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Open Access Article
1 - The Kinematic Analysis Of Four Degrees Of Freedom For A Medical Robot And Control It By Labview And Arduino Mega2560 (Simulation And Implementation)
fatima habqa -
Open Access Article
2 - Investigating the Impact of Media Freedom on the Human Development Index of Southwest Asia Countries with a Dynamic Approach
Seyyed Mohammad Ghaem Zabihi Mohammad Taher Ahmadi Shadmehri Narges Salehnia Nesa KamalianThe impact of a free press on development may never have been properly assessed. It is very difficult, if not impossible, to calculate such an effect. However, the purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of media freedom on the Human Development Index (HDI) i MoreThe impact of a free press on development may never have been properly assessed. It is very difficult, if not impossible, to calculate such an effect. However, the purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of media freedom on the Human Development Index (HDI) in a group of 21 countries in Southwest Asia in the annual period from 2002 to 2020. To investigate and measure this relationship, the dynamic panel data econometrics method and the generalized two-stage system torque (SGMM) approach have been used. The results of the specified model show that media freedom has a positive and significant effect on the human development index and with one unit increase in the media freedom index, the human development index increases by 4.290 units. Also, other variables of this study, such as GDP per capita and the number of Internet users, increase the human development index by one percent to 2.290 and 6.101 units, respectively, and therefore a positive and significant relationship for both variables was obtained. In addition, the variable of the corruption control index has a negative and significant effect on the human development index and with one unit increase in the corruption control index, the human development index will decrease by 0.006 units Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - EVALUATATION OF MEDIA ETHICS IN HAMSHAHRY NEWSPAPER FROM PERSPECTIVE OF COMMUNICATION SCIENCE AND JOURNALISM STUDENTS OF ALLAMEH TABATABAI UNIVERSITY
Nazanin Malekian Seyede Nasrin Pour AnvariPresent research investigates “evaluatation of media ethics in Hamshahry newspaper” from perspective of communicationscience and journalism students of Allameh Tabatabai University in the academic year 2013-2014. This research isconducted through survey rese MorePresent research investigates “evaluatation of media ethics in Hamshahry newspaper” from perspective of communicationscience and journalism students of Allameh Tabatabai University in the academic year 2013-2014. This research isconducted through survey research. For data collection, questionnaire is used. Population studied included all undergraduatestudents, masters and doctoral degree in journalism and communication science of Allameh Tabatabai University who arestudying in these schools, their number is 1280 persons. The questionnaire was handed out to 384 students as the researchsample randomly. Survey results showed that the negative correlation between socioeconomic status and satisfaction withspeech and weak (0.144) and 95 % confidence level , this relationship has been confirmed between respecting freedom ofexpression and media ethics in the newspaper ¬ among the respondents , there is a significant relationship with a strongcorrelation coefficient (0.736) and there was a significant relationship between the accuracy of Hamshahry newspaper andmedia ethics ¬ a strong correlation coefficient (0.774) and 99 % confidence level of significance was confirmed, betweenprivacy of Hamshahry newspaper and media ethics ¬ strongly correlated with (0.427) and 99 % confidence approved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Internet Access as Independent Human Right: The Approach of the International Law System and the Iranian Legal System
Khadije akrami Hoda Ghaffari Vali Allah Rostami Mehdi RezaeiIn 2016, the United Nation’s General Assembly adopted a non-binding resolution regarding ‘The Promotion, Protection and Enjoyment of Human Rights on the Internet’. At the heart of this resolution is the UN’s concern that ‘rights that people MoreIn 2016, the United Nation’s General Assembly adopted a non-binding resolution regarding ‘The Promotion, Protection and Enjoyment of Human Rights on the Internet’. At the heart of this resolution is the UN’s concern that ‘rights that people have offline must also be protected online.’ While the UN thus recognises the importance of the Internet, it does so problematically selectively by focusing on protecting existing offline rights online. I argue instead that Internet access is itself a moral human right that requires that everyone has unmonitored and uncensored access to this global medium, which should be publicly provided free of charge for those unable to afford it. Rather than being a mere luxury, Internet access should be considered a universal entitlement because it is necessary for people to be able to lead minimally decent lives. Accepting this claim transforms our conception of the Internet from a technology to that of a basic right. It should be acknowledged, however, that in the system of international law and domestic law of Iran there is no independent human right or citizenship entitled the right to access the Internet. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Survey of relationship between economic freedom and budget deficits in non-free Countries
محمد رضا شریف آزاده فرزاد هاشمیSince the limit of economics freedom determines the scope of the market and specifies the sphere of government intervention in the economy, for this reason , in this essay it has been attempted to test the hypothesis of the inverse relationship between the degree of eco MoreSince the limit of economics freedom determines the scope of the market and specifies the sphere of government intervention in the economy, for this reason , in this essay it has been attempted to test the hypothesis of the inverse relationship between the degree of economic freedom and budget deficit in the non-free countries .For this purpose , among the institutions which perform the ranking of the index of economic freedom in the different countries ,Heritage Foundation has been chosen due to its covering of both the cross-section and more time series data ,precision for the numerous and quality of sub-branches and credit estimation approach and being a productive organization of information. Based upon the statistics of the ratio of budget deficit over gross domestic product (GDP) for free countries ,including ten countries which have had the lowest degree of economic freedom, in the period(1996-2006),using the World Bank statistical sources, calculation has been made by the panel or extensive data and econometric tests. The results coming from the coefficients of the model indicate a significant and inverse relationship between the degree of economic freedom and budget deficit for the non-free countries including Iran,Belarus,Bosnia-Herzegovina,Congo,Ethiopia,Mongolia,Ukraine,Tunisia,Kazakhstan and Bulgaria. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Relationship between economic security and tax revenues (Evidence from MENA countries)
کریم رسولی اسداله فرزینوشIncome redistribution and establishing social justice and maintaining it are the major economic objectives that most governments are looking for them. Taxation is a tool that can redistribute wealth in society and can reduce class differences. Meanwhile, an efficient ta MoreIncome redistribution and establishing social justice and maintaining it are the major economic objectives that most governments are looking for them. Taxation is a tool that can redistribute wealth in society and can reduce class differences. Meanwhile, an efficient tax system could prevent the occurrence of economic corruption. Furthermore, economic security in a society with minimal risk and economic corruption can promote economic activities and lead to increase in tax revenues that help state to improve its services Economic security is a kind of public good or service that cannot be produced in the private sector in the market. This market failure leads to government intervention in providing economic security. Economic security and related issues can influence business atmosphere and national income and so can affect government tax revenues. In this paper the empirical relationship between economic security and tax revenues in the selected countries of Middle East and North Africa (MENA) which have similar relative structures, have been investigated. For this purpose, the panel data models have been used to estimate mentioned relationship. According to the results, free trade as the first indicator of economic stability and security has significant and positive effect on tax revenues in MENA countries. Trade freedom, as a second variable has a significant and positive effect on tax revenues too. Financial Freedom as third indicator of economic stability and security as former variables has significant and positive effect on tax revenues. An important to be mentioned is that the property rights and tax revenues have negative relationship in the selected countries. Also, in selected countries economic growth doesn’t have a positive effect on tax revenues. Inflation rate does have positive and meaningful effects on tax revenues in MENA: Variables as exports and imports as control variables as a percentage of GDP have negative and inverse effect on tax revenues a percentages of GDP and capital formation as the third control variable has a positive and meaningful effect on tax revenues in MENA. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Examining the Condition of Alevis in Turkey in Light of the Freedom of Religion and Conscience and Religious Minority Rights in International Law
Ismail Kurun -
Open Access Article
8 - A Stealthy Freedom and Sociological Effects In Only Goodness: A Work by Jhumpa Lahiri
Atefeh Lieaghat Fatemeh Aziz Mohammadi Mozhgan YarAhmaddi -
Open Access Article
9 - Jurisprudential principles of securing the rights of the accused under pre-trial supervision
mehrangiz karimi mehdi sheidaeian araee asghar arabianProtecting individual rights and freedoms is one of the purposes of criminal procedure law. Among the acts that violate individual rights are the rights and freedoms of the accused at the monitored stage. The rights of the accused have been taken into consideration by t MoreProtecting individual rights and freedoms is one of the purposes of criminal procedure law. Among the acts that violate individual rights are the rights and freedoms of the accused at the monitored stage. The rights of the accused have been taken into consideration by the legislature to some extent, although they have not been fully addressed and full requirements have not been set for law enforcement and the judiciary, and in general some have been pointed out. The accused was under surveillance; The right of the accused to remain silent, the principle of innocence, the right to know the reasons for arrest, the interrogation of the accused by addressing issues such as the observance of the principle of security in the interrogation of the accused, human dignity, protection of civil rights and fair trial, as well as the right to a lawyer. The right to understand the accused and the right to inform the family were among the cases that were examined in this research from the perspective of jurisprudence and law. Violation of the rights of others, including defendants, is an unforgivable sin, and hard-working judicial officers and judicial colleagues are expected to spare no effort to observe it carefully. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Imprisonment and De-imprisonment in Islamic Jurisprudence and Iranian Law
Meisam Imani (corresponding author) Naghmeh Farhoud Seyed Yazdollah Taheri NasabFreedom is one of the most important blessings and one of the most obvious natural and basic human rights, which has been considered among the most controversial issues throughout the centuries and ages. One of the types of freedom is the freedom of the body, according MoreFreedom is one of the most important blessings and one of the most obvious natural and basic human rights, which has been considered among the most controversial issues throughout the centuries and ages. One of the types of freedom is the freedom of the body, according to which a person can do whatever he wants. This type of freedom has been supported for a long time, and even today, international declarations related to human rights and the basic and ordinary laws of different countries support it in various ways. On the other hand, establishing public security and protecting people's privacy and rights in dealing with threats and possible aggression by abnormal persons and violating the rights of others has always been one of the main concerns of the guardians of the judicial justice system. In this regard, the application of prison sentences as a reaction to denying freedom against criminals and lawbreakers is a common method in most countries of the world. The idea that the application of this punishment will reform and socialize the criminal and prevent the repetition of the crime, and on the other hand, it brings intimidation and general deterrence and prevents potential criminals from repeating the crimes, is one of the most important justifications for the prison sentence. Although professors and legal scholars have dealt with the issue of the pathology of prison punishment in various articles, but since this issue is important and it should be considered, different aspects of the issue have not been examined. Therefore, it was felt necessary to deal more with this issue. The main objective of this study, while using the library research method, is to identify the judicial and executive gaps of this punishment and provide suggestions to compensate for the shortcomings and achieve the relevant goals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - The Jurisprudential Study of the Publication of Oblique Newspapers
Ehsan GhobadJournalism as suitable context for reinforcement of freedom of speech has restrictions that are accepted by every legal systems including Shiite jurisprudence. One of these restrictions from Shiite point of view is the prohibition of spreading oblique writings in forms MoreJournalism as suitable context for reinforcement of freedom of speech has restrictions that are accepted by every legal systems including Shiite jurisprudence. One of these restrictions from Shiite point of view is the prohibition of spreading oblique writings in forms of impure and immoral writings and the prohibition of propagation in favor of the opponents of the Islamic state and also the prohibition of casting doubts on the fundamental principles and necessities of the Islamic religion. The inexistence of special texts proving the prohibition of spreading oblique issues and the use of generalities, also differences in the definitions of obliquity and methods of dealing with oblique writings, has set the stage for disagreements in religious decrees (Fatwas). In this article by critical and analytical method we come to this conclusion that aforementioned disagreements notwithstanding, the press has no right to publish oblique writings by excuses such as "uselessness of the publication ban", "stage-setting for the freedom of choice", "freedom of questioning and doubting", "free distribution of information", and "freedom of political activity". Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - The Critical and Hermeneutic Methodology of Legal Cases
Ramin Poursaeid Hossein YasseriThis research is attempting to highlight the interpretation of legalcases from hermeneutic perspectives and to comprehend theambiguous perceptions in legal texts and sources. Further, it takesinto consideration the roles of tradition, convention, the civil, legal,and cr MoreThis research is attempting to highlight the interpretation of legalcases from hermeneutic perspectives and to comprehend theambiguous perceptions in legal texts and sources. Further, it takesinto consideration the roles of tradition, convention, the civil, legal,and critical supervisory systems in deciphering the codes in legaltexts after the Dekartian revolution. From a modern perspective andthe degree of accountability for the fulfillment of the requirementsof humanity, in fact, the hermeneutic interpretations of the legalcases lead to independence and, achieving unfettered freedom fromthe imposed interpretations dictated by metaphysical legaltraditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Political values in the government of Ali (AS)
Ali Asghar Pourezzat Majid Mokhtarianpour fatemeh tabanSummary Every government or political system is a crystallization of a strategy for producing and presenting values that are referred to as "political values." The present study uses the "intentional hermeneutics" method to study the rule of Imam Ali (AS) from the persp MoreSummary Every government or political system is a crystallization of a strategy for producing and presenting values that are referred to as "political values." The present study uses the "intentional hermeneutics" method to study the rule of Imam Ali (AS) from the perspective of how he adhered to political values. The question is, what did the Imam (as) face with components such as justice, freedom, security and welfare as political values? The findings of the study indicate that in the rule of that Imam, justice as a network that has various components such as truth, fairness, honesty and public interest. The freedom of the people, especially the opposition, is so important to the Imam (as) that he says: I cannot force you to do what you do not like (Sermon 208, 222). According to him, security is a universal right that makes sense in the light of power, and the government is merely the custodian and instrument of security, and it must eliminate the grounds for fear and need. In the discussion of social welfare, he encouraged the people to work and try and allocate an equal share of the treasury for the members of the society, even his opponents, while raising the living standards of the people, paving the way for the growth of their public self-esteem and increasing the level of people's freedoms. They were crying. Keywords: Political Values, Justice, Freedom, Security, Welfare. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Social alienation of youth in Tehran city
Mansour Vosoughi Mohsen Sari -
Open Access Article
15 - The role of "concept of freedom" in issuing sentences and moral values by relying on Sartre's phenomenological methodology.
zeinabsadat mirshamsi Negar Ezharijenekanloo Monireh sayyidmazhariThe purpose of ethical view in existentialist is a better description of being human. Sartre philosopher of existentialist philosophers, as human is free and autonomous, so in ethics there is no general rule, so there is no fixed value and human is simply the source of MoreThe purpose of ethical view in existentialist is a better description of being human. Sartre philosopher of existentialist philosophers, as human is free and autonomous, so in ethics there is no general rule, so there is no fixed value and human is simply the source of value and moral code. According to such a view, the criterion for doing a verb as well as moral judgment is the individual himself, since the individual himself is the creator of his deeds because of his freedom. As well as his existentialist themes, Sartre also rejects the absolute morality that everyone is valid and replaces it with a moral that alone is valid for the individual. In the present article, we intend to study the nature of ethical values by relying on the concept of freedom from the perspective of Sartre in order to determine the role of moral values in how ethical judgments are issued. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Romantical Interpretation of Freedom on Isaiah Berlin View
Mohsen Fazeli Aliakbar Ahmadi Aframjani Ali Moradkhani Reza Davari ArdekaniRomantical interpretation of freedom on Berlin view is relied to understanding of his analysis on enlightenment and romantism. But we must already have drawn a clear imagination of other aspects of his thought such as anthropology, history and pluralism, until clarified MoreRomantical interpretation of freedom on Berlin view is relied to understanding of his analysis on enlightenment and romantism. But we must already have drawn a clear imagination of other aspects of his thought such as anthropology, history and pluralism, until clarified means of freedom and be able to know foundation of original romantical aspects of his thought. This article tries to prove this claim that negative freedom is inextricably linked to romantic ideas, as if the relationship between freedom and romantic ideas is cut off to ignored, there can never be a way to define freedom as intended by Berlin. So first enumerated the supposed romantic ideas from works of Berlin and then with a Berlin analysis of the romantic era follow the traces of this ideas in the most fundamental part of his thought the concept of freedom until be able to achieve a romantic interpretation of his philosophy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Social Justice and Spatiale equity; An investignation and theoritical comparing of John Rowls and David Harvey
حسین Hataminezhad عمران RastiThe Justice as a popular and interested concept has been among a few conceptsthat are already debated by philosophers and social economic elites and there havebeen various theories about social justice. John Rawls is one of the famous politicalphilosophers in 20th centu MoreThe Justice as a popular and interested concept has been among a few conceptsthat are already debated by philosophers and social economic elites and there havebeen various theories about social justice. John Rawls is one of the famous politicalphilosophers in 20th century and David Harvey is most outstanding geographer insecond half of 20th century too. They have many philosophic approaches and articlesabout social Justice and spatial equity. This paper is going to investigate justiceconcept from point of their views and represent their common and differentiationviews. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - The Concept of Suffering from the Rumi’s Point of View
فاطمه لاجوردی زینب ابراهیمیAs a fact of sentient life, suffering is a concomitant problem of thehuman existence. Throughout the history people from differentbackgrounds and points of view, such as psychological, philosophicaland mystical, have tried to solve this problem. Thus suffering, morethan MoreAs a fact of sentient life, suffering is a concomitant problem of thehuman existence. Throughout the history people from differentbackgrounds and points of view, such as psychological, philosophicaland mystical, have tried to solve this problem. Thus suffering, morethan any other fact of human life, raises the philosophical questions thatreligion customarily tries to answer; questions such as: Is there anyrelation between suffering and evil? As the absolute Good, what is therole of God in relation to suffering and evil? What is the best remedy ofhuman suffering? Theists answered to these questions in differentways. Rumi was one of them who tried to find reasonable explanations.His reflections about suffering, as revealed in Mathnavī, can be tracedback to his Islamic beliefs on the one hand, and to the teachings ofBorhān Al-dīn Tirmadhī, a sufi master who emphasized the blame(malāma) and asceticism (riyada), and Shams Tabrizi, who stressed theimportance of love in thariqah (the Path) on the other hand.As a Muslim, Rumi observed the suffering from the Islamic pointof view. Firstly, he referred to creation as the purposeful act of God andthen by explaining the problem of freedom and determinism, describedthe true suffering as the sweet fruit of the Divine love, so much so thata true lover should willingly submit her/himself to it. Rumi’s frequentreferring to Islamic sayings and traditions is the sign of the influence ofreligious teachings on him. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Investigating the Impact of Financial Freedom and Investment on Tax Evasion: A Quantile Regression Approach
Naser Yousefnezhad Ali Akbar Farzinfar Hossein jabbari mehdi safari griyly Hasan GhodratiTaxes play a key role in combining government revenues and can help governments achieve the three goals of resource allocation, revenue distribution, and economic stability. There are several factors that affect tax evasion, one of the most important of which is the ope MoreTaxes play a key role in combining government revenues and can help governments achieve the three goals of resource allocation, revenue distribution, and economic stability. There are several factors that affect tax evasion, one of the most important of which is the openness of markets (financial freedom and freedom of investment). Therefore, in this study, the effect of financial freedoms and investment on tax evasion in the period 2000-2020 has been studied using the quantitative regression method. The results of model estimation show that higher monetary freedom (low inflation), financial freedom and investment freedom have negative, positive and negative effects on tax evasion, respectively. Also, the impact of property rights on tax evasion is negative and significant, and the guarantee of personal property by the government has reduced the rate of tax evasion. In addition, rule of law also has a significant negative impact on tax evasion. Because the rule of law is high, it increases people's confidence in the strict implementation of laws, especially tax laws, and reduces the possibility of tax evasion. At the significance level of 5%, the impact of government spending and the agricultural sector share variable (percentage of GDP) on tax evasion was positive but not statistically significant. In contrast, the effect of religion (percentage of Muslim population) and unemployment rate on tax evasion are negative, positive and significant, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Human Development, State and Investment Policies
yasser Roostaei Hosseinabadi A. Akbar Gorji AzandarianiHuman Development is the last revealed theory in the field of economy of development and according to its founders is subject to spontaneous development in four aspects of political, cultural, economic and societal. Freedom of access to economic facilities p MoreHuman Development is the last revealed theory in the field of economy of development and according to its founders is subject to spontaneous development in four aspects of political, cultural, economic and societal. Freedom of access to economic facilities played a vital role in economic development and stable policies in economic fields is a canon of above freedom. To this end, State should do its best to provide the best access of citizens to economic facilities. Privatization is a well-known instrument to this end. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - The Role of Securitization in Countries’ Economic Growth and Development (Focus on Need to Deployment of Securitization Market in IRAN)
Vahid Zandie Saeed ZandieIn every economic, Securitisation is equally necessary of structured finance markets. The upshot of desired structured Securitisation is to invent marketable securities with better liquidity for financial claims. Securitisation process enables investors to improve their MoreIn every economic, Securitisation is equally necessary of structured finance markets. The upshot of desired structured Securitisation is to invent marketable securities with better liquidity for financial claims. Securitisation process enables investors to improve their risk management, to earn better modified returns and to access more liquidity. Debt conversion to a marketable asset, creates the great financial Communications between individual borrowers and vast capital markets. The participants in financial markets include the investors who have different needs to meet their investment goals, continue to comply with their risk and return requirements. Therefore, trenching various risks to credit risk and interest rate risk, prioritizing the investors who enter to securities market with structuring the market, has economic concept. Previous studies have demonstrated the correlation between economic growth and progress of economic freedom indices. In this research, we found that the relationship between development in securitization market and financial freedom is statistically significant in some developed countries. Also, it’s proved that there is positive linear correlation between Islamic Financial Instruments (SUKUK) issuances as structured financing as well as Securitisation and overall economic freedom and/or investment freedom and/or financial freedom in Islamic developing countries. Studying current situation of Securitisation in Iran demonstrated there is relative gap in comparative of objective countries in group of Islamic countries for use of SUKUK, and in the other word, Securitisation, in Islamic financing markets. However, effective proceedings accomplished for deploying Islamic Financial Instruments (SUKUK) markets in Iran, but to achieve economic development, expedition in this deployment is unavoidable necessity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - A Comparative Study of Political Views of "Mohammad Taghi Bahar" and "Ahmad Shawghi
ALI SABERI ELAHEh razaghiAbstract This research paper is about the political views of Mohammad Taqi Bahar (1330-1265 SSI) and Ahmad Shawghai (1932-1868 AD), two outstanding poets of Persian and Arabic literature in the contemporary period. Both Poets’ expression changed after the industri MoreAbstract This research paper is about the political views of Mohammad Taqi Bahar (1330-1265 SSI) and Ahmad Shawghai (1932-1868 AD), two outstanding poets of Persian and Arabic literature in the contemporary period. Both Poets’ expression changed after the industrial revolution that began in the Language Arts. In this paper, three of their political views, "colonialism", "freedom" and "war" are studied; and at the end, the similarities and differences in their perspectives and their ways of explaining of each topic have been presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Comparative Study of Social – Political Satire in Nasim – e Shomal and Ahmed Mattar Poetries
Kazem Azimi Fatemeh SepahvandSocial – political satire is one of the contemporary poetic structures which has been paid attention by scholars and authors during two recent decades. In Persian language Nasim – e Shomal could affect people's soul by applying simple poetic language. Ahmad MoreSocial – political satire is one of the contemporary poetic structures which has been paid attention by scholars and authors during two recent decades. In Persian language Nasim – e Shomal could affect people's soul by applying simple poetic language. Ahmad Mattar - contemporary Iraqi poet - is well known by his satire in Arabic language. He also - as Nasim - e Shomal - tried to awaken his nation and even the world. The present paper tries to show two poets' concerns about their countries and nations comparatively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - The Ideas of Love, Patriotism, and Freedom in Gibran Khalil Gibran and Gheysar Aminpoor’s Works
Seyyed Hosein Seyyedi Sakine Saremi GeraviFreedom, patriotism, and love are the most important sources and components of imagery in classical and contemporary literary writings in the form of poetry and prose. The poets, Gibran Khalil Gibran and Gheysar Aminpoor, influenced by their socio-political milieu and t MoreFreedom, patriotism, and love are the most important sources and components of imagery in classical and contemporary literary writings in the form of poetry and prose. The poets, Gibran Khalil Gibran and Gheysar Aminpoor, influenced by their socio-political milieu and the spirit of the age, developed such subjects and themes as patriotism, nature, freedom, love, pain, and politics, among many others. This article attempts a comparative analysis of the views of Gibran and Aminpoor, taking into account and reflecting their intellectual differences and similarities. This study treats several hypotheses. First, Gibran and Aminpoor have many similarities in thought. Second, both poets are romantic and nostalgic. Third, such components as freedom, love, and patriotism are clearly reflected in their poems. The study concludes that these two poets have many individual and professional characteristics and features in common. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Concept of freedom from Hafiz & Molana point of view and its comparison with Existentialism
Zohreh Vafayi Fard Mirjaledddin KazzaziTwo Iranian scholars, Molana and Hafiz had thought about individual and social aspects of human rather than other western scholars and they expressed these thoughts by artist language. One of the abovementioned thinking fields is freedom and authority of human which is MoreTwo Iranian scholars, Molana and Hafiz had thought about individual and social aspects of human rather than other western scholars and they expressed these thoughts by artist language. One of the abovementioned thinking fields is freedom and authority of human which is known as most important human nature reality, as the caliph of God on Earth. the present paper - in addition to determine importance of freedom in works and thoughts of Hafiz and Molana - tries to investigate similarities and dissimilarities among their theories and thoughts in different aspects of human existence from humanistic point of view in west. It also attempts to observe and analyze scholars' thoughts by applying Hafiz and Molana poems from comparative point of view. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Traceless City (Utopia) from Abd al-Wahhab al-Bayati and Mehdi Akhavān-Sāles Viewpoint
Isaac Rahmani Shiva MottahedUtopia represents unreachable reality which has always been in human mind and has been considered as a shelter for him to pass the life's adversity and rough days. The adversities made the poets to create utopia and desirable place to live for human beings. The ideal pe MoreUtopia represents unreachable reality which has always been in human mind and has been considered as a shelter for him to pass the life's adversity and rough days. The adversities made the poets to create utopia and desirable place to live for human beings. The ideal perfection in the mentioned utopias is to reach the humanistic and mental prosperity without any corruption and destroying manners. The present article studies creating utopia and its opposite dystopia from two Iranian and Iraqi poets' viewpoint: Mehdi Akhavān-Sāles and Abd al-Wahhab al-Bayati. The similar living environment, caused similar understanding and reaction for both poets. Akhavān and Bayati both had similar view to utopia and simultaneously described and depicted dystopia as well. There are also some differences which the present paper will discuss them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Analysis of Social Realism in the Poetry of Contemporary Poets; Emphasizing a Few Poets
Leila Gholi Pouri Arash Moshfeghi Naser AlizadehIn every era, the greats and intellectuals of the time have sought to find a new solution to the problems and complexities of their world in order to get rid of the existing bottlenecks of time, and poetry is one of the important tools in the service of this though. Rea MoreIn every era, the greats and intellectuals of the time have sought to find a new solution to the problems and complexities of their world in order to get rid of the existing bottlenecks of time, and poetry is one of the important tools in the service of this though. Realism and hyperrealism are two important elements of the poetry of contemporary poets. And documenting in general, recording, interpreting and narrating the personal experiences of the individual and transforming and referring it to various social, political, economic aspects is a context of language that has been full of initiative and experience. Realism is a literary school that became popular in Europe and the United States between 1880 and 1850. The most important feature of realist works is that it presents man as a social being and seeks the root of all his good and bad behaviors in society. The school of realism is one of the schools that depict the problems of the individual and society like a mirror and the author does not include his personal opinions in it. Most contemporary poets, as writers of realism, have been able to express and depict the poverty and problems of the people and their struggle to continue poetry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - A Comparative Study of the Ideological Poems of Ahmad Shamloo and Paul Alvar
Fatemeh Abdshahi Mohammad Reza MohseniIn the field of comparative literature, by examining common themes in the literature of different nations, countless commonalities can be achieved that emphasize the mutual influence of poets or writers. The birth of any poetic text arises from the social, political and MoreIn the field of comparative literature, by examining common themes in the literature of different nations, countless commonalities can be achieved that emphasize the mutual influence of poets or writers. The birth of any poetic text arises from the social, political and economic conditions prevailing in society, which is narrated and reflected by the pen of a committed poet. In this article, a comparative study of the ideological poems of two famous poets from two different cultures and civilizations French Paul Alois (1895-1952 AD) and Iranian Ahmad Shamloo (1926-2000) has been investigated with emphasis on basic concepts such as peace, justice, freedom, love and ideal -utopia - based on sociological method and ideological critique. The approach to compare the poems of these two great poets is a sociological approach; Because these two poets have been greatly influenced by the times in which they lived and reflected social events in their works. In fact, the purpose of social critique is to study the interaction of literature and society. In addition, in this article, we will use the critique of ideology. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - A Comparative Study of the Existentialist Approach in the Works and Thought of Sohrab Sepehri
Fahimeh MohammadpourSohrab is one of the contemporary mystic poets who have acted an inner journey in writing his "Hasht Ketab". The thematic study of Sohrab Sepehri's poems places him among the poets of phenomenology who open the first doors to the perception and awareness of his existenc MoreSohrab is one of the contemporary mystic poets who have acted an inner journey in writing his "Hasht Ketab". The thematic study of Sohrab Sepehri's poems places him among the poets of phenomenology who open the first doors to the perception and awareness of his existence and in unity with the world around him, lead to epistemology and ontological view. Among the existing schools of psychology, the existentialist approach is the only one that directly and with the help of existential and emerging philosophers and authors, looks at different types of emotions and mental disorders from its ontological point of view. Yalom's view provided a map for ontological-humanistic treatment by focusing on the "certainties of existence," i.e, death, freedom, isolation, and emptiness, and by emphasizing the relationship in order to discuss these certainties. These things play a very important role in each level of the individual's psychological structure and are closely related to clinical work. In addition, they create a central organizing principle. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Traditions and Qur'anic Research on the Evidence for the Freedom of E-Commerce Contracts
amir ahmadiAccording to the principle of freedom of contract, any commercial contract that is not contrary to Sharia and law is valid. The purpose of this study is to investigate the validity and validity of the evidence of e-commerce contracts and to clear up any ambiguities in t MoreAccording to the principle of freedom of contract, any commercial contract that is not contrary to Sharia and law is valid. The purpose of this study is to investigate the validity and validity of the evidence of e-commerce contracts and to clear up any ambiguities in this area. In this research, I will first state the Tradition. Then, we will examine the general Qur'anic evidences and the meaning of the verses that have been mentioned regarding the sale, trade, and lawful and unlawful businesses, and I will explain the naming and generalization of these verses. Examining the requirements of the principles as the third reason and the requirements of the rational structure as the fourth reason for the legitimacy of electronic contracts has not gone unnoticed. From this research, it can be concluded that according to the above reasons, e-commerce contracts are legitimate and are accepted by the legislature and human societies. Also, directing e-commerce rules to dynamic jurisprudence to remove doubts between the parties to the contract is one of the achievements of this article. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Freedom and liberty of thought in the manifestations of rational education of the Quran and the method of teaching based on it
Rahele Aghamohammadi sendani Khosrow Bagheri Fahime AnsarianThe purpose of this research is to investigate the causes of damage in Islamic education from an intellectual point of view. One of the important reasons is to prevent the methods leading to freedom of thought in society. The evaluation states that the theoretical found MoreThe purpose of this research is to investigate the causes of damage in Islamic education from an intellectual point of view. One of the important reasons is to prevent the methods leading to freedom of thought in society. The evaluation states that the theoretical foundations of the research are based on human agency in the Qur'an, and the principles of action are based on cognitive and willful tendencies. The methodology in this research is of a descriptive and inferential type, after stating and describing the verses related to the liberation of thought from the verses, it evaluates them based on the two purposes of liberation and creation of freedom. Examining the freedom of thought in the verses in the cognitive principles gives rise to the external voluntary actions of man and in the principles A tendency to stay away from vices and pay attention to and act on moral virtues leads to spiritual upliftment and a kind of inner intellectual and spiritual liberation. In this regard, a new teaching method based on freedom of thought is presented Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - A comparative study of the International Declaration of Human Rights with Quranic teachings
moein sabahi goraghani Hamidreza DejanThe Universal Charter of Human Rights, which was compiled with the motivation of the rule of justice and world peace and was effective creating peace and security, is based on certain principlespresent research, while examining materials and contents declaration and its MoreThe Universal Charter of Human Rights, which was compiled with the motivation of the rule of justice and world peace and was effective creating peace and security, is based on certain principlespresent research, while examining materials and contents declaration and its adaptation to the perspective of the Holy Quran, in terms theorizing, applying and implementing, it should be examined by referring verses and traditions and authentic religious and legal books. The axis determining the most important principles of human rights and freedoms, including the principle of freedom, the principle equality, which is included the declaration of human rights and is apparently ine with the teachings of the Islamic religion, but does not have sufficient validity. Despite the universality of the Declaration of Human Rights, it has so far provoked many challenges among some nations of the world, including Muslim countries, which ignore the main basis of human rights in Islam, which isoneness of God and the reliance human reason and the axis Being human has been involved in compiling this declaration. The general result this research was examine common points and points difference between the articles Declaration of Human Rights and the views of the Holy Qur'an in terms of content and theme following areas, such as; Human dignity, foundations, views, types of freedoms, property, differences implementation, inherent equality and the principle of equality, right life and security in personal life, differences type of attitude towards humans, neglecting the relationship between humans and God, solving challenges and shortcomings Human rights. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Liberty Semantics in Frankfurt School and its Criticism from Quran's Viewpoint
Maryam Esfahani Tayyebeh Mahroozadeh Saeed BeheshtiConcept of liberty is one of the important and significant issues in freedom and liberalism. The present research initially studies two main elements – liberty concept and strategies to achieve liberty – in Frankfurt school which is a twentieth century idea MoreConcept of liberty is one of the important and significant issues in freedom and liberalism. The present research initially studies two main elements – liberty concept and strategies to achieve liberty – in Frankfurt school which is a twentieth century idea and then criticizes the liberty concerned by the mentioned school. The outcomes show and prove that the concept of liberty in Frankfurt school owns ethical concept and means freedom of capitalism system; it focuses on social freedom only. Since the main ideology by ethical issues is freedom of egoism from Islam viewpoint. Holy Quran knows human's passion and desire as constraint for freedom and expresses it in two aspects: internal liberty – moral – and external liberty – social. Manuscript profile -
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34 - Investigating the supervisory role of the Court of Administrative Justice on considering the rights of the nation in the Quranic verses
Mohammad Hosseini Davood GhasemiIn regulating government-citizen relations, the fulfillment of individual rights cannot be entrusted to the goodwill of the government, and access to administrative proceedings should be considered as a means for citizens to achieve their other rights. As a result, in a MoreIn regulating government-citizen relations, the fulfillment of individual rights cannot be entrusted to the goodwill of the government, and access to administrative proceedings should be considered as a means for citizens to achieve their other rights. As a result, in addition to the courts that deal with disputes between people, there should be impartial and independent administrative courts where individuals can go to law enforcement agencies to obtain their rights if their rights are violated by government agencies and law enforcement. Among these courts is the Court of Administrative Justice and what is the role of the Court of Administrative Justice in monitoring the observance of the rights of the nation? It can be raised as an issue. In this descriptive-analytical study, it can be stated that; The Court of Justice, in its role of advocate and defender of the rights of the nation, monitors the actions and decisions of officials as well as the approvals of government units, and acts as a judicial authority indirectly in the realization of the rights of nation under the supervision of administrative courts. Manuscript profile -
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35 - Comparative Study on Homeland in Muthaffar Al-Nawab and Seyed Ashrafedin Hosseini ’s Poetries
Mahdi Ramshini Fariborz Hossein Janzadeh Sarasti Mohammad Shaygan MehrMuthaffar Al-Nawab and Seyed Ashrafedin Hosseini, nicknamed North Breeze (Nasim e Shomal), have patriotic and libertarian tendencies and enjoy almost the same tactics to support the homeland and fight against colonialism and tyranny. Both live in an age where the politi MoreMuthaffar Al-Nawab and Seyed Ashrafedin Hosseini, nicknamed North Breeze (Nasim e Shomal), have patriotic and libertarian tendencies and enjoy almost the same tactics to support the homeland and fight against colonialism and tyranny. Both live in an age where the political, social, and literary atmosphere of their countries are very similar. They consider literature as a means of enlightening society and apply it for this very purpose, and used poetry, music, and aesthetic elements to convey their message to their audiences. They both love their compatriots and have awareness, awakening, and responsibility. Each has his own worldview and thoughts, and the secret of their penetrating words is recognizing the literary taste of their compatriots and expressing the issues and problems of the masses. The two are constantly pursuing their ideal community; a society that is free from oppression and discrimination and encourages everyone to achieve it, and does not tolerate oppression and discrimination against human beings, and acts to eradicate it with their thoughts and pens. Manuscript profile -
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36 - The Effects of Social issues in Ma'ruf Rosafi's Poetry
Hossein Shamsabadi Asghar Moulavi Nafchi, Gholamreza GolchinradAbstract A poet, author, statesman, and eminent social figure under the Ottoman Empire, Ma'ruf Rosafi, lived in a period when ignorance, poverty, and disease had overshadowed the country. Obviously, literature in late 19th century and early 20th century witnessed a ris MoreAbstract A poet, author, statesman, and eminent social figure under the Ottoman Empire, Ma'ruf Rosafi, lived in a period when ignorance, poverty, and disease had overshadowed the country. Obviously, literature in late 19th century and early 20th century witnessed a rise and boom which included political, social, and cultural issues. And it was poetry that could yield positive effects in the process of constructing and revolutionizing life trends and its conditions. All these factors led Rosafi and others to embark upon and develop such themes as freedom of speech, spreading knowledge, abolishing ignorance, educating women, establishing justice, and defending home against colonization Manuscript profile -
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37 - A Glance at the Literary Man, Poet and Playwright, Suleiman Al-Hozami and the Play “Bedayat Al-Nahayat”
Seyed Ebrahim Arman Zohre BanbiDrama is an obvious cultural activity. This literary form is a means of solidarity between human beings and opens new horizons for dialogue among races, ethnicities and different colors in spite of different point of views, opinions and beliefs. Drama is MoreDrama is an obvious cultural activity. This literary form is a means of solidarity between human beings and opens new horizons for dialogue among races, ethnicities and different colors in spite of different point of views, opinions and beliefs. Drama is proper for applying national themes and calling for freedom, rising against oppression and resistance. The present article surveys the works of one of the prominent pioneers of this literary form, Suleiman Al-Hozami from Kuwait, some of whose works are translated into English, Spanish and Persian. Manuscript profile -
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38 - Manifestation of Hallaj's Mask in Abd al-Wahhab al-Bayati's Poetry
Foad Abdollah Zadeh Ali Asghar Habibi Ali Akbar Ahmadi Chenari Mojtaba BehrouziPoetic symbolization based on past symbols in order to create a romantic situation is one of the important poetic evolutions. Abd al-Wahhab al-Bayati is one of the modernism strongest poets in this field who could express his poetic approaches in the most effective way MorePoetic symbolization based on past symbols in order to create a romantic situation is one of the important poetic evolutions. Abd al-Wahhab al-Bayati is one of the modernism strongest poets in this field who could express his poetic approaches in the most effective way by applying different symbols of dream. This article – which is done in descriptive – analytic method – studies symbolization and its importance in al-Bayati's poetry in general as well as analyzing Hallaj symbol. He has applies this symbol in many different poetries such as "Hallaj's Torture". The common points in two characters caused forming mask technique in the best way. Manuscript profile -
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39 - Rebellion and its Alternatives in the Holy Quran (Analytical and Root Research on the Thought of Rebellion in Islamic Texts)
Morteza Zare Beromi Fatemeh KazemiIn the present study, by examining the belongings of the rebellion, we framed the issues that lead man under the heading of internal and external motives in the path of rebellion. Then we went to the alternatives that directly or indirectly prevent the rebellion. The re MoreIn the present study, by examining the belongings of the rebellion, we framed the issues that lead man under the heading of internal and external motives in the path of rebellion. Then we went to the alternatives that directly or indirectly prevent the rebellion. The results of the research show that religion and knowledge have a negative effect on the interests of the Tyrants, the correct religion is circulating on the orbit of monotheism and does not accept the strain against non-god, and finally, Islam is a monotheistic and rational religion that started its activity by ordering to read. These are the issues that we are considered in studying the verses of the Qur'an with a descriptive-analytical and inferential approach. Manuscript profile -
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40 - Nationalism in Muhammad Alfituri’s Poetry
Leila Ghasemi Hajiabadi Parviz Lakzaeeyan FakoorMohammed Moftahh Rajab Al-Fituri is a major African poet with such an unprecedented sphere of knowledge and artifice who has praised revolutions and immortalized the free spirit of heroism in Africa and the Arab world. Alfiturihas composed odes on many causes covering L MoreMohammed Moftahh Rajab Al-Fituri is a major African poet with such an unprecedented sphere of knowledge and artifice who has praised revolutions and immortalized the free spirit of heroism in Africa and the Arab world. Alfiturihas composed odes on many causes covering Lebanon, Palestine, and Iraq wherein he calls upon nations to struggle for their freedom and to fight submission and slavery. Alfituriis a visionary who foresees the blessed occasion when amental restorationin the east would drive nations out of oblivion and misguidedness. Then nations would cry out loud the anthem of freedom and independence from all the pangs and anguish caused by a colonialism which has deprived them from their basic right in being alive and free. Self-sacrifice and martyrdom are the only path to freedom and glory. Alfituridenounces the failing submissive status quo inflicting the Arab world. Alfituri’s denial and rejection is not aimed at mere devastation, but he complains and yet demands a constructive approach to uproot the causes of underdevelopment and regression. All this springs from a compassionate concern for security, prosperity, and civilization. Alfituriemploys symbolism and irony in his nationalistic compositions to which he adds an aura of pain and pessimism in order to treat certain critical political causes. Manuscript profile -
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41 - The Comparison of Social Consensus in the Contemporary Arab and Persian Poetry
maryam saed vaghefi elaheh razaghi parviz Lakzaeian FakoorAbstract The high literature serve the community; and referring to the oldest ages of literature in human communities, we see that it’s an expression of a range of social and political systems prevailing in those ages, whether we followed Greek and Roman etiquett MoreAbstract The high literature serve the community; and referring to the oldest ages of literature in human communities, we see that it’s an expression of a range of social and political systems prevailing in those ages, whether we followed Greek and Roman etiquette in those eras or the pre - Islamic era or the eras of enlightenment in Europe. However, the researchers argue that the relation between literature and society became close since the modern era; and that is because of the conditions in which the community lives; as the spread of the press and the demise of illiteracy and scientific movements in human societies. From this viewpoint, this article reviews the study of social opinions between the two contemporary Arab and Persian literatures concentrating on three themes:" Status of women "and "women's freedom "and" poverty"; and a comparison among the views of the two great contemporary poets, i.e. Shawqi and Bahar, has been accomplished indicating the common and different aspects in their views and mentioning their expressing method. Manuscript profile -
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42 - Control of life of citizens and legal review by government agencies
هادی غلامرضاراوی محمود یوسف وندThe Quran people from suspicion and surveillance in the affairs of others The Quran people from suspicion and surveillance in the affairs of others. In this article we have tried to use the Quran and the adherence of the Innocents to answer these questions. 1. The gover MoreThe Quran people from suspicion and surveillance in the affairs of others The Quran people from suspicion and surveillance in the affairs of others. In this article we have tried to use the Quran and the adherence of the Innocents to answer these questions. 1. The government's view of how it should be? 2. Does the absolute prohibition of spying for the public and is In other words, prohibition of government intrusion, and interference in the affairs of the people, including ideas And freedom of expression, property and other matters to them? 3. The jurisdiction of the government's interference in the affairs of the people is to what extent? In response, the government must give the accused the benefit of the doubt and suspicion towards the state itself does not God forbid forbidden and therefore can not be generalized surveillance And the government to run the country and securing the right to investigate and audit matters discussed whether people thought And freedom of expression and assets and other matters is But this right is not absolute and non-interference in social work or a place that is conducive to intrigue Has the right to intervene and the ruling should be closely monitored on a permanent basis on social affairs. Manuscript profile -
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43 - Freedom of Citizens in the Internet from the View of Islamic jurisprudence and Law
Reza Ayazi Hossein Sharifi Batool PakzadThe purpose of the present study is to review how much citizens are free to express their ideas on the internet, from the view of Islamic jurisprudence and law. The method of study is descriptive-analytic and the results indicate that Islam respects "freedom of speech" MoreThe purpose of the present study is to review how much citizens are free to express their ideas on the internet, from the view of Islamic jurisprudence and law. The method of study is descriptive-analytic and the results indicate that Islam respects "freedom of speech" and has set its framework in some general aspects. The divine law which involves respecting the blessed name of God and His messenger should be considered in all aspects so every criminal act against that in the cyber space is regarded as a crime. From the view of Islamic penalty law, every criminal act that is recognized as a crime and the legislator has determined a penalty for that is involved in this framework so no one has a right to use the internet for such misconducts. Private rights are also included within these principles and no one has a right to use the internet to violate other people's privacy and deny their rights. Claiming rights is acknowledged for the loser part and the private rights of people in the cyberspace is quite respectable. Manuscript profile -
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44 - A Reflection on Favorable Civil Society Based on Social Justice from the View of Nahj ol-Balāghah
Maryam Barahooie Jahanshahi Mansour Amiradeh Jirkoli Reza HaghpanahThe purpose of the present study is to reflect on favorable civil society based on social justice from the view of Nahj ol-Balāghah. The method of study is descriptive-analytic and it aims to find an answer for this main question: What are the criteria for the formation MoreThe purpose of the present study is to reflect on favorable civil society based on social justice from the view of Nahj ol-Balāghah. The method of study is descriptive-analytic and it aims to find an answer for this main question: What are the criteria for the formation of favorable civil society based on social justice from the view of Nahj ol-Balāghah? The results of the study show that people's participation in political and social affairs, paying attention to freedom, the managers' reliance on models, and … are among the criteria for the formation of favorable civil society. Social justice is substantiated in society when all people reach their defined right and everyone can use natural and unnatural facilities according to his/her talents and qualifications. Many social disorders and deficiencies have a root in lack of social justice. Imam 'Ali (AS) by creating a model in leadership and management in Islamic system aimed to organize the elements of government based on religiosity and meritocracy. Manuscript profile -
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45 - Freedom and Human Rights from the perspective of Seyyed Ahmed Fardid Seyed Hossein Nasr
MohammaJjavad Sadipour Ali Darabi Ali MortazavianFardid, having invented and expanded the concept of westernization and split it into two types of non-double and double that are subject to the old and new, has had a great impact on the intellectual society of Iran. Freddie sees the Renaissance as the beginning of doub MoreFardid, having invented and expanded the concept of westernization and split it into two types of non-double and double that are subject to the old and new, has had a great impact on the intellectual society of Iran. Freddie sees the Renaissance as the beginning of double-harboring, because the domination of the subject matter or the originality of subjectivism is the result of evolutionism. Nazrine challenges the discourse of traditionalism or wisdom, the self-centered humanist subject that underlies modernity. The Nazarene is a modernist state with a Renaissance and a religious reformation centered on humanism against the Sunnah. In fact, two different philosophical views of humanism, with the definitions of human beings, are the heart of the anthropological way of thinking. These two, with their particular intellectual and philosophical system, seek the critique of Western modernity, and through this the central axis of modernity, which is humanism or self-founded subject, The focus on the views of these two philosophers on the face of modernity in terms of philosophical anthropology and the analogy of texts such as freedom and human rights as two modern concepts; against mystical definitions such as freedom of the heart and humanity with the sole of human freedom and responsibility In the face of God, instead of human rights It will. Manuscript profile -
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46 - The Effect of Shahīd Bihishtī’s Ummat and Imāmat (Nation and Leadership) System in Compiling the Constitution
sajjad Panahi Ali MohseniThe purpose of the present study is to explain the key role of Wialī-i Faqīh (Islamic jurist) in guiding a democratic Islamic society. In this regard, the main research question is whether Shahīd Bihishtī’s Ummat and Imāmat theory could have explained the position MoreThe purpose of the present study is to explain the key role of Wialī-i Faqīh (Islamic jurist) in guiding a democratic Islamic society. In this regard, the main research question is whether Shahīd Bihishtī’s Ummat and Imāmat theory could have explained the position of Wilāyat-i Faqīh with respect to people’s right to choose their own destiny. The method of study is descriptive analysis and the results showed that Shahīd Bihishtī as a propagator of religious thought could design divine freedom as the important goal of Iran’s Islamic revolution in compiling the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran and within the framework of the nation’s divine rights, and then he implemented that as an efficient software in social life and the main axis of Iranian-Islamic power execution. Since materialistic schools especially liberalism, with the slogan of individual and social freedom, attract public and elite as it also had some fans among the western members of the Assembly of Experts who compiled the constitution, Shahīd Bihishtī supporting the Islamic principles criticized the intellectual resource of liberalism and revealed the superficial nature of freedom in liberalism and he regarded that without any divine origin or source and considered it as a drawback and shortfall for this materialistic school. He believed that freedom has a Godly source and is manifested with absolute awareness. Manuscript profile -
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47 - Explaining the Concept of Freedom in the Ideology of Āyatullāh Bihishtī, the analysis of Principles and Limitations Based on MacCallum Model
MohammadReza AbdolAhnasab Maghsoud RanjbarThe purpose of the present study is to explain the concept of freedom in the ideology of Āyatullāh Bihishtī based on MacCallum model. Thus, with respect to the fact that freedom in the ideology of Shahīd Bihishtī is of two inner and outer aspects, the main research ques MoreThe purpose of the present study is to explain the concept of freedom in the ideology of Āyatullāh Bihishtī based on MacCallum model. Thus, with respect to the fact that freedom in the ideology of Shahīd Bihishtī is of two inner and outer aspects, the main research question investigates how his attitude to freedom is analyzed based on the triplet criteria in McCallum model (actor, obstacle, and objective). This research relies on the hypothesis that although Shahīd Bihishtī pays more attention to inner freedom than outer freedom, he nevertheless attempts to analyze the former as an introduction to the latter and thereby making a bilateral tie between them. The method of study is descriptive analysis and the results showed that his approach to the elements of McCallum model is under the influence of his priority to inner freedom. Contrary to the western thinkers whose definition of freedom has no regard for the internal source of freedom, Shahīd Bihishtī in the three aforementioned criteria pays special attention to the inner aspect of freedom and thus his purpose of freedom is not classified just within the modern approach to freedom. Manuscript profile -
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48 - The Total Attitude towards Political Freedom in Islamic Thought
seyed Kazem Seyed BagheriThe present research aims to reach a comprehensive understanding and total attitude to Islamic thought of political freedom. A descriptive-analytical research method is used. The results show that all internal and external realms of political freedom are considered in I MoreThe present research aims to reach a comprehensive understanding and total attitude to Islamic thought of political freedom. A descriptive-analytical research method is used. The results show that all internal and external realms of political freedom are considered in Islamic thought of politic and it emphasized that if a man is entangled by temptation, he will not experience political freedom fully and will be entangled by power and wealth. Being spelled by these two, he ignores this divine gift, serves for the tyrants, and obeys them as well. If there is justice in a society, freedom will be there as well. All justice leads to freedom but not all freedom leads to justice. Manuscript profile -
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49 - Islamic Human Rights According to Ayatollah Khameni’s Viewpoints
Seyyed Sajjad IzdehiThere is no universal understanding concerning human being and various schools of thought have presented different views toward human being based on their be MoreThere is no universal understanding concerning human being and various schools of thought have presented different views toward human being based on their belief presumptions. Consequently, human rights can be studied based on the kind of the viewpoints toward human being. Although the human rights have always been clarified based on the approved principles and norms, there is no universal understanding in this regard. The materialistic schools, which have a limited background concerning the issue of the human rights in their society, try to globalize their reading of this concept, and they reproach the others who do not follow this western reading. Beyond the western view, the religion of Islam, which has a long history in considering the human rights, provides a comprehensive view based on human’s material and spiritual needs and makes appropriate recommendations to this end, which naturally differ from the western human rights. Considering the most basic components of the human rights, such as the human dignity, freedom, the right to life, the rights of women and respect for the beliefs of others, Islam has provided solutions for considering the human rights based on recognition of the human needs as stated in the religious instructions. Although, Islam has a similar reading about these elements as the western reading, it suggests different solutions for their realization. Manuscript profile -
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50 - Democracy, Freedom and Secularism in the Eyes of Imam Khomeini (ra)
زهرا صداقتی نیا محمد قدرتی مقصود رنجبرThis article tries to describe and elucidate political thought of Imam Khomeini (ra) and in order to make processes of freedom, democracy and secularism as he had in his mind. No doubt, his ideas are broad-based, integrated and logical and their elements are organically MoreThis article tries to describe and elucidate political thought of Imam Khomeini (ra) and in order to make processes of freedom, democracy and secularism as he had in his mind. No doubt, his ideas are broad-based, integrated and logical and their elements are organically related to one another. Considering political development is one of the approaches to attain typical community concerned to Imam (ra). What is accepted is to pay attention to democracy and approval of what the majority believes in the ideas ruling over the regime. Founder of Islamic Republic of Iran by expressing that he is not opt to impose something on people of Iran, nor are Islam and Prophet (s) permitted to do so referred to likely similarity of his concerned democracy to the western type of democracy and clarified: “the democracy we want to establish is not available in west. Democracy of Islam is more complete than that of the west. “Category of freedom as primary right of mankind has been accepted in this government. Imam Khomeini (ra) believed: “There is freedom in Islam for all walks of life. Basis is national freedom and independence.” Of course, he made it clear that: “Freedom remains limited according to law; freedom ceases to mean that whoever says whatever he wishes to say.” Islamic Republic is a government based on freedom and democracy in the framework of Islam. In secularism, the followers envision that religion and anything with sanctity and spirituality must be set aside from social activities and relations. Therefore, vision and religion are placed exclusive and limited to personal matters and they are incompatible with categories of politics and society. This stream of thought must be originally sought in the positions taken by the west against religion. Manuscript profile -
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51 - The Issue of Freedom in the Discourses of Principlists and Reformists
Sayyed Abolfazl Hosseini‐Zade Sayyed Mohammad Ali Hosseini‐ZadeThe present paper answers the following questions: What readings do the political discourses of Principlism and Reformism present about freedom, how do they differ&n MoreThe present paper answers the following questions: What readings do the political discourses of Principlism and Reformism present about freedom, how do they differ and why does the scope of freedom in either one of the two perspectives seem different? What is the position of freedom in Imam Khomeini’s political discourse? In the post‐revolutionary Iran, it was the jurisprudential political discourse that could gain the upper hand in presenting its own interpretation of freedom and was accepted by the majority of people, and after its division into the two political discourses of principlism and reformism, it demonstrated two different readings of the issue of freedom. The first hypothesis and answer by the present paper is that the division depends on the perspective that each of the camps may have on the concept of republic. The perspective, which gives more color to Islamism and Divine legitimacy in the phrase Islamic Republic, naturally pays more attention to the authority of an appointed ruling jurist; in some way, that perspective considers religion as the cornerstone and freedom as resulting from it, and interprets freedom within the framework of Islamic canon law. Contrarily, the other perspective, which seeks to highlight the republic in the phrase, naturally focuses more on the meaning and concept of freedom and deems freedom fundamental and even it explicates the popularity of the canon law on the basis of freedom. Manuscript profile -
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52 - Freedom in the Qur’an: Exploring Possibility or Impossibility
Sharif Lakzai Najmeh KeikhaSome people believe that freedom is a modern concept and there is no track to be found in the Islamic texts concerning this concept. According t MoreSome people believe that freedom is a modern concept and there is no track to be found in the Islamic texts concerning this concept. According to these people, the freedom in the world today, has originated from the thinking of the modern Western society, and it has been absent in the Muslim community. Moreover, even if it is assumed that it is possible to discuss the concept of freedom in the Holy Quran, there is extreme scarcity in this regard in the Islamic literature and teachings.Therefore, we cannot provide literature concerning the issue of freedom and discussing freedom in such texts as the Qur’an remains impossible. Meanwhile, there are other viewpoints in this regard which state that it is conceivable to talk about freedom in the Qur’an, without looking for counterparts among the modern discussions. . On the one hand, the concept of human freedom has always been the most important concept for human being and therefore the most central text in Islam could not be silent about it; on the other hand, if the meaning and purpose of freedom is determined in the religious texts, we can reflect on the religious texts and investigate aboutthe presence of the elements and principles of freedom in the Qur'an. Freedom has been considered as a modern phenomenon and an achievement different from the former thoughts and world because the forms and manifestations of freedom has changed but the theme of freedom has always been important. The present article deals with the possibility and impossibility of freedom in the Qur’an and tries to discuss some of the main points in this regard. Manuscript profile -
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53 - The Comparative Reading of Sam Shepard and Akbar Radi’s Selected Plays: An Existential Reading
Hossein MoradiThe philosophical problems of modern society have been a concern of many playwrights. One of the reasons for Akbar Radi's fame in Iranian literature is to address such issues. In the United States, Sam Shepard is also a well-known activist. Questioning about human ident MoreThe philosophical problems of modern society have been a concern of many playwrights. One of the reasons for Akbar Radi's fame in Iranian literature is to address such issues. In the United States, Sam Shepard is also a well-known activist. Questioning about human identity and individuality, as well as the relationship of the theatrical character with others, his relationship with society, freedom and desire to acquire desires, are among the topics seen in Shepard and Rady's plays. This article examines these existentialist concepts by comparing Shepard's True West, Buried Child, Rady's Night on the Wet Pavement and Mr. Gill's Magnificent Smile. In each group of plays, the authors reflect the lack of identity, disruption of relationships with others, desires, social responsibilities, and freedom of action. By examining and comparing the selected works of these two authors, in both completely different Eastern and Western societies, the social situation in the emergence of the mentioned philosophical concepts is similar in many respects and, except for a few debatable exceptions, are completely in line. This article aims at a comparative study of these two groups of plays with a view to the existentialist philosophy of Jean-Paul Sartre, and finally proves the disappearance of concepts of identity, inability to communicate in society, isolation and the disappearance of the concept of freedom in society. The purpose of writing this article is to investigate and compare the philosophy of existentialism in the selected works of Rady and Shepherd and to find common themes despite the cultural and geographical differences in them. This research is based on the school of comparative literature. Using a comparative approach in analyzing literary works and other works of art with each other leads to a deeper understanding of the works and erasing the boundaries between literary and artistic works. Manuscript profile -
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54 - Freedom in the Epic Poems of Mahmoud Darwish and Ahmed Shamlou According to Jean Paul Sartre's viewpoints
Sara Ghiasi Babak Farzaneh Abdolhosien Farzad Sayed Ebrahim DibajiThe concept of freedom is one of the most frequent concepts of modern epic poetry, which has found different meaningful dimensions due to the extensive social and political developments. With the growth of philosophical schools, especially the philosophy of existentiali MoreThe concept of freedom is one of the most frequent concepts of modern epic poetry, which has found different meaningful dimensions due to the extensive social and political developments. With the growth of philosophical schools, especially the philosophy of existentialism, the concept of freedom became one of the most important categories in contemporary life, and the humanistic and existentialist approach provided the ground for intellectual and social revolutions. Jean-Paul Sartre, French philosopher, one of the founders of existentialism had crucial role on the existential thoughts and had deep effects on the thoughts of literary writers. Mahmoud Darvish, Palestinian resistance poet, and Ahmad Shamloo, Iranian contemporary modernist poet, are prominent poets whose poems reflect the concept of freedom, the study of their poems reveals their philosophical an existential dimension. The present study with a glance to Sartre's theories, tries to do a comparative study of Darwish and Shamloo's ideas about freedom, in order to analyze the similarities and differences between their poems and express the manifestations of Sartre's thought in the viewpoint of these poets. According to the present study, the concept of freedom in the attitude of Shamloo and Darwish has a philosophical dimension that is not limited to individual freedom and includes the whole society. The concept of freedom in their worldview, is consistent with the categories of precedence existence over the nature, apprehension and responsibility, negation of metaphysical forces, the instability of nature, and the relationship between death and freedom in Sartre's theory. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Existentialist Freedom in Modern Arabic Novel: The Case Study of the Novel Our Fingers that Are Burning by Soheil Edris
Khalil Parvini Sadeq Ayenehvand Majid Mohammadi BayazdiFreedom is one of the most fundamental principles of Existentialist Philosophy. This philosophy refuses the difference between human and his freedom while having absolute approach to freedom principle –it does not mean anarchy. Sohayl Edris's novels reflect MoreFreedom is one of the most fundamental principles of Existentialist Philosophy. This philosophy refuses the difference between human and his freedom while having absolute approach to freedom principle –it does not mean anarchy. Sohayl Edris's novels reflect many principles of this philosophy such that they had great contribution in developing this literary school as a philosophy with complicated language in Arabic world and this novelist is one of the greatest promoters of Existentialism in Arabic literature. The novel Our Fingers that Are Burning as the last part of his "al-solsiah" (The trilogy) is one of his most expressive works in representing existentialist freedom. The author has dedicated the most part of the novel to description of the issue. This novel features a symbol of an existentialist hero who cries existentialist freedom slogan according to severe need of Arabic human to it in this society. The present study is to discuss issue of this freedom in the novel and to represent its features relying on descriptive and analytical method. The results show that the hero's most important mission of the novel is promotion of absolute existentialist freedom i.e. he refuses whatever which is against absoluteness of freedom. But he does not mean anarchy and dissoluteness when speaking of this kind of freedom. Of course signs of responsibility and commitment are seen in it. Hence, the hero of the story struggles with a kind of existentialist angst for its accomplishment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Spiritual Freedom and the Ways to its Achievement in Poetry of Mikhaeel Naeeme
Sardar Aslani Afsane Khaje GudariFreedom is one of the most beautiful words in human glossary and in West it means behavior control with people's complete will and volition , to which in Islamic thought the rights of God being added. Freedom is two type: 1) social freedom which means that MoreFreedom is one of the most beautiful words in human glossary and in West it means behavior control with people's complete will and volition , to which in Islamic thought the rights of God being added. Freedom is two type: 1) social freedom which means that human is free in his/her social and individual behaviors, meaning that other people don’t prevent him/her to reach to his/her goals by imprisoning him/her and/or exploiting him/her. 2) spiritual freedom which refers to human spirit so that the spirit be free from negative and deterrent obstacles. There is a strong relationship between spiritual freedom, the one who achieves spiritual freedom also will realized the social one, too. In this article we study the theories of Naeeme about Utopian or ideal freedom and the ways which he guides liberal human to achieve them in his works in an analytical-descriptive way. We try to illustrate the obstacles of reaching freedom. The main purpose of this research is to analyze the quality of Naeeme's suggestion for reaching spiritual freedom. We chose this topic according to the high position of Naeeme and his valuable views concerning human and his freedom and his guidance toward desirable moral traits and his prevention from moral vices and his specific attention to freedom. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Analysis of the Concept of Freedom in Safadi’s Works and Comparing Them with Sartre
Ahmad Reza Heidarian Shahri Monir ZibaeiExistentialism is a so-called philosophic and literal movement based on personal freedom, responsibility as well as relativism. In this philosophy in which individual is a building block of any positive changes, his fate and freedom are emphasized. Pre MoreExistentialism is a so-called philosophic and literal movement based on personal freedom, responsibility as well as relativism. In this philosophy in which individual is a building block of any positive changes, his fate and freedom are emphasized. Prevalence of this philosophy through literature, led Syrian writers to focus on existentialist thoughts and express such issues as freedom in decision making, choice, responsibility and commitment in literature. Mata Safadi was inclined to this philosophy more than other writers and was affected by Sartre and his existential thoughts especially his revolutionary positions about personal freedom. Thus, Safadi considers human as responsible for his fate and the only constructor of his values who should realize his freedom by relying on his nature. Along this he doesn’t deny relationship with others completely but admit it in a particular framework. He believes that collective commitment doesn’t remove human individuality but only cover his negative traits and existential contradictions. In the present paper it was tried to study the concept of freedom in Safadi’s viewpoint by comparative-analytical method and indicate that to what extent this Syrian writer is affected by Sartre thoughts in his writings in expressing freedom concept and how this effectiveness is manifested in his works. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Freedom in Yusuf Al-khal’s Poetry
Hasan Goodarzi Lemraski Ali Moftakharzadeh Ayoub HeydariFreedom is one of the greatest and highest human values and of necessities of life and evolution that all nations have wanted its realization. The word freedom dates back to human history and it has found criterion and rate through indicators such as truth-seeking, just MoreFreedom is one of the greatest and highest human values and of necessities of life and evolution that all nations have wanted its realization. The word freedom dates back to human history and it has found criterion and rate through indicators such as truth-seeking, justice and human's existential growth and defines its own limits and is manifested in literature of different nations in various forms. Freedom in contemporary Arabic Literature is proposed in different ways especially existentialistic freedom origin of which is human's knowledge and wisdom that were revealed in Salah Abd-al Sabour's and Adonis’ poems. This inquiry is going to investigate and analyze this concept in the thoughts ofYusuf Alkhal, contemporary modernist Syrian poet, from political, social and existential perspective as he has been tired of Zionist's oppression and believes that freedom will not be achieved without effort, great suffering and sacrifice. He sees social freedom as establishment and stability of freedom in society as far as people's presence will be provided in various areas and is an existentialist whose thought’s main and axial issue is man and his concerns. His thinking and thought is focused on freedom for reaching the truth and power of reasoning is the most important basis of freedom and considers it as a tool for reaching true freedom. Manuscript profile -
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59 - Commitment in Abdol Vahab Bayati's Poems
Salahedin Abdi Leila Asgari Committed literature involves poet or writer's concerns in their specific social, political and national situations . Among its features it talks about the reality of living writer, and the circumstances that surround it . There is no doubt that More Committed literature involves poet or writer's concerns in their specific social, political and national situations . Among its features it talks about the reality of living writer, and the circumstances that surround it . There is no doubt that the value of poetry stems from the way dealing with the topics of life , particularly the crucial issues in the lives of human rights and the subject of literature and committed literature appear to refuse the idea of art for art. Abdul -Wahab al-Bayati, who is one of the poets of the school of realism in Iraq began to publish poetry collections to reveal his feelings to show his devotion. His poetry is filled with the spirit of rebellion and revolution and to call for freedom and smashing past idols. In his poems he not only talks about human poverty and tragedy, but also the tragedy of all human being. Bayati believed in the role of words and its role in change and revolution and in his odes has used man myths such as Prometheus who is the symbol of rebel. In his poems he also has revived historical and popular characters. As the result this paper discusses the notion of commitment from political , religious,and social perspective. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Poetry Style in the Constitution Era
Seyed Ahmad Hoseini KazerooniConstitutional Revolution caused new concepts, which had not been common before, to emerge, revolutionizing, in turn, the social and political institutions. These changes transformed the mental structures of those social classes that were the new audience in these trend MoreConstitutional Revolution caused new concepts, which had not been common before, to emerge, revolutionizing, in turn, the social and political institutions. These changes transformed the mental structures of those social classes that were the new audience in these trends. This discourse led to entire changes in the meaning and language of poetry. Thus, those words and combinations, announced time and place, and events that had not been employed in traditional poetry, entered poetry, and, as a result, changed its overall style. The social changes of this era brought a new life into the Persian literature. These newly emerged literary works were, in fact, in a way or other, capturing the western civilization not being captured by it. Manuscript profile -
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61 - Khatun hessari A survey on : women’s rights and their social status Based on the “Mathnavis works” in “Leily & Majnoon” and “Khosro & Shirin”
miresmaeel Ghazi ShirazWomen are actually our sisters, mothers, daughters and our “spouses” . From our perspectives (men), they are considered as the noblest, loveliest, most attractive and most “decent” humans on Earth. We, thus, accept no miss-conception, mistrust re MoreWomen are actually our sisters, mothers, daughters and our “spouses” . From our perspectives (men), they are considered as the noblest, loveliest, most attractive and most “decent” humans on Earth. We, thus, accept no miss-conception, mistrust regarding them. Since very old days, there have existed different opinions as regards women’s liberation and their equality of “Rights” with men. Unfortunately the origin of this misjudgment, and misinterpretation have been based on , somehow, unjust evaluation , in other words the misconception of so-called superiority of “man over women”. If this very ill-supposed implication is not justified, all men’s endeavor will presumably be misguided, and lead to social ambiguities. Nezami, in two of his Mathnavi’s works has successfully illustrated woman’s social status. He believes that Leily suffers from her family’s unfair and Arab ethnic tradition; while Shirin was trained and grown in fairly liberal, Iranian and Armenian culture. The conflicting characters of these Two women have been illustrated the Iranian poetry. Nezamy, has artistically illustrated the Iranian woman’s life; specially her freedom to select her spouse (husband) this is the most fundamental right for each person. Manuscript profile -
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62 - The Concept of the "Freedom, Holy Quran, Slave & Liberal", in the Thoughts and Poems of Iqbal-e-Lahore-ri
gholam MohammedThe present article describes "The Concept of "Freedom, Holly Quran, Slave & Liberal;” in the thoughts and poems of Iqbal-e- Lahore-ri to the readers. Each word of the above-said itself is a topic indicating Iqbal's message. This was a message at Iqbal's time MoreThe present article describes "The Concept of "Freedom, Holly Quran, Slave & Liberal;” in the thoughts and poems of Iqbal-e- Lahore-ri to the readers. Each word of the above-said itself is a topic indicating Iqbal's message. This was a message at Iqbal's time for the Indian Muslims and Indian people to make India free from the British rulers. The words of Iqbal represent also a message for the coming generations and to all freedom fighters of the world. It should be mentioned that a quoted line of Iqbal’s poetry: در جـهـان نـتـوان اگر مـردانـه زیسـت همچون مردان جان سپردن زندگیست -“If you can not lead a manly life,/ To die like a man is itself life”- contains the famous words of Imam Hussein (Peace Be Upon Him) and Tipu Sultan of Mysore-India. Manuscript profile -
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63 - science in the of Adib-ol-mamalek farahani
Mazaher Mosaffa Abbas Saadati Whatever makes the literature of constitution era excellent from the other farsi poem era belongs to the new contents a fit .the poem of Adib-ol-mamalek is the full reflection of political and social conditions of constitution period. Because of the fast c More Whatever makes the literature of constitution era excellent from the other farsi poem era belongs to the new contents a fit .the poem of Adib-ol-mamalek is the full reflection of political and social conditions of constitution period. Because of the fast changes of constitution era he is not indifferent to the political and social affairs and changes in the country. He can not be a resident of 'ivory tower'. Adib-ol-mamalek is one of the classic of this period .he tries to explain social and political contents in the form of ode - quasida -, fragment, couplet poem, multiple poem, return-tie composite-tie. In this survey for subjects such as: freedom mother country law science . have been studied in the poem of Adib-ol-mamalek. The result shows that science and knowledge words in comparison to the other words have more reflection in Adibs poetry ignorance has been blamed very much as well. Finally ignorance fighting of Adib is a good stimuli for the awareness of the public. specially when this in the form of satire facetiae so it makes people think about it. Manuscript profile -
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64 - Design of a Dynamically Balanced 2-DOF Planar Parallel Manipulator using Four-bar Legs
Amin Poursafar Meisam Vahabi -
Open Access Article
65 - A study of factors Affecting principals empowerment in Eizeh schools
سعید رجایی پور احمد شعبانی محمد نیاز پور ذیلاییPrincipals empowerment is a way of improving educational organizations and integrating individual and organizational goals .this study aimed at discussing and clarifying the subject, while emphasizing factors such as enhancing positive attitude towards work, self contro MorePrincipals empowerment is a way of improving educational organizations and integrating individual and organizational goals .this study aimed at discussing and clarifying the subject, while emphasizing factors such as enhancing positive attitude towards work, self control, reinforcing self-esteem, job commitment, motivation and freedom of action. A descriptive and survey research method was utilized. The statistical sample included all 150 school principals in Eizeh during 1386-87 (s.c.) academic year from which 105 principals answered the questionnaire. The data gathering instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire including 50 items based on Likert scale, and its Cronbach,s alpha coefficient was estimated o.88. Both descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, and variance) and inferential statistics (one- variable t test, Hotellingt. Variance analysis and Tuky test) were utilized to analyse, the research data. The findings indicated that all of the considered factors contribute to principals empowerment. The reinforcement of positive attitudes towards workplace and freedom of action have the highest and lowest impact respectively. Considering demographic variables, the results indicated no significant difference between the view points of elementary and secondary school principals. There was, however, significant differences among principals opinions with regard to sex and level of education Manuscript profile -
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66 - Educational teachings and doctrines Of Sufis
Jamshid Sadri Nahid JianiThe ultimate goal of the Sufi’s educational teachings and doctrines is to train human to achieve perfection. In addition to the individual dimension, in this regard, the social and cultural dimensions are also emphasized. Thus, people can know their true position in the MoreThe ultimate goal of the Sufi’s educational teachings and doctrines is to train human to achieve perfection. In addition to the individual dimension, in this regard, the social and cultural dimensions are also emphasized. Thus, people can know their true position in the universe, adorn with good attributes and deeds, and find the best way for good living. Recognizing that the human soul is unique in every moment, he/ she will respect time. Because man has not stopped in the past, the hatred and enmity, envy, hatred, gossip, slander, and other moral vices will not have the opportunity to emerge. This study aimed to investigate the Sufis teachings’ social achievements such as self-purification based on moral teachings and time situation, socialization, public service, cooperation and altruism, philosophy and freedom education, business, and etc. Also, this study answered to this question: whether Islamic mysticism leads to isolation and separation of the individual from society? Manuscript profile -
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67 - The Free slave (A Study on Connection between Freedom and Slavery in Islamic Mysticism and Divan of Hafez)
maryam navvabi ghamsariAlthough freedom and slavery are opposite concepts, they have real connection with each other in Islamic mysticism. Freedom and slavery have degrees and in any degree of devotee’s travelling and behavior, he achieves a portion of it and at the end finds out the re MoreAlthough freedom and slavery are opposite concepts, they have real connection with each other in Islamic mysticism. Freedom and slavery have degrees and in any degree of devotee’s travelling and behavior, he achieves a portion of it and at the end finds out the real concept of slavery and freedom. Hafez states this in his Divan clearly and indicates that freedom is the result of true slavery manifestation. Hafez belives that there is just one way of slavery. He named it ‘lovely slavery’ which gives freedom to man. A Lover is a free man that releases himself from all limitations by slavery and becomes a free slave. This article examins some of sufia and mystic beliefs in terms of mental bases of connection between freedom and slavery in Islamic mysticism, it also studies lovely slavery concept, degrees of it and its relation with freedom from Hafez’s point of view. Manuscript profile -
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68 - Analysis of Human Dignity and Freedom in Islamic Mysticism and Sharia with Emphasis on Privacy
Hossein Yari marzieh Pilevar Ali Hossein EhteshamiHuman dignity is one of the most important issues in the field of philosophy, law, ethics and mysticism; Because this issue is the basis and source of many human rights, privileges and duties. Human dignity is considered as a right or a set of inalienable rights and the MoreHuman dignity is one of the most important issues in the field of philosophy, law, ethics and mysticism; Because this issue is the basis and source of many human rights, privileges and duties. Human dignity is considered as a right or a set of inalienable rights and the basis of human rights that the Islamic society is obliged to observe. If this principle is ignored and there is no practical commitment to its effects, values such as freedom, privacy, justice and equality will lose their meaning. According to the verses of the Qur'an and the hadiths, the basic principle of human dignity is that no one has the right to enter the privacy of another human being without permission, except in special cases where a valid rational or narrative reason indicates its permission. Having privacy or the right to privacy is one of the houses emphasized by mysticism and is one of the sources of self-knowledge and theology. Examining the verses and hadiths that have been narrated to prove human privacy, it is obtained that the principles and legal requirements in the field of human privacy include: providing security, freedom, peace and protection of dignity, human dignity, sense of responsibility and duty, the sanctity of man is moral commands and prohibitions, and since according to the noble verse: (Esraa / 70) Ashraf human beings are creatures and worthy of respect. Naturally, his dignity, honor and security must be preserved. On the other hand, the protection of these matters requires that his privacy not be violated, so God Almighty has forbidden anything that requires the violation of human privacy. Manuscript profile -
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69 - بررسی قدرت و هویت در اثر ازدواج بوستونی دیوید مامت
Fatemeh Azizmohammadi Fatemeh Ghiasvand Mojgan Yarahmadiدر این تحقیق قصد داریم به مسائل و موضوعات مربوط به قدرت و آثار جامعه شناختی آن در اثر دیوید مامت تحت عنوان ازدواج بوستونی از دیدگاه میشل فوکو بپردازیم. قدرت در هر جایی جریان داشته یا آنچه بوده که به صورت زنجیره عمل کرده به طوری که قدرت عامل سرکوب نبوده بلکه عامل تولید ب Moreدر این تحقیق قصد داریم به مسائل و موضوعات مربوط به قدرت و آثار جامعه شناختی آن در اثر دیوید مامت تحت عنوان ازدواج بوستونی از دیدگاه میشل فوکو بپردازیم. قدرت در هر جایی جریان داشته یا آنچه بوده که به صورت زنجیره عمل کرده به طوری که قدرت عامل سرکوب نبوده بلکه عامل تولید بوده و لذا از آن به عنوان قدرت زیستی یاد می کنند. چنین هویتی از طریق مناسبات اجتماعی شکل می گیرد که افراد کنترل کمتری روی آنها دارند.در همین راستا محوریت بحث پیرامون همین مفاهیم قدرت،هویت، فردیت و آزادی ارتباطی قرار گرفته است. بنابراین شخصیت های ممت در نظام اجتماعی وفرهنگی خاصی زندگی می کنند که به هویت آنها شکل و حالت می دهند. نتایج تحقیق حاکی از آن است که به چه نحوی ممت دراثرخود دیدگاه های فوکو در رابطه با مسائل جنسی به عنوان ابزار اعمال قدرت زیستی را بکار می گیرد تا افراد را بدین ترتیب تحت کنترل و نظارت قرار بگیرند.تحقیق حاضراین موضوع را نشان می دهد که افراد سعی می کنند با استفاده از روش ها و فنون خود، در برابر قدرت حاکم تا حد زیادی مقاومت کنند. هر چند آزادی ارتباطی آنها در عمل متاثر از عوامل فرهنگی بوده که آنها نیز به نوبه خود در رژیم حقیقت گفتمان حاکم قرار دارند. شخصیت های ممت نه تنها متاثر از هر موجودیت از قبل تعیین شده نبوده بلکه خود محصول همین رژیم حقیقت می باشند. لذا آن کنترل انضباطی که روی جسم و روح آنها صورت می گیرد از یک سو باعث مطیع شدن آنان شده و از سوی دیگر نیز فردیت آنها را بوجود می آورد. Manuscript profile -
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70 - Modeling, simulation and analysis of a multi degree of freedom aircraft wing model
Xueguang Bia Yucheng LiuThis paper presented methods to determine the aerodynamic forces that acton an aircraft wing during flight. These methods are initially proposed for asimplified two degree-of-freedoms airfoil model and then are extensivelyapplied for a multi-degree-of-freedom airfoil sy MoreThis paper presented methods to determine the aerodynamic forces that acton an aircraft wing during flight. These methods are initially proposed for asimplified two degree-of-freedoms airfoil model and then are extensivelyapplied for a multi-degree-of-freedom airfoil system. Different airspeedconditions are considered in establishing such methods. The accuracy of thepresented methods is verified by comparing the estimated aerodynamic forceswith the actual values. A good agreement is achieved through the comparisonsand it is verified that the present methods can be used to correctly identify theaerodynamic forces acting on the aircraft wing models. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Does Economic Freedom Affect Stock Returns? (Case study: Selected Countries of the Organization of the Islamic Conference)
Aram Sepehrivand Abolghasem Hashemipour Isa Taheri -
Open Access Article
72 - A Comparative Criticism of Women's Freedom in poetry of Soad Al-Sabah and Simin Behbehani
Mohsen Saifi Ali Asdipour Sajad IsmaeliFreedom, women's rights has been an important issue in the last seventy years that was implicated more than ever in much of the literature, especially poetry of such a period. Simin Behbehani, the Iranian poet, concerned the issue of women and women's rights anywhere in MoreFreedom, women's rights has been an important issue in the last seventy years that was implicated more than ever in much of the literature, especially poetry of such a period. Simin Behbehani, the Iranian poet, concerned the issue of women and women's rights anywhere in his poems .On the other hand, Soad Al-Sabah the Kuwaiti renowned poet, was one of the vanguards of women's rights in the East of the seventies. This study intended to review the feminine expressions of Soad Al-Sabah and Simin Behbehani poems via implementing a critique comparative approach. Both the poems considered the traditional attitudes of the men, and some other social problems and constraints as obstacles of women freedom. Both the poems were so dissatisfied of in and out house division of labor and sex discrimination. They also declared the right to express love sentiment, playing training and educating roles and … as demonstrating indices of women freedom. Manuscript profile -
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73 - The Theme of Satire in Zakaria Tamer’s Short Stories
Mahmoud Abdanan Mahdizade Kamran Soleymani Hadis AsadiAmong areas in which ‘satire’ could be used to address the reality is literature because men of letters could reveal the reality with their own words, and writers and poets in various countries use it to express their intents. Regarding the effectiveness of MoreAmong areas in which ‘satire’ could be used to address the reality is literature because men of letters could reveal the reality with their own words, and writers and poets in various countries use it to express their intents. Regarding the effectiveness of satire on reflecting the faults and people’s inhumanity of a society in a piece of writing, whether politically or socially, it could be recognized that the language of satire is more eloquent and impressive than those of other literary devices. One of the men of letters that has uncovered the painful truth of his society and the Arab world with satire is Zakaria Tamer, that has dedicated his life to fighting against the disasters of his time illustrating the political and social problems artistically and creatively. This study focuses on the theme of satire in the Arab world concerning three subjects, i.e. poverty and poverty gap, freedom and fight against tyranny, and criticism and ridicule, as well as on analyzing his viewpoints on the subjects in his short stories. Manuscript profile -
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74 - A Survey on the Concept of Freedom in poems by FaroukiYazdi and AbolghasemAlshaby
Abdolreza Modareszadeh Zainab Khoramaabadi Arani Aboozar Ghasemi Arani Hassan Sefareshi BidgoliThe concept of freedom has beenexpressed in different ways in differentcultures and societies. This expression has a special place among African and Asian nations such as Iran &nb MoreThe concept of freedom has beenexpressed in different ways in differentcultures and societies. This expression has a special place among African and Asian nations such as Iran tasting the bitter sense of despotism and colonialism.Poets in such nations have constantly used their poetic and gentle soul to cry for freedom and they have played an important role to inform people of their rights. FaroukiYazdi and A. Alshaby are both have been introduced as “liberal poets”. The concept of freedom in their verses are expressedand definedwith words like freedom, law, resistance against colonialism, dictatorship. Authors in this paper have tried to introduce and study the two poetsin a comparative ways as liberal literary writers whose poems are enriched with expressions of freedom. Consequently, this study shows that the word and concept of freedom has a special place in their poetry. The only difference and exception between these poets is that the concept of freedom has more varied range of meaning in FaroukiYazdi’s poetryincomparison with Alshaby’s. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - The Concept of "Escape" in Desert, A Novel by Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clezio
Elham SajadiThe heroes of Le Clezio novels escape from themselves and the unfavorable conditions around them each in some way; an escape not for reaching the pleasant materialistic and living conditions rather they wish wholeheartedly to return to their own essence & origin &nd MoreThe heroes of Le Clezio novels escape from themselves and the unfavorable conditions around them each in some way; an escape not for reaching the pleasant materialistic and living conditions rather they wish wholeheartedly to return to their own essence & origin – to their source and first home i.e. their own "self". And by this excuse they wish again to find refugee in the origins from which they had escaped. The identity crisis is one of the main axis of all Le Clezio's novels. The heroes of his novels hate their alien identity and the mask which wear on their face and are looking for their real identity each in some way. In the present paper, we try to fall in step with "Lalla", the hero of "Desert"; and we enter her world with herself. She who is annoyed, sick and tired of living amidst the stone, steel and asphalt, busy streets, high buildings and skyscrapers finds the only way of freedom and peace in returning to the desert. By studying the feelings, memories and loneliness of the hero and other characters and their sorrow in exile, we understand the concept of "escape from oneself" for them. It's noteworthy that today returning to the self is one of the important issues for the thinkers and researchers. In this query we try to examine different aspects of "Escape" for Le Clezio especially in his novel "Desert". Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - The relationship between justice and freedom in Mohammadreza Hakimi's political thought
Bahram Akhavan kazemi Mona hamidinasabJustice and freedom are the basic concepts of human society, and the relationship between these two has always been the focus of political science thinkers. What is more than the case analysis of these problematic concepts, is the analysis of these two concepts in relat MoreJustice and freedom are the basic concepts of human society, and the relationship between these two has always been the focus of political science thinkers. What is more than the case analysis of these problematic concepts, is the analysis of these two concepts in relation to each other, which has become the place for different opinions and different schools. One of the thinkers of the present age who does not consider the issue of justice as the basic axis of a religious society to achieve happiness is Mohammad Reza Hakimi. He, who is a follower of the separation school, put the center of gravity of his thought on the element of justice and considers all the political, social and economic relations of the Islamic government to be affected and consistent in the way he interacts with this element. What the author's opinion suggests is to examine the position of this element in relation to another concept such as freedom. Why, as societies become more complex, it becomes more difficult to talk about justice, freedom, and the relationship between the two in various areas of social life and macro-social structures. The importance of this issue raises the need to pay attention to Islamic and indigenous thoughts, which can pave the way for drawing a road map that is more suitable for the life and political life of Islamic societies. Based on this, in response to the question, what is the relationship between these two components in Allameh Hakimi's view? It can be said that in his view there is a direct and consistent relationship between the two elements of justice and freedom; In such a way that if there is no freedom, it will not be possible to achieve justice. Manuscript profile -
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77 - The concept of freedom in the thought of Mirza Fath-Ali Akhundzadeh
fardin moradkhaniFreedom is one of the most important concepts of the new era. In Iran's constitutionalism, the importance of this concept was realized from the very beginning and words were said about it. Among the people who spoke about freedom, intellectuals are very important. They MoreFreedom is one of the most important concepts of the new era. In Iran's constitutionalism, the importance of this concept was realized from the very beginning and words were said about it. Among the people who spoke about freedom, intellectuals are very important. They tried to define freedom and point out its importance and talk about its types. Mirza Fath-Ali Akhundzadeh, as one of the great intellectuals of that period, has reflected on the concept of freedom. It cannot be claimed that he had a coherent thought about freedom and pointed out its various aspects. However, he has said precise words about freedom and while pointing to two types of freedom or two principles of freedom, he has said the reason for their absence in Iran and the way to acquire them and he has addressed some examples of freedom, including freedom of opinion, freedom of the press, and freedom of women Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - Recognizing the Impact of Fluctuations in Foreign Exchange Rates and Interest Rates on the Index of Economic Freedom in Iran
marjan meymandi somayeh shokravi Akbar Bagheri -
Open Access Article
79 - A Comparative Study of Belief in Human Freedom in the Thoughts of William Blake and Rumi
Zahra Iranmanesh One of the fields of study in comparative literature is the study of subject matter, position, literary expression and the like in the works of poets. The main aspects of comparative study are subject and thought and feeling. The aim of this research is to compare More One of the fields of study in comparative literature is the study of subject matter, position, literary expression and the like in the works of poets. The main aspects of comparative study are subject and thought and feeling. The aim of this research is to compare the human belief in freedom in Blake and Rumi's poems with a descriptive-analytical method. To understand the connection between world and Iranian literature and the extent to which different writers are influenced by each other, it is necessary to conduct global comparative studies. In this research, the thought of Rumi and Blake in poetry is important and is examined. In this study, it has been concluded that Blake's calm spirit is not completely compatible with the situation of the society of his time and shows his attitude towards the freedom of these spirits. Kingdom, materialism and scientism, unity of existence and attention to the inner world of man and imagination are among the signs of the Iraqi style that exist in Rumi's poems, and these signs can also be seen in Blake's poems. Rumi's freedom is mystical and individual and is expressed by leaving worldly belongings and spiritual and personal attachments. In contrast, Blake's freedom is social and political. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - A 21-Degree of Freedom Modeling and Dynamic Analysis of an Iranian Railway Coach
Hamid Tavakoli Javad Alizade KakalorThis paper presents modeling and dynamic analysis of a high-speed railway coach with the aim of calculating the critical hunting speed. A heuristic nonlinear creep model was used to derive the nonlinear coupled differential equations of motion for a high-speed railway c MoreThis paper presents modeling and dynamic analysis of a high-speed railway coach with the aim of calculating the critical hunting speed. A heuristic nonlinear creep model was used to derive the nonlinear coupled differential equations of motion for a high-speed railway coach. The degree of freedom considered for the vehicle was 21 (21-DOF). The derived equations were solved using MATLAB software. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - A Study of the Characters of J. K. Rowling’s Harry Potter Based on Erich Fromm’s ideas of Positive Freedom and Love
فائزه هرمز نژاد ایوب دبیریAbstractThis research studied J. K. Rowling’s Harry Potter and the Order of Phoenix, Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows based on Erich Fromm’s ideas of positive freedom or acceptance of freedom. Based on Fromm&rsq MoreAbstractThis research studied J. K. Rowling’s Harry Potter and the Order of Phoenix, Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows based on Erich Fromm’s ideas of positive freedom or acceptance of freedom. Based on Fromm’s ideas in Escape from Freedom, Harry and his friends are spontaneous and free individuals who move to positive freedom stage. In his Art of loving Fromm explores the ways which lead to this stage. He believed that love and productive work are the ways leading to self-independence and integration. On the other hand, self-destruction is the negative freedom which destroys self-integration. Love according to Fromm is giving, not receiving and the mature love is the one which is accompanied with care, responsibility, respect and knowledge and ultimately leads to integration. This research studied Harry Potter novels which are about a boy who didn’t misuse others and friends while he was undoubtedly popular in magical world and he not only protected them but also scarified his own life when he understood the truth that the defeat of Voldemort was dependent on his own death. He chose love and sacrifice in contrast to Tom Riddle who had changed his identity to Voldemort because he hated common things and names. He did not have any real friends, posed power in the worst destructive ways, tortured others and murdered them because he considered them as threats to his own goal of reaching immortality. Manuscript profile -
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82 - Investigating the Impact of the Liberal Thought on the Constitutional Revolution
mohammad mehdi roshanfekr reza moeini roudbaliIn a situation where the weaknesses of the Qajar dynasty were more indicative of a theoretical vacuum in the political sphere, the introduction of technology and technical products of the western civilization into Iran, without the entry of intellectual spheres and cult MoreIn a situation where the weaknesses of the Qajar dynasty were more indicative of a theoretical vacuum in the political sphere, the introduction of technology and technical products of the western civilization into Iran, without the entry of intellectual spheres and cultural products, seemed impossible. For this reason, new ideas came to Iran. Concepts such as law, liberty, parliament, and at the top of all liberalism entered into Iranian political literature in such a context. In dealing with Western civilization and seeing the remarkable differences of this alien creature, Iranians came to a different understanding of themselves and their society that was very different from the past. This distinction and a change in attitudes towards culture, politics and society are well seen in travelers' travels, travels and travels themselves. The point to be considered in these writings is their position on their culture and Western civilization. The result of the first acquaintances are the prescriptions they are giving to the treatment of their own pain, one of the most important of which was the transfer and promotion of liberalism and the attempt to rule it in Iran. This research is grateful for answering this question. How much was the liberal thought as one of the most important thoughts in Iran in the Qajar era and how did it affect the formation of the constitutional revolution? Google Translate for Business:Translator ToolkitWebsite Translator Manuscript profile -
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83 - New research on social security of the Reza Shah era (with emphasis on socio-political liberties)
siavash shahrivar soheyla torabi farsani Ali Reza Abtahi Syavash ShahrivarIn this research, the explanation and analysis of the status of social security of the first Pahlavi era has been studied. The reign of Reza Shah, due to the government's attempt to establish a modern state and the expansion of Westernism, and the efforts of Reza Shah a MoreIn this research, the explanation and analysis of the status of social security of the first Pahlavi era has been studied. The reign of Reza Shah, due to the government's attempt to establish a modern state and the expansion of Westernism, and the efforts of Reza Shah and his intellectuals along with him to gain political legitimacy by linking the Pahlavi monarchy to the ancient kingdoms of Iran, is an era of effective and timely formation of intellectual foundations Iran is new. Meanwhile, nationalism, which was consolidated as one of the main ideologies of the modernization process, was conquered by the victory of the Constitutional Revolution in the political and cultural contexts of Iran, played a central role in the intellectual changes of the first Pahlavi era. The first Pahlavi government made changes In various areas of Iran's social life, among these changes, were the changes that took place in the field of social security and subsequent social insecurity. In Iran, despite efforts made in the era of Reza Shah, modernization did not lead to the creation of a modern and developed society. This article seeks to understand the causes of social insecurity, which was created in the first Pahlavi rehabilitation programs, and to answer the question of what constitutes the consequences of the Pahlavi era policies for social security and the solutions to social security in the first Pahlavi era. The research method used in this research is a descriptive method to better analyze the historical information obtained. Manuscript profile -
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84 - A new look at providing social security during the Reza Shah era (with emphasis on socio-political freedoms)
siavash shahrivar soheyla torabi alireza abtahiIn this study, social insecurity in the politics and practice of the first Pahlavi is briefly discussed. Reza Shah's efforts and policies to establish a modern government and the expansion of comprehensive modernization (economic, social, political, etc.) at a basic and MoreIn this study, social insecurity in the politics and practice of the first Pahlavi is briefly discussed. Reza Shah's efforts and policies to establish a modern government and the expansion of comprehensive modernization (economic, social, political, etc.) at a basic and clear stage It is the history of Iran that, by linking the first Pahlavi government with modern ideologies (nationalism) and historical backgrounds (archeology), was able to create important actions and policies in that time frame. Although this modernization and populism could have positive functions in the field of security and its components in the political and social sector, but it also paved the way for fundamental and dangerous social insecurities, which we seek to explain and analyze in this article. This article seeks to identify the causes of social insecurity created in the first Pahlavi modernization programs and to answer the question of what consequences the policies of the first Pahlavi era had for social security and what were the social security strategies in the first Pahlavi era. The research method used in this research is a descriptive method through which the obtained historical information can be better analyzed Manuscript profile -
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85 - A comparative study of social justice and freedom from the point of view of Rashid Reza and Seyyed Qutb
shahla darabpour Reza Shaabani Samgh Abadi Javad HERAVISocial justice has been one of the prominent concepts among Muslim thinkers in the 20th century. Simultaneously with the growth and expansion of socialist ideas and the prevailing discourse of social justice, Muslim thinkers also theorized about social justice. Seyyed MoreSocial justice has been one of the prominent concepts among Muslim thinkers in the 20th century. Simultaneously with the growth and expansion of socialist ideas and the prevailing discourse of social justice, Muslim thinkers also theorized about social justice. Seyyed Qutb and Rashid Reza were two Muslim thinkers who theorized about social issues and their adaptation to Islam. This research was conducted with the aim of comparative analysis of social justice and freedom from the point of view of these two thinkers. According to the findings of the research, some political concepts are linked with the concept of social justice in Seyyed Qutb's thought, the most prominent of which are freedom, equality and human rights. According to Seyyid Qutb, the rules of social justice, freedom and equality are important issues that Islam has established and obliged people to follow. Seyyed Qutb based his reform vision for the society on the basis of the realization of social justice and his main goal was that achieving the foundations of Islam, applying its legitimacy and implementing the foundations of Islam will lead to the realization of social justice. Mohammad Rashid Reza also deals with social justice in most of his thoughts about governance. Therefore, in the sense that both consider the implementation of justice in society to be due to the Islamic political system, there is affinity between them, but it should be noted that Seyyed Qutb spoke more clearly about freedom and social justice. Keywords: Seyed Qutb, Mohammad Rashidreza, social justice, freedom. Manuscript profile -
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86 - Ferdowsi's Shāh-nāmeh as a reflection of the Sāmānids dynasty
javad harveAssociate professor, Islamic Azad University Talking about Shāh-nāmeh and its creator puts one to the peak of Iranian culture and literature. The verses of Shāh-nāmeh, epical composition, makes one feel proud. There may be a lot of studies carried on this great work; h MoreAssociate professor, Islamic Azad University Talking about Shāh-nāmeh and its creator puts one to the peak of Iranian culture and literature. The verses of Shāh-nāmeh, epical composition, makes one feel proud. There may be a lot of studies carried on this great work; however, no one has ever studied how and under what condition it was created. What were the aims and purposes of the composition of the work? Can this great epical work be limited to nationalist and religious frames? Accepting the fact that Shāh-nāmeh has endured the test of time, as predicted by Ferdowsi himself, and that it gives a heavenly impression of Iranians' spirit, one question has remained unanswered : To what extent did the period in which Shāh-nāmeh was created affected its creation? Realizing the need for new research, we have tried to study the effects of the Sāmānids era, especially the effects of the Sāmānids statesmen' scholarship, on Ferdowsi. Doing so will enable us to say that the Sāmānids era can be called the era of knowledge and knowledge production movement Manuscript profile -
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87 - Some of the historical development of ancient Persia
hosien elahiWith the advent of Zoroastrianism, the evolution of ideas and Community-based instruction and data occurred on this wise Where the equality of man, his freedom and the role of speech and opinion Krdar Iranians living Nick as a basic income and that was the reason rather MoreWith the advent of Zoroastrianism, the evolution of ideas and Community-based instruction and data occurred on this wise Where the equality of man, his freedom and the role of speech and opinion Krdar Iranians living Nick as a basic income and that was the reason rather Iranian society. Self-esteem and respect for the individual and social progress and development of society and to spread within the political, economic, social and emotional provided. Iranians history on this test, which was founded on the basic questions and answers to create a happy life and love for all people and especially their efforts in their geographic area and education of their children based on the dynamics of self-respect, to add community Home and family and ethnic groups are respected and world affairs based on social justice and fight against ignorance and ignorance among all human beings based on their nd were convinced that this is converging and the divergence of human civilizations were around and justice and security and freedom to all people and all they asked for. and committed to human freedom in thought and thought and came to respect his wishes. Manuscript profile -
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88 - Immanuel Kant's Apollonian Peace or Friedrich Nietzsche's Dionysian War
Mohammad Nasiri Garineh Keshishyan Siraki Seyed Ali Mortazavian FarsaniIf we consider Apollo as a symbol of systematicity, rationality and order, Kant intends to rule peace in the world with a systematic strategy based on rationality. Kant believes that war should be considered as the last solution with the utmost respect for human life an MoreIf we consider Apollo as a symbol of systematicity, rationality and order, Kant intends to rule peace in the world with a systematic strategy based on rationality. Kant believes that war should be considered as the last solution with the utmost respect for human life and dignity. to be War should only be used when all other means of conflict resolution have been exhausted. On the other hand, if we consider Dionysus as a symbol of drunkenness, passion and breaking taboos, Nietzsche considered morality as a human structure that has been used throughout history to suppress and control people. Therefore, peace is a sign of weakness and degeneration and a product of herd mentality. Real strength comes from conflict and struggle. Struggle with the rules that modernity has dominated human life with the view of pure rationality and its product has become a machine human. Nietzsche considered peace to be a necessary part of life, but on the condition that it is based on power. Understanding what and formulating the criticism of these two thinkers on peace and war and how they interpret it is the central issue of this article. Nietzsche believed that peace is not an end in itself, but a means to an end, and argued that peace is necessary for the development of higher forms of culture and civilization, but it should not be pursued at the expense of creativity and progress. Manuscript profile -
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89 - Critical Analysis of the Foundations of Inequality in Jean-Jacques Rousseau's Political Philosophy (with Emphasis on the Second Discourse)
saeed eslamee Amirmasoud Tadayon fatemeh soleymani pourlak Amin Moezi DailamiOne of the most significant political philosophers who devoted his works to the problem of inequality is the French Rousseau. In his famous article "A Discourse on Inequality", he claims that the first historical cause of inequality is private property. Therefore, this MoreOne of the most significant political philosophers who devoted his works to the problem of inequality is the French Rousseau. In his famous article "A Discourse on Inequality", he claims that the first historical cause of inequality is private property. Therefore, this research with the theoretical framework of radical democracy, Moff, tried to answer the question of what theoretical basis is based on Russober's hypothesis. What is Rousseau's solution to get out of the crisis of inequality? The result of this research shows that Rousseau's assumption is in line with the criticism of the teachings of the Catholic Church, Locke, especially in the theoretical criticism of Hobbes in Leviathan. There are three main axes: criticism of the natural state/natural law, strong opposition and weak and the nature of sovereignty is stable, and Rousseau's solution to the crisis of contract relies on freedom, which will lead to the unity of contract. Manuscript profile -
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90 - The Place of Freedom in the Political Philosophy of Isaiah Berlin
Soheila Naderi Zarneh Mohammad Tohid Fam Ahmad Bakhshaishi Ardestani Ali Akbar AminiThe main purpose of this article is to explain the place of freedom in the political philosophy of Isaiah Berlin. The main question of the article is what is the place of freedom in the political philosophy of Isaiah Berlin? In response to this hypothesis, it has been s MoreThe main purpose of this article is to explain the place of freedom in the political philosophy of Isaiah Berlin. The main question of the article is what is the place of freedom in the political philosophy of Isaiah Berlin? In response to this hypothesis, it has been suggested that in Isaiah Berlin's political philosophy, freedom is the most important component in countering tyranny. The results of the present article show that due to the existence of tyranny in different societies, especially in the third world, different masses must use different tools to achieve freedom in order to eliminate tyranny. In fact, from Berlin's point of view, freedom is the main obstacle to tyranny. The type of research method in this article is fundamental in terms of purpose and analytical in nature and based on library studies. Manuscript profile -
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91 - The Study of Citizenship Rights with Emphasis on Freedom of Expression in Jurisprudence and Law
Seyed Mojtaba Hakim Ali Faghihi Seyed Hossein EbrahimianCitizenship rights are exactly the same developed natural rights in the context of modern social life in the recent and contemporary century, in a sense the basic elements of citizenship rights supervise absolute, permanent, fixed, and objective human rights, and hence, MoreCitizenship rights are exactly the same developed natural rights in the context of modern social life in the recent and contemporary century, in a sense the basic elements of citizenship rights supervise absolute, permanent, fixed, and objective human rights, and hence, any human beings in this respect in a governing justice do not have superior over others, and citizenship rights are generally regarded as a single spirit that manifests themselves in the form of different statutes, not in the form of some separate articles that consist of a specific legal issue. Citizenship rights in regard to the issue can be divided into two main categories in the constitution; including fundamental rights and social rights that consist of political, administrative, economic, cultural, and judicial rights. Citizenship rights are studied and analyzed by the library and analytic methods in this research. Manuscript profile -
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92 - Comparison of efficacy of EMDR and EFT in PTSD woman Patient Who Recovered from Covid-19
Mohammad Akbari Alinaghi Aqhdasi Amir Panahali Massoumeh Azmodeh Reaza Naghdi sadehThe purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of two treatment methods of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and emotional Freedom technique (EFT) in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder in women who have recovered from the dise MoreThe purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of two treatment methods of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and emotional Freedom technique (EFT) in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder in women who have recovered from the disease of Covid-19 in Tabriz. The present study was quasi-experimental based on a pretest-posttest design with a control group.The statistical population included all female patients recovered from Covid-19 aged 25 to 60 years in Tabriz in 2021. Thirty-six recovered female patients sampled using the purposeful sampling method and diagnosed with PTSD were randomly assigned to three groups, experimental group 1 (n=12), experimental group 2 (n=12) and The control group (n=12). Participants in EMDR and EFT sessions were treated individually and weekly in six 45 min sessions.The control group followed their normal daily schedule. All participants were evaluated in two pre-test and post-test stages by a post-traumatic stress disorder checklist. Data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 22) using the analysis of covariance. Post-test PTSD scores were significantly reduced in two experimental groups (P <0.05). Both EMDR and EFT psychotherapies relieved the symptoms in PTSD patients. However, according to the post-test results, EMDR intervention was more effective than EFT psychotherapy in reducing PTSD symptoms. Additionally, a reduction in PTSD scores in the EMDR group was substantially more significant than in the EFT group. Results suggest greater use of EMDR for PTSD symptoms. Manuscript profile -
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93 - Explaining the Wisdom of Apostasy Punishment with an Approach to the Purposes of the Law
akbar sajediAlthough the attainment of human intellect is unlikely to be the cause of corrupting and destroying sentences in most of the issues, the explanation of the wisdom of the judgments can be the basis for their acceptance. The execution of the apostate is one of the fiqh la MoreAlthough the attainment of human intellect is unlikely to be the cause of corrupting and destroying sentences in most of the issues, the explanation of the wisdom of the judgments can be the basis for their acceptance. The execution of the apostate is one of the fiqh laws that have created many challenges. It would seem outrageous to consider primitive Islam to condemn humanity for changing its belief in death. Many answers have been given to the apostasy defense by scholars who have considered the apostasy, and some have also considered the wisdom of execution. By presenting a new classification of answers, the author has tried to reveal the hidden angles of the discussion. Therefore, the present article examines the relationship between the death penalty and the triple elements of Sharia law, freedom of thought and mercy, and concludes that this ruling is from the angle of the purpose of preserving religion, guaranteeing freedom of thought and manifestation of mercy God is about apostasy. Manuscript profile -
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94 - Wife Occupation and the Role of Husband's Permission
godarz eftekhar majid davoodiWith the occurrence of marriage, marital relationship begins between husband and wife and so a family forms. Furthermore, through this contract, the parties obtain some rights and duties for respecting each other. One of the issues in this regard is employment or occupa MoreWith the occurrence of marriage, marital relationship begins between husband and wife and so a family forms. Furthermore, through this contract, the parties obtain some rights and duties for respecting each other. One of the issues in this regard is employment or occupation of the wife. Basically, if there is mutual understanding and agreement between husband and wife about her occupation, she does not worry so much about her job. But, if the husband disagrees with employment of the wife, we can resolve the problem of wife having a job by referring to religious laws and reviewing legal principles. Although the constitution and civil law have realized the principle of the freedom of wife occupation, the existence of some limitations in civil law has caused some obstacles in the practice of the above mentioned principle. Manuscript profile -
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95 - Providing an Effective Model for Optimum Performance of the Islamic Councils of Cities (Case study of Tabriz Islamic City Council)
Gholamreza Memarzadeh Tehran Nader BohlouliThe present article primarily provides an effective model for optimum performance of the Islamic councils of cities according to fuzzy theory. In this dissertation, the Islamic councils of cities have been supposed as an open organizational system which has four main ac MoreThe present article primarily provides an effective model for optimum performance of the Islamic councils of cities according to fuzzy theory. In this dissertation, the Islamic councils of cities have been supposed as an open organizational system which has four main activities as follows: intra-organizational, inter-organizational, extra-organizational and individual activities. In fact, the proposed model is an optimized proportion of these activities which maximizes the satisfaction of council beneficiaries (clients as direct recipients of services and society as indirect receiver of services).(Of course the 4th activity has been assumed as the research limitation, so it has not been studied). In the proposed Model, at first a fuzzy system has been offered for acquiring the favorable satisfaction of council beneficiaries (outputs) on the basis of the types of activities and their combination (inputs); then different types of city Islamic councils' functions have been considered using different tools for gathering the information of Tabriz Islamic Council according to the available theoretical framework and conforming to diverse activities mentioned before have been estimated in the form of the rate of concentration upon activities and satisfaction of clients of the councils. At the end of the present dissertation, on the basis of the optimized model and the real function of the council, the gap between available and ideal situation has been figured out, and finally, suitable suggestions have been offered for the improvement of the existing conditions. Manuscript profile -
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96 - Analyzing and Comparing the Prominent Elements Including Nature, Imagination and Freedom in Literary Works by Lord Byron and Simin Behbahani with a Focus on the Relationship between and among These Elements
Farzad Rostami Morteza RashidiRomanticism is an important move in the history of art and global thinking. In the present study, nature, imagination, and freedom have been selected from among the significant elements of romanticism based on the high frequency in the poems by Lord Byron and Simin Behb MoreRomanticism is an important move in the history of art and global thinking. In the present study, nature, imagination, and freedom have been selected from among the significant elements of romanticism based on the high frequency in the poems by Lord Byron and Simin Behbahani. Taking the relationship between and among these elements into account, it could be seen that the tendency towards nature, imagination and freedom play basic roles compared with the other elements of romanticism. The results of a comparative analysis of the aforementioned elements show that, although different in terms of geography, history, culture, and gender, these two poets have some things in common which stem from a common understanding of the nature of romanticism. The results of the present descriptive-analytic study indicated that imagination is a basic issue linked with other poetic elements. Unlike Byron who cannot literarily configure freedom as a specific issue despite his great efforts, freedom could be found in Behbahani’s poems admiring woman as a gender. However, the relationship between these elements in the poem of both poets similarly show that nature is an eternal source for imagination while showing freedom whereas the very imagination represents the freedom of soul and thought in romanticism. Manuscript profile -
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97 - Analysis of the Nature and Concept of Freedom and Patriotism in the Poems of Aref Qazvini and Abolqasem Lahouti
Ayoob Kooshan Roya Chehrebarghi Rostam Amani AstmalOne of the most attractive themes in the literature of the constitutional era, which trapped the minds and language of that era's speakers, is the concept of freedom and patriotism. What they had never noticed before, and if they talked of liberty and patriotism, it was MoreOne of the most attractive themes in the literature of the constitutional era, which trapped the minds and language of that era's speakers, is the concept of freedom and patriotism. What they had never noticed before, and if they talked of liberty and patriotism, it was a purpose other than the ideas and aims of the contemporary art poets.In the present study, we analyze the nature and concept of freedom and patriotism in the poems of ArefQazvini and AbolqasemLahooti. The research dimensions of ArefQazvini and Lahooti, are about the words of the poems of the above poets, the purpose of this research is to extract and explain examples of its text that embody the concepts of freedom and patriotism. The statistical population and the sample size are the whole poetry of Aref and Lahooti. The research method is descriptive - analytic and the method of data collection is library. The data collection tool is the research fish and the method of data analysis is content analysis. The findings and results of this study are as follows: the emancipation of the people and the homeland from the yoke of the colonialists and the denial of tyranny, the patriotism and the liberty of the working class, the patriotism and the liberation of the working class, the rancor, the farmer and the poor, from the oppression whichwere imposed upon them by the masters and the rulers of the era. Manuscript profile -
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98 - Investigating how Reza Shah deals with the issue of modernity, Intellectuallity, and analyzing his cognitive behavior with intellectuals according to historical research and documents
Mehrab Hatami manizheh Sadri Simin Fasihi Nazli Eskandari nezhadIntellectuals are among the social classes that create new forms of social, political, and cultural patterns and there is no denying the power of their transformation in society. The most important of an intellectual is their critical and questioning spirit and they als MoreIntellectuals are among the social classes that create new forms of social, political, and cultural patterns and there is no denying the power of their transformation in society. The most important of an intellectual is their critical and questioning spirit and they also show a tendency to fight against the established powers. Its constituent forces can be clerics, journalists, teachers, professors, party activists, and artists. The main demand of these intellectuals was the establishment of a new European-style law system, the re-identification and national traditions of Iran, prohibiting clerics from interfering in politics and establishing new political institutions based on national sovereignty, and creating a modern national government. In examining the position of these forces in the era of Reza Shah, mostly the forces critical of the government and outside Reza Khani's political apparatus have intended to comment. Reza Shah's period is one in which important developments in the public and higher education, as well as movements in the modernization of the education system and higher education occurred in Iran. As a result, the enlightenment phenomenon manifests itself on a larger scale. The government's critical behavior eventually led to Reza Shah's strong reaction to them till the intellectuals were either imprisoned or attracted to Reza Shah's apparatus and due to the lack of public base, they were unable to make a significant impact on developments. In addition, Reza Shah was not optimistic about intellectual activities and that got the intellectuals out of the way individually, either organizationally or in groups Manuscript profile -
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99 - A Study of Iranshahr Magazine Discourse on Women
hamzeh hoseini Mohammad Reza AlamAfter the Iranian society became acquainted with Western modernity, various currents and groups tried to change the status and rights of women through various methods, including the publication of newspapers and magazines. In this article, we tried to examine the discou MoreAfter the Iranian society became acquainted with Western modernity, various currents and groups tried to change the status and rights of women through various methods, including the publication of newspapers and magazines. In this article, we tried to examine the discourse of Iranshahr magazine towards women. Thus, the main question of the present official is what was the approach of Iranshahr magazine's discourse to the category of women and what effect did it have on the discourse of the first Pahlavi government towards women? The findings of this study show that the governors of Iranshahr in the context of the transition of Iranian society from the Qajar government to the first Pahlavi government considered the transformation of women and their progress as one of the manifestations of the modern nation government and in Reza Shah's modern plans and reforms They focused on the important issues and provided solutions such as inclusive education and training of women, enacting laws to change the rights and status of women, combating the status and traditional views about women and also following the example of Western nations in some cases to improve the status. As one of the pioneering magazines in addressing the issue of women, they had a significant impact on the thoughts and views of Iranians on the rights and status of women and led to effective steps in the evolution of society and government towards women in the first Pahlavi period.Keywords: Discourse, Iranshahr, Women, Progress, Freedom. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - The Impact of Modern Understanding of Right in the Thought of the First Iranian Intellectuals in the Qajar Period
Alireza Bahrami Reza Shabani sina forozeshOver the past two centuries, with the advent of modern issues of the West to Iran,political thought has undergone many changes in many other aspects of the Iraniansciences, and in many respects it has diverged from its earlier foundations and hasturned to some controver MoreOver the past two centuries, with the advent of modern issues of the West to Iran,political thought has undergone many changes in many other aspects of the Iraniansciences, and in many respects it has diverged from its earlier foundations and hasturned to some controversy over the past. Has introduced.One of the first debates discussed at the beginning of the introduction of moderndiscussions in Iran is the question of natural law. It should be noted that this discussionwas never considered by the intellectuals of Iran due to conflict with Shi'ijurisprudential compounds before the Qajar period. But in the early period, the Qajargovernment was considered as the starting point for the introduction of moderndiscussions into Iran by the Iranian intellectual movement, and they were discussing itin the light of their Western patterns in this regard.In this research, which has been written by historical method and review of previousdocuments, the author examines the issue of the emergence of modern understanding ofthe question of right in Iran and investigates the works of the first practitioners of thisdiscussion and its effects on the first thought Iranian intellectuals have been analyzed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - the Influence of the Effective Shocks on Economic Growth in Iran with the Emphasis on Institutional Variables
Samin Sobhi Morteza Sameti Sara Ghobadi Majid SametiEarly economists have cited economic freedom as the basis for economic growth, and later economists have emphasized the role of inclusive political and economic institutions in creating and sustaining economic growth. The relationship between these two perspectives goes MoreEarly economists have cited economic freedom as the basis for economic growth, and later economists have emphasized the role of inclusive political and economic institutions in creating and sustaining economic growth. The relationship between these two perspectives goes to the concept that the economic freedom shapes by economic institutions. Proper institutional of countries not only contributes to the growth and prosperity of their economies, but can also increase the power of countries in the face of economic shocks. Identifying the institutions’ situation of countries can help to adopt appropriate policies by governments and the private sector. In this study, by generalizing a structural model of Iran's economy as it includes the endogenous institutional function, attempt to measure the effects of effective shocks on the macroeconomic structure of the country with emphasis on institutional variables. The results show that the increase in oil shock has had a positive effect on the country's economic growth and institutions. This study had done for the period 1349-1399 by using GMM and Svar methods. The result of estimating the structural model shows that improvement of the institutional environment has affected most of the important variables of the Iran's economy, so improving the quality of institutions leads to increase in national product and reduces liquidity. Also, damaging institutional factors is related with increase in government size and inflation. Most of the impulses considered in the study had a significant effect on economic growth and institutional status of the country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - Impact of Economic Freedom on the Development of Banking Sector in Iran
A. Shahabadi R. Davari KishAbstract The most important aspect of financial development is the banking sector that has significant impact on the process of equipping the savings, identifying investment opportunities and diversifying the risk. Economic freedom is a determinant factor in developing MoreAbstract The most important aspect of financial development is the banking sector that has significant impact on the process of equipping the savings, identifying investment opportunities and diversifying the risk. Economic freedom is a determinant factor in developing the banking sector. The increase of economic freedom provides the setting of financial resources equipment, strengthens the sense of bank deposit in general population to guide them for limited capital in productive activities. Hence, in this study, the impact of economic freedom index on the development of the banking sector in Iran during 1980-2011 will be discussed. The results represent that economic freedom and its components have a significant and positive relationship to the development of banking sector. Also, based on the results, the estimation of the impact of central bank foreign assets on monetary base and Real interest rate on the development of banking sector is positive and significant. Also, the effect of public sector debt to central bank on monetary base is negative but significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - Design of Robust Reset Controller Based on Optimal After Reset Performance to Improve the Performance of an Industrial Robot Control
Maryam Jeddi-Golfazani Mohammad Vahedi Majid GandomkarStandard PID controllers are one of the most desirable controllers for industrial automation and the most widely used control in feedback systems. However, linear controllers have limitations that represent­tation controllers can be used to overcome these limitation MoreStandard PID controllers are one of the most desirable controllers for industrial automation and the most widely used control in feedback systems. However, linear controllers have limitations that represent­tation controllers can be used to overcome these limitations. In this paper, a robust reset control based on optimal output feedback to control a robot with two degrees of freedom. In general, the behavior of reset controllers is similar to that of linear controllers, in other words, they are easy to implement. In this regard, in this paper, by introducing a special combination control called robust reset output feedback control, the disadvantages of the linear controller are eliminated and its main purpose is to reduce overexposure and increase the response speed and better stability of the controlled system. Therefore, this paper introduces a systematic method for reset optimal output feedback controller. To do this, an optimal output feedback controller is first designed without the reset action, so that the poles of the closed-loop system are located in a predefined area. This area is selected to ensure the stability of the exponential and the arrival time of the closed loop in a finite time. Then, the reset value at reset times is designed to minimize a cost-effective function for better performance. In this paper, for the first time, the reset value is specified only with the system output information and then the stability of the system will be guaranteed. The robot used in this article is a practical and industrial example that has two arms and two joints with separate control capability. The position and behavior of the arms based on the governing equations and mathematical relations indicate its direct effect on each other. Finally, to prove the proposed design, numerical simulation will be performed using Matlab software and a comparison between the proposed controller and a similar controller will be performed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - The Qur'an's encounter with slavery in the linear path of descent
ahmad rabbanikhah Farzad Dehghani mohammad alimohammadiOne of the main characteristics of the Qur'an in the struggle against the ignorant traditions is the gradual view of the linear path of revelation, and this is important due to paying attention to the requirements of the time, the audience, and ultimately the establishm MoreOne of the main characteristics of the Qur'an in the struggle against the ignorant traditions is the gradual view of the linear path of revelation, and this is important due to paying attention to the requirements of the time, the audience, and ultimately the establishment of rulings.One of these issues is the issue of slavery and the rulings related to it that the present study seeks to answer the questions with a descriptive-analytical method and library-citation collection tools, why the Qur'an did not suddenly order the release of slaves? And how does the Qur'an depict the freedom of slaves in the line of descent? The findings of the study indicate that the gradual sentence of slavery was issued based on the conditions of the society of that day to prevent the disruption of the economic, social and political order of the society of that day.The Qur'an's confrontation with slavery is divided into the first, middle and final stages. The first stage involves four steps: the enthusiasm for freeing slaves, loving and cherishing a slave, calling for equality between masters and slaves, and allowing slaves to marry free men. The intermediate stage consists of four steps: spending wealth to free slaves from good deeds, the social superiority of believing slaves over free polytheists, freeing slaves at the hands of the Holy Prophet (PBUH), Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - The Human Genome Project with an Approach to the Ethical Perspective and Human Freedom
Amirreza Mahmoudi Abbas Taghvaee Seyedeh Mahshid Miri BalajorshariIn this research, the results of the Human Genome Project (HGP) and the possible ethical problems it may cause were evaluated through concrete examples. The study has tried to reveal in detail how the social rights and freedoms, ethics, social norms, and values of the i MoreIn this research, the results of the Human Genome Project (HGP) and the possible ethical problems it may cause were evaluated through concrete examples. The study has tried to reveal in detail how the social rights and freedoms, ethics, social norms, and values of the individual will be affected and where the borders will begin and end in the event of the potential risks that HGP carries. Discussions have been made on the problem that the individual can be instrumentalized and turned into a commodity as a result of genetic interventions, and unfortunately, it has been determined that genetic interventions are in a structure that can lead to an intervention in the fundamental rights and freedoms of the individual. This study aims to show the usage areas of the human genome project and to examine the results of this project in terms of the ethical consequences of the techniques and applications used. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - Explaining the Role of Oil Price in Development (Beginning, Continuation and End) of Iran-Iraq War (Text in Persian)
Saeed Mirtorabi Mehrangiz Samiei Esmaeil RabieiThe observers and critics of oil and politics are of the belief that where ever there are oil reserve and war occurs، this war is certainly relating to oil. The imposed war of Iraq against Iran occurred between two major oil exporting countries in the Persian Gulf regio MoreThe observers and critics of oil and politics are of the belief that where ever there are oil reserve and war occurs، this war is certainly relating to oil. The imposed war of Iraq against Iran occurred between two major oil exporting countries in the Persian Gulf region، a region in the world which is famous for its enormous oil reserves. Taking into consideration the above fact one can find the link between this war with the wealth and oil revenue of the two countries and also the existing oil in the Persian Gulf region. The present article is trying to examine the relation between oil and the developments relating to commencement، continuation and the end of the war in a systematic and precise manner. The article also examines the impact of oil revenue and the consequences of the change in oil balance in the Persian Gulf after the victory of Islamic revolution on political situation and the calculations of Iraqi leaders and it shows how oil has helped the commencement of the war by Iraq. Likewise the article analyzes the role of oil in supplying the war expenditure and sustaining of economies of Iran and Iraq and the consequences of third oil shock، the intensification of oil tankers war، to show how these conditions had impact on continuation and later end of the war. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - Content Analysis of Peace in Shamlou's Poem (Case Study: Fresh Breath Book)
Sajad Mombeini masoud hajizadehmeymandi yasin khorampor This study investigates the peace concept in Shamlou's poem, with emphasis on Fresh Breath book. To this end, Content Analysis has been used. First, based on definitions of peace, this concept is classified in 3 classes: freedom, fraternity and reclamation. Also, More This study investigates the peace concept in Shamlou's poem, with emphasis on Fresh Breath book. To this end, Content Analysis has been used. First, based on definitions of peace, this concept is classified in 3 classes: freedom, fraternity and reclamation. Also, for more objectivity, based on Moean's dictionary, each of these items was classified in some classes and codes had divided between them. Results show that the peace concept exists in Shamlou's Poem, too much. In 61 poems of all poems, peace is identifiable. Majority of codes, i.e 47.3% of them, had situated in fraternity item. In conclusion, based on results of this research, we can know Shamlou as a peaceful poet that in his era, his poem is harbinger of freedom, friendship and fraternity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - Clustering Social Progress and its Impact on Economic Growth
hoda Rezaei Roshan ali rahmani Amir Mansour Tehranchian Reza Ali MohseniThe present paper intends to test the impact of these two variables of social progress and economic freedom on economic growth. Statistics related to the social progress, economic freedom and per capita gross domestic product in 128 countries are based on the Social Dev MoreThe present paper intends to test the impact of these two variables of social progress and economic freedom on economic growth. Statistics related to the social progress, economic freedom and per capita gross domestic product in 128 countries are based on the Social Development Index, the Heritage Foundation and the World Bank in 2017, and are used the methods of decision tree and multiple regression. The results of the decision tree method show that there are significant differences in the rate of social progress and economic freedom between countries with different revenues. Also, the results of multiple regression estimations in the study year show that the variables of social progress and economic freedom in these countries have been effective and have a positive and significant effect on GDP per capita. Thus, with the effectiveness of these indicators, society will come toward development and economic and social well-being, and this society will be an ideal society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - The Relation between Liberty and Justice in Ali Shariati’Political Thought
Hassan Abniki Maryam Danesh -
Open Access Article
110 - p1
Shirin Yadegari Rahim Khastoop1 -
Open Access Article
111 - The Position of the Concept of Revolution in Hannah Arendt's Political Thought
Seyyed Khodayar Mortazavi Erfan Ahangari -
Open Access Article
112 - A Comparative Glance at Thomas Hobbes and John Locke's Ideas on the Concept of Freedom
Khashayar Bourbouri Hosseinali Nowzari Reza Shirzadi -
Open Access Article
113 - Effecting of the hidden layers in Canadian political power
Khastoo Rastegari -
Open Access Article
114 - Fundamental Labor Rights in the light of The European Court of Human Rights
Seyed Behnam Mehrdel کارن روحانی Iraj Rezainejad -
Open Access Article
115 - Investigating the role of empowering the components of education and supporting women's freedom of action on the development of social security (Case study of Baluch women in Sistan and Baluchestan province)
Mahnour Raeisi Malektaj Khosravi The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of empowering the two components of education and supporting the freedom of action of Baluch women on social security in Sistan and Baluchestan province. The present research has been done by descriptive surve More The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of empowering the two components of education and supporting the freedom of action of Baluch women on social security in Sistan and Baluchestan province. The present research has been done by descriptive survey method. The data collection tool was a questionnaire and the statistical population of the present study consisted of 380 women in the province. After collecting data and analyzing the data, it was found that empowerment of Baloch women has an impact on social security in Sistan and Baluchestan province and it can be said that about 83% of changes in dependent variable, social security is expressed by independent variable, empowerment of Baloch women. . It was also found that the support of Baluch women has an impact on social security in Sistan and Baluchestan province and the rate of this impact was set at about 76%. And the awareness and education of Baloch women has a positive effect on social security in Sistan and Baluchestan province. The rate of this effect was about 72%. Freedom of action for Baluch women has an impact on social security in Sistan and Baluchestan province, which was about 80%. The results show that empowering Baloch women by increasing their education and awareness and developing their freedom of action in various social participations, will ensure social security in Sistan and Baluchestan province. Some components in the value and cultural system of the Baloch people can act positively in empowering Baloch women instead of being an obstacle. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - The ratio of the concept of good governance in the political thought
Mohammad Pourghorban hamidreza tabshiriToday, good governance is one of the central issues that has attracted the attention of political scholars and international institutions. Many international institutions, including the International Monetary Fund and the United Nations, have written indicators to this MoreToday, good governance is one of the central issues that has attracted the attention of political scholars and international institutions. Many international institutions, including the International Monetary Fund and the United Nations, have written indicators to this and introduce it to countries as a program. Therefore, this study seeks to answer the question of what is the relation between the good governance in the political thought of the Neshi and the indicators of the institutions mentioned. The main hypothesis of the present study is that, in the political thought of the Nasdra'i, these indicators are among the fundamental foundations of their intellectual and are essential principles in the formation of government in their thoughts. The findings of this study indicate that the political thought that emerged in the 40s and 50s and was manifested with the victory of the Islamic Revolution in the constitution on the subject of good governance and its principles for their infrastructure in jurisprudential and thought sources earlier. It has been the attention. It should also be noted that the present study is descriptive, analytical and used using a library method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - Predicting Perceived Organizational Bullying Based on Burnout of Ministry of Sports and Youth Employees: TheMediating Role of Organizational Maturity and Freedom of Expression
جلال شاملو علی محمد صفانیا سید صلاح الدین نقشبندی AbstractThe purpose of this study was to predict perceived organizational bullying based on burnout of employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth: The mediating role of organizational maturity and freedom of expression. The statistical population of the study w More AbstractThe purpose of this study was to predict perceived organizational bullying based on burnout of employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth: The mediating role of organizational maturity and freedom of expression. The statistical population of the study was all staff of the Ministry of Sports and Youth at 800 people. 243 people were selected randomly as a sample. Measurement tool was Maslow Professional Burnout Questionnaire (1981), Spillage and Holt Organizational Bullying (2001), and Amrollahi and Associates Freedom of Speech (1396). The face and content validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by 11 experts and the confirmatory factor analysis was used to confirm the validity of their constructs. The reliability of the questionnaires was also determined by a pilot study on 30 members of the community and by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Kolmogrov-Smirnov tests, one-sample t-test using Spss V23 and structural equation modeling using Amos version 23. The results of the research showed a positive and significant correlation between perceived organizational bullying and burnout (r = 0.57) and a reverse and significant relationship between perceived organizational bullying and expression (r = -0.42), and between freedom of speech and There is a burnout (r = -0.34) (Sig = 0.01). The results also showed that the variable of freedom of expression in the relationship between perceived organizational bullying and burnout has a significant mediator role. Attention to factors causing organizational bullying and freedom of expression can be effective in reducing the burnout of the staff of the Ministry of Sports and Youth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - Investigating the Factors Affecting Foreign Direct Investment Involvement with Emphasis on Institutional and Structural Variables in OPEC Selected Countries
Azin Sadat Ostadramezan Maryam Bazraei Mojtaba KarimiIn the new literature, the role of institution quality in economic development has been considered. The distribution of foreign direct investment, as well as how it is absorbed and its impact on the economies of the countries is strongly influenced by the quality of ins MoreIn the new literature, the role of institution quality in economic development has been considered. The distribution of foreign direct investment, as well as how it is absorbed and its impact on the economies of the countries is strongly influenced by the quality of institutions and the economic, political and host country's position. In the present article, the impact of institutional and structural variables on attracting foreign direct investment in the selected OPEC member countries is conducted using the Generalized Torque (GMM) dynamic panel method from 1998 to 2012. The results indicate a positive and significant effect of good governance and natural resources on attracting foreign direct investment. Also, the results of the model's estimation show that natural resources have a dominant influence on the relationship between direct governance and foreign direct investment; in other words, due to the impact of natural resources, good governance in selected OPEC countries does not facilitate the flow of direct foreign investment, but rather Reducing the attraction of foreign direct investment also Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - جدایی از طبیعت: دیدگاه بومی-منتقدانه نسبت به The Heart Goes Last
Fatemeh Golpaygani رویا Yaghoubi محمد مطیعیمقاله حاضر کتاب The Heart Goes Last (2015) اثر اتوود را از دیدگاه اکو انتقادی تحلیل می کند. دغدغه اصلی بوم نقد ایجاد رابطه نزدیک بین زبان طبیعت و زبان ادبی است. به همین ترتیب، گرگوری گارارد راههای جدیدی را بین انسان و محیط زیست در حوزههای فرهنگی در سال 2016 توضیح داد، Moreمقاله حاضر کتاب The Heart Goes Last (2015) اثر اتوود را از دیدگاه اکو انتقادی تحلیل می کند. دغدغه اصلی بوم نقد ایجاد رابطه نزدیک بین زبان طبیعت و زبان ادبی است. به همین ترتیب، گرگوری گارارد راههای جدیدی را بین انسان و محیط زیست در حوزههای فرهنگی در سال 2016 توضیح داد، اگرچه سه موج به سمت این رویکرد در دهه 2000 وجود داشت. به دست آوردن اطلاعات بیشتر در مورد جهان طبیعی نه تنها برای بحران زیست محیطی فعلی بلکه برای بلایای احتمالی در آینده بسیار مهم است. به این ترتیب، مردم در بسیاری از بخش های زندگی خود رویای طبیعت را می بینند که در رمان مورد بحث قرار خواهد گرفت. این رویاها تمایل درونی افراد را به محیط خود به عنوان بخشی اجتناب ناپذیر از زندگی نشان می دهد. جدای از طبیعت، فجایع قابل قبولی را در زندگی انسان به دنبال خواهد داشت. در همین حال، اتوود طبیعت را به عنوان نگرانی برای نگرانی های اکولوژیکی جهانی توصیف کرده است. نقش اکوسفر جدای از مفید بودن حیوانات در این مقاله نیز مورد تحلیل قرار می گیرد. از این رو، در نظر گرفتن تأثیرگذارترین عوامل بومشناسی به خوانندگان کمک میکند تا جهان را بهتر بشناسند و احتمالاً تلاش خواهند کرد رویکرد نظری را عملی کنند. Manuscript profile -
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120 - نشانه های آزادی در مجموعه داستان « مترجم دردها » و داستان کوتاه « این خانه مقدس » آثاری از جومپا لاهیری
Atefeh Lieaghat Fatemeh Azizmohammadi Mojgan Yarahmadiدر این تحقیق قصد داریم دو داستان کوتاه از مجموعه داستان « مترجم دردها » (1999) از آثار جومپا لاهیری را از منظر فیلیپ پتیت مورد نقد و بررسی قرار دهیم. لاهیری د ر آثارش زندگی مهاجرانی رابه تصویر می کشد که سعی دارند در کشورهای دیگر آزادیهای گمشده شان را حفظ نما Moreدر این تحقیق قصد داریم دو داستان کوتاه از مجموعه داستان « مترجم دردها » (1999) از آثار جومپا لاهیری را از منظر فیلیپ پتیت مورد نقد و بررسی قرار دهیم. لاهیری د ر آثارش زندگی مهاجرانی رابه تصویر می کشد که سعی دارند در کشورهای دیگر آزادیهای گمشده شان را حفظ نمایند. در این مبحث مفهوم آزادی برگرفته از نظریه فیلیپ نوئل پتیت می باشد. پتیت معتقد است که آزادی به معنای پدیده ضد قدرت, زداینده هر گونه بردگی و بندگی بوده و ما را به سمت کمال رهنمون می سازد. به باور این صاحب نظر هر فردی بر اساس اراده و اختیار خود آزاد است تا هر عمل یا کاری را انجام دهد و هیچ فرد دیگری نمی تواند در مقام ارباب یا رئیس در امور شخصی او دخالت کند. پتیت علاوه بر این موضوع، ضد قدرت را درمعنای عدم سیطره مطرح کرده است. درهمین ارتباط مقاله حاضر درصدد است به این موضوع بپردازد که چگونه شخصیت های این دو داستان بر اساس اعتقادات و خواسته های خود، مفهوم آزادی به معنای قدرت ستیزی را ابراز می کنند. این نظریه برای شخصیت های دو داستان کوتاه لاهیری تحت عنوان « مترجم دردها » و « این خانه مقدس » بکار برده شده است. نکته دیگر اینکه در اینجا می خواهیم به دلایلی بپردازیم که بر اساس آنها شخصیت های دو داستان تلاش می کنند در شرایط مختلفی به دنبال آزادی باشند.در این تحقیق با تمرکز بر شخصیت های اصلی دو داستان نشان می دهیم چگونه شخصیت هایی نظیر خانم داس و تویینکل سعی می کنند بر اساس دیدگاه و عقاید خود انسان هایی آزاد باشند. خانم داس کوشش می کند با بیان اسرار خویش خود را از قید بندگی و اسارت رها کندو تویینکل هم با نگهداری و حفظ اشیا مورد علاقه خویش ,سعی دارد تمامی تعصبات فرهنگی خود را کنار بگذارد و به آزادی برسد. بر این اساس پژوهش پیش رو سعی بر ان دارد تا نحوه شکل گیری نظریه آزادی پتیت را حول محور این داستان ها نشان دهد. Manuscript profile -
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121 - The foundations of freedom from the perspective of Islam with an emphasis on anthropological foundations
Muhammad MarefatFreedom in the social system, especially the religious society, has important benefits and effects by observing its limits and boundaries; In order to achieve such an ideal, the fundamentals of freedom from the point of view of Islam must be carefully analyzed and exami MoreFreedom in the social system, especially the religious society, has important benefits and effects by observing its limits and boundaries; In order to achieve such an ideal, the fundamentals of freedom from the point of view of Islam must be carefully analyzed and examined. The question of the current research is that according to Islamic teachings and philosophical and psychological realities, what are the foundations of freedom and what are its anthropological foundations? In this article, by adopting the descriptive-analytical method, it was clarified that the foundations of freedom are news propositions that are either self-evident or proven in other sciences and are used to determine the principles, goals, factors, methods, stages, and obstacles of legitimate freedom; Also, the foundations of freedom can be divided into three types: religious, scientific and philosophical. Based on induction, philosophical foundations are divided into five epistemological, ontological, theological, value-oriented and anthropological branches. Knowing man and his characteristics is one of the main prerequisites for the issue of freedom. In this research, fourteen of the most important Islamic anthropological bases effective in humanities studies, including the issue of freedom, were identified. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - The Relationship between Autocracy and Freedom in a Political Myth: Sophocles' Antigone
Parichehreh Shāhsavan Bagdādi Hāmed Amouee Elhām HosseinkhāniThe political thought of the ancient Greeks is rooted in the myths of Greek civilization. It was due to changes in the society of Greece, especially in Athens, that Greek philosophers shifted from myth to rationalism. In some Greek city-states, aristocracy became democr MoreThe political thought of the ancient Greeks is rooted in the myths of Greek civilization. It was due to changes in the society of Greece, especially in Athens, that Greek philosophers shifted from myth to rationalism. In some Greek city-states, aristocracy became democracy and in some other city-states, dictatorship replaced it. Due to these developments, all myths, especially the myths related to politics, made a fundamental change and the tragedy of political myth was created in the form of political theater. Antigone, as a political myth and one of the most important tragedies, shows the battle between freedom and autocracy; it explains the tragic results of autocracy on the city-state, the people and the ruler. By using descriptive-analytic method, the present article attempts to study this battle based on the political and social changes of the city-state of Athens and the Greek world. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - Investigating barriers and challenges to freedom of information
Seyedeh Zahra Jafari Farsi Moin Sabahi Graghani Mostafa SerajiField and Aims: One of the basic foundations of transparent government is the right of citizens to access information. This right is one of the most important examples of intellectual freedoms, because with the help of accurate and measured information, people can culti MoreField and Aims: One of the basic foundations of transparent government is the right of citizens to access information. This right is one of the most important examples of intellectual freedoms, because with the help of accurate and measured information, people can cultivate their thoughts and minds and publish their thoughts. But sometimes it encounters obstacles that make it difficult to achieve the desired goals. Therefore, the question arises that what obstacles and challenges does freedom of information face in Iranian law?Method: This research has been applied in terms of purpose, and in terms of data collection by documentary method and by studying valid laws and sources and the obtained information has been analyzed descriptively-analytically.Finding and Conclusion: The legal system of free access to information is one of the basic elements of democratic governments and the most essential tool for guaranteeing fundamental freedoms, including the right to freedom of expression and the right to self-determination. On the one hand, the right to seek or access information can be considered one of the most essential elements of freedom of expression, and on the other hand, democracy can not guarantee a bright future without guaranteeing the right to information. The right to information has two narrow and broad meanings. This right, in its narrow sense, envisages freedom to seek information, but its broader concept includes the right to access information or the right to receive information. A comprehensive interpretation of the eighth principle of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran justifies this right in the constitutional rights of our country. The legal system became the subject. Nevertheless, the recent law has its drawbacks, obstacles and challenges that have been mentioned. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - The basis of human rights of exceptions to the protection of literary and artistic works
Sara Hajizadeh Aboutaleb Koosha Hosein SadeghiField and Aims: From the early national and international intellectual property legislation for artistic and literary works, some exceptions such as personal use, use by libraries, educational institutions, as well as criteria such as the three-step te MoreField and Aims: From the early national and international intellectual property legislation for artistic and literary works, some exceptions such as personal use, use by libraries, educational institutions, as well as criteria such as the three-step test of the Berne Convention, were legislate on the material rights of the authors of artists and literary works. As the purpose followed by the lawmakers of intellectual property is to protect the intellectual and material rights of the authors, the question arises that what is the reason for the existence of these exceptions that lead to the use of intellectual property without the permission of the creator? Method: This research has studied the relevant sources and collected information by descriptive-analytical method. Findings and conclusion: With regard to reasons for anticipating these exceptions, it is concluded that there are some grounds for these exceptions ,including the human rights protection ,economic factors , welfare and social justice , technology development issues and in Iran jurisprudential grounds. The present article concludes only by addressing one of these principles, which is the protection of human rights, that the human rights approach leads to maintaining the balance between the rights of the authors and the interests the society has in using these literary and artistic works. Such human rights as the freedom of speech, access to the information and use of practical developments and participation in cultural life are among the basic grounds for imposing these exceptions on the intellectual property rights. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - تأثیر عوامل مؤثر بر جذب سرمایهگذاری مستقیم خارجی با تأکید بر متغیرهای نهادی و ساختاری
غلامرضا گرایی نژاد علیرضا دقیقی اصلی آذین سادات استاد رمضان -
Open Access Article
126 - Investigating the relationship between economic freedom and social welfare in Iran, based on Amartya Sen of social welfare
محمد جواد مهدی زاده راینی حمید محمدی ماشالله سالارپور سامان ضیاییAbstract One of the macroeconomic goals of countries is to create the necessary conditions to promote social welfare. One of the factors affecting the welfare of economic freedom. In this way, the freedom of the economy through the use of a set of solutions seeks to ac MoreAbstract One of the macroeconomic goals of countries is to create the necessary conditions to promote social welfare. One of the factors affecting the welfare of economic freedom. In this way, the freedom of the economy through the use of a set of solutions seeks to achieve some goals that increase the level of welfare through these goals. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between economic freedom and social welfare in Iran using the ARDL model. This study was based on seasonal data during 2002-2019. The results showed that by increasing economic freedom by one percent, the social welfare index increased by 0.105 percent. and increasing per capita income increases the social welfare index by 0.142 percent. The effect of an increase in the unemployment rate by one percent reduces the social welfare index by -0.122 percent. The effect of a 1% increase in college education was followed by an increase in the social welfare index of 0.283. Also, as the population over 65 years of age, the social welfare index declines by -0.673 percent. The effect of increasing government size also reduces the social welfare index by -0.427 percent. Finally, the effect of increasing tax revenues by one percent, social welfare index by 0.361 percent. According to the results, it can be said that economic freedom can increase social welfare and equity by removing the constraints and limitations of economic pursuits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - A Study of the Position and Necessity of Freedom in Hegel’s Epistemology
Hamed Shivaei Shahla Eslami Shamsolmolouk MostafaviThe Hegel‘s philosophy of spirit is in the context and center of his philosophical system. Hegel, in spirit phenomenology, has attempted to investigate the spirit motion and its destinations within the history. According to Hegel, the world history is the history MoreThe Hegel‘s philosophy of spirit is in the context and center of his philosophical system. Hegel, in spirit phenomenology, has attempted to investigate the spirit motion and its destinations within the history. According to Hegel, the world history is the history of spirit motion towards the rationalization. The spirit motion in the history is a rational and intellectual and we observe, in each part of history, the interaction of spirit with the real and objective history in the one hand and the individual history and freedom in the other hand. The interaction of these aspects is finally realized in the absolute spirit that is the freedom. Therefore, the real formation of the absolute spirit can be observed in the history. Hegel believes that the absolute spirit is a place in which all the eternal and historical facts achieve their final realization and prosperity. The absolute spirit is like a bird which flies freely over the plains and hills of the history. In Hegel’s philosophy, the absolute spirit loses the possibility to realize its real essence without freedom. Indeed, freedom is the critical and consolidating element of Hegel’s philosophy of spirit. Undoubtedly, in Hegel’s philosophy, all affairs have the relationship with freedom as the creator of the absolute spirit in historical dialectic. Therefore, in this descriptive research, in addition to attempt for describing the Hegel’s philosophy of spirit, especially the individual, objective and absolute spirit, the position and necessity of freedom in Hegel’s philosophy of spirit will be discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - Dialectic and the Major Indicators of Political Thoughts of Ferdowsi
Aliakbar Amini Aghil GoudarziAbstract Shahnameh is a book that explains the battle between goodness and badness which is inspired from Mazdakian and ancient Iranian belief before emerging of Islam. In the period of myths and heroes to the end of Kianian authority, this war is constantly continued. MoreAbstract Shahnameh is a book that explains the battle between goodness and badness which is inspired from Mazdakian and ancient Iranian belief before emerging of Islam. In the period of myths and heroes to the end of Kianian authority, this war is constantly continued. The world view of Shahnameh is a good defend in front of badness. This defend is going too continued at the high level. The extent of Shahnameh is myth; story and history which attempt to compare faces, elements, thoughts and functions into two shapes of good and bad manner of behavior. This paper investigates the major indicators of political thoughts of Ferdowsi. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
129 - Freedom in the Position of Meaning
Jahanbakhsh IzadiAbstract Freedom is a Sublime, illustrious, and unreachable concept, for reaching it man endured vast and extensive struggles and endeavors during the prolonged course of his history; Alas no trace of it! But this prestigious concept, incomparable to other homogeneous v MoreAbstract Freedom is a Sublime, illustrious, and unreachable concept, for reaching it man endured vast and extensive struggles and endeavors during the prolonged course of his history; Alas no trace of it! But this prestigious concept, incomparable to other homogeneous values, bears some conceptual and semantic problems which makes it to fluctuate between its nature and its boundary and territory; a fluctuation between subjectivity and objectivity. Sometimes freedom is defined as an inherent positive or negative concept, sometimes it is implied in confrontation with despotism, democracy, reality and fact and sometimes it is introduced as equality to human nature. In addition to formative and substantive examination of the above mentioned contexts, this article presumes that in its transition to modernity, the concept of freedom faces with complexity and intertwinement, which is on the one hand stemmed from multiplicity of productions, communications, and awareness of political – social demands, and on the other hand indebted to transmission and development of freedom from the primary meaning of inner-liberation and vice-redemption to freedom of organized official and non official external obstacles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - Necessity of Freedom and the Legal Government in Hayek's Thought
Mohammad TohidfamAbstract Friedrich Von Hayek was one of the deep thinkers and defenders of individual freedom and legal government .Freedom, ownership and law are the three main concepts of Hayek's thought .Legal government defend from freedom and individual necessarily and ownership a MoreAbstract Friedrich Von Hayek was one of the deep thinkers and defenders of individual freedom and legal government .Freedom, ownership and law are the three main concepts of Hayek's thought .Legal government defend from freedom and individual necessarily and ownership and law depend on together. Hayek believed on negative freedom which is lack of any kind of foreign compulsion or dependence to others will .He believed that in this case law is the only guarantor of freedom and the only way toward this kind of freedom is the equitable behavior .He believed that any kind of foreign compulsion is the enemy of individual freedom and legal government as well as each person related to confirmation of justly behavior. Hayek proposed legal government for this reason that governments did not introduce themselves beyond law. Hayek's legal government with using from deterrents law is a guarantor of individual freedom .This article through consider of Hayek's short biography, philosophical and economical epistemology, wanted to rethinking the strong relationship between freedom and legal government. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - A comparative Study of Secularism from the Perspective of Turkish, American and French Thinkers: With Emphasis on the Justice and Development Party of Turkey
Mehdi Lakzi Masoud GhaffariAbstract Turkey, since its establishment by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, put one of bases and fundamental principle of its governmental system on the basis of secularism. One of the key factors of secularism in modern Turkey's Ottoman legacy is that government would supervis MoreAbstract Turkey, since its establishment by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, put one of bases and fundamental principle of its governmental system on the basis of secularism. One of the key factors of secularism in modern Turkey's Ottoman legacy is that government would supervise on religion institutionally. By establishment of Republic in 1923, the state defined its interest basis on secularization and various sectarian groups. The victory of AKP in November 2002 elections, as an Islamic party, has raised important questions about the future of secularism and Islamism in the country. The main characteristics of Turkish secularism is different from American and French one and Turkish people interprets the concept not only on basis of separation between government and religion but elimination of religion from public sphere. The major controversy in Turkey is about the definition of secularism and freedom of religion that resulted from fundamental principles such as the role of religion and government. The study of existing literature about Turkey shows the earlier researches mainly emphasize issues such as security, democracy and process of Turkey joining the Europe Union, and it seems they ignored the Islamists' approaches towards their concepts and identity, especially towards secularism. Accordingly, the authors would try to answer the following questions: what is the AKP' stance on secularism, as an Islamic party? The findings of article suggest the AKP intended to separate the religion from government by accepting the secularism as a governance model in order to guarantee the religious freedom. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - The concept of freedom and social justice and its connection in the discourse of Nahj al-Balagha
قاسم محسنی مری سلیمان عباسیThe concept of freedom and social justice is one of the ideal concepts that have a special place in social life and people want to define it in the individual and social arena. It seems that the concept of entitlement is one of the elements of social justice that by lea MoreThe concept of freedom and social justice is one of the ideal concepts that have a special place in social life and people want to define it in the individual and social arena. It seems that the concept of entitlement is one of the elements of social justice that by learning in the society, people get their deserved rights. Freedom as a human right can be realized with justice. Therefore, the basis of social justice is the necessity of creating a civil society and determining the rules that are the understanding of people in the society as the attribute of rules, establishing, implementing and enforcing rules to regulate social relations to limit freedom to provide interests and interests of all. This study, with the descriptive-analytical research method based on library sources, seeks to formulate the relationship between social justice and freedom in various discourses and Nahj al-Balagheh and to explain the possibility of the realization of these two concepts in social life in these discourses. The way of approaching the discourses about the conflict between freedom and social justice is not the same. Some of them vote for the priority of freedom and some of them for social justice, but Nahj al-Balagheh considered interaction and presence of these concepts to be valid in the social arena. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - The Identification of the Modal Parameters of Orbital Machines using Dynamic Structural Approach
Hossein Pirzadeh Alireza Mohammadion Armen Adamian -
Open Access Article
134 - The role of important individually factors on improving work ethics
maryam moghadam asilThe principles of civilization and development will be held on work and human thought. Therefore, knowing all kinds and features of work cultures could be an important issue. The main question is finding the relation between some variables such as sexuality, health, hap MoreThe principles of civilization and development will be held on work and human thought. Therefore, knowing all kinds and features of work cultures could be an important issue. The main question is finding the relation between some variables such as sexuality, health, happiness, freedom, education and creativity with work culture in Iran. Comparison between these variables in five different countries like Iran, china, japan, Malaysia and turkey could be add some positive value to this research. Research methodology on this research was a combination between minor and major issues on work ethics. The result of this investigation is Secondary analysis on global values. Some affecting factors such as the dependent variable linear and logistic regression methods, mean, standard deviation, variance analysis test, test, F, P and coefficient of determination were analyzed. Through all the factors, creativity is the most effective one. Influence of all the independent factors except academic degree could be positive on work ethics. Tests make it clear that work ethics in Iran compares to other four countries is significantly lower and based on the argument mentioned above the most important factors on work ethics would be decreasing the value of social capital and lack of feeling of freedom in either private or social life which could has serious effect on some factors such as happiness, health and creativity on work ethics and production Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
135 - Effects of FDI and Institution Quality on Domestic Investment in Iran Outlook Document Countries
Karam Jafari parviz khanlooAccording to importance of foreign direct investment effects on domestic investment financing, growth and development, countries attempt to attract foreign direct investment by creation of infrastructures. But literature indicates that foreign direct investment can affe MoreAccording to importance of foreign direct investment effects on domestic investment financing, growth and development, countries attempt to attract foreign direct investment by creation of infrastructures. But literature indicates that foreign direct investment can affect domestic investment negatively. However, a key question is whether foreign direct investment crowd in or out domestic investment, and how foreign direct investment affects domestic investment in good governance and political freedom situation? So that, the aim of this paper is to research effects of foreign direct investment and good governance and political freedom on domestic investment in IRAN outlook documents countries by GMM model in 1996-2016 periods. Detected results indicate that foreign direct investment has crowding out effects on domestic investment in model without good governance and political freedom and model with political freedom index. In the model with good governance index foreign direct investment has neutral effect on domestic investment in IRAN outlook documents countries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - The Analysis of Hegemonic Flow of Shamloo's Poetry and Thoughts with the Function of the Discourse Theory of Ernesto Laclau
Kaveh Abbasi Jalil Tajlil Farhad Tahmasebi Abdolhossein FarzadAbstract This passage has been written regarding the principles and the basis of the discourse theory extended by Ernesto Laclau. The essence of this theory is that the historical and social subjects are political. MoreAbstract This passage has been written regarding the principles and the basis of the discourse theory extended by Ernesto Laclau. The essence of this theory is that the historical and social subjects are political. This essay differentiates between the antique and anthology level and has studied Shamloo's works in anthology books. Based on this, Shamloo's works on the freedom discourse implies that political and social movement during the recent century have been considered as the aim and the identity of political movements in Iran. The strategy and method of this research is that some of the basic concepts, are explored in Shamloo's works and then his central concepts of ideas about liberty are chosen in this paper . Shamloo, in this essay, is called the poet of freedom. It is believed that most of the phenomena in society and literature are political and the content must be internally seen and evaluated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
137 - Designing the Explanation Model of Cultural Factors Effective on the Sense of Social Security in Kerman
leila oshage khosroshahi mehrdad navabakhsh ebrahim motaghi Nowruz hashemzehiMany people live in societies in which the “security” is placed at the top of human needs’ pyramid, and it is considered as the most essential condition to meet material and spiritual needs. The main question of the present study is to determine its ef MoreMany people live in societies in which the “security” is placed at the top of human needs’ pyramid, and it is considered as the most essential condition to meet material and spiritual needs. The main question of the present study is to determine its effectiveness on sense of social security by determining the cultural factors of citizens over 20 years old in Kerman. Several factors and elements are effective on the sense of social security that Identifying them requires a systematic approach. Research method of the present study from the perspective of purpose - applied; In terms of quantitative - survey and historically, it is a post-event that was developed by referring to scientific documents within the theoretical framework of research and then using a questionnaire as a method of data collection. The statistical population of the study included 632163 people over the age of 20 years in Kerman in 1398, 385 people were examined by cluster sampling method, including 10% of the possibility of non-final return of the questionnaires (400 people).The hypotheses of the components of cultural factors including religious adherence, the sense of freedom, security and social-cultural identity affect the sense of social security of the citizens of the workers in order to formulate the model. Regression, T and pathway analysis tests were applied for analysing gathered information, and ultimately, SPSS and AMOS software were used for modelling the design of structural equations .In this study, after describing and explaining theoretical basics in the field of determination of social security, it was attempted to provide the dimensions and factors of the effectiveness on the sense of social security in the form of the model. The results of the research show that religious adherence variables, the sense of freedom, social-cultural identity and security have a direct, positive and meaningful impact on the creation of sense of security. Finally, the main hypothesis of the research was also confirmed through presentation of final model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - Conceptual Model of Perceived Organizational Bullying and Burnout with the Mediating Role of organizational Maturity and Freedom of Expression in Staff of the Ministry of Sport and Youth
jalal shamlo alimohammad safaniya salahedin naghshbandi The purpose of this study was to examine the conceptual model of perceived organizational bullying and burnout with the role of mediating organizational maturity and freedom of expression in the staff of the Ministry of Sports and Youth. in terms of nature and met More The purpose of this study was to examine the conceptual model of perceived organizational bullying and burnout with the role of mediating organizational maturity and freedom of expression in the staff of the Ministry of Sports and Youth. in terms of nature and method, this research is applied research with descriptive-correlation method that data collection was done in the field. The statistical population of this study is all staff of the Ministry of Sports and Youth (N = 800). Measuring instruments were organizational maturity, burnout, organizational bullying, and freedom of expression questionnaires. The face and content validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by 11 faculty members. The reliability of the questionnaires was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. One-sample t-test, and structural equation modeling were performed for statistical analysis. The results showed that freedom of expression (2.45) in inappropriate status, organizational maturity (3.11) at a moderate level, burnout (3.30), and perceived organizational bullying (3.51) in the Ministry of Sport and Youth are significantly above average. Moreover, there is a positive and significant correlation between perceived organizational bullying and burnout (r = 0.57), a reverse and significant relationship between perceived organizational bullying and expression (r = -0.42) and organizational maturation (r=-0.30) among the staff of the Ministry of Sports and Youth (sig = 0/01). As a result, two variables of organizational maturity and freedom of expression have reciprocal and significant effects on the relationship between perceived organizational bullying and burnout. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
139 - Investigating to establish a favorable government in the opinions of thinkers after the Islamic Revolution
mojtaba akbareyan Ali Fallahi SeifodinThis article examines how to establish a favorable government، in the opinions of thinkers after the Islamic Revolution and how the relationship between religion and politics, And it seeks to raise the question of how with the victory of the Islamic Revolution and the e MoreThis article examines how to establish a favorable government، in the opinions of thinkers after the Islamic Revolution and how the relationship between religion and politics, And it seeks to raise the question of how with the victory of the Islamic Revolution and the establishment of religious democracy, the question of understanding the nature of government and understanding the relationship between religion and politics, in establishing a favorable government and its requirements in the views of the post -Islamic Revolution, One of the most important and challenging issues in their field of thinking became , And what factors have caused the deep gap between the two groups, the farther we go, the deeper the gap, and in response to the questions and the hypothesis of the article, it is possible to answer that a group with a critical, pathology of the favorable government. Evaluated in the field of thought and action, and their shortcomings were explored from a new angle, Another spectrum, with the influence of religious interpretations, attempted to communicate between religion and politics, led the favorable government to this position and made thinkers aware of the realm of religion. In this article, we try to explain the views of each of them and the causes of Conflict and differences between modernist and traditionalist intellectuals, and finally, its pathology has been considered, which we have tried to study using a descriptive analytical method Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - The concept of democracy and freedom in Islamic State from the prespective of Abdulkarim Soroush and Mesbah Yazdi
Seyed Mohsen Ahmadi Abbas Salehi Najafabadi qhasem TorabiThe attempt to integrate religion and democracy is one example of struggle between tradition and modernity.this debate over the issue of democracy and religious rule began with the rise of legitimate constitutional theory against the constitutional absolutist demand.as MoreThe attempt to integrate religion and democracy is one example of struggle between tradition and modernity.this debate over the issue of democracy and religious rule began with the rise of legitimate constitutional theory against the constitutional absolutist demand.as thinkers have always argued over issues such as the authenticity of the people vote,confusion between right and obligation,legitimacy and acceptance.so Mesbah Yazdi ,with a religious perspective,and Soroush with a hermeneutic view were arranged their votes.Mesbah Yazdi regards as gruesome achievement of the story of saghifeh introduces theory of divine providence as the centerpiece of Islamic rule,while Abdule karim Soroush advocates the existence of Muslim democracy and in principle,freedom and equality are known as the essantial of his theory of democracy.this essay noticed the relationship between religion and democracy from Soroush and Mesbab Yazdi views. Key words;Islamic state freedom,legitimacy,democracy. the story of saghifeh introduces theory of divine providence as the centerpiece of Islamic rule,while Abdule karim Soroush advocates the existence of Muslim democracy and in principle,freedom and equality are known as the essantial of his theory of democracy.this essay noticed the relationship between religion and democracy from Soroush and Mesbab Yazdi views. Key words;Islamic state freedom,legitimacy,democracy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
141 - A Comparative Study of the Ideas of Jean Jacques Rousseau and John Stuart Mill regarding the Concept of Freedom
Khashayar Bourbouri Hossein-Ali Nowzari Reza ShirzadiFreedom is one of the most valuable words that have existed in human minds up to now. Freedom is the most important index of human dignity and nobility. Many of the political thinkers believe that enjoying a value and identity called freedom is the greatest index of hum MoreFreedom is one of the most valuable words that have existed in human minds up to now. Freedom is the most important index of human dignity and nobility. Many of the political thinkers believe that enjoying a value and identity called freedom is the greatest index of human dignity and identity and lack of access to freedom is the major feature of animal identity of man. This is why Rousseau, the French thinker, has considered the slavery and colonialism to be against human nature and has equaled the lack of freedom to the lack of humanity. Rousseau`s is often associated with the irrational idealism of pure and savage nature as well as the primary nature of human being. However, beyond all features, he is a complicated political philosopher who has offered a determinate form of government which is the prerequisite of human freedom within the framework of a modern society. He insists that man is a man when he is free since this freedom provides the ground for his perfection. John Stuart Mill is another western thinker claiming that the lack of freedom is equal to the lack of reason. Hence, he states that there is a close relationship between the freedom and rationality. He regards the lack of freedom as the lack of reason. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
142 - Coordinates of freedom in the opinions of Mohammad Taghi Misbah Yazdi and Daud Firhi
saeed alizadah hasan shamsini ghiasvand Mohamad PorghorbanThe concept of freedom in Iran's intellectual field goes back to contemporary history. However, the jurisprudential-intellectual approach about it among Iranian thinkers is a newer phenomenon. Among recent Iranian thinkers and jurists, the mystery of freedom has always MoreThe concept of freedom in Iran's intellectual field goes back to contemporary history. However, the jurisprudential-intellectual approach about it among Iranian thinkers is a newer phenomenon. Among recent Iranian thinkers and jurists, the mystery of freedom has always been the most challenging issue. The central question and purpose of this research is the jurisprudential-philosophical conflicts of Mohammad Taghi Misbah Yazdi and Dawood Firhi about freedom. Based on the analytical-descriptive analysis method, it can be said that both thinkers encountered freedom based on theological and jurisprudential intellectual foundations. . For this reason, such freedom thinkers consider the existence of freedom and will in human existence, which is necessary for the spiritual excellence of man. Misbah Yazdi's methodology is classical jurisprudence, but Firhi looks at Islamic texts and experience based on hermeneutic and postmodernist methods. Misbah Yazdi does not accept the assumptions of modern liberalism such as freedom as the goal of worldly life, rationalism and individualism as the bases of political-social freedoms, while Firhi emphasizes on external freedom and the implementation of the bases of political-social freedoms such as individualism. It emphasizes humanism, human rights and women's rights.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
143 - The scope of freedom of will in football employment contracts in the light of domestic and FIFA regulations
Mostafa Soleimani Babadi محمد صادقی S.mehdi MirdadashiThe freedom of will in football contracts, similar to other contracts with distinct characteristics, is not absolute. In addition to general restrictive rules, the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA) has also imposed limitations on such contracts. Th MoreThe freedom of will in football contracts, similar to other contracts with distinct characteristics, is not absolute. In addition to general restrictive rules, the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA) has also imposed limitations on such contracts. This article delves into examining the position of the parties' free will in football employment contracts. This research was done using descriptive analytical method. The predefined conditions in football contracts should not be merely considered ceremonial formalities; the objective of including such conditions is to establish contractual balance without interference from FIFA or the federation. If these regulations oppose the mandatory rules of a country, a judge may refrain from enforcing them based on the mandatory rules or laws related to public order. However, the primary challenge lies in the fact that football contracts benefit from their own enforcement mechanism, and generally, such disputes are not referred to public courts. The overarching approach is that no rule or provision should unduly restrict the parties' contractual will, and the principle of contractual freedom in football employment contracts, like other contracts, should be considered by the parties as a fundamental principle. Therefore, the parties' will enjoys legal validity as long as it does not contradict FIFA's mandatory rules, the mandatory rules of the country, or unilateral conditions against contractual goodwill. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
144 - The position of education and globalization in the opinions of recent Iranian thinkers
fatali hammati haji ali shiravand علی فلاح نژادEducation is the main focus of human life in all eras, especially in the era of globalization, because without education life in the third millennium is not possible. Of course, it should be said that education in the information age is defined by new characteristics su MoreEducation is the main focus of human life in all eras, especially in the era of globalization, because without education life in the third millennium is not possible. Of course, it should be said that education in the information age is defined by new characteristics such as interactive, critical education, influence in people's lives and lifestyle. The central question and purpose of this research is to explain the place of education in the opinions of global thinkers, including Iranians, in the recent period. In order to explain this issue and with a discourse analysis, it can be said that globalization has certain effects on the lives of citizens in all dimensions, such as abandonment, the reduction of governments' sovereignty over the education of citizens, the role of modern media in the direction of people's lives, changes in people's lifestyles, The transformation in the nature of the job and the gelatinous identity. Therefore, it can be said that in the political thought of thinkers in the era of globalization, with characteristics such as the privatization of education, critical thinking, increasing the importance of non-formal education, the difference between university education and citizen life, the economicization of the education category, privatization and digitization. It is framed Manuscript profile
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