• List of Articles Money

      • Open Access Article

        1 - The effective determinants of exchange rates in Iran
        M. Sharif Azadeh Ali Haghighat
        The purpose of this paper is the investigation of the (nominal and real) exchange rates determinantsin Iranian economy. After investigate and determine the effective factors of the exchange rates , byusing of time series data –1340 to 1379 - , the proposed models More
        The purpose of this paper is the investigation of the (nominal and real) exchange rates determinantsin Iranian economy. After investigate and determine the effective factors of the exchange rates , byusing of time series data –1340 to 1379 - , the proposed models are estimated by traditionaleconometrics methods and the new approaches in econometrics –AEG,DW and Johansencointegration techniques. For this aims , we study and analysis the following subjects:1) The effect of money growth rate, interest rates and GDP on the exchange rate in Iran – test ofmonetarists theory in Iranian economy.2) The effect of other variables – such as : government expenditures , budget deficit, price of oil,investment, inflation, openness , productivity, terms of trade, the price of gold and the populationgrowth rate- on the exchange rates in Iranian economy.3)The test of PPP theory in Iranian economy.Finally, we offer the conclusions, and some implications will recommended. Manuscript profile
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        2 - The Causes of Impulse Buying: Evaluation of a Model in Iran
        K. Heidarzadeh F. Taherikia
        One of most discussion in marketing & consumer behavior, is an important subject, is choice &selection of product & buying behavior. Behavioral scientists make an effort to create in behaviormodels. In this research, it is inspected that variables like time More
        One of most discussion in marketing & consumer behavior, is an important subject, is choice &selection of product & buying behavior. Behavioral scientists make an effort to create in behaviormodels. In this research, it is inspected that variables like time available, money available, shoppingenjoyment, & impulse buying tendency as latent variables (independent). The influence positiveaffect, negative affect, in- store browsing. These variables influence to urge to buy impulsivity & atlast this variable influence to impulse buying. It is designed a questionnaire with 58 qustions &compute reliability in 2 stage. Because it needs to change some sentences. It is asked from 496customers in 20 shopping mall in Tehran, & used spss 16 & lisrel 8.3 to analysis data.In first phase of analysis, it is used to conformity factor analysis in respect to confirm the relationsbetween variables, then it is used with common factor analysis to reduce questions, & next phase, & itis used to exploratory factor analysis to explorer of new relations between variables.If it is compared that between result from Beatty & Ferrell (1998) & result from this research, it isnotice that although this model is respectable, but some relation is not similar to previous researchesarticles. One of these relation that is significant, is between impulse buying tendency & impulsebuying. On the other h&, one of them is significant, but effect is reverse. It is established questioneree& a model that suitable for impulse buying in Tehran- Iran. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        3 - Presenting a methodology based on the self-organizing maps and multi-layer neural networks for suspected money laundering events at bank branches
        Hamid Mahdavi Khokhsarai Mohammadreza Shahriari Fereydon Rahnema Rudpashti Syed Abdullah Sajjadi Jaghargh
        10.30495/jnrm.2021.19020
        Given the importance of banking systems and the misuse of this platform for money laundering purposes, the urgent need for the implementation of anti-money laundering systems by governments and policy makers in economic affairs is important. Also, due to the growth of t More
        Given the importance of banking systems and the misuse of this platform for money laundering purposes, the urgent need for the implementation of anti-money laundering systems by governments and policy makers in economic affairs is important. Also, due to the growth of terrorism and organized fraud, and the passage of numerous laws against these cases, the need for these systems is increasing. On the other hand, the complexity of money laundering suspicious behaviors is such that no significant action can be taken to detect money laundering without intelligent and data-driven tools. An important and perhaps practical point in Iran is the proximity of these systems to anti-bribery, fraud, violation and inspection systems, which can be considered as an efficient tool for the bank's inspection unit. This paper presents an approach based on data analysis and processing. In this approach, using self-organizing maps, bank branches are clustered based on similar behaviors, then the process of labeling branches is performed using a linear index. In the next step, using the training of a multi-layer neural network, a model for identifying bank branches in which suspicious money laundering processes take place is introduced. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        4 - Presenting a Multi-Objective Mathematical Model for Time-Cost trade off Problem Considering Time Value of Money and Solve it by MOPSO Algorithm
        M.A Shafiiee M.R Shahriyary فرهاد hosseinzadeh lotfi reza radfar
        The time - cost tradeoff problem is one of the most critical issues in the project scheduling field and so far, a lot of research has been done with a variety of quantitative and qualitative approaches on this subject. In this research, we intend to provide a two - obje More
        The time - cost tradeoff problem is one of the most critical issues in the project scheduling field and so far, a lot of research has been done with a variety of quantitative and qualitative approaches on this subject. In this research, we intend to provide a two - objective mathematical model which balances crash and delay for activities. So that it provides the right tools for decision makers to decide on the scheduling of activities, with considering available facilities and time available, to complete the project. In the proposed mathematical model, it is attempting to use the assumptions such as the nonlinear cost function as well as the time value of money so that the problem conditions will be as close as possible to the real environment. At the end, we solve the mathematical model presented in this paper using the Multi Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) algorithm and the impact of the crash and delay for activities in the final non-dominated solutions is investigated. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        5 - Malmquist Productivity Index Based on Time Effect
        M. Vaez-Ghasemi
        In recent years, measuring and analyzing productivity changes is the main focus of variousresearches who study performance of organizations. All through widespread application ofMalmquist Productivity Index, different types of data should be considered thoroughly,otherw More
        In recent years, measuring and analyzing productivity changes is the main focus of variousresearches who study performance of organizations. All through widespread application ofMalmquist Productivity Index, different types of data should be considered thoroughly,otherwise any defective study of the related data and deciding factors may yield poor results.Practical Malmquist Productivity Index (PMPI) models, presented in this research, arefundamentally capable of measuring the productivity of units in a competitive atmosphere,along with the hidden economic indexes such as time value of money, amortization andpromoted skills of employees. Also these models would provide the productivity comparisonover different periods of time. Moreover, these models are reliable as well as tangible forsuperior managers and it is noteworthy that they would offer significantly favorableconditions, lack of which may cause the unit under evaluation to face a great deal ofregression. Manuscript profile
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        6 - Legal approach to bitcoin and its comparison with the stock market
        neda javaheri mohsen javaheri
        10.30495/jlap.2022.19435
        Bitcoin is a type of virtual currency and digital currency whose produc tion is the result of time-consum ing computi ng activiti es that can be trad ed like stocks or coins, and the result of this trade is the creation of a type of financ ial credit that the holder can More
        Bitcoin is a type of virtual currency and digital currency whose produc tion is the result of time-consum ing computi ng activiti es that can be trad ed like stocks or coins, and the result of this trade is the creation of a type of financ ial credit that the holder can Buy the device and use it to fulfill its obligations. Legal problems and non- recognition of bitcoin is due to the lack of a central issuing body and its digitali ty. In this way, bitcoin transactions are done with out the need for in termediaries and Trans actio ns do not require centralized instituti ons such as banks or other in stituti ons. This research has exami ned the law of Iran and several other countries with a descr i p tive-analy tical method.Key words: digital currency, mon ey, stock excha nge, securi ties, capital mark et Manuscript profile
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        7 - Evaluation the Management to Control The Liquidity Money by Central Bank in Iran
        رویا آل عمران سید علی آل عمران
        The Objective of this paper is evaluation the management to control the liquiditymoney by central bank in Iran from 1378:3 to 1387:2. For this purpose the volatilityindex is drive GARCH model. The result indicate that central bank management incontrol the liquidity mone More
        The Objective of this paper is evaluation the management to control the liquiditymoney by central bank in Iran from 1378:3 to 1387:2. For this purpose the volatilityindex is drive GARCH model. The result indicate that central bank management incontrol the liquidity money for monetary policy, early years of 1378 and 1379 inputsto improve and central bank’s application planning organized in determining theamount of liquidity money in the final period has led to reduced liquidity moneyinstability and its tendency toward to a stable level and has been optimized. Manuscript profile
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        8 - Asymmetric Effects of Monetary Policy Shocks on Stock Price Index in Tehran Stock Exchange
        Yeghaneh Mousavi Jahromi Nasrin Rostami
        This paper examines the effects of monetary policy shocks on stock price index ofTehran Stock Exchange by using time series data of Iran over the period 1991-2010.In this regards, first we divided the money shocks into foreseen and unforeseen andthe positive and negativ More
        This paper examines the effects of monetary policy shocks on stock price index ofTehran Stock Exchange by using time series data of Iran over the period 1991-2010.In this regards, first we divided the money shocks into foreseen and unforeseen andthe positive and negative monetary policy using hodrik-prescott filter, then regressedthem on the stocks exchange index.The results showed asymmetric effects of money shocks on stockprice index, so that the foreseen and unforeseen impulse of money affect it differently;the fluctuation of the stock price index arising from unforeseen impulse was higher thanforeseen impulse. Also, result showed that the negative impulse on money (moneydecreasing) was affected the stock price index more than positive impulse. Manuscript profile
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        9 - Instruments of Financial Regulation in Iran & U.K
        Hossein Monavari Mohammad Rasekh
        The inherent complexities of financial market contracts, including those made within the money and capital markets, and the effect of the financial market on the totality of the economic system of a country by providing financial resources motivate governments to use va More
        The inherent complexities of financial market contracts, including those made within the money and capital markets, and the effect of the financial market on the totality of the economic system of a country by providing financial resources motivate governments to use various instruments to secure finances and uphold public interests in these markets. The necessity to ensure the private interests of investors while minimizing and managing risks and the dual nature of regulation, which restricts market agents on one hand and constrains governmental intervention on the other, creates a vast continuum of regulatory instruments which are used in more or less all countries around the world in some manner. Regulation has transitioned through market crashes, government failures and the shortcomings of private law in attaining public and private interests, and has risen to the status of a government theory; it provides instruments and devices through which governments may select and deploy regulatory policies. In the present paper, Iran and the United Kingdom have been selected with respect to their differing points of departure on the regulation of financial markets and comparisons have been made regarding the strategies, methods, sanctions, resources and bodies which systematically facilitate one or many governmental policies which make up the regulatory mechanisms governing the financial markets in both countries. Manuscript profile
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        10 - Investigation Effect of Financial Literacy and Money Management on Personal Financial Management of Tehran stock exchange investors
        Zahra Shirazian
        The purpose of this research is to study the role of financial literacy and money management on personal financial management of Tehran Stock Exchange investors. This research, in terms of type, is a descriptive survey and is a quantitative and applied research that has More
        The purpose of this research is to study the role of financial literacy and money management on personal financial management of Tehran Stock Exchange investors. This research, in terms of type, is a descriptive survey and is a quantitative and applied research that has been implemented cross-sectionally. The statistical population of this study was investors in the Tehran Stock Exchange. The Morgan table used 384 people as sample by simple random sampling method. The data gathering tool was a standard questionnaire for financial literacy, money management and personal finance management. Validity of the questionnaires was assessed through factor validity and their reliability through Cronbach's alpha. Data were analyzed using partial least squares and Smart Pialas software. The findings of this study confirm the significant effect of financial literacy and money management and their components on personal financial management of Tehran Stock Exchange investors. The evidence did not show any indirect effect. Manuscript profile
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        11 - Effect of Economic Stability on Demand for Money in Iran (1973‐2008)
        رویا آل عمران فهیمه نصراله سیدعلی آل عمران
        In this survey, we study the impact of the economic stability on demandfor money in Iran. We use ARCH‐GARCH model to introduce an EconomicStability Index (ESI), which is a weighted average of variables such as grossdomestic product (GDP), foreign exchange rate, inflatio More
        In this survey, we study the impact of the economic stability on demandfor money in Iran. We use ARCH‐GARCH model to introduce an EconomicStability Index (ESI), which is a weighted average of variables such as grossdomestic product (GDP), foreign exchange rate, inflation rate, long‐terminterest rate, and Stock Market Average Price Index.With the help our calculated ESI and employing the ARDL method weestimate the demand for money in Iran for the period of 1352‐1387. Theresults of our study show that the Economic Stability Index has a positiveimpact on demand for money in Iran. Manuscript profile
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        12 - Feasibility study of endowment of credit money according to Islamic jurisprudence
        naser alidoostishahraki saeed tajikzadeh saeed alizadeh
        10.30495/jijl.2021.17354
        Waqf can be considered as one of the good traditions of Islamic societies, which of course has existed in other forms in other societies as well, which shows that this good tradition is also rooted in the pure nature of humanity. It has created the illusion that time sh More
        Waqf can be considered as one of the good traditions of Islamic societies, which of course has existed in other forms in other societies as well, which shows that this good tradition is also rooted in the pure nature of humanity. It has created the illusion that time should be spent only on this property, which has deprived the endowment institution of a large part of the wealth in society, which is the current credit money. Feasibility study of endowment of credit money, which is in fact the money of our time and its license is in Islamic jurisprudence,And the importance of this issue is due to the fact that it is not taken into account in the laws, and for this reason, we have examined the opinions and reasons of the proponents and opponents in this field and it was seen that it is possible to dedicate credit money in jurisprudence. Manuscript profile
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        13 - Necessities and obstacles of using the secret operation of entrapment in the economic crime of money laundering
        Mohammad Pirani Asghar Abbasi Ali Ghorbani
        10.30495/jijl.2022.70640.1626
        Background and purpose – Economic crime have led to destructive effects and negative economic consequences for the country. Special characteristics, including low visibility, high dark figure, dynamism, wide scope of danger, and special information make detection More
        Background and purpose – Economic crime have led to destructive effects and negative economic consequences for the country. Special characteristics, including low visibility, high dark figure, dynamism, wide scope of danger, and special information make detection of these crimes difficult. Thus, secret entrapment operations can be considered as a suitable solution to fight against this type of crimes. However, the lack of recognition of the necessities of and obstacles to the enforcement of secret entrapment operations for economic crimes will cause doubts both in the enforcement or non- enforcement of these operations as well as in the public’s minds, making them unoptimistic towards the nature of such operations. This study attempts to answer the questions that: “what are the main obstacles and necessities of the enforcement of the secret entrapment operations for the economic crime of money laundering?” and “how can these necessities and obstacles be explained?”Methodology – This study is descriptive-analytical and has investigated and analyzed the above-mentioned questions using the library and note-taking methods.Findings and results –While explaining the necessities and obstacles of the enforcement of a secret entrapment operation for the economic crime of money laundering, this study can be successful on the one hand for guiding the police, designers and operators of secret operations in the enforcement of secret entrapment operations, and on the other hand, increase the public's trust in the police and judicial system. Manuscript profile
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        14 - Jurisprudential feasibility of civil liability of government assuming devaluation of money due to inflation
        mahdi mohagheghian Seyed Mohammad Hadi Mahdavi Ahmadreza Tavakoli
        10.30495/jijl.2022.60141.1436
        Inflation or continuum and general raise of prices, is depended on different reasons and factors. Sometimes incomes and spending of government are imbalanced and government is forced to commit inflation policies and realizing money in order to protect against the side e More
        Inflation or continuum and general raise of prices, is depended on different reasons and factors. Sometimes incomes and spending of government are imbalanced and government is forced to commit inflation policies and realizing money in order to protect against the side effects of borrowing from Central Bank, and consequently raise to devaluation of national money. In this regard, from juridical viewpoint it is possible to survey that in such circumstances, is there any way to put the responsibility of compensating of money devaluation and losses of citizens on government or not. It seems that if the pills of civil responsibility are complete, so, appropriate is ready for civil responsibility of government. Because, based on no-losses-rule, harm defeat, causation rule, ownership right and the necessity of compensating lost interests assuming interest conflict, it is possible to put the responsibility for compensating the losses of citizens on government. In other hand, from Jurisprudential view point, there is no constraint for this sentence and therefore, government is force to handle this responsibility, anyway. Manuscript profile
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        15 - Paying Blood Money by the Criminals in the Organ Transplants after the Retribution
        Ali Akbar Aref Ghasm Aref
        The present juridical study investigates the adequacy of paying blood money by the criminals in the organ transplants after the retribution. The study used a library research method. Hence, after the introduction, the recent views about the issue were discussed separate More
        The present juridical study investigates the adequacy of paying blood money by the criminals in the organ transplants after the retribution. The study used a library research method. Hence, after the introduction, the recent views about the issue were discussed separately. Finally, based on the progress in the area of organ transplants, theviewpoint of “separation” between the case in which the crime of the criminal is the mere cause of the amputation and in the case of the crime in which the crime of the criminal in the incident is the cause of loosing the murder victim’s organ was discussed. According to the first assumption of the theory, paying blood money is adequate and in the second assumption, the right of the victim for demanding mutilation again is changeless and fixed. Manuscript profile
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        16 - Presenting a pattern of money laundering control in the banking system of the Government of Iran with emphasis on the factor of public culture
        abdolmahdi torabiyan masoud pourkiani saeid sayadi
        Introduction and purpose of the research: The purpose of this study is to present a pattern of money laundering control in the banking system of the government of the Islamic Republic of Iran with emphasis on the factor of public culture. Research Method: In this study, More
        Introduction and purpose of the research: The purpose of this study is to present a pattern of money laundering control in the banking system of the government of the Islamic Republic of Iran with emphasis on the factor of public culture. Research Method: In this study, first the factors affecting money laundering control for public culture were identified through a survey of experts using Delphi technique, and then these factors were tested in the form of a model designed in the statistical community. The statistical population of the study was 321 people, all senior managers of Kerman National Bank branches, and 200 people were selected as the sample. Data collection tools were interviews and questionnaires (2 questionnaires). The data were analyzed in SPSS and AMOS22 software. Findings: Factor analysis results show that the components of "moving away from the state economy" and "e-banking" were the most important in explaining the money laundering variable, so that the component of moving away from the state economy 90% and the component of e-banking 86%. Conclusion: Money laundering has become one of the most important issues in many countries and can have far-reaching consequences for the economy of any country, and the relevant institutions must pay special attention to take action to combat this issue. Manuscript profile
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        17 - Sociological Analysis of Attitude on Money: Young People in Tehran City
        sepideh zarei Seyyed Vahid Aghili mansour vosooghi
        10.30495/jisds.2007.21280
        Studying people's attitudes on money will predict their behavior and reaction. The efficiency of money in a society depends more on people's expectations and attitudes about money and people's thinking reflects the collective thinking of a society. This study is practic More
        Studying people's attitudes on money will predict their behavior and reaction. The efficiency of money in a society depends more on people's expectations and attitudes about money and people's thinking reflects the collective thinking of a society. This study is practical in terms of purpose, descriptive in terms of method and mixed in terms of data collection and analysis. For this purpose, the Q method, which is one of the mixed methods (quantitative- qualitative), has been used. A total of 41 terms were extracted from interviews, theoretical foundations, and previous researches, shaped the discourse space of the study. For the purpose of sorting Q sample phrases, 30 young employed in Tehran were selected by purposeful method. Then, in the quantitative section, by completing the Q tables and analyzing the obtained data by factor analysis, the mentality of the individuals in each group was identified and analyzed. The results of this study show four mentalities of youth in Tehran with communicating, social, cultural and moral dimensions and concepts. Manuscript profile
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        18 - The impact of personality phases of managers of mutual funds on smart money by considering the moderating role of manager's financial intelligence
        bahareh heidari moghadam mirfeiz fallahshams gholamreza Zomorodian
        This study is aimed to investigate the effect of the 5 personality phases of managers of mutual funds in dealing with smart money by using the structural equation model. Meanwhile, managers' financial intelligence has also been examined as a moderating variable. This su More
        This study is aimed to investigate the effect of the 5 personality phases of managers of mutual funds in dealing with smart money by using the structural equation model. Meanwhile, managers' financial intelligence has also been examined as a moderating variable. This survey is carried out by collecting statistics from all mutual funds. This analysis was carried out in 1399 and all data have been collected from mutual funds during that time. Five studied phases of personality are: Hypomania, Psychopathic Deviate, Psychasthenia, Paranoia, Depression.The results show that out of the five personality phases studied, four of them have a significant relationship with smart money and there is no significant relationship between only one personality phase and smart money. Also, the moderating role of financial intelligence was accepted only concerning one type of personality phase( Hypomania,) and concerning the other four personality phases(Psychopathic Deviate, Psychasthenia , Paranoia, Depression), the effect of the moderating variable was not confirmed. Manuscript profile
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        19 - Legal analysis of the fiscal regime of IPC upstream contracts in the oil and gas industry in Iran.
        Alireza Hasanalizadeh ali zare Mehdi Montazer
        This research focuses on the legal analysis of the fiscal regime of IPC upstream contracts in the oil and gas industry in Iran. Due to the short lifespan of buyback contracts and the consequent non-perseverance of their production, as well as being unattractive to forei More
        This research focuses on the legal analysis of the fiscal regime of IPC upstream contracts in the oil and gas industry in Iran. Due to the short lifespan of buyback contracts and the consequent non-perseverance of their production, as well as being unattractive to foreign contractors, new oil contracts called IPCs aim to attract foreign investment, transfer technology, produce protection from reservoirs and increase the recycle coefficient as well as increase presence in international markets by way of creation of domestic exploration and production companies. The new oil contracts are in essence the improved version of buyback contracts. The new model for the new oil contracts is the risk associated services type, and it captures different facets of the oil industry (exploration, development and production). In the new oil contracts, costs are determined annually based on field behavior and through negotiations, the fiscal structure of these contracts is comprised of government revenue and oil costs. Oil costs consist of direct investment costs, indirect costs, cost of money, operational costs and salaries. The payback of direct investment costs happens in 5 to 7 year installments and other costs as and the contractor remuneration are reimbursed from the place of 50% of the field revenue. Payback will commence after production begins. The contractor remuneration is based on daily production (fee per barrel). the fiscal regime in the new oil contracts is a factor that seeks to strike a balance between the conflicting interests of the parties to the contract. Manuscript profile
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        20 - Comparative Analysis of the Financial Regime of New Petroleum Contracts, Known as IPC, and Buyback Trade in Terms of Costs
        Alireza Hasanalizadeh ali zarea mahdi montazer
        One of the key components of contracts is the associated charges. This paper studies types of costs in buyback and the new petroleum contracts for the first time. Buyback contracts are financially comprised of capital expenditure, non-capital expenditure, project’ More
        One of the key components of contracts is the associated charges. This paper studies types of costs in buyback and the new petroleum contracts for the first time. Buyback contracts are financially comprised of capital expenditure, non-capital expenditure, project’s financing cost, operating cost and remuneration. The most important difference between the new petroleum contracts and the buyback contracts is the longer duration of the new petroleum contracts as well as the presence of the contractor during the period of operation. The financial structure of these contracts is comprised of government revenue and oil cost and the oil cost is comprised of direct capital expenditure, indirect cost, cost of money, operating cost and remuneration. Unlike the buyback contracts, direct capital expenditure in the new petroleum contracts has no specified ceiling from the outset and it is determined on an annual basis in consideration of the behavior of reservoir and market conditions (inputs). Cost of money has been provisioned in the new petroleum contracts for project financing and this item is defined in the buyback contracts as “bank charge”. In contrast to the buyback contracts in which all direct and indirect expenses incurred by contractor were subject to interest, in the new petroleum contracts, only indirect expenses and delay in repayment of expenses on due date are subject to interest. Manuscript profile
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        21 - Designing the bank deposit forecasting model based on behavioral accounting and money market
        Ahmad Aghazadeh Kamakli sina kherdyar Mohammad Reza Azadehdel
        The main purpose of this study is to provide a model to explain the factors affecting the amount of bank deposits with respect to internal and external factors. The research is of applied type and is performed qualitatively with grounded theory technique. Data were coll More
        The main purpose of this study is to provide a model to explain the factors affecting the amount of bank deposits with respect to internal and external factors. The research is of applied type and is performed qualitatively with grounded theory technique. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Theoretical sampling continued until the categories were saturated. And ten depositors were interviewed. Then, based on the systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin theories in three main steps of open coding, axial coding and selective coding, the bank deposit forecasting model with emphasis on behavioral accounting and money market was presented. Finally, the validity of the developed theory was examined. The results show that the central category of the model is the behavior of depositors. Preservation of the value of money, security of capital, banking services, ease of access, social effects are called causal conditions. The role of parallel markets and customer characteristics are considered as conditions involved. The conditions of the Islamic society, the role of the government and the economic structure of the country are the background conditions. Manuscript profile
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        22 - Modeling risk in accordance with the financing structure in the money market based on probabilistic decision theory
        hamidreza iravani hamidreza kordlouieuie narges yazdanian
        has not been raised in recent years, but has been the focus of researchers in recent decades. Different sources of financing make it possible to make the desired investment and can increase the wealth of shareholders. Therefore, considering the importance of risk in the More
        has not been raised in recent years, but has been the focus of researchers in recent decades. Different sources of financing make it possible to make the desired investment and can increase the wealth of shareholders. Therefore, considering the importance of risk in the financing structure, the purpose of this study is to model risk in accordance with the financing structure in the money market based on probabilistic decision theory. In terms of research method, this research is in the category of descriptive-analytical research of the time series type. The statistical population of the study is experts in the field of financial management of banks. In this study, after reviewing various literature in the fields of financial risks and financial ratios of banks, the most important risks were identified. A combination of two methods was used to collect data. By using the library method of the subject literature; A theoretical framework and background were provided for the research, and in the second stage, we modeled by collecting the opinions of experts. In this study, after collecting information, Ahp technique was used. The results showed that systematic risk has the highest priority. Liquidity risk is in the second priority. Income distribution risk in the third priority, operational risk in the fourth priority, capital risk in the fifth priority, credit risk in the sixth priority,Market risk in the seventh priority,Competition risk in the Eighth priority andMarket liquidity risk in the last priority. has it. Manuscript profile
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        23 - The role of organizational risk management in the money laundering risk of organizations
        SAEED AMIRI Rasoul ABDI asgar pakmaram yagob aghdam mazrea
        Money laundering is an illegal activity in which the proceeds of wrongdoing enter the global economy and gain legal legitimacy. The effects of money laundering on the economy can be mitigated by planning programs and solutions. This phenomenon causes serious damage to a More
        Money laundering is an illegal activity in which the proceeds of wrongdoing enter the global economy and gain legal legitimacy. The effects of money laundering on the economy can be mitigated by planning programs and solutions. This phenomenon causes serious damage to a country's economy in the long run, and the existence of money laundering in a country's economy indicates a structural weakness in that country's economy. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to predict the causal relationships between organizational risk management structures (control environment, risk assessment, control activities, information and communication and monitoring) and money laundering risk of organizations. The statistical population of this study includes company managers, auditors and faculty members of universities (experts in the field of capital market, banking and auditing) and a standard questionnaire was used to collect data. After performing the reliability and validity tests of the sample data, the relevant analyzes were performed based on the structural equation modeling approach. The results showed that money laundering risk of organizations is affected by organizational risk management structures (control environment and information and communication). Manuscript profile
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        24 - The effect of prior performance of investors on stock price based on Prospect theory
        Mohammad Kaffash Panjeshahi Farrokh Barzideh
        In this article utility of investors contains utility from consumption and utility from fluctuations in their investments. To prove the effect of prior performance of investors on stock price first the utility function was defined based on Prospect theory and variables More
        In this article utility of investors contains utility from consumption and utility from fluctuations in their investments. To prove the effect of prior performance of investors on stock price first the utility function was defined based on Prospect theory and variables relating to prior outcomes and loss aversion were factored into utility function and then price equations were defined. In the other form, variables relating to prior performance in utility function were removed and price equations were defined. Next, the P/D ratio and logarithmic growth of stock prices were simulated in both forms and compared against real market data. By utilizing ANOVA and K-Means in the 1381-1393 period, it became clear that the mean and standard deviation in the first form are closer to real market data than those of the second form, meaning that removing variables relating to investors' prior returns from the utility function resulted in weaker estimates, the effect of prior investment performance of investors was confirmed Manuscript profile
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        25 - Styles of Financial Regulation in Iran & U.K
        Hossein Monavari Mohammad Rasekh
        Regulation is a relatively recent method in exercising sovereignty by a government. The first step of regulation is taken when the governmentintervenes to uphold public interests and the rights of individuals in economy. Regulation is nowa recognized theory of governmen More
        Regulation is a relatively recent method in exercising sovereignty by a government. The first step of regulation is taken when the governmentintervenes to uphold public interests and the rights of individuals in economy. Regulation is nowa recognized theory of government.  The importanceof financial markets in economics for securing short-term and long term financial sources forproducers and the government is such that weakness or lack of regulation in the financialmarket has been recognized as the main reason for many contemporary global economiccrises. Proper analysis of the performance and objectives of regulation in financial marketsrequires a study of governmental styles of intervention and their various means ofimplementation therein. In the present paper, the Islamic Republic of Iran and the United Kingdom have been selected withrespect to their completely different starting points in their approach to regulation of financialmarkets and a comparison is drawn between the legal, political and economic contexts for theformation of financial markets and their regulation, the various relevant processes that shapethe relations between government, regulators, financial market operators and the publicinterest within the regulatory framework. The study yields that the political economy and economic setting of a state forms the basis for the regulatory style applied to financial markets. The integrated regulation of the financial market and capital in the United Kingdom and the multifactorial, mandated regulation in Iran are the result of these settings. There exists a significant need for integrated management of capital and financial markets and in Iran, which should be focused on realizing proper privatization and making financial resources available. In the UK, dynamic styles and a broad spectrum of different regulators has secured privatization and a strong financial market despite rapid alterations to laws and in the face of the crises the state has faced Manuscript profile
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        26 - Optimizing technical indicator rules
        Reza Tehrani Hamed Fogharaei
        In finance field, two ways are the most important to analysis, fundamental and technical analysis. Different experience showed that, using one of them, independently, cannot bring in return more than they are used together. So, it seems are needed more researches in thi More
        In finance field, two ways are the most important to analysis, fundamental and technical analysis. Different experience showed that, using one of them, independently, cannot bring in return more than they are used together. So, it seems are needed more researches in this section of finance field. In technical analysis by using information such as prices and traded volume, indicators are calculated and base on roles that introduce with them, decision are made. It probably the normal roles of indicators are not profitable more than before and are not able to bring extreme return to investors that use them. In stock market without enough efficiency, using technical analysis caused returns more than using fundamental analysis, independently. In this paper will tested to optimize indicators’ normal roles and is tried to produce efficient tools to bring return more. So that are used 50 companies that are much traded in years between 21 of march 2008 to 20 of march 2012 and optimizing are done first by using trying all of area and in second step by using enetic algorithm and finally compare to result from normal roles of indicators and buy and hold. Manuscript profile
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        27 - Evaluating and Prioritizing of the Risk of Money Laundering Criteria (Case Study: Refah Bank)
        Soodabeh Jafarzadeh Ahmadreza Ghasemi
        Money laundering is any action for hiding or changing the form of incomes with criminal identity in a way that they are pretended to be legal. Financial, accounting and legal tools were used. In this process as means of changing nature, identity, form and illegal assess More
        Money laundering is any action for hiding or changing the form of incomes with criminal identity in a way that they are pretended to be legal. Financial, accounting and legal tools were used. In this process as means of changing nature, identity, form and illegal assessing. The main objective of this study is evaluating and prioritizing risk indicators of money laundering of customers of Refah Bank. Data were collected from managers and experts who were familiar with money laundering issue and its criteria. In order to data analysis BWM technique was used. The results of prioritizing of 12 research's criteria indicated that "The amount of the first deposit at the opening of an account" and "The use of non-public services" from "Bank account" cluster was located in first and second priority. According to these results and given the economic and social disadvantages of money laundering, the sensitivity to the matching and proportionality of the first amount of deposit at the opening of the account with the type of the customer business and his/her economic activity, as well as the willingness of the customer to use non-public services such as Telephone, swift and the Internet can be considered as a warning to the phenomenon of money laundering. At the end, some practical suggestions and strategies for managers and some suggestions for future research have been developed.     Manuscript profile
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        28 - Economic Analysis of the Possibility of a Tax on Bank Deposits
        Alireza Erfani Hamidreza Kordlouie Smaeil Shamsiyan
        In recent years, the debate over taxes on deposits or it’s profits, each time has been seriously attacked by the newspapers and news agencies. These criticisms and objections, although do not support with the scientific and practical evidences, but official author More
        In recent years, the debate over taxes on deposits or it’s profits, each time has been seriously attacked by the newspapers and news agencies. These criticisms and objections, although do not support with the scientific and practical evidences, but official authorities always and quickly deny it. They believe that negative real interest rates on bank deposits in recent years and negative effect of tax on those rates is cause of evasion and movement of funds from the banking system to non-productive markets. This research is based on theoretical analysis; First it informs taxation’s proofs with logical evidences, Then surveys proofs of critics and rejects them. In this paper, We will prove the necessity of being accessible and easier tax on deposits, then we will deny capital and deposits flighting of the banking system. In this research, money is like blood in the body and financial system specially banks is a blood’s circular system and capitals get banks off when money destroy, hoard or go abroad. Manuscript profile
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        29 - Economic Analysis of the Possibility of a Tax on Bank Deposits
        Khosro Faghani Makarani keramat olah Heydari Rostami Vahid Amin
        In recent years, the debate over taxes on deposits or it’s profits, each time has been seriously attacked by the newspapers and news agencies. These criticisms and objections, although do not support with the scientific and practical evidences, but official author More
        In recent years, the debate over taxes on deposits or it’s profits, each time has been seriously attacked by the newspapers and news agencies. These criticisms and objections, although do not support with the scientific and practical evidences, but official authorities always and quickly deny it. They believe that negative real interest rates on bank deposits in recent years and negative effect of tax on those rates is cause of evasion and movement of funds from the banking system to non-productive markets. This research is based on theoretical analysis; First it informs taxation’s proofs with logical evidences, Then surveys proofs of critics and rejects them. In this paper, We will prove the necessity of being accessible and easier tax on deposits, then we will deny capital and deposits flighting of the banking system. In this research, money is like blood in the body and financial system specially banks is a blood’s circular system and capitals get banks off when money destroy, hoard or go abroad. Manuscript profile
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        30 - Investigating the Short-Term and Long-Term Effects of Real Currency Value on Iran's Stock Exchange
        Masoume Karimi Gholamreza Zomorodian
        Money and monetary policy, on the one hand, are the source of economic activity and on the other hand, the value of money and the speed of its circulation are influenced by the conditions and economic activities. According to many scholars, the criterion of the importan More
        Money and monetary policy, on the one hand, are the source of economic activity and on the other hand, the value of money and the speed of its circulation are influenced by the conditions and economic activities. According to many scholars, the criterion of the importance of money is that it can have a decisive impact on the economical structure of the countries. Along with this approach the present study is looking for to determine and quantify the effect of the real value of money on Iran's gross domestic product, it will be a useful guide for policy makers to properly plan future programs. According to objectives this research is practical and according to the methodology inductive reasoning and the research design is retrospective study; the time period for doing this research is 1991- 2016. In this study, inferential statistics were used to analyze the relationship between variables. Accordingly, based on theoretical foundations and various studies which have been carried out both inside and outside the country, all the variables that influenced the Iran Stock Exchange were identified.In the following, according to the statistical characteristics of the variables, the Autoregressive Distributed Lag(ARDL) was selected as an appropriate econometric model. Based on the real value of money, short-term and long-term money does not have a significant effect on gross domestic product; but government expenditures, exports, imports and exchange rates have a positive and significant impact on Iran Stock Exchange over the short term and in the long termperiod. The results also indicated that the error correction model (ECM) coefficient in the study was about 0. 347; in other words, about 34.7 percent of the Iran Stock Exchange's imbalance variable from its long-term values disappears after a period of time. Accordingly, if the Iran Stock Exchange exits from the initial equilibrium due to the shock, 3 courses of time are needed to correct short-term imbalances and gross domestic product will return to the original long-term equilibrium. Manuscript profile
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        31 - THE JURIDICAL AND LEGAL STUDY OF “AGHELEH”
        Rohoolah Afzali
        One of the important issues in Islamic Law is the issue of “Agheleh” and and its responsibility in atonement and paying blood money. The term “Agheleh” is rooted in the Arabic word “Aghl” which means hindering and stopp More
        One of the important issues in Islamic Law is the issue of “Agheleh” and and its responsibility in atonement and paying blood money. The term “Agheleh” is rooted in the Arabic word “Aghl” which means hindering and stopping and is a title colloquially given to a person who takes the responsibility of compensating for the blood money instead of the person who has committed the crime. This people will be the male maternal or paternal next of keens as they are to be inherited. Some conditions should be met for the “Agheleh” to take the responsibility of paying the compensation. These details are studied in the present article. Manuscript profile
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        32 - Sex and Social Rights from Quran's View Point
        Reza Dehghan Nezhad Hossein Bostan (Najafi)
        Despite of all extremes of some schools' complainant of human right, the sex does not play any role in human position and identity. Thus in many individual assignments there is complete similarity and commonality between men and women; but some sexual invalid difference More
        Despite of all extremes of some schools' complainant of human right, the sex does not play any role in human position and identity. Thus in many individual assignments there is complete similarity and commonality between men and women; but some sexual invalid differences are assumed between men and women according to natural suitability and along with social expediency; consequently the abovementioned differences caused some different rights and assignments. Therefore the present paper reviews common assignments between men and women and studies their root from seven different aspects. Manuscript profile
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        33 - Compensation of all damages conducted to people is the evident juridical and legal principles including physical damages on people so that it could be compensated .However, there is different points of view especially way of physical damage compensation.
        gader AHMADI ahmad moradkhani alireza asgari ohammadmahdi ahmadi
        Compensation of all damages conducted to people is the evident juridical and legal principles including physical damages on people so that it could be compensated .However, there is different points of view especially way of physical damage compensation.Some jurists onl More
        Compensation of all damages conducted to people is the evident juridical and legal principles including physical damages on people so that it could be compensated .However, there is different points of view especially way of physical damage compensation.Some jurists only consider way of physical damage compensation through civil regulation responsibility.On the other hand, Imamyeh jurists and some lawyers accept way of physical damage compensation through blood money institution. Approving laws accept physical damage compensation after Islamic revolution through blood money institution.However, in some cases physical damages conducted on people stay without preparation and compensation due to treatment expenses that it led to citisize some injuries from one point and on the other hand groups of lawyers about the wayvof physical damage compensation and mere consideration to blood money institution and finally lack of juridical answer caused problems.Whereas there should be no damage without any prepation and compensation remain based on juridical and lawful evident regulation. Therefore, it should be considered new law and appropriate to requests and requirements of society and adaptable to common law accepted to tradition both blood money institution acted and it should not allow any damage to remain without preparation. Manuscript profile
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        34 - A Survey on contradiction of crime considering of Money Laundering through juridical formulas of no harm and possessive hand
        محمد امین ملکی سید محمد مهدی احمدی علی رضا عسگری
        One of the new crimes which in criminal and civil law are being considered as a crime is money laundering. Jurist has prohibited this new crime based on some titles like prohibition of using other properties in a wrong way, prohibition of arrogation, prohibition of coo More
        One of the new crimes which in criminal and civil law are being considered as a crime is money laundering. Jurist has prohibited this new crime based on some titles like prohibition of using other properties in a wrong way, prohibition of arrogation, prohibition of cooperation on sin, expediency laws and…. Some law scholars believe that: it seems that prohibition and considering as crime of money laundering is contradicting with some juridical formulas like possessive hand, no harm, and with regard to these apparent contradictions they have weakened crime considering of money laundering. After a survey on jurist theories, it came to result that there is no contradiction and the path that lead this research to that are: necessity, Islamic society's expediencies and repulse of weak doubt to powerful doubts. This essay has written by library method and it's descriptive. Manuscript profile
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        35 - Analysis of the scope of responsibility for paying blood money from Treasury in Islamic jurisprudence
        Abbas Abedi Mohmmad mahdi Ahmadi
        According to the principle of personal punishment, the offender must be responsible for the payment of blood money in the event of a crime. But this principle has some exceptions, one of which is the payment of blood money Treasury. The scope of liability of the bailiff More
        According to the principle of personal punishment, the offender must be responsible for the payment of blood money in the event of a crime. But this principle has some exceptions, one of which is the payment of blood money Treasury. The scope of liability of the bailiff in some cases, including in line crimes, is even known and available, but according to the law, the steward in the crime is not the guarantor of the payment of blood money and the bailiff is the guarantor in other crimes. In some cases, the offender has been held responsible for the payment of blood money, despite the lack of identification of Johnny and his inaccessibility, such as being killed as a result of disturbances and chaos. But in relation to social issues there are cases where, despite the entry of illegitimate damages, the responsibility for the payment of blood money and compensation is not borne by a specific person, and in the legal and legal texts it is not explicitly stated about them in such cases. Relying on principles of responsibility such as the jurisprudential rules of "the law of the infallible and the lawful" and "disaster", the responsibility to compensate for the dignity of human beings, to secure social justice, to promote public safety, and to support the restoration of their lives. He was in charge of Treasury and took steps in that direction.             Manuscript profile
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        36 - A Comparison between the View of Imāmiah Fiqh and the Four Schools of Thought about Dissection of the Corpse
        Mohammad Mehdi Habibi Alireza Asgari Seyyed Hasan Abedian
        The purpose of the present research is jurisprudential study of dissection of the corpse condition in Imāmiah Fiqh compared to the four schools of thought. The method of study is descriptive-analytic and the results showed that the Sunnis have also admitted dissection o More
        The purpose of the present research is jurisprudential study of dissection of the corpse condition in Imāmiah Fiqh compared to the four schools of thought. The method of study is descriptive-analytic and the results showed that the Sunnis have also admitted dissection of the corpse according to requirements. The Shāfe’is hold the closest view to Imāmiah Figh about dissection of the body. The Māleki school has adopted stricter views with respect to corpse corruption. The Hanbalis believe that transportation of the corpse from a city to another for dissection is forbidden. The Hanafis have allowed a limited time for dissection after which the dead body must be buried. Therefore, it is concluded that except in exceptional circumstances, Imāmiah Fiqh and the four schools of thought have common views about dissection of the corpse. Manuscript profile
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        37 - Iran’s Strategy for Combatting the Financing of Terrorism
        Hosein Salehi Abomohamad Asgarkhani Sohrab Salahi
        10.22034/sej.2021.1930501.1334
        The purpose of the present study is to review the role of Iran in combatting the financing of terrorism. The main research question is: What is the strategy of Iran in combating the financing of terrorism? The method of study is descriptive-analytic and the research res More
        The purpose of the present study is to review the role of Iran in combatting the financing of terrorism. The main research question is: What is the strategy of Iran in combating the financing of terrorism? The method of study is descriptive-analytic and the research results show that some ani-terrorist measures of the Islamic Republic of Iran include: blockage and confiscation of terrorist property and assets, giving information about transactions that are suspicious in terms of terrorism, increasing executive cooperation with other countries regarding investigation about financial resources of terrorism, obligation of the systems of money transfer to observe rules and regulations against money laundering, intensification of measures about customer identification in cases of phone transfer in national and international levels, and reforming rules and regulations to reassure so called charity and non-profit organizations are not used for financing terrorism. Manuscript profile
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        38 - The effect of corporate governance system on avoiding companies getting caught in the Ponzi trap (Case study: Tehran Capital Market)
        Mojtaba Rezaei Fardin Mansouri Mahdi Faghani
        The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a corporate governance system on avoiding companies getting caught in the Ponzi trap. The research method is applied. The statistical population of this study is Tehran capital market companies. The research per More
        The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a corporate governance system on avoiding companies getting caught in the Ponzi trap. The research method is applied. The statistical population of this study is Tehran capital market companies. The research period is from 1394 to 1398. The statistical population of the research was 132 companies selected as a sample. The data collection methods were library and field that the library method was used to formulate theoretical foundations and the field method was used to test research hypotheses. The data collection tool was the databases of companies that are members of Tehran Capital Market, which was obtained from the Kedal website. In this study, correlation test and regression analysis and Eviews software were used to test the research hypotheses and determine whether or not it was significant. According to the findings of the study, the management system with good, average, and poor performance affects companies in the Ponzi trap and it can be concluded that corporate governance systems are effective in companies avoiding the Ponzi trap. Therefore, companies have to use domestic and international capital markets to finance themselves. Through the system of governance, they can play a key role in the decision-making of investors and lenders, and this will make these companies less inclined to Money Making, so, in this case, the companies will be more careful about getting caught in the Ponzi scheme. Manuscript profile
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        39 - Investigating the effect of culture on the Investor's financial bias according to the role of attitude toward money
        Maryam Ghane Zahra Sadeqi-Arani Esmail Mazroui Nasrabadi
        10.30486/fbra.2023.1976778.1173
        Bias is an important issue in behavioral finance and it reduces market efficiency. Previous studies have been mainly conducted in order to investigate the presence or absence of types of bias among market investors, but the present research has investigated the relation More
        Bias is an important issue in behavioral finance and it reduces market efficiency. Previous studies have been mainly conducted in order to investigate the presence or absence of types of bias among market investors, but the present research has investigated the relationship between the investor's individual culture, monetary attitude and financial biases. The statistical population of the study is the investors of Tehran Stock Exchange and the sample size is 384. A questionnaire was used to collect information and the obtained data were analyzed with regression analysis methods. 6 groups of hypotheses were examined. The results showed that power distance has a significant effect on conservatism and availability. Effort/ability has a (full) mediating role between the long-term orientation and conservatism and between the extremism and conservatism. Power distance with money obsession and gaining power ambiguity aversion with inadequacy, long-term orientation with money retention and effort/ability, patriarchy with money retention and inadequacy, has a direct relationship. Individualism has an inverse relationship with inadequacy and a direct relationship with effort/ability, effort/ability has a direct relationship with conservatism, and power distance has a direct relationship with conservatism and availability. There is a significant difference in regret aversion between women and men, in loss aversion between age groups, in the illusion of control between different employment situations, and in loss aversion between different amounts of monthly allocation to buy stocks. According to the findings, it is suggested to take action in the field of shareholder training and providing financial advice according to personality type. Manuscript profile
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        40 - Application of Mathematics in Financial Management
        Sanjay Tripathi
        10.22034/amfa.2019.583576.1169
        Manuscript profile
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        41 - Investigating the Impact of National Currency Value Shocks on the Inflation Structure and Unemployment of the New Keynesian Model Using a Dynamically Computable General Equilibrium Approach
        Hediyehsadat Mirsharafodini Abdolmajid Jalaee Mohsen Zayandehroodi
        10.22034/amfa.2022.1958309.1748
        Manuscript profile
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        42 - Money laundering in sport is evidence of hidden corruption; the need to provide solutions to prevent it
        Taha Razmara Nariman Fakheri Ramin Poursaid Poursaid
        10.30495/kmsj.2022.1965579.1034
        One of the most important examples of corruption; Money laundering is a criminal phenomenon. And the field of sports because of the desire of people to play a role, popularity, public interest and investment in it; It is a good breeding ground for the spread of this hid More
        One of the most important examples of corruption; Money laundering is a criminal phenomenon. And the field of sports because of the desire of people to play a role, popularity, public interest and investment in it; It is a good breeding ground for the spread of this hidden corruption (money laundering). The research method was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of descriptive-correlational nature which was performed by field method. Data were collected using a version of a semi-standard questionnaire whose face validity and content were determined by experts and its reliability was determined based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The statistical population of the study consisted of official experts in the field of sports and members of the National Sports Law Association. 160 samples were selected by simple random sampling. Software packages (SPSS) and (Excel) were used to process and analyze the data. The results of Pearson correlation test showed that there is a significant relationship between all independent and dependent components. Also, using the Friedman ranking test, the dimension (customer suspicious transaction report) with the rank (4.85) and the average (19.98) and the dimension (training of employees of sports organizations) with the rank (1.23) and the average (6.413), respectively, have the most and the least effect. (Importance) in preventing the crime of money laundering. Therefore, it seems that a combination of all the variables used is appropriate to prevent money laundering in sports organizations. Manuscript profile
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        43 - Review of Anti-Terrorist Financing Laws and Regulations in Iranian and Afghan Law and International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism
        Hamidreza Dabirzadeh Ahmad Hajidehabadi Hasan Pourbaferani
        One of the direst issues of the modern era is terrorism and it’s financing. Fortunately, we see some strong will to tackle this malign problem in Afghanistan (2013), so the present criminal laws and the laws against terrorism (2017) financing are drafted in this r More
        One of the direst issues of the modern era is terrorism and it’s financing. Fortunately, we see some strong will to tackle this malign problem in Afghanistan (2013), so the present criminal laws and the laws against terrorism (2017) financing are drafted in this respect. Recent findings demonstrate flaws in Iranian and Afghan laws and regulations to fight terrorism financing and even those laws present lack cohesion and does not encompass the whole aspects of their dangerous action. Therefore, this situation necessitates full and immediate cooperation between Iran and Afghanistan to draft appropriate criminal laws to take firm action to punish the terrorism financers and put an end to violators of state regulations in supporting terrorism. However, we have to examine the compliancy of the present Iranian and Afghan laws to the related convention which indicate full adherence by Afghan laws and some by the Iranian laws Manuscript profile
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        44 - Forecasting the exchange rate using futures studies methods and examining the effect of currency fluctuations on the performance of companies: A case study of Iran Tobacco Company
        Alireza Fathinia Ali Badizadeh
        Exchange rates always have a high priority and attractiveness in society, especially among companies. Different methods are used to predict the exchange rate, among which structural methods as methods of fundamental analysis, a little precision in advance. They have an More
        Exchange rates always have a high priority and attractiveness in society, especially among companies. Different methods are used to predict the exchange rate, among which structural methods as methods of fundamental analysis, a little precision in advance. They have an accurate forecast of the exchange rate, but they are very useful as a long-term perspective and illuminate the movement of the exchange rate. Technical compensation can be used to compensate for the shortcomings of these methods. Using futures research techniques, in addition to covering the study gap of futures research techniques in forecasting exchange rates, errors due to quantitative methods have been minimized so that companies are prepared for the occurrence of various situations. In the final part of the article, the effect of currency fluctuations on the performance indicators of the tobacco company during the last three years is examined. The results of the study indicate that currency fluctuations have the first and greatest impact on the implementation of development projects and also sudden economic shocks are not immediately reflected in the performance of companies and due to the presence of shock absorbers such as inventory in Warehousing, borrowing purchases and long-term debt creation, over time, gradually affect and weaken the company's performance. Manuscript profile
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        45 - Identifying and prioritizing the factors of the smart money model in the Iranian stock market with hierarchical technique AHP
        Khadijeh Eidantorkzadeh Farzin Rezaei Amir Reza Keyghobadi Mohsen Seighali
        This study aims to identify the conditions and factors affecting smart money and prioritize the variables obtained based on these conditions in the Iranian stock market. This research method is applied in terms of purpose and based on data; it is a mixed type that was d More
        This study aims to identify the conditions and factors affecting smart money and prioritize the variables obtained based on these conditions in the Iranian stock market. This research method is applied in terms of purpose and based on data; it is a mixed type that was done to identify qualitative factors through interviews with experts and prioritize the identified quantitative factors using a questionnaire. The statistical population was selected using a sampling method with maximum diversity. The research model prioritized three levels with all specified conditions and factors and tested with software (Expert choice) and hierarchical analysis techniques. The incompatibility rate in all pairwise comparisons is less than 0.1, so the research model is approved. The criterion of causal conditions has gained the first rank in the first level. In the second level, among the categories (causal conditions, macroeconomic factors), (context conditions, laws and regulations imposed by the government) and (intervening conditions, Parallel Markets Behavior) rank first. At the third level, exchange rate fluctuations rank first. Manuscript profile
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        46 - A Multi-Periodic Multi-Product Inventory Control Problem with Discount: GA Optimization Algorithm
        Seyed Mohsen Mousavi Seyed Hamidreza Pasandideh
        Manuscript profile
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        47 - rflection jurisprudence around cotiguos parable of credit money
        morteza mohammadirad sayidmohammad shfieydarabi Nasrin Karimi
        Money is a matter of some jurisprudential and legal practice, which, without knowing its present naturejurisprudentia, can not issue storong verdict. The issue of currency depreciation necessity orlackof necessity for the compensation of currency depreciation in rejuris More
        Money is a matter of some jurisprudential and legal practice, which, without knowing its present naturejurisprudentia, can not issue storong verdict. The issue of currency depreciation necessity orlackof necessity for the compensation of currency depreciation in rejurisprudentiacent decades has The debates of probleme andchallenging in economics and jurisprudential circies . The people of ourthe community are involved in different ways with the issue. How to pay off debts in extreme hyper inflation condations is closely related to how deal with the nature of present currency. In this regard, the opponents and propenents of the need for compensation of the currency deprecition have different views on the nature of the money. opponency of currency depreciates the money from the examples and considers the nominal value to be the equivalent of the consequence of the depreciation of the value of money. Understand that the need for compensating for the decline in the value of money is a paragon of money, and they consider buying as an example of credit money We do not consider the depreciation of money to be a rationale. In this article, we are going to present the use of evidence-based and descriptive-analytical methods and information library information for determining the purchasing power of creditin cash Manuscript profile
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        48 - Criticism of embezzlement and smuggling of goods as examples of money laundering
        mihammad ali ebrahimzadehmolaei Akbar Fallah Ali Faghihi
        Money laundering is a legitimate and illegal manifestation of illicit and illegal property, and this phenomenon is one of the transnational organized crimes that has harmful effects and effects at the international level and interferes with social, political, economic a More
        Money laundering is a legitimate and illegal manifestation of illicit and illegal property, and this phenomenon is one of the transnational organized crimes that has harmful effects and effects at the international level and interferes with social, political, economic and security issues. It has significant social and political consequences for societies, and to compare it with the crimes of embezzlement and smuggling of goods, the clear jurisprudential principles such as the verses of Akal Mal to Badal, Akl Sahat, narrations and rules of jurisprudence such as the rule of no harm and maintaining order, highlight this phenomenon. It implies that the principles and teachings of the religion of Islam, such as prohibition and prohibition (acquisition of property in vain) and the behavior of the great leaders of Islam regarding money laundering operations, which lead to the use of illicit income, are also taken into account. If the property is invalid) and it is considered a haram act and according to the rule: (Al-Tughrir for the whole of Muharram action) and the rule: (Al-Ta'zir with us for the way of ruling), the Islamic ruler can impose punishment for such forbidden and harmful acts on the interests of the communi Manuscript profile
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        49 - Deadline for Payment of Blood Money in Quasi-intentional Murder
        mohammad mohseni dehkalani ali mohammadian elaheh gholizadeh
        Lawmaker in new Islamic penal code in chapter five of general articles of atonements, under paragraph b of article 488, has determined two years deadline for payment atonement in quasi-intentional murder, as the murderer is required to pay half of atonement per year. Th More
        Lawmaker in new Islamic penal code in chapter five of general articles of atonements, under paragraph b of article 488, has determined two years deadline for payment atonement in quasi-intentional murder, as the murderer is required to pay half of atonement per year. This viewpoint is accompanied agreement of famous Imam Jurists with itself. The main famous reason after consensus, is being "different criteria". They believe since the quasi-intentional murder is lighter than first degree murder, and harder than chance-medley, and as respects in first degree murder that causing atonement and chance-medley murderer have to paid atonement respectively in one and three years so in quasi-intentional murder naturally this term should be two years. The author with conflict in was claimed consensus and denial mentioned credit reason and cited to evidence predications of deadline for payment atonement, and also cited to practical principle in position, respite and term payment of mentioned atonement knows three years. Manuscript profile
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        50 - Concept and Nature of Money and the Guarantee of Devaluation and Delayed Payment Compensation Related to Bill Debt Repayment
        ali akbar izadifard hamid abhari hossein bahrami
        The legislator has allowed the governor to give moratorium or installment to the lender based on article 652. If the debt subject be related to the bill, the value of money may decrease. Also, the lender may be deprived from the benefits that could obtain by the use o More
        The legislator has allowed the governor to give moratorium or installment to the lender based on article 652. If the debt subject be related to the bill, the value of money may decrease. Also, the lender may be deprived from the benefits that could obtain by the use of his money too. There are many different viewpoints among the scholars in relation with being eligible of devaluation and compensation of delayed payment. It seems that devaluation is under the guarantee and purchasing power of money must be respected. But according to article 522, there is no possibility to compensate devaluation. Compensation of delayed payment is not eligible too. Manuscript profile
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        51 - Judicial Study of Blood Money Considering the Present-time Conditions
        Mahmoud Aghajani Ahmad Abedini mohammadali heidari Nadali Ashoori
        This research aims at reviewing the religious jurisprudence of the amount of blood money and the slaughterer’s arbitrary choice, meaning whether the six forms in which the blood money can be paid (camel, ox, sheep, Dirham, Dinar, Yamani Hilla) are still valid or n More
        This research aims at reviewing the religious jurisprudence of the amount of blood money and the slaughterer’s arbitrary choice, meaning whether the six forms in which the blood money can be paid (camel, ox, sheep, Dirham, Dinar, Yamani Hilla) are still valid or not? Or is it logical that the slaughterer have arbitrary choice over these six forms of payment?  According to Shiite Religious Jurisprudents’ fatwa and the Words, the blood money of manslaughter of a Muslim male is said to be in one of the six forms (camel, ox, sheep, Dirham, Dinar, Yamani Hilla). The most prominent Shiite religious jurisprudents believe that the slaughterer is free to choose among these said forms, but the results of this study shows firstly that these six forms of blood money payment are not valid at the present time, rather, what was intended by the religious lawgiver had been some amount of money determined by the Islamic ruler in accordance with Sharia’s references and the era’s conditions to be paid to the slaughtered in order to prevent the blood of a Muslim going to waste, secondly that the arbitrary choice of slaughterer in the form of payment is not logical at present conditions. So it is recommended that the amount of blood money and the arbitrary choice of the slaughterer be revised by the Shiite religious jurisprudents with religious deducing according to present time conditions. The method of this study is descriptive-analytical in which the necessary information has been gathered by studying The Words and reviewing some of the prominent Shiite’s religious jurisprudents verdict on manslaughter’s blood money Manuscript profile
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        52 - Legal and Penal Analysis of Article 268 of Islamic Punishment law.
        Javad Habibi
        According to Islamic punishment law, Quran and prophetic religion, murder resulted to punishment of retaliation.The mentioned punishment regards as penalties which have private aspect. Right owners in Islamic religion, contrary to previous religion, can select one of th More
        According to Islamic punishment law, Quran and prophetic religion, murder resulted to punishment of retaliation.The mentioned punishment regards as penalties which have private aspect. Right owners in Islamic religion, contrary to previous religion, can select one of these cases (retaliation or forgiveness). On this basis Islamic legislators in Hodood and Retaliation Act (1361) in article 54 have expressly recognized this right for the sacrifical parents. It’s the law that after victim’s death this right transfers to the sacrificial parents. Nevertheless, legislator, contrary to the mentioned article, grants the forgiveness right to victim with ratification of article 268 of Islamic punishment law. But this article is not correct and legal according to the analysis in this essay. However, in spite of the present objections, the drafters proposed Islamic punishment code in article 18 and 315. This code extends the concept of forgiveness and refers to blood-money. It also indicates that the sacrificial parents can’t request the blood-money but in article 268, they can request it.   Manuscript profile
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        53 - A Reflection on the Effect of Amare Yad on Money Laundering
        hossein tajabady mohammad sadegh azadfar Ali Banaee
        10.22034/ijrj.2020.678157
        The phenomenon of money laundering has become one of the problems of the global economy in the present age. Therefore, countries and international forums seriously intend to deal with this phenomenon and its destructive effects and consequences. The Islamic Republic of More
        The phenomenon of money laundering has become one of the problems of the global economy in the present age. Therefore, countries and international forums seriously intend to deal with this phenomenon and its destructive effects and consequences. The Islamic Republic of Iran, like other countries, passed the Anti-Money Laundering Law in twelve articles to combat money laundering. In addition to the problems and destructive effects that this phenomenon has on the economies of countries, including the Islamic Republic of Iran, the existence of Article 1 of the Anti-Money Laundering Law has caused many problems, including the failure to open cases and vote. Accordingly, the present study, relying on traditional arguments of the rule of Amare Yad and government jurisprudence, examines its effect on the crime of money laundering and the rightness or wrongness of removing it from the law, and then concludes that the removal of Amare Yad on the crime of money laundering is against the rules and regulations of Sharia and law. Manuscript profile
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        54 - To Compensate Spiritual Loss Caused by Losses Surplus to Blood- Money
        Zahra Fehresti Mansoureh Fasih Rmanandi
        Discussing about spiritual loss and its calculation and compensation method is one of the most interesting matters and intricate issues of law and legal researches too. In spite of suitable background in legal texts for the possibity of compensating spiritual loss, the More
        Discussing about spiritual loss and its calculation and compensation method is one of the most interesting matters and intricate issues of law and legal researches too. In spite of suitable background in legal texts for the possibity of compensating spiritual loss, the majority of law courts avoid to judge about spiritual losses demand. One of the cases of spiritual losses is the loss surplus to blood-money, since each person loses different physical and spiritual benefits due to physical damages. It should be mentioned that paying blood-money is not sufficient for compensation of some damages. It would be a disputable issue in the legal law courts.  Manuscript profile
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        55 - The Criterion of Payment of Debt and Borrowings in Condition of Increasing the Purchasing Power of Money after the Expiration of the Debt
        Seyyed Rahmatollah Danesh Mirkohan Seyyed Mohammad Hassan Haeri Ahmad Ali Yousefi
        10.22034/ijrj.2019.666895
        The value of credit money may increase due to some reasons. In the premise of devaluation, there are clear jurisprudential views about the amount of repayment of debt after maturity. However, in case that the value of money increases, how much the debtor should repay? S More
        The value of credit money may increase due to some reasons. In the premise of devaluation, there are clear jurisprudential views about the amount of repayment of debt after maturity. However, in case that the value of money increases, how much the debtor should repay? Since the actual due (right) of the creditor and debtor is jurisprudentially an important issue, this question must be clearly answered. Answering to this important question, on one hand, requires a precise examination of some aspects of the issue of credit money, and, on the other hand, needs the presentation of clear jurisprudential proofs. According to the stated assumptions, the research hypothesis is as follows: The purchasing power of money in the debt is the criterion of payment of debt in the premise of the increased value of the money. Using a descriptive-analytical method and collecting library data, we concluded that in the event of a sharp increase in the value of money, and while the debtor is not able to pay the debt at maturity date, he must pay an amount lower than the nominal amount received to the creditor. However, in the event of a slight increase in the value of the money, the payment of the nominal amount is considered the full payment of the debt. If the purchasing power of money has increased since the time of its receiving until the time of its payment, and the debtor pays the debt after the deadline despite the ability to pay, he needs to pay the received nominal to the creditor to compensate the losses. Manuscript profile
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        56 - The conflict and justification of the reversal of the burden of proof in money laundering with the principles and rules of jurisprudence
        abolfazl alishahi Mahdiyah Maali
        10.22034/ijrj.2022.694912
        Money laundering means legalizing the origin of dirty money, among new crimes that the legislator has more sensitively approved due to its specific characteristics and apparent conflict with some jurisprudential foundations and documents. Also, its jurisprudential docum More
        Money laundering means legalizing the origin of dirty money, among new crimes that the legislator has more sensitively approved due to its specific characteristics and apparent conflict with some jurisprudential foundations and documents. Also, its jurisprudential documentation is not well clarified and at the first glance, it seems to be in conflict with some jurisprudential principles and rules among which is the burden of proof process. In criminal lawsuits, the prosecuting attorney basically proves the cause, and based on this, one is obliged to prove the elements of the alleged crime. But this issue is reversed in the crime of money laundering and the burden of proving the legality of the obtained money is placed on the accused. Therefore, apparently, the process of prosecution, trial, and proof of a crime is in conflict with such fundamental rules as the rule of "Al-Bina Ala Al-Mada'i", the rule of "Yad", the principle of "quietus" and the principle of "authenticity". In this regard, the text of the amendment of the Anti-Money Laundering Law approved in 2017 states that the legislator has paid attention to this point, and in notes 1 and 3 of article 2 of this law, he considers the meaning of knowledge to be the same as the knowledge of a judge as stated in the Islamic Penal Code. Therefore, if the meaning of suspicion is close to judge knowledge in this law, relying on the evidence of the authority of the judge's knowledge, the crime can be easily proven, and the issue of reversal of the burden of proof is eliminated. And, if a problem is stated that the strength of the evidence of suspicion is close to the knowledge, it does not reach the level of knowledge of a judge. Here, with the objectivity of suspicion and the incompleteness of its evidence, the mentioned conflict will be created, which must be resolved. The leading research with jurisprudential and principled approach and with descriptive-analytical method has expressed and resolved the mentioned conflicts and finally, the non-conflict of these rules has been concluded. Manuscript profile
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        57 - The Impact of the Death of the Intentional Murderer in Constancy of Blood Money in the Criminal Law of Iran
        Majid ghourchibaygi Ali Maleki
        10.22034/ijrj.2020.673327
        The death of the intentional murderer is one of the instances that renders impossible the execution of retaliation (qisas) since the location for the execution of the retaliation which is the physical body of the murderer is eliminated. There has long been controversy a More
        The death of the intentional murderer is one of the instances that renders impossible the execution of retaliation (qisas) since the location for the execution of the retaliation which is the physical body of the murderer is eliminated. There has long been controversy among jurists over the payment of blood money for murder in the case of the death of the murderer in deliberate homicide. Some jurists believe in the lapse of blood money with the death of the murderer. On the other hand, some other jurists consider the constancy of the payment of blood money with the impossibility of retaliation.  And some even consider an elaboration and take a middle ground.  Legislature is also affected by this diversity so that, before the approval of penal code in 1392, the legislators approved the lapse of blood money, but in the new penal code the previous attitude was abandoned and constancy of blood money is accepted. This paper examines the reasons and evidence of the opponents and advocates and elaborates on the quality of the inclusion in the rule of "No-Waste of Muslim Blood" on the issue of the death of the intentional murderer and considers the aforementioned rule is as the reason behind the ascertainment of blood money. This paper also demonstrates that, in the three situations recognized by tradition, the person responsible for payment of blood money differs in the death of the murderer of the third party compared to the two other kinds of murder. Manuscript profile
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        58 - Jurisprudential Study of the Time of Calculation of Compensation for Late Payment in Administrative Offenses of Rejection of Monetary Property
        Ali Akbar Youssefi rad Seyyed Hossein Sadat Hosseni Ramazan Dehghan
        10.22034/ijrj.2021.680391
        In criminal offenses with restitution of property, such as robbery and fraud, if found guilty of the said crimes and attributed to the accused, in addition to the sentence of legal punishment, the accused is also sentenced to restitute property of theft and fraud by law More
        In criminal offenses with restitution of property, such as robbery and fraud, if found guilty of the said crimes and attributed to the accused, in addition to the sentence of legal punishment, the accused is also sentenced to restitute property of theft and fraud by law. If the plaintiff files a claim for delayed payment of damages along with a criminal complaint, given that there may be several times in criminal cases (1. Time when theft or fraud was committed; 2, Time for filing a complaint in the court; 3. Time of final verdict), the court will sentence the accused to pay damages for the loss of value of the money, called delayed payment, at a specific time. According to Article 522 of the Code of Civil Procedure, which considers the claim to be the basis for delay payment in the above cases, one of the abovementioned times will be selected as the claim. However, it can be added that since Article 522 considers the basis of calculation to be the time of claim, should the liability determined so that the time of claim may be regarded as the basis of calculation. Whenever liability has not yet been determined or the accused refuses crimes (robbery and fraud), and on the other hand, the amount of debt is still uncertain, should the time of filing a complaint be the basis of calculating delayed payment or one of the abovementioned times should be the basis of calculations? It seems that the time for calculating delayed payment of crimes with restitution of money is the time when theft or fraud was committed. Manuscript profile
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        59 - The Effective social Factors of Social Trust on Banking System (Case study: Saderat Bank in Mazandaran)
        Mohammad Gooya Ghorbanali Ebrahimi
        10.22034/ssyj.2022.1924024.1170
        Manuscript profile
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        60 - The Meaning of Money among Young Students: A Phenomenological Study
        milad Pourrajabi Ahmadreza Asgharpour Masouleh
        Manuscript profile
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        61 - The monetary system of Muslims in Iran until the end of the Umayyad rule
        Abas Shahraki Ebrahim Khorasani Parizi Ali Rahimisadegh
        In this study, which has been compiled as a library, an attempt has been made to examine the attitude of Muslim Arabs towards the monetary system of Iran, which was the main basis of the Sassanid financial system. Historical narrations show that the second caliph, consi More
        In this study, which has been compiled as a library, an attempt has been made to examine the attitude of Muslim Arabs towards the monetary system of Iran, which was the main basis of the Sassanid financial system. Historical narrations show that the second caliph, considering the lack of Arab history in government and financial affairs, accepted the Iranian financial system and made adjustments to bring it in line with Islam. In the financial system inherited from Muslims, money and coins are of great importance. It was because in addition to facilitating trade, it would gain the wealth of the Islamic Caliphate, so the Islamic caliphs minted the Sassanid coins again with a few changes in the name of the Sassanid Arabs, and until 1977, when Abdul Malik minted the first independent Islamic coin, The east was the same Sassanid Arab coins, and from this year onwards, independent Islamic coins were minted in the lands of the Islamic Caliphate in the east and west, and of course each caliph made changes to its design and role, and perhaps these coins are called He himself became famous. Manuscript profile
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        62 - Money Priming and Trust among Children: Evidence of a Field Experiment
        Zahra Ebrahimi Masoud Homayounifar Mehdi Feizi
        10.30495/eco.2021.1897413.2345
        In addition to typical functions of money such as a medium of exchange, a means of evaluation, and storing the value of goods and services, it also has a symbolic character. Money due to its symbolic character can be used as a social goal in regulating interpersonal and More
        In addition to typical functions of money such as a medium of exchange, a means of evaluation, and storing the value of goods and services, it also has a symbolic character. Money due to its symbolic character can be used as a social goal in regulating interpersonal and intrapersonal relationships. On the one hand, priming is one of the most important ways to highlight the symbolic aspect of money. On the other hand, trust is one of the essential aspects of human relations. We conduct a trust game experiment on 511 fourth-grade girl students from the public schools in Mashhad. The results showed that children primed with money in the experimental group, on average, trust more than the control group. Manuscript profile
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        63 - Identification of Monetary Policy Items Influencing the Banking System
        sorayya rafiee ghareshiran Karim Emami Farhad Ghaffari
        The purpose of this paper is to identify the effective factors of monetary policy on the banking system as one of the most important sectors of macroeconomics. Therefore, the effective factors of monetary policy on the banking system using the Dynamic Randomized Equilib More
        The purpose of this paper is to identify the effective factors of monetary policy on the banking system as one of the most important sectors of macroeconomics. Therefore, the effective factors of monetary policy on the banking system using the Dynamic Randomized Equilibrium Model (DSGE) and the emergence of long-run macroeconomic ratios in the 1370s and 1380s And others' studies.The results showed that with a positive shock to the interest rate, due to lower demand for loans, the lending rate and, as a result, banks' profits decrease, and due to positive oil shocks, liquidity increases, lending rates and investment increases, and the household's willingness Reduces savings, resulting in lower bank profitability. Based on the results, while considering the importance of the role of financial factors in the transfer mechanism and the intensity of monetary policy effects by policy makers, it is suggested to adopt measures to adjust the effects of economic shocks. Manuscript profile
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        64 - State Dependent Effects of Monetary Aggregates on Exchange Market Pressure in Iran's Economy
        Mohsen Tooti Seyed Yahya Abtahi Jalil Totonchi Zohreh tabatabaeinasab
        The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effects of monetary aggregates on exchange market pressure of Iran's economy using quarterly data and during the period of 2001:02- 2021:04. For this purpose, exchange market pressure index has been calculated More
        The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effects of monetary aggregates on exchange market pressure of Iran's economy using quarterly data and during the period of 2001:02- 2021:04. For this purpose, exchange market pressure index has been calculated by Edwards (2002) and Kumah (2007) approach; The results show that the exchange market pressure index of Iran's Economy follows a nonlinear pattern. After that, using the unit root test of Lee and Strazisich (2003), which is based on the minimum Lagrange coefficient (LM) test, the time series has been confirmed in terms of the structural break point, and then using by the approach proposed by Lee and Strazisich (2003), the residual of the time series has been extracted. The results of Markov Switching GARCH model indicate that in the low regime of exchange market pressure, the monetary base variable with a coefficient of 0.29 has the greatest effect on the pressure of the Iranian currency market, followed by liquidity and money variables respectively with coefficients 0.06 and 0.01 increase the pressure of the currency market, with the switch of the regime and being in the high regime of exchange market pressure, the variables of monetary base, liquidity and money with the coefficients of 0.88, 0.54 and 0.31 lead to pressure in the currency market, therefore, the application of contractionary monetary policy and control of monetary aggregates should be considered as a strategic point for economic policy makers. Manuscript profile
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        65 - Manager's money character and firm capital structure decisions
        Ali Beidaghi mohammadreza vatanparast Mehrdad Sadr Ara,
        Based on behavioral studies, managers’ personality traits are effective in their decision-making and behaviors. The objective of this research was to study the impact of managers’ monetary personality on decisions of companies’ capital structure. The q More
        Based on behavioral studies, managers’ personality traits are effective in their decision-making and behaviors. The objective of this research was to study the impact of managers’ monetary personality on decisions of companies’ capital structure. The questionnaire and the audited financial statements have been used to collect data in this research. The study population includes the financial managers of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange in 2021. Also, the studied sample was selected using the convenience sampling method. Using Morgan's table, the research sample size was estimated as 183 subjects; however, 141 usable questionnaires were ultimately collected. The multivariate regression technique with a cross-sectional data structure was used for data analysis. The results failed to find a significant relationship between the money-avoider personality using debt and stock in the capital structure of companies. Moreover, the money-worship personality was found to have a positive relationship using the stock in the capital structure, while the money-status personality showed a negative relationship using the stock in the capital structure. In addition, a money-vigilance personality revealed a positive relationship using the debt in the capital structure. By taking into account the monetary personality of the managers besides other criteria and becoming aware of its impact on the capital structure policies, capital market actors would be able to make more accurate predictions of the company's future and reduce the conflict of interest between shareholders and managers. Hence, the research results can improve the decision-making of people. Manuscript profile
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        66 - Legal challenges of digital currencies with an approach to money laundering
        amirreza mahmoudi mohaddeseh ghavamipour sereshkeh
        10.30495/cyberlaw.2022.696726
        Money laundering has been identified as a phenomenon that endangers economic stability around the world. Criminals in this area target the economic system with financial criminal activities such as drug trafficking, terrorism financing and tax evasion. The development o More
        Money laundering has been identified as a phenomenon that endangers economic stability around the world. Criminals in this area target the economic system with financial criminal activities such as drug trafficking, terrorism financing and tax evasion. The development of crypto-currency technologies, along with its benefits, has become a disruptive technology that has created new challenges for government national security because this technology can provide opportunities for terrorist groups and organized crime. Since its emergence in 2009, the use of Bitcoin has increased exponentially around the world, but due to the lack of regulatory authority, it was quickly used to finance terrorism and money laundering activities. Countries have adopted and implemented various regulations to ban or license the use of Bitcoin, which have not been able to achieve a suitable result until today. In this article, with a descriptive-analytical method, we will seek to explain a process that will be able to resolve the legal challenges created due to the use of digital currencies, and in this regard, the consensus of governments in standardizing and harmonizing their laws regarding currency management. Digital services and the creation of a regulatory authority will be examined. Manuscript profile
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        67 - Iran's Legislative Approach to Suspicious Transactions Reporting(STR) for Money Laundering and its Legal, Jurisprudential and Executive Challenges
        Amir jamali hajiani Esmaeil Abdollahi Ahmad Mirzaei
        10.30495/jcld.2023.1983935.1060
        Receive Date: 2023/04/15                    Revise Date: 2023/07/03                  &nbsp More
        Receive Date: 2023/04/15                    Revise Date: 2023/07/03                   Accept Date:  2023/07/05 The reporting of suspicious transactions, emphasized in Recommendation 20 of the FATF, is considered the cornerstone of the fight against money laundering, and the success of all anti-money laundering measures depends on it. Therefore, the present study employs a descriptive-analytical approach with the aim of familiarizing the reader with the requirements for reporting suspicious transactions related to money laundering and examines the legal, jurisprudential, and executive obstacles that impede the reporting of suspicious transactions. In conclusion, the study investigates the position of Iran in comparison with global standards and highlights the most significant legal, jurisprudential, and executive challenges facing the reporting of suspicious transactions. The findings indicate that in the anti-money laundering regulations of Iran, especially in the amended law on combating money laundering ratified in 2018 and its executive directive of Article 14 ratified in 2019, necessary measures have been taken in line with international standards to report suspicious transactions, and the necessary structures have been established. However, professional secrecy rules, the principle of validity, Presumption of possession, policies related to capital attraction in banks, and high compliance costs with anti-money laundering standards may overshadow this important principle in the fight against money laundering and may cause disruption in the desirable path of reporting suspicious transactions. Manuscript profile
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        68 - The study of "annual price index change" from the perspective of Imami jurisprudence
        syyad rahmatolla danesh mir kohan
        10.30495/jcld.2022.693615
        Article 522 of the "Civil Procedure Law" considers the debt payment criterion to be "annual price index change". The Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran determines that this criterion is general and therefore includes "increasing the value of money". Considerin More
        Article 522 of the "Civil Procedure Law" considers the debt payment criterion to be "annual price index change". The Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran determines that this criterion is general and therefore includes "increasing the value of money". Considering the necessity of respecting the real rights of each party, this problem arises that from the perspective of Imamiyyah jurisprudence, what amount is the debtor obligated to pay in the assumption of an increase in the value of money? The present article, based on the foundations and sources of Imami jurisprudence and examining the jurisprudential opinions of Shia jurists, tries to prove this hypothesis that in the assumption of an increase in the value of money, the purchasing power of money in religion is a criterion for fulfilling the right. What if the obligation reaches its end, the value of money increases sharply and the change of the annual index is taken into account to pay the debt. In case of inability, the debtor bears the loss, and in the case of the debtor's financial ability and his refusal to pay, the creditor bears the loss, and both cases are in severe conflict with the fair payment intended by jurisprudence. Manuscript profile
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        69 - The Impact of Money Laundering on Expansion of Organized Terrorism in the Middle East (2001-2016)
        سید سعید میرترابی mohsen keshvarian
        Abstract: The expansion of terrorism and its widespread occurrence particularly the organized one had led researchers to deeply study the roots, causes and the ways to contain it. Since the Middle East region is one of the centers which terrorism has grown considerably More
        Abstract: The expansion of terrorism and its widespread occurrence particularly the organized one had led researchers to deeply study the roots, causes and the ways to contain it. Since the Middle East region is one of the centers which terrorism has grown considerably, the present article wants to study the impact of money laundry as one of the factors that reinforces the terrorist groups in the Middle East. The article wants to answer this question that how money laundering helps the growth of organized terrorist groups (Al-Qaeda and ISISI) from 2001 to 2016. The hypothesis is that money laundering by providing a secure network for supplying major part of financial resources and external transections of organized terrorist groups with foreign partners has created the ground for the growth of organized terrorism in the Middle East from 2001 to 2016. The article shows the complexity and the dimension of money laundering techniques used by organized terrorist groups for financial transaction and money transfer. Therefore, there is a need for a comprehensive and common political will with the region and beyond the region to contain the challenge of money laundering by organized terrorist groups. This will be possible when the measures and mechanism decided for this purpose do not be used for political capital again certain countries in the region, a situation which unfortunately used by the Western Banks against Iran. The methodology used by the article is descriptive-analytical. Manuscript profile
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        70 - Money Laundry and its Political Impact
        Mohammad Roshan Ali Akbar Nayebzadeh Farhad Akhtarshenas
        The offence of money laundering due to its nature which is organized and supranational is having damaging economic and, political and social effect on society. Money laundering leads to organized penetration of criminals into banking and monetary network and they bring More
        The offence of money laundering due to its nature which is organized and supranational is having damaging economic and, political and social effect on society. Money laundering leads to organized penetration of criminals into banking and monetary network and they bring the economic potential of governments under their own control and direction. With gradual decline of government economic power which is due to non-performance of productive works and tax evasion, the security and economic and political authority of the government and national sovereignty is jeopardized. This destabilizing function generally takes place in developing countries. The main question raised by present article is that, what are the negative impacts of money laundering on society? Money laundering is having damaging economic, political and social impacts. Money laundering is damaging for economy and commerce. The negative impacts of money laundering includes weakening private sector, destruction of financial markets, reduction of government revenue, weakening of economic security, risking credits, hampering healthy competition. Money laundering damages social and economic order because this phenomenon has enormous negative consequences for free competition, stability and health of financial system. Manuscript profile
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        71 - Providing a Method to Identify Malicious Users in Electronic Banking System Using Fuzzy Clustering Techniques
        Leila Pourabdi Ali Harounabadi
        Manuscript profile
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        72 - Multi-objective optimization of discrete time–cost tradeoff problem in project networks using non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm
        Mohammadreza Shahriari
        Manuscript profile
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        73 - Optimal pricing and replenishment policies for instantaneous deteriorating items with backlogging and trade credit under inflation
        R. Sundara Rajan R. Uthayakumar
        Manuscript profile
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        74 - Iran’s Stance among Three Approaches to FATF Action Plans
        محمودرضا فارسیانی هیلدا رضایی احد باقرزاده مصطفی نورالهی
        Manuscript profile
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        75 - Substitution of traditional money with virtual currencies and its effects on macroeconomic variables in the form of DSGE model
        mohammad pouraghdam taghi torabi abbas memarnezhad teymor mohammadi
        The purpose of this article was to investigate the replacement of traditional money with virtual currencies and its effects on macroeconomic variables with the approach of Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) models. For this purpose, the data of the period 201 More
        The purpose of this article was to investigate the replacement of traditional money with virtual currencies and its effects on macroeconomic variables with the approach of Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) models. For this purpose, the data of the period 2018-2019 with seasonal frequency have been used. In the model designed in this article, it is assumed that due to the use of virtual money, a substitution between virtual money and traditional money will happen in people's asset portfolio. In this study, the shock caused by the price and volume of Bitcoin transactions is considered as an indicator for the demand for virtual currency. The results show that the shock from virtual currencies has led to a decrease in the demand for traditional money, in other words, there has been a substitution between holding traditional money and virtual money. In addition, the results indicated that due to the shock of virtual currencies, the amount of consumption in the economy has increased, and on the other hand, the amount of government income from royalties and money printing has decreased. Also, the results showed that the government's tax revenues have also decreased due to the trend of financial resources in the economy towards the demand of virtual currencies. Manuscript profile
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        76 - The hidden variable and volatility of Iran's money demand function
        farshad parvizian alireza erfani
        10.30495/ecomag.2023.706727
        The Effectiveness of Monetary Policy Is Dependence with Shape, Stipulated and Stability the Functions of Money Demand and Liquidity. The Formation of Expected Inflation, can Be a Function of Knowledge, Information and Even Personal Understanding Based on Mental Patterns More
        The Effectiveness of Monetary Policy Is Dependence with Shape, Stipulated and Stability the Functions of Money Demand and Liquidity. The Formation of Expected Inflation, can Be a Function of Knowledge, Information and Even Personal Understanding Based on Mental Patterns of Individuals from the Published Data Issue. The Economic Actors, Based on Expectations of Prices in the Future, Based on Knowledge and Information from the Economy, Deciding they Needed Information from Various Sources Directly or from the Media .In This Research, with the Introduction of the New Variable , the Presence of the Chairman of the Central Bank in the Media, the Demand Functions for the Short and Long Term for the Volume of Money M1, and Liquidity M2, Using Monthly Data of IRAN and Its Approach and Explain, Distributive ARDL Estimates we have. The Results Showed that the Entry Variable, the Presence of the Head of the Central Bank in the money demand Function, Causing Instability, this function will Be. Manuscript profile
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        77 - Modeling and Comparative Study of the Behavior of Consumption, Production and Investment Sectors in the Money and Capital Markets of Iran
        Fatemeh Masoumi Soureh Mohammadreza Nahidi Amirkhiz AliReza Bafandeh Zendeh Yousof HajiAsghari
        10.30495/ECOMAG.1402.1045583
        Extended Abstract With the view of the existence of different types of markets in every economy and according to the macroeconomic structure of every country, we can mention money and capital markets as the most basic financial markets. In the money market, resources More
        Extended Abstract With the view of the existence of different types of markets in every economy and according to the macroeconomic structure of every country, we can mention money and capital markets as the most basic financial markets. In the money market, resources are lent for a short period, and the most important task of this market is to create facilities for economic units and improve their liquidity. By definition, the money market is a market for trading money and other financial assets that are close substitutes for money that have a maturity of less than one year. In other words, the money market is known as the market of short-term financial instruments with the characteristics of low non-payment risk, liquidity, and high nominal value. The capital market is a market where longer-term bonds (with a maturity of one year or more) and company stocks are traded. Securities that are traded in the capital market (such as stocks and long-term bonds) are more interested in financial intermediaries. Considering that these institutions have a long-term investment horizon and prefer to invest in such long-term bonds. Several variables such as economic growth, investment growth in the production sector, investment growth in the housing sector, consumer price index, people's purchasing power, income and savings changes, employment, liquidity, inflation, exchange rate fluctuations, imports, exports, profit fluctuations, and bank interest. and... can be counted among the internal factors influencing the markets and consequently economic growth and development. One of the most basic goals of economic development is to increase the wealth and welfare of the people of the society. In the meantime, among the issues that can have a fundamental and significant role in the markets, is the behavior of economic variables, whose changes and fluctuations can affect the indices of those markets. Purpose In this research, an attempt has been made to investigate consumption behavior, production and investment, producer index and investor behavior in the years 1357 to 1397, using the Hodrick-Press filter method Methodology For this purpose, in this research, an attempt has been made to investigate the behavior of the consumption, production, and investment sectors in the money and capital markets of Iran. To achieve this goal, the annual data of variables of consumer price index, producer price index, private sector investment in new buildings in urban areas, inflation uncertainty, value of stock transactions and money supply have been used and after examining the behavior of each variable in the form of behavior Consumer consumption, producer production behavior and investor behavior for the years 1357 to 1397 have been investigated using Hodrick-Prescott filtering method, autoregression with distributed lag (ARDL) and vector autoregression (VAR) model. The price index of consumer goods and services is one of the types of price indices that shows the price changes of goods and services that are consumed by households in a period. This variable is expected to affect money and capital markets; Therefore, in this research, the consumer price index was used to evaluate the consumer's consumption behavior, and the producer price index was used to evaluate the producer's production behavior. The producer price index includes all productions (goods and services) in the country in question. The weight of each item is the sales volume (producer's sales) of that item to the total sales volume of items and the change in the price of items is the price of each item in each month compared to the price of the same item in the previous month. In the housing sector, it is expected that an expansionary monetary policy will increase the demand for housing by increasing the amount of money in the asset portfolio. Of course, this depends on various issues. For example, suppose the amount of money increases as a result of an expansionary monetary policy, people will try to buy other assets, such as housing, currency, and stocks, to use the amount of money more. If in that economy, the yield of the housing sector is higher than other assets, or if people in that society are more willing to make long-term investments. In that case, the demand for housing will increase and investors will replace housing with other assets, including stocks and currency. To investigate the behavior of these variables, the Hedrick-Prescott filter provides the unobservable time trend for the time series variable. This filter is used to separate permanent and temporary fluctuations in a time series. The working principle of this filter is based on the separation of fluctuations into permanent fluctuations (supply) and short-term fluctuations (demand). Finding After examining the behavior of the aforementioned variables using Hedrick-Prescott filtering, the results of the ARDL method with a distribution break for the money market showed that in the short term, the variables of consumer consumption behavior, producer production behavior, and investor behavior, and in the long term, all variables with money supply have a relationship But the results of the same method for the capital market show that there is no significant relationship between any of the variables with the value of stock market transactions, both in the short term and in the long term. The results of the VAR model for the money market showed that there is a significant positive relationship between the money supply and the consumer's consumption behavior and the investor's behavior of a previous period, and there is a negative significant relationship between the money supply and the producer's production behavior of a previous period, and the output resulting from this The method for the capital market indicates the existence of a significant negative relationship between the consumption behavior of the consumer, the production behavior of the producer and the behavior of the investor with the value of the stock transactions of a previous period. Conclusion The results of the ARDL method showed that in the long term in the money market, all the considered variables were related to the money supply, which indicates the confirmation of all the considered hypotheses for the money market, but none of the mentioned variables were related to the value of market transactions. Stocks were not related and it shows the rejection of all the hypotheses considered for the capital market. Manuscript profile
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        78 - Short-run and Long-run Effects of Exchange Rate on Balance of Payments
        Narges Khaton Pirhadi Tavandashti Ali. Dehghni Fatemeh. Zandi
        The monetary approach to the balance of payments in Iran has been considered in this research. For this purpose the model of time series, VAR and VECM are employed. Results indicated a two-way causality between money supply and inflation; exchange and inflation rates More
        The monetary approach to the balance of payments in Iran has been considered in this research. For this purpose the model of time series, VAR and VECM are employed. Results indicated a two-way causality between money supply and inflation; exchange and inflation rates in short-run and long-run. However, the effects of national currency devaluation on export, current account and balance of payments are not verified authentically enough. Manuscript profile
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        79 - The Relationship between Budget Deficits, Inflation and Money Supply in Iran
        Ali Dehghani Masumeh Ehyaei Bijan Safavi
        The main objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between budget deficits, inflation and money supply growth rate in Iran as one of the most important subjects in macroeconomics. In many countries, the budget deficit policy is used as one of the tools More
        The main objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between budget deficits, inflation and money supply growth rate in Iran as one of the most important subjects in macroeconomics. In many countries, the budget deficit policy is used as one of the tools of financial policy. The relationship between the government budget deficit and the macroeconomic variables is somewhat ambiguous. All data related to inflation, budget deficit and money supply growth rate have been collected from the Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Iranian Statistical Center. Econometric methods including stability test, White, Johansson and vector regression test (VAR) were used to examine the hypothesis. The results of the present study show a positive and significant relationship between budget deficit, inflation and money supply growth that confirms the hypotheses of the study. Manuscript profile
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        80 - The Influence of Real Exchange Rate Fluctuations on the competition indices in Iran’s Economy (1979-2013)
        وحید منافی انور فرهاد خداداد کاشی جهانگیر بیابانی فاطمه پاسبان
        Abstract In every country the value of money is closely related to economic power, continual and stable growth of physical commodities and the more production stability would continue, the cost index is more steady.One country that has desirable and fast economic growt More
        Abstract In every country the value of money is closely related to economic power, continual and stable growth of physical commodities and the more production stability would continue, the cost index is more steady.One country that has desirable and fast economic growth, as compared with other countries , its money will be strengthened. Growth of each economic factors such as gross domestic product and partial sale and employment result in demand increasing for that foreign currency and consequently its strengthening.On other hand, some policies can increase the international competition power for one country in clued micro economics and macro economics.The purpose of this research would be considering the change real exchange rate and its effects on the competition indices in Iran’s economy during the period of 1979-2013 The equations are estimated by VAR test and using eviews6. Estimation results show that oil incomes and budget deficits had negative effects on real exchange rate, and GDP and liquidity had positive effects on real exchange rate.   Manuscript profile
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        81 - بررسی پدیده خنثایی پول در اقتصاد ایران
        مهدی حنطه منوچهر عسکری محمود ختایی
        Manuscript profile
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        82 - uncertainty inflation and economic growth
        Gholamreza Abasi Ashcan Rahimzadeh Davood Salmani
        Inflation or in other words the increase of public price’s level is one of the important and effective variable in each country’s economy that in different courses especially in high prices had imposed unfavorable and detrimental effects on countries’s More
        Inflation or in other words the increase of public price’s level is one of the important and effective variable in each country’s economy that in different courses especially in high prices had imposed unfavorable and detrimental effects on countries’s economy. But the major and the most important detriment due to inflation is the distrust of scale of inflation’s rate in future. Except the economic factors such as inflation and production and ect, political factors can put economic factors in unreliable conditions. For example, political instability, war, people’s distrust in case of economic decisions and totally each decision or policy that causes distrust in economy atmosphere is effective in inflation uncertainty. In this article, we calculate the scale of uncertainty inflation during 3185-3156 with use of collection of “Fuzzy logic” and the two input variables, “inflation” and “money growth rate” used with base year’s prices. At the following section, Robert and Alexander’s economic growth model has been utilized to investigate the efficacy of the inflation uncertainty on the economic growth for the time being. (In this model inflation uncertainty variable has been used instead of inflation variable). The results of the present study using OLS method for calculating the mentioned patterns shows that inflation uncertainty hasn’t meaningful affected on the economic growth. The positive effect of investment share, export share in GDP on the economic growth and share of public section expenses were other results of the present study. The important point that should be noted here is that measuring and specifying the exact amount of inflation uncertainty and surveying relationships between them and its efficacy on other variables can be an appropriate way in making correct decisions Manuscript profile
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        83 - بررسی ارتباط بین عرضه پول و گسترش شعب بانکی
        میر حسین موسوی علی شهابی معصومه نعمت پور
        Manuscript profile
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        84 - Analysis of digital currencies from the perspective of jurisprudence and law
        zahra khorsandi kouchesfahani morteza chitsazian
        Digital currencies are one of the topics that needs an accurate evaluation given several complicacies and ambiguities about them. The preset paper is an attempt to elaborate on digital currency to clarify ambiguities about its legal identity. In addition, the status of More
        Digital currencies are one of the topics that needs an accurate evaluation given several complicacies and ambiguities about them. The preset paper is an attempt to elaborate on digital currency to clarify ambiguities about its legal identity. In addition, the status of digital currency in Islamic jurisprudence and Iranian laws was examined. As the results showed, digital currencies are a type of money in virtual space emerged on the Internet ground so that they have a monetary nature. From jurisprudence viewpoint, they are considered as property. At the first glance, digital currencies are highly complicated and ambiguous; while in practice, they have a simple essence. The true nature of digital currencies is lost in the growing debates about their advantages and disadvantages. Given the disadvantages and ambiguities about digital currencies, they may not be confirmed by Islamic religious laws until these ambiguities are resolved. To achieve the true concept of digital currencies and give a legal and jurisprudential account of them, grounded theory and case study approaches were used in this work. The study also gives more efficient approaches to using digital currencies that can solve many of the disadvantages of digital currencies. Keywords: Digital currencies Bitcoin, money, object, property, comparative jurisprudence Manuscript profile
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        85 - Risk modeling of financing structure according to probabilistic decision theory through ANP
        Hamidreza Iravani Hamidreza Kordlouie Freydoon Rahnamay Roodposhti Narges Yazdanian
        Different types of risks threaten financial and credit institutions. Therefore, managers of organizations must identify and manage the existing risks. The risk that directly affects the profitability of financial and credit institutions is called financial risk. Financi More
        Different types of risks threaten financial and credit institutions. Therefore, managers of organizations must identify and manage the existing risks. The risk that directly affects the profitability of financial and credit institutions is called financial risk. Financial risks include: balance sheet structure risks, income and profitability structure, capital adequacy, credit risk, liquidity risk, interest rate risk, market risk and exchange rate risk. Banking industry is one of the most sifnificant and critical section of economics which faces many sorts of risk. Financial structur risk is the most threating one that in case of non centrolling will lead to bankruptcy . the purpose of study is modeling risk in compaliance with finance structure in money market based of probabilistic decition theory. The populational of the research is experts and bank fanciancial statements after reviewing the literature all the aspects of risks and also financial ratios are being identifined. After gathering data ANP techinques are being app;ied . resuls show that the srquence of risks are, market , credit, liquidity, capital. The significance of risks are as follow: credit, capital, liquidity, income disturbution, market and systematic. Manuscript profile
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        86 - Designing a Model for Explaining the Effect of Macroeconomic Policies on Money and Capital Markets
        Souzan Hossienzadeh Gholamreza Zomorodian Ebrahim Chirani
        Macroeconomic policies are an important tool for governments to achieve financial commitments andtheir social and economic goals. Macroeconomic policies have different types and their implementationcan effects different markets in various ways which can cause change and More
        Macroeconomic policies are an important tool for governments to achieve financial commitments andtheir social and economic goals. Macroeconomic policies have different types and their implementationcan effects different markets in various ways which can cause change and turbulence in them. With thisapproach, in the present study by using the Bayesian Causal Map (BCM) and seemingly unrelatedregression equations (SURE) model, a model is designed to explain the effect of macroeconomic policieson money and capital markets. It should be noted that the time period of the present study was 1989 to2019. The results of the present study showed that money and capital markets are affected by variablesand policies applied in different markets in both direct and indirect ways. If the amount of savings in thesociety changes as a result of government policies or other economic and non-economic components,the facilities granted by the banking system will change as well. This directly affects the money market.Given that changes in the money market affect the capital market, the capital market is also affected bychanges made in the money market. At the same time, changes in the money market also affect othermacroeconomic variables such as................ Manuscript profile
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        87 - Evaluating the effectiveness of financial therapy on financial literacy, personal financial management and money management, to fuzzy logic
        najmeh tavakoli Zaniyani Masoud taherinia Daruosh Jalali Ebrahim Givaki
        The commitment and acceptance financial therapy helps individual to by teaching them financial skills along with changes in monetary beliefs and financial behaviors. to have an overview of his/her own set of decisions and reduce the effect of mental errors on financial More
        The commitment and acceptance financial therapy helps individual to by teaching them financial skills along with changes in monetary beliefs and financial behaviors. to have an overview of his/her own set of decisions and reduce the effect of mental errors on financial decisions.This is a practical and quasi-experimental study. The statistical population of the study was 20 bazaars in Shahrekord in 2020 who underwent training and interventions related to financial therapy based on acceptance and commitment in 10 sessions of 120minutes and completed the research questionnaires before and after training. In order to analyze the data in the traditional way, SPSS25 statistical software and Matlab software were used for fuzzy data analysis. The results show that financial therapy based on the approach of acceptance and commitment to increase financial literacy, improve money management And personal financial management are effective in both quantitatively and qualitatively.Another result of this study is more accurate measurement of fuzzy model for evaluating the effectiveness of financial therapy based on acceptance and commitment than the traditional evaluation method. Manuscript profile
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        88 - Presenting the Central Bank's Cryptocurrency Release Model using Distributed Ledger Technology
        Mohammad Reza Mani Yekta mahnaz rabiei Seyed Alireza Derakhshan
        Central Bank Cryptocurrency (CBDC) is a semi-decentralized solution based on DLT. This money is issued electronically by central banks to facilitate payments without intermediaries. this research aims to model CBDC and is conducted with a mixed approach (qualitative and More
        Central Bank Cryptocurrency (CBDC) is a semi-decentralized solution based on DLT. This money is issued electronically by central banks to facilitate payments without intermediaries. this research aims to model CBDC and is conducted with a mixed approach (qualitative and quantitative methods). In the qualitative part, a conceptual model was designed by asking the opinions of 20 experts through an open questionnaire and a coding approach was tested by a sample of 102, banking and payment experts. In the quantitative part, the reliability and validity features of the questionnaires were investigated, and in the structural part, the model coefficients were evaluated to check the research hypotheses. The results of this research, while determining many factors affecting the circulation of the central bank's currency, confirm that the circulation of money is the basis for the social acceptance of this phenomenon and emphasizes the necessity of its precise policy. Some background and intervening factors are also identified in the model. On the other hand, the consequences of publishing cryptocurrency in this model are influencing monetary policy, other businesses, banks, and some other micro and macro factors. Manuscript profile
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        89 - Managers' money beliefs and financing attitudes
        Ali Beidaghi Mohammad Reza Vatanparast Mehrdad Sadr Ara
        10.30495/afi.2022.700308
        Purpose: According to behavioral studies, the decision-making and behavior of company managers are among the factors affecting the type of their attitude toward various issues. This study aims to study the relationship between managers' money beliefs to their financing More
        Purpose: According to behavioral studies, the decision-making and behavior of company managers are among the factors affecting the type of their attitude toward various issues. This study aims to study the relationship between managers' money beliefs to their financing tendencies (internal or external).Methodology: In this study, data were collected through a questionnaire and the convenient sampling method. The study population is CEOs or financial managers of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange in 2021. The study sample size (n = 183) was determined using the Morgan table, and 159 usable answer sheets were received.Findings: The results of the statistical analysis of data did not show a significant relationship between money avoidance beliefs and financing attitudes. In addition, the money vigilance belief had a positive relationship with the tendency to finance through retained earnings, stock issuance, and borrowing. Money status belief had a positive association with the external financing attitude (borrowing and stock). The money worship belief was positively related to the financing attitude through retained earnings and the issuance of shares.Originality / Value: Since managers' money beliefs can affect their behavior, this issue has not been the focus of previous research. The results of this research can be effective in improving decision-making. Also, the results of this research expand the literature in the field of financing. Companies can pay attention to the money beliefs of managers to reduce the conflict of interests between shareholders and managers by predicting their financing policies and considering the company's development policies. Manuscript profile
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        90 - The relationship between exchange rate overshooting and currency substitution in Iran’s economy
        Seyed Mansour  Heshmati Sanzighi Rahman Saadat Esmaeil Abounoori
        When a country's domestic currency fails to fulfill its roles, foreign currency often replaces it, a phenomenon known as currency substitution. This is particularly common in developing countries and influenced by both economic and political factors. One significant eco More
        When a country's domestic currency fails to fulfill its roles, foreign currency often replaces it, a phenomenon known as currency substitution. This is particularly common in developing countries and influenced by both economic and political factors. One significant economic aspect affecting currency substitution is exchange rate overshooting. The main objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between exchange rate overshooting and currency substitution in Iran. Utilizing the Kamin-Ericsson (2003) method, we first examine the foreign currency in circulation and the volume of currency substitution in Iran’s economy using annual data from 1961 to 2021. Then, the Bayesian Vector Autoregression (BVAR) method employed to analyze the impact of exchange rate overshooting on currency substitution. The results indicate that exchange rate overshooting and inflation consistently lead to increased currency substitution in Iran’s economy. Conversely, economic growth negatively affects currency substitution. Additionally, neutralizing the effects of shocks related to exchange rate overshooting, economic development, and inflation requires more than five years. Therefore, economic policymakers must consider these factors when managing currency substitution. Manuscript profile

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