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Open Access Article
1 - Study of pH influence on the stability of 175th codon of P53 genes by computational and modeling methods
Nastaran Asghari Moghaddam -
Open Access Article
2 - Holstein calf monster Duplication of a part of the foot (Bimelia) with absence of the skin (Epitheliogenesis imperfecta) (A case report)
S.M Hosseini M.H Youssefi M.R Youssefi SH Omidzahir عباس مؤمنیCongenital abnormality is effected by genetical or environmental causes. Congenitalabnormality and inherited disorders are form, situation, structure and functional abnormality thatexisting in the time of birth. These abnormalites can change perfectly just a structure o MoreCongenital abnormality is effected by genetical or environmental causes. Congenitalabnormality and inherited disorders are form, situation, structure and functional abnormality thatexisting in the time of birth. These abnormalites can change perfectly just a structure or afunction of system or part of several system of body. Such form of lesion is rare that indeedhappened two form of congenital abnormality. occurrded both duplication of a part of the foot(Bimelia) and absence of the skin (Epitheliogenesis imperfecta). Simultaneous occurrence oftwo congenital malformations is rare. We report these two in a Holstein calf. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - The study of morphogenesis and ascent of Kidneys in SANNEN Goat
Morovatisharifabad, M., Salehi, E. .Kidneys, like most mammalian body organs, start forming and pass Pronephric, Mesonephric and Metanephric stages along the crest of the urinary tract until final growth. Although kidneys are at first, in close association with gonads in both sexes, ascend and reach their MoreKidneys, like most mammalian body organs, start forming and pass Pronephric, Mesonephric and Metanephric stages along the crest of the urinary tract until final growth. Although kidneys are at first, in close association with gonads in both sexes, ascend and reach their final location, on the contrary of gonads. The aim of present experiment was to reveal developmental stages and sites in which kidney pass during ascent in embryonic and fetal periods in sannen goat. For this purpose, 106 goat fetuses in various sizes where collected from yazd slaughter houses randomly, and due to affection of different factors on fetal growth which makes accurate age estimation difficult, CRL parameter was utilized. Samples were divided into 10 groups from CRL=1cm to CRL=31.5cm. The result showed that in samples with CRL=14.5-16.7cm, cranial part of mesonephrose was degenerated. The latter phenomenon had reached to pick point in CRL=26cm. In this case, primitive metanephrose (definitive kidney), as a cell mass well seen at terminal part of mesonephric duct. In fetuses with CRL=31cm, metanephrose was seen in a developed state under stereomicroscope. so, it could be concluded that final stages of development of metanephrose takes place from CRL=26cm to CRL=30.5cm in sannen goat. In fetuses with CRL=31cm kidney shave gained bean shape, which is normal in goat. In fetuses with CRL=31.5cm (full term), the left kidney was ascended from previous location that's mean, vertebral limit L4-S3 to L2-L5, but in right kidney from L3-S2 to L1-L4. It was also concluded that longitudinal length, transverse, and thickness of kidney correlate with increasing whole body of fetus and also weight increase of kidney correlates with increase of fetus growth itself. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Isolation of pathogenic mycoplasmas from Iranian ostrich farms
Moomivand, H., Pourbakhsh, S.A., Jamshidian, M. .In ostriches, mycoplasmas are generally, related with respiratory diseases and causes rhino-tracheitis, airsacculitis and inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. The aim of current study was to isolation of pathogenic mycoplasmas in ostrich farms of Iran using PCR MoreIn ostriches, mycoplasmas are generally, related with respiratory diseases and causes rhino-tracheitis, airsacculitis and inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. The aim of current study was to isolation of pathogenic mycoplasmas in ostrich farms of Iran using PCR and culture methods. Materials and Methods: In this study, 100 samples were taken from lung, trachea and air sacs of ostriches with respiratory disease at slaughter time. Samples was evaluated by culture, rapid serum test and PCR. Results and conclusions: The PCR tests results indicated 21.05% of samples was positive, which 7.89% and 14% was M. gallisepticum and M. synoviae, respectively. In culture method, 6.14% of samples was positive in view of M. gallisepticum and 7.01% of M. synoviae. Also according to clinical evaluation highest rate of positive cases was in lungs, air sacs, and trachea, respectively. According to prevalence of poultry mycoplasmas in ostriches, it is essential to exact evaluation of their pathogenesis in ostriches, to determine the importance of prevention. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Evaluation of histopathological and histomorphometerical changes of testicular tissue following consumption of busulfan in cat
Esmatparast, M., Tajik, P.*, Ghasemzadeh Nava, H. .In order to successfully transplant spermatogonial cells need to be defined a suitable model for producing azoospermia animals. Several methods are available for made azoospermic animals, include systemic injection of busulfan, radiation, cold ischemia and increased tes MoreIn order to successfully transplant spermatogonial cells need to be defined a suitable model for producing azoospermia animals. Several methods are available for made azoospermic animals, include systemic injection of busulfan, radiation, cold ischemia and increased testicular temperature. The aim of the study is development of a method for producing azoospermic cats in order to prepare them for spermatogonial stem cells transplantation. In this study, 15 domestic short hair cats at the age of 3 to 5 month were divided in 3 groups. After first injection, at 5, 9, 13 and 17 weeks, doses of zero, four and ten mg/kg of busulfan intravenously were injected to the control and treatment groups, respectively. Two months after the injections testicles surgically removed and evaluated. The mean diameter of the seminiferous tubules and germinal epithelium thickness was calculated. Sertoli and leydig cells were also evaluated. Histological evaluation of treating groups with 4 and 10 mg/kg busulfan shows different degrees of degradation of seminiferous tubules. The thickness of germinal epithelium significantly decreased. Busulfan through its effect on germ cells and somatic cells can disrupt spermatogenesis and induced azoospermia. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Investigation of the effect of Deferoxamine preconditioning on VEGF, ANGP1, and TFGβ1 gene expression in diabetic adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs)
راضیه Tajali اکرم Eidi حسین Ahmadi Tafti عبدالرضا Pazouki A.M SharifiAdipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have been considered a promising treatment for diabetic wound repair. However, the effectiveness of autologous ADSC-derived therapy for diabetic patients needs to be improved. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect MoreAdipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have been considered a promising treatment for diabetic wound repair. However, the effectiveness of autologous ADSC-derived therapy for diabetic patients needs to be improved. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pretreatment with deferoxamine on the expression of the angiogenic genes in diabetic ADSCs preconditioned with deferoxamine. In this experimental study, abdominal adipose tissue was taken from three patients with type 2 diabetes and three healthy individuals, and stem cells derived from adipose tissue were extracted by the enzymatic method. Diabetic ADSCs were treated with 75, 150, and 300 μM deferoxamine concentrations for 24 and 48 hours. Then, the cell survival rate was evaluated using the WST1 test and the expression level of VEGF, ANGP1, and TFGβ1 genes in normal, diabetic, and diabetic ADSCs treated with deferoxamine using the Real-time PCR technique. The data were analyzed using Prism statistical software. Our results showed that the expression levels of VEGF, ANGP1 and TGFβ1 genes in diabetic samples were significantly decreased compared to the normal group (P<0.05). However, the expression level of all three genes after treating the cells with concentrations of 150 and 300 μM deferoxamine for 24 hours was significantly increased compared to the untreated diabetic group (P<0.05). Our results showed that deferoxamine significantly increases the expression of VEGF, ANGP1, and TGFβ1 in diabetic ADSCs and increases their angiogenic capacity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Phyllis Trible's and Mieke Bal's Interpretations of the Story of the Fall (Genesis 3'): A Comparative Study
روح اله Mahdavi mahdi lakzaeiGenesis 3 is one of the most challenging texts for feminist Interpreters. Phyllis Trible as a representative of the school of liberal feminist interpretation and Mieke Bal as a representative of the school of Postmodern feminist interpretation interpret this text and in MoreGenesis 3 is one of the most challenging texts for feminist Interpreters. Phyllis Trible as a representative of the school of liberal feminist interpretation and Mieke Bal as a representative of the school of Postmodern feminist interpretation interpret this text and in this article Common and differences points between these two streams, the interpretation of the Genesis text, are shown. Both interpreters are trying on the approach of pro-Eve to reduce the Eve's responsibility in original sin. Trible with commitment to text and acknowledge of Eve's mistake in original sin sees the Gender of Eve has not effect in Occurrence of sin. She believes that the punishment of God is result of original sin's Irregularities. Miike Bell with creative interpretation believe that Eve's act duty in the path to perfection to the formation of human's identity, human beings continue with sexual knowledge. She believes God's punishment of sin is result of original sin and create responsible Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Mutation, cloning and sequencing of Protective Antigen of Bacillus anthrasis
محمد ابوطالب Hatef AjoudanifarBackground: Protective Antigen of Bacillus anthracis (PA) is a protein that binds to receptors on OF human body cells. There is special Urokinase plasminogen activator receptor on cancer cells and PA can not bind to them. The aim of this study is modify the receptor of MoreBackground: Protective Antigen of Bacillus anthracis (PA) is a protein that binds to receptors on OF human body cells. There is special Urokinase plasminogen activator receptor on cancer cells and PA can not bind to them. The aim of this study is modify the receptor of PA with site directed mutagenesis that the protein can only be bind to the cancer cells. Material and methods: In this study, pMNA1 plasmid that contained PA gene was extracted and site directed mutagenesis done with SOE PCR on PA gene. Mutant gene cloned on pTZ57R vector directly and transformed into E. coli DH5α with CaCl2 method. Finally exiting of the gene and mutation on PA evaluated with PCR , digestion and sequencing.Results: PA gene separated with PCR and mutated with SOE PCR. Mutated PCR product cloned on pTZ57R vector and earned 5.1 kb plasmid. Recombinant plasmid evaluated with digestion and PCR. Mutation confirmed with sequencing. Conclsion: Cancer has a deadly disease. One of the methods for treaeting cancer using bacterial toxins. Therefore Using a modified PA protein that binds to the cancer cells can create new hope for cancer treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Protective effects of Vitamin A on the testicular tissue of mice treated with Prednisolone
Ali Mohammad Eini Ahmad Ali MohammadpourObjective:Immunosuppressive drugs cause destructive changes and atrophy of seminiferous tubules, decrease in sperm count and motility and sperm deformities in epididymal ducts, resulting in male infertility. Therefore, in this study, the role of vitamin A in preventing MoreObjective:Immunosuppressive drugs cause destructive changes and atrophy of seminiferous tubules, decrease in sperm count and motility and sperm deformities in epididymal ducts, resulting in male infertility. Therefore, in this study, the role of vitamin A in preventing these effects was on spermatogenesis in male rats. Materials and methods: In this study using 40 NMRI mice in 5 groups of 8 for 8 weeks including control group, prednisolone control group 1.5 mg/kg, prednisolone control group 2.5 mg/kg (intramuscular) And 2 groups treated with vitamin A50 mg/kg (gavage). Finally, testicular tissue and sperm parameters were examined and the obtained data were analyzed using ANOVA software. Results: Prednisolone treatment had an effect on body weight, testicular weight to body weight ratio, testicular seminiferous tubules diameter and serum testosterone concentration and a significant decrease (P <0.05). It also affected other parameters including sperm motility and testicular tissue cells and caused a so-called significant decrease in surface area (p <0.05) and caused a significant decrease in other parameters such as sperm count, percentage of live sperm. Conclusion: This study shows that prednisolone increases the process of spermatogenesis by increasing oxidative stress and apoptosis, and vitamin A prevents the damaging effects of prednisolone on spermatogenesis and testicular tissue by reducing oxidative stress and inhibiting apoptosis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - The Birth and Growth of Iranian Dramatic literature in Mirror of criticism
Naser Ghasemi Neda RasuoliIn addition to the different arts, in ancient Iran, there were ruins of the festivals and religious rituals indicating an early past existence of theatre and drama. After Islam Iran witnessed other kinds of theatre, deriving their subjects from folk literature and legen MoreIn addition to the different arts, in ancient Iran, there were ruins of the festivals and religious rituals indicating an early past existence of theatre and drama. After Islam Iran witnessed other kinds of theatre, deriving their subjects from folk literature and legends like: AL taezia, Mirnorozy (AL Nyrouz Prince), Imitation and AL hood show and several others. Throughout the Samanian period (858 – 968) Iran witnessed a great flourishing of literature, particularly theatre and drama. But after the Mogul attack on Iran, literature and culture went into decline. This lasted until the beginning of Safawian period early sixteenth century when literature was revived and theatre came to the fore although primitively. Iran knew modern western literature in all its artistic forms since mid nineteenth century, particularly after constructing Dar al Fonun (the school where modern arts and sciences are being taught) in Tehran and the start of translation from European languages. Mirza Agha Tabrizi was the first writer and dramatist to write three short plays in 1866. He published some of them in al-Ittihād Newspaper (in Tabriz) in 1908, getting some help in expressing his political and philosophic opinions through the dramatically artistic writing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - The effects Of deferoxamine on angiogenesis in chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane
Atena Dashtizade Javad Baharara Saeedeh Zafar Balanezhad Khadijeh Shahrokh AbadiInroduction and Objective: Deferoxamine (DFO), an iron chelator, used to treat diseases of iron poisoning and affects process of angiogenesis In the present research, the effect of deferoxamine on angiogenesis of chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane was assessed.Materi MoreInroduction and Objective: Deferoxamine (DFO), an iron chelator, used to treat diseases of iron poisoning and affects process of angiogenesis In the present research, the effect of deferoxamine on angiogenesis of chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane was assessed.Materials and Methods: 40 fertilized eggs were divided into 4 equal groups: control group and experimental control 1, experimental 2 and 3 treated with 10 and 100µm DFO, respectively. On day 8 of incubation, a gelatin sponge was placed on chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and was soaked with 10 µl of DFO (10 μm) for group 2 and for group 3 with 10 µl of DFO (100 μm). On day 12, number and length of vessels in all samples was measured by Image J software. The obtained data was statistically analyzed by means of SPSS software (v.19), ANOVA and t test PResults: Mean number and length of vessels in the control and experimental control 1 cases didn’t show any significant differences (p > 0.05). Comparison between mean number and length of vessels in the control and group 1 showed a significant decrease (p 0.05).Conclusion: Deferoxamine cause inhibition of angiogenesis in chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Study Effects Of Hydroalcoholic Extract Of Medicago sativa in the Treatment Of Acetic Acid Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats
Mahdi Margani Hamed Alizadeh Sina AghshahiInroduction and Objective:Peptic ulcer, from histologicalpointisknownasmucosalnecrosisfactor. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Alfalfa hydroalcoholicvegetivearial organs extract on gastric ulcer induced by acetic acid in Rat.Material and Method MoreInroduction and Objective:Peptic ulcer, from histologicalpointisknownasmucosalnecrosisfactor. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Alfalfa hydroalcoholicvegetivearial organs extract on gastric ulcer induced by acetic acid in Rat.Material and Methods: In this experimental study, 60 wistar rats weighting approximately (200-250g) were randomly divided into 4 groups; control, sham(normal salin), experiment 1 (extract of dose 250 mg/kg body weight) and experiment 2 (extract of dose 500 mg/kg body weight). Rats were deprived of food and then underwent surgeryand gastric wasby injecting60% acetic acid after 4,7,10,14 days gavage, the rats' stomach out and then measuring the wound and fixed with 10% formalin, the passage of the tissue section was stained And the number of neutrophils, macrophages and fibroblasts were counted.Results:Results showed that the hydroalcoholic extract of Alfalfacaused a significant increase in gastric ulcer healing in experimental groups 1 and 2 (PConclusion:Alfalfahydroalcoholic vegetive arial organs extract is effective in the treatment of peptic ulcer induced by acetic acid Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - The Effect Of Berberis vulgaris Leaf Aqueous Extract on Angiogenesis in Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane
Shima Shayestehpour. Saiedeh Zafarbalanejad Khadijeh Nejad Shahrokh AbadiInroduction and Objective: Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, is a complex activity which is needed for embryogenesis and other physiological processes. However, in many pathological conditions such as solid tumor progression, the disease appears to be as MoreInroduction and Objective: Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, is a complex activity which is needed for embryogenesis and other physiological processes. However, in many pathological conditions such as solid tumor progression, the disease appears to be associated with persistent up-regulated angiogenesis. In this research, the effect of Berberis vulgaris leaf aqueous extract on angiogenesis in chick chorioallantoic membrane was examined.Material and Methods:50 Ross fertilized eggs were randomly divided in 5 groups as following: control, sham-exposed and experimental groups; treated with Berberis vulgaris leaf aqueous extract at different concentration. On day 2 a window was opened on eggs and on the day 8 a gelatin sponge was placed on chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) which was soaked with 10 microliters of PBS in sham-exposed group and in experimental groups with 10 microliters of the extract at concentrations of 100, 200 and 500 mg/ml were treated. On day 12 CAM in all cases were photographed. The number and length of vessels were measured by using Image J software, the data were analyzed by t and ANOVA (pResults: The comparison of average number in experimental groups with control group showed a significant decrease in experimental groups 2 and 3. The comparison of average length in experimental groups with control group showed a significant decrease in all cases.Conclusion:According to the results of this study Berberis vulgaris leaf aqueous extract can have an inhibitory effect on angiogenesis in CAM which was seen as a decrease of vessels number and length in treated area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - The Effect Of Hydro-alcoholic Leaf Extract Of Olea europaea on the Levels Of Gonadotropins, Sex Hormones and Sperma togenesis in Diabetic Rat
Fatemeh Moieni Mokhtar Mokhtari Esfandiyar SharifiInroduction and ObjectiveAccording to some reports, the Increase in blood glucose level leads to structural and functional changes in reproductive system. In the present study, we attempted to investigate the effect of hydro-alcoholic leaf extract of olive (Olea europae MoreInroduction and ObjectiveAccording to some reports, the Increase in blood glucose level leads to structural and functional changes in reproductive system. In the present study, we attempted to investigate the effect of hydro-alcoholic leaf extract of olive (Olea europaea L.) on the levels of gonadotropin, sex hormones and spermatogenesis in diabetic male rats.Materials and Methods:48 adult male wistar rats each weighing about 220-250g was randomly divided into six groups of eight. These groups included: control group which left untreated; sham group which received distilled water; experimental group 1 ,received only 500 mg.kg-1 leaf extract; experimental group 2(diabetic control) receiving only Streptozotocin; and diabetic experimental groups 3and 4 receiving 250 and 500 mg.kg-1 extract respectively. The extract was administered daily by gavageing method for 21 days. Blood samples were taken from all groups and serum levels of LH, FSH, testosterone and Dihydro testosterone were measured by RIA. In this study, the histological changes in testis were cross examined and compared between experimental , control and sham groups.Data were analyzed by SPSS software using ANOVA and Tokay tests, and PResults:Levels of LH, FSH, testosterone and Dihydro testosterone showed a significant decrease in the diabetic control group in respect to control and sham groups (P-1)exhibited a significant increase, compared to them in experimental group 2(diabetic control).Conclusion: Extract hydro-alcoholic olive leaf, can reduce the side effects of diabetes on levels of gonadotropins, sex hormones, spermatogenesis and can improve pituitary – testis axsis in diabetic rat. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - The Synergic Effects Of Shell Extract Of Persian Gulf ChitonLamyiand Acellular Brain on Angiogenesis in Chick Embryo Chorioallantoic Membrane
جواد بهارآرا تکتم جوان جعفری بجنوردی ناصر مهدوی شهری سعیده ظفربالا نژادInroduction and Objective: Chitons are important for medical research because exist of chitosan and chitin in itʼs shell. Because of importance of angiogenesis and since Angiogenesis is a complex process involving extensive interplay between cell soluble factors and ext MoreInroduction and Objective: Chitons are important for medical research because exist of chitosan and chitin in itʼs shell. Because of importance of angiogenesis and since Angiogenesis is a complex process involving extensive interplay between cell soluble factors and extra cellular matrix (ECM) components. In this study, we investigated the angiogenic response induced by Synergic effects of chitonʼs shell extract and acellular brain scaffolds implanted onto the chick chorioallantoic membrane.Materials and Methods In this experimental study, the rat brain was decellularized. we used 50 fertilized eggs that were divided into 5 groups: control, sham-exposed1, sham-exposed2, experimental 1,and experimental 2. In the 12nd day of incubation, the numbers and lengths of vessels around the sponges were measured by Image J software, data were analyzed with SPSS (version 16) and by statistic test such as ANOVA and Tukey results in significant level PResults: Mean number(10/34 ± 1/85) and length(13/12±2/04mm) of vessels in the control with number(6/06±1/36) and length(9/76±1/21mm) of vessels in the experimental group 1 showed a significant decrease (p Conclusion:Results indicate that synergic usage of shell extract of Chiton Lamyi and acellular brain decrease angiogenesis in chorioallantoic membrane Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Study Effects Of Hydroalcoholic Extract Of Medicago sativa in the Treatment Of Acetic Acid Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats
Mojdeh Samari Mehdi Rahnema Shahrzad Nasiri Semnani Ali ShahnavazInroduction and Objective:Peptic ulcer, from histologicalpointisknownasmucosalnecrosisfactor. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Alfalfa hydroalcoholicvegetivearial organs extract on gastric ulcer induced by acetic acid in Rat.Material and Method MoreInroduction and Objective:Peptic ulcer, from histologicalpointisknownasmucosalnecrosisfactor. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Alfalfa hydroalcoholicvegetivearial organs extract on gastric ulcer induced by acetic acid in Rat.Material and Methods: In this experimental study, 60 wistar rats weighting approximately (200-250g) were randomly divided into 4 groups; control, sham(normal salin), experiment 1 (extract of dose 250 mg/kg body weight) and experiment 2 (extract of dose 500 mg/kg body weight). Rats were deprived of food and then underwent surgeryand gastric wasby injecting60% acetic acid after 4,7,10,14 days gavage, the rats' stomach out and then measuring the wound and fixed with 10% formalin, the passage of the tissue section was stained And the number of neutrophils, macrophages and fibroblasts were counted.Results:Results showed that the hydroalcoholic extract of Alfalfacaused a significant increase in gastric ulcer healing in experimental groups 1 and 2 (PConclusion:Alfalfahydroalcoholic vegetive arial organs extract is effective in the treatment of peptic ulcer induced by acetic acid. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Effect of Spirulina platensis on Testicular Tissue Structure and Sex Hormones inMale Mice
Akbar Karimi Mahbubeh ZiaeiInroduction & Objective:Spirulina platensis is a blue-green algae that has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds. In this study the effects of Spirulina platensis on spermatogenesis in male mice was investigatedMethods40 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups(n= MoreInroduction & Objective:Spirulina platensis is a blue-green algae that has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds. In this study the effects of Spirulina platensis on spermatogenesis in male mice was investigatedMethods40 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups(n=10), Control: normal saline, Experimental 1: 75 mg/kg, experimental 2: 150 mg/kg and experimental 3: 300 mg/kg of Spirulina platensisreceived via gavage(During treatment= 30 days, every other day). After treatment the right testis of mice removed and fixed. The tissue stained with H&E. In tissues lineage cells of spermatids , epithelial thickness measured. Levels of testosterone , FSH and LH checked out. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and Duncan test. Level significant was pResultsThe number of spermatogonia , spermatocytes , epithelial thickness and level of testosterone, FSH and LH in experimental 3 increased significant compared with control groupConclusionSpirulina platensisconsumption in male mice increase the number of spermatids , FSH and testosterone Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - The Effect Of Hydro-alcoholic Leaf Extract Of Olea europaea on the Levels Of Gonadotropins, Sex Hormones and Sperma togenesis in Diabetic Rat
Fatemeh MoieniInroduction and ObjectiveAccording to some reports, the Increase in blood glucose level leads to structural and functional changes in reproductive system. In the present study, we attempted to investigate the effect of hydro-alcoholic leaf extract of olive (Olea europae MoreInroduction and ObjectiveAccording to some reports, the Increase in blood glucose level leads to structural and functional changes in reproductive system. In the present study, we attempted to investigate the effect of hydro-alcoholic leaf extract of olive (Olea europaea L.) on the levels of gonadotropin, sex hormones and spermatogenesis in diabetic male rats.Materials and Methods:48 adult male wistar rats each weighing about 220-250g was randomly divided into six groups of eight. These groups included: control group which left untreated; sham group which received distilled water; experimental group 1 ,received only 500 mg.kg-1 leaf extract; experimental group 2(diabetic control) receiving only Streptozotocin; and diabetic experimental groups 3and 4 receiving 250 and 500 mg.kg-1 extract respectively. The extract was administered daily by gavageing method for 21 days. Blood samples were taken from all groups and serum levels of LH, FSH, testosterone and Dihydro testosterone were measured by RIA. In this study, the histological changes in testis were cross examined and compared between experimental , control and sham groups.Data were analyzed by SPSS software using ANOVA and Tokay tests, and PResults:Levels of LH, FSH, testosterone and Dihydro testosterone showed a significant decrease in the diabetic control group in respect to control and sham groups (P-1)exhibited a significant increase, compared to them in experimental group 2(diabetic control).Conclusion: Extract hydro-alcoholic olive leaf, can reduce the side effects of diabetes on levels of gonadotropins, sex hormones, spermatogenesis and can improve pituitary – testis axsis in diabetic rat. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - The Effect Of Hydro-Alcoholic (Ricinus communis) SeedExtract on Spermatogenesis and Sexual hormones in Mice
Roya Mohammadi meyabadi Mitra Heidari Nasrabadi Parvin KhodarahmiInroduction and Objective: The different researches have been done to prevent population.Ricinus communishas different propertiesThis study analyzes the effects of preventing castor's generating.Material and Methods: 21 male mice from NMRI species approximately weighin MoreInroduction and Objective: The different researches have been done to prevent population.Ricinus communishas different propertiesThis study analyzes the effects of preventing castor's generating.Material and Methods: 21 male mice from NMRI species approximately weighing 20-30 gr classified into one control group and two experimental groups. Within 30 days, the experimental groups injected as 35 and 45mg/kg body weight by castor's hydro alcoholic extract and normal saline injected to the control group. 10 days after the mice were last injected, samples taken from their blood and generating organs.The serums transmitted into laboratory for the hormones assessments and some 5 micron transversal cuts taken from their testicles, next they were painted and spermcellular classification counted. The sperm maker's diameter pipes and the germinal layer measured by 10X lens and the cells counted by100X lens. All the data were done by ANOVA statistical method and Tukey test with the p≤ 0.05 meaningful level.Results:A meaningful decrease observed in seminiferous tubules diameterpipes in the 45 mg/kg concentration,germinal diameter layer in experimental groups and the number of spermatogony, primary spermatocyte, sperm and leydig in experimental groups in comparison to control group(0.05>p). The percentage of the moving sperms, the percentage of the sperm's genetic substance and the sperms' morphology demonstrated a meaningful reduction in experimental groups and the hormones assesments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Study Of the effects Diethylstilbestrolin spermatogenesis in male mature Balb/C mice
Seyyedeh Elham Hosseini Vahid Hemayatkhah Jahromi Seyyed Ebrahim Hosseini Mohsen Forozanfar Hossein kargarInroduction and Objective: Diethylstilbestrol (DES) is one estrogenal compound that used for treatment of breast cancer and prostate cancer. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of DES in spermatogenesis in male mature Balb/C mice.Materials and Methods:In MoreInroduction and Objective: Diethylstilbestrol (DES) is one estrogenal compound that used for treatment of breast cancer and prostate cancer. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of DES in spermatogenesis in male mature Balb/C mice.Materials and Methods:In this research, 32 mature mice has been used about weighting 35 - 40 g and age of 80 – 90 days which the mice are divided in four group with eight- numbers which includes one control group, one sham group and two experimental group . The experimental group and sham group has received 10 µg/kg and 20 µg/kg DES for 21 days as daily .Results:The experimental II group has received 0.02 mg/kg DES for 21 days as daily. At last, parameters such as body weight, weight of left and right testis, the number of spermatogonia, spermatocyte, spermatid, sperm, Leydig and sertoli cells as well as rate of LH and testosterone hormone concentration. It has been studies results observed, reduction in number of spermatogonia, spermatocyte, spermatid and sperm cells.Conclusion:But, hasn’t ignificient decrease body weight, weight of left and right testis, the number of Leydig and sertoli. also hasn’t significient decrease concentration of LH hormone. But, it was demonstrated decrease in concentration level of testosterone hormone as comparision with control group. It can concluded, that use of DES may decreases rate of testosterone hormone secretion and cells number of spermatogonia,spermatocyte and spermatid that probably,affected fertility in Balb/C mice. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - The Effect of Glyphosate Herbicide on Oogenesis and Ovary in Adult Rats
Parivash Karimi Habib allah jowhary Vahid Hemayatkhah Jahromi Esmaiel FattahiInroduction & Objective:Glyphosate, commercial known as Roundup is a herbicide from phosphonic family (Amine isopropyl salt) which is used as a systemic toxic for controlling all kinds of annual or perennial weed plants. The goal of this study is the effect of glyphosat MoreInroduction & Objective:Glyphosate, commercial known as Roundup is a herbicide from phosphonic family (Amine isopropyl salt) which is used as a systemic toxic for controlling all kinds of annual or perennial weed plants. The goal of this study is the effect of glyphosate herbicide on oogenesis and ovary in adult ratsMethods50 female matured rats (Wistar race) with mean weight200±15were prepared and divided into five 10 members groups including control, sham, experimental 1, experimental 2 and experimental 3. The control group didn’t receive any treatments. The sham group has received 0.2 cc distilled water as daily qualities injection and the 1, 2 and 3 groups have received 50,100 and 200 mg/kg glyphosate as intra peritoneum injection during 14 consecutive days. Ovaries were extracted and sliced, tissue sections were studying on the number of secondary follicles, Graffian follicles, corpus luteum and atretic follicles.ResultsThe results of this research showed that nevertheless glyphosate had not significant influence on ovary weight but the secondary, Graffian and atretic follicles and corpus leuteum of experimental groups had significant increase than the control group (pConclusionIt can be concluded that glyphosate can change ovary follicles amount and oogenesis in rats Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Effects of Pimozide on Physiology of Reproduction in Adult Male Rat
Tahereh Bagheri Mehrdad ShariatiInroduction & Objective: Pimozide is an antipsychotic with neuroleptic properties that has been found to be useful in the management of chronic schizophrenic patients , mania and hypomania. This drug blocks dopamine receptors. In this research the effect of pimozide wer MoreInroduction & Objective: Pimozide is an antipsychotic with neuroleptic properties that has been found to be useful in the management of chronic schizophrenic patients , mania and hypomania. This drug blocks dopamine receptors. In this research the effect of pimozide were studied on pituitary gonad axis function, the concentration of testosterone , FSH and LH level and testis histological changes. Materials and Methods:The present study was done on 50 male rats wistar strain that divided to 5 groups of 10 animal, including: Control, sham (received normal saline as a solvent) and three pimozide (1,2,4 mg/ kg) received the experimental groups. The drug were administered for 30 days orally and blood samples were taken from the rats and serum concentrations of testosterone, FSH and LH were measured by RIA method. Histological changes were studied among experimental, control and sham groups. The results were evaluated by using SPSS software and ANOVA tests. Results:The results showed that 4 mg/ kg dose of pimozide reduced testosterone. The level of FSH and LH were increased (P ConclusionSo in general we can say that high doses of pimozide decreases the concentration of testosterone level and the number of spermatogenic cells exception sertoli. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - The Performance Review Prebiotic Safety Isomalto-Oligosaccharide on Reducing the Incidence of Intestinal Tissue of Common Carp (Cyprinus Carpio) in the Face of Lethal Poison Concentration of Butachlor (Machty)
Mohammad Forouhar Vajargah ّFatemeh Darabitabar Seyyed Ali Akbar HedayatiInroduction & Objective: Pimozide is an antipsychotic with neuroleptic properties that has been found to be useful in the management of chronic schizophrenic patients , mania and hypomania. This drug blocks dopamine receptors. In this research the effect of pimo MoreInroduction & Objective: Pimozide is an antipsychotic with neuroleptic properties that has been found to be useful in the management of chronic schizophrenic patients , mania and hypomania. This drug blocks dopamine receptors. In this research the effect of pimozide were studied on pituitary gonad axis function, the concentration of testosterone , FSH and LH level and testis histological changes. Materials and Methods: The present study was done on 50 male rats wistar strain that divided to 5 groups of 10 animal, including: Control, sham (received normal saline as a solvent) and three pimozide (1,2,4 mg/ kg) received the experimental groups. The drug were administered for 30 days orally and blood samples were taken from the rats and serum concentrations of testosterone, FSH and LH were measured by RIA method. Histological changes were studied among experimental, control and sham groups. The results were evaluated by using SPSS software and ANOVA tests. Results: The results showed that 4 mg/ kg dose of pimozide reduced testosterone. The level of FSH and LH were increased (P Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - The effect of the combination of black seed and honey (ducin) on level of sex steroids and spermatogenesis following induction of hypothyroidism in adult male rats
parisa pourzal Mokhtar Mokhtari mehrdad shariatiIntroduction & Objective: Changes related to thyroid hormones cause gonadal dysfunction and infertility Present study aimed at determining the effect of Dosin ( Sativa Nigella and honey mixture) on sex stroids and spermatogenesis following Methimazole induction of h MoreIntroduction & Objective: Changes related to thyroid hormones cause gonadal dysfunction and infertility Present study aimed at determining the effect of Dosin ( Sativa Nigella and honey mixture) on sex stroids and spermatogenesis following Methimazole induction of hypothyroidism in rats.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 60 adult male Wistar rats aged about 10-11 weeks were randomly divided into six groups of ten, including the control group, The Sham group,experimental group 1; the adminstration of methimazol at dose of 25 mg/kg for 10 day , experimental group 2; the adminstration of Dosin alone at dose of 200 mg/kg for 21 days, groups Experiments 3 and 4 ; the adminstration of Dosin at the dose of 100 and 200 mg/kg for 21 days, were divided. At the end of the experiment, blood was taken from the heart of the animals and the serum concentrations of dihydrotestosterone, androsterone, dihydroepiandrosterone and androstenedione were measured. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was also performed to examine testicular tissue changes.Result: The amount of dihydrotestosterone, dihydroepiandrosterone and androstenedione in experimental groups 3 and 4 showed a significant increase compared to experimental group 1. The amount of androsterone in experimental group 4 increased compared to experimental group 1.In experimental groups 3 and 4, primary spermatocyte cells, spermatids and the amount of epididymal sperm storage showed a significant increase compared to experimental group 1.Conclusion: Based on the results, black seed and honey (ducin) improve and multiply the cells of spermatogenic germ line in rats with hypothyroidism Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Porosity evolution and diagenetic history of the upper Jurassic Mozduran Formation, eastern Kopet-Dagh Basin, NE Iran
Mehdi Reza Poursoltani Mahin Hrati Sabzvar -
Open Access Article
26 - Investigation of reservoir quality of the Kangan Formation based on petrographic and petrophysical studies: A case study of wells "A" and "B" in the gas field of the Tabnak Anticline, SW Iran
Mohammad Nikbin Mohammad Khanehbad Reza Moussavi-Harami Asadollah Mahboubi Mahdi Khoddami Ehsan Ghofrani -
Open Access Article
27 - Geochemistry and diagenetic evidence of middle-late Permian deposits, Northern Iran
Alireza Chegini Iraj Maghfouri Moghaddam Mohamahosein Adabi Masoud Lotfpour -
Open Access Article
28 - Geochemical evolution and petrogenesis of the eocene Kashmar granitoid rocks, NE Iran: implications for fractional crystallization and crustal contamination processes
Rahim Dabiri Mohsen Akbari-Mogaddam Mitra Ghaffari -
Open Access Article
29 - Petrogenesis of volcanic rocks from Razei region in Northwest Ardabil, Iran
Yousef VasighThe Razei region in the northwest of Ardabil is considered a part of West Alborz-Azerbaijan. Rocks in this area were created by Eocene volcanic activities. These rocks range from andesite to olivine basalt. The common texture of these rocks is Porphyritic with microlith MoreThe Razei region in the northwest of Ardabil is considered a part of West Alborz-Azerbaijan. Rocks in this area were created by Eocene volcanic activities. These rocks range from andesite to olivine basalt. The common texture of these rocks is Porphyritic with microlithic matrix. The phenocrysts of these rocks are often clinopyroxene, plagioclase, and olivine. The texture is made of microlithic plagioclase and fine crystals of pyroxene. The studied rocks have clear desire to alkali basalts in terms of chemical nomenclature. Disequilibrium factors between liquid and crystal show the processes of magmatic evolution in an open thermodynamic system. The mixed climate in this region has probably contributed the most to changing the chemical composition of these rocks. In the spider diagrams, enrichments often include some LIL elements and depletions usually include some HFS elements. Enrichment of LILE is probably accompanied with the contamination of the basic magma with materials from continental lithosphere. The volcanic rocks in Razei have mainly geochemical characteristics of back arc basin, and the magmas that created the rocks in this region have an origin of lithospheric mantle. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Paragenesis and geochornological studies of Asnawa Iron Ore by the isotope and mineral chemistry in Penjween Area, Zagros Suture Zone Kurdistan Region, NE Iraq
Kamal H. Karim Nabaz R.H. Aziz Al-Bidary Mayssa A.A.A The Asinawa iron ore is located about 3km to the southeast of Penjween town, Sulaimaniya Governorate, Kurdistan Region, Northeastern Iraq near the Iraq-Iran border. The exposed iron ore deposit is about 60 and 400m wide and long respectively. The present st More The Asinawa iron ore is located about 3km to the southeast of Penjween town, Sulaimaniya Governorate, Kurdistan Region, Northeastern Iraq near the Iraq-Iran border. The exposed iron ore deposit is about 60 and 400m wide and long respectively. The present study is the re-study of the geology and geochemistry of the Asnawan Iron ore deposit and concluded that the country rocks are consist of hornfels in which the original lamination or banding of the parent rocks (calc-silicate low grade metamorphic rocks) are preserved and inherited from its laminated sedimentary precursors. Moreover, the facies that is associated with host rocks is hornblende-hornfels facies with temperature range of 550-650 oC. This range is confirmed through thermo barometry. There are evidences of localized pyroxene-hornfels and sanidine hornfels facies too. Additionally, the detail of the different stages of the iron ore paragenesis is shown by discussion with the aid of suitable graphical drawing and geochemical variation diagrams. By these methods, the sedimentary stratigraphic unit of the parent rock (protolith) was found for the first time which consists of Qulqula Radiolarian Formation (Kermanshah Radiolarites in Iran). The bedded chert, limestone and calcareous shale is the main lithology of the latter formation and after burial and deformation, it is regionally metamorphosed to banded and lamiated calc-silicate rocks of green facies rocks. At a later stage, these rocks, remetamorphosed (polymetamorphism pattern) again to hornfels with concurrent changing to iron ore by basic iron rich hydrothermal solutions during Eocene (37-40Ma). This age is calculated using Ar39/Ar40 method of dating. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Biochemical basis of Benzothiadiazole-mediated defense in quince under orchard condition
Parinaz Etesamzadeh Mansoureh Keshavari Adeleh Sobhanipour Esfandiar ZohourBased on the recent results on the efficacy of Bion elicitor in increasing quince (Cydonia oblanga) resistance to fire blight caused by Erwinia amylovora bacterium, the biochemical basis of this induced defense was studied for the first time. The experiment was conducte MoreBased on the recent results on the efficacy of Bion elicitor in increasing quince (Cydonia oblanga) resistance to fire blight caused by Erwinia amylovora bacterium, the biochemical basis of this induced defense was studied for the first time. The experiment was conducted on quince cv. Isfahan seedlings grafted on quince rootstocks under orchard condition. In early spring, three-years-old young plants were sprayed twice with Bion (400 mg/l) in 4-days intervals and four days after the last spray, young leaves were collected for enzymes extraction and quantification. Also, phytotoxic effects of Bion were studied throughout the time course of the study in orchard. Based on the results, Bion did not induce any phytotoxicity effects on quince. Bion treatment increased polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activities but did not affect on catalase activity. It is concluded that elevation of oxidative enzymes are a part of biochemical mechanism of Bion-mediated defense in quince but catalase enzyme activity, which dismutase reactive oxygen species, does not change. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Effect of Endurance Trainings and Adenosine Treatment After Brain Ischemia Reperfusion Injury on Some Angiogenic Genes Expression in Hippocampus of Male Wistar Rats
Mohsen Jafari Arsalan Behjati Mahdi Zeygham Jahani Alireza Davoodi KooshaIntroduction: Angiogenesis improvement treatments are effective in reduction of stroke induced organ injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of an endurance training with and without adenosine consumption on some angiogenic genes expression in hippo MoreIntroduction: Angiogenesis improvement treatments are effective in reduction of stroke induced organ injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of an endurance training with and without adenosine consumption on some angiogenic genes expression in hippocampus of male Wistar rats after ischemia reperfusion injury.Methods: After induction of ischemia reperfusion injury, rats were divided into three groups of ischemia (group1), ischemia with exercise (group2) and ischemia with exercise and adenosine (group3). Exercise groups performed endurance trainings on treadmill for 8 weeks (5 sessions per week) with intensity of 30m per minute. Adenosine dosage in group3 was 0/4 mg per kg. Hippocampus of the rats were isolated for gene expression analysis after trainings.Results: There was difference between groups 1&3 and 2&3 in HIF1α gene expression (P=0/000); in case of HIF2α, all groups were different (P=0/000); R4 gene expression was different between groups 1&2 and 1&3 (P=0/004); S2 gene expression was different in all groups (P=0/000); HMGB1 gene expression was different between groups 1&2 (P=0/011), 1&3 (P=0/000) and 2&3 (P=0/000) and significant difference was observed in all groups in AP1 gene expression (P=0/000). Conclusion: After ischemia reperfusion injury, eight weeks' endurance training may be effective in improvement of angiogenesis through elevation of HIF1α, HIF2α, S2, R4, HMGB1 and AP1 genes expression and this effect is reinforced by adenosine treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Clinical report of coincidence of congenital terminal hemimelia in tibia and bilateral agenesis of the phalanges in a kitten
Hamid Mohyeddin Hamidreza Fattahian Mahya Jazini DorchehA 4- month- old domestic short hair (DSH) kitten with malformed, non weight bearing and painful left pelvic limb without any history of trauma was referred to small animal hospital. Hemimelia is a congenital complete or partial absence of one or more than one bone in li MoreA 4- month- old domestic short hair (DSH) kitten with malformed, non weight bearing and painful left pelvic limb without any history of trauma was referred to small animal hospital. Hemimelia is a congenital complete or partial absence of one or more than one bone in limbs. All appendicular bones can be affected and many variations have been shown. Radial, tibial and ulnar hemimielia are usually common. In the present clinical report we found terminal hemimelia in the left hind limb along with agenesis of tibia, metatarsal bones and phalanges and agenesis of metatarsal bones and phalanges in the contralateral hindlimb. In treatment of tibial hemimelia, it may be possible to prevent permanent muscle contraction, bone deformation and varus but in this case, amputation of affected limb was recommended to the owner because of severe limb deformities, limb rotation and impossibility of arthrodesis. Castration/neutering to prevent congenital spread and radiography of other body parts to detect concurrent disorders is recommended in these cases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Effect of ginseng hydro-alcoholic extract along with aerobic exercise on antioxidant levels and inflammatory factors of cardiac tissue in male rat model of endocarditis caused by Listeria Monocytogenes (ATCC: 19114)
Seyed Zanyar Athari Younes Anzabi Zahra Karamouz Mir Alireza NourazarEndocarditis is a rare but serious infection following listeriosis. Ginseng extract has immunomodulatory effects. Regular exercise reduces the risk of chronic metabolic and cardiopulmonary diseases through its anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to evaluate the MoreEndocarditis is a rare but serious infection following listeriosis. Ginseng extract has immunomodulatory effects. Regular exercise reduces the risk of chronic metabolic and cardiopulmonary diseases through its anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ginseng extract against experimental endocarditis with Listeria monocytogenes in rats and the effect of aerobic exercise on improving its antimicrobial properties. For this purpose, 36 rats weighing 250±20 gr were randomly divided into six groups of 6, including sham, patient (receiving bacterial suspension), ampicillin treatment (15 mg/kg, s.c. for one month), ginseng treatment (0.025 mg/kg, i.p. for one month), aerobic exercise (60% of maximal oxygen consumption for one month) and ginseng+exercise (treated similarly to ginseng treatment and aerobic exercise groups). At the end of the study and after sacrifice, the levels of Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx), and Paraoxonase-1 (PON-1), as well as the concentration of cardiac tissue cytokines including Interleukine-1 (IL-1), IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α, were measured. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test, and the significance level was considered as p<0.05. Tissue levels of antioxidants were significantly reduced in the patient group, while their levels were significantly increased in the ginseng+exercise group (p<0.05). On the other hand, tissue levels of IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α increased in the patient group, while their levels decreased significantly in the ginseng+exercise group (p<0.05). This study showed that hydro-alcoholic extract of ginseng along with aerobic exercise has a better effect than either of them alone against experimental endocarditis caused by listeria monocytogenesis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - A comparative study to investigate the effect of Testosterone enanthate and Nandrolonedecanoate administration on testicular tissue and spermatogenesis coefficients in rats
Sajjad Purali Afshin Davasaz Esmaiel SafaviSexually differentiating traits in males, the emergence of primary and secondary sexual traits and numerous systemic effects are controlled by the hormone testosterone, therefore testosterone and its various esters, including enanthate, are produced and supplied for med MoreSexually differentiating traits in males, the emergence of primary and secondary sexual traits and numerous systemic effects are controlled by the hormone testosterone, therefore testosterone and its various esters, including enanthate, are produced and supplied for medicinal, livestock and even sports purposes. Nandrolone has many similarities to testosterone in terms of its chemical structure, and nandrolone decanoate, a long acting ester, is more effective than nandrolone. On the other hand, the adverse effects of androgen abuse, such as suppression of spermatogenesis and testicular atrophy, can be seen in the long term. The similarities of these two drugs and their uses and the adverse effects of their abuse was the main reason to investigate and compare the effect of testosterone enanthate and nandrolone decanoate administration on testicular tissue and spermatogenesis coefficients in rats. For this purpose, 21 adult male rats were randomly allocated into 3 groups of control (without drug injection), treatment with nandrolone decanoate (10 mg/kg per week) and treatment with testosterone enanthate (5 mg/100 g per week). After 8 weeks, tissue samples prepared from the testicles of rats were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and subjected to histopathological study. The results showed that both drugs had a significant adverse effect on the diameter and height of the epithelium of the seminiferous tubules and the thickness of the interstitial tissue of the testis. Also, the coefficients of spermatogenesis, including tubular differentiation coefficient, spermiogenesis coefficient and regeneration coefficient, were negatively affected by both drugs, although, only the effect of testosterone enanthate was significant (p<0.05). Overall, the administration of anabolic steroids leads to numerous histopathological changes in the male reproductive system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - The effect of chronic administration of ketoconazol on spermatogenesis indices and testis tissue in mice
S.E Safavi M.H Khayat Nouri فرهاد Azimi Ketoconazole, a broad spectrum antifungal agent has been employed widely in the treatment of fungal diseases. In addition to being antifungal, studies have indicated that this drug has an inhibitory effect on steroid hormone production including gluc More Ketoconazole, a broad spectrum antifungal agent has been employed widely in the treatment of fungal diseases. In addition to being antifungal, studies have indicated that this drug has an inhibitory effect on steroid hormone production including glucocorticoids and sex hormones and also its administration causes reduction in the amount of blood testosterone level and histologic changes in testicular tissue of laboratory animals. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of long term ketoconazole administration on spermatogenesis indices in testicular tissue of mice. In this experimental study 50 male mice were used which were allocated to 5 groups each containing 10 animals. The mice received a 50 mg/kg dose of ketoconazole daily for a period of 15 days, 1, 2 and 3 months orally. One group was used as the control and the other 4 groups received Ketoconazole, testicular tissue samples were collected at the end of the aforementioned time period, and after preparation of tissue sections and staining with hematoxylin and coin the spermiogenesis indices including tubular differentiation index (TDI), spermatogenesis index (SI) and repopulation index (RI) were studied. The results indicated that SI and RI decreased significantly (p<0.05) following 15 days of ketoconazole administration in comparison with the control group and TDI, SI and RI had also decreased significantly after 1, 2 and 3 months. These results indicate that long term administration of Ketoconazole reduces spermatogenesis and its indices in the testicular tissue of mice probably via reduction in the serumic concentration of testosterone. However the effect of this drug on spermatogenesis and human infertility needs to be further investigated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Histogenesis study of the ovine lens
M.A Ebrahimi رضا Najjar رعنا KeyhanmaneshIn this study, 78 sheep fetuses were used for the evaluation of anatomic and histologic aspects of lens with three methods (H&E, Verhoeff's and P.A.S. staining). The results showed that the lens vesicle was formed completely by 30th day and lost its contact with the MoreIn this study, 78 sheep fetuses were used for the evaluation of anatomic and histologic aspects of lens with three methods (H&E, Verhoeff's and P.A.S. staining). The results showed that the lens vesicle was formed completely by 30th day and lost its contact with the superficial ectoderm. In 40th day of fetal period, the epithelium of the posterior wall of the lens gradually started to disappear due to its development and formation of forward facing elastic fibers limiting the internal space of the vesicle. By 150th day, the density and thickness of these fibers were increasing. In addition, at this day, the capsule of the posterior surface of the lens started to form. In 50th day of fetal period the internal space of vesicle was filled with elastic fibers and the epithelium of the anterior surface became simple cuboidal. At that day, the capsule of the anterior surface of the lens gradually was formed and in 60-day fetus, it became complete. By 150th day, its thickness was increased a little. After 80th day, the convexity of the posterior part would become more than the convexity of the anterior part because of the increased growth of lens fibers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Study on cornea histogenesis in sheep embryo
M.A Ebrahimi ناصر MotallebiIn this study, 36 samples of sheep fetal at different and modal ages have been used. Sample after preparation and determination of age immediately fixed and anatomic and histological studies were done. In Histological studies in addition to conventional H&E staining MoreIn this study, 36 samples of sheep fetal at different and modal ages have been used. Sample after preparation and determination of age immediately fixed and anatomic and histological studies were done. In Histological studies in addition to conventional H&E staining, two staining that include Masson trichrome and verhuff staining was used. The yield results revealed that cornea is distinct in the second month of embryonic period and in the next ages spends the stages of growth. From the beginning in cornea formed in horizontal ellipse type so the internal curve of is larger than external curve. The growth process from the point of longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter and corneas height from the border of sclera is ascending with the raising of age. Upper and lower eyelids was impacted in the early and late time of the second month and separated from together again in the third month of embryonic period. Third eyelid approximately appears in 120 days of age in the internal angle of the eye. Histology of external epithelial tissue growth observed from simple cubic to six layers stratified cubic form. Matrix has been strengthened from point of cells (fibroblast) and a filaments (collagen) with the rising of age. Increases in the elastic filaments are appreciable at the end of embryonic stages. Desmit membrane appears as limiting membrane in the early time of the second month of embryonic period in the beneath of internal epithelial tissue and also growth with rising of age. Desmit membrane has any elastic filaments. No Bowman layer or the external limiting membrane was seen in this animal. Tricrummasson staining confirms collagen filaments and verhuff staining confirm elastic filaments growth with rising of age. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - The effect of low-power laser on the promotion of spermatogenesis in a mouse model of azoospermia (in-vivo)
habib tajalli Masoud Maleki Esmail Safavi Reza Shahi Fatemeh Firoozi Zahra Akbarpour Ali reza Sotoudeh Khyaban -
Open Access Article
40 - The effects of low-power laser on the promotion of spermatogenesis in a mouse model of azoospermia (in-vivo)
Habib Tajalli Masoud Maleki Esmail Safavi Reza Shahi Fatemeh Firoozi Zahra Akbarpour Alireza Sotoudeh Khyaban -
Open Access Article
41 - The effect of pumpkin seeds hydroalcoholic extract and endurance training on mitochondrial biogenesis markers and DNA damage in uterine tissue in rats toxicated by hydrogen peroxide
Shahrzad Asghari mohammadali azarbayjani maghsoud peeri hasan matin homaeeAbstractIntroduction: The imbalance in the prooxidant-antioxidant ratio causes uterine tissue damage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Pumpkin seed and aerobic training on mitochondrial biogenesis markers and DNA damage in uterine tissue in rats toxic MoreAbstractIntroduction: The imbalance in the prooxidant-antioxidant ratio causes uterine tissue damage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Pumpkin seed and aerobic training on mitochondrial biogenesis markers and DNA damage in uterine tissue in rats toxicated by hydrogen peroxide. Method: To implementation of this experimental research, 42 male wistar rats randomly were divided into 7 groups. All groups received 100 mg/kg body weight of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for 14 days intraperitoneal. Rats in supplemented groups received hydrophilic the rats received supplemental hydroalcoholic extract of pumpkin seeds at doses of 1 and 2 mg/kg body weight per day by gavage method. Aerobic training was performed on a treadmill at a speed of 23 m/min, 30 min/day, 5 days/week for eight weeks. 24 hours after the last training session, rat uterine tissue was collected. Data were analyzed using by Independent T-test, two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test at P<0.05. Results: Combined intervention of pumpkin seed extract with aerobic exercise significantly increased methyl guanine levels and oxidant-prooxidant balance (PAB), as well as significantly decreased adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in uterine tissue (P<0.05).Conclusion: According to the results, supplementation of pumpkin seed with aerobic exercise can have a greater effect on improving mitochondrial biogenesis and reducing uterine tissue DNA damage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - The effect of Purslane seed supplement and aerobic training on mitochondrial biogenesis markers and DNA damage in kidney tissue in rats toxicated by hydrogen peroxide
Forogh foladi Mohamad ali Azarbayjani Maghsoud Peeri Farshad GhazalianIntroduction: Various treatment methods such as herbal supplements and lifestyle modification including regular exercise have been recommended to reduce oxidative damage and improve antioxidant defense. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Purslane seed s MoreIntroduction: Various treatment methods such as herbal supplements and lifestyle modification including regular exercise have been recommended to reduce oxidative damage and improve antioxidant defense. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Purslane seed supplement and aerobic training on mitochondrial biogenesis markers and DNA damage in kidney tissue of rats toxicated by hydrogen peroxide. Materials and Methods: To implementation of this experimental research, 54 male wistar rats randomly were divided into 9 groups. All groups received 100 mg/kg body weight of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for 14 days intraperitoneal. Rats in supplemented groups received hydrophilic Purslane seed with doses of 50, 200 and 400 mg per day by gavage method. Aerobic training was performed on a treadmill at a speed of 23 m/min, 30 min/day, 5 days/week for eight weeks. Data were analyzed using by two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test at P<0.05.Results: The results showed that purslane seeds and the combined intervention of purslane seeds with aerobic training led to significant increase in the levels of O-6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase and oxidant-prooxidant balance (PAB), as well as significant decrease the amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in kidney tissue of rats toxicated by hydrogen peroxide (P=0.001).Conclusion: It seems that aerobic exercise with purslane seeds can help to reduce the oxidative damage of kidney. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Tafony (Genesis, Evolution, and Distribution issues)
mojtaba khalilizadehRock in many aspects of human activity has fundamental importance. If the rocks in different conditions than the current environment to be formed, are posses to natural weathering processes and forms shapes that are interesting subject to geomorphologists to be us MoreRock in many aspects of human activity has fundamental importance. If the rocks in different conditions than the current environment to be formed, are posses to natural weathering processes and forms shapes that are interesting subject to geomorphologists to be used effectively in creating the conditions and how they are developed. In geomorphology, Tafony has a surprising form by the chemical and salt weathering that are created on rocky outcrops. These quasi-cave shapes can be found in different structures such as sandstone, granite, dolomite, limestone, rhyolite and metamorphosed conglomerate. They also have been observed in different climates such as Polar Regions, coastal, semi-arid areas and even on Mars. Despite extensive distribution of Tafony, this issue must consider that they are generally found in rock crystal and grain and also, are created in terms of environmental in humid and salty environments. Since some forms of Tafony are very old, especially those that are very large and wide, often as evidence of past climatic periods are raised so they can study as the evidence of the weather and climatic conditions of that era. Considering the distribution of this phenomenon, how Tafony formed and their effective processes is still discussed and there are different opinions about its genesis. Since we can find this phenomenon in all climates, it is mentioned in many resources, including coastal, deserts texts, and since this phenomenon is one of the forms of weathering and could be seen on marine and urban structures, so in some of these works without reference to the name of Tafony, have been studied. In Iran, this phenomenon has been observed in many areas, including Abyaneh road, Larestan, alongside Qom road, Binaloud mountains, southern slopes of the Zagros and ... that generally includes sub glacial, cold, coastal and desert areas, amny studies have been done on them as often or in case of dominant erosion in geology and works of geomorphologists such as Zomorodian and Ahmadi with some brief reference to their formation. In this study we try to evaluate the Iranian and global literature in relation to Tafony genesis, its causes and distribution and new findings in relation to this phenomenon is discussed to be exposed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Somatic embryogenesis from stem segment of Hyoscyamus arachnoideus Pojark. and qualitative and quantitative evaluation of proteins during different stages of it
mahdis Ebrahimzadeh mehlgha Ghorbanli hasan EbrahimzadehThe Hyoscyamus genus has been always regarded because of the therapeutic effects and its contained tropan alkaloids. Utilizing genetic engineering methods for production of plants for production of plant belonging to this genus with higher medical values and propagation MoreThe Hyoscyamus genus has been always regarded because of the therapeutic effects and its contained tropan alkaloids. Utilizing genetic engineering methods for production of plants for production of plant belonging to this genus with higher medical values and propagation of this plant in a fast and cost-effective manner is very important. Somatic embryogenesis is a great help in this field. The aim of the current study is to gain knowledge about mechanism of somatic embryogenesis via protein changes' assessment in different stages of embryo formation. In this study stem culture on MS medium containing BAP and IAA lead to embryogenesis. Quantitative protein evaluation in different stages of embryo development showed changes in protein content. The qualitative evaluation of protein was performed using electrophoresis of two types of polyacryl amide gel in discontinued system (PAGE and SDS-PAGE). Molecular mass of peptide as well as peptide separated bonds were calculated, and it cleared that during embryogenesis different proteins and peptides undergo up-regulation, down-regulation and modulation. In addition, main and fundamental proteins and peptides were known. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Investigating in vitro culture of Abu Jahl watermelon plant Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad
سورمه Qara Matrosyan مهلقا GhorbanliIn this research, the determination of the best cultivation environment for stem organogenesis and the selection of the most suitable cultivar from Abu Jahl watermelon seeds have been studied. In order to obtain sterile roasted seeds, the inhibition of the seed shell wa MoreIn this research, the determination of the best cultivation environment for stem organogenesis and the selection of the most suitable cultivar from Abu Jahl watermelon seeds have been studied. In order to obtain sterile roasted seeds, the inhibition of the seed shell was removed in concentrated sulfuric acid for 20 minutes. After washing with sterile distilled water, the seeds were transferred to a sterile culture medium. 20 days later, small pieces (cotyledon, terminal bud, cotyledon axis and root) were prepared from the roasted seeds and transferred to MS medium with different hormone treatments. All isolated cultures produced callus, and only the terminal bud treated with IAA and quintine equal to 1 mg in relitertolide produced callus, then it was differentiated into bud and branch. To determine the most suitable cultivation environment; Two cultivation environments were considered. MS basic culture medium with IAA and quintine treatment equal to 1 mg and MS basic culture medium, vitamin 2 equal to MS basic medium and benzyl aminopurine treatment 2 mg/liter along with naphthalene acetic acid 0.1 mg/liter. The terminal bud was separated from the sterile culture medium and placed in these two culture mediums. The design was based on a completely random block. Data collection was done in four stages. The ability to produce callus in the culture medium treated with benzyl aminopurine along with naphthalene acetic acid was higher than in the culture medium of IAA and quintine. In the cultivation environment with IAA and quintine treatment with equal amounts, branching and increase in the length of the branches were significant. In the culture medium, treatment with benzyl aminopurine along with naphthalene acetic acid caused the differentiation of callus into branches, but branching and increasing the length of branches were not significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Response of Prosopis koelziana Burkart to in vitro culture and salt stress
مهلقا Ghorbanli داود Noshade بهاره Allahverdi MamaghaniEffect of explants source, plant growth regulator and NaCl on organogenesis and proline accumulation in prosopis Kolziana, salt tolerant species, were studied. Meristem, young leaf, and cotyledon separated from in vitro seedling. Then explants were cultured on MS medium MoreEffect of explants source, plant growth regulator and NaCl on organogenesis and proline accumulation in prosopis Kolziana, salt tolerant species, were studied. Meristem, young leaf, and cotyledon separated from in vitro seedling. Then explants were cultured on MS medium supplement with different plant growth regulators. Multiple shoot regeneration was observed in meristem explants. In contrast leaf callus did not produce any shoot and root. The best treatment for shoot regeneration was MS Medium containing 1 mgl-1 6-benzylaminopurine and 0.1 mgl-1 naphtalenacetic acid. Auxins promoted callus and root regeneration. In contrast cytokinin hormones induced shoot formation. Effect of different concentrations of NaCl (2, 4, 6, 8, 10 gl-1) on organogenesis and proline accumulation were investigated. The result showed salt stress tends to decrease of organogenesis. But it had less effect on callus induction. Although, high content of NaCl inhibited both callusing and shoot regeneration. Proline content was significantly increased by increasing the NaCl. Increasing the NaCl concentration from 8 mgl-1 to 12 mgl-1 did not enhance proline content. It is suggested proline had an important role on salt resistance in this species. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - A review of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the environment: pathogenesis, antibiotic resistance, genetic diversity, and removal ways from water treatment
Ghasem Ghorbani Ebrahim Rahimi Amir ShakerianPseudomonas aeruginosa as a waterborne pathogen is a growing concern to public health sectors. Many sources of environmental water could potentially be acting as a reservoir for potentially pathogenic strains of P. aeruginosa. Due to the fact that P. aeruginosa is an op MorePseudomonas aeruginosa as a waterborne pathogen is a growing concern to public health sectors. Many sources of environmental water could potentially be acting as a reservoir for potentially pathogenic strains of P. aeruginosa. Due to the fact that P. aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen and causes serious problems, it seems necessary to know the pathogenesis, antibiotic resistance, genetic diversity and methods of removing it from drinking water. The pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa has been extensively studied and proven to be a multifactorial process, mediated by quorum sensing. P. aeruginosa possess two quorum sensing systems, las and rhl that facilitate cell to cell communication through production of signalling molecules termed autoinducers to target specific receptors for activation. P. aeruginosa is intrinsically resistant to various antibiotics due to a low permeability in the outer membrane, which acts as a selective barrier. However, this bacterium is a highly diverse pathogen that is capable of adaptation to the surrounding environment. When subjected to antibiotic selective pressure, the induced response facilitates bacterial survival and develops antibiotic resistance. literature suggests that the large genome size and genome complexity are responsible for the ability of this bacterium to adapt and thrive in a diverse range of environments. The presence and persistence of these bacteria in environmental waters may pose a great risk to the public health and requires further work to fully characterize and quantify the input of MDR P. aeruginosa strains from the hospitals compared with those originating from the general community or other wastewater related sources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - مروری بر کاربرد اسانس های گیاهی در فیلم های بسته بندی مواد غذایی
الهه امانی امیرپویا قندهاری یزدی لیلا صداقت بروجنیمقدمه و هدف: بسته بندی فعال یکی از نوآوری­های صنعت بسته بندی مواد غذایی بوده که پاسخی برای نیاز­های متغیر مصرف کنندگان و بازار می­باشد. در این تکنیک از موادی مانند جاذب اکسیژن، رطوبت، دی کسید کربن، اتیلن و ترکیبات طعم دهنده و ترکی Moreمقدمه و هدف: بسته بندی فعال یکی از نوآوری­های صنعت بسته بندی مواد غذایی بوده که پاسخی برای نیاز­های متغیر مصرف کنندگان و بازار می­باشد. در این تکنیک از موادی مانند جاذب اکسیژن، رطوبت، دی کسید کربن، اتیلن و ترکیبات طعم دهنده و ترکیبات آزاد کننده دی اکسید کربن، آنتی میکروبی، آنتی اکسیدانی و ترکیبات معطر استفاده می شود. در دهه اخیر توجه زیادی به کاربرد ترکیبات ضد میکروبی برای بسته بندی مواد غذایی و سطوح در تماس با مواد غذایی شده است، اسانس­های گیاهی یکی از ترکیبات موثر دراین زمینه می­باشند. در این مقاله به بررسی انواع اسانس­های گیاهی، اجزاء اصلی، خصوصیات ضد میکروبی، اثر جهش زایی و ضد جهش این ترکیبات، کاربردشان در بسته بندی مواد غذایی و تاثیر آن­ها بر خصوصیات فیزیکوشیمیایی ماده بسته بندی و ماده غذایی بسته بندی پرداخته شده است. نتایج و بحث: اسانس­ها و ترکیبات آن ها مانند لینالول، تیمول، سینامالدئید، وانیلین، کارواکرول و بسیاری از ترکیبات دیگر برای استفاده در صنعت غذا و افزایش عمر نگهداری مواد فساد پذیر به دلیل خواصی مانند فعالیت ضد میکروبی، ضد قارچی و آنتی اکسیدانی قابل قبول می­باشند. در حال حاضر تحقیقات زیادی نشان داده اند که اکثر این ترکیبات برای سلامت انسان مضر نمی باشند، مقبولیت قابل توجهی در صنعت و بین مصرف کنندگان پیدا کرده­اند. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: بسته بندی ضد میکروبی یک نوع بسته بندی فعال است که بر زمان نگهداری، سلامت و ایمنی غذا موثر می­باشد. مواد مختلفی از جمله اسانس­های گیاهی در این نوع بسته بندی قابل استفاده هستند که باعث افزایش عمر نگهداری و کیفیت محصول می­شوند، با این­حال ایمنی این ترکیبات قبل از استفاده در صنعت باید مشخص شده باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - مقایسه ترکیبات پلی فنلی، خاصیت مهارکنندگی رادیکالهای آزاد و تاثیر بر آدیپوژنز در Chorisia Chodatii و Chorisia Speciosa
جون رفعت ثمر یهیا دسوکی محمد احمد رامادان محمد صالح کامل جونکیو هان هیرکو ایسودامقدمه و هدف: Chorisia گیاهی مهم از خانواده Bombacaceae است که به طور سنتی برای انواع بیماریها استفاده می شود. با توجه به غنی بودن آن از نظر برخی از ترکیبات فیتوشیمیایی زیست فعال، برخی از گونه های Chorisia طیف گسترده ای از اثرات مهم بیولوژیکی را نشان داده اند. بر این اسا Moreمقدمه و هدف: Chorisia گیاهی مهم از خانواده Bombacaceae است که به طور سنتی برای انواع بیماریها استفاده می شود. با توجه به غنی بودن آن از نظر برخی از ترکیبات فیتوشیمیایی زیست فعال، برخی از گونه های Chorisia طیف گسترده ای از اثرات مهم بیولوژیکی را نشان داده اند. بر این اساس، در مطالعه حاضر، به مقایسه پتانسیل آنتی اکسیدانی و اثرات آن بر آدیپوژنز در دو گونهChorisia chodatii و Chorisia speciosa بر اساس مقدار ترکیبات فنولی موجود در آنها پرداخته شده است. روش تحقیق: کل ترکیبات فنلی و پتانسیل مهار رادیکالهای آزاد در عصاره الکلی برگ، گل، میوه و دانه در دو گونه ذکر شده، و فراکشنهای اصلی در عصاره برگ و گل، به ترتیب با استفاده از روش فولین سیوکالتیو و DPPH مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. به علاوه تاثیر آنها بر آدیپوژنز در مدل سیستمهای آدیپوسیتهای 3T3-L1 مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت و بررسی ترکیبات مختلف فیتوشیمیایی آن نیز در نظر گرفته شد. نتایج و بحث: کل عصاره اتانولی همراه با فراکشن های به دست آمده از قسمتهای مختلف در هر دو گونه، باعث القای تمایز وابسته به غلظت در آدیپوسیتهای 3T3-L1 شد ولی در کمترین غلظت (µg/ml 10-5) باعث کاهش قابل توجه در اندازه ذرات چربی شد. به علاوه این عصاره ها تاثیرات قوی بر مهار رادیکالهای آزاد از خود نشان دادند. فراکشن های به دست آمده از بخشهای مختلف گیاه با استفاده از اتیل استات، آب و کلروفرم به ترتیب بیشترین تاثیر بر آدیپوژنز، مهار رادیکالهای آزاد و بیشترین مقدار ترکیبات فنلی را نشان دادند. توصیه های کاربردی/ صنعتی: نتایج به دست آمده در مجموع نشان داد که تاثیر هر دو گونه Chorisia بر آدیپوژنز و رادیکالهای آزاد ناشی از میزان قابل توجه فلاونوئیدها و ترکیبات فنلی در آنها است. به علاوه نتایج حاکی از ارزش بالقوه این دو گونه در پیشگیری از اختلالات مرتبط با چاقی و بیماریهای مرتبط با رادیکال های آزاد است. مطالعات بیشتر برای بررسی اساس مولکولی تاثیر آنها بر آدیپوژنز همراه با آنالیزهای فیتوشیمیایی دقیق به خصوص در عصاره های غنی از فلاونوئیدها و ترکیبات قطبی پیشنهاد می شود. Manuscript profile -
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50 - اثر عصاره هیدروالکلی دانه شنبلیله (Trigonella foenum- graceum L) بر فیزیولوژی تولید مثل جنس ماده Balb/c
مهرداد مدرسی بهناز مهدیانمقدمه و هدف: شنبلیله گیاهی از خانواده باقلا (‏Fabaceae‏) است که دارای مصارف طبی متعدد میباشد. هدف از این مطالعه تأثیر عصاره ‏هیدروالکلی دانه شنبلیله بر دستگاه تولید مثل موش کوچک ماده ‏Balb/c‏ می باشد.‏ روش تحقیق: به این منظور موشها به 5 گروه 10 Moreمقدمه و هدف: شنبلیله گیاهی از خانواده باقلا (‏Fabaceae‏) است که دارای مصارف طبی متعدد میباشد. هدف از این مطالعه تأثیر عصاره ‏هیدروالکلی دانه شنبلیله بر دستگاه تولید مثل موش کوچک ماده ‏Balb/c‏ می باشد.‏ روش تحقیق: به این منظور موشها به 5 گروه 10 تایی در قالب گروههای کنترل، شاهد و سه گروه تجربی تقسیم شده و جهت آغاز تجربیات ‏هم سیکل گردیدند. گروه کنترل هیچ دارویی دریافت نکرد، در حالی که گروه شاهد سرم فیزیولوژیک دریافت نموده و به ‏گروههای تجربی عصاره با مقادیر 50، 100 و 200 ‏mg/kg‏ به صورت درون صفاتی و یک روز در میان به مدت 20 روز تزریق ‏شد. پس از پایان تزریق از تمام گروهها خونگیری به عمل آمد. سنجش هورمونی، شامل ‏FSH، ‏LH، استرادیول و پروژسترون ‏توسط روش ‏RIA‏ انجام شد. نتایج با استفاده از تجزیه واریانس یک طرفه و آزمون دانکن به کمک نرم افزار ‏ SPSS 11.5 ‏ارزیابی شد. از تخمدانها مقاطع بافتی تهیه شده و توسط میکروسکوپ نوری مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. ‏ نتایج و بحث: دادهها در این مطالعه، کاهش معنیدار در سطح ‏FSH‏ و ‏LH‏ هم­چنین افزایش معنیدار در سطح استرادیول را در تمام ‏گروههای تجربی نشان داد، در حالی که سطح پروژسترون فقط در گروه تجربی دو افزایش یافت. نتایج حاصل از مطالعات ‏بافتشناسی تخمدان کاهش معنیدار میزان فولیکولوژنز را در هر سه گروه تجربی نشان داد. هم چنین افزایش تعداد جسم زرد ‏در گروه تجربی 100 معنیدار بود. علاوه بر این تخریب بافت تخمدان در گروه تجربی 200 مشاهده شد.‏ با توجه به نتایج به دست آمده، عصاره دانه شنبلیله باعث توقف روند فولیکولوژنز و در دوزهای بالا سبب تخریب ‏بافت تخمدان شده که نشاندهنده اثر ضدباروری در موش ماده است.‏ توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: نظر به افزایش توجه عمومی به کاربرد گیاهان دارویی در طب سنتی و نتایج حاصل از کاربرد شنبلیله در فیزیولوژی جنس ماده ، این گیاه می تواند به عنوان دارویی کاربردی مورد استفاده قرار بگیرد. Manuscript profile -
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51 - The Effect of Cinnamon Extract on Spermatogenesis Hormonal Axis of Pituitary Gonad in Mice
H. Hemayatkhah Jahromi K. Parivar M. Forozanfar -
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52 - Retinoic Acid Determines the Fate of Spermatogonia
A. Yilmaz A. Ozdal Gokdal -
Open Access Article
53 - In vivo Testis Transfection Efficiently Produced Transfected Sperm Cells in Ram but not Rooster
A. Ebnali A. Dehghani Poudeh A. Pirestani M. Forouzanfar S. Eghbalsaied -
Open Access Article
54 - The effect of different hormone combinations on direct and indirect somatic embryogenesis in Agave americana
Maryam Nazir Shahab Sadat Mehdi Soltani Howyzeh -
Open Access Article
55 - القای کالوس و باززایی دو گونه داوودی (Chrysanthemum morifolium و C. coccineum) از طریق اندامزایی مستقیم و غیر مستقیم و تحلیل پایداری ژنتیکی آنها با استفاده از نشانگرهای مولکولی IRAP، ISSR و SCoT
Fardin Nasri Hedayat Zakizadeh Yavar Vafaee Ali Akbar Mozafariدر این تحقیق، تکثیر درون شیشه­ای داوودی گونه C. morifolium ارقام ’هما‘ و ’دلکش‘ و گونه بومی (C. coccineum) از طریق اندام زایی مستقیم، غیر مستقیم و جنین زایی غیرجنسی گزارش شده است. BAP در غلظت­های صفر، 1، 2 و 3 میلی­گرم در لیتر و NAA د Moreدر این تحقیق، تکثیر درون شیشه­ای داوودی گونه C. morifolium ارقام ’هما‘ و ’دلکش‘ و گونه بومی (C. coccineum) از طریق اندام زایی مستقیم، غیر مستقیم و جنین زایی غیرجنسی گزارش شده است. BAP در غلظت­های صفر، 1، 2 و 3 میلی­گرم در لیتر و NAA در غلظت­های صفر، 05/0، 1/0 و 2/0 میلی­گرم در لیتر جهت القای اندام­زایی مستقیم و غیر مستقیم در ریزنمونه­های نوک شاخه­های انتهایی استفاده شد. جهت مطالعه القای کالوس و جنین زایی غیرجنسی، ریزنمونه­های جوان برگ بر روی محیط کشت MS حاوی BAP (صفر، 1، 2 و 3 میلی­گرم در لیتر) و 2و4-دی (صفر، 1، 2 و 3 میلی­گرم در لیتر) کشت شدند. باززایی مستقیم شاخه از ریزنمونه­های نوک شاخه­های انتهایی ارقام ’هما‘ و ’دلکش‘ و همچنین در گونه بومی C. coccineum مشاهده شد. بالاترین تعداد شاخه­ها از طریق اندام­زایی مستقیم (78/13 و 89/8 شاخه در هر ریزنمونه به ترتیب برای C. coccineumو ’هما‘) با 2 میلی گرم در لیتر BAP و 05/0 میلی­گرم در لیتر NAA مشاهده شد. در هر دو گونه، بالاترین فراوانی تشکیل کالوس و جنین­زایی روی محیط کشت حاوی 2 میلی­گرم در لیتر 2و4-دی و 2 میلی­گرم در لیتر BAP بدست آمد. پایداری ژنتیکی 10 گیاه سازگار یافته حاصل از اندام­زایی مستقیم از هر گونه با استفاده از6 پرایمر از نشانگرهای مولکولی (IRAP, ISSR, SCoT) به اثبات رسید. در کل 56، 56 و 39 قطعه برای IRAP، ISSR و SCoT به­ترتیب تکثیر شدند. در کل، نتایج ما نشان داد که یافتن عکس­العمل بهتر ریزنمونه­ها به جنین­زایی یا اندام­زایی در یک رقم ویژه و با یک ترکیب هورمونی و غلظت­های آن­ها نقش مهمی را در کارآیی تکثیر درون شیشه­ای گونه­های داوودی، بازی می­کند. Manuscript profile -
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56 - القاء جهش در گل داوودی شاخه بریده با استفاده از روش پرتوتابی گاما
محمدرضا شفیعی عبدالله حاتم زاده پژمان آزادی حبیب الله سمیع زادهداوودی یکی از انواع گیاهان زینتی است که به صورت بسیار گستردهای در سطح جهان کشت میشود. این گل به لحاظ تنوع بالای رنگ و شکل دومین گل شاخه بریده و گلدانی در دنیا به شمار میآید. ایجاد موتاسیون روشی مهم برای تولید ارقام جدید است و ارقام بسیاری از طریق جهشهای خودبهخودی Moreداوودی یکی از انواع گیاهان زینتی است که به صورت بسیار گستردهای در سطح جهان کشت میشود. این گل به لحاظ تنوع بالای رنگ و شکل دومین گل شاخه بریده و گلدانی در دنیا به شمار میآید. ایجاد موتاسیون روشی مهم برای تولید ارقام جدید است و ارقام بسیاری از طریق جهشهای خودبهخودی و القاء شده تولید شده است. در این پژوهش ریزنمونهی قطعات برگی از سه رقم مهم داوودی با دوزهای مختلف اشعهی گاما مورد پرتوتابی قرار گرفتند. این آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی در 3 تکرار اجرا شد. بررسی نتایج نشان داد که دوز مناسب پرتو گاما، برای ایجاد جهش در ارقام مورد استفاده در این آزمایش 25 گری است. نتایج بدست آمده نشان داد که دوز 25 گری در رقم بنفش بیشترین تغییر رنگ گلبرگها با نرخ جهش 54/26 درصد را ایجاد کرد. در این بین بیشترین تعداد رنگ جدید متعلق به گروه بنفش کمرنگ بود. همچنین در رقم صورتی خالدار نیز بیشترین تعداد گلهای تغییر رنگ یافته با مقدار تغییر 11/32 درصد در تیمار 25 گری مشاهد شد. بر اساس نتایج بدست آمده در این پژوهش چهار رقم جدید برای ارائه به صنعت گل ایران به عنوان رقم جدید معرفی خواهد شد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - نقش اشعۀ ماوراء بنفش اضافه شده به سیستم نوری دیودهای نورافشان (LED) در تنظیم رشد بنفشۀ آفریقایی (Saintpaulia ionantha Wendl)
بهناز اکبریان منصور مطلوبی علیرضا مطلوبی آذر محمد رضا دادپوراز دیودهای نورافشان (LEDs) برای بهبود کیفیت گیاه مطابق با معیارهای بازارپسندی می توان استفاده نمود. در این مطالعه، ما اثرات نور قرمز، آبی و ماوراءبنفش را بر کیفیت گیاه و پیش بینی گلدهی بنفشه آفریقایی (Saintpaulia ionantha Wendl) بررسی نموده ایم. برای این منظور آزمایشی د Moreاز دیودهای نورافشان (LEDs) برای بهبود کیفیت گیاه مطابق با معیارهای بازارپسندی می توان استفاده نمود. در این مطالعه، ما اثرات نور قرمز، آبی و ماوراءبنفش را بر کیفیت گیاه و پیش بینی گلدهی بنفشه آفریقایی (Saintpaulia ionantha Wendl) بررسی نموده ایم. برای این منظور آزمایشی در اتاق رشد انجام شد: نوردهی تمام روز با سه نسبت نور قرمز:آبی (1:0، 0:1، 1:3) یا نور فلورسنت به مدت 14 ساعت در روز و همچنین نوردهی تکمیلی پایان روز ماوراءبنفش به مدت دوساعت در روز برای سه نسبت نور قرمز:آبی (1:0، 0:1 ،1:3) یا نور فلورسنت به مدت 14 ساعت در روز انجام شد. مقدار کمی از نور آبی برای ممانعت از رشد برگ غیرمعمولی و افزایش طول بیش از حد دمبرگ و کانوپی مورد نیاز بود. نور ماوراءبنفش با نسبت نور قرمز:آبی 1:3 منجر به افزایش شاخص کلروفیل، ضخامت برگ، حداکثر گلدهی در کمترین زمان و کاهش طول کانوپی گردید. به طور کلی، فاز رشد و گلدهی بنفشه آفریقایی تابع کیفیت نور می باشد که پیش بینی زمان گلدهی را در شرایط محیط کنترل شده مقدور می سازد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Some Useful Information about Micropropagation
Behzad KavianiThis review article investigates a comprehensive description of the factors, methods, strategies, approaches and prerequisites influencing in vitro micropaopagation and the amount of their use across the world. The findings presented here are the results of the study of MoreThis review article investigates a comprehensive description of the factors, methods, strategies, approaches and prerequisites influencing in vitro micropaopagation and the amount of their use across the world. The findings presented here are the results of the study of several hundred papers published all over the world. Tissue culture techniques are routinely used for micropropagation. Enhancement of efficiency and efficacy of plant regeneration are primary goals of micropropagation. In this article, maximum and minimum use of some basic issues concerned with plant tissue culture in vitro especially micropropagation such as types of explants, types of culture media, types of sterilizing agent for explants, types of plant growth regulators (PGRs) for general studies of miro-propagation, shoot and root induction, somatic embryogenesis (SE) and callus induction have been considered. Maximal application for explants, culture media and sterilizing agent are single node, Murashige and Skoog (MS) and sodium hypochlorite (NAClO), respectively. BA and NAA are the most application among cytokinins (CKs) and auxins for general studies of miroprop-agation. Among all PGRs used for general studies of miropropagation, NAA is on the top. BA and IBA are the most use among CKs and auxins for shooting and rooting of explants, respectively. 2,4-D, NAA and TDZ are used more than the other PGRs for induction of SE. Among all types of auxins and CKs used as singular or in combination with them for callus induction, 2,4-D is at the top level. Combination of BA and NAA is the maximum for general studies of miropropagation. This review article can help to the future studies on micro-propagation due to the correct selection of the treatments Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Matthiola incana Micropropagation Using Shoot Tips and Callus Induction Derived from Lamina Explants and Rooting Capacity from Callus
A. Ahmadi Hesar B. Kaviani D. Hashemabadi A.R. Tarang S. Bohlooli Zanjani M. H. AnsariTissue culture is an attractive alternative for plant propagation. Micropropagation is a technique to ensure a constant and uniform source of ornamental plants. Matthiola incana is an important ornamental species mainly cultivate by seed. Matthiola incana seeds were ger MoreTissue culture is an attractive alternative for plant propagation. Micropropagation is a technique to ensure a constant and uniform source of ornamental plants. Matthiola incana is an important ornamental species mainly cultivate by seed. Matthiola incana seeds were germinated on solid MS medium without plant growth regulators. Shoot proliferation and root formation are possible using kinetin (Kn) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Shoot tips and leaf micro-cuttings derived from in vitro germinated seedlings were subcultured on solid MS medium containing Kn (0, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg l-1) and NAA (0, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg l-1) for shoot tips explants and Kn (0, 0.5 and 1 mg l-1) and NAA (0, 0.5 and 1 mg l-1) for leaf explants. Shoot tips media supplemented with 2 mg l-1 Kn without NAA and 2 mg l-1 NAA without Kn resulted in the best shoot length (1.20 cm) and root number (1.90), respectively. The callus was induced from most leaf media after four weeks of culture. MS mediums containing 0.5 mg l-1 Kn and 0.5 mg l-1. The largest number (1.94) and the highest length (16.60 mm) of roots were obtained in MS medium supplemented with 1 mg l-1 Kn+0.5 mg l-1 NAA. NAA prevented root formation originated from callus with concentration of 1 mg l-1+0.5 and 1 mg l-1 Kn. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Effect of propolis Alcoholic Extract on Oogenesis In NMRI mice in vivo
samaneh tohidi kazem parivarIntroduction:antioxidants prevent the occurrence of unwanted factors in the female reproductive system by absorbing free radicals in damaged cells which may cause damage to the cell's enzymes and DNA changes and infertility.Propolis is a resinous substance collected by MoreIntroduction:antioxidants prevent the occurrence of unwanted factors in the female reproductive system by absorbing free radicals in damaged cells which may cause damage to the cell's enzymes and DNA changes and infertility.Propolis is a resinous substance collected by honeybees from some plant sources to disinfect the hive's environment.The propolis is rich in antioxidants. Given that the infertility rate due to the production of oxidative esters has increased dramatically in recent decades, and on the other hand, propolis acts as an antioxidant. Method:There are five mouse groups in this study:Control group (Without receiving alcoholic extract of propolis), Sham group (receiving 1 cc distilled water for 30 days), experimental groups 1, 2 and 3 (Under the influence of concentrations of 0.75, 0.57 and 0.18 mg / ml of alcoholic extract of propolis, 1 cc for 30 days). All mice were autopsied after gavage completion and their uterus and ovaries were isolated and for final examinations were prepared for microscopic study after taking the necessary steps. Results: Propolis being a strong antioxidant, increased the number of all follicles except the atritic follicles and hence uterine layers of the endometrium and primetriumwere increased and the myometrial layer decreased. Conclusion:Gavage of propolis alcoholic significantly is effective on ovary follicls and uterus tissue Keywords: Alcoholic extract of propolis, Oogenesis, Uterus, Ovary Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Investigation the structure of vegetative organs and development of reproductive organs of Haussknechtia elymaitica Boiss.
Mehdi Zarini Ahmad Majd Golnaz Tajadod Sedigheh Mehrabian Sayeh Jafari MarandiHaussknechtia elymaitica Boiss. belongs to Apiaceae family.Considering the importance of recognizing the developmental stages in the development of biology knowledge Haussknechtia elymaitica Which is a rare and endemic species of Iran, was selected for this research. Th MoreHaussknechtia elymaitica Boiss. belongs to Apiaceae family.Considering the importance of recognizing the developmental stages in the development of biology knowledge Haussknechtia elymaitica Which is a rare and endemic species of Iran, was selected for this research. The samples of vegetative and reproductive organs at different stages of development were gathered and investigated by cell-histology methods. The investigation of the anatomical structure of vegetative organs showed that the secretory cavity are arranged between the parenchymal tissues of the leaf. Section of flower buds revealed that anthers had 4 pollen sacs, the division of pollen mother cell was of the simultaneous type, microspore tetrads were of tetragonal type and the tapetum layer was secretory. The ovary was found to be two chambered and two-carpeled; the ovule to be anatropous and to have one membrane. In embryogenic investigationit was found that the embryos were globular, cordate, cotyledonary and torpedo-shaped and the transition between globular embryos to cordate embryos was found. The vegetative organs were observed to have the general structure of dicotyledons. The development patterns of ovule and embryo sac follow the Polygonum type. Tetrahedral, Tetragonal and Liner microspore tetrads were observed. All stages of embryogenesis were covered in this study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Synergic effects of scopoletine and green synthesized silver nanoparticles on Angiogenesis of Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane (CAM)
Parisa zamani esmati Javad Baharara Alireza Iranbakhsh Tayebeh RamezaniBackground: Today, anti-angiogenesis properties of plants products are considered by researchers. Since the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are green synthesized and scopoletine, have anti-angiogenesis properties. In the present study, the use of these two substances has b MoreBackground: Today, anti-angiogenesis properties of plants products are considered by researchers. Since the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are green synthesized and scopoletine, have anti-angiogenesis properties. In the present study, the use of these two substances has been investigated on the angiogenesis in the Chick Chorioalantoic Membrane. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, the fertilized eggs were divided, the control and experimental groups including silver nanoparticles treated with nanoparticles (50, 100 and 150 μg/ml), scopoletine (25, 50 and 100 μg/ml), synergistic group, 50μg ml silver nanoparticles and 25 μg/ml scopoletin. In 8th day incubation, treatment was done on gelatin sponge and in 12th day were photographed and the number and lengths of vessels around the sponges, crown rump (CR), fetal weight and blood vessels hemoglobin levels were recorded and compared with control. Data were analyzed by SPSS-16 software, one way ANOVA and Tukey test in significant level of P <0.05. Results: The results showed that dose dependent manner of silver nano particles and scopolotine reduced the number and length of blood vessels and decreased level of hemoglobin concentration in treatment groups. The use of Synergic 50 μg/ml nanoparticles and 25 μg/ml concentration of scopoletine, which did not affect on the angiogenesis process, showed a significant decrease in angiogenesis (P<0.05). Conclusion: The use of green synthesized silver nanoparticles and scopolinoth has been shown to enhance their anti-angiogenic effects and can be considered as an important study basis to identify effective therapeutic strategis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Study on pollen grain and ovule developmental properties in Salvia verticillata L. collected from different regions of Iran
maryam kameli Ahmad Majd Seyed Mohsen Hesamzadeh Hejazi Mehdi Mirza Taher NejadsattariIn botanical and taxonomical science embryological studies are specially important. In this research, developmental stages of pollen grains and ovules were studied in Salvia verticillata L of Lamiaceae family.The flower and buds in different developmental stages were re MoreIn botanical and taxonomical science embryological studies are specially important. In this research, developmental stages of pollen grains and ovules were studied in Salvia verticillata L of Lamiaceae family.The flower and buds in different developmental stages were removed, fixed in FAA, stored in70% ethanol, embedded in paraffin and sliced with a microtome. Staining was done with Hematoxilin and Eosin. The prepared slides from different developmental stages were studied carefully using a light microscope. On the basis of this research results, ovule was anatropous, bitegumic and tenuinucellate. The development of the embryo sac followed the mono-sporic, polygonum type. After the meiosis, megaspore tetrads had linear arrangement. First, embryo sac was very small, so that its nuclei were compressed linearly but in maturation progress, embryo sac sustained longitude growth considerably. The anther was bisporangia. In S. verticillata, the tapetum was plasmodial and secretory with tetra- nucleate and bi-nucleate cells. In species microspore tetrads were observed with tetrahedral and tetragonal arrangement. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - The effect of Dacarbazine on the development of ovarian follicles and sex hormones and Estradiol in NMRI mice
nasim HAYATI simin mohamadi gorji kazem parivar zeinab ghaffari farAfter cancer treatment occurs fertility problems and many birth defects, such as abortion, early delivery, low birth weight. Therefore, preserving fertility should be an integral part of improving the quality of life in survivors of cancer. Dacarbazine is an anti-cancer MoreAfter cancer treatment occurs fertility problems and many birth defects, such as abortion, early delivery, low birth weight. Therefore, preserving fertility should be an integral part of improving the quality of life in survivors of cancer. Dacarbazine is an anti-cancer chemotherapy drug and this study focuses on the effects of dacarbazine on oogenesis and sex hormones and estradiol in NMRI mice. 30 adult female mice NMRI were divided into 5 groups: control, sham, 1, 2 and 3 experimental groups received 10-day solvent and doses of 20, 30 and 40 mg / kg by intraperitoneal injection dacarbazine. For analysis sex hormones and estradiol was drawn blood from heart and ovarian tissue was removed from the body to investigate Oogenesis. The results of this research work show that Dacarbazine reduces the number of Graafian follicle and blood vessel in comparison with the control group and the number of atretic follicle in the experimental groups 1, 2 and 3 has a significant increase compared to the control group. Also, the levels of FSH, LH and estradiol hormones show a significant decrease with dose increase. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Investigation the effect of carboplatin on oogenesis and uterus changes in adult female NMRI mice strain
Sepideh Gholami Yarahmadi nasim HAYATI ROODBARI KAZEM PARIVAR Gholamhassan VaeziCancer is one of the most common diseases around the world. The most important therapies for cancer are chemotherapy that is performed by various medications. One of the common drugs in chemotherapy is “Carboplatin”. In this study, the effects of Carboplatin MoreCancer is one of the most common diseases around the world. The most important therapies for cancer are chemotherapy that is performed by various medications. One of the common drugs in chemotherapy is “Carboplatin”. In this study, the effects of Carboplatin on oogenesis and uterine changes in NMRI mouse strain have been investigated In vivo. In this study, 30 adult female mice were randomly divided into five groups: control, sham and three experimental groups. Experimental groups were injected Carboplatin with 0.36, 0.18, 0.09 mg/ml density for 28 days and all were injected subcutaneously. After describing the animals, the ovary and uterus were separated and subjected to histopathologic and stained by hematoxylin and eosin. Blood sampling was performed to study both estradiol and FSH. The results were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and SPSS software. By using Carboplatin,, the number of primordial, secondary, Graafian follicles, corpus lutea and blood vessels decreased and the number of atretic follicles increased. The diameter of ovary in experimental groups decreased, but there was no significant change in diameters of follicles. Uterine studies showed that, the uterine’ diameter and layers, and the diameter of lumen reduced. In addition, the number of uterine glands decreased. Also, the levels of FSH and estradiol decreased. Regarding to using Carboplatin, this drug by decrease in the number of primordial, secondary and Graafian follicles, increase in number of atretic follicles, and also disruption of the hormonal system, the probability of premature aging may increase and has a negative effect on fertility. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - -The effect of various growth regulator compounds on gynogenesis of Allium ampeloprasum Taree group in vitro
Mohammad Javad Shakouri Mohammad Reza Hassandokht Sepideh Kalateh Jari Kambiz Larijani Faezeh GhanatiPersian leek (Allium ampeloprasum) has a special place in Iraninan's food chain. Many accessions by different characteristics have been cultivated and adapted in different regions of Iran. In order to investigate the breeding of this vegetable, an experiment was conduct MorePersian leek (Allium ampeloprasum) has a special place in Iraninan's food chain. Many accessions by different characteristics have been cultivated and adapted in different regions of Iran. In order to investigate the breeding of this vegetable, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design in three replications. For this purpose, 7 accessions of Persian leeks were selected. Various growth regulator componds2, 4 D at 0, 2 and 4 mg/lit and BA with 0, 2 and 4 mg/l were used in culture medium. The treatments were done on unopened flowers' umbrella and embryogenesis, regeneration and callus percentages of micro samples and the number of haploid plants were measured. The results indicated that Shadegan accessions in culture medium including 4 mg/l BA and 2 mg/l D-4,2 had the highest Percentage of embryogenesis (12.81 %) and regeneration (12.6%). The highest percentage of callus (0.51%) and lowest percentage of callus (0.16%) have been observed in arak and shadegan accession, respectively. Out of 42525 flowers cultivated, 1001 embryo (2.35%), 972 regenerate (97.1%) and 946 plants (94.5%) have survived. Eventually, seven haploid plants were observed. The highest number of haploid was observed in culture medium with 4 mg /liters BA and 2 mg/liters 2.4.D. in Guilan accession. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - In Vitro Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Callogenesis and Suspension Culture Optimization of Portulaca oleracea L.
Manizheh JamshidiIn this research, the effect of type and concentration of BAP and 2,4-D plant growth regulators on callogenesis of hypocotyl and leaf explants of Portulaca oleracea in MS medium containing 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/L of 2,4-D and BAP and optimization of cell suspension culture wi MoreIn this research, the effect of type and concentration of BAP and 2,4-D plant growth regulators on callogenesis of hypocotyl and leaf explants of Portulaca oleracea in MS medium containing 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/L of 2,4-D and BAP and optimization of cell suspension culture with different plant growth regulators in MS medium containing 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/L 2,4-D, 0.5 and 1 mg/L BAP, 0.2 and 0.5 mg/L Kin each one containing 20 and 30 g/l sucrose concentration, were investigated. Based on the results, both of the samples had 100 percentage callus induction, but the function of hypocotyl callus was significantly higher than the leaf callus. MS culture media containing 2 mg/l BAP and 0.5 mg/l 2,4-D, 2 mg/l BAP and 1 mg/l 2,4-D, 1 mg/l BAP and 1 mg/l 2,4-D, 1 mg/l BAP and 0.5 mg/l 2,4-D, 0.5 mg/l BAP And 0.5 mg/l 2,4-D and 1 mg/l BAP and 2 mg/l 2,4-D, all containing 150 mg/l ascorbic acid in both explants have the highest yield (wet weight of callus). In the cell suspension culture, there was a significant difference between treatments with the plant growth regulators in terms of number of cells in per ml, SCV, PCV and treatment duration. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Investigation of anatomical structure ;floral development and embryogenesis of Cichorium endivia L.
parisa jounoobi Bita Bahonar Parissa BonyabadiIntroduction: Cichorium endivia is a plant belonging to the family Asteracea. This family with global high distribution, is one of the largest plant family. Since there is no study endive plant in Iran, the present study was to investigate the anatomy and evolution of t MoreIntroduction: Cichorium endivia is a plant belonging to the family Asteracea. This family with global high distribution, is one of the largest plant family. Since there is no study endive plant in Iran, the present study was to investigate the anatomy and evolution of this plant. Materials and methods: Cichorium endivia is located on the outskirts of Karaj were identified fields and in November 2013 were collected. The vegetative organs were fixed in alcohol-glycerin. This plant flowers in different developmental stages of tiny bud to full flower in the solution 70FAA fixed and were stained for microscopic study. Results: Cichorium endivia vegetative organs is a kind of dicotyledon. Cichorium endivia anther 4-locular, the tetragonal tetrad arrangement and tapetum at the beginning of anther development of secretory and in the end, is amoebic. Mature pollen grains are spherical and two nuclear. Egg development begins with the formation of egg Prymordium. Globular embryo, clubbing, torpedoes, heart and cotyledon were observed. Discussion and Conclusions: Evaluation of anatomical structures of vegetative and reproductive organs showed that the Endive have dicotyledons general features. Pollen grains is from type three-pore. Exine arrangements is acanthaceous type. Observed stages of embryogenesis, the factors is a similarity with the other dicotyledonous. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Assessing the amount of biomass and alkaloids content in tissue culture of H. arachnoideus Pojark. under the effect of variations in NAA and carbon resources
Mahdis Ebrahimzade Mehri MehrabiTherapeutic effects of Hyoscyamus genus are attributed to its obtained different tropan alkaloids. Regarding these rare medicinal herbal species, tissue culture is of almost importance, as, it is possible to obtain optimal volumes of suitable secondary metabolite- produ MoreTherapeutic effects of Hyoscyamus genus are attributed to its obtained different tropan alkaloids. Regarding these rare medicinal herbal species, tissue culture is of almost importance, as, it is possible to obtain optimal volumes of suitable secondary metabolite- producing-tissues with alteration in their culture media. Present study, H.arachnoideus Pojark, was investigated. Three types of explants (leaf, root, and hypocotyls) derived from seedlings, were cultured on Murashige and Skoog’s medium supplemented with 3% sucrose, 0.75% (w/v) agar. We investigated the effect of two types of carbon sources (sucrose and monitol) on Murashige and Skoog’s medium supplemented with 3% sucrose and 0.75% (w/v) agar in two explants types ( leaf and root) of H.arachnoideus with four concentration levels of auxin naphthalene acetic acid(0, 0.5, 1, 2 mg/l), in compare with Murashige and Skoog’s medium supplemented with 3% sucrose, 0.75% (w/v) agar as control, In order to determine callus biomass and total alkaloid content. Our findings revealed the bilateral role of sucrose both as nutrient source and osmotic regulator factor, and also showed the positive effect of sucrose on callus biomass and total alkaloid content. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - A Study on parasites of Clupeonella grimmi in Caspian Sea
H. Jeddy B. Mokhayer A. Khajeh RahimiDuring this survey from February until November 2011 in four seasons (winter, spring, summer, fall), 252 speciemen of Clupeonella grimmi were sampled from Caspian Sea’s Babolsar fishing ground, in each sampling 63 fishes were examined and four species of parasite MoreDuring this survey from February until November 2011 in four seasons (winter, spring, summer, fall), 252 speciemen of Clupeonella grimmi were sampled from Caspian Sea’s Babolsar fishing ground, in each sampling 63 fishes were examined and four species of parasite were isolated from them. Parasites found were: Larvae of Contracaecum sp. and Larvae of Anisakis sp., Bunocotyle cingulata and Pseudopentagrama symmetrica. In this survey the percentage of infection and intensity of infection of parasites found have been expressed in C. grimmi in the Caspian Sea. During one year percentages of the above mentioned parasities were: 1.6, 0.4, 26.2 and 36.9 respectively and during one year the parasitic intensity of infections were: 1.25, 1, 2.6, 10.3 respectively.P. symmetrica parasite showed high percentage of infection among other parasites and second was B. cingulata (both of the Trematoda are non-zoonusen).Contracaecum sp. and Anisakis sp. are Nematoda and zoonusen,in terms of percentage and intensity of infection, among other parasites in C. grimmi fish, they were in next rank. P. symmetrica and B. cingulata parasites were found in all four seasons of the year but Contracaecum was just found in summer and also Anisakis sp. was only fount in fall.Among seasons of the year, summer with 88.9 percent, showed most percentage and winter with 22.22 percent, showed least percentage of contamination to in C. grimmi.Most infection rate was found in the parasites of the gastrointestinal tract and after that the abdominal organs and the gonads (testis). Other organs of fish under survey such as: eyes, gill, skin, swim blader, kidney were healthy and free of parasitic contamination.In this survey, none of common protozoan parasites were found in fish, therefore according to the findings of the present study the parasites found in C. grimmi didn't severely damage the fishes health and probably only caused reduced growth and have little impact on decline in fish populations. But existence of parasites like Contracaecum sp. and Anisakis sp. inside the fish’s body, fish consumption must be with care in cooking and producing. Human feeding on fish infected with above mentioned parasites, can cause these parasites to grow in human body and can develop pathogenesis effects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - A study on effects of mutagenicity of muscle, cartilage and liver of Persian Gulf shark (Sphyrena lewini) , using the bacterium Salmonella thyphimurium
M. Emtiazjoo L. Salimi S. Samadi F. HayatiShark cartilage, liver and muscle may have an inhibitory effect on mutagenicity and accordingly there is a correlation between antimutagenesis and anticarcinogenesis. The use of antimutagens and anticarcinogens in everyday life is the most effective procedure to prevent MoreShark cartilage, liver and muscle may have an inhibitory effect on mutagenicity and accordingly there is a correlation between antimutagenesis and anticarcinogenesis. The use of antimutagens and anticarcinogens in everyday life is the most effective procedure to preventing human cancer and genetic diseases. In this research, we studied the effects of cartilage, muscle and liver extracts of family Sphyrnidae in Persian Gulf on antimutagenicity and antioxidant by Ames test, using Salmonella typhimurium strains in the second phase, especially in the presence and absence of liver microsomal fraction (S9). The number of revertant colonies was compared with negative and positive controls. The results showed that, percentage of antimutagenic and antioxidant effect of cartilage was around 90%. Cartilage extract showed stronger antimutagenic effect in comparison with muscle and liver extracts.Antimutagenic substances may prevent cancer because they can destroy mutagens both inside and outside body cells, and block mutagens that damage DNA and cause mutation in cells. These extracts exhibited an antimutagenic activity that could be beneficial in late as well as early stages of cancer development Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - Comparison of xanthan biopolymer production in mutant strains of Xanthomonas citri sub sp. citri by using cheese whey
Roya Moravej Mehrdad Azin Seyed Mehdi AlaviBackground & Objectives: Xanthan gum is produced by Xanthomonas bacteria. This gum is widely used in various industries. Random mutagenesis of xanthan-producing strains can increase xanthan production capacity several times. This study aimed to eva MoreBackground & Objectives: Xanthan gum is produced by Xanthomonas bacteria. This gum is widely used in various industries. Random mutagenesis of xanthan-producing strains can increase xanthan production capacity several times. This study aimed to evaluate Xanthomonas mutant strains with high xanthan production capacity.Materials & Methods: The native strain of Xanthomonas citri K37 was affected by nitrogenic acid mutagen and after initial screening, the mutant strains were selected based on the appearance and diameter of the colony formed on the c dye medium. Whey-based production medium was used to produce xanthan gum and then production indices such as beta-galactosidase activity, sugar consumption, production rate, and viscosity of xanthan gum were selected in selected mutant strains.Results: A total of 8 mutant strains were selected among all treated colonies. Two high-yielding strains named R3 and R8 and two low-yielding strains called M2 and M6 were selected to evaluate the activity of beta-galactosidase enzyme and glucose consumption. Strain R3 increased viscosity and amount of xanthan compared to wild strain equivalent to 200 cp and 2 g / l, respectively, and mutant M6 lost the ability to produce xanthan.Conclusion: From the native Xanthomonas citri K37 isolate, a new R3 strain was created during mutagenesis, which can be effective in low cost cheese whey as a xanthan-producing strain. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - Applications of iron oxide nanoparticles in microbiology and the effects on microorganisms
Alireza Ebrahiminezhad Aydin Berenjian Seyyed Amin Kohpayeh Yones GhasemiA broad application of nanostructures in various fields of science has led to their commercialization in different industries. For instance, application of the antimicrobial activity of nanosilver is one of the consequences of such these strategies. Furthermore, iron ox MoreA broad application of nanostructures in various fields of science has led to their commercialization in different industries. For instance, application of the antimicrobial activity of nanosilver is one of the consequences of such these strategies. Furthermore, iron oxide nanoparticles is currently employed in microbial cell fixation. In addition, nanoparticles can be used for effective targeted drug delivery to the site of infection. In this term, study on the effect of iron oxide nanoparticles on the physiology of microorganisms is highly demanded. At low concentrations, since iron oxide nanoparticles can act as iron source of microorganisms, they may be eliminated from microbial environment. However, higher concentrations of these particles can result in cell stress and reduction in microbial cell growth. These nanoparticles attach to the microbial cell wall via electrostatic and hydrophobic forces, reducing microbial pathogenicity. The attachment of iron oxide nanoparticles to bacterial cell wall interferes in functionality of cell membrane and thereby increase membranes permeability. These phenomenon increases molecular transportation through the cell membrane and increases productivity in industrial process. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Isolation of β-1 and 3-Gloconase from Medicago truncatula, exspress them in E.coli BL21 and investigation of their fungicide
N. Nabavi B. Najmi M. RasooliPathogenesis related proteins are compounds that produced by response to pathogens or environmental stress. Up to now numerous kind of β-1 and 3-Glucanase are identified in various plants and thein fungicide effect were tested. The aim of this research was isolatio MorePathogenesis related proteins are compounds that produced by response to pathogens or environmental stress. Up to now numerous kind of β-1 and 3-Glucanase are identified in various plants and thein fungicide effect were tested. The aim of this research was isolation, over-expression and analysis of physiological activities of β-1 and 3-Glucanase (PR-2) from Medicago truncatula. In this case by Medicago sativa and Pisum sativum β-1 and 3-Glucanase gene alignment on Medicago truncatula genome three open reading frame with %50 similarity by having start and stop codon were identified and isolated that fragments were cloned in PET21c vector and expressed in E.coli BL21. SDS PAGE technique reveal that proteins were produce as an inclusion bodies. We also test their fungicide effect after folding them to achieve their natural structure on Alternaria alternaria and Fusarium graminearum. The result were significant ( P< 0.05) by SAS system analysis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Regulation of Potato Morphogenetic Processes in vitro by Hormonal and Light Actions
Kuanysh Syman Rauza Turpanova Raissa Utegaliyeva Nazym Bekenova Demeuova Lyazat -
Open Access Article
76 - Luteolin Co-treatment abates Polystyrene Microplastics (PS-MPs) Induced Spermatotoxicity and Dysgonadogenesis in Rats Via up-regulation of Gonadotropin, Enhanced Spermatogenesis, Downregulation of Caspases, and Oxido-inflammation
Oyovwi Mega Obukohwo Ohwin Peggy EjiroPolystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) pose a significant scientific concern due to their chemical makeup. Luteolin (LUT), a phytochemical-biological substance with anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, was tested against polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs)-induce MorePolystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) pose a significant scientific concern due to their chemical makeup. Luteolin (LUT), a phytochemical-biological substance with anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, was tested against polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs)-induced reproductive toxicity in male Wistar rats. The rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups and treated as follows: Group I received 0.01 mL kg-1 of DMSO alone, Group II received 100 mg kg-1 of LUT dissolved in DMSO, Group III received 0.01 mg kg-1 of PS-MPs, and Group IV received 0.01 mg kg-1 of PS-MPs and 100 mg kg-1 of LUT. PS-MPs alone dramatically increased sperm morphological defects, xanthine oxidase, and lipid peroxidation while decreasing testicular enzymes, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone, antioxidants, and interleukin-10 (IL-10). The study demonstrates that PS-MPs can alter male rat testicular function and androgenicity. However, as a result of LUT co-treatment, sperm count, motility, and viability were increased whereas MDA and XO, IL-1β and TNF-α, and caspase-3 activities in the testis were reduced. Supplementing with LUT might act as a cytoprotective agent to lessen the spermatotoxicity and dysgonadogenesis brought on by PS-MPs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - An Overview of Angiogenesis and Chemical and Physiological Angiogenic Factors: Short Review
Mehrnoosh Sedighi Mehrdad Namdari Payam Mahmoudi Afshin Khani Aliasghar Manouchehri Milad Anvari -
Open Access Article
78 - Measurement of Effective Dose to Head and Neck Critical Organs in Computed Tomography
Amir Hosein Goodarzi Mastaneh Sanei Hadi Hasanzadeh Zohreh Khosravi Ahmad Bitarafan-Rajabi Alireza Emadi -
Open Access Article
79 - Histogenesis Study of Metanephros Kidney in Goat Fetus
سید سجاد حجازیThe aim ofthis study was to investigate the differentiation of nephron and other structures of metanephric kidney in goat fetuses. The study was descriptive which was conducted in 2013 at the Islamic Azad University of Tabriz. The approximate age of the embryos was dete MoreThe aim ofthis study was to investigate the differentiation of nephron and other structures of metanephric kidney in goat fetuses. The study was descriptive which was conducted in 2013 at the Islamic Azad University of Tabriz. The approximate age of the embryos was determined based on the formula presented by Gal et al (1994) in order to estimate the age of the goat fetus. Taking into account the age of the fetus, they were divided into 4 groups of 25 fetuses in each. The first, second, third, and fourth groups were on 38-60, 61-90, 91-120, and 121-150 days of pregnancy, respectively. The kidneys of the fetus were isolated following autopsy of the baby's abdominal cavity in order to examine the metanephros tissue differentiation. Isolated samples were placed in 10% buffered formalin solution. They were examined under the optical microscope after the preparing of tissue sections. Data analysis among the groups was conducted using ANOVA and Tukey's multiple comparison tests as well as SPSS 10 software. According to the results there was a significant difference between the four groups since 30-days old until birth in terms of the mean length (p Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Effect of Tamoxifen on Oogenesis of the Female Wistar Rats
زهرا کشتمند شهربانو عریان کاظم پریورTamoxifen is a nonsteroidalantiestrogen which is prescribed for treatment of breast cancer. Some negative effects of this drug on the reproductive system have been observed.The major aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Tamoxifen on the oogenesis in female MoreTamoxifen is a nonsteroidalantiestrogen which is prescribed for treatment of breast cancer. Some negative effects of this drug on the reproductive system have been observed.The major aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Tamoxifen on the oogenesis in female Wistar rats. Three group of rats (250 gr range ) gavaged with Tamoxifen doses of 200, 400 and 600 andmicro;g/kg B.W(exp.1, exp.2, exp.3 ) dissolved in solvent [ethanol 60 % and physiological solution] for 30 days. The sham group was gavaged with solvent and control did not receive solvent or drug. On days 1and 30 after the end of treatment, sections of ovary stained with Handamp;E method and were observed histologically. Results of the observation were analyzed by the one-way ANOVA, Tukey test and using SPSS software determined andplusmn;SEthe means Result were termed significant if Pandle;0.05. In the first sampling number of primordial follicle, secondary follicle ,graafian follicle and corpus luteum were decreased significantly in experimental groups which received Tamoxifen compared with control group [pandlt;0.001]. In the second sampling, number of primordial follicle secondary follicle, graafian follicle and corpus luteum increased compared with first sampling. The numbers of offsprings in experimental groups were less than control litters.These findings suggest thatTamoxifen decreases the fertilization ability and has negative effects on the oogenesis in female Wistar rats. Some of negative effects of Tamoxifen on reproduction ability, is abolished with time elapsed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - The Effect of Ginger Extract (Zingiber officinal) on Spermatogenesis and Hormonal Axis of Pituitary- gonad in Mature Mice
فاطمه رحمانیان وحید حمایت خواه جهرمی امیراشکان مهجور حسین کارگرGinger is one of the most valuable medical plants. It is a plant that contains most anti oxidant such as B, C and E vitamin. Also, this plant is effective in sexual ability. In this research, the effect of ginger extract has been investigated on hormonal axis of pituita MoreGinger is one of the most valuable medical plants. It is a plant that contains most anti oxidant such as B, C and E vitamin. Also, this plant is effective in sexual ability. In this research, the effect of ginger extract has been investigated on hormonal axis of pituitary-gonad and spermatogenesis in mature mice of Balb/C. The used animals were 28 male mice with approximate weight about 26 to 31 grams and with the age about 60 days. The samples randomly were divided in to 4 groups that are contained control and sham and two group treatment. Treatment animals, received 50 and 100 mg/kg of mentioned extracts respectively two weeks, intraperitoneally. During mentioned period, sham group received distilled water in intrapritoneally. Control group used of food and water during. The concentration of LH, FSH and testosterone hormones was measured. Also, the number of spermatogonia, spermatocyte, sperm, spermatid, Sertoli, and Leydig cells were calculated. The concentration of LH hormone serum levels showed significant decrease in treatment 2 and the concentration of FSH hormone also in each two treatment groups in comparison with control and sham groups. The concentration of LH hormone indicated significant increase (pandlt;=0/05) in treatment 1 and the concentration of testosterone hormone in treatment 1, 2 group in comparison with control and sham groups. Also results indicated that in spermatid, sperm and leydig cell have significant increase in treatment 1, 2 in comparison with control and sham groups. So, according to obtained results and according to increasing of the number of leydig cells and testosterone concentration it can conclude that ginger may cause sex cell proliferation in adult male mice. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - Interaction Between Fumaria parviflura Aqueous Extract and Cholorambocil on Spermatogenesis in Rats
مونا سوری میترا حیدری نصرآبادی عبدالحسین شیروی زه حبیبیIntroduction:Fumaria parviflura belongs to the Fumariacea family. Medicinal properties of Fumaria derived from green fork-like leaves and violet flowers that the antioxidant effects of these items has been recently noticed. Cholorambocil (CHL) is an effective substance MoreIntroduction:Fumaria parviflura belongs to the Fumariacea family. Medicinal properties of Fumaria derived from green fork-like leaves and violet flowers that the antioxidant effects of these items has been recently noticed. Cholorambocil (CHL) is an effective substance of the leukeran that is used against the human neoplasm disease. It is demonstrated that CHL in specific dosage has severe destructive effects on the testis tissue.The aim of this study is to investigate the effect site of CHL in testis tissue and protective role of the Fumaria aqueous extract, against .Materials and Methods:Wistar male rats divided into 3 groups: control, control2 , experimental 1,2,3,4 (n=7). The control group received distilled water, the c0ntrol2 group received distilled 10 mg/kg w.b. CHL , the experimental groups1, received distilled 150 mg/kg w.b Fumaria aqueos extract and the experimental groups 2,3,4 received 150,250,350 mg/kg w.b CHL and 150, 250 ,350 mg/kg w.bFumaria aqueous extract and 10mg/kg.wb CHL through oral gavage respectively. After 15 days rats were anesthesized and blood test performed. Rats sacrificed and the Testis were removed. the volume and weight of the testis were measured and the tissues were fixed. The preparation of Tissue sectioning accomplished by Handamp;E staining.Sertoli and spermatogenic cells counted with light microscopeResults and Discussion:Statistical analyzes showed that CHL has significantly reduced cell groups specially primary spermatocyte and Fumaria aqueous extract has significantly restrained this effect Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - Effect of Resveratrol on Testicular Damage in Streptozotocine-induced Diabetic Rats
آزاده شریف خطیبی عبدالحسین شیروی حمید کلالیان مقدمDiabetes disease produces free radicals and oxidative stress serves plays an important role in creating many of behavioral variations metabolic damage played, leading to testicular damage This study have shown resveratrol due to having antioxidant and anti apoptosis pro MoreDiabetes disease produces free radicals and oxidative stress serves plays an important role in creating many of behavioral variations metabolic damage played, leading to testicular damage This study have shown resveratrol due to having antioxidant and anti apoptosis properties plays an important role to prevent and care of oxidative stresses therefore, this research investigates through beneficial effects of resveratrol on testicular damages in diabetic male rats induced by streptozotocin. In the current study 32 of male Wister rats, weight range of 250 g to 280 g were selected and divided into 4 groups: 1) Diabetic group, 2) Diabetic group + resveratrol treat, 3) Control group and 4) Control group + resveratrol treat. Diabetes was induced by stz injection (55 mg/kg). Resveratrol was injected at the dose 10 mg/kg for 4 week. In the fourth week, testicular damages were studied using hematoxylin and eosin staining. In the resveratrol treated group morphologic changes made by diabetic is dramatically decreased. On the other hand deteriorative cells are significantly increased the diameter are decreased the first study showed that talking resveratrol, testicular damage in diabetic rats significantly reduced. Ability of resveratrol to treat preventable and oxidative stress plays role in improving the testicular damage, resveratrol can decreased weight and glucose. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - The Evaluation of the Interference effect of Fumaria parviflora Ethanolic Extract and Medicine Chlorambucil on the Spermatogenesis of Male Wistar Rat
زهرا حبیبی میترا حیدری نصر آبادی عبدالحسین شیروی مونا سوریThis study the effects of ethanolic extract of Fumaria with the scientific name of Fumaria parviflora that belongs to the family of Fumariacea as an anti-oxidan and interference of it with chlorambucil in testis tissue is considered. The aim of this study is to investig MoreThis study the effects of ethanolic extract of Fumaria with the scientific name of Fumaria parviflora that belongs to the family of Fumariacea as an anti-oxidan and interference of it with chlorambucil in testis tissue is considered. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect site of chlorambucil in testis tissue and protective role of the Fumaria ethanolic extract, against male wistar rats is grouped in six, seven group(n=7). The witness 1 group was served with only liquid oil; the witness 2 group was served only with 10 mg/kg w.b. chlorambucil. The treatment 1 group 150mg/kg w.b Fumaria ethanolic extract, the treatment groups 2, 3, 4 were served with10 mg/kg w.b. chlorambucil and 150, 250, 350mg/kgw.b. Fumaria ethanolic extract respectively Chl via gavage. After 15 days the rats should be analysed and their testis were brought out and after the morphometry studies, they were studied histologically. Germinal epithelium is considered and the number of cells were counteddistinguish that chlorambucil in witness 2 group was very effective and the size of testis and the number of sperms were greatly decreased, but in treatment groups the changes were related to dosage of Fumaria ethanolic extract. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - Protective Effect of Curcumin on Hormones of Spermatogenesis and DNA Breaks in Rats Exposed to Gamma-radiation
زهرا حمزوی جهرمی سمانه ذوالقدری جهرمی وحید حمایت خواه جهرمیRadiation therapy is a stage of therapeutic in the management of tumors that causes normal cells damage. So compounds with name Radio protective drugs injected before of radiotherapy that reduce cell damages and death against ionizing radiation. Curcumin is an antioxida MoreRadiation therapy is a stage of therapeutic in the management of tumors that causes normal cells damage. So compounds with name Radio protective drugs injected before of radiotherapy that reduce cell damages and death against ionizing radiation. Curcumin is an antioxidant compound. The aim of this study is to investigate the possible protective effect of curcumin on Hormones of spermatogenesis and DNA strand break against Gamma-Radiation in rats. 70 adult male Wister rats randomly divided in to 10 groups including: control, sham, Experimental 1(treatment with maximum of cur cumin in amount of 100 mg/ml), Experimental 2 (treatment with medium of cur cumin in amount of 50 mg/ml), Experimental3(treatment with minimum of curcumin in amount of 25 mg/ml), Experimental 4 (treatment with curcumin + radiation in amount of maximum), Experimental 5 (treatment with curcumin+radiation in amount of medium), Experimental 6 (treatment with curcumin+radiation in amount of minimum), Experimental 7 (treatment with solvent+ radiation), Experimental 8 (exposure to irradiation). All of animals received for 15 days respectively as Intraperitonealinjection. Then the animals were euthanized and blood collection for FSH, LH and tesostrone hormones and extraction of DNA from bone marrow slides for molecular biology studies. ELISA hormone assay for measuring of hormones levels and agarose gel electrophesis with Ethidium Bromide-stained for separating of DNA breaks was used. Data were analyzed by SPSS 15 software and statistical tests including two-way ANOVA and Duncan test. This study showed that Gamma-radiation with dose of 2 Gy caused significantly decreased of plasma testosterone level and significantly increased of plasma LH, FSH hormones levels (pandlt; 0.05) and many breaks in DNA molecule in irradiation and solvent + radiation groups with control. So treatment with curcumin balances these adverse effects of Gamma-radiation on testis hormones of spermatogenesis and DNA molecule and leads toward normal position.These results suggest curcumin have an ameliorative effect on concentration of plasma hormones of spermatogenesis and DNA molecule breaks against Gamma-radiation Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - Stady of IP injection of "FoeniculumVulgare mill " seed aqua extract on Spermatogenesis and Histologic changes of Testis in male Wistar rats
طاهره رضایی آهوانویی عبدالحسین شیروی کیوان کرامتیIn recent years, different methods have been employed to prevent pregnancy with ultimate aim of controlling human population. Treatment of some disease by alternative medicine as opposed to the traditional medicine associated with unwanted side effects has been found he MoreIn recent years, different methods have been employed to prevent pregnancy with ultimate aim of controlling human population. Treatment of some disease by alternative medicine as opposed to the traditional medicine associated with unwanted side effects has been found helpful. Use of FoeniculumVulgare mill has been identified as tranquilizer, anti spasm, elimination of digestive difficulties and reduction of maleandrsquo;s sexual hormones. Therefore, this investigation was mainly conducted to measure the possible effect of this Herbaland#39;s extract on maleand#39;s hormones production.In this research, several rates were divided into four experimental groups and one control group. Experimental groups were injected with 35, 70, 140 and 280 mg/Kg of this herbal extract and the control group received only salin. The results showed that there is no meaningful differences between experimental groups and control group in testis weight , testis volum, epididim and vasadeferens duct weight and no differences was observed between experimental groups and control group in number of spermatogonia and spermatocyte. On the contrary , There is a decreas significantly in number of spermatid and sperm in experimental groups that had received 140 and 280 mg/ Kg doses . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - The study of oogenesis cycle of Grass Snake(Natrix natrix) in Mazandaran province
افشین فقیری عبدالحسین شیروی حاجی قلی کمیThe grass snake (Natrix natrix) is one of non venomous snakes of Colubridae family is founded in northern provinces of Iran. This research was conducted in order to study the reproductive cycle of grass snake (Natrix natrix) in Mazandaran province during year of 2007.Sa MoreThe grass snake (Natrix natrix) is one of non venomous snakes of Colubridae family is founded in northern provinces of Iran. This research was conducted in order to study the reproductive cycle of grass snake (Natrix natrix) in Mazandaran province during year of 2007.Sampling period was April to middle of November and 76 grass snake were gathered by hand and net from the Abandansar fish raising lake station, Zare forest Rice farms of Sari suburb and Tajan river. In order to study the oogenesis stages oviducts were extracted from the samples and probed by histological studies. The mean of female length was 694.59 mm. Results indicated that oogenesis commencement were in early June and ended in early August. The mean of eggandrsquo;s weight and volume was 5.816g and 29031.87mmandsup3; respectively. The results of studies on ovary show that the means of right and left ovum number in ovary were 11 and 9 respectively. The mean of number and volume of grown ovums was 4.12 and 6654.08mmandsup3; for right ovary and 3.87 and 7221.84 mmandsup3; for left one. The ovums weight mean of right and left ovary was 1.71 and 1.94g respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - The effect of (Anethum graveolens) seed alcoholic extract on spermatogenesis in male wistar rats
معصومه سلامت منش عبدالحسین شیروی میترا حیدری نصرآبادیAnethum graveolens(Dill) is a member of the Apiaceae family. As a folk remedy, dill seeds have been used to increase motherandrsquo;s milk production. While high doses of dill has been mentioned to weaken sexual and decreases spermatogenesis in males. In this study MoreAnethum graveolens(Dill) is a member of the Apiaceae family. As a folk remedy, dill seeds have been used to increase motherandrsquo;s milk production. While high doses of dill has been mentioned to weaken sexual and decreases spermatogenesis in males. In this study the effects of Anethum graveolens seeds alcoholic extracts on the reproductive system of adult male rats, was investigated. 24 Wistar rats, weighting 210-230 gr, divided into 3 groups of control, experimental 1 and experimental 2. Experimental groups were injected with 50 mg/rat and 100 mg/rat of alcoholic extracts of dill seeds for 16 days. The control group received normal saline for the same period. At the 16th day the reproductive organs were separated and weighted. Histological changes was studied in testes among experimental and control groups. The results were evaluated by using one way Anova and Tukey test. The results indicated significant decrease of weight and volume of testis. Histological studies showed significant effects such as decreased number of spermatogonium, spermatocyte and spermatid. Sperm number was decreased in group that received 50 mg/rat of A.g seed alcoholic extract. Seminiferous tubule diameter was decreased in experimental groups. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - The Effects of Malva sylvestris leaves on Sperm and Spermatogenesis of the C-57 Mice ر
زهرا نوحی زاده کاظم پریور نسیم حیاتی رودباریSeveral studies based on thousands of years of medicinal plant (Malva Sylvestris) is done. Species (Malvasilvestris L.), also known as panirak (Malvaceae), a special area is wet. In traditional medicine to treat cough, sore throat, stomach and used. The major components MoreSeveral studies based on thousands of years of medicinal plant (Malva Sylvestris) is done. Species (Malvasilvestris L.), also known as panirak (Malvaceae), a special area is wet. In traditional medicine to treat cough, sore throat, stomach and used. The major components of them are fatty acids, antioxidants, flavonoids, vitamins, and terpenes and minerals. Because the contents of various antioxidants in the sperm cytoplasm and the amount of antioxidants more in sperm there, spermatozoa against oxidative stress (OS) due to the high concentration of active derivatives of oxygen (ROS) and lipid peroxidation foundation (LPO) to protect it. This natural antioxidant capacity in infertile patients is very low. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of leaf extracts of Mallow in the sperm and spermatogenesis. In this study, 12 adult male rats race of c- 57 were selected. The mice weighing were approximately 30-35 g and divided to two groups of six. The mice were divided into two groups: the experimental group treated with hydro-alcoholic extracts of Mallow leaves, the concentration of 2000mg / kg and the control group receiving ionized water. Gavage for 14 days with oral gavage needle was given. On the fifteenth day the rats were dissected and testes were collected and then processed pathology was examined. The results showed that the morphology of the cells changed and the number of primary spermatocytes and sperm cells (P ر Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - The Study of Ovarian Cycle of the Caspian Green Lizard in Mazandaran Province
سید محمد کشاورز ویدا حجتی رضا بهنیافرCaspian green lizard belongs to the family Lacertidae is diurnal and the main habitat of this species in Iran is the Caspian coasts and northern provinces. This study was conducted from April to October 2013 in Mazandaran Province and 24 mature female were collected fro MoreCaspian green lizard belongs to the family Lacertidae is diurnal and the main habitat of this species in Iran is the Caspian coasts and northern provinces. This study was conducted from April to October 2013 in Mazandaran Province and 24 mature female were collected from three stations: Goharbaran, Abandankesh, Abandansar around Sari County in order to the study of oogenic cycle of this species by hand during mid-day. Specimens after transferring to the laboratory were anesthetized with chloroform and body and ovarian morphometric characters were measured. During the activity period, the ovaries of 24 adult female specimens were morphologically and histologically studied. The results show that females start their oogenesis and vitellogenesis in early April. The oogenic cycle consists of three stages: inactive, vitellogenic and oviductal egg. The maximal oogenesis was obseved from early May to early June and completely stopped in early to mid August. The ovaries are pair and vesicular, consist of average 11 follicles in each ovary. The follicular layer is polymorphic and multilayer. The oogenic cycle of this species is seasonal and associated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - Effect of Testosteroneand PMSG Hormones on Organ Culture of Immature Testis of NMRI Mice
ندا غلامی نسیم حیاتی رودباری کاظم پریور ویدا حجتیSpermatogenesis that including complicated and precise process of cell differentiation in mammals ,begins in early adulthood and continues throughout the life of reproduction , which resulted in dividing of fundamental cells , and result of dividing meiosis ,are haploi MoreSpermatogenesis that including complicated and precise process of cell differentiation in mammals ,begins in early adulthood and continues throughout the life of reproduction , which resulted in dividing of fundamental cells , and result of dividing meiosis ,are haploid spermatids that basically have been chenged in their testicular and epididym because of creating high performance sperm.All of stages of spermatogenesis occur simultaneously, as in pathological conditions, the smallest disruption can lead to infertility.Beginning in terms of survival and spermatogenesis by FSH and testosterone hormones are regulated. Some researchers believe that the testosteronehormone is the main hormone for regulating of spermiogenesis and FSH has a minor role. PMSG has the similar performance to FSH. in this project we will consider the effects of sex hormones PMSG and testosterone on testicular tissue and spermatogenesis. IN VITRO experiments was done in three different groups including a controlt and two experimental groups on the immature male mice that were NMRI descent and duration of tissue culture was considered 4weeks.after passing specified time and doing histology and microscopy studying, Results: the results indicated meaningful increase in number of spermatosist, spermatid, sperm and decrease in A spermatogonia Certoli cells. Conclusion:These results indicate that testicular tissue culture can be a useful experimental model for studying the regulatory mechanisms of proliferation of spermatogonia. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - The Study of the Oogenic Cycle in Some of Lizard Species of Iran
ویدا حجتی کاظم پریور اسکندر رستگارپویانیDespite a wide variety and distribution range of lizards in Iran, as yetno comprehensive work has been done on reproductive biology, especially oogenesis, of these animals in the area. Present research, study and review the oogenic cycle of some of lizards species belon MoreDespite a wide variety and distribution range of lizards in Iran, as yetno comprehensive work has been done on reproductive biology, especially oogenesis, of these animals in the area. Present research, study and review the oogenic cycle of some of lizards species belong to different families in Iran, including: Cyrtopodion caspiumbeloning to the family Gekkonidae; Trapelus agilis,Laudakia caucasia, Laudakia nuptaand Phrynocephalus scutellatusfrom the family Agamidae; some species of Eremias, Mesalina watsonana and Iranolacerta brandtiiof the family Lacertidae and the scincid lizrard, Trachylepis aurata. The diameters of ovaries, follicles, follicular layer, oviductal eggs, and time of emerge and number of mature follicles and oviductal eggs, and gonadal index were compared among the above representatives of these families. The results showed that all species except Trachylepis aurata, which is a viviparous taxon, are oviparous and females emerge in April. All reproductive activities including oogenesis, vitellogenesis and oviposition are done in spring and summer. By late October, as the weather is getting cold, usually they disappear and start the hibernation period. The oogenic cycle of the lizards of Iran like other lizards of temperate zones follow the associated model and duration of the reproductive period is seriously affected by climate of their habitats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - The Chemical Inhibitory Effect of G9a Enzyme on Decrease of Proliferative Potential and Increase of the Adipogenic Propensity of Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Hedyeh Khanban Esmaeil Fattahi Mahmoud TalkhabiMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have unique properteis such as immunomodulatory function, secretion of cell survival factors, and the potential of bone , cartilage, and fat differentiation. All of the cellular processes including differentiation, proliferation, aging, and MoreMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have unique properteis such as immunomodulatory function, secretion of cell survival factors, and the potential of bone , cartilage, and fat differentiation. All of the cellular processes including differentiation, proliferation, aging, and cell death are directly or indirectly regulated by epigenetic mechanisms such as histone methylation. G9a histone methyltransferase is one of the most important enzymes controlling cell behaviors. MSCs were isolated from rat bone marrow (BM-MSCs) and cultured in vitro. Bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) were treated with different doses of A366 (a specific G9a inhibtior) at the passages 1-3 of the primary culture. Then the proliferative capacity of BM-MSCs was analyzed using flowcytometry, assessment of the cell population doubling time, and studying the cell-cycle profile. The rate of adipogenic differentiation of A366-treated BM-MSCs was evaluated using oil red staining and fat gene expression analysis. Assessment of the PDT of BM-MSCs and cell-cycle profile showed that inhibition of G9a using low concentrations of A366 didn’t have any significant effect on BM-MSCs proliferative potential. However, the high doses of A366 increased the PDT and induced cell-cycle arrest. Moreover, A366 increased the adipogenic potential of BM-MSCs. Epigenetic regulators such as A366 that have been suggested for controlling cancers can affect BM-MSCs proliferative and differentiation behaviors. These regulators might also be used as a strategy for a more efficient proliferation and differentiation of MSCs to be used in cell therapy, tissue engineering, regeneration and tissue homeostasis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - The Sertoli Cell Efficiency in Spermatogenesis, A Review Study
Mohammad Javid Akbarian Hossein AziziOver 100 million sperm are daily produced by the male reproductive system for the purpose of reproduction and fertility in male gender. During embryonic development, primordial germ cells migrate to the testes and transform into undifferentiated germ cells called sperma MoreOver 100 million sperm are daily produced by the male reproductive system for the purpose of reproduction and fertility in male gender. During embryonic development, primordial germ cells migrate to the testes and transform into undifferentiated germ cells called spermatogonia, which are destined to develop into mature sperm through a process called spermatogenesis. Successful spermatogenesis and thus efficient fertility are dependent upon various factors, including Sertoli cell efficiency. Studies have reported a direct correlation between the morphology of Sertoli and germ cells indicating the importance of these somatic cells inside the spermatogenic tubes. The first structural investigations and possibilities about the function of these cells date back over 150 years when 23-year-old Enrico Sertoli first assessed the structure of these somatic cells. The results of years of research on various functions and effects of these cells have contributed significantly to studies on infertility. This has drawn more attention to the characteristics and mechanisms of physiological action of Sertoli cells, as well as the analysis of disorders related to them so that an effective step can be taken in the treatment of male fertility problems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - Anti-tumor effects of Silybum marianum essential oil and 5-fluorouracil combination on Hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2)
Mohammad Jaber Masoud Khooy Mohammadreza Salehi Salmi Massoumeh Farasat Hamed MirzaeiThe present study evaluated the efficacy of combining 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and Silybum marianum essential oils to suppress in vitro Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) growth by influencing the Wnt, NF-κB, angiogenesis, apoptosis and autophagy pathways. Silybum marian MoreThe present study evaluated the efficacy of combining 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and Silybum marianum essential oils to suppress in vitro Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) growth by influencing the Wnt, NF-κB, angiogenesis, apoptosis and autophagy pathways. Silybum marianum essential oils were studied alone and in combination with 5-FU in the HepG2 cell-line. The expression of NF-κB and Wnt signaling pathway genes as well as angiogenesis-, apoptosis- and autophagy-associated genes and proteins were evaluated using Western blot and qRT-PCR techniques. Each treatment decreased the viability of HepG2 cells compared with the control group. Moreover, S. marianum essential oils from Khozestan or Isfahan (Sm-K and Sm-I) in combination with 5-FU reduced the migration and invasion of HepG2 cells. Angiogenesis-related proteins i.e. VEGF, COX-2, Bfgf and HIF-1α were significantly reduced. Apoptosis- and autophagy-related proteins i.e. caspase-8, Bax, Bcl-2, Beclin-1, LC3-I, and LC3-II were modulated by each treatment. Each treatment decreased total NF κB (p65) and phospho NF κB (p65) at protein levels. The expression levels of Wnt pathway-related genes were also decreased. Taken together, these findings revealed that S. marianum, either alone or in combination with 5-Fu, could exert anti-tumor effects via modulating autophagy, apoptosis, angiogenesis, NF κB and Wnt signaling pathways. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - Investigating the Protective Effect of Thymoquinone on the Process of Spermatogenesis and Functional Indices of Sperm in White Rats Receiving Tricyclazole
Ramona Kasra kermanshahi Esmail Fattahi Seyed Gholam Ali Jorsaraei Sohrab Kazemi Maryam Gholami tabar tabariCompounds with antioxidant properties such as thymoquinone (TQ) significantly prevent changes resulting from the effect of toxic chemicals such as tricyclazole on visceral organs. Therefore, this study was conducted in order to use thymoquinone to prevent the destructiv MoreCompounds with antioxidant properties such as thymoquinone (TQ) significantly prevent changes resulting from the effect of toxic chemicals such as tricyclazole on visceral organs. Therefore, this study was conducted in order to use thymoquinone to prevent the destructive effects of tricyclazole on the process of spermatogenesis in male rats. In this experimental study, 42 male rats were randomly divided into 7 groups including: control group (no drug), sham group (10% solution of Tween 80), tricyclazole (20 mg/kg) group, thymoquinone (10 mg/kg) group, thymoquinone (20 mg/kg) group, tricyclazole (20 mg/kg) + thymoquinone (10 mg/kg) group, and tricyclazole (20 mg/kg) + thymoquinone (20 mg/kg) group. At the end of the treatment period, by preparing tissue sections from the testis, the cells of the spermatogenesis pathway were evaluated per unit area. According to the findings, the average number and motility of sperm and the number of spermatogonial cells in the thymoquinone 20 and thymoquinone 10 groups showed a significant increase compared to the tricyclazole group (p < 0.05); However, the number of Leydig cells in the thymoquinone 20 and thymoquinone 10 groups showed a significant decrease compared to the tricyclazole group (p < 0.05). The results of the study showed that thymoquinone, as a strong antioxidant, can partially compensate for the toxicity caused by tricyclazole on the spermatogenesis process. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - Protective and Therapeutic Effect of Leech Saliva on Spermatogenesis Parameters and Secretion of LH, FSH and Testosterone Following Busulfan Administration in Male Wistar Rats
Tayebeh Sadeghi Seyed Ebrahim Hosseini Mohammad Amin Edalatmanesh Mohamad KhaksariBusulfan disrupts testicular function. Given the importance of the effects of leech saliva in the treatment of various diseases, this study aimed to investigate the effect of leech saliva on spermatogenesis and secretion of LH, FSH and testosterone following administrat MoreBusulfan disrupts testicular function. Given the importance of the effects of leech saliva in the treatment of various diseases, this study aimed to investigate the effect of leech saliva on spermatogenesis and secretion of LH, FSH and testosterone following administration of busulfan in rats. Experimental 60 male Wistar rats aged 2.5 to 3 months with a weight of 200-220 g were randomly divided into 4 groups of 15 (control, leech saliva, busulfan, and busulfan + leech saliva). The busulfan group received intraperitoneal injection of busulfan at a dose of 10 mg / kg twice daily for 21 days. The leech saliva group received 1000 µg / kg leech saliva after 56 days from the first day of the experiment for 56 days. Subcutaneously injected, and the busulfan + saliva group received 10 mg / kg of busulfan saline at 1000 µg / kg saline, subcutaneously after 35 days of the second day of busulfan administration for 56 days. Five rats in each group were anesthetized on day 14, 28, 56 after injection and blood samples were taken from the heart to measure testosterone, LH, and FSH hormones. Statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t-test were considered significant at P Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - Effect of Red Clover Leaf Extract on Expression of Genes Involved in Follicogenesis and Proliferation of Ovarian Granulosa Cells of NMRI Mice
Farzaneh Rangamiz Javad Baharara Khadijeh ShahrokhabadiInfertility is one of the major medical problems in today’s world. Today, some studies have addressed the effects of phytoestrogenic compounds in the treatment of infertility. Red clover is one of the herbs containing phytoestrogenic compounds. In the present stud MoreInfertility is one of the major medical problems in today’s world. Today, some studies have addressed the effects of phytoestrogenic compounds in the treatment of infertility. Red clover is one of the herbs containing phytoestrogenic compounds. In the present study, the effect of red clover leaf extract on expression of genes involved in follicogenesis and proliferation of granulosa cells in NMRI mice was investigated. In this experimental in vitro study, 30 NMRI 18-20 immature female rats were used. For experiments, follicular granulosa cells were isolated, and in vitro cells were randomly divided into 6 groups.Control (untreated) and experimental groups with concentrations (10, 15, 20, 40, 80 μg/ml) of treated red clover leaf extract and cell viability were evaluated by trypan blue staining and MTT staining. Expression changes of BMP15 and FOXO1 genes were evaluated by Real Time PCR. The results of trypan blue staining and MTT assay showed that cell viability decreased with increasing concentration and time of treatment with clover leaf extract. Moreover, the expression level of BMP15 and FOXO1 genes was significantly increased in the 10 μg/ml red clover leaf extract compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Due to the effect of red clover leaf extract on granulosa cell proliferation and expression of genes involved in follicogenesis, this plant can be considered as a suitable candidate for clinical studies in infertility treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - Investigating the combined effect of endostatin along with endometrial stem cells expressing TSP-1 anti-angiogenic gene on angiogenic induce factors on the treatment of prostate cancer in rats
hossein Attar shakeri Esmail Fattahi Mohammadreza Nowroozi Seyed Ali Momeni Abbas PiryaiProstate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in men. Androgen ‎deprivation therapy has been identified to induce oxidative stress in prostate cancer, ‎leading to reactivation of androgen receptor (AR) signaling. Thus, antioxidant therapies ‎h MoreProstate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in men. Androgen ‎deprivation therapy has been identified to induce oxidative stress in prostate cancer, ‎leading to reactivation of androgen receptor (AR) signaling. Thus, antioxidant therapies ‎have gained attention as adjuvants for this cancer. Here, we report for the first time that ‎endostatin along with endometrial stem cells expressing TSP-1 anti-angiogenic gene ‎improved androgen- phenotype and genotype in rats prostate cancer cells.‎‏ ‏Forty male ‎rats (n=8) weighing approximately 95-100 g were purchased from Pasteur Inistitute of ‎Tehran . Animals were suffered to prostate cancer by injecting LNCaP cell line for 12 ‎weeks. Prostate cancer animals were immediately received endostatin for 28 days. ‎Prostate cancer animals were received stem cell containing the Tsp-1 anti-angiogenesis ‎gene. Histological examinations were measured. The levels of IL8 and VEGF serum ‎were assayed.‎‏ ‏In group receiving cells and drug, amount and height of acinus wall folds ‎decreased compared to the patient group and the shape of the vesicles was clear and the ‎epithelial lining were cohesive and regular. The levels of IL8 and VEGF serum were ‎significantly decreased in combination group than to prostate cancer group (P≤0.01). ‎ Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - The Effects of Geraniol and Exercise on Memory and Learning in Male NMRI Alzheimer’s Rats
Bahareh Seifi Nahavandi Parichehr Yaghmaee Shahin Ahmadian Maryam Ghobeh Azadeh Ebrahim-HabibiAlzheimer’s disease is one of the most important neurodegenerative diseases occurring after the production of free radicals and inflammatory factors. Geraniol, which is a natural monoterpene, contains antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this stud MoreAlzheimer’s disease is one of the most important neurodegenerative diseases occurring after the production of free radicals and inflammatory factors. Geraniol, which is a natural monoterpene, contains antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Geraniol and exercise on memory and learning, SOD activity and MDA serum level, neurogenesis and amyloid plaque count in Alzheimer’s Wistar rats. To create the Alzheimer's disease model, Aβ 1-42 was injected bilaterally into the hippocampus of male rats. Grouping included control (-), control (+), exercise, Alzheimer, Alzheimer + exercise, Alzheimer + Geraniol, and Alzheimer + Geraniol + exercise. The results showed that SOD activity and MDA serum level were significantly increased in the Alzheimer + Geraniol, Alzheimer + exercise, and Alzheimer + Geraniol + exercise groups compared to other groups (P<0.001). In addition, shuttle box behavioral test demonstrated that the entry time to the dark box was notably increased in Alzheimer + Geraniol and Alzheimer + Geraniol + exercise groups compared to Alzheimer and Alzheimer + exercise groups (P<0.001). Moreover, neurogenesis was remarkably increased in Alzheimer + Geraniol and Alzheimer + Geraniol + exercise groups compared to Alzheimer and Alzheimer + exercise groups (P<0.001). Besides, the number of amyloid plaques was decreased Alzheimer + Geraniol and Alzheimer + Geraniol + exercise groups compared to other groups (P<0.001). Based on the results of this study, it seems that this compound along with exercise is notably capable of improving complications in memory, SOD activity, MDA serum level, and neurogenesis as well as amyloid plaques in Alzheimer’s disease. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - The Effect of Eight Weeks Aerobic Training Alone or Combined with Grape Seed Extract Supplementation on the Myocardial Expression of VEGF and VEGFR-2 in the Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats
Maryam Shirani Jamshid Banaii Boroujeni Saieed Keshavarz Mohammad KarimiThe angiogenesis process is disrupted in the heart tissue during diabetes. In contrast, exercise training is one of the effective factors on the angiogenesis process. The present study was conducted aiming at investigating the effect of eight weeks aerobic training alon MoreThe angiogenesis process is disrupted in the heart tissue during diabetes. In contrast, exercise training is one of the effective factors on the angiogenesis process. The present study was conducted aiming at investigating the effect of eight weeks aerobic training alone or combined with grape seed extract supplementation on the myocardial expression of VEGF and VEGFR-2 in the streptozotocin-induced (STZ) diabetic rats. Thirty-two diabetic male Wistar rats with initial weight of 160-220 g were randomly assigned to four groups including control, supplement, training, and training + supplement groups, each consisting of eight rats. Type1 diabetes induced by STZ injection (55 mg/kg/bw). Aerobic training conducted for eight weeks and five sessions per week. Grape seed extract supplement was administrated by oral gavage at a dose of 40 mg/kg daily. Two day after the last training session or grape seed extract supplementation, all rats were anesthetized by means of ketamine–xylazine injection and their heart tissues were removed. VEGF and VEGFR-2 gene expression in the heart tissue were determined by Real-time PCR method and data were analyzed by SPSS software and one-way ANOVA test. The present study’s findings indicated that myocardial VEGF expression in training, supplement, and training + supplement groups were significantly higher compared to the control group (p<0.05). In addition, VEGFR-2 expression in training and training + supplement groups indicated a significant increase compared to control and supplement groups (p<0.05). The current study’s finding indicated that aerobic training alone and in combination with grape seed extract supplementation played a key role in increasing the expression of myocardial angiogenic factors in type 1 diabetic rats. However, consumption of grape seed extract along with aerobic training cannot have a synergistic effect on VEGF and VEGFR-2 expression. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - Evaluation of the Protective Effect of Chrysin on Sperm Parameters on the Process of Spermatogenesis in Rats Receiving Diazinon Toxin
Fatemeh Mojibi Gholam Ali Jorsaraei Esmail Fattahi Sohrab Kazemi Maryam Gholami tabar tabariCompounds such as chrysin inhibit the effects of toxic substances such as diazinon on visceral organs and the present study was performed to evaluate the protective effect of chrysin on spermatogenesis by interfering with diazinon toxin. In this experimental study, 42 m MoreCompounds such as chrysin inhibit the effects of toxic substances such as diazinon on visceral organs and the present study was performed to evaluate the protective effect of chrysin on spermatogenesis by interfering with diazinon toxin. In this experimental study, 42 male Wistar rats weighing approximately 250-180 g were selected and randomly divided into 7 groups including control, sham, diazinon with a concentration of 20 mg/kg BW, chrysin with a concentration of 10, Chrysin with a concentration of 20 mg/kg, chrysin with a concentration of 10 mg/kg and diazinon with a concentration of 20 mg/kg and chrysin with a concentration of 20 mg/kg and diazinon with a concentration of 20 mg/kg were divided. At the end of the treatment period, with the process of tissue preparation, with Motic software, the number of cell lines per unit area was determined and compared with each other in different groups. There was a significant difference between the mean number of sperm count and sperm motility in the Sham and Control groups with Diazinon and DC10 groups (p < 0.001), and DC20 groups (p < 0.01). Also, there was a significant difference in sperm mortality in Shm and Cnt groups with Diazinon, DC10 and DC20 test groups (p < 0.001). The results showed that there was a significant difference in the mean number of sperm count, sperm motility, sperm mortality, sperm morphology, number of Leydig cells, number of germ cells, number of primary and secondary spermatocytes, and number of spermatids in Sham and Control groups compared to some test groups. Thus, CHR as a potent antioxidant can compensate for the toxicity of Diazinon toxin. . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - Anti-Angiogenic Effects of Synthesized Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Containing Foeniculum vulgare Essential Oil
Mohammad Sharifalhoseini Ali Es-haghi Gholamhasan Vaezi Hooman ShajieeAngiogenesis is a physiological process that involves the formation of new blood vessels, contributing to the development and progression of various diseases, including metastatic cancers, cardiovascular diseases, and inflammatory conditions. Vascular endothelial growth MoreAngiogenesis is a physiological process that involves the formation of new blood vessels, contributing to the development and progression of various diseases, including metastatic cancers, cardiovascular diseases, and inflammatory conditions. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the main regulators of tumor angiogenesis. Studies show that VEGF and its receptor (VEGF-R) are often upregulated in tumor tissues, and the overexpression of VEGF increases tumor growth and metastasis. This research aimedto synthesize solid-lipid nanoparticles containing Foeniculum vulgare essential oil and investigate its anti-angiogenic effects. For this purpose, the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) was used, and the expression of two important genes involved in the angiogenesis process, VEGF and VEGF-R was assessed using Real-Time PCR. The results showed a decrease in the growth rate of blood vessels in the CAM model, indicating the anti-angiogenic effects of the nanoparticles. Also, Real Time-PCR confirmed a decrease in the expression of the VEGF and VEGF-R genes. The results of this study showed that solid-lipid nanoparticles containing Foeniculum vulgare essential oil had anti-angiogenic properties and; therefore, can be useful agents for treating cancer. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - Investigating the Effect of Local Probiotics Strains on β-Amyloid Brain Biomarker in Induced Alzheimer’s-Disease Wistar Rats
Ehsan Asghari Jafari Maryam Ghobeh Hanieh Jafary Parichehr YaghmaeeOne of the most important causes of global population decline is the overgrowth of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease characterized by the extracellular accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques in the hippocampus. Probiotics are microscopic MoreOne of the most important causes of global population decline is the overgrowth of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease characterized by the extracellular accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques in the hippocampus. Probiotics are microscopic organisms that are important for maintaining and improving human health. This study aims at assessing the effect of two probiotic strains, including Bifidobacterium longum and Limosilactobacillus reuteri on Aβ42 gene expression, the count of amyloid plaques, and neurogenesis in the brain of Alzheimer's disease rat models. First, two probiotic strains were isolated, purified and identified from traditional yogurt, and the rats were grouped as follows: thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups. The control group underwent any surgery with no special treatment. The other groups underwent surgery and after being injected by Aβ42, they were divided into the sham group receiving water (probiotics solvent) and the two experimental groups receiving 2.5 x 109 CFU of Bifidobacterium longum and Limosilactobacillus reuteri strains. Finally, Aβ42 gene expression, the count of amyloid plaques, and neurogenesis were assessed in the brain of Alzheimer's disease rat models. In the brain of induced Alzheimer’s disease rats, neuron death occurred and the number of amyloid plaques increased significantly (p<0.001). Also, Aβ42 gene expression was increased in their brains. Meanwhile, treatment with both probiotic strains notably improved all of these symptoms. Therefore, the use of both Bifidobacterium longum and Limosilactobacillus reuteri probiotic strains seem to be effective in the recovery and treatment of Alzheimer's disease which certainly requires more investigations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - The Effect of Cineole on Biochemical, Behavioral and Histological Parameters in Alzheimer’s Male Wistar Rat Model
Elnaz Khameneh Parichehreh Yaghmaei Maryam GhobehThe Alzheimer’s disease is one of the neurodegenerative diseases affecting many individuals around the world with no definitive cure. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cineole, as a natural antioxidant, on the behavioral, biochemical, and hist MoreThe Alzheimer’s disease is one of the neurodegenerative diseases affecting many individuals around the world with no definitive cure. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cineole, as a natural antioxidant, on the behavioral, biochemical, and histological symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease in Wistar rats. Thirty-six male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to six groups. The control group underwent any surgery with no special treatment. The other groups underwent surgery and were assigned to four beta-amyloid groups: one group receiving PBS (beta-amyloid solvent); the sham group was treated with tween 80 (cineole solvent) and the two experimental groups were treated with cineole at 0.02 and 0.04 mg/kg doses. The control group, the Alzheimer’s group and the PBS group did not receive any treatments. Finally, behavioral (Shuttle box), biochemical (malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase, TNF-α) and histological parameters (H&E and Thioflavine S staining) were investigated. In Alzheimer’s-induced rats, the time it took for the rats to go to the dark part of the shuttle box was significantly (p < 0.001) shorter than that of the control group. The levels of malondialdehyde and TNF-α in these rats were significantly increased and the level of superoxide dismutase was significantly decreased compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Furthermore, histological studies showed that in Alzheimer’s-induced rats, neuronal cell death occurred extensively in the hippocampus and amyloid plaques increased. Treatment of rats with cineole improved all of the investigated parameters significantly in a dose-dependent manner. Cineole may be used as a suitable natural antioxidant to treat Alzheimer’s disease and reduce its symptoms, requiring further research. . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - A Review on Biological Analysis of of Darwin's Evolutionary Theory on the Origin of Cellular Life on Earth
Naeimeh ShibaeiThe origin of cellular life is still unknown. According to Darwin's evolutionary theory that all species of life, due to the process of natural selection, originated from a common ancestor, some have assumed the origin of life to be a random process during which life ev MoreThe origin of cellular life is still unknown. According to Darwin's evolutionary theory that all species of life, due to the process of natural selection, originated from a common ancestor, some have assumed the origin of life to be a random process during which life evolved from non-living materials such as simple organic compounds to has come into existence. The prevailing hypothesis is that the transition from non-living organisms to living organisms was not a single event, but a complex evolutionary process that began after the formation of the Earth after the Big Bang, as a result of the transformation of inorganic molecules into organic molecules. And then with the spontaneous creation of organic molecules with the ability of self-replication, assembly, autocatalysis and then the emergence of cell membrane, nature has been able to choose the best compounds that have the ability to expand on earth and become prokaryotic cells and in the later stages as The ancestors of eukaryotic cells expanded to live on earth. In this research, the different dimensions of the probability of the random emergence of the primary cell are explained and the challenges related to them are examined from different aspects of the sciences of cell biology and genetics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - Effect of Six Weeks of Resistance Training on Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Neuron Derived Neurotrophic Factor of Heart Tissue in Obese Male Rats
Neda Ghasemi Mania Roozbayani Hossein ShirvaniThe phenomenon of angiogenesis in pathophysiological conditions such as obesity and physiological conditions such as exercise have different effects on the body. The aim of this investigation was to study the effect of six weeks of resistance training on Vascular endoth MoreThe phenomenon of angiogenesis in pathophysiological conditions such as obesity and physiological conditions such as exercise have different effects on the body. The aim of this investigation was to study the effect of six weeks of resistance training on Vascular endothelial growth factor and Neuron Derived Neurotrophic Factor in obese male rats. In an experimental study, 20 male wistar rats aged five weeks and weight approximately 120 to 160 grams, were divided into two equal groups, control and experimental, based on weight homogenization. The experimental group performed a training protocol for six weeks, three sessions per week, and each session includes one set of 10 repetitions with a 90-second rest interval, including of climbing a resistance training ladder at a height of one meter and an incline of 85 degrees with a weight attached to the base of the tail (with Paying attention to the maximum weight carrying capacity of each rat. 48 hours after the last training session, the rats were sacrificed and blood was taken from the heart. The values of VEGF and NDNF in the heart tissue were evaluated with ELISA method. In order to examine the changes of between groups, the independent t-test was used at a significance level of p<0.05. The results indicated that six weeks of resistance training led to a significant increase in VEGF values (p=0.0001) and a significant decrease in NDNF values (p=0.0001) in experimental group in comparison to the control group. Base on the findings of this study, it seems that resistance training can have positive effects on preventing the risk of cardiovascular diseases caused by obesity, by increasing some protective factors and reducing angiogenesis inhibitory factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - The Comparison of the Influence of 12-Week High- Intensity Interval Training and Continuous Moderate Intensity Training on PGC-1α and Tfam Mitochondrial Proteins Expressions in Gastrocnemius Muscle of Elderly Rats
A. Bakhtiyari A. Gaeni S. Choobineh M.R. Kordi M. HedayatiEndurance training increase the proteins, enzymes and mitochondrial functions in human and animal samples. The purpose of this study was comparison of the influence of 12-week high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) on P MoreEndurance training increase the proteins, enzymes and mitochondrial functions in human and animal samples. The purpose of this study was comparison of the influence of 12-week high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) on PGC-1a and Tfam mitochondrial proteins expression in gastrocnemius muscle of elderly rats. In this study 45 elderly 22 months old Wistar rats (weighing 325-375g) were randomly divided into three groups: HIIT, MICT, and the control group. The exercise in the HIIT group was started with 20 minutes (2 minutes at 85-90% VO2max intensity and 2 minutes of recovery period at 45-50% VO2max intensity) in the first week and then reached to 48 minutes in the 12th week. The training program in the MICT group was begun with 20 minutes (at 65-70% VO2max intensity) and reached to 48 minutes in the 12th week. The expression levels of PGC-1α and Tfam proteins in gastrocnemius muscles were measured by Western blot method. One-way ANOVA was used to analyze the data. The PGC-1α expression was significantly increased in the HIIT (P< 0.001) and MICT (P<0.01) groups compared to the control group. Also, PGC-1α levels were significantly increased in the HIIT group compared to the MICT group (P<0.05). Tfam expression was significantly increased in the HIIT (P<0.01) and MICT (P<0.05) groups compared to the control group. HIIT resulted in a greater increase in PGC-1α and Tfam expressions in the gastrocnemius muscle of elderly rats compared to MICT. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - Morphological and Histological Observations on the Testes of Paradactylodon gorganensis
N. Rezapour H.G. Kami M. Heydari-NasrabadiIn general, the testes in the Hynobiidae Family are slender. In urodela, the testis is organized in lobes increasing throughout the cephalocaudal axis during maturity. The anuran testis is organized in tubules. Spermatogenesis occurs in cysts composed by Sertoli cells e MoreIn general, the testes in the Hynobiidae Family are slender. In urodela, the testis is organized in lobes increasing throughout the cephalocaudal axis during maturity. The anuran testis is organized in tubules. Spermatogenesis occurs in cysts composed by Sertoli cells enveloping germ cells at synchronous stages. Moreover, in numerous species, germ cell progression lasts a year, defining the sexual cycle. Due to the above quoted features, research on factors regulating germ cell progression in amphibians may reach greater insight compared to the mammalian animal models. In the present research, stages in spermatogenesis in Paradactylodon are identified and structurally described for the first time. To this end, 16 specimens of Paradactylodon gorganensis were captured and transferred to laboratory. The species is only found in the Shir-Abad Cave and the stream flowing from it, 60 km east of Gorgan (36 57' N, 55 01' E), in the eastern part of Alborz Mountains, in Golestan Province, northern Iran. After macroscopic analyses and obtaining the testicular fragments, the material was submitted to the histological routine to be included in paraffin and staining with haematoxylin/eosin. Anatomical studies showed that, in this species testis is slender and milk-white; and average length and diameter of active testis were 32.76 mm and 4.77 mm, respectively. Microscopic analyses studies showed that, in this species testis is ampullar and spermatogenesis occurs in cysts developed within seminiferous lobules. Each of these units clusters cells in the same stage of differentiation and with a synchronism development, common characteristic in the amphibians. In the germ tissue, the primary spermatocytes (mean 5.511 ± 0.537 μm) are the biggest spermatogenetic cells. With the cellular differentiation and proliferation, succeeded the other cellular types (spermatogonia, spermatocytes II, spermatids I and II, and spermatozoa) with a cystic organization, that is, groups of cells associated with Sertoli cells, forming the spermatogenetic cysts or spermatocysts. The spermatogenetic lineage cells were differentiated and identified according to the cellular and cystic morphology. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - The Effect of Red Ginseng Water Extract on Oogenesis and Uterus Tissue of Adult NMR Mice
Z. Zohrevand Asl N. hayati roudbari S. Mohamadi Gorji K. ParivarHerbal product consumption and use of herbal medicines are now the most popular treatment methods. In the meantime, ginseng belongs to the genus Panax of the family Araliaceae has been among top ten common plants in people's food basket. The objective of this study was MoreHerbal product consumption and use of herbal medicines are now the most popular treatment methods. In the meantime, ginseng belongs to the genus Panax of the family Araliaceae has been among top ten common plants in people's food basket. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of ginseng extract on oogenesis in the adult NMRI strain. In this experimental study, we randomly divided 30 adult female mouse NMRI strain into 5 groups for 30 d as follows: 1) Control (not gavaged), 2) Sham (gavaged water), 3) Treatment groups (gavaged 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg ginseng extract). Ginseng water extract was prepared in distilled water. After 30 d, they were killed. Ovarian and uterine tissue were removed and studied.The number of primary follicles in three experimental groups was 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg. Secondary follicles with doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg groups and graaf follicle with dose of 200 mg/kg group showed significant increase. Reduction in atretic follicle in groups with doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg was observed. Uterine studies showed significant increase in the thickness of perimeter and endometrial layer in group with dose of 100 mg/kg and the number of glands in experimental groups 1 and 2 showed increased.Finally, wecan say that using red ginseng water extract is effective on oogenesis and uterus tissue. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - The Study of the Effect of Nano-selenium on Oogenesis and Uterus Changes in Adult NMRI Mouse Strain
A. Sharafli N. Hayati roudbari K. Parivar P. MaghamiDifferent nutrients affecting male reproductive organs have a significant effect on the prevention and treatment of infertility; one of these elements is selenium. This study was aimed at evaluating selenium nanoparticles (NSAs) in oogenesis and uterine changes in adult MoreDifferent nutrients affecting male reproductive organs have a significant effect on the prevention and treatment of infertility; one of these elements is selenium. This study was aimed at evaluating selenium nanoparticles (NSAs) in oogenesis and uterine changes in adult female NMRI mice. In this study, 30 adult female NMRI mice were selected and randomly assigned to five groups: controls, Sham and three experimental groups. Control group did not receive any material, the Sham group received solvent and the experimental groups received Nano selenium at three doses of 0.2 mg/kg, 0.3 mg/kg, 0.4 mg/kg for 30 days. The weight of the animals in the experimental groups at the high dose was significantly reduced. The weight and diameter of the ovary declined, but the results were not significant. The number of primordial follicles, primary and secondary follicles, and atretic follicle have decreased. The number of Graafian follicles decreased at the dose of 0.4 mg/kg of Nano selenium and corpus luteum decreased at the dose of 0.3 mg/kg of Nano selenium. The diameter of the secondary follicle was increased, but it was not significant. The diameter of the Graafian follicle did not change. The number of blood vessels in the ovaries was increased, but their diameter did not change significantly. In experimental groups, the diameter of the uterine cavity was significantly reduced. The thickness of the perimetrium of uterine layer was also reduced. The number of uterine glands endometrium decreased in the third experimental group, but their diameter did not significantly change in any of the groups. Nano-selenium caused an increase in the number of primordial, primary and secondary follicles due to its antioxidant effect; and the uterine layer of the endometrium increased and perimetrium and myometrium decreased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - The Protective Effect of Tribulus terrestris Hydroalcoholic Extract on Cisplatin-induced Cytotoxicity on Spermatogenesis on BALB/c Mice
Z. Keshtmand Sh. Oryan A. GhanbariCisplatin is an anti-cancer drug used in chemotherapy. One of the limiting side effects of cisplatin use is cytotoxicity and decrease in genital gland function, azoospermia, and oligospermia. Tribulus terrestris has been used as an aphrodisiac. The present study amid to MoreCisplatin is an anti-cancer drug used in chemotherapy. One of the limiting side effects of cisplatin use is cytotoxicity and decrease in genital gland function, azoospermia, and oligospermia. Tribulus terrestris has been used as an aphrodisiac. The present study amid to investigatethe protective effect of T. terrestris hydroalcoholic extract on cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity on spermatogenesis in mice. In this experimental study, thirty male adult mice weighning 25-30 gr were randomly divided into five groups of six members each. Control group received saline, first experimental group received cisplatin (5.5 mg/kg) and other three experimental group, that received different doses of hydroalcoholic extract of T.terrestris 100-300 and 500 (mg/kg/i.p) with cisplatin respectively. The day after the last injection, weights of body and testis were measured and after anesthesia, their testes were taken out and tissue dissections were assessed. Data analysis was performed using SPSS and one-way ANOVA. Cisplatin led to a reduction significantly in the weights of body, testis (P<0.05) and spermatogenesis compared to the control group (P<0.001), while in treated groups with T. terrestris, the weights of body, testis, and spermatogenesis were higher compared with cisplatin group. Extract of T. terrestris ­could effect ­of protective on cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity on sperm morphology related to the presence of antioxidant components. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - Role of Gender in Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor level of Serum and its Response to Exercise
mehdi yadegari aliasghar ravsiaa abbasali gaeini hajar pakmanesh parinaz mosdeghMen and women have significant differences in performance indicators and their response to exercise stress. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an important mediator in the process of angiogenesis and is one of the factors promoting aerobic capacity. The purpos MoreMen and women have significant differences in performance indicators and their response to exercise stress. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an important mediator in the process of angiogenesis and is one of the factors promoting aerobic capacity. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of gender in serum VEGF levels and its response to exercise. For this purpose 11 non- athletes male and 11 non- athletes Female (23/8 , 22/63 years) Were selected and performed a single bout of progressive aerobic exercise. Blood samples was collected before, immediately and 2 hours post exercise and serum VEGF levels were measured by ELISA kit. ANOVA test (Repeated Measures) and independent t test were used to data analysis. The results showed that the serum VEGF level of women at rest was significantly higher than men (P = 0.002), while this difference was not observed immediately (P = 0.052) and two hours after exercise (P = 0.07). According to the findings of the present study, it seems that at rest, women have a higher level of vascular endothelial growth factor than men but in response to exercise stress men experience greater increase in serum VEGF. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - Clinical report of congenital terminal hemimielia in pelvic limbs and bilateral agenesis of the toes in a kitten
H. Mohyeddin HR. FattahianHemimielia is a congenital complete or partial absence of one or more bones. All appendicular bones can be affected and many variations have been showed. There is maximum incidence in radial, tibial and ulnar hemimielia. A 4- months- old domestic short hair (DSH) kitten MoreHemimielia is a congenital complete or partial absence of one or more bones. All appendicular bones can be affected and many variations have been showed. There is maximum incidence in radial, tibial and ulnar hemimielia. A 4- months- old domestic short hair (DSH) kitten with deformed, non weight bearing painful left pelvic limb without any history of trauma. Clinical signs showed hind limb anomaly. Hence, radiographic survey was carried out in lateral and craniocaudal recumbency. Amputation was selected as a treatment of choice because of severity of deformation and pain. In the present clinical report we found terminal hemimielia in left limb and agenesis of metatarsus and phalanges in both pelvic limbs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - Investigating the effect of growth regulators on callusing and Somatic Embryogenesis of of Pekan variety walnut under in vitro conditions
mohammad dali mohammad motamedi Shahab SadaWalnut (Juglans regia L.) is a plant with a high economic value, and the use of micro propagation techniques will be very effective in the vegetative propagation of uniform superior cultivars and genotypes of walnut. In order to optimize walnut tissue culture, in this r MoreWalnut (Juglans regia L.) is a plant with a high economic value, and the use of micro propagation techniques will be very effective in the vegetative propagation of uniform superior cultivars and genotypes of walnut. In order to optimize walnut tissue culture, in this research, fresh branches of Pekan variety walnut trees were separated and transferred to the laboratory. For sterilization, callus formation and somatic embryogenesis, three experiments were performed with different treatments. Six sterilization treatments in a completely randomized design with 4 replications were considered for this research. In order to obtain callus, DKW culture medium was considered as the basic culture medium. 8 treatments of callus formation were investigated in a completely randomized design in 3 replications. In order to achieve indirect somatic embryogenesis, different combinations of TDZ and NAA were investigated in a completely randomized design in 4 replications. The results of analysis of variance of sterilization data indicated the existence of a significant difference between the mentioned treatments. The results of sterilization treatments showed 20% sodium hypochlorite for 5 minutes along with 70% alcohol for 15 seconds as the best result for sterilization of explants. DKW medium supplemented with 3 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/L NAA gave the best result in callus formation. TDZ in the amount of 6 μM along with NAA in the amount of 0.2 μM had the best results in the embryogenesis of the resulting callus Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - Psychosomatic medicine: The art of coping and salutogenesis
Farzad GoliAlthough the term psychosomatic is used in a wide range of contexts – from media to clinics – no exact definition of the term exists that even practitioners and experts of different schools in this domain agreed on. This may be due to its intertidisciplinary MoreAlthough the term psychosomatic is used in a wide range of contexts – from media to clinics – no exact definition of the term exists that even practitioners and experts of different schools in this domain agreed on. This may be due to its intertidisciplinary, multisystemic, and evolutionary nature. Psychosomatic medicine is an approach to health which deals with the beliefs, narratives, relations, and behaviors formed around a disorder as well as the effects of them on the disorder, structure, and function of the body. This approach seeks for leading the material-energetic-symbolic-reflective flow of signs in order to activate the salutogenesis vs. pathogenesis, and promote adaptive coping of the organisms with the disease. As such it can be regarded not exclusively as a specialty but as an approach which integrates different specialties of the medicine, connect the two lifeworlds of patient and client with the medical system, and bring about mind-body coordination through the use of different modalities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - Study of soil formation and classification of Islamic Azad University - Fasa branch’s lands
Mohammad Rahim OwjiIn order to identification, classification and soil formation in Islamic Azad University of Fasa branche’s lands were studied. These lands including two parts, one of them with 12 hectares extent located in 5 km of the west of Fasa and other one with 220 hectares MoreIn order to identification, classification and soil formation in Islamic Azad University of Fasa branche’s lands were studied. These lands including two parts, one of them with 12 hectares extent located in 5 km of the west of Fasa and other one with 220 hectares extent located in 15 km of the west of Fasa in Fars province. Soil moisture and thermal regime is xeric and thermic respectively. For investigations of these lands, topographic maps were used and many profiles were dogged and after soil morphology surveys, soil sampling and physical and chemical experiments were done. Investigation of physico-chemical and morphological properties of these soil showed they were Lomy-skeletal, mixed, thermic, Typic Calcixereots soils. These soil don’t have properties of other orders and have a calcic horizon in xeric moisture regime, therefore these soils are inceptisol.In these soils strongly effect of parent material in soil formation is observed. Light texture and a lot of gravels and cobbles in these soils are caused to increase permeability rate and carbonates leaching from upper horizons and accumulation in soil lower horizons. In calic horizon, lime is observed as pendant concretion and powdery pockets. Manuscript profile
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