• List of Articles Arabic

      • Open Access Article

        1 - Arabic News Articles Classification Using Vectorized-Cosine Based on Seed Documents
        Mohamed Elhadi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Ignorant Era Jurisprudence The nature, resources, the principles and applications
        Mohammad Bagher Amerinia
        Importance of studying the background of Islamic jurisprudence is not covered for anyone. What nowadays is known as old jurisprudence and rooted in the field of religious canonization is introduced; in fact, a developed form of a system of history which the lessons of p More
        Importance of studying the background of Islamic jurisprudence is not covered for anyone. What nowadays is known as old jurisprudence and rooted in the field of religious canonization is introduced; in fact, a developed form of a system of history which the lessons of previous religions and commons always originated within simultaneous emergence of Islam, as so those installations are excepted from this process. The ignorant jurisprudence that was the same system of current law (even if simple) among the people in the age of pagan Arabs especially in the field of business and always within commons, was the most important historic background formation in the Islamic civilization that identified need assessment and introduced.This article dealing with the etymology of subject, analysis and applied manners and customs of the age, is trying to introduce Arabic ignorant religious jurisprudence studies, the principles and origins to identify it, and eventually the applicable role in religious Islamic jurisprudence and how to use it in the field. Manuscript profile
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        3 - Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activities of Roasted and Unroasted Coffee Extracts
        Sahar Khorsand Manesh Mehrada Ghavami Behzad Bazyar
        Introduction: Oxidation is one of the most important spoiling reaction in the oils and fats and might be delayed by the use of antioxidants to some extent. Coffee contains some effective phenolic antioxidants such as chlorogenic acids, caffeic acids ester and quinnic ac More
        Introduction: Oxidation is one of the most important spoiling reaction in the oils and fats and might be delayed by the use of antioxidants to some extent. Coffee contains some effective phenolic antioxidants such as chlorogenic acids, caffeic acids ester and quinnic acids. The object of this research is to study the antioxidant activities of coffee extracts. Materials and Methods: In this research work coffee extracts were obtained by hexane and isopropanol after three hours of extraction period. The extracts yields and total phenolic compounds were determined using Folin ciocalteu method. The hexanolic and isoporopanolic extracts of both roasted and unroasted coffee from two varieties of coffee (Arabica, Robusta) were added to tallow at different concentrations. Peroxide value at 100UC (oven) and Induction period measurements at 110UC (Rancimat) were used as means to examine and investigate the antioxidant activities of the above extracts. Results: The results indicated that coffee extracts inhibited antioxidant activities and were able to reduce the oxidation chain reaction. The highest yield of phenolic compounds, taking Gallic acid as the index was related to the extracts obtained by isopropanol and accounted for 2.17 mg/g of dry matter. This might be due to higher polarity of isopropanol as compared to hexane. Conclusion: Among the extracts isopropanolic extract of roasted Robusta with 15% concentration exhibited the best antioxidant activity. Manuscript profile
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        4 - The Effect of Date Syrup and Arabic Gum on the Physicochemical and Sensory Properties of Orange Kefir Ice Cream by Using Principal Component Analysis Method (PCA)
        A. Taherian M. Rahbari A. R. Sadeghi Mahonak
        Introduction: Fermented ice cream is a new dairy dessert with low amount of fats andsweeteners as compared to the typical ice creams. Since kefir contains collections of variousbacteria and yeasts with unique nutritional, sensory and desired functional properties, it is More
        Introduction: Fermented ice cream is a new dairy dessert with low amount of fats andsweeteners as compared to the typical ice creams. Since kefir contains collections of variousbacteria and yeasts with unique nutritional, sensory and desired functional properties, it isconsidered as an unique product in dairy industry. The aim of this study is to use kefir in icecream formulation and investigate the substitution of sugar by the date syrup and in additionstudy the effect of arabic gum as a stabilizer on the physicochemical and sensory properties ofthe ice cream.Materials and Methods: In this study, kefir is first produced and then used in the ice creamformulation. Then effects of sugar substitution by date syrup (0%, 25%, 50% and 75% w/v)and arabic gum (0%, 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.3% w/v as stabilizers) on physicochemical (acidity,pH, viscosity, overrun, melting rate and first dripping time) and sensory properties of orangekefir ice cream were investigated.Results: The results indicated that the application of date syrup and arabic gum causedincreases in the acidity, apparent viscosity, overrun, first dripping time and decreases inmelting rate and pH of the ice cream samples. Organoleptic scores were decreased byincreasing the date syrup and arabic gum concentrations.Conclusion: By considering the kefir microbial flora activity on the physicochemicalproperties of the product, it might be concluded that 25% date syrup and 0.2% arabic gumconcentrations are the most suitable sugar and stabilizer substitution in the production of kefirice cream. Manuscript profile
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        5 - Development and Evaluation of Color Parameteres of Curcumin Nanocomplex
        SH. Shaykhzadeh M. Alizadeh M. Rezazad H. Hamishehkar
        Introduction: Color is the fundamental qualitative characteristic of food products. Curcumin is a natural polyphenol found in the rizome of the turmeric. Curcumin, possesses multiple biological activities. However, its application is limited due to its poor water solubi More
        Introduction: Color is the fundamental qualitative characteristic of food products. Curcumin is a natural polyphenol found in the rizome of the turmeric. Curcumin, possesses multiple biological activities. However, its application is limited due to its poor water solubility and instability under adverse conditions. Encapsulation is a way to overcome these challenges. The aim of this study was to develop curcumin-loaded nanocapsules and evaluate the particle size and color parameters of the prepared product. Materials and Methods: Initially, the organic phase (curcumin in ethanol) was introduced to aqueous phase (sodium caseinate, gum arabic and Tween 20). By reduction of the pH from 7 to 4.8, 5 and 5.2 nanoparticles were formed. Measurement of the particle size was carried outbyusing particle size analyzer. Color indices were determined using a Hunter lab. Box-Behnken design was used to explore the effects of 4 independent variables consisting of sodium caseinate (0.1-0.3 %w/w), gum arabic (0.5-1% w/w), Tween 20 (0.1, 0.2 %w/w) and pH (4.8, 5, 5.2) on the responses. Results: Theresults of the analysis showed that the effects of linear, quadratic and interaction of parameters on responses were significant. By increasing the biopolymers concentration, the particles size was increased from 120 nm to 984 nm. By increasing the concentration of sodium caseinate the brightness of samples was reduced.Samples containing Tween 20 had brightness and higher L*. In general, by reducing the particle size the color intensity of the samples was increased. Conclusion: The best sample regarding the smallest particle size and curcumin color index was obtained at the concentration of 0.2 % sodium caseinate, 0.75 % gum arabic, 0.1 %Tween 20 and pH of 5. These nanodispersions might be useful as a hydrophobic nutrient delivery system as well as color factor for utilisation in functional food and beverage products. Manuscript profile
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        6 - Investigation on the Effect of Arabic Gum Concentration and Spray Dryer Temperature on the Physicochemical Properties of Aloe Vera Powder
        M. Nouhi Sh. Shabani F. Zamani-Hargalani
        Introduction: Aloe vera is used industrially for various purposes where it is employed in many food products including beverages, milk, etc. One factor that makes aloe vera gel difficult to store and transfer is its high moisture content. This might be handled by the ap More
        Introduction: Aloe vera is used industrially for various purposes where it is employed in many food products including beverages, milk, etc. One factor that makes aloe vera gel difficult to store and transfer is its high moisture content. This might be handled by the application of methods such as drying and dehydration. The application of spray drier to produce high Quality powder is a suitable method. The product obtained from this process contains smaller particles with a better particle size distribution, appearance, texture, drop characteristics, compressibility, mass density, dispersibility, and solubility index. Materials and Methods: In this research, the drying of Aloe Vera gel was studied using a spray dryer in four different temperatures of 135,145,155 and 175°C and different Arabic gum concentration of %0, %1.5 and %3. Among the 12 produced samples, the two samples dried at 145 and 175 degrees Celsius and gum concentration of %1.5 with desirable conditions in terms of humidity, solubility and efficiency were studied for comparative tests such as pH, moisture, antioxidants capacity, level of aloin, size and shape evaluation by an electron microscope, particle color and size using the available samples on the market by applying one-way ANOVA test and Duncan's Multiple Range Test with a confidence level of %95. Results: The samples with higher input temperature and less process time contained more antioxidant capacity and aloin, with less quality degradation and have shown better qualitative results. Conclusion: The sample dried at the temperature of 175°C and gum concentration of %1.5 was selected as the preferred sample in terms of the parameters used for this research. Manuscript profile
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        7 - The Effect of Salicylic Acid and Gum Arabic on Some Qualitative and Quantitative Characteristics of Ziziphus mauritiana Lam During Storage
        S. Zarbakhsh S. Rastegar
        Introduction: Indian Ziziphus is one of the important fruits of tropical and subtropical crops. This research evaluates the effect of salicylic acid and gum arabic on some postharvest qualitative and quantitative characteristics of this fruit (Ziziphus mauritina Lam,). More
        Introduction: Indian Ziziphus is one of the important fruits of tropical and subtropical crops. This research evaluates the effect of salicylic acid and gum arabic on some postharvest qualitative and quantitative characteristics of this fruit (Ziziphus mauritina Lam,). Materials and Methods: The fruits were washed and then immersed in different concentrations of salicylic acid (1mM, 2mM and 4mM) and gum arabic (5 and 10%) along with a blank for fifteen minutes. The fruits were then packed and kept in the refrigerator at 4°C. The fruits were removed from the refrigerator every seven days for a period of thirty days and different characteristics such as weight loss, hardness, color, acidity and ascorbic acid content were evaluated. The factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications was conducted. Results: The total acidity in all the treatments except salicylic acid (2 mM) and gum arabic (10%) were higher than the control samples (p<0.05). Gum arabic (10%) showed the highest stiffness however not statistically significant. Salicylic acid maintained the appearance of the fruits at all the concentrations. Salicylic acid at 4 mM had the best activity, while at the concentration of 2 mM the conversion of green to yellow (the Hue) was the least. The treatment with 10% gum arabic was the best treatment concerned with the weight loss.  Conclusion: The results indicated that salicylic acid has preserved the appearance, brightness and gum arabic (10%) was more effective for hardness and affected the weight loss.  Manuscript profile
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        8 - The Effect of Gum Arabic Encapsulated with Rosemary Extract on the Quality of Minced Silver Carp and Eschershia coli Inoculated in the Mince
        D. Falahatgar S.R. Javadian
        Manuscript profile
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        9 - A Study of the Reflection of Arabic and Indian Words in Bahr Ajam Culture
        Jaleh Shafii abolghasem radfar Hamid Tabasi
        10.30495/clq.2022.679127
        One of the important issues in comparative literature research is the analysis of the reflection of words and linguistic structures in the literature of different nations. Undoubtedly, relations between different nations over the past centuries have led to cultural exch More
        One of the important issues in comparative literature research is the analysis of the reflection of words and linguistic structures in the literature of different nations. Undoubtedly, relations between different nations over the past centuries have led to cultural exchanges. Such relations between the land of Iran on the one hand and the Arab countries and the Indian subcontinent on the other hand led to the introduction of Persian words into Arabic and Indian. One of the most important language groups is Indo-European, which includes all the languages of the Indian subcontinent, Iran, as well as European, which is influenced by various factors such as the dominance of Muslim rulers, the migration of Iranian writers, conquests, bilingualism and culture... Vocabulary exchange has taken place between them. In this research, by descriptive-analytical method and using library resources, the reflection of some Arabic and Indian words in the culture of " Bahr Ajam " was investigated. And it was concluded that the Persian words involved in the Indian language are: words taken from Arabic and used in Hindi or in exactly the same sense, or their pronunciation, meaning, concept or structure has changed. Manuscript profile
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        10 - A Comparative Study of Prayer in the Military Poems of Ganjavi and Jamil Sedghi Al-Zahawi
        Khaled Hefzi Abdolamir Al-Tamimi Mehrdad Aghaei
        10.30495/clq.2021.679132
        In the Persian literature, Iranian and non-Iranian poets and writers, citing the order of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) who said: "everything must be started in the name of God", have long written their poems and writings in the name of the Lord of the worlds, and praising Hi More
        In the Persian literature, Iranian and non-Iranian poets and writers, citing the order of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) who said: "everything must be started in the name of God", have long written their poems and writings in the name of the Lord of the worlds, and praising His greatness and generosity. In Arabic literature, old and new poets have prayed to the Lord of the universe in their poems. Nezami Ganjavi, one of the greatest poets of Persian literature, at the beginning of his Masnavi, has dedicated many verses to praise and supplication to God. The Iraqi poet, Jamil Sedghi al-Zahawi also mentions God in a scattered manner in the margins of his divan, but in the final part of the divan, he devotes an ode to prayer and supplication to God only. The purpose of this study is to have a comparative study of prayers and supplications and their content in the poems of Nezami Ganjavi and Jamil Sedghi Alzheimer. Manuscript profile
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        11 - Protest literature with the symbol of "night" in contemporary Persian and Arabic poems
        faroogh nemati
        10.30495/clq.2023.1981592.2531
        Symbolic expression is considered as one of the most delicate artistic techniques among various elements of imagination, one of the main language structures in contemporary poetry. Meanwhile, the element of night has a different meaning in contemporary Arabic and Persia More
        Symbolic expression is considered as one of the most delicate artistic techniques among various elements of imagination, one of the main language structures in contemporary poetry. Meanwhile, the element of night has a different meaning in contemporary Arabic and Persian poetry; In such a way that the night atmosphere and its special situation have caused different readings among the singers of the two languages. Using this natural symbol in order to express protest against the existing situation is one of the functions of the night in the poetry of two languages; By using this symbolic capacity, poets express their objection to the darkness and suffocation of the situation. In this essay, with a comparative approach and analytical-descriptive method, by choosing three poets from contemporary Arabic poetry (Bayati, Siyabb and Boland Heydari) and three poets from contemporary Persian poetry (Nima, Tahereh Safarzadeh and Akhwan) to examine the symbolism of the symbol of the night. We will pay as a protest symbol. Manuscript profile
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        12 - A Comparative Study of the Symbols of Nature in the Poetry of Sohrab Sepehri and Samih Ghasem
        یدالله رفیعی
        10.30495/clq.2022.1972342.2485
        The symbol sometimes appears in the form of words, and words are taken in their actual words used in the meta sense. Some of these words, are the elements of nature. Accordingly, we can say; Aspects of symbolic and allegorical elements of nature, art and creative implic More
        The symbol sometimes appears in the form of words, and words are taken in their actual words used in the meta sense. Some of these words, are the elements of nature. Accordingly, we can say; Aspects of symbolic and allegorical elements of nature, art and creative implications if applied intelligently in the poem creates.Sohrab Sepehri and Samih Ghasem are two poets from two different Iranian and Arabic cultures whose studies and research show that symbolism has been very important in expressing their concepts, teachings and thoughts and naturalism is one of their common aspects. .Key words: Symbol, Arabic poetry, Samih Qassem, elements of nature, PalestineThe findings of this research, which has been done by analytical-descriptive method, indicate that Sohrab, as a modern and romantic poet, has depicted many elements of nature in his poems, and Samih Qasim, as one of the great cryptographers in contemporary Arabic poetry, To express the reality of society and social problems, it has given elements of nature symbolic properties. Manuscript profile
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        13 - A comparative study of the "polyphonic" component in contemporary Arabic and Persian novels with emphasis on Bakhtin's theories (Sooshun Simin Daneshvar- Miramar Najib Mahfouz)
        Zohreh Dastpak saeid hamidian Farhad Tahmasebi
        10.30495/clq.2023.1990688.2582
        The present research, using the opinions of Mikhail Bakhtin and especially the theory of polyphony, tries to comparatively analyze the discourses in the novels "Sushon" by Simin Daneshvar and "Miramar" by Najib Mahfouz and by using the descriptive-an More
        The present research, using the opinions of Mikhail Bakhtin and especially the theory of polyphony, tries to comparatively analyze the discourses in the novels "Sushon" by Simin Daneshvar and "Miramar" by Najib Mahfouz and by using the descriptive-analytical method to reflect the polyphony in Pay these novels. The author evaluates these novels based on Bakhtin's conversational logic and the components in it, and in the meantime, the research has answered the question of how polyphony is represented in the selected novels. The results of the research show that in the above stories we witness polyphony, but the form and manner of expression of this polyphony are different and in each story factors such as: gender, social and economic structure, intellectual currents in the form of two poles of self-awareness and cultural alienation are involved. The results of polyphony are represented in the form of components more than other factors. Women often have the role of following the thought that is issued from the moral reference of the story, and they generally strengthen the polyphony in the story with a partial style. The social and economic structure, class conflict, and intellectual currents in the stories, each of them create the field of discourse diversity by creating two opposite poles as the other. Manuscript profile
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        14 - The Adjusting Analysis of Rationalism from Attitude of Abol Ala Maari and Naser khosro
        تورج زینی وند
        10.30495/clq.2023.1760095.0
        Abol Ala Maari and Naser khosro consider from prominent characters of Islamic culture in the scope of ration and rationalism, so far as their rationally odes have more fame and frequency from others. This study claims that poetic experiences, acquaintance with thought o More
        Abol Ala Maari and Naser khosro consider from prominent characters of Islamic culture in the scope of ration and rationalism, so far as their rationally odes have more fame and frequency from others. This study claims that poetic experiences, acquaintance with thought of Islamic and Iranian rationalists and scientists and Greek philosophers, using from religious teachings and culture specially Ismaeeli and fatemi is from rationalism sources of these tow. Naserk hosro as a cultivated poet, has had acquaintance with Arabic literature. Thus, in writing some of his rationally subjects he has followed maari's step. Also in this study, it is beliveved that although in some cases there is similarity between Abol Ala and Naser khosro poem. But these similarities are just a simultaneous random and there is the source of some of these rationalism subjects in Islamic and Persian culture Too. This study accoding to adjusting similar aspects and some times Naser khosro effectiveness from Abol Ala. Two main subjects of this study are:A: A prelude about rationalisms process in Arabic and Persian literature and study's generalities.B: The adjusting rationalism subjects in the poem of these two poets.Key words: Abol Ala Maari, Naser khosro, Rationalism, Arabic and Persian poem, Adjusting literature. Manuscript profile
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        15 - A Comparative Study of Abstraction in Iranian Islamic poetry and architecture and Arabic-Islamic Poetry and Architecture ( Emphasizing on traditionalists' views on Islamic art(
        foroogh elahi Nima Ettehadi
        10.30495/clq.2023.1959937.2431
        Traditionalist philosophers have described Islamic art as abstract, cryptic, and meaningful. Accordingly, pure abstraction has a special place in the art of Islamic architecture in Iran and the Islamic world , as one of the important features of Islamic art, which is ta More
        Traditionalist philosophers have described Islamic art as abstract, cryptic, and meaningful. Accordingly, pure abstraction has a special place in the art of Islamic architecture in Iran and the Islamic world , as one of the important features of Islamic art, which is taken from the first aesthetic source of abstraction in Islam, the Holy Quran, and is based on mystery and semantics. However, this important element and indicator has received less attention the art of Persian and Arabic poetry , which is one of the most prominent and widespread arts that was composed in the Islamic period with the aim of embodying abstract and transcendental concepts based on monotheistic and mystical beliefs Of These two nations. Accordingly, the current descriptiveanalytical method paper examined and explained the element of abstraction, review and compare in ArabicIslamic and Iranian Islamic poetry and architecture with emphasis on the views of traditionalists. Studies show that the emergence of Sufism and mysticism in Islamic poetry and architecture has been the peak of the tendency to pure abstraction these arts between these two nations. Thus, concepts such as unity of existence, manifestation, love, annihilation and survival in the form of geometric shapes, lines, colors and words and phrases and through common artistic tools such as rhythm, balance, repetition, code, simile and ... is reflected in Arab-Islamic and iranian Islamic architecture and poetry, so that almost everything that has happened in the world of mysticism has entered the field these two Iranian and Islamic arts in abstract language. Manuscript profile
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        16 - Comparative research on wine poetry in Persian and Arabic literature
        zahra khosravi vamakani
        10.30495/clq.2023.1980622.2527
        In this research, the background of wine poetry in Arabic and Persian literature and how it evolved in the literature and nation of Iran and the Arabs is shown to express the spirit of both nations. Description of wine has been an inseparable part of ancient Arabic Qsid More
        In this research, the background of wine poetry in Arabic and Persian literature and how it evolved in the literature and nation of Iran and the Arabs is shown to express the spirit of both nations. Description of wine has been an inseparable part of ancient Arabic Qside(odes) or a long time and in the course of time, this type of literature was given a complete and independent structure from Arabic Qaside(odes) by the Iranian poet of Arab descent.Hasan lbn Hani known as Abu navas with name of khamrieh. in Arabic literature, the material aspect has always prevailed in this kind of literature, and rarely did the spiritual aspect find its way, that Ibn Fariz was the representative of this type of thinking in Arabic poetry, of course, this aspect was not late in Arabic poetry. in Persian literature, due to the non-existence of poetry in the pre-islamic period, we can recover and reread the heritage of this literary form only from the time of Rudaki Samarqandi.and in addition to its material aspect and the writing of this poem in the description of wine in royal parties and gatherings by famous poets such as Daqiqi ،Kesai، Manochehri ،Khayyam and… in the description of wine and related matters to Saqi, Nadim, Motreb ,Jam(cup) , sagar (saghar) and… Manuscript profile
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        17 - A brief comparison of Eulogy poetry of Am'aq-Bukhari and Motanabbi
        Ahmadreza Yalmeha Nasrin Izadi
        The purpose of this paper is to introduce the Am'aq Bukharai and Motanabbi two poet of Persian and Arabic and then making a brief Comparison between them. Which his eulogy poetry is considerable. In the short history of Persian and Arabic influence on thinkers and theor More
        The purpose of this paper is to introduce the Am'aq Bukharai and Motanabbi two poet of Persian and Arabic and then making a brief Comparison between them. Which his eulogy poetry is considerable. In the short history of Persian and Arabic influence on thinkers and theories about it offered. Although the Arabic literary tradition closest to Persian literature, and with all the differences in linguistic divisions are tied to the fate of these languages. And have a big impact on each other. Manuscript profile
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        18 - A Comparative Study of Satire between Arabic and Persian Language (Concentrating on Bashār ibn Burd’s Potries)
        Mohammad Hassan Masoumi Majid Fotoohi
        Satire in literature means a piece of poem or prose which stands against eulogy and meets personal purposes. It bears a caustic, explicit and sometimes insulting tone, but if it is to express the socio-political pains, it employs a softer language. Satire is constructed More
        Satire in literature means a piece of poem or prose which stands against eulogy and meets personal purposes. It bears a caustic, explicit and sometimes insulting tone, but if it is to express the socio-political pains, it employs a softer language. Satire is constructed based on caustic and painful criticism, and sometimes, it is led to sarcasm and painful insult. Any form of emphasis on ugly aspects of a phenomenon, whether voluntary or involuntary, is a satire. Satire is a piece of prose or poetry which tends to ridicule or insult somebody. Due to the literary definition of satire and the difference the critics considered between satire and abusiveness, dissolute and indecent writings – which disgrace people - can be excluded from satiric ones. In this study, the authors have tried to analyze satire in Arabic and Persian language and its impact on Arabic, especially on Bashār ibn Burd Manuscript profile
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        19 - A Comparative Study of Ahmad Shamloo and Ahmad Matar
        Javad Kaboutari Masoumehh Bakhshi Zade Hossein Arian
        Ahmad Matar – the famous Arab poet – has versed his poetries in conflict with the majorities, thoughts and acts. The reader witnesses his objections and revelation against the cruel and traitorous government; the exact method can be seen in Ahmad Shamloo's p More
        Ahmad Matar – the famous Arab poet – has versed his poetries in conflict with the majorities, thoughts and acts. The reader witnesses his objections and revelation against the cruel and traitorous government; the exact method can be seen in Ahmad Shamloo's poetries. The similarities in their poetries made us to study their poetries based on their attitudes comparatively. The personage theory has been chosen among critical approaches; while it is of special importance among psychologists. The present research studies the abovementioned poetries based on the famous psychologists' theories. According to Freud's theory on triad traits – id conflicts, ego and super ego – the applied psychiatric mechanisms are recognized in order to solve the conflicts. The method is descriptive – analytical and librarian. Manuscript profile
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        20 - A Comparative Study of the Description of Nature in Persian and Arabic Poetry
        Sadeq Ebrahimi Kavari Rahimeh Choulonian
        Nature has always been a source of inspiration for poets with a special status in poetry in general. On the other hand, there are many common themes in Persian and Arabic literature due to their closeness in terms of common culture and religion as well as extended geogr More
        Nature has always been a source of inspiration for poets with a special status in poetry in general. On the other hand, there are many common themes in Persian and Arabic literature due to their closeness in terms of common culture and religion as well as extended geographical boundary. Interactions between relevant countries have resulted in different imparts in different areas. The history of describing nature in poetry is as old as the history of the relevant literature which has undergone some changes at different stages. This study is an attempt to indentify such effective interactions in Persian and Arabic  Literature.  Manuscript profile
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        21 - Comparative Study of Social – Political Satire in Nasim – e Shomal and Ahmed Mattar Poetries
        Kazem Azimi Fatemeh Sepahvand
        Social – political satire is one of the contemporary poetic structures which has been paid attention by scholars and authors during two recent decades. In Persian language Nasim – e Shomal could affect people's soul by applying simple poetic language. Ahmad More
        Social – political satire is one of the contemporary poetic structures which has been paid attention by scholars and authors during two recent decades. In Persian language Nasim – e Shomal could affect people's soul by applying simple poetic language. Ahmad Mattar - contemporary Iraqi poet - is well known by his satire in Arabic language. He also - as Nasim - e Shomal - tried to awaken his nation and even the world. The present paper tries to show two poets' concerns about their countries and nations comparatively. Manuscript profile
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        22 - A Comparative Study of Transformations of Contemporary Arabic Poetry from the Movement Era onwards and Transformations of Contemporary Persian Poetry from Constitutionalism Era onwards
        Zahra Khosravi
        The present article includes these sections: The first section discusses transformations of contemporary Arabic poetry from the movement era onwards. The second section discusses sociological aspects of the literary transformations in our country which resulte More
        The present article includes these sections: The first section discusses transformations of contemporary Arabic poetry from the movement era onwards. The second section discusses sociological aspects of the literary transformations in our country which resulted in preparing the ground for the Constitutional Revolution. Characteristics of the poetry in this era are also discussed in this section. In the third section, the similarities of Persian poetry after the Constitutionalism era and Arabic poetry after the movement era are compared. Manuscript profile
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        23 - A Study on Norm Deviation in Muin Bseiso and Mohammad Reza Shafiei Kadkani’s Poetries
        Mohammad Taqi Zand Vakili Marziyeh Ghasemian
        Norm Deviation is one of the new literary theories in which the poet disorders the common structure of the language by applying special patterns and recreates unfamiliar language. Arabic and Persian contemporary poets have come to modernism in their poetic language and More
        Norm Deviation is one of the new literary theories in which the poet disorders the common structure of the language by applying special patterns and recreates unfamiliar language. Arabic and Persian contemporary poets have come to modernism in their poetic language and concepts simultaneously with the modernism proceed Bseiso and Kadkani are the poets who have widen their poetic aesthetics and effectiveness by deviation from standard language. The aim of the present research is to study the elements of norm deviation in both poets’ poetries to show the abovementioned poets’ reason and goal in applying this method in their works to present their concept and meaning. The outcome has showed that two poets empower themselves by deviation from common syntax and semantic styles. Manuscript profile
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        24 - Islamic Awakening in Farokhi Yazdi and AbulQasim al-Shabi’s Poetry
        Abdollah Hosseini Ansar Saliminezhad Osman Esmaeili
        The terms Islamic awakening and resistance have always been associated with confronting the oppression and cruelty of rulers and the spread of tyranny and injustice. Boosting the motivation to defend right has had a significant role in the creation and restoration of su More
        The terms Islamic awakening and resistance have always been associated with confronting the oppression and cruelty of rulers and the spread of tyranny and injustice. Boosting the motivation to defend right has had a significant role in the creation and restoration of such awakening. Among the contemporary Persian and Arabic poets, Mirza Mohammad Farokhi Yazdi and Abul Qasim al-Shabi respectively, influenced by the socio-political context of their era, wrote poems with the aim of popular and Islamic awakening to resist colonial aggression, oppression, and injustice. The aim of this survey is to study the effects of Islamic and popular awakening in the poems of these two poets.Accordingly, poets are the representatives of the oppressed nations who, having been plagued by the rulers of their times, decide to revolt for justice, completing their struggle in the form of a literature and culture that aims at the knowledge and awakening obtained and nurtured by Islamic and popular resistance against cruelty and oppression. Manuscript profile
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        25 - A Comparative Look at Satire and Satirizing in Iran and Arab Literature
        Zahrā Asadi
        The present article is a comparison between Iran and Arab’s satire. Obeid Zakani’s satire as an Iranian satire has been compared to an Arabic one. Satire is a kind of prelude in which we can taunt, defeat or reveal someone’s weak points More
        The present article is a comparison between Iran and Arab’s satire. Obeid Zakani’s satire as an Iranian satire has been compared to an Arabic one. Satire is a kind of prelude in which we can taunt, defeat or reveal someone’s weak points easily. In Arabic literature, the poet tries to defeat a person or tribe by using satire in his poetry. Satire’s aim is not “laugh’’; it is a means of expressing and transferring the aim of writer to the reader in a better way. Manuscript profile
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        26 - A comparative study of rhetoric language in Persian and Arabic Languages
        Houshmand Esfandyarpour
        The present article is a comparative study of the science of rhetoric in Persian and Arabic languages since their emergence up to the present time. This study reviews the way scholars looked at the science of rhetoric at different times separately in Persian & Arabi More
        The present article is a comparative study of the science of rhetoric in Persian and Arabic languages since their emergence up to the present time. This study reviews the way scholars looked at the science of rhetoric at different times separately in Persian & Arabic. The views of the important masters of rhetoric are also mentioned. The study concludes that the Persian rhetoric masters were under the influence of their Arab counterparts concerning the use of Arabic figures of speech. Manuscript profile
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        27 - Comparative study of Social & Political Concepts in Javaheri and Yazdi Poetries
        Shamsi Vaqef Zadeh
        Javaheri and Farrokhi yazdi are of the vanguards of literary movement in national poetry. Their poetries are full of common concepts which are caused by common mental fields and derived from similar cultures and histories. Both characters are political and anti – More
        Javaheri and Farrokhi yazdi are of the vanguards of literary movement in national poetry. Their poetries are full of common concepts which are caused by common mental fields and derived from similar cultures and histories. Both characters are political and anti – alien who have experienced world war, rough era, coup d'état, resistance and offence a lot and found out that colonialism is the leader of all invasions and attacks against nations. The present paper has been done in descriptive – analytical method. Manuscript profile
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        28 - Some Notes on Persian and Arabic Languages
        Mohammad Alavi Moghaddam
        At the beginning of the present article, the most important differences between Arabic and Persian language are mentioned. Then it is discussed that the Arabic language is a derivational language while the Persian is a synthetic one; the various functions of a Persian w More
        At the beginning of the present article, the most important differences between Arabic and Persian language are mentioned. Then it is discussed that the Arabic language is a derivational language while the Persian is a synthetic one; the various functions of a Persian word is also discussed. It is mentioned that if there is any foreign word in Persian which is not known by the public because of its complexity, it's essential to use another word in Persian instead of it which is understandable by everyone. The final part of the article is about "synonyms" which some accept it but some deny it. Arabs know Quran very well and invoke to it so according to this holly book and know it as a criterion they got that there's no meaning for the term "synonym". But every single word has a certain meaning and it's impossible to replace one word instead of the other. Manuscript profile
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        29 - Blending
        Mahmood Shakib
        There were various reasons which caused abbreviations. Laze, hastiness in communication and using the natural capacities of languages in order to create correlativity are some of those reasons. Specialization of different sicientific branches and the combination of scie More
        There were various reasons which caused abbreviations. Laze, hastiness in communication and using the natural capacities of languages in order to create correlativity are some of those reasons. Specialization of different sicientific branches and the combination of science and technology, which would be more extensive and wealthy, is another important reason. There are two important ways to make the words shorter: one is abbreviation and the other is blending. Manuscript profile
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        30 - A Comparison on symbolic Concept of Rain in Ahmad Shamlou and Shakir al Sayyab's Poetries
        Sara Izadkhah Seyyed Hossein Seyyedi
        Rain in in Ahmad Shamlou and Shakir al Sayyab's Poetries is a social symbol. It contains the concepts such as sadness and happiness, hope and hopelessness. Applying Dumuzid myth in the "Rain" poetry by Sayyab and the folk language in Shamloo's verse shows the common con More
        Rain in in Ahmad Shamlou and Shakir al Sayyab's Poetries is a social symbol. It contains the concepts such as sadness and happiness, hope and hopelessness. Applying Dumuzid myth in the "Rain" poetry by Sayyab and the folk language in Shamloo's verse shows the common concepts in these two poets' poetries. This paper – which is done in librarian method – tries to study "Rain" and "giant petrel" by Shamloo and "Rain song" by Sayyab to makes the availability to similar effective patterns of two poets in their poetries. The theoretical level of the research includes cause variable and the operational level shows the effect variable; by studying the poetries the frequency of the term "rain" is extracted. Finally the symbolic concepts, similarities and differences are expressed. Manuscript profile
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        31 - Woman in is thinking of the great literary figures of contemporary Persian and Arabic
        Mehdi momtahen Maryam farrokhi poor shima Faraji far
        Woman is another face of human in the world. She is the main section of essence house and the leveler of the life way. The reflection of the past social beliefs and imaginations about woman had a key and determining role in persian and Arabic literature. To extent that More
        Woman is another face of human in the world. She is the main section of essence house and the leveler of the life way. The reflection of the past social beliefs and imaginations about woman had a key and determining role in persian and Arabic literature. To extent that most of these poets mentioned their latent and requests by love to woman and they emphasized on women's spiritual issues such as: education, freedom, bounty, contentment, righteousness, art, mysticism and so on. This emphasis resulted from the differences of the contemporary persian and Arabic scholars to woman compared to other groups and its result is manifested in most spiritual, humanistic and social issues. To extent that in most cases the women poets selected male, imitative and unclear recognition language for themselves. The present study tries to investigate the poets and scholars point of view about woman. Manuscript profile
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        32 - Arab Poetry’s Bride in Contemporary Kurdish Poetry
        Arman Mohammadi Raygani Moslem Khezalli
        Leyli & Majnoon are from the famous lovers in Arab and even world literature whose love story reflects in most of the nations’ literature. Kurdish literature is not an exception and the poets around the world paid special attention to love stories and depict i More
        Leyli & Majnoon are from the famous lovers in Arab and even world literature whose love story reflects in most of the nations’ literature. Kurdish literature is not an exception and the poets around the world paid special attention to love stories and depict it in their poetries especially in the odes since ancient years. The present article tries to study Kurdish contemporary poetry and survey the poets’ knowledge qualitatively and quantitative. Manuscript profile
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        33 - The Influence of Emro’-al-Qeis on Amir Moezzi
        Ahad Pishgar
        Amir Moezzi is one of the famous poets of Khorasan who had honored Arabic literature as well. That’s why he has used Arabs’ contents and words in his poetry, directly or indirectly. The present article tries to survey two poems and some verses More
        Amir Moezzi is one of the famous poets of Khorasan who had honored Arabic literature as well. That’s why he has used Arabs’ contents and words in his poetry, directly or indirectly. The present article tries to survey two poems and some verses of Amir Moezzi and the influence of Emro’-al-Qeis on his poetry. Manuscript profile
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        34 - A study on Resistance concepts in Mohammad Mahdi Javaheri and Sabzevari's "Pain Poetry"
        Maryam Mahmoudi Zeinab Sadat Hashemi
        Mohammad Mahdi Javaheri is one of the Iraqi greatest poets. Most of his poetry expresses social and political concepts. He was interested in national and metropolitan poetry. The resistance notions can be seen in his poetry a lot. Hamid Sabzvari is also a revolutionary More
        Mohammad Mahdi Javaheri is one of the Iraqi greatest poets. Most of his poetry expresses social and political concepts. He was interested in national and metropolitan poetry. The resistance notions can be seen in his poetry a lot. Hamid Sabzvari is also a revolutionary poet. Bot poets were originally Iranian and both of supporters of oppressed ones and resisted against oppressiveness. Resistance concepts such as oppressive depiction, invite to fight against oppressiveness, make the public hopeful to victory, freedom admiration could be found in their poetry a lot. Manuscript profile
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        35 - The Effect of Arabic Poetry on Persian Literatue
        Jalil Tajlil
        Arabic poetry could have a remarkable effect on Persian literature from bygones according to the plethora of the poets. It also could reduplicate the themes and concepts by derivation.Many of the forth and fifth centuries have derived their themes from Persian literatur More
        Arabic poetry could have a remarkable effect on Persian literature from bygones according to the plethora of the poets. It also could reduplicate the themes and concepts by derivation.Many of the forth and fifth centuries have derived their themes from Persian literature and could make a new style in poetry. This new style is a sign of the effect of Arabic poetry on Persian literature.  Manuscript profile
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        36 - Comparative Study on Romanticism Concepts in Moufdi Zakaria and Shahriar Poetries
        Abdolahad Gheibi Zahra Mohammad Poor Nasrin Hosseini tavana
        Zakaria and Shariar's poetries depict the nicest and the most attractive romantic concepts. Their poetries have common romantic concepts amongst which nature, poverty, patriotism and loneliness could be claimed. The nature is one of the most frequent applied romantic co More
        Zakaria and Shariar's poetries depict the nicest and the most attractive romantic concepts. Their poetries have common romantic concepts amongst which nature, poverty, patriotism and loneliness could be claimed. The nature is one of the most frequent applied romantic concepts which Zakaria and Shahriar have enjoyed. Nature has been chosen to be a shelter against disappointment and a safe. Both poets create these romantic concepts with dreamy and beautiful similes which affects the reader's heart and soul. The present paper attempts to study the common romantic concepts of two famous Algerian and Iranian poets comparatively. Manuscript profile
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        37 - A Comparative Study of Reasons for the Rise of the Novel in Iran and Egypt
        Mahindokht Farrokhnia Farzaneh buryazadeh
        One of the research fields of comparative literature, is the study of literary genres’ genesis and the examination of the quality of their growth and development. Fiction, especially the novel, is one of the important and significant contexts of comparative resea More
        One of the research fields of comparative literature, is the study of literary genres’ genesis and the examination of the quality of their growth and development. Fiction, especially the novel, is one of the important and significant contexts of comparative research. This article, prepared by a library method, studies and analyzes the reasons for the rise of the novel in Iran and Egypt, which are the two most important cradles of Persian and Arabic literature. The novel form in Iran and Egypt appeared more or less simultaneously, in the latter part of the nineteenth century. Because of such common factors as similar political and social conditions, the rise of modernist movements, the advent of the printing industry, the establishment of science academies, the impact or hegemony of western culture, the translation movement, and the rise of the intelligentsia, the emergence of the novel has coincided in both countries. This article studies all these common reasons for the rise of the novel, and introduces the first major novels in these two cultural contexts. Manuscript profile
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        38 - A Comparative Study of the Necessity of the Education of Women in Qasim Amin Mesri’s and Parvin Etesami’s Views
        Fatemeh Moradi Reza Samizadeh
        Parvin Etesami is one of the prominent and celebrated contemporary Iranian poetesses who enjoys a prominent place, particularly by dealing with certain issues such as women education throughout her poetry. Under the influence of her father Yusuf Etesam al-Mulk and his w More
        Parvin Etesami is one of the prominent and celebrated contemporary Iranian poetesses who enjoys a prominent place, particularly by dealing with certain issues such as women education throughout her poetry. Under the influence of her father Yusuf Etesam al-Mulk and his works, as translated from different languages, she successfully advanced her development and flourished in this field. Yusuf Etesam al-Mulk translated some books from Arabic into Persian including, namely, Qasim Amin Mesri's book entitled Tahrir al-Mar’a on freedom and women education, to be partly published in Iran under the title of Tarbiyate Niswan (Women Education). This paper is an attempt to explore Qasim Amin Mesri's ideas on the education of women and the effect on Parvin Etesami’s poems and views, therefore by studying their lives, works, and comparing their views the authors seek to make clear whether she was under his influence in her poetry or not, and if yes, determine to what extent she has received influence. Moreover, in this paper their approaches towards the necessity of educating women and Parvin's particular attitude towards the capabilities of Iranian women without imitating Western women has been treated.   Manuscript profile
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        39 - A Research in Common Contents in Persian and Arabic Literatue with Comparative Approach
        Gholamreza Fakhr
        Today, comparative literature regards as an important branch of literature which may result precious accomplishment in literal study. Comparative literature is a branch of literature, better to say literal criticism which compares different literal writings in different More
        Today, comparative literature regards as an important branch of literature which may result precious accomplishment in literal study. Comparative literature is a branch of literature, better to say literal criticism which compares different literal writings in different languages and studies similarities and conflicts. In other word, comparative literature discusses literal writings of other nations. To say briefly, comparative literature is one nation's perspective in ohter nations' literature. The nobility of literal writings will increase if they are studied comparatively. Other languages' literature has had interplay on each other, certainly the Persian and Arabic interplay is the most obvious one. The writer of the present article attempts to mention some advantages of comparative literature and offers common samples in Persian and Arabic literatue. Manuscript profile
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        40 - A Look into the European Borrowed Words in Persian and Arabic Languages
        Mahmoud Shakib
        In borrowing European words, Persianization is far different from Arabicization. Persians have four letters more than Arabs in their alphabet. They use ";' for both "v" and "w", while Arabs chose "d" for "v". In addition, unlike Persian, there is a serious tendency in A More
        In borrowing European words, Persianization is far different from Arabicization. Persians have four letters more than Arabs in their alphabet. They use ";' for both "v" and "w", while Arabs chose "d" for "v". In addition, unlike Persian, there is a serious tendency in Arabic for satiation of Damma and Kasra. However, the causes of differentiation go far beyond these factors; as shown in this research.  Manuscript profile
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        41 - A Study on Rational Trope in Arabic and Persian Poetries
        Parviz Azizi Javad Sa’adoun Zadeh Abdol Reza Ataashi
        Trope is one of the most important means in creating beauty in poetries and composers have applied and enjoyed it in order to enrich and develop the fancy domain in their poetries. Trope is applying a term in its other meaning from rhetoric scholars’ viewpoint. In More
        Trope is one of the most important means in creating beauty in poetries and composers have applied and enjoyed it in order to enrich and develop the fancy domain in their poetries. Trope is applying a term in its other meaning from rhetoric scholars’ viewpoint. In rhetoric, trope includes simile, metaphor, rational trope and synecdoche; as mystery, myth and superstition are interrelated in criticism. Five hundred witness from Arabic and Persian poetries in which rational trope and documents have been applied are studied in order to analyze this beautifier trick comparatively. Comparative assessment of rational trope and applied interests represent many similarities in Arabic and Persian poetries which is not exclusive to specific literary era or history. Time and affinity interest were more frequent in Arabic and Persian poetries respectively. Manuscript profile
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        42 - Arabic and Quranic concepts odes writers of Naserkhosrow
        Neemat Isfahani Omran Samireh Poorzad
        From the beginning of Persian poetry, due to familiarity with the Muslims and recite the Holy Qur'an and Qur'anic injunctions; effect Koran in Vasar poetry writers directly and indirectly in various ways; allegorical ; adaptation and can be seen pointing. Context in whi More
        From the beginning of Persian poetry, due to familiarity with the Muslims and recite the Holy Qur'an and Qur'anic injunctions; effect Koran in Vasar poetry writers directly and indirectly in various ways; allegorical ; adaptation and can be seen pointing. Context in which poets and writers of the fourth and fifth sections will exceed the height of NasserKhosrow This influence is apparent in the works. Expressions of verses used in poems Nasserkhosrow also saw examples are studied makes and practice the precepts it poems Court has to consider. And believes that the Quran should look inward preferred. Manuscript profile
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        43 - A comparative study of motto and wisdom in Emra-Ol- Gheys and Rudaki’s Poems
        Naser Mohseninya Elham Maryami
        In the world literature, both Persian and Arabic literature with much in common can have an important role in comparative research. Wisdom or rationalism and in more beautiful words, motto, is one of these common and comparable ways. Emra-Ol-Gheys-Al Kenn More
        In the world literature, both Persian and Arabic literature with much in common can have an important role in comparative research. Wisdom or rationalism and in more beautiful words, motto, is one of these common and comparable ways. Emra-Ol-Gheys-Al Kennedy, the pre-eminent of Arab belletrist, is placed on one side of the balance of this analogy, and Rudaki Samarkandi, known as Adam-O-Shshoara, i.e. the originator of Persian poetry, is located on the other side. Emra-Ol- Gheys, has implemented windows of the wisdom in his poems with the help of nature and teachings of the past and life experience of Jaheli epoch; and Rudaki also has come into poetry with the same mentioned concepts, but with a more important treasure in hand, namely Islam which is the source of insight and wisdom.   Manuscript profile
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        44 - HAFIZ AND MUTANABBI, A COMPARISON OF THEIR THEMES AND CONCEPTS
        Ahmad Shabani Mina Abad
        Khwāja Shamsud-Dīn Muhammad Hāfez-e Shīrāzī, known by his pen name Hāfez was a Persian lyric poet. His collected works composed of series of Persian poetry (Divan) are to be found in the homes of most Persian speakers in Iran who learn his poems by heart More
        Khwāja Shamsud-Dīn Muhammad Hāfez-e Shīrāzī, known by his pen name Hāfez was a Persian lyric poet. His collected works composed of series of Persian poetry (Divan) are to be found in the homes of most Persian speakers in Iran who learn his poems by heart and use them as proverbs and sayings to this day. His life and poems have been the subject of much analysis, commentary and interpretation, influencing post-Fourteenth Century Persian writing more than any other author. Themes of his ghazals are the beloved, faith, and exposing hypocrisy. Hāfezhas applied themes, thoughts and sayings of first class Arab poetsand the present article studies how Hāfez has been influenced by the poetry of Mutanabbi the famous Arab poet. Manuscript profile
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        45 - The Role of Iran's Social Traditions in Iraq's Contemporary Literature by Looking at Javaheri, Najafi, Sayyab and Bayati Works
        Ali tashakori Ibrahim Dibaji Mahmoud Shakib
        Every poet or author adds value to his country’s literature and culture history as well as a comprehensive image of his inner and our world. Persian poets also were affected by Indian ones in an era; but the journey to the West was of more value. Many poets tried More
        Every poet or author adds value to his country’s literature and culture history as well as a comprehensive image of his inner and our world. Persian poets also were affected by Indian ones in an era; but the journey to the West was of more value. Many poets tried to be affected by westerns and today’s Iraqis after Safavid dominance on Iran.  Attention to Iraq was in many poets’ minds; on the other hand many Iraqi poets and thinkers paid special attention to some Iran’s traditions. The present paper attempts to study culture, symbols, Persian language and literature influence – which all are sub – traditions – in four Iraqi contemporary poets: Javaheri, Najafi, Sayyab and Bayati. Manuscript profile
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        46 - A study of Persian and Arabic computer Unicode fonts
        Fariba Sultani Nejad
        Thinkers have always considered the human development as a consequence of the invention of alphabet and writing system. At present time computer fonts are the main bases of digital texts which for sure will result in a modern civilization. Unfortunately t More
        Thinkers have always considered the human development as a consequence of the invention of alphabet and writing system. At present time computer fonts are the main bases of digital texts which for sure will result in a modern civilization. Unfortunately the Persian language has remained obsolete in this regard in the age of computer technology in spite of a proud history. There are only a few standard fonts available for use in the internet. The present article tries to find solutions for this straitened circumstance through introduction of Unicode fonts according to the standards of the Institute of industrial research and comparing them with popular fonts and discussing their weaknesses. Manuscript profile
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        47 - Seyyed Amir Mohammad Anwar: The Unparalleled Literary Savant
        Alireza Manuchehrian
        This article commemorates the first anniversary of the departure of Seyyed Mohammad Anwar. This contemporary figure had an excellent command of Persian and Arabic. This literary savant and scholar was a masterful poet composing in Persian and Arabic. The current work ex More
        This article commemorates the first anniversary of the departure of Seyyed Mohammad Anwar. This contemporary figure had an excellent command of Persian and Arabic. This literary savant and scholar was a masterful poet composing in Persian and Arabic. The current work examines the excellent status of this scholar in contemporary literature as Anwar held a position of artistic and literary repute and originality in the field of Persian and Arabic poetry.   Manuscript profile
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        48 - Baroque Literary Epoch; Andreas Gryphius and His Impression from Sa‘di
        Seyyed Firooz Abadi
        Khwāja Shamsud-Dīn Muhammad Hāfez-e Shīrāzī, known by his pen name Hāfez was a Persian lyric poet. His collected works composed of series of Persian poetry (Divan) are to be found in the homes of most Persian speakers in Iran who learn his poems by heart More
        Khwāja Shamsud-Dīn Muhammad Hāfez-e Shīrāzī, known by his pen name Hāfez was a Persian lyric poet. His collected works composed of series of Persian poetry (Divan) are to be found in the homes of most Persian speakers in Iran who learn his poems by heart and use them as proverbs and sayings to this day. His life and poems have been the subject of much analysis, commentary and interpretation, influencing post-Fourteenth Century Persian writing more than any other author. Themes of his ghazals are the beloved, faith, and exposing hypocrisy. Hāfezhas applied themes, thoughts and sayings of first class Arab poetsand the present article studies how Hāfez has been influenced by the poetry of Mutanabbi the famous Arab poet. Manuscript profile
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        49 - Arabic Language in the Past, Present and Future Iran
        Victor Alkek Heidar Mahallāti
        Arabic language has become a global language in a significant period of time and has been distributed all around the world by developing Islam in the world. This language moved to China, Middle East, Egypt, and north of Africa and finally arrived to south More
        Arabic language has become a global language in a significant period of time and has been distributed all around the world by developing Islam in the world. This language moved to China, Middle East, Egypt, and north of Africa and finally arrived to southwest of Europe. The people of Arabian Peninsula have flattened the path of civilization by Quran’s language so that other genius nations of the world have learned this language eagerly. Persian Dari was blossomed in the 3rd century and the signs of poetry were appeared. Roudaki-the famous Iranian poet-was the ringleader of this difficult path Manuscript profile
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        50 - A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE EVOLUTION OF NEW POETRY IN PERSIAN AND ARABIC LANGUAGES
        Mehdi Momtahen Mahin Hajizadeh
        The twentieth century has observed deep changes and revolutions in major artistic fields. New poetry is one of the great changes which brought into vision new horizons in this regard. The history of poetry proves that it has been permanently undergoing ch More
        The twentieth century has observed deep changes and revolutions in major artistic fields. New poetry is one of the great changes which brought into vision new horizons in this regard. The history of poetry proves that it has been permanently undergoing changes and innovation in poetry is not a new concept. The study of the evolution ofnew poetry in Persian and Arabic languages shoes that this evolution is very similar in these languages due to social and cultural similarities. The present article is an attempt to study and compare the history, evolution and pioneers of the new poetry in Arabic and Persian languages. Manuscript profile
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        51 - The influence of Persian Culture and Literature on Javaheri's Poetry
        Shamsi Vaghef Zadeh
        Both Persian and Arabic literature have influenced each other and have had more literary interactions compared to other languages due to social and cultural similarities of the two nations. Mohammad Mehdi .Javaheri is a prominent Arab poet whose poetry which ranges More
        Both Persian and Arabic literature have influenced each other and have had more literary interactions compared to other languages due to social and cultural similarities of the two nations. Mohammad Mehdi .Javaheri is a prominent Arab poet whose poetry which ranges from neoclassicism to romanticism has been affected by Persian Literature regarding terminology. content, poetic style, imaginations and emotions. His mastery of Persian language, culture and society has played an important role in this regard.  Manuscript profile
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        52 - Stylistic Comparison of Satire in Anvari and Motenabi’s Poetry
        Naser Bahrami Mohammad Amir Abidinia
        Satire is one of the literary devices and a part of poetry in Arabic and Persian poets. Due to the ethical limitations in societies, however, few chose it as their means. As a result, many literary and social aspects of this genre are left unknown and ambiguous while re More
        Satire is one of the literary devices and a part of poetry in Arabic and Persian poets. Due to the ethical limitations in societies, however, few chose it as their means. As a result, many literary and social aspects of this genre are left unknown and ambiguous while research in this regard can unveil hidden aspects of the societies. The present study aims comparatively to analyze the satirical similarities and differences in Anwari and Motenabi’s poetry stylistically. Data are analyzed based on content analysis method. It is expected to attain a better understanding about satire and its stylistics and to pave the way for common grounds of satire in comparative literature. Manuscript profile
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        53 - The Concept of Pain and Suffering in Ghadat alSamman and Forough Farrokhzad’s Poetry
        Effat Naderinejad Mostafa Gorji
        Pain and suffering are among the tragic aspects of life. Alongside with death, isolation, freedom, and guilt, they are part of the possible fate of all people. This problem is reflected in art and literature, especially feminist literature which should be analyzed indep More
        Pain and suffering are among the tragic aspects of life. Alongside with death, isolation, freedom, and guilt, they are part of the possible fate of all people. This problem is reflected in art and literature, especially feminist literature which should be analyzed independently. On the other hand, the comparison of various nations’ literature, authors, and genres helps one discover the nature and origins of universal and common human thoughts and emotions. Thus the researchers intend to evaluate and analyze the subject of pain and suffering in contemporary literature particularly in the works of two female poets, Ghada al-Samman and Forough Farrokhzad, as representatives of Arabic and Persian literature. This study approaches the concept and ontology of pain and suffering, respectively. Here, the Researchers attempt to categorize the concept of pain and suffering based on their nature, existence, purpose, and function in order to discover their possible causes and outlets. Manuscript profile
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        54 - Comparative Study on Nostalgia Approach in Akhavan and Nazik al-Malaika's poetries
        Monir Zibaei
        "Nostalgia" is known as one of the alive subjects in psychology as well as in the field of literature and as Arabic and Persian contemporary poets' topics. Sigh, yearning and thinking about old good days could be seen frequently in Nazik al-Malaika and Mehdi Akhavan Sal More
        "Nostalgia" is known as one of the alive subjects in psychology as well as in the field of literature and as Arabic and Persian contemporary poets' topics. Sigh, yearning and thinking about old good days could be seen frequently in Nazik al-Malaika and Mehdi Akhavan Saless's poetries. Positions, life and society situations, thoughts and emotions and being familiar with many other poets caused strong nostalgia sense excitation. This article intends to study nostalgia manifestation in abovementioned poets' works in analytical – descriptive method. The results show that yearning on childhood, historical and mythical past, homesickness, death and being far away from utopia are of the most frequency in their poetries. Manuscript profile
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        55 - Elegy in Persian and Arabic literature Emphasizing the comparison of Abol Hassna Tahami and Khaqani’s elegy
        Naser Mohseni Nia Arezoo Pour Yazdan Panah Kermani
        The present article surveys the elegy and its different types in Persian and Arabic literature. It also surveys the procedure of elegy in both Arabic and Persian literature as well as its circulation in both languages; where is the beginning point and which Persian and More
        The present article surveys the elegy and its different types in Persian and Arabic literature. It also surveys the procedure of elegy in both Arabic and Persian literature as well as its circulation in both languages; where is the beginning point and which Persian and Arab poets have elegized. The basis of the present article is the comparison of Khaqani’s elegy – on his son’s death – as a sample in Persian literature and Abol Hassan Tahami’s elegy – on his son’s death – as a sample in Arabic literature. In order to clarify the elegy’s position in Persian and Arabic literature the similarities and the differences are expressed in this article. Manuscript profile
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        56 - Onsori and His Influence from Arabic Poets
        Mehdi Momtahen
          Comparative Literature, in general, is studying great thoughtful people's literature all around the world. Studying the relations between literatures from one side, and other things such as architecture, painting, music, poetry, grammar, art, economy, sociology More
          Comparative Literature, in general, is studying great thoughtful people's literature all around the world. Studying the relations between literatures from one side, and other things such as architecture, painting, music, poetry, grammar, art, economy, sociology, etc. on the other side is called comparative. It can be said that this kind of literature is comparing literature with other Human's sciences among the nations.Since the comparative literature was born in America and Europe in 19th century, but it is not so comprehensive in West, yet. Nevertheless, the literature of this part of the world is full of common purposes which were created through discussions among literary men and scientists.One of these literary men is Onsori, 4th and 5th century poet, who could derive many concepts by inspiration from Arabic poetry and put them among his beautiful odes. We, also, can have more effective role in order to enrich the comparative literature in this part of the world, Iran. Manuscript profile
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        57 - Comparative Study of Nabavi's Eulogies in Abdolrazzaq and Hilli's Poetries
        Ibrahim Fallah
        Speech and poem beautifing by Nabavi's eulogies as a literary type has always been interested by Persian and Arabic poets and authors. Religious literature _ which Nabavi eulogies is one of its subs_ has remained disregarded. The present paper intends to express how Moh More
        Speech and poem beautifing by Nabavi's eulogies as a literary type has always been interested by Persian and Arabic poets and authors. Religious literature _ which Nabavi eulogies is one of its subs_ has remained disregarded. The present paper intends to express how Mohammad – the Messenger – has been manifested in their poetries in descriptive – analytical method comparatively. The aim is to compare clause combinations of Jamalaldin Abdolrazzagh Esfehani and Safi Al Din Al Hilli's and express the similarities and differences. The results show that there are similarities in their poetries in applying lexicon such as ascension, birthday miracle, His priority to other Imams, His eulogy by other plants and creatures. Jamalaldin Abdolrazzagh Esfehani's eulogy is only about Mohammad the Prophet but Safi Al Din Al Hilli's is about Him and His Family members. Manuscript profile
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        58 - Educational Values in Ahmad Zaki Abu Shadi’s Poetry According to Romantic Meanings
        Roya Izad Doust Zahra Khosravi Soheila Qasimi Tarshizi
        10.30495/clq.2021.685282
        Ahmad Zaki Abu Shadi (1892) is one of the leading poets in the field of Romantic school in Arabic literature who sometimes tried to express the educational themes in poetry in addition to romantic principles. He is the child of an age in which the struggle for liberatio More
        Ahmad Zaki Abu Shadi (1892) is one of the leading poets in the field of Romantic school in Arabic literature who sometimes tried to express the educational themes in poetry in addition to romantic principles. He is the child of an age in which the struggle for liberation from colonialism was carried out full – blooded; thus, he portrayed some of the moral recommendations and human values ​​in the form of in – text infrastructures; one can become aware of the characteristics of romantic poetry in the Arab society by reading his poetries. Educational poetry refers to those couplets whose poetic purpose is to teach moral values ​​and human beliefs. This descriptive – analytical article intends to show in what field and how the educational teachings of the mentioned poet were reflected. The most important results indicate that the moral propositions he sought in religious discourse were presented through intertextual relations and beautiful descriptions, while in expressing social and political issues he tended to symbolism more than any other literary trick.    Manuscript profile
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        59 - Comparative Study of Baluchi and Arabic Proverbs
        Mohammad Akbar Sepahi
        Proverbs are important rituals and representations of human societies that represent human society, culture, and literature, their interests, tastes, and attitudes well. Baluchi language, literature and culture has always been in direct interaction with Persian language More
        Proverbs are important rituals and representations of human societies that represent human society, culture, and literature, their interests, tastes, and attitudes well. Baluchi language, literature and culture has always been in direct interaction with Persian language and literature, and on the other hand, Baluchi and other Iranian languages, dialects and subcultures, either directly, due to the position of Islam in this land or indirectly, due to Persian, which has been in closer interaction with Arabic have been influenced by proverbs and wise sayings and hadiths and narrations that have become proverb. In this article, we have tried to examine the prominent and remarkable examples of this type of proverbs and sayings that have become the form of proverb. One of the most important results in the middle of this research is the role of Persian language and literature. Regarding the commonalities of Baluchi and Arabic proverbs, most of the compatible examples of these two languages, the common example of them can also be found in Persian. Manuscript profile
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        60 - Comparison and Deviation Idiomatic of Semantic Relation in Arabic and Persian
        Elham Mazrae Seyyed Ebrahim Dibaji
        Prosody science is one of the literary sciences which was founded in second Hijri century by Khalīl ibn Aḥmad al-Farāhīdī; the subject is arabic poetry and studying rhythms as well as finding proper and improper rules. But the present paper intends to study deviation id More
        Prosody science is one of the literary sciences which was founded in second Hijri century by Khalīl ibn Aḥmad al-Farāhīdī; the subject is arabic poetry and studying rhythms as well as finding proper and improper rules. But the present paper intends to study deviation idiomatic which is one of the branches of prosody science in both languages; it means they would be researched after finding the deviation idiomatic and then derivation would be done and finally the semantic relation before and after amendment will be recognized to find the idiomatic and lexical meanings by comparison. This article surveys deviation idiomatic in Khalil's prosody with descriptive – analytical method. The outcome of deviation idiomatic research is that the idiomatic and lexical ones are almost in relation with each other. Manuscript profile
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        61 - Sahib ibn Abbad and his Effect on Arabic and Persian Languages
        Mohammad Mahmoudi Mohammad Jafari Mohammad Shaygen Mehr
        Sahib was a scholar and fan of science and knowledge in a way that was expert in various sciences. He treated students who became great masters in their own and different sciences. Although he was Iranian and his language was Persian, he learned Arabic literature in a w More
        Sahib was a scholar and fan of science and knowledge in a way that was expert in various sciences. He treated students who became great masters in their own and different sciences. Although he was Iranian and his language was Persian, he learned Arabic literature in a way that talked and wrote in Arabic. He was interested in learning Arabic and tried to encourage others to talk Arabic. Sahib paid special attention to Arabic poetry and literature as well as Persian. The present research attempts to introduce his active character in learning in the best way in Arabic and Persian to the ones who are familiar with two mentioned languages and are interested to learn. Manuscript profile
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        62 - The Influence of the Arabic Language on Fifth Century's Poetries
        Ibrahim Fallah
        Language and literature express the identity, originality and personality of a nation. The connection and influence between Persian and Arabic language and literature has always been reciprocal. The influence of Arabic on Persian dates back to afore the advent More
        Language and literature express the identity, originality and personality of a nation. The connection and influence between Persian and Arabic language and literature has always been reciprocal. The influence of Arabic on Persian dates back to afore the advent of Islam. However, by manifestation of Islam, the mentioned influence spread in Iranian thought and culture, but the fifth century which is one of the brilliant centuries of the Islamic period, the influence of Qur'an and Arabic on Persian poetry is more visible than previous periods. Since Arabic literature enriches Persian language and literature, its influence has been in various fields including words, phrases, imagination, thought, and style. As Arabic is the language of Qur'an and sacred texts, Iranians and Persian literature paid special attention to it and were greatly influenced by it. The present research entitled "The Influence of the Arabic Language on Fifth Century's Poetries" seeks to study and analyze the impact of Arabic language on fifth-century poetry as well as to examine the influential genres. The results show that the types of influence of Arabic language on fifth century's poems include applying Arabic words and phrases, contents of Arabic concepts translated into Arabic verses, rhetorical figures of speech such as quotation and simile. Manuscript profile
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        63 - Seljuki's Bilingual Scholars and Persian and Arabic Changes
        Mohammad Jafari Fariborz Hosseinjanzadeh Zahra Yazdani
        Persian and Arabic languages – because of dual interactions – are affected by each other through cultural relations since ancient era. But in fifth century – especially in Seljuk's era, the mentioned effects and admixture entered both languages because More
        Persian and Arabic languages – because of dual interactions – are affected by each other through cultural relations since ancient era. But in fifth century – especially in Seljuk's era, the mentioned effects and admixture entered both languages because of scientific and literal competitions of leaders which caused their gradual development and completion. The present research which is done based on literary and historical sources as well as new researches, expresses the effective reasons and factors of two languages' development by descriptive – analytical approach; it comes to conclusion that the changes and improvement root of Persian language as a national language and Arabic as a religious and canonical language was in this era. Bilingual authors and poets as well as Seljuki's princes and royals played the most effective role in the mentioned improvement and change. The aim of the paper is to study bilingual political and literary characters of Persian and Arabic languages as well as discovering the reason of two languages' survival in the present. Manuscript profile
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        64 - A Study on Effects of Political – Social Evolutions on Khair al-Din al-Zirikli and his Contemporaries
        Fatemeh Qajari Enayatollah Fatehi Nezhad
        Khair al-Din al-Zirikli is a multidimensional character who was active in various political, literal, historical and social fields. His most important work which is titled "Al-Aʻlām", is about scholars and celebrities' lives from ancient to the contemporary era and is o More
        Khair al-Din al-Zirikli is a multidimensional character who was active in various political, literal, historical and social fields. His most important work which is titled "Al-Aʻlām", is about scholars and celebrities' lives from ancient to the contemporary era and is of such a familiarity that affects all his life's aspects specially his literary and poetic aspect. The present paper studies his life style and works in his life time and after death. Manuscript profile
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        65 - Examination of Apocalyptic Images in Khalil's Poem in the Apocalyptic Images of the Bible
        Fatemeh Yousefi Seyed Hossein Seyedi Ahmad Reza Heydarian Shahri Kolsum Sadighi
        Apocalyptic literature can be considered as a kind of idealistic literature in which the poet-writer is dissatisfied with the current state of his society and the flow of affairs and seeks to create an ideal world, a world other than the present world, using his creativ More
        Apocalyptic literature can be considered as a kind of idealistic literature in which the poet-writer is dissatisfied with the current state of his society and the flow of affairs and seeks to create an ideal world, a world other than the present world, using his creative imagination. In this type of literature, anxiety and political, social and religious anomalies and the inability to overcome it focuses the poet-writer view to the future, thus the present time is the source and origin of his historical consciousness and evaluate the present time from the perspective of the future. In the present article, it is tried, while examining the apocalyptic images and their components in Khalil Havi's poetry by analytical-comparative method, to match those images with the apocalyptic images of the Bible, and also to examine the effect of Khalil Havi from the Bible. From the results of this research, we can point to these two points: First, Khalil Havi in his apocalyptic images of his poetry is completely influenced by the Bible. Secondly, Khalil Havi makes his promised paradise in this world. Manuscript profile
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        66 - A Comparative Study of the Prophetic Praises of Seyeda Nasfi and Safi al-Din Halli
        Ebrahim Fallah Mohammad Reza Hajian
        Muslim poets in Arabic and Persian literature have long presented valuable poems in the form of prophetic praise to the Prophet (PBUH), in addition to praising God which shows their belief and commitment to him. Considering that the Prophet (PBUH) is the founder of the More
        Muslim poets in Arabic and Persian literature have long presented valuable poems in the form of prophetic praise to the Prophet (PBUH), in addition to praising God which shows their belief and commitment to him. Considering that the Prophet (PBUH) is the founder of the religion of Islam and the Prophets Seal, it is necessary to investigate the mental and spiritual characteristics of that Imam through the lens of prophetic praise. Since the role and position of the Prophet (PBUH) as the jewel of prophecy in the system of existence has a particular importance. Muslim poets paid special attention to this issue in order to bless their poems and dedicated some of their poems to it. Because the souls of Muslim poets are full of heartfelt love for the Imam and in their poetry, they have sincerely spoken about the virtues of the Imam. The present study, using a descriptive-analytical method and citing evidence from the poems of these poets, has investigated a comparative study of Nasfi and Halli prophetic praises. Manuscript profile
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        67 - The brilliance of Persian language and words in the poetry Divan of Aashi Akbar
        Nayyreh Nazaria Mohammad Janatifar Seidakbar Ghazanfa
        10.30495/clq.2021.681933
        Iran and the kings of Persia, as one of the ancient civilizations of the planet, have been able to attract the attention of various nations, including the Arabs. Aashi Akbar, who was fascinated by this civilization and the behavior of the Persians, by traveling and prai More
        Iran and the kings of Persia, as one of the ancient civilizations of the planet, have been able to attract the attention of various nations, including the Arabs. Aashi Akbar, who was fascinated by this civilization and the behavior of the Persians, by traveling and praising the kings and great Iranians such as Kasra Anoushirvan and Shahpour, opened his place in the government and court of the Persians and his poetry was full of Persian words that he borrowed from the Persians and the way of writing and composing those words was exactly the same as what was common among the Persians. This research, which in turn is one of the special articles in the field of comparative literature and the adaptation between the two languages of Persian and Arabic, aims to express and shine the Persian language in other languages, especially Arabic by mentioning Persian words among the verses of poetry left over from Aashi. Manuscript profile
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        68 - Social Modernism in the Poetry of Mahmoud Sami Baroudi and Farrokhi Yazdi
        Mohammad Ali Salmani Marvast Mojtaba Ghanbari Mazidi Karim Keshavarzi
        The era of the movement or the Arabic contemporary era coincided with the constitutional era in Iran was the era of modernity in the social life of the Egyptian and Persian peoples. The transformation in the social life of these two nations in the contemporary era follo More
        The era of the movement or the Arabic contemporary era coincided with the constitutional era in Iran was the era of modernity in the social life of the Egyptian and Persian peoples. The transformation in the social life of these two nations in the contemporary era followed a change in the field of literature. With the literary transformation, new social issues also entered the literature. Mahmoud Sami Baroudi, an Egyptian prominent poet, and Farrokhi Yazdi, a Persian poet, are among the most famous representatives of modernity in this era who undertakes the induction of sensitive social concepts to provide the space for a desirable society. Baroudi by taking advantage of the common and consistent taste and following the critics of the West deals with the affairs of the people and corrects the shortcomings of the society. Like Farrokhi Yazdi, he focuses on issues such as justice, homeland, abandonment of humiliation, attention to poverty, opposition to oppression, and invitation to learning science as the central themes of his poems. This research seeks to analyze the social perspective and signs of innovation by descriptive-analytical method by mentioning the sample and at the end expresse the similarities and differences of each in this regard. Manuscript profile
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        69 - Critique and Study of Foreign Originated and Arabicized words in Qur'an in the mirror of modern linguistics
        Jamal Talebi Ghareh Gheshlaq Asgar Babazadeh Aqdam
        One of the topics that has been considered by Muslim linguists, commentators and Orientalists since the early centuries of Islamic history is the issue of non-Arabic words in Holy Quran. This issue is of very importance in the linguistic researches of Qur'an and has exp More
        One of the topics that has been considered by Muslim linguists, commentators and Orientalists since the early centuries of Islamic history is the issue of non-Arabic words in Holy Quran. This issue is of very importance in the linguistic researches of Qur'an and has expressed several viewpoints. Three main perspectives: for, against and in between are the result of the research of ancient linguists in this field. But the fact is that the linguistic sciences consider the existence of non-Arabic words in Qur'an to be a proven category. In the present article owning a descriptive-analytical approach, non-Arabic words in Qur'an are studied from modern linguistics' perspective. The most important finding of the present study is that non-Arabic words in Qur'an are undeniable and its denial is in conflict with the findings and ideologies of modern linguistics. Abovementioned words has entered the Arabic language hundred years before the revelation of Qur'an and have been adapted to the phonetic and morphological structure of Arabic language. On the other hand, the single origin of Semitic languages, of which Arabic is one, is another proof of the existence of words from the Semitic language family in Qur'an. Manuscript profile
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        70 - Secondary Meanings of Efaal and Tafeel and their Effects on Quran Translation
        Hadi Heidari Nia Samaneh Sadat Malek Sabet Ramezan Mohammadi Amin Salemi
        The present research studies new meanings of Efaal and Tafeel based on Astar Abadi, Ibn Hesham Ansari and Sībawayh views and ideas; also the mentioned verbs have been surveyed by acknowledging the necessity of attention and care in Quran translation and appropriate word More
        The present research studies new meanings of Efaal and Tafeel based on Astar Abadi, Ibn Hesham Ansari and Sībawayh views and ideas; also the mentioned verbs have been surveyed by acknowledging the necessity of attention and care in Quran translation and appropriate word selection by bringing samples of Elahi Ghomshei Quran translation. According to the importance of verbs role in Arabic language as well their role in translation to the target language it would be necessary to study all related aspects and issues to the verbs. One of these related issues in translation is Solasi Mazid. Manuscript profile
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        71 - Studying and analyzing the elements of alienation and loneliness and comparing them in the poems of Abd al-Wahhab al-Bayati and Simin Behbehani
        sa sa mahnaz bahrani
        10.30495/cls.2023.1983302.1406
        Nostalgia or the feeling of loneliness or sadness resulting from alienation from a psychological point of view is heartbreak and a person's longing for his past. This feeling appears as a manifestation of unconscious human behavior. Nostalgia, or feeling lonely and sad, More
        Nostalgia or the feeling of loneliness or sadness resulting from alienation from a psychological point of view is heartbreak and a person's longing for his past. This feeling appears as a manifestation of unconscious human behavior. Nostalgia, or feeling lonely and sad, manifests itself within the framework of longing for home, lover, family, happy childhood and adolescence, and favorable political, social, economic, and religious conditions in the past. The result of this research shows that Abd al-Wahhab al-Bayati and Simon Behbehani, as followers of the romantic school of contemporary literature (Arabic and Persian), used nostalgia as one of the basic and necessary foundations in their poetry and based on psychological sources and indicators are presented among the poets of nostalgia, although al-Bayati's words and feelings are more attractive and emotional Compared to Simin Behbehani. This research studies the poems of Abd al-Wahhab al-Bayati and Simon Behbehani with an analytical and descriptive approach based on library sources. Its aim is to discover the components of nostalgia and to know the intellectual and poetic lines of these two poets. Manuscript profile
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        72 - Investigating the reasons of non-mastering the Arabic literary dialogue of MA graduates of Arabic language and literature (Case study of Isfahan)
        Hamideh Mazbanpour Mohammad Reza Yusefi Mohammad Hassan Masoumi
        10.30495/cls.2021.679141
        According to the importance of learning Arabic dialogue and its position among MA graduates of Arabic language and literature, this study tries to examine the factors affecting the lack of mastery of Arabic literary dialogue among graduates of this field and evaluate th More
        According to the importance of learning Arabic dialogue and its position among MA graduates of Arabic language and literature, this study tries to examine the factors affecting the lack of mastery of Arabic literary dialogue among graduates of this field and evaluate the role of each of them after recognizing factors. To achieve this goal, a survey method was used and the tool of this research was the questionnaire of MA graduates of Arabic language and literature in Isfahan by census and its results were evaluated by SPSS. The results show that the factors affecting the lack of mastery of MA graduates in the literary dialogue of the Arabic language can be classified into four factors including: the ability to teach professors, the content of educational texts, educational method, and motivation of graduates. The results of the questionnaire show that all four factors are effective in learning literary dialogue, but which factor is done according to educational principles and which factor is not implemented according to educational principles, which is the reason for the lack of mastery of MA graduates on literary dialogue. Manuscript profile
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        73 - Poetry of Abu Al-Qasim Al-Shabi and its Quranic and romantic themes
        Siamak Asgharpour Atefeh Asghari Chenar
        10.30495/cls.2021.679146
        Since Abu al-Qasem Al-Shabi was born in a family in which the light of the Holy Qur'an had shone on its atmosphere, so he chose the Qur'an as a companion and managed to preserve it, and even influenced it in his social life and way of thinking. In a way that he made the More
        Since Abu al-Qasem Al-Shabi was born in a family in which the light of the Holy Qur'an had shone on its atmosphere, so he chose the Qur'an as a companion and managed to preserve it, and even influenced it in his social life and way of thinking. In a way that he made the style of his romantic poems closer to it. This is what prevented his poems from deviating from the Quranic teachings that this effect is often seen in his poems and themes. Relying on a descriptive-analytical method, this article aims to examine how the poet uses the teachings of the Qur'an and the subject of his hatred of vices and evils and praising the virtues and virtues in his poems which is allocated to the subject of nation and homeland in order to explain a source from which he has been inspired in his stances on various social and cultural events and situations by understanding Shabi verses. Manuscript profile
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        74 - Manifestations of Commitment in the Poetry of the Arab Spring Revolutions in Egypt (Analytical review of selected samples)
        askar babazadeh aghdam jamal talebii ghare gheshlaghi asma aljiaboushaieb
        10.30495/cls.2022.692158
        AbstractCommitment in literature means that the poet or writer uses his intellectual and literary talent and ability in the service of his community, expresses the pains and sufferings, hopes and aspirations of his people in an honest language and away from affiliation More
        AbstractCommitment in literature means that the poet or writer uses his intellectual and literary talent and ability in the service of his community, expresses the pains and sufferings, hopes and aspirations of his people in an honest language and away from affiliation and prejudice against the party or political tendency. Special portrayed. This thinking is the essence of committed literature. Accordingly, the poetry of the 2011 Arab Spring revolutions in Egypt is considered a committed poem, and after the decline of this type of poetry in the past decades, it has criticized the most important political and social issues during the rule of Hosni Mubarak. The present article seeks to study and analyze the manifestations of commitment in the poetry of the Arab Spring revolutions in Egypt shortly before and after 2011 in the poems of famous poets such as Abd- al Moati Hejazi, Farouk Gouida and Abd al Rahman al-ashmavi and some other anonymous poets. One of the most important findings of the study is that political tyranny as well as social problems such as poverty and unemployment have been the main reasons for the revolution of the Egyptian people. Therefore, committed poets opposed tyranny by focusing on tyranny and lack of civil liberties, and challenged it because of corruption in the administrative and governmental system. They also addressed social problems such as poverty and unemployment because of their attachment to society, and did not forget the leading role of poetry in awakening and calling for revolution. Manuscript profile
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        75 - Manifestations of Resistant Literature in Iranian Literature and Contemporary Palestine
        Mohammad reza Beigi mehdi mohammadi Khadijeh Safari kendsari
        10.30495/cls.2022.691934
        Language is undoubtedly the embodiment and symbol of the mind. Mental action is expressed when it comes to the stage of language, and expression is nothing but a combination of words and phrases. In fact, poets make their invisible minds visible and understandable in "w More
        Language is undoubtedly the embodiment and symbol of the mind. Mental action is expressed when it comes to the stage of language, and expression is nothing but a combination of words and phrases. In fact, poets make their invisible minds visible and understandable in "what to say" and "how to say". The occupation of Arab countries, including Iraq and Palestine, as well as the imposed war after the victory of the Islamic Revolution, were a great test for the field. Anyone could protect the homeland in any way he could. This current remains to this day and is necessary to preserve the values of sacred defense. The present article is descriptive-analytical and the research findings indicate that the language of contemporary stability poetry with persuasive functions has religious, epic, cultural and mythological themes, and using structures such as allusion, simile, metaphor, aberration, The archetype, etc. depicts the blowing of the spirit of morality and the strength and heroic authority with a suitable and eloquent tone and meaning for the audience. Manuscript profile
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        76 - The role of culture in teaching foreign languages (Arabic as a model)
        Seyederoghay Mehrinezhad
        10.30495/cls.2022.1913267.1291
        This research seeks to study the role of culture and its place in teaching the foreign language, its effect on learning the foreign language, and its effect on learning the Arabic language as an external language. In learning the external language, including Arabic, and More
        This research seeks to study the role of culture and its place in teaching the foreign language, its effect on learning the foreign language, and its effect on learning the Arabic language as an external language. In learning the external language, including Arabic, and its proportional use, the teaching of culture has not only influenced different contexts, but also in places where culture is taught with the external language, which is inevitable, we can use different methods.In fact, teaching the Arabic language outside the framework of the cultural destination language was not useful except that it accompanies some of the characteristics of the culture of that language’s society. Therefore, solving issues related to language and culture helps the quality of the process of teaching the Arabic language as an external language and achieves the scientific objectiveThe important point in learning a foreign language is that, given the culture trends of societies to learn foreign languages, we find that this approach is influenced by culture in the general sense of the word. This research, on the one hand, attempts to study the role of language and culture in teaching the Arabic language by looking at these two concepts. To achieve this goal, we have dealt with the theoretical investigations presented in this area and provide examples to illustrate the discussion. On the other hand, issues related to the process of language teaching and learning are studied in this field. In this research, we relied on the descriptive-analytical method. Manuscript profile
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        77 - A study on the role of early Arabic poems and dictionaries to explain the Quranic languages
        morteza safdari niak
        10.30495/cls.2023.1972336.1380
        The importance of the Qur’an is that it is the word of God and that it was issued for the guidance of mankind. Therefore, attributing a meaning to the words of the Qur’an is a dangerous matter that must be fully reassured, lest we fall into the dilemma of sl More
        The importance of the Qur’an is that it is the word of God and that it was issued for the guidance of mankind. Therefore, attributing a meaning to the words of the Qur’an is a dangerous matter that must be fully reassured, lest we fall into the dilemma of slandering God Almighty. The Arabic language is in eloquence, rhetoric, sweetness and gentleness to a degree that no other language can reach. And in the strangeness to the extent that with the increase and decrease in the movement or letter in the pronunciation, or in the modalities of the composition of the words from the introduction and the delay, the different meanings occurred because the Arabic language in rhetoric and eloquence has many provisions that are specific to this language, and if these considerations are used in another language, they Invalidate and useless. And after the conquest of the country and the mixing of the Arabs and the non-Arabs, forgetting the eloquent language is a possible matter. That is why some scholars in the early days of Islam composed Arabic dictionaries and cared about the language of the eloquent and the Arab rhetoricians, and cited the pre-Islamic poetry that was free from mixing with the non-Arabic language. Research on the languages of the Qur’an, especially the foreign ones, has been discussed among Muslims, and because the language of every people must be inferred from their eloquent speech, and this is one of the most important reasons for collecting eloquent Arabic poems. Manuscript profile
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        78 - The effectiveness of Binary oppositions and the structure of meaning in the poem of Abd –al wahhab al-bayati In light of the structuralist theory
        askar babazadeh aghdam jamal talebi
        10.30495/cls.2023.1967456.1375
        Dual contrasts are a kind of textual structure that the poet uses to reveal the harmony of contradiction within the text. This type of textual structure is one of the most important forms of expression in the poetry of al-Bayati, and she has used it significantly to exp More
        Dual contrasts are a kind of textual structure that the poet uses to reveal the harmony of contradiction within the text. This type of textual structure is one of the most important forms of expression in the poetry of al-Bayati, and she has used it significantly to express her thoughts, ideas and emotions. The present study, with a descriptive-analytical approach and criterion of Bayati's collection of poetic works, examines some important dual contrasts such as the contrast of death and life, me and the other, travel and return, love and revolution, homeland and exile, and the contrast of times. One of the most important findings of the present study is that the dual confrontations in Bayati's poetry have gone beyond a limited perspective, that is, word-for-word confrontation, and have taken on various political and social implications such as critique of the ruling hegemony and critique of the tragic situation of the Iraqi people. Regarding the contrast between life and death, research has shown that death, from Bayati's point of view, is necessary for the revitalization of Iraq. In contrast to me and the other, it was concluded that the other has played an effective role in expressing Bayati's wishes and desires and thoughts and ideas and deepening her innate will in different situations. In connection with the confrontation between the journey and the return, it was revealed that the Bayati journey was a journey in search of hope and the promised dream. Bayati established a link between love and revolution, Manuscript profile
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        79 - Commitment in Arabic literature (Al-Sharif Al-Radi and Ibn Maatouq Al-Hawizi, a balanced study)
        hossin javanmardi javad saadonzadeh Sohad Jaderi
        10.30495/cls.2023.1985853.1419
        This article aims, based on the descriptive analytical method, to examine the commitment aspects of the poetry of Sharif Al-Radi and Ibn Maatouq Al-Mousawi, because they are among the poets who reflected the commitment after he worked with them in their lives. Islamic a More
        This article aims, based on the descriptive analytical method, to examine the commitment aspects of the poetry of Sharif Al-Radi and Ibn Maatouq Al-Mousawi, because they are among the poets who reflected the commitment after he worked with them in their lives. Islamic and Qur’anic verses since their childhood, this development led to their distance from immorality and immorality, as they left pure and honest poems far from vulgarity and immorality.‌This article also aims to analyze the hidden meanings in their poetry through study and analysis, as well as trying to acquaint the recipient with some of the ideas of these two great poets. The expression of these teachings indicates that the poets have practically adhered to these values and called everyone to them from the depths of their heart. Ibn Maatouq used the art of embodiment, and in this way he gave his verses much vitality and activity. It refers to the incident of Ghadir Khumm and uses the element of imagination to describe the events of that day. It also refers to the verse of purification in some of its verses. Ibn Maatouq used the method of calling a lot, as he addressed the Prophet (PBUH) using the phrase (my lord) and the word (my lord), whose appreciation is my lord. Manuscript profile
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        80 - The impact of immigration on the poetry of the Diaspora and Palestinian poetry (a comparative study)
        habib keshavarz Mehdi Torkshvand
        10.30495/cls.2023.1964430.1372
        The poets of the diaspora and the poets of the homeless Palestine, both of them live outside their countries, and in addition to their feeling of alienation, they have a longing for their homeland. But the motives and reasons behind the migration of these poets differ; More
        The poets of the diaspora and the poets of the homeless Palestine, both of them live outside their countries, and in addition to their feeling of alienation, they have a longing for their homeland. But the motives and reasons behind the migration of these poets differ; The poets of the diaspora migrated to the countries of the North and South America of their own free will and in order to live a better life, and they may return - whenever they want - to their homelands. As for the poets of Palestine, they did not leave their country voluntarily. Rather, it was the Zionist occupiers who expelled them, and they did not return to their homeland. In this article, we try, using an analytic-descriptive approach, to study the effects of migration on the poetry of Palestine and the poetry of the diaspora, and to show the differences between these effects. The results obtained from this research work show that the different motives and causes of emigration have had a direct impact on the poetry of the poets of Palestine and the poets of the diaspora. The poets of the diaspora yearn for the homeland, but they do not return to it, begging for flimsy pretexts, and aiming arrows of criticism at the masses, while the poets of Palestine love their country and call the masses to struggle. In addition, the emotions of Palestinian poets and their feelings of longing for their homeland are truer. Manuscript profile
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        81 - A Comparative Reading of Hereditary Characters in Contemporary Arabic and Persian Poetry (Case Study of Adnan Al-Sayegh’s and Seyyed Ali Garmaroudi’s Poetry)
        MOHAMMAD GHAFOURIFAR mallek salemi
        10.30495/cls.2022.1919593.1377
        Re-reading hereditary characters is one of the foundations and new tools of expressing aesthetics on which poets rely to create their own images and innovations. Contemporary Arabic and Persian poetry have benefited greatly from hereditary characters, so that we are wit More
        Re-reading hereditary characters is one of the foundations and new tools of expressing aesthetics on which poets rely to create their own images and innovations. Contemporary Arabic and Persian poetry have benefited greatly from hereditary characters, so that we are witnessing the increasing use of these artistic tools by contemporary poets. Meanwhile, the Iraqi poet, Adnan Al-Sayegh and the Iranian poet, Seyyed Ali Garmaroudi have paid significant attention to hereditary characters. Accordingly, they have given human dimensions to their poetic purposes and inspired their artistic experience by being inspired by deep thoughts and reflecting on the issues of rich times. With their artistic and literary experience, the two poets linked the audience's cry to the hereditary characters in fighting against the world arrogance. Done via a comparative research method, and based on the American School of Comparative Studies, the present paper made significant results such as the two poets’ efforts to create an aesthetic instrument of hereditary characters to serve the literary subject and enrich the meaning. Linguistic expressions and the discovery of their insistence or emphasis are summarized. Therefore, the characters, in a norm-breaking manner, carry new meanings and semantic horizons in order to reduce the richness and inherent dimension of contemporary Arabic and Persian poetry and to keep the poems away from direct speech and interpretation. By using Islamic heritage personalities and heritage codes, the two poets seek to awaken a sense of national identity among the people in the face of aggressors. Manuscript profile
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        82 - Cinematic Image Patterns and their Implications in Zahran Al-Qasimi's Novel “Al-Qafar's Westernization”
        Zainab Daryanavard Mohammad Javad Pourabed rasol balavi Ali khezri Haitham Al-Suwaili
        10.30495/cls.2023.1984723.1415
        Recently, the modernist novel was based on the visual data taken from the visual arts, especially the seventh art, so the features of the cinematic image appeared in the narrative depth engraved on a large scale. Employing the visual image in the narrative has several e More
        Recently, the modernist novel was based on the visual data taken from the visual arts, especially the seventh art, so the features of the cinematic image appeared in the narrative depth engraved on a large scale. Employing the visual image in the narrative has several effects, which are reflected in the movements of characters and objects in the narrative space, or the framing of scenes depicted by specific techniques. Zahran Al-Qasimi's novel "Al-Qafar's Alienation" is considered one of the most important novels in which the writer uses vocabulary related to the cinematic language.This study relies on the descriptive-analytical approach to reveal the common windows between the cinematic elements and the narrative text, through which junctures emerge that include vocabulary that characterizes both arts. From this point of view, this study aims to show the extent to which vocabulary and narrative paragraphs are subject to cinematic techniques, and to emphasize the two functions of the snapshot; Reading and visual and the reflection of the semiological connotations of them, so the results obtained from this convergence is the transcendence of the fictional text towards the narrative text. With this work, the writer may give the recipient the opportunity to enter into a visual world that adopts the idea of depicting the scene and directing it. The focus of this study revolves around five techniques that intersect with the written narrative. Action and reaction shot, witness Manuscript profile
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        83 - Analysis in the Journal of "Studies on Arabic Language and Literature
        Marzieh Kohandel Jahromi
        Introduction: With reviewing of scientific production in any field, strategic planning could be conducted for policy research assessment, improve the quality of research activities and evaluate obtained promotions. This study aimed to analyze the content of published ar More
        Introduction: With reviewing of scientific production in any field, strategic planning could be conducted for policy research assessment, improve the quality of research activities and evaluate obtained promotions. This study aimed to analyze the content of published articles in the journal of "Studies on Arabic Language and Literature during the years 2010 to 2013”. Methods: In this descriptive study, the content of 93 articles published in the Journal of "Studies on Arabic Language and Literature during the years 2010 to 2013 and mention the most important subject areas in the field of Arabic language and literature and most of them were affiliated to Teshrin University. Manuscript profile
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        84 - The Victory Vocabulary in Al – Asf Al – Makoul
        Jahad yousef Ibrahim Al Arja Abdollah Yadollahi Farsani
        The present article studies the vocabulary relating to victory in Palestinian contemporary poets poetry in Al – Asf Al – Makoul. The present paper attempts to compare the type and the structure of these vocabularies which contain the concept of victory and t More
        The present article studies the vocabulary relating to victory in Palestinian contemporary poets poetry in Al – Asf Al – Makoul. The present paper attempts to compare the type and the structure of these vocabularies which contain the concept of victory and triumph in Quran and ancient poetries. In fact these lexicons divide into two parts: first the old words such as victory, triumph and so on and the other are the new ones which the Palestinian poet has apply them in order to depict the war and combat scenes such as missile, explosion, destroy and so on. Manuscript profile
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        85 - Call for Prophets Character and its Semantic Evolution in Palestine's Resistance Poetry
        Mohammad Hassan Amraei
        Call for ancient characters phenomena is one of the most important phenomenon which has had notable influence profundity and extension rather than its appearance. The religious and sacred parts are the richest in the field of traditional resources in which Mahmoud Darvi More
        Call for ancient characters phenomena is one of the most important phenomenon which has had notable influence profundity and extension rather than its appearance. The religious and sacred parts are the richest in the field of traditional resources in which Mahmoud Darvish could achieve all in the past and reach the present and future status. He expresses his constructive emotions in order to create ideal and dreamy future. The present paper studies the selective and called prophets and expresses symbolic and semantic reasons of these religious characters which have been introduced by Mahmoud Darvish. Manuscript profile
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        86 - A Research on Love and Motherland's Image in Abd al-Wahhab al-Bayati and Salah Abdel Sabour's Poetries
        Sakineh Saremi Geravi Seyyed Hossein Seyyedi
        Romanticism is an emotional reaction to wisdom and is a tendency to bold human's ego toward dreams, historical background as well as unknown lands. Freedom, naturism, emotion and excitement, historical and geographical travels are of the most important principles of thi More
        Romanticism is an emotional reaction to wisdom and is a tendency to bold human's ego toward dreams, historical background as well as unknown lands. Freedom, naturism, emotion and excitement, historical and geographical travels are of the most important principles of this school. Abd al-Wahhab al-Bayati and Salah Abdel Sabour are well known and capable Iraqi poets who both are pioneers in romanticism and homeland, love, nostalgia and homesickness are the obvious and apparent elements in their poetries. The mentioned elements express sadness and grief in their poetries and some assumptions are presented in this article: 1- Abd al-Wahhab al-Bayati and Salah Abdel Sabour are civil romanticism followers. 2- Geographical travel and escaping the living town to reach the hometown is obvious in their works. The aim of the present paper is to recover the method of romanticism's basics and fundamentals as well as expressing the similarities and differences of Abd al-Wahhab al-Bayati and Salah Abdel Sabour's Poetries with analytical – descriptive method to prove the abovementioned assumptions. Manuscript profile
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        87 - Hafez and Sayyid Qutb
        Jahangir Amiri Mohammad Fareqi Shad
        In addition to the religious works, poets Divan in which most are sonnets, has been remained by Seyyid Qutb – contemporary scholar and Quran researcher. He was familiar with Hafez poetries and according to the Arabic translation of his poetry, he fell in love with More
        In addition to the religious works, poets Divan in which most are sonnets, has been remained by Seyyid Qutb – contemporary scholar and Quran researcher. He was familiar with Hafez poetries and according to the Arabic translation of his poetry, he fell in love with Hafez’s and started praising him. This made him tend toward mystical poetries and being affected by Hafez, his poetry and his poetry. He knows Hafez’s as spiritual factor for Arabic poetry which rescues the poems of today’s philosophical and logical storm. Love in Sayyid Qutb’s poems exists so deep which mortal loves are not counted. The present paper studies common poetic concepts of Hafez and Sayyid Qutb’s poetries. Manuscript profile
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        88 - Comparison of the prophet job’s mask between Mahmud Darvish and Badr Shaker Sayyab
        firouz harirchi saeedeh birjandi
        Abstract This study aims to examine the use of religion heritage and application of the prophet job’s character mask. One of the important masks that have been used by contemporary poets is the prophet’s masks, especially the job of which the story exists More
        Abstract This study aims to examine the use of religion heritage and application of the prophet job’s character mask. One of the important masks that have been used by contemporary poets is the prophet’s masks, especially the job of which the story exists in the Quran. This character is a symbol of patience. Darvish and Sayyab are the most important poets who used the mask of this character.  Each of them used this character to express a special experience. Darvish Who suffered from occupying his country and getting refugee, used job’s character mask as a symbol for tolerance of that hardship. Also, Sayyab Who suffered from his illness and pain, used job’s character mask as a symbol for tolerance of that hardship. However, their ways differ in how to apply this mask in poems of these two poets. Each of them has some traits of this character that are relevant to their own mental conditions. Manuscript profile
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        89 - The place of proverb in Arabic literature
        Seyed Ismaiel Hosseini Ajdad
        Proverb is one of the most beautiful rhetorical arts which makes delivering discourse close to the target and stabilizes meaning for the addressee. It has some features such as word briefness, suitable meaning,nice similie,fast circulation,ability to brin More
        Proverb is one of the most beautiful rhetorical arts which makes delivering discourse close to the target and stabilizes meaning for the addressee. It has some features such as word briefness, suitable meaning,nice similie,fast circulation,ability to bring noticeable points closer to the reasonable ones and its acceptance by the public opinion. For this reason,this kind of innovative rhetorical art was spread about in Arabic literature and it became welll-known as Arabic wisdom and intellectual and literal heritage in the era of ignorance and Islam. The purpose of the proverbs is to inform people about good and bad result. Plenty of parable proverbs were spread about in the literature of different eras,particulary in the era of ignorance to demonstrate the vast experience of the deceased in the form of brief words to its addressee. Manuscript profile
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        90 - Relationships among the Contemporary Dialects and the Formal Language and their Effects on it
        Mahin Hajizade Farideh Shahrestani
        As the Arabic formal language is the national unifier that unites the sons of the Arabs, so that it is a common language and the one of the Holy Quran, ideological inherited, and the language of science and knowledge, vulgar dialects in different Arab countries, howe More
        As the Arabic formal language is the national unifier that unites the sons of the Arabs, so that it is a common language and the one of the Holy Quran, ideological inherited, and the language of science and knowledge, vulgar dialects in different Arab countries, however, differ to the extent that, for example, a man from one of the eastern Arab countries isn't able to find out the accent of an Arab from Algeria or  Morocco. And the linguistic problem in our era is that the formal written Arabic differs from the one applied in conversation and from vernacular dialects which don't live up to scholars' tongue and which are late models in substance and this problem isn't insoluble in this manner. And The prevalence of culture and facilitating knowledge for the people of Arab in the general form is sponsor to raise the level of  language to the extent that Arabic was at that level in diverse eras, Did not recognize periods of history from the era of linguistic duality in language. And perhaps the colloquial dialect, close to the formal language, was writing language and That is for the safety of its structures and the choice of its wording that was accurate in Arabic But it was released from the restraints of expression; so its speakers committed to housing in pictures and this is what they aspired in making the colloquial dialect close to the formal language. And this means that colloquial dialects may alter and be reformed and indelicacy guide you in it but it will soften but it will never be overcome and it must not be overcome because it is the source what we call eloquent of speech. On the other hand, replacing the formal language  with the colloquial dialect is a process that aims to break down the one nation indivisible to different linguistic entities which act to impede the achievement of Arab  Unity, and to cut links and close ties that formed over time thanks to one single language. Consequently, we must accept the direction that calls to a type of linkup  and unification between the formal language and the vernacular one. And this is what we are trying to clarify in this article. Manuscript profile
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        91 - Modernity Manifestations in Amal Donqol's poetry
        Hossein Elyasi Ali Akbar Moradian Qobadi
        Title is of special importance to semioticians. It is the main text and the paragraphs are derived from the main title. The relationship between the title and the phrases of the ode ore harmonized and are of cohesion and coherence. The title expresses all reasons of the More
        Title is of special importance to semioticians. It is the main text and the paragraphs are derived from the main title. The relationship between the title and the phrases of the ode ore harmonized and are of cohesion and coherence. The title expresses all reasons of the poet text and the verses only proof the title. Following the traditions is one of the most important techniques that a poet applies it in his poetry and makes his poet more active. The present paper studies the applied techniques in Amal Donqol's poetries in order to clarify this strategy's role in the poets' text and in depicting the poet's feelings and emotions. Manuscript profile
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        92 - Features of Passive Critics in Arabic Literature
        Ali Sayadani Mohammad Saleh Sharif Asgari Mehdi Shafaei
        Most of the researches do not differentiate between intuitive critic and passive one – in the field of features, applications and methods. This critical school is called emotional or passive critics which emphasizes aesthetics. Thus sensitivity is not the only app More
        Most of the researches do not differentiate between intuitive critic and passive one – in the field of features, applications and methods. This critical school is called emotional or passive critics which emphasizes aesthetics. Thus sensitivity is not the only appliance to wisdom but is a mean to inspire happiness or unhappiness feeling. Consequently the passive (critical) school is the result of action and reaction between art and sensation. The most important feature is responding the reader’s dreams, feelings and emotions. The present article is to study the passive critical features in the Arabic Literature. Manuscript profile
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        93 - A Research about some Persian Loan Words in Lesan-ol-Arab
        Ramezan Rezaie Parinaz Ali Akbari
        Each nation has something to proud and glory it, and this is the manner of Arabs who proud about their language and good style, and they maintained on their language because they sent their sons into Al Badaiy desert’ to keep their Arabic language, even with we ha More
        Each nation has something to proud and glory it, and this is the manner of Arabs who proud about their language and good style, and they maintained on their language because they sent their sons into Al Badaiy desert’ to keep their Arabic language, even with we have found in their language some  Arabic and  Loan words and from here it was our subject for investigating loan words in the book of (Lesan-ol-Arab) by Ibn-Manzoor So we have investigated some Persian loan words in this book  from the point of meaning. Then we have tried to refer each word into its language which is come from to show its meaning in this language and this what we have tried to show the trace of foreign languages on Arabic language and the range of its effect in it. Manuscript profile
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        94 - External sources of Jibran Khalil Jibran's view to death
        Habib Keshavarz
        Death is a natural phenomenon that has been talked by both ancient and modern literati. Contemporary literati have talked a lot about this and sometimes their opinions have been very different. Also, their view to death is deeper and more emotional than the past. Jibran More
        Death is a natural phenomenon that has been talked by both ancient and modern literati. Contemporary literati have talked a lot about this and sometimes their opinions have been very different. Also, their view to death is deeper and more emotional than the past. Jibran Khalil Jibran is one of these literati who have spoken a lot about death in his poems and prose and his view of this phenomenon is different from the view of the ancestors. Jibran who is one of the most famous literati of the northern mahjar and one of the members of Al-Rabeta Al-Qalamiya. In his view, in addition to his personality traits and the death of his sister and mother, he was also influenced by Western literati and schools including Nietzsche, Edgar Allan Poe and William Blake, and the school of Romantic and Romantic literati. He loved death, which was one of the influences of the Romantic school. He felt homesick in this world and believed that death would eliminate this homelessness, save man, and heal him. Manuscript profile
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        95 - Arabic Language & Literature's Manifestation in Amiri Firuzkuhi's Poetry
        Masoumeh Bakhsh Alizadeh
        Amiri Firuzkuhi is one of the Iranian contemporary poets who was born in Firuzkouh (1990 - 1984). He was completely affected by Arabic language; in a way that he has versed some odes in Arabic. This research studied the mentioned odes and calls the poet for the first ti More
        Amiri Firuzkuhi is one of the Iranian contemporary poets who was born in Firuzkouh (1990 - 1984). He was completely affected by Arabic language; in a way that he has versed some odes in Arabic. This research studied the mentioned odes and calls the poet for the first time "bilingual poet". It seems that Holy Quran was his first inspirational source which he was enjoyed terms and meanings both.  His poetries contain Arabic combinations such as expressions, verbs, nouns and proverbs without any mistake and error. He also mentioned some Arabic poets and authors among his works and compares them with himself. The article – descriptive – analytical method – attempts to introduce the above-mentioned poet and his works as a new sample of Arabic's effect on Persian language. It can be claimed that memorizing Holy Quran is the most important factor in Amiri Firuzkuhi's Arabic learning and fluency. Manuscript profile
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        96 - Immitation in ‘’Andelos”poem
        Hassan Shavandi Ali Kordi
        Many critics and researchers believe that Andelos poem is the continuation of Arabic poem in the East.This viewpoint comes from this matter that the East was the aspiration of the people in Andelos and they searched their ideal poem in Arabic East and con More
        Many critics and researchers believe that Andelos poem is the continuation of Arabic poem in the East.This viewpoint comes from this matter that the East was the aspiration of the people in Andelos and they searched their ideal poem in Arabic East and considered the eastern poem a model for the form and the contents of their poems. Therefore,poetical intentions in Andelos poem are the same poetical intentions in theEast, i.e.eulogy and elegy, lyric poem and glory, lyric poem and satire. As the contents of their poems were imitation of eastern concepts. Undoubtedly, the effect of atmosphere and the particular culture of Andelos was consciously or unconsciously felt in Andelos poem. Manuscript profile
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        97 - Semiotic study in a poem" in the Arabic Morocco
        Mohsen Seifi Masoumeh Hosseinpour Seddigheh Jafari Nezhad
        "Badr shakir sayyab " (1926-1964) is an outstanding contemporary Arabic poet whose poetry is a mixture of different types of literary,  historical, religious,  mythological and folkloric heritage. He builds his poem on the basis of antique texts and at the sam More
        "Badr shakir sayyab " (1926-1964) is an outstanding contemporary Arabic poet whose poetry is a mixture of different types of literary,  historical, religious,  mythological and folkloric heritage. He builds his poem on the basis of antique texts and at the same time,  he has a special concentration on both language and texture. He tries to convey both the concepts and structure of his work to the addressee smartly. One of his most important poems that enjoys the potential of various interpretations and different understandings is " fee-l maghrebe-l- arabi " (In Arabic Morocco).The present paper aims to study the poetries at two vertical and horizontal levels by applying a descriptive and analytical approach. Its attempt is to study some of its poetic features. Manuscript profile
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        98 - Of Holy Quran The Influeance And Hadith narrated from the Prophet and Ahl' Al- Beit in Mortaza's Hosseinian elegies.
        Mohammad Esmaiel Zadeh
            Mortaza and who was later on given the title Alam Al - Hoda by vizier Abu Said Mohammad Ibn Al-Hossein.    Mortaza has sung 14 short and long satirical poems independently and in total 696 verses, for his grand father Emam Hossein in these More
            Mortaza and who was later on given the title Alam Al - Hoda by vizier Abu Said Mohammad Ibn Al-Hossein.    Mortaza has sung 14 short and long satirical poems independently and in total 696 verses, for his grand father Emam Hossein in these touching elegies which he used to sing on the day of Ashura, he defended Shi'as basic thoughts and its ideals.    He has grown under the care of his mother Fatemah, in religious and shiites family. He learned the holy Quran by heart at period of infancy and learned the religious sciences.   We don't surprise that observe the influeance of Quran and hadith on Hosseinian elegies. In this paper, will be discussed the influeance of Quran and hadith on Hosseinian elegies. Manuscript profile
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        99 - Reform in Al – Rassafi’s Poetry
        علی نظری یونس ولیئی سیدمرتضی طباطبایی
        The social – political conditions were unorganized in the late 19th and early 20th and the people of the country suffered from the poverty, unawareness and the kings’ degenerate. “Marouf Al - Rassafi” – the famous Arab poet – (1876-19 More
        The social – political conditions were unorganized in the late 19th and early 20th and the people of the country suffered from the poverty, unawareness and the kings’ degenerate. “Marouf Al - Rassafi” – the famous Arab poet – (1876-1945) was well – known in cultural and literary fields. His poetry is about social problems such as people’s poverty, ignorance and unawareness, superstition under the religion cover, lack of democracy especially for women. He was committed to political issues and biased about the Ottoman’s corruption and Britain’s occupation and tried to aware people against the Britain’s goals. He invited people to peace and calmness, brotherhood and cooperation and humanity. Manuscript profile
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        100 - A Survey of the Phonological Observations of Sibeveyh from the Modern Linguistics Point of View
        Mahin Hajizadeh
        Speakers of different languages have paid attention to the phonetics of their language since ancient times. Muslim scientists have also taken into consideration the value of phonological studies and among them there are linguists who are not less important tha More
        Speakers of different languages have paid attention to the phonetics of their language since ancient times. Muslim scientists have also taken into consideration the value of phonological studies and among them there are linguists who are not less important than any western ones like Saussure, Chomsky and Jacobson. Some of them are even counted more major than westerners; one of these Muslim scholars is Sibeveyh. He is considered a forerunner of Arabic phonological studies and his works are the basis of later studies in this field. The present article surveys his point of views and analyses. Manuscript profile
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        101 - Manifestation of Hallaj's Mask in Abd al-Wahhab al-Bayati's Poetry
        Foad Abdollah Zadeh Ali Asghar Habibi Ali Akbar Ahmadi Chenari Mojtaba Behrouzi
        Poetic symbolization based on past symbols in order to create a romantic situation is one of the important poetic evolutions. Abd al-Wahhab al-Bayati is one of the modernism strongest poets in this field who could express his poetic approaches in the most effective way More
        Poetic symbolization based on past symbols in order to create a romantic situation is one of the important poetic evolutions. Abd al-Wahhab al-Bayati is one of the modernism strongest poets in this field who could express his poetic approaches in the most effective way by applying different symbols of dream. This article – which is done in descriptive – analytic method – studies symbolization and its importance in al-Bayati's poetry in general as well as analyzing Hallaj symbol. He has applies this symbol in many different poetries such as "Hallaj's Torture". The common points in two characters caused forming mask technique in the best way. Manuscript profile
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        102 - Farsighted Approach of Sheikh Mohammad Bashir Ibrahimiabout Revival of Arabic Language in Algeria
        Hayat Amare Maryam Jalaei
        Sheikh Mohammad Bashir Ibrahimi is one of the renowned performers of Algeria. He is also known in literature field and one of the famous writers in the country. For releasing people of Algeria, he established a terrific culture structure not only to revive freedom of Al More
        Sheikh Mohammad Bashir Ibrahimi is one of the renowned performers of Algeria. He is also known in literature field and one of the famous writers in the country. For releasing people of Algeria, he established a terrific culture structure not only to revive freedom of Algeria and save it from French colonization but also to return eminent place that Islam had granted to this area. Modernity was initiator of his activities and works. Not surprisingly, he struggles for reviving Arabian language, arranging it with today’s needs and securing it from decline and rollback; as a result, world of Islam, especially society of Arabs, would be secured from falling of Arabic culture and national identity, because language is the container of thought and culture. Hence, in present research, we review Sheikh Ibrahimi’s modern thoughts about Arabic language by descriptive analysis method to explain his insight. The most important result of the study is that Ibrahimi believes that arrangement of Arabic language with today’s development and problems and of course without separating it from ancestors’ values and heritage will result in revival and development of Arabic language at present time. Manuscript profile
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        103 - Symbolism in Western and Arabic Literature
        Seyed Amir mahmood Anvar Gholameza Golchinad
        It is obvious that literature means prose and poetry and makes no difference either by Arabs or non – Arabs. But symbolism in the Arabic concept has emerged since the emergence of the Dark era’s literature and is loaned from the specific characteri More
        It is obvious that literature means prose and poetry and makes no difference either by Arabs or non – Arabs. But symbolism in the Arabic concept has emerged since the emergence of the Dark era’s literature and is loaned from the specific characteristics of Dark era’s lives and is based on two elements: brevity and indirect speech. Since the symbolism has emerged like a literary school generally in the Western literature and specifically in the French literature, it is necessary to express the concept of Western symbolism as well as different eras of Arabic literature in the research of Western and Arabic symbolism. The author of the present article intends to mention the characteristics of symbolism in literature whether hidden in Arabic or Western literature. Manuscript profile
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        104 - National and resistance at Nizar Qabbani
        Seyyed Hosein Seyyedi Sakine Saremi Garavi
        Nizar Qabbani a poet of love, women and politics, was born in Damascus. It is more aljamahirin Arab poets in the Arab world made own language characterized by qualities and is no stranger to the language or have been borrowed from other languages. They are the same as t More
        Nizar Qabbani a poet of love, women and politics, was born in Damascus. It is more aljamahirin Arab poets in the Arab world made own language characterized by qualities and is no stranger to the language or have been borrowed from other languages. They are the same as those unable to several poets from processed and throw them difficult and not comply with the language of poetry, and in spite of all critical studies tend to label the poet of love or a poet of women and is because books many of the poems that belong to women and love to but with is is one of the most important Arab poets who crossed from the reality of the Arab political and social. Political poems reflect the political side and is reflected in the period in which the Thar Arab regimes prevailing through his hair. In this paper, we address side of politics and resistance noodles Manuscript profile
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        105 - A Study on Persian and Arabic Contemporary Poetry
        Seyyed Soleiman Sadat Ashkevar
        Traditionalists of European literature in the sixteenth century AD, were trying to restore that literary heritage due to technical and human theme of the ancient Greek literature since modernists began to confront the traditionalists by the the end of the seventeenth ce More
        Traditionalists of European literature in the sixteenth century AD, were trying to restore that literary heritage due to technical and human theme of the ancient Greek literature since modernists began to confront the traditionalists by the the end of the seventeenth century and invited them to avoid old formats and to define literature and poetry in another way. Since then, Persian and Arabic literature experienced changes that the main parts followed the West and its literary works. Literary and critical populations such as Jamaal Diwan and Apollo in the Arabic East and Ghalam literary forum and Andolos in the west rose against traditionalists and their literary works as, in Iran, many poets like Bahar, Adibolmamalek and others invited to new themes and subsequently Nimā Yushij established   a new era in poetry. Poem from the modernists’ point of view is derived from an independent character. Manuscript profile
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        106 - The Opposite Concept of Conditional Sentence, Description, Restriction and Goal from Syntax and Jurisprudence’s Viewpoint
        Abdoljabbar Zargoosh Nasab
        The implication way of lexicon on meaning is the most important lexical – verbal issues which is vital because of paying attention to jurisprudence. The relationship between Arabic language and jurisprudence is the result of religious contexts’ nature. The m More
        The implication way of lexicon on meaning is the most important lexical – verbal issues which is vital because of paying attention to jurisprudence. The relationship between Arabic language and jurisprudence is the result of religious contexts’ nature. The mentioned relation has been changed to another form followed by Arabic language division to other sciences such as syntax and created new relationship between syntax and jurisprudence. One of the common issues is the implication of sentence on opposite concept; opposite concept is the subjective implication of the sentence. A sentence which has been formed by syntactic devices or specific combination which sometimes implicit the opposite meaning with the verbal meaning that means opposite implication. Concept of opposite referent, limitation, condition, exception, goal or specific combination such as description. Jurisprudence scholars offer a type of deprive in division of term implication which title it opposition; it is of a vital importance in speaking about opposite values against linguistic systems. The present research studies various ideas and viewpoints about implication of a sentence on opposite meaning and the method is descriptive – analytical. Manuscript profile
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        107 - Intertextuality in the poems of Mahmood Darvish
        Marzieh Zare Zardeyni
        “Intertextuality” is one of the figures of speech in order to enrich Arabic literature poetry and prose to make their work eternal. The present article intends to study “Intertextuality” in the poems of Mahmood Darvish (1964-1983) to unders More
        “Intertextuality” is one of the figures of speech in order to enrich Arabic literature poetry and prose to make their work eternal. The present article intends to study “Intertextuality” in the poems of Mahmood Darvish (1964-1983) to understand the reasons of resistance of using this figure of speech in his poetry. Manuscript profile
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        108 - Poetry Image application in Omar Abu Risha Poetries
        Abbas Yadollahi
        The present paper surveys the most important poetries' depiction manifestations in Syrian poet works - Omar Abu Risha – and the analysis of its effect on Arabic ode structure. These images are of most important tools which a poet apply them to express his thoughts More
        The present paper surveys the most important poetries' depiction manifestations in Syrian poet works - Omar Abu Risha – and the analysis of its effect on Arabic ode structure. These images are of most important tools which a poet apply them to express his thoughts and opinions such as Muslim nations' expectations especially Syrian people. The most important and common images are: repetition, opposition, dictation and exclamation. These poetry images were usually different from their main meanings and imply a second meaning. The conclusion of the present research is that such depictions added value to the poets' works in a way that his works are more distinguished than others'. Manuscript profile
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        109 - A Comparative Study of the Origins and Effects of Estrangement and Alienation in Arabic Literature
        hosein shams abadi mehdi momtahen
        Abstract: Both estrangement and alienation press in certain mental and physical complications in man’s life and force him to experience mental deficiency, and feel a lack of positive communal or individual sense of belonging. However, the Jahili sense of these te More
        Abstract: Both estrangement and alienation press in certain mental and physical complications in man’s life and force him to experience mental deficiency, and feel a lack of positive communal or individual sense of belonging. However, the Jahili sense of these terms is quite different from their modern application. In the Jahili period, old age and senility are the main reasons for such inconveniences which would well reverberate all through a poet’s being and work. These poets, then, would treat their problems in peculiar ways. Some would surrender and some would violently push themselves and their poetic expression to extreme limits. Introversion and extroversion are the key moves assumed by either group. However, modern Arab writers, unlike their Jahili counterparts, experienced imperial and colonial hegemony since the beginning of the 17th century, and were introduced to extreme changes in life style and world views. This overwhelming alien influence has been remodeled in the form of a more repressing global force. The crushing mark of such influences has led to great waves of migration and self-denial among Muslim and Arab elites who have failed to reconcile themselves with a heritage and legacy once firmly established in the spirit of human life. Manuscript profile
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        110 - The Expatriation with Nazok al Malaekat
        mehdi Momtahen Hosein Shams Abadi
        If we take the concept of Expatriation in a broad sense, we find that it had accompanied man since ancient, ///And its guidelines has been clarified in the first instance through the binaries shown in character and subject, and thought and existence, as w More
        If we take the concept of Expatriation in a broad sense, we find that it had accompanied man since ancient, ///And its guidelines has been clarified in the first instance through the binaries shown in character and subject, and thought and existence, as well as nature and spirit./// This is, in the fact of its essence, and that is not unless logical consequence of the previous equation that is called the "unity of thought and existence."/// If we come to the medieval world, we'll see that it is to take the religious character "indicating the theory of creation from the nothingness accompanied by the care"/// And the theory of creation out of nothing, is "an expression of absolute power."/// As "care" refers to superiority of human, and to distinguish man from all other creatures./// Hence arose a new bilateral that is "God and Science" the biggest share in the Islamic concept to a vast extent./// If we look for the dimensions of the experience of alienation with Nazok al Malaekat through her biography, and prose and poetry in an era more than a third of a century, we find that Nazok al Malaekat has gone through several types of alienations/// Each has its own nature and distinguished character, according to the technical phase that the poet was going through. Manuscript profile
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        111 - The Egyptian Dialect and its Change
        Hossein Mohammadian Hossein Mirzayi Nia Abbas Ganjali Jafar Aboodi
        Since the true understanding of each dialect depends on an understanding of language changes, this paper discusses the historical course of language in Egypt and the linguistic features of the Egyptian dialect based on historical linguistics. What this paper takes into More
        Since the true understanding of each dialect depends on an understanding of language changes, this paper discusses the historical course of language in Egypt and the linguistic features of the Egyptian dialect based on historical linguistics. What this paper takes into consideration is the presence of Arabic in Egypt before the advent of Islam and discusses the extent of its impression from the other languages in that era, e.g. Coptic etc. However, after the Islam emerge and the conquests, the Egyptian language departed from its origin, Coptic, and replaced it with Arabic, and gradually the Egyptian vernacular superseded the standard dialect over time. Current Egyptian vernacular is a mixture of different languages, and has derived mostly from other languages such as Coptic, Greek, Persian, Turkish, Italian, Aramaic, Hindi, Latin, French, Spanish, Phoenician and English. Manuscript profile
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        112 - Thinking about Death and its manifestation in Samih Ghasem works
        Hamed Sedghi Rasool Zare'
        Death is one of the main issues in Samih Ghasem works; because he paid special attention to it in his works. The present paper studies his ideologies about death as well as his motivations on expressing this issue. His aesthetic view strengthens resistance spirit in his More
        Death is one of the main issues in Samih Ghasem works; because he paid special attention to it in his works. The present paper studies his ideologies about death as well as his motivations on expressing this issue. His aesthetic view strengthens resistance spirit in his hometown fellows and causes changing in their view point on death. This article has been done in descriptive – analytic method and focused on his poetry. At last we have found out that death has two aspects from his point of view: intuitive and calculated. Then studied this phenomenon from political, national and ethnic aspects and decoded the aesthetic view about death and expressing its realities. Manuscript profile
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        113 - Realism in Nizar Qabani’s Political Poems
        Hussein Shamsabadi Mahdi Shahrokh Asghar Molavi Nafchi
        Nizar Qabani, a great modern Arab poet, is best known for his poetry on women and politics. However in his political poems there are some conspicuous realistic veins which reflect the special effects of geography, customs, religion, traditions, and though More
        Nizar Qabani, a great modern Arab poet, is best known for his poetry on women and politics. However in his political poems there are some conspicuous realistic veins which reflect the special effects of geography, customs, religion, traditions, and thought across the Arab world on Realism as a literary school. The mission of Arabic literature is to reflect the realities of Arab societies, which are partly different from their western counterparts naturally due to their peculiar characteristics Manuscript profile
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        114 - A Glimpse at the Advent and Evolution of the Arabic Novel
        Mohammadhadi Moradi Azad Moonesi Ghader Ghaderi Rahim Khakpoor
        Since its advent in 1867,the Arabic novel has been under the influence of two factors. One factor is longing for the past, the other one is infatuation with the west and submission to its hegemony. In early 20th century, some novels were written in response to public ta More
        Since its advent in 1867,the Arabic novel has been under the influence of two factors. One factor is longing for the past, the other one is infatuation with the west and submission to its hegemony. In early 20th century, some novels were written in response to public taste and Arab culture. This novel is considered by critics of fiction to be a turning point in the path of Arabic fiction. At the same time western standards and rules were copied in the composition of novels. However the Arabic novel entered its major phase of development in the 1960’s. Manuscript profile
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        115 - Expressing Social and Ethical Concepts of Satire from Ahmad Behjat Viewpoint
        Mohammad Tayefeh Khani Sondos Kord Abadi
        Ahmad Behjat – Egyptian Writer – is one of the satire pioneers in Arabic proses. He as a writer, journalist and editor – in chief of "Radio & TV" journal is familiar with people's pains and suffers as well as world's messy conditions. His satire wo More
        Ahmad Behjat – Egyptian Writer – is one of the satire pioneers in Arabic proses. He as a writer, journalist and editor – in chief of "Radio & TV" journal is familiar with people's pains and suffers as well as world's messy conditions. His satire works – as a social and ethical critic – are critics of nations' existing conditions and their weaknesses. The aim of the present article is to express and propose social and ethical manifestations in Ahmad Behjat's satire works; initially a brief description about satire is written and then studies his social and literal life followed by social ethical concepts derived from his works in order to introduce his and show his sensitivity to Arabic and Egyptian world. Manuscript profile
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        116 - The Image of the Woman in Nizar Qabbani and Hossein Monzavi's Poetries
        Zeineh Arfat Pour Ali Mozaffari
        Various poets and authors have studies the subject of woman in different eras. Woman's role is prominent in literature; hence she has played as a beloved in poets' poetries since long time ago as well as her different roles in Arabic and Persian literatures. Qabbani is More
        Various poets and authors have studies the subject of woman in different eras. Woman's role is prominent in literature; hence she has played as a beloved in poets' poetries since long time ago as well as her different roles in Arabic and Persian literatures. Qabbani is famous for his poetries on "women" and is pioneer in this field in Arabic contemporary poetry. Monzavi – Iranian contemporary poet – who may be known as the poet of women as well because he also knows woman as the main subject in his poetries. It could be claimed that common issues in Qabbani and Monzavi are remarkable from form and concept view point. Thus this article intends to compare the image of the woman in these two poets' poetries in descriptive – analytical method. Manuscript profile
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        117 - Quranic Intertexuality in Sa'adi's poetry
        Kheriyeh Echresh Ammar Sorkheh Sayed Yusif Nejat Nejad Mahmood Reza Tavakkoly Mmohammady
        Persian literature especially and world literature generally are proud of having a unique and gentle poet who associated word literature with values of humanity; the meanings and values which beautifies literary summits and associations. By following poetic associations More
        Persian literature especially and world literature generally are proud of having a unique and gentle poet who associated word literature with values of humanity; the meanings and values which beautifies literary summits and associations. By following poetic associations - in anywhere of the world - which has superior feelings and elegant emotion, a footprint of Sa'adi would be found. By studying and researching about this poet we have found out that he versed many poems (Ode) in Arabic. When the poetry have been distinguished,) were surprised about his ability in saying poem in Arabic and creating art through Arabic and Persian poem. We found out that many meanings of poem in his Odes are distinguished by Qur'anic culture. Therefore it is remarkable to state that some of intertexual texts in his poetry have some kind of  implications of Quranic intertextuality. Manuscript profile
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        118 - A Research on Arabic Terms in Nominated Contracts of Iran's Civil Law
        Bahram Dehghan Rasoul Abafat
        Iran's laws are originated from the spirit of Islam and the high frequency of applying Arabic terms and words is clear to everyone. Civil law is one of the most important laws which contains lots of Arabic terms. The author of the present study, surveys the Arabic terms More
        Iran's laws are originated from the spirit of Islam and the high frequency of applying Arabic terms and words is clear to everyone. Civil law is one of the most important laws which contains lots of Arabic terms. The author of the present study, surveys the Arabic terms in civil law because of their importance position as a MA student in private rights and selects some of terms in accordance with their importance and frequency. One of the achieved outcomes is the readers' lack of knowledge on some words, their structure and pronunciation which may result in making mistake in telling the correct form of the term or word. Manuscript profile
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        119 - The Teaching Pack “Sadal-hayat” to teach Arabic in Iran (Definition and critique)
        Ali zeighami Ali Reza Taghawi
        The Teaching Pack “Sadal-hayat” (echo of life) is 13 educational books written by a number of Iranian authors under the supervision of Dr. Masood Fekri and printed the first time by Iran Language Institute in Tehran in 1385. St. / 2006 as well as books, More
        The Teaching Pack “Sadal-hayat” (echo of life) is 13 educational books written by a number of Iranian authors under the supervision of Dr. Masood Fekri and printed the first time by Iran Language Institute in Tehran in 1385. St. / 2006 as well as books, software and other supplementary files by the same institute namely: “Nadal-hayat” and “Shathal-hayat” and “Shahid wa Taallam” and “Majmoa Qesaseyah” and “Al-moghtatefat”. Then we set the Teaching Pack “Sadal-hayat” and proved that despite some shortcomings plaguing them first complete an Teaching Pack for teaching Arabic conversation to the Iranians where the communicative approach followed and enjoyed all the features of the educational group. Manuscript profile
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        120 - The Position of Palestinian Literature in Jabra Ibrahim Jabra's Works
        Hussein Shamsabadi fereshteh afzali Asghar Moulavi Nafchi Parviz Lakzaeeyan Fakoor
        Jabra Ibrahim Jabra, one of the most prolific Arab authors, has enriched the Arabic library and the mind of his audience by first functioning as a link in a rich chain of past cultural, artistic, and literary heritage; and second by reflecting the modern Arab intellectu More
        Jabra Ibrahim Jabra, one of the most prolific Arab authors, has enriched the Arabic library and the mind of his audience by first functioning as a link in a rich chain of past cultural, artistic, and literary heritage; and second by reflecting the modern Arab intellectual's classical mindset. He has a multifaceted career as a short story writer, novelist, critic, poet, playwright, and painting. His fictional style has scarcely been studied. He has printed seven novels and one story collection. Manuscript profile
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        121 - Opposition Eloquence in Ahmad Matar's Political Poetries
        Ali bagher Taherinia Hossein Elyasi
        There is a strong relationship between Ahmad Hasan Matar – Iraqi poet - and religious, social and political issues. His poetry expresses the dominant atmosphere on nations. He has enjoyed various Arabic eloquence techniques including rhetoric science in order to b More
        There is a strong relationship between Ahmad Hasan Matar – Iraqi poet - and religious, social and political issues. His poetry expresses the dominant atmosphere on nations. He has enjoyed various Arabic eloquence techniques including rhetoric science in order to beautify the text. Opposition technique is the one in which something expresses and then any opposition of the subject would be expressed accordingly. The present article intends to study the opposition eloquence in Ahmad Matar's works in a way that initially describes opposition technique in theory and then tries to survey some of the existing opposition techniques in the abovementioned poet's political poetries. The results show that Ahmad Matar has applied opposition technique to express his political purposes and indicate the society's problems. Manuscript profile
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        122 - The image of the heroes of resistance in the ritual of Mozaffar al-Nawab's poems
        Mehdi Shahrokh Abolhassan Amin Moghaddasi
        Mozaffar al-Nawab, an Iraqi contemporary left-wing Shiite poet, has never praised a king or a rich man in his poems, rather, the heroes summoned in his poems are mainly people and poor people who have been oppressed, or are martyred commanders for whom Mozaffar has not More
        Mozaffar al-Nawab, an Iraqi contemporary left-wing Shiite poet, has never praised a king or a rich man in his poems, rather, the heroes summoned in his poems are mainly people and poor people who have been oppressed, or are martyred commanders for whom Mozaffar has not demanded worldly wealth, position or purpose, or even the intercession of the Hereafter. This article seeks to name the most important resilient personalities called in the poems of Mozaffar al-Nawab and to express the position of al-Nawab towards them. The results of this study show that most of these personalities have sacrificed their most important capital, i,e their lives, for the sake of their lofty goals, and have been martyred or killed by their own will. In the view of the Nawab, they are all extraordinary men who have a kind of unparalleled struggle and courage in defending the right and fighting the wrong. Al-Nawab has a trans-factional view to these characters. Manuscript profile
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        123 - Contemporary Arabic Language; Formation to Education
        Fatemeh Sharifzadeh Yazdi Mohammad Jannatifar
        Language is in fact the pronounced facts and points which most scholars and researchers agree them. They always are applied to express the meanings and is waster than speech and discourse; because the discourse implies the pronounced mysteries which are made of vocal pi More
        Language is in fact the pronounced facts and points which most scholars and researchers agree them. They always are applied to express the meanings and is waster than speech and discourse; because the discourse implies the pronounced mysteries which are made of vocal pieces and parts or one vocal part minimum; the words sit in one single syllable. Chinese language and its different accents involve in it as well as some Semitic words which relate to Shem - son of Noah – and Arabic, Semitic and Hebraic. But Persian does not include Semitic words at all, it is one of the Aryan languages which is arrogated to Aria and imputes to Iranians. Manuscript profile
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        124 - Ahle Beit Mourning in Lebanese Christian Contemporary Poetry
        Seyyed Nezameddin Mortazavi Abdolreza Atashi
        The present paper is looking for expressing one of the most important human's phenomenon: mourning; one of the types of the poetries which has a close relationship with humanistic, social and natural tendencies. The poets paid special attention to mourning since years a More
        The present paper is looking for expressing one of the most important human's phenomenon: mourning; one of the types of the poetries which has a close relationship with humanistic, social and natural tendencies. The poets paid special attention to mourning since years ago as well as the contemporary era. The Lebanese contemporary poets also paid special attention to the majesty of this great family. This article attempts to study Ahle Beit Mourning in Lebanese Christian Contemporary Poetries and analyzes the literary techniques applied by those poets. Manuscript profile
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        125 - The myth of Arabic grammar formation
        Mehdi Momtahen
        Some linguists believe that word in Arabic language was initially based on one syllabus; orators have changed them according to the special countries, tribes and societies. They have contrived special acumen for any prefixes, suffixes and affixes addition. Some other li More
        Some linguists believe that word in Arabic language was initially based on one syllabus; orators have changed them according to the special countries, tribes and societies. They have contrived special acumen for any prefixes, suffixes and affixes addition. Some other linguists believed that word was initially formed based on three letters, and thus different accents and languages were ramified of that. Arabic can be known as the master of languages because it has lived a long life. It became so strong that barely one can disappear any trace of it.The present article attempts to discover and spread the Arabic grammar and its formation in this language. Manuscript profile
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        126 - The impact of Holy Quran on Arabic language and literature
        Hossein Rahmani Tirkalaei
        Apart from the noteworthy spiritual effects of the Qur'an, Arabic language and words have been greatly influenced by the revelation of the Qur'an. Although the Qur'an and its content have been analyzed and studied in different periods, but its effect on Arabic words and More
        Apart from the noteworthy spiritual effects of the Qur'an, Arabic language and words have been greatly influenced by the revelation of the Qur'an. Although the Qur'an and its content have been analyzed and studied in different periods, but its effect on Arabic words and language has not been analyzed separately and by mentioning details. The present article has been written for examining the effect of Qur'an on the Arabic language and its words. One of the most important results is the integration of dialects and the emergence of new interpretations and the preservation of Arabic language and its continuation, and the storage of various books on the Qur'anic sciences and the Arabic language and others. In this article, a historical and comparative method is used, which includes collecting documents on its subject. Manuscript profile
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        127 - Social Consideration Of Amin Al-Reyhani
        Maryam Hashemi
        Amin Al-Reyhani has argued about poverty and lack of education and science between people. He believes that if a nation lives in darkness and unawareness its properties and wealth will be spoiled. Amin Al-Reyhani is a Lebanese scholar who has attempted to reform his o More
        Amin Al-Reyhani has argued about poverty and lack of education and science between people. He believes that if a nation lives in darkness and unawareness its properties and wealth will be spoiled. Amin Al-Reyhani is a Lebanese scholar who has attempted to reform his own and other Arabic societies.  Manuscript profile
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        128 - Historical place with three contemporary Arab thinkers Mohammed Abed Jabre, Mohammed Arkoun and Mohammad Talebi
        حبیب عشایری
        Mohammed Arkoun criticizes Muslim tradition considers a prerequisite for real freedom and Mohammed Abed al-Jabri it "considers innovation crisis that can not be resolved unless a critical review and present our traditionJabre your purpose of such tradition states that t More
        Mohammed Arkoun criticizes Muslim tradition considers a prerequisite for real freedom and Mohammed Abed al-Jabri it "considers innovation crisis that can not be resolved unless a critical review and present our traditionJabre your purpose of such tradition states that the purpose of the tradition in the same way that in the discourse of modern and contemporary Arabic movement is known, the same belief and religion, language, literature, art, theology, philosophy, SufismIslamic tradition Abed al-Jabri see is: a set of ideas, legislative and sciences that are expressed in language and format that at the time of compilation (the first three centuries AD) and then writtenWith the establishment of the Ottoman Empire in the tenth century, the last manifestation of the movement stopped and sat on the beach.Arkoun to refer to the concept of tradition and contemporary research themes characterize it. But, according to Mohammad Talebi relationship between religion and politics in Islam is one of the four main topics of our times.Other topics include: interpretation of the Koran, religious knowledge and religious debate. However, it seems that the greatest topic of discussion in the work of the Taliban;What dialogue within Islam and what Islam dialogue with other religions is a historical survey method. Manuscript profile
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        129 - An Identity-Centered Approach to Russia’s Balanced Policy toward Islamic Countries in the Middle East: A Case Study of Iran and Saudi Arabia (2011-2020)
        Sayed Razzagh Moghimi Davoud Kiani Mahdi Javdani Moghaddam
        10.22034/sej.2022.1957305.1451
        The purpose of the present research is to study effective criteria on Russia’s policy towards Islamic countries in the Middle East after Arab revolutions. In this regard, the main research question of the current study is: what factors have led Russia to adopt a b More
        The purpose of the present research is to study effective criteria on Russia’s policy towards Islamic countries in the Middle East after Arab revolutions. In this regard, the main research question of the current study is: what factors have led Russia to adopt a balanced policy towards Islamic countries in the Middle East during 2011-2020? Moreover, the research relies on the hypothesis that during that the above time period, Russia, on the one hand, assisted Shi’ite groups led by Iran to fight against excommunication (Takfiri) terrorism, and on the other hand, expanded its relations with Sunni Muslim countries in order to prevent stimulation of religious fundamentalism in its Muslim republics. The current study which was conducted by a descriptive analytic method in the theoretical framework of constructivism, presents a rather distinctive analysis of the essence of Russia’s relations with middle eastern Islamic countries after Arab revolutions. The results indicate that since Arabic revolutions in 2011 and formation of new groups in the regional and international level in the Middle East, especially the Syrian crisis that initiated a new stage in Russia’s relations with the Islamic world, Moscow has attempted to adopt a balanced policy towards Islamic countries in the Middle East to remove the danger of Islamic extremism, avoid tension with those countries and reinforce relationship with them. Therefore, it is expected that Russia highlights the role of Islam in its foreign policy and that Russian politicians show more interest in constructive collaboration with middle eastern Islamic countries. Manuscript profile
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        130 - Comparison of the Structure of the Anecdotes of Majnat al-Nawadir Banbani and Baharestan Jami with Emphasis on their Sources
        Raana Javadi Alireza Ghojezade Zahra Soleimani
        10.30495/dk.2022.1961570.2535
        In Persian literature, there are many works with the titles of " Majma 'al -Qasas", " Majma 'al-Nawadir "and so on. Valuable and influential works that, along with popularity and acceptance, have played a significant role in the formation and consolidation of stories an More
        In Persian literature, there are many works with the titles of " Majma 'al -Qasas", " Majma 'al-Nawadir "and so on. Valuable and influential works that, along with popularity and acceptance, have played a significant role in the formation and consolidation of stories and storytelling in Persian literature. Among the anecdotes of these books, there are less anecdotes created by the author himself, perhaps most of the authors took the anecdotes from previous sources or the works of his contemporaries and translated them according to the desired theme with artistic ability and in accordance with the common style of his time.Majma 'al-Nawadir is a collection of anecdotes, narrations and parables written by Faizullah ibn Zayn al-Abidin ibn Hussam Banbani, known as Sadr Jahan (d. 907 AH) during the reign of Mahmud Shah Bigara (863-917 AH). In this work, Banbani has used his contemporary or previous sources. One of these sources is Baharestan Jami (with 28 common anecdotes and narrations). The main source of these anecdotes in Arabic and Persian texts was also found in the previous studies of these two authors. Such as books of nathr aldur fi almuhazarati, Tazkerat al-Hamduniyah, muhazarat al'udaba'. Persian sources have a smaller share of this frequency. Despite the commonalities of these two works, Banbani did not pay attention to brevity and Jami to simplification. There are many differences in the expression of the concept of anecdotes. Manuscript profile
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        131 - A study and analysis of some Arabic words from the book of Takmeh al-Asnaf Karmini
        seyed mphamad amiri
        Manuscript profile
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        132 - Reflection of the pre-Islamic Arabic poems, in Khajavi Kermani’s Poems
        tpraj Zeynivan zeynab Manouchehri
        The adaptation of pre-Islamic Arabic poems, is not limited to Persian poets in the fourth and fifth centuries, instead the poets have used it in the sixth or seventh centuries, in order to take advantage of the deal. Khajavi Kermani, a famous poet of the eighth century, More
        The adaptation of pre-Islamic Arabic poems, is not limited to Persian poets in the fourth and fifth centuries, instead the poets have used it in the sixth or seventh centuries, in order to take advantage of the deal. Khajavi Kermani, a famous poet of the eighth century, has been  influenced by  two different approaches of pre-Islamic poems; at first, he has adapted of pre-Islamic poems in the field of  standing and weeping over the ruins of the beloved and addressing cameleer, traveling and particularly describing the displacement expressed separation sad parting of friends. Although his creation of innovative and imaginative images has created on the undeniable atmosphere in the pre-Islamic lyrics, and the second,  he has made innovative in this field by  romantic storytelling to name a famous brides in the pre-Islamic poems, mirth-making, and addressing the butler in the mystical approach. He has used secular, financial meanings in the mystical ways, in order to create the fundamental evolution in this field. Manuscript profile
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        133 - Eco-friendly Synthesis of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles using Arabic Gum
        Saeid Taghavi Fardood Ali Ramazani Sang Woo Joo
        Manuscript profile
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        134 - The Manifestations of Dystopia and its features in ‛Alī Kan‛ān’s poetry
        Ayad Neissi Naser Zare Rasoul Balavi
        Dystopia, corrupt city, or bitter reality literature is a result of prevailing social and political variables and events. The poet in dystopia depends on the community or the city, and the main factor for the emergence of dystopian elements in the poetic structure. Dyst More
        Dystopia, corrupt city, or bitter reality literature is a result of prevailing social and political variables and events. The poet in dystopia depends on the community or the city, and the main factor for the emergence of dystopian elements in the poetic structure. Dystopia manifested itself in the poetic works of ‛Alī Kan‛ān in a remarkable way, and we also reveal the mental and spiritual dimensions of dystopia from various angles, by applying them to examples of ‛Alī Kan‛ān poetic texts, in order to reveal the connotations of this literary phenomenon. This article relies on his study of all kinds of dystopian literature in its poetic lines and then mentions its characteristics and influence in his poetic output, so that we look at the characteristics of this environment in which he lived, and that we arrive accurately at the writer's vision about the corrupt city. Based on this, the research seeks to identify the role of human, social, political, and economic events, which play an important role in obtaining the new meanings of ‛Alī Kan‛ān’s poetic texts and the diversity of their meanings in terms of dystopian literature, with an approach characterized by a descriptive, analytical and the library research method. In this research we concluded that the poet strived in his literary works to give us an honest picture of the corrupt city and its negative impact on society Manuscript profile
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        135 - Methodological Analysis of ”Arabic literature through history”book written By Dr Huda Al-Tamimi From a Historical and Political Perspective.
        Davood Ahmadi Mohammad Ebarhim Khalifa Shushtari
        Abstract:Writing in relation to the history of literature, like all kinds of writing, has been evolved with the development of culture. Type of writing books, including the history of literature has also changed with the extention of knowledge branches and specializatio More
        Abstract:Writing in relation to the history of literature, like all kinds of writing, has been evolved with the development of culture. Type of writing books, including the history of literature has also changed with the extention of knowledge branches and specialization of studies and the necessity of publishing new research findings. The old history of literature which has been collected by biographies of poets and authors and also has been expressed their advantages and disadvantages based on her words, but the new books with new techniques are written along with analyzing and measuring political and social condition. This paper analyses the methodological analysis of”Arabic literature through history” book written by Dr Huda Al-Tamimi and methodological shortcomings history of literature in the Arabic literature books. In this research, first the current methodologies are analysed with analysis of history of literature books, then will be compared the Dr Huda Al-Tamimi methodology and current methodologies meaning of problems in the literature history. The method of this analysis is based on the descriptive – analytic method with adaptation and comparison and is reviewed from the views of the authorities of literature history. The aim of the author from the compilation of the book was provide the brief information a bout historical periods of Arabic literature which has grown in social, cultural and political base. It can also said that the method of writing the book was based on the method of contemporary Arab historians and it was historical aspect based on political division. Manuscript profile
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        136 - Phonological Changes of Arabic Loanwords in Persian Language
        Ahmadreza Khajehfard Hasan Shavandi Shahram Modarresi Khiabani
        Arabic loanwords are subjected to changes including phonological changes, in Persian language. Are changes of Arabic loanwords in Persian rule-governed? Are these changes subject to phonological rules? In the present article, types of phonological changes in Arabic loan More
        Arabic loanwords are subjected to changes including phonological changes, in Persian language. Are changes of Arabic loanwords in Persian rule-governed? Are these changes subject to phonological rules? In the present article, types of phonological changes in Arabic loanwords are studied according to Generative Phonological Theory of Chomsky and Hale known as SPE which has revised constantly by generative linguists. Generative phonology is a part of Generative Grammar that assigns appropriate phonological representations to speeches in a way as if they are reflections of embedded grammar of vernacular speakers. The most important constituents of this theory are: layers of phonological representation; phonological rules; derivations; distinctive and linear features. The article follows an analytic-descriptive method. In the first place looks, as a necessary background, to phonological structure of Arabic and Persian. Then, studies types of phonological changes in Arabic loanwords: assimilation, dissimilation, deletion, metathesis, compensatory lengthening together with examples in each case. Consequently, this study shows that Persian speakers as speakers of other languages, make mostly phonological changes in Arabic loanwords in order to become consistent to Persian phonological system. Manuscript profile
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        137 - A Jungian Archetypal Criticism of 'adrakha al-nessian' (Overtaken by Oblivion) by Sana al-Sha'lān
        Samaneh Moosapoor Yusef Hadi pour Sayyed Ebrahim Arman
        Archetypal criticism of Jung is one of the most important contemporary literary criticisms. Archetypes were first presented by Carl Gustav Jung, with reliance on the research in the fields of psychology, anthropology, religion, and history of civilizations. Jung defines More
        Archetypal criticism of Jung is one of the most important contemporary literary criticisms. Archetypes were first presented by Carl Gustav Jung, with reliance on the research in the fields of psychology, anthropology, religion, and history of civilizations. Jung defines archetypes as the universal mental images existing within the individual and collective sub-conscience and named their representations as the myth. The novel 'adrakha al-nessian' (Overtaken by Oblivion) is written using postmodern techniques and includes literary techniques such as: stream of consciousness, impressionism, and traveling in time. This novel narrates the story of a young red hair and red face girl, who has been raised in a nursery from the very beginning. As the story progresses, she faces many problems and, in the end, the author depicts her at the age of 60. By reading this story, we notice the obvious presence of many psychological aspects. Al-Sha'lan's works have always been included within the list of best literary works in both national and international ceremonies, and we can also witness the existence of archetypes within this novel. This paper, using the descriptive-analytic method and the psychological criticism approach, tends to examine the archetypes effective in the mentioned novel. As the results demonstrate, archetypes such as: Anima, the old sage, and self, have affected the flow of occurrences in this novel, helping to create the proper form and theme of narration. Manuscript profile
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        138 - A Cognitive study of happiness concept in Persian and Arabic languages (comparative study
        Somayah Mohammadi Salah-Aldin Abdi Mohammad Amin Sorahi Morteza Ghaemi
        Happiness includes a range of soft and intense emotions and enjoying a subject up to happy feeling in life. Forasmuch as a part of happiness concept is structured by language data in addition to literatures, art, custom, etc., we use cognitive metaphor as an effective t More
        Happiness includes a range of soft and intense emotions and enjoying a subject up to happy feeling in life. Forasmuch as a part of happiness concept is structured by language data in addition to literatures, art, custom, etc., we use cognitive metaphor as an effective tool for analyzing language which is one of mind aspects. Cognitive metaphor is attributed to understanding and expression of an abstractive concept based on a more physical concept. In this research, we study data according to Kovecses cognitive theory and intend to find the way of speakers thinking about happiness, understanding and their similarities and differences in the mentioned languages. Importance of cognitive study of this data is that it systematizes their different and scattered range according to names mapping and also accurate cognitive pattern. Data of this research show that derivative feature of Arabic language provides a wide vocabulary variety for happiness conceptualization in this language as if some metaphors of Persian language compared with Arabic samples have more distance with general metaphors and bears further and complicated special cultural features. Also in connection with the metaphor of "happiness is up", "distance from the earth" in Arabic can be more prominent than in Persian. Manuscript profile
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        139 - The Significations of Motif in the Poems of Ali Jafar al – Allaq: A Case Study of Motifs of Grass and Song and Wind
        Bayn Ghamari Alireza Mohammadrezaei Hossein Elyasi
        Motif is a structural phenomenon that carries the aesthetic and expressive functions in contemporary Arab poetry and is considered the key to accessing the poetic world and its intellectual system. Ali Jafar al–Allaq has his own poetic land, and he is very keen to More
        Motif is a structural phenomenon that carries the aesthetic and expressive functions in contemporary Arab poetry and is considered the key to accessing the poetic world and its intellectual system. Ali Jafar al–Allaq has his own poetic land, and he is very keen to be distinguished and unique from his peers in the generation of the sixties (of the twentieth century). Motif is an essential component of building poetry in the relationship and its presence, on the one hand, expressing the poet's insistence on a particular idea, and on the other hand, it acts as an attacking device in which the reader is able to capture the semantics of the text. This research took it upon himself to tackle the subject of motifs by relying on the descriptive-analytical method and by selecting motifs of 'grass, wind, and songs' from the poetic lexicon and studying them under the shades of semiotics, whose tasks include studying the system of signs. What emerged from this research is that these motifs are an insignificant part of the poetic composition, and some of them have mythological and epistemic roots, and are the poet's means of creating poetic decor. Such as: the herb or to build the paradox between the past and the present, and the herb is the herb of immortal Gilgamesh, to which the poet depends to embody the destabilization of Arab reality or the fading of Arab will. The death of the song and the wind are frequent motifs in the poet's poetry, which carry different indications. The poet used the motif of the song in the framework of the so-called correspondence between the senses to embody the Arab place of death, loss and dispersion. And the wind is a symbol of a yearning for life and a yearning for sweet memories in his childhood. Manuscript profile
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        140 - A comparative study of themes of city lament in Andalusia and the Arab Mashreq
        Sayedeh Mohtaram Shabpabisheh Sayed Babak Farzaneh Marzieh Gholitabar Alireza Bagher
        Comparative Study in Elegies of Andalusia and the Arabic EastAbstract Lamentation of cities in Arabic literature means crying over cities that have been ruined following wars and seditions or all kinds of natural disasters. This kind of lamentation always in Andalusia a More
        Comparative Study in Elegies of Andalusia and the Arabic EastAbstract Lamentation of cities in Arabic literature means crying over cities that have been ruined following wars and seditions or all kinds of natural disasters. This kind of lamentation always in Andalusia and the Arabic East has been one of the most important poetic goals, because has been consistent to the song of political events and transformations, and has reread the events. This research using descriptive-analytical method is seeking for introduction of some of these elegies, and review of the contents existing in the poets of both regions and explaining the common and distinction points of them. According to the findings of this research, there are deep commonalities in the thoughts of Andalusian and the Arabic East poets that its origin is sociopolitical status. On the other side, upon study on the lamentation of cities, it is observed that description of civil, glory and prosperity of cities before destruction, implies on the compassion and regret over the loss of blessings and religious emotion including the common themes in the lamentation of poems of these two lands. Yet, there are differences between them, for example in the elegies of Andalusia against Arabic East elegies, we observe supplication and passion and longing for the homeland. Altogether, it is said diversity of contents in the poems of Andalusians is deeper and more effective, although in this issue, the Easterners have priority. Manuscript profile
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        141 - The space of coffeehouse in Persian and Arabic novels: Ahmad Mahmood and Abd al-Rahman Munif
        Yadollah Malayeri Mojtaba Omranipour
        This study examines coffeehouse as a fictional space in the novels of Ahmad Mahmood, and Abd al-Rahman Munif. If space, on the one hand, is equal to the world, situation of entities, things and deeds, and on the other hand, a scale to measure knowledge and ontological, More
        This study examines coffeehouse as a fictional space in the novels of Ahmad Mahmood, and Abd al-Rahman Munif. If space, on the one hand, is equal to the world, situation of entities, things and deeds, and on the other hand, a scale to measure knowledge and ontological, sociological and cultural relations, the coffeehouse in the examined novels in this study is extract of this equality and scale. This focus on coffeehouse for the comparative study with the aim of opening a window for the dialogue between Iran and Arab world as well as to establish improvement of coexistence and multilateralism and justifies choose of the two writers, for their attention to the coffeehouse and values this study seeks. specially in Mahmood's novels hamsāyehā (neigbours), dāstāne yek shahr (the tale of one city) and zamine sukhte (burned earth), and Abd al-rahmān Munif's penta-volume modon al-milḥ (cities of salt), and triple novel of arḍ al-sawwād. This comparative study benefitted from achievements of two American and Russian literary schools that focus on similarities and inconsistencies of literary works and relationship between literature and other spheres of knowledge. This study has three section: 'coffeehouse: location and textual function'; 'coffeehouse and tradition' and 'coffeehouse and history'. At the end, reaches to the result that this space has considerable artistic and cognitive role in the examined novels and is one of the most important constituents of the story that helps writers via knowing its location and its relation to the history and tradition in the text, to convey aesthetic and epistemological messages to the reader. Manuscript profile
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        142 - Investigating the effect of T. S. Eliot on the poetry of Yusuf al-Khal
        Ali Najafi Ivaki Mina Mohmmadi
        Undoubtedly, many contemporary Arab poets were influenced by Western literature, and the traces of world-renowned poets such as T. S. Eliot, left in that literature. Eliot's famous poem, The Waste Land, with its tragic aspect had great influences on the contemporary Ara More
        Undoubtedly, many contemporary Arab poets were influenced by Western literature, and the traces of world-renowned poets such as T. S. Eliot, left in that literature. Eliot's famous poem, The Waste Land, with its tragic aspect had great influences on the contemporary Arab poets, especially after the occupation of Palestine and in the time of the socio-cultural crisis of the Arabs, because they imagine that their land is the same as Eliot's the waste Land. They expect water to revive their life. It can be said that the unfortunate reality of the political and social conditions of the Arab countries has been the main reason for inspiring the mentioned poets from the devastated land. Meanwhile, the Syrian-Lebanese poet Youssef al-Khal is among those who have been influenced by Western literature, especially Eliot. He founded a magazine called 'Poetry' and caused a new development in the concept of poetry in the Arabic language, which undoubtedly influenced the literature of the West, especially Eliot himself. In the light of the importance of the issue and its pivotal role in understanding the poetry of Yusuf al-khal, in particular, and contemporary Arabic poetry, in general, the present study tries to reveal Eliot's influence on the thought, view and poetic form of Yusuf al-Khal through a descriptive-analytical method. One of the most important achievements of this research is that Yusuf al-Khal's concept of poetry is in line with Eliot's poetic concept in areas such as the application of historical or mythical induction, depicting the problems of a generation and a nation, Christian or Tamuzi approach. Manuscript profile
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        143 - The analysis of myth-making in Fawziyya Abu Khalid's poem
        Moslem Khezeli Mina Pirzadnia
        Myths as historical memory of human beings, embedded lots of cultural, social and ideological components of different nations. Since myths have an unbreakable bond with literature, they are suitable tools for poets to grant their poems a symbolic color and transfer thei More
        Myths as historical memory of human beings, embedded lots of cultural, social and ideological components of different nations. Since myths have an unbreakable bond with literature, they are suitable tools for poets to grant their poems a symbolic color and transfer their themes to the audience with secret and literary language. Fawziyya Abu Khalid is one of the innovative poets of Arabic literature who has much information about the history and mythological culture of other nations. She uses skillfully and various kinds of myths in her poems to create different and new literary style.  This article tries to investigate the methods calling the myths based on an analytical-descriptive method in Fawziyya Abu Khalid's poem and show the amount of employing myths in her poem through statistical data. Based on the research findings, Abu Khalid uses three ways of repeating the narrative, changing the narrative, and recreating the myth for myth-making in her poem. She has taken a long step towards modernization and creation of her distinctive and specific poetic language by combining tradition and modernity to express her knowledge of Arab world issues, women's conditions, and concepts such as love, patriotism, and freedom with such a style. Manuscript profile
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        144 - Content and Statistical Analysis of Articles in the Quarterly Rays of Criticism in Arabic and Persian from the First Volume to 23
        Mahin Hajizadeh Masoud Bavan Pouri Maryam Daryanavard
        As articles and other scientific products are growing at an accelerating process in Iran and the world, there is an urgent need for standards to evaluate and compare scientific publications. This will be achieved through scientific assessment, Science that benefits from More
        As articles and other scientific products are growing at an accelerating process in Iran and the world, there is an urgent need for standards to evaluate and compare scientific publications. This will be achieved through scientific assessment, Science that benefits from information analysis. The academic Quarterly of Rays of Criticism in Arabic and Persian is considered as one of the most important journals in the field of Arabic language and literature in Iran which has been published in 27 volumes. This Quarterly has published 179 articles from 345 writers with distinguished university degrees and 44 universities and educational institutions. The subject of 45 articles, which means 25/13percent ison Persian literature and this contradicts the purpose of the Quarterly, which relied on Persian literature to identify it to Arab countries.This study focused on a statistical and analytical study of the number of authors of articles and their degrees and the extent of cooperation between them and the centers and institutions which cooperate in the quarterly. In this study, descriptive statistics method has been used. It means, Average,frequency and percentage are calculated, then the results are presented in charts and graphs.The research instrument is a statistical survey using SPSS version 16. The following results are obtained:50 articles were written individually, 129 articles were written jointly, Which 91 of these joint articles were written by  the authors from the same university and 38 articles written by the authors from different universities.HadiNazari has the most articles with 7 papers. Half of the articles are devoted to criticism and analysis of texts. 34 articles were written by the editorial board with an average of 18/9, which is acceptable.   Manuscript profile
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        145 - Aesthetics of Repetition in Yahya Samavi’s Divan, "Ghalilake…… La Khathirahonna"
        Yahya Ma'aroof Noor Al-din Parvin
          In a literary text, repetition is attractive both literarally and semanticly. Literally, repetition is  an element of creating harmonic, musical tone in the text as it causes emphasis on the meaning and its further implications. Repetition as one of the mos More
          In a literary text, repetition is attractive both literarally and semanticly. Literally, repetition is  an element of creating harmonic, musical tone in the text as it causes emphasis on the meaning and its further implications. Repetition as one of the most important rhetorical figures has received special attention by contemporary Arab poets. Among these poets is Yahya Samavi, Iraqi poet living in Australia, whose divan entitled "Ghalilake ……… La Kathirahonna" has been composed about his wife and sufferings of his country which have been ever his real source of griefs, sorrows and memories.  Using descriptive-analytical method, the present study aims to study aesthetics of repetition inYahya Samavi’s divan in terms of lexicon repetition (singular lexicons, lexicons related to nature, antonyms, and pronouns) and phrases repetition (repetition of independent sentences, of title of odes, of different styles,of  interrogatives and vocatives). The results suggest that the poet has shown his own sorrow and sadness for living far from his homeland Iraq, using repetition which is the main structure of the divan. The results also show that there is complete propriety between repetition figure and meaning of verses. Manuscript profile
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        146 - Short Story in Arabic and Persian Literature: Case Study of Literary Works by Abd-al-Samee'a Bensaber and Javad Saeedipour
        Abd- al-Ali Alebooyeh Langeroodi Zoheir Jansiz Vesam Roomieh
          Short story is one of the newborn literary genres that has drawn special attention of  literary men and researchers to itself in recent years because of its general effect on literature and its special influence on reader of a literary work. This articl More
          Short story is one of the newborn literary genres that has drawn special attention of  literary men and researchers to itself in recent years because of its general effect on literature and its special influence on reader of a literary work. This article investigates short story comparatively in Arabic and Persian literature. The aim of this paper is to discover latent aspects of short story in Persian and Arabic literature. The authors are going to compare short story in   the two languages through studying factors related to birth of short story and also the opinion of critics in this literary field. Findings of this research show that critics of both languages agree to some extent about definition of short story and its narrative elements. This important conclusion has been obtained through analyzing samples of short stories in Arabic and Persian literature. And these critics have considered various names for this literary genre. The only difference existing in short story is its length. According to analytical- descriptive approach and library sources, the present study is to recognize narrative elements in elected samples and to define quality of its application in order to show how narrative spirit has been actualized in it.   Manuscript profile
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        147 - Color Signification in Yahia Alsamawy ’s Poems
        Marziyeh Abad Rasoul Balavi
        Color displays the aesthetic aspects of a work of art ,considered as one of its vital elements in artistic structure having a direct implications of the poet's artistic vision, and in most cases, refers to the poet's feelings, being a source of vitality and activity, co More
        Color displays the aesthetic aspects of a work of art ,considered as one of its vital elements in artistic structure having a direct implications of the poet's artistic vision, and in most cases, refers to the poet's feelings, being a source of vitality and activity, comfort and reliability, symbolic of the different feelings of sadness and joy. Due to its  artistic, psychological, social, and symbolic implications, colors are deemed as  the most beautiful phenomena of nature, art and poetry as well as a  constituent elements of the poetic image. color should be studied in the context of the poem since the poetic texture  determines their effectiveness. This paper is based on descriptive, and statistical analysis, the study of color and its implications in the poetry of Iraqi poet Yahia Alsamawy. The purpose of the census is to paint and show off their poetry. Alsamawy is amongst the greatest poets who has abundantly investigated the symbolic function of colors in his writings. The results of this study has shown that most frequently applied colors   in his poems are respectively: green, white, black, red, yellow, and blue.   Manuscript profile
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        148 - A Critique and New Look into the Emergence of Modern Poetry in Iraq
        Toraj Zeinivand
        Emergence of any literary movement, whether poetry or prose, needs a suitable environment. Appearance of epic among the Greek and the Iranian implies this fact that birth of each literary phenomenon is impossible in vaccum atmosphere, but they need special circumstances More
        Emergence of any literary movement, whether poetry or prose, needs a suitable environment. Appearance of epic among the Greek and the Iranian implies this fact that birth of each literary phenomenon is impossible in vaccum atmosphere, but they need special circumstances and means for their development and evolution. Movement of free verse developing in Arabic lands was in fact reaction to artistic, social, political and cultural needs of these countries. Birth of this movement was in Iraq but not in other Arabic states because this country had higher ability and readiness for it in addition to a rich literary heritage due to dominance of autocracy and colonialism than other Arabic countries. However it seems that the main and distinct reason for birth of free peotry in Iraq has been its pioneers' ability to be influenced by movements  which dominated European and western literature, though it may be possible that literary men of this country have known about Persian free verse and its evolutions which has been more due to Iraqi modern peotry.  Manuscript profile
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        149 - Hadith of Isa Ibn Hisham; Borrowing from Heritage and Mutual Relationship with West
        Tayebeh Seyfi Behzad Heshmati
        Literature severely needs innovation and renewal to exit from weakness and inanition mood and there must be a strong connection between renewal and literal- cultural heritage. The renewal must prepare context to create new literal genres in addition to utilizing positiv More
        Literature severely needs innovation and renewal to exit from weakness and inanition mood and there must be a strong connection between renewal and literal- cultural heritage. The renewal must prepare context to create new literal genres in addition to utilizing positive aspects of other cultures. So, this type of renewal is positive. Hadith of Isa ibn Hisham, essay of Mohammad Al Mavilhi is considered as the most significant literary essay in the field of renaissance which  is published at the end of 19th century. This renaissance essay is reasonable and could prepare ground for creating new literal genres like story and novel. It is hard to consider this book as a special literary genre because it contains properties of old Arabic literature and also western modern literature simultaneously. So, Mavilhi didn’t completely have commitment to any form of modern literature and traditional shapes of Arabic literature until this book is counted as beginning of story and novel in contemporary Arabic literature.The  present paper is going to investigate this essay and its structural and content to explain aspects borrowed from heritage on the one hand and signs of renewal in this work on the other hand. Investigation of this work shows clearly that in compilation of this book, the writer was inspired by Maghamat among his own heritage as he used new western achievements, i.e. story and novel as his pattern in writing. So this book has a strong relation with Maghamat and has similarity with novel or story in some aspects.  Manuscript profile
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        150 - Investigating Imagology of America in Ahmad Matar's Poetry
        khalil parvini seyed hosein hoseini
        Nowadays as we live in the era of globalization and communication, governments and statesexert all their efforts in order to achieve political, economic, cultural etc., objectives, to improve their prestige and to represent a positive image of themselves to attract the More
        Nowadays as we live in the era of globalization and communication, governments and statesexert all their efforts in order to achieve political, economic, cultural etc., objectives, to improve their prestige and to represent a positive image of themselves to attract the others. This is one of the political tools that the colonial governments, particularly United States, which attempts to extent its universal occupation: in particular, through the cultural invasion in the third world countries. On the contrary, weaker nations react against this action and resist.Now, this political theorem has become a cultural phenomenon and has been represented vividly as one of the cultural elements resulting from interaction between community and its social duty and function. Regarding this, the present study deals with imagology to investigate the America image in the poems of Ahmed Matar, the contemporary Iraqi poet, which suffered from his country’s occupation by America? Also, he had been the observer and witness of all problems and crises caused by it and challenges, murder, and crimes carried out by this country in Iraq and in the Middle East. The results of study demonstrate that Ahmad Matar had a dual view on America's government and represents a troubled and anti-Americanism image of this country by citing several reasons including: colonial dealing and military occupation, humiliating the nations and plundering their wealth, supporting the Zionist, cultural invasion, imposing mercenary rulers on the people, conspiracy, betrayal and deceit, interference in the affairs of the countries and other crimes.However, poet's vision to American nation is dual and fluctuates from the positive to negative. Manuscript profile
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        151 - Teaching Arabic Language in Iran
        Mohammad Nabi Ahmadi Ali Salimi
         It is Necessary to know that the curriculum of teaching  a language isn't a local science, so we must utilize these new Teaching methods in the world. The old methods need to  be developed and changed constantly so that we may not be faced with  the More
         It is Necessary to know that the curriculum of teaching  a language isn't a local science, so we must utilize these new Teaching methods in the world. The old methods need to  be developed and changed constantly so that we may not be faced with  the challenges of the new methods. For example, learning the second language according to the old methods like Grammar Translation Method is out of date in the world but we still use this method in spite of knowing the fact that it is useless. A glance at the English books and comparing them with the modern books indicates that there are attempts to modernize it. This essay tries to draw a picture of the desired situation to learn Arabic language in Iran. This aim can't be reached unless we know the situation of this language in Iran and its methodology  in order to establish its practical bases. We must understand the defects of our educational systems and  the reasons why our students can't speak Arabic fluently. Manuscript profile
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        152 - Child Lamentation in Poetry of Egyptian Poet Ibn-e- Nabata and Khaqani Sherwani
        Abd-al- Qader Pariz Hamed KamaliMaskooni
        Egyptian poet Ibn-e- Nabata is one of the poets of Mamlooki era who witnessed the death of his beloved ones including his own wife and children and composed elegiesdescribing this event and its influence on him. Ibn-e-Nabata’selegy for children's death is true des More
        Egyptian poet Ibn-e- Nabata is one of the poets of Mamlooki era who witnessed the death of his beloved ones including his own wife and children and composed elegiesdescribing this event and its influence on him. Ibn-e-Nabata’selegy for children's death is true description of separation andpain for the loss of his children. So his elegy is sung with such a painful heart that is near to explode from great sadnessas if he is about to die. On the other hand Persian poet KhaqaniSherwani has told Elegy for death of hisdarlings and relatives. KhaqaniSherwani lost his son, Amir Rashid Al-Din and his death made him to compose elegy in his elegiesmost famous of whichbeing Taranom Al-Masaeb(The Songs of Sufferings). This study aims to compare the lamentation and its characteristicsinKhaqani and Ibn-e- Nabata’s poems based on American comparative literature school. In this regard, the below questions are discussed and responded: What is the view of two poets in their elegiacodes? Who is superior in this area? What are the similarand different aspects of their mournful poems? General result of this article shows that Khaqani surpasses his Arabic counterpart lamentation singing for his son since human feelings are depicted more fully in his composition than Ibn-e- Nabata's. In addition, he is innovative in this genre of poetry.  Manuscript profile
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        153 - Nazik al-Mal’ika and her Poetic Inventiveness
        Hussain Shamsabadi Mahdi Momtahen
        This article probes the career of the Iraqi poetess Nazik al-Mal’ika who earned a vital role in modern Arabic poetry from 1940’s through 1960’s. This lady entered a literary battle traditionally undertaken by men and actually did prove her creativity a More
        This article probes the career of the Iraqi poetess Nazik al-Mal’ika who earned a vital role in modern Arabic poetry from 1940’s through 1960’s. This lady entered a literary battle traditionally undertaken by men and actually did prove her creativity and originality and secured for herself an unimpeachable status in the canon of Arabic literature. Nazik is the Iraqi representative of the romantic school of poetry that is based on creativity and not imitation. Nazik was responsible for an evolution in this school which had virtually reached Iraq late. Nazik was one of the pioneers of poetic transformation. Such transformation had already spread across many countries around the world. This fine poetess championed the propagation of originality, novelty, and criticism in Arabic poetry. Nazik experienced cultural and sexual discrimination in a conservative family and society dominated by male chauvinism which deprived women from self-expression. Nazik could not attend literary clubs and gatherings and in compliance to public opinion was inhibited like other women from integrating with men in social contexts. Manuscript profile
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        154 - Comparative Criticism and Investigation of Maqamat of Hamedani and Hariri
        Ali Asghar Habibi
        Maqameh is declared as one of the most important literary techniques in Arabic literature. The main cause  of this importance must  be searched in the goal that writer of Maqameh fallows it , and that is teaching methods of expression in addition to  prof More
        Maqameh is declared as one of the most important literary techniques in Arabic literature. The main cause  of this importance must  be searched in the goal that writer of Maqameh fallows it , and that is teaching methods of expression in addition to  profiting of literal equation and vocal contradictory and musical Rhythmic methods adorned by  kinds of different orders of creativity .in addition of mentioned items , we must not forget the role of narration and plot  in fulfillment of different instructional goals and explanation of social , cultural and Folklore questions. The most famous writers of Maqamat in Arabic literature are Badieozaman Hamedani (inventor of Maqameh technique) and Hariri . Later this method with all of fablic, instructional technical dimension’s influence in persion literature with expansion of Arabic maqamat circle and exit from Arabic frame work. Meanwhile we can find the best manifestation of this effect in Hamedani’s Maqamat. In this paper, the writer tries to specify artistic and literary powerful report, technical, subjective, instructional, social, cultural, literary Arabic’s Maqamat. Manuscript profile
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        155 - Arabic Language and Its Place among Other Semitic Languages: A Study and an Evaluation
        Muhammad Saleh Sharif Askari
           This research is an attempt to discuss the intention in choosing Arabic language as the best living language and the most perfect among Semitic languages to introduce Islam and reveal the Glorious Book of Allah through a survey of the views of the experts i More
           This research is an attempt to discuss the intention in choosing Arabic language as the best living language and the most perfect among Semitic languages to introduce Islam and reveal the Glorious Book of Allah through a survey of the views of the experts in Semitic languages and their branches, speakers, different stages of development and their relationships with each other. The article also studies the elements which distinguish Arabic from other Semitic languages, such as its principles, inflections, lexical variety, and manners of discourse, and give it the power to express the most subtle and delicate issues. Moreover, the article shows the reason of the merits of Arabic language which distinguish it from other languages and make it the most perfect among Semitic languages in content and form, to be finally the medium of the Book of the Exalted Allah and the speeches of His Prophet, peace be upon him and his household. Thus, it has gained the place of honor above all other languages. The article finally attempts to indicate that seeing the survival of Arabic language and the extinction of others the choice of Arabic as the most perfect language to introduce the most perfect religion has not been accidental or without the prior intention of the Most Wise Legislator. Manuscript profile
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        156 - Critical- Analytical Study ofMarounAbboud's views about Abbas Mahmoud Al-Aqqad's poems
        Jamal Talebi
        Abbas Mahmoud AL-Aqqad is considered as one of illustriouspersonalities of Arab world in contemporary era. He is said to be of great works in social, political, religious and literary areas and does not ignore to compose poem and has published about ten poetic divans. T More
        Abbas Mahmoud AL-Aqqad is considered as one of illustriouspersonalities of Arab world in contemporary era. He is said to be of great works in social, political, religious and literary areas and does not ignore to compose poem and has published about ten poetic divans. There are hot critical views about his poetry and the critics are divided into three groupspros and cons and moderate. Famous Lebanese critic,Maroon Abboud, is the toughest opponent of his poetry and heridicules and criticizes his poems in a harsh way. Studying the poetry of Abbas Mahmoud Al-Aqqad,it is clear that Abboud's views are far from scientific spirit and constructive criticism;they are in restraints of categoriesbeing dominant in criticism of Arab world in twentieth century. In studying the poetry Aqqad says “I do not compare him with Naji, Abushadi, Taha, Seirafi, Khafif, Bashar Fars,SalehJaudat,ZakiMobarak and anyone who has engaged in composing poetry in Egypt. All of them even ZakiMobarakare better than him.” Accordingly, it is necessary for us to study and criticize Abboud'sopinionsand thoughts fairly and impartially and to showreal face of Aqqad'spoetry especially in "al-Karwan gift", "vahyAl-Arba'aeen" and "AberSl-Sabil" distinguished in terms of innovation, subject orientation, unity and integration of the ode. The main finding of this study is that in many cases Abbouddoes notobservefair judgment and is influenced by personal and group interests althoughin some cases his criticism is fair and right. This is due to the fact that  competition among critics in Arab world, particularly in Egypt and Lebanon in the twentieth century led the criticism towards bigotry and away from true scientific spirit  Manuscript profile
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        157 - Military Blockade Effect of Beirut on Application and Implication of Space and Place in Divan “Maryam Tati” by Sa'adi Yoosef
        Hashem Mohammad Hashem maryam jalaei
        One of the most important beauties of Modern poetry, especially in the literature which was created in war and in blockade, is application of space and  location technique and its different implications; because war is concerned with conquering location and its inc More
        One of the most important beauties of Modern poetry, especially in the literature which was created in war and in blockade, is application of space and  location technique and its different implications; because war is concerned with conquering location and its incidents will occur in the location and destruction of that location is one of its unlucky effects; Therefore, the present study is performed  to analyze the effect of military blockade of Beirut by Israel on application and implication of location in “Maryam Tati” by the Iraqi poet, Sa'adiYoosef, by  descriptive-analytic method; because the blockade has had a considerable effect on routine daily life of the Lebanese people, its effects have been reflected on the literary  works of Lebanese and non-Lebanese scholars, such as Sa'adi Youssef who was compelled by wardisasters to illustrate the most detailed issues of Lebanese lives. The question which should be answered is: what is the effect of military blockade of Beirut on application and implication of place on ‘Maryam Tati”? The most important results were that open locations (e.g. city, village and district) are to illustrate the material destruction of Beirut during the war and close locations (home and room), which were used more than open ones, implicate spiritual status of people of Beirut and the reason for this application and implication is the engineering and architectural criteria of the closed locations.  Manuscript profile
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        158 - Elegy in Sharif Razi’s Poetry
        Mohamed Ibrahim Khalifa Shooshtari Mohammad Hassan Amrayy
        Sharif Razi has composed different poems on various subjects ,and  he was very good at all different  poems  ,  and  could be distinguished  with his authentic eloquence  and  his remarkable and inimitable ability to be highlighte More
        Sharif Razi has composed different poems on various subjects ,and  he was very good at all different  poems  ,  and  could be distinguished  with his authentic eloquence  and  his remarkable and inimitable ability to be highlighted among poets,  in particular  in elegy and crying on family, relatives, and describing the tribulation of time, and his odes in elegy appeared in passionate feelings and ebullient emotions  . It is noteworthy to say that his odes in lamentation for  Hussein is a full poetic example for poets who came after him and followed him in their tragedy for Hussein, And they imitated him in their tragedy for Hussein, and they had memorized his poems and had kept it . These few  short elegies made Sharif Razi famous and led him to be a pioneer among his contemporaries. This paper is an attempt to examine his elegies as a proof of his unique talent. Manuscript profile
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        159 - The Impact of the West on the Contemporary Arab Literary Criticism
        Hassan Majidi Mohammad Ahmadnia
        Translation is of the most striking manifestations of contemporary Arabic literature.This phenomenon in contemporary Western criticism of the discussions that influenced this effect is  due to communication and connection with the Arab literature and  West. & More
        Translation is of the most striking manifestations of contemporary Arabic literature.This phenomenon in contemporary Western criticism of the discussions that influenced this effect is  due to communication and connection with the Arab literature and  West.            Contemporaneous cash and cash schools, especially schools Divan Court are external factors affecting research. But the important point is that despite all these effects a society  is required that is dynamic culture. Americas since time is not on the cash flows, Arab heritage did not forget the new methods of cash from their roots and the old nobility was not isolated.  Manuscript profile
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        160 - The Impact of Persian Culture in the poetry of Ibne Hadi Andalusia
        Seyyed Mohammad Mir Hosseini Ali Asvadi
        Ibne Hadi Andalusia is deemed amongst the most renowned poets of Andalusia. He has applied a great number of Persian words analyzed in this paper which reveals the profound relationship between the two languages on the one hand, and the influence of the two missionary V More
        Ibne Hadi Andalusia is deemed amongst the most renowned poets of Andalusia. He has applied a great number of Persian words analyzed in this paper which reveals the profound relationship between the two languages on the one hand, and the influence of the two missionary Vali brothers (Yahya bin Ali, and Jafar bin Ali Andalusia)  to prompt this  correspondence on the other hand. This research will focus on the representation of Iranian culture and literature in the poetry of Ibne Hadi ,mostly to depict another manifestation of the relationship between Persian and Arabic language. Manuscript profile
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        161 - The Study of Music in the Arabic Compositions of Sa'di
        Hamed Zakeri Abdolhamid Ahmadi Mansoorah SHirazi
        The essence and the beauty of a poem relies heavily on elements such as music. Music covers a wide area which is truly grasped and applied by masters of rhetoric. Sa'di is also considered as one of the greatest Persian poets who has depicted his unique talent in this fi More
        The essence and the beauty of a poem relies heavily on elements such as music. Music covers a wide area which is truly grasped and applied by masters of rhetoric. Sa'di is also considered as one of the greatest Persian poets who has depicted his unique talent in this field. Sa'di's poetry is genuinely musical. There have been some researches conducted in this respect. However, one feels the need to focus on his Arabic composition also. This research has focused on various levels of musicality in Sa'di's poetry. After some introductory notes on poetry and the music of poetry , the researcher has focused on different levels of music in his Arabic poetry. Kolliyate  Sa'di by Abaha-ol-Dine Khorramshahi is used as the primary source of Arabic poems.   Manuscript profile
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        162 - Magical Realism in Maden Al Malah's Abdurrahman Monif
        reza nazemian yosra shadman
        The simplest definition that can be applied to magic realism is the accumulation of reality with magic, wander, hallucination and beyond. What it implies is that magical events happen in reality in a way that makes them look like being a part of reality.Lots of writers More
        The simplest definition that can be applied to magic realism is the accumulation of reality with magic, wander, hallucination and beyond. What it implies is that magical events happen in reality in a way that makes them look like being a part of reality.Lots of writers in Arabic countries found that area really appealing. Abdul Rahman Monif  in novel like “maden Al Malah” has chosen the style of magic realism.Considering magic realism, thought, magic, illusion, hallucination, symbol, sign, Sufis and Sufism, paradoxes, critical trends, writer‘s silence and his partiality towards magical occurrences are among its element that Has been studied in this article by Analytical descriptive method.This novel has been benefited from sociological influence, political issues, cultural backgrounds and critical views. Additionally Abdul Rahman Monif was impartial toward all unrealistic events around his and he does not any judgments. And In the magical realism fiction style, the author does not react to unrealistic and imaginary incidents and he does not even provide any explanations. So the reader believes in and accepts all unrealistic incidents. Also the author has succeeded with combination of magic with reality to express what goes on inside about Political and social and economic theorems with a cash approach. Manuscript profile
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        163 - The Arabic Sonnets of Mowlana and Hafez: A Contextual Critical Study
        Mehdi Momtahen Monir Ahmad Shareeati
        Researches done on Mowlana’s and Hafez’s poems abound in numbers leaving the readers with the idea that no other concept has been left unexplored. But once all these researches re-examined, one finds that a part of the Iranian and Islamic literature has not More
        Researches done on Mowlana’s and Hafez’s poems abound in numbers leaving the readers with the idea that no other concept has been left unexplored. But once all these researches re-examined, one finds that a part of the Iranian and Islamic literature has not been thoroughly explored and explained by the researchers in the field. This is where we come to the Arabic poems composed by these two poets which in themselves exemplify their poetic craftsmanship as well as their mastery, especially Mowlana, of the Arabic language. A re-examination of the poetry of these two great poets one comes to the conclusion that they take their philosophical sustenance from the teachings of Quran. This is apparently detectible through the liens of all these Arabic poems which reflect the impact of the Abbasi era literature on them using a very simple and down to earth language and bearing the vast power of imagination and some motives of Arabic poetry. This article is an attempt to compare the Arabic poems composed by Mowlana and Hafez and, through a new perspective, present these two poets in different dimensions and perspectives which have not been explored therewith informing the readers who have not been acquainted with them by examining their mutual spiritual experience they both provide. Manuscript profile
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        164 - Stylistic Study of the Poem Later in Paradise
        Issa mottaghizadeh Kobra Roshanfekr Nouroddin parvin
             Stylistics is a  new science which analyzes the structure of  composed  lyrics based on the three layers: vocal, syntax and rhetorical. In  this study with descriptive analytic method and the  frame work of  stylistics More
             Stylistics is a  new science which analyzes the structure of  composed  lyrics based on the three layers: vocal, syntax and rhetorical. In  this study with descriptive analytic method and the  frame work of  stylistics the researchers try to study the elegy Later in Paradise composed by Suad Sabah one of the pioneers of contemporary on the death of his beloved son Mobarak. The three levels mentioned will be analyzed in this poem to examine the link between melancholy and style.The main result of the application of this theory in analysis his elegy shows that there is a strong association between the sentiment elegy and style of poets. And sentimental grief has a direct impact on poet his.  Manuscript profile
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        165 - Formal and textual Investigation of Debate Poems in the literature of Mamluk Era
        Ali Reza Nazari Maryam Fooladi
        Debate is an independent technique  in literature that has been common among poets and writers in Arabic Literature for a long time. The literary genre which has been shaped based on  imitating  real debates is a hostile or friendly dialogue between parti More
        Debate is an independent technique  in literature that has been common among poets and writers in Arabic Literature for a long time. The literary genre which has been shaped based on  imitating  real debates is a hostile or friendly dialogue between parties of the debate who could be human, animal, plant, abstract concepts, natural and other elements. Since this genre exists very strikingly and impressively in prose and verse works of Mamluk era, it has been analyzed in analytical- descriptive method in both theoretical and comparative parts in that period in this study. In theoretical part, the literary genre is introduced and examples of verse and prose debates of that era are mentioned in comparative part. Findings of the study show that in verse debates, most of the dialogues are in general sense, among humans, frequently with a short form and without judgment. In contrast, in prose debates, most of the dialogues are in special sense and based on special rules and among inhuman elements with ethical, religious, praise or amusing aspects. Manuscript profile
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        166 - Pessimism in Abulalalla ‌Ma`arri and Abdulrahman Shokri's Poetry
        Hadi Nazari Monazzam Khatereh Ahmadi
        Pessimism is a mental and emotional state. It originates from sadness, despair, the negative outlook on life and the causes for the pessimism are the human failure and negligence against his ambitions and aspirations on the one hand and the other hand is suffering from More
        Pessimism is a mental and emotional state. It originates from sadness, despair, the negative outlook on life and the causes for the pessimism are the human failure and negligence against his ambitions and aspirations on the one hand and the other hand is suffering from mental problems and unstable social and political situation in the country. This pessimism was common among poets of different periods. Abolala alMaerri is one of poets who belonged to the Abbasid era whose  poetry is pessimistic because of his life conditions. Also Abdolrahman­ Shokri has a tendency to pessimism due to the impact of social and political conditions that governed during  his n time and his inclination to read Khayyam and Maarri,s poetry in new period. This paper attempts to examine the aspects of pessimism in the poetry of Aboalalla ­Maarri and Abdolrahman­ Shokri, public and their  private factors that effect his life and thought that they would appear in a negative form in their poetry. The results suggest that health problems such as blindness, isolation from society, political and social conditions have affected the lives of the two poets and make them pessimist. In addition to these, there are some commonalities in these  poets such as death, grief of the world, despair, determinism, etc. Manuscript profile
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        167 - Religious & moral teaching in Persian religious lullabies & Arabic religious lullabies
        Mahdi Momtahen Elham Khademi
        Lullabies are first symbol of women’s literature. Some of them have religious content. Mothers by them instruct religious & moral teaching to their children. we want to consider this teaching in Persian & Arabic lullabies. Of participation points in Persia More
        Lullabies are first symbol of women’s literature. Some of them have religious content. Mothers by them instruct religious & moral teaching to their children. we want to consider this teaching in Persian & Arabic lullabies. Of participation points in Persian and Arabic religious lullabies are: mothers want help of God for their children, pray for sweet dream for them and teach  main Islam orders to them. Some of contents in Persian religious lullabies are: prayer for service their children to Imam Reza, Hazrat Massome and Shahe cheragh. Main contents in Arabic religious lullabies are: mothers use name of Mecca and Kaaba and sentences La Elaha Ella Allah and Mohammad Rasol Allah .   Manuscript profile
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        168 - The effects of Arabic proverb on edifying persion poems
        Zahra Soleymani
        The value trace of Persian writers and poets constantly influenced by religion, language, their holy book and the Koran in throughout history. Iranian literary poetry and prose in the Arabic language and culture are much benefited in the form of industries such as prove More
        The value trace of Persian writers and poets constantly influenced by religion, language, their holy book and the Koran in throughout history. Iranian literary poetry and prose in the Arabic language and culture are much benefited in the form of industries such as proverbs and allegorical is adapted. This example indicate in the great works of Saadi and Rumi . In this paper has tried to find a sample of these effects .   Manuscript profile
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        169 - Narrative from the view point of fables in Parvin Etesami and Ilia Abo Mazi’s poetry.
        nafice Hajirajabi Abbas Arab
        Narrative includes wise awareness and rational experiences which are used by writers and poets to express their thoughts in the frame of narratives. The narrative era in the literature of Iran is the time of overcoming of rationality and rational awareness. Writers and More
        Narrative includes wise awareness and rational experiences which are used by writers and poets to express their thoughts in the frame of narratives. The narrative era in the literature of Iran is the time of overcoming of rationality and rational awareness. Writers and poets found narratives the best way to express their ideas, philosophical, ethical, mystic and moral thoughts Because in many categories expres of subject don,t possible through examples and Narrative. This paper aims to investigate the correspondence between the poems of two Persian and Arabic poets in terms of one forms of narratives called “Fable” and the common concepts discussed by these two poets. Manuscript profile
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        170 - Nano-encapsulation of thyme essential oil in chitosan-Arabic gum system: evaluation of its antioxidant and antimicrobial properties
        Maryam Hassani Shirin Hasani
        Manuscript profile
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        171 - Erratum: Nano-encapsulation of thyme essential oil in chitosan-Arabic gum system: Evaluation of its antioxidant and antimicrobial properties
        Maryam Hasani Shirin Hasani
        Manuscript profile
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        172 - The study of the effect of the cell phone in learning on motivation, self-awareness, and educational developments of students in Arabic course
        mojtaba rezaei rad ebrahim fallah
        How mobile learning can effect on student's motivation, self-awareness, and educational developments in Arabic course is what being study in this essay. Quasi-experimental method, using pre test and post test within the control group, has been used in this study. Statis More
        How mobile learning can effect on student's motivation, self-awareness, and educational developments in Arabic course is what being study in this essay. Quasi-experimental method, using pre test and post test within the control group, has been used in this study. Statistical population was consisted of students from Sari Islamic Azad University in 2011. Based on clustering sampling method, tow classes with 69 students were selected and considering random clustering method, students were classified into experimental (39) and control (36) groups. Hermes achievement motivation test, Rajkumar Saraswat self-awareness questionnaire and researcher- made test on Arabic course were the study tools. The validity of the researcher- made test was confirmed by experts in the field and the reliability was calculated by test-retest as 0.85.co-varience analysis, therefore, was used so as to test the research hypothesis.The findings showed that the mean scores of experimental group were in higher level than of the control group, indicating that the cell phone has a great effect on increasing student's motivation, self-awareness, and educational achievement in Arabic course. Manuscript profile
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        173 - Explanation on Evolutionary Guardianship on the Supreme-Human (The Perfect or the Exalted Man)  In Epistemology Geometry of Islamic Mysticism (With a Focus on Thoughts (Ideas)  Of Imam Khomeini)
        Ali Hosseini Jaseb Nikfar
        In mysticism, discussion about evolutionary guardianship is studied under the subject of the supreme man (the perfect man) who is initial medium of creation system in the Arc of ascent and descent (the arc of rise and fall). The perfect man or the supreme-human is the c More
        In mysticism, discussion about evolutionary guardianship is studied under the subject of the supreme man (the perfect man) who is initial medium of creation system in the Arc of ascent and descent (the arc of rise and fall). The perfect man or the supreme-human is the core or place of manifestation of all divine names and attributes and the cosmic and the earth facts such that human is like the spirit of the world (universe) and the universe is as his body. As spirit manages or modifies the organization of the body by physical and spiritual powers, the perfect man or the supreme-human also reaches the universe creatures with connecting or having divine facts, and as the life of body depend to the spirit, and without the spirit, it would be deprived from perfection, the divine life also becomes meaningful only by modifying or seizing the successor of Allah and by its mediation. Without the perfect man the life also becomes ruined (decayed) and will die out. The human access to the successor of Allah is occurred through three processes. First, the divine names and attributes are given to the perfect man, and second, the receiving or acquisition of divine and humanistic facts are granted to the supreme human and hebecomes aware of the unseen world. Third, he gains the creatingor innovating power andauthority. The successor of Allah, after Intrinsic, attribution and behavioral extinction, arrived at life and thrived after elimination and the survival position after elimination. He also existed in the factual or right. After that, when the perfect man becomes the ears, eyes and hand of Allah, He becomes manifested by perceptual and excitatory forces (powers). Manuscript profile
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        174 - Manifestation of Gnosticism in Bousiri Borde
        Rouhollah SayyadiNezhad Shahram Amiri
        Undoubtedly there is a relationship between poem and religion from long ago so that praise of Islam prophet as a manifestation of God is a support for those poets who are Sufi, o clear virtues and perfections of prophet for all the people and also mention some popular t More
        Undoubtedly there is a relationship between poem and religion from long ago so that praise of Islam prophet as a manifestation of God is a support for those poets who are Sufi, o clear virtues and perfections of prophet for all the people and also mention some popular traditions of Sufi. It's clear unsaid that Borde elegy is one of the masterpieces of Arab literature and Sharafod-in- Mohammad Bousiri change it to poem for the aim of resorting to prophet Mohammad in the pride and boasting period of Gnosticism Osmani-Mamlooki era. Findings in this research show that Bousiri is not really a gnostic poet and especially of gnostic poets such as mystically idioms is not so much in his works but it can be said that in effect of his period existing of Sufism in Bousiri Borde is not so surprising. The poet speaks about the important points of mystically such as Mohammadie reality, intercession and praising by using beautiful language of poem and amorous statement, using simple language and also using less mystically idioms. Manuscript profile
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        175 - Study of Language and Literature in Ibn  Arabi's Mystical Muwashahs
        Seyyed Mehdi Masboogh Mehri Ghaderi Bibak Zahra Niko Neghad
        One of the most valuable literary assets is mystics' written heritage. More Mystics In addition to reflecting on the meanings of Sufi and employment practice spiritual journey, in seminary as well as in the field of literature and poetry have also qualified. Sometimes m More
        One of the most valuable literary assets is mystics' written heritage. More Mystics In addition to reflecting on the meanings of Sufi and employment practice spiritual journey, in seminary as well as in the field of literature and poetry have also qualified. Sometimes mystical works simply, and sometimes have a difficult language; Thus, in addition to content analysis and description of the mystical meaningsand delicacies spiritual, check this works in terms of style and aesthetics is too important. Ibn Arabic mystic and poet of the sixth century AD have left many of his works. One of the highlights of this great mysticis his mystical muwashahs. Muwashahs in terms of language and structure was a new phenomenon. Since muwashahs by Ibn Arabic has its own characteristics and literary style. This paper, based on Analytical method paid attention to the study of stylistics one of his muwashahs in both linguistic and literary. As a result article show That muwashahs Ibn Arabic is full of songs and music and the poet to increase his music poetry benefited from literary industry and the old vocabulary and language Rkayyk And the features of the muwashahs is use of simile and metaphor. Manuscript profile
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        176 - Prayer in Ibn al- 'Arabi's and Rumi's Perspectives
        Mariam Mahmoodi Mahdieh Vali Mohammadabadi
        Prayer is the most obvious problems in the field of the study of religion in Islamic mysticism has repeatedly emphasized the need for it.Their bondage Zhvrrfan turning point in man's relationship with God opened God desired to take a snapshot picture of neglect of his e More
        Prayer is the most obvious problems in the field of the study of religion in Islamic mysticism has repeatedly emphasized the need for it.Their bondage Zhvrrfan turning point in man's relationship with God opened God desired to take a snapshot picture of neglect of his eternal Yadkhsran was followed for advocates .Lovers in a mirror reflection of life and the summit of mystical prayer pure allegedly heard enough Vhkayty is elegant and Namkrr . The mystics of Islam as a bridge prayer Vmlkvt of the material is specially fit for a large part of mystical artifacts left on prayer. So, the author of the study was to examine the Ibn Arabi thoughts and belief. She is the founder Irfan theoretical and wisely and Vrfany intelligence derived from a pure Islamic Education lovely arguments in prayer and compliance. You can also explore ideas and thoughts Maulana said that he prayed Vajabt problem with the word critic and its influence on the expression is interesting anecdotes. What is striking is that the footprint is often thought of Rumi's thoughts, beliefs Arabic Ibn clearly visible. It could be argued that the followers of Maulana Sufi Ibn Arabic and commentator, he has great ideas. Manuscript profile
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        177 - Mystical Themes in the Arabic Poems of Sheikh Baha'i
        Seyed mehdi Masboogh Mehri Ghaderibibak
        Sheikh Baha'i is one of the great scientists of the Safavid era who has been an expert in various scientific fields. One of the aspects of his personality that is manifested in his poetry is his mystical behavior and approach. Sheikh Baha'i has received his mystical tho More
        Sheikh Baha'i is one of the great scientists of the Safavid era who has been an expert in various scientific fields. One of the aspects of his personality that is manifested in his poetry is his mystical behavior and approach. Sheikh Baha'i has received his mystical thoughts from its original sources, namely the Qur'an, the hadiths of the Prophet (PBUH) and the Ahl al-Bayt (AS); In the meantime, his acquaintance with Sahifa Sajjadieh and his knowledge of the works of Iranian mystics has played a significant role in shaping his mystical thoughts. This article aims to identify the mystical themes in Sheikh Baha'i thought and to analyze his Arabic poems by content analysis method. The results show that mystical themes in Sheikh Baha'i's Arabic poems include various themes, the most important of which are love, anti-hypocrisy, spiritual wine, carpentry, intuition and mystical dance. The basis of his mystical poems can be summarized in love and self-cultivation, which leads to the acquisition of intuitive knowledge and makes him needless of school and lessons. Manuscript profile
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        178 - A Study of Mystical Themes in "How Ascended Ibn al-Sahra to the Sun" by Abdullah Al-Sikhan
        Mohsen Seifi mostafa javanrudi Najmeh Taheri Torshizi Khadijeh Fulaadi
        10.2234/erfan.2023.703026
        The layered and multiple meanings of mystical terms and symbols have caused contemporary Arabic poets to use the language of mysticism to express the thoughts and concerns of their time, while enriching their works and challenging the audience in receiving concepts and More
        The layered and multiple meanings of mystical terms and symbols have caused contemporary Arabic poets to use the language of mysticism to express the thoughts and concerns of their time, while enriching their works and challenging the audience in receiving concepts and messages. In this way, they should reflect on their works twice and try to decipher the thoughts of their owners. Abdullah al-Sikhan is one of the contemporary Saudi poets whose works can be traced by reflecting on mystical themes, and the use of the language of mysticism and Sufism in his poems has given a novel color to his poetry. He has expressed some mystical themes and terms in the ode (How ascended Ibn al-Sahra to the Sun). This article intends to study the mystical themes and concepts in this poem by descriptive-analytical method. The poet has used mystical themes to express his thoughts and ideas. Ibn al-Sahra in this poem is a symbol of a primitive man who seeks to discover truth and knowledge and the earth to the sky to reach the sun. He tries to reach the manifestation of truth by leaving behind the mystical stages perfection and seeks a mystical journey, or he is the symbol of the poet himself who travels. He has started from and by summoning the character of Ibn Sahra, he tries to cover it up in the face of these themes and ideas. Manuscript profile
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        179 - Mystical Analysis of the Story of Musa and Khidr in Persian and Arabic Poetry
        Fatemeh gooshehneshin Shahram Edalati Shahi Farideh Akhavane Palangsaraei
        Religious figures, especially divine prophets, have always had a special place in poetry. Meanwhile, the story of Musa and Khidr is one of the stories that have had a great impact on Persian and Arabic literature, especially Persian poetry. Events, scenes, messages and More
        Religious figures, especially divine prophets, have always had a special place in poetry. Meanwhile, the story of Musa and Khidr is one of the stories that have had a great impact on Persian and Arabic literature, especially Persian poetry. Events, scenes, messages and mysteries of the story of these two nobles, in the form that Musa is a symbol of Shari'a, and Khidr is a symbol of the old way, is manifested in Persian and Arabic poetry. This article intends to study the mystical basis of the story of Musa and Khidr in Persian and Arabic poetry and to analyze the codes, allusions and semantic implications of the use of the story. The findings of the research indicate that in Persian poetry, the image of these two nobles is a mystical and radiant image and their story is carried by high mystical thoughts through interpretation, and symbolism. Whereas in Arabic poetry the mystical basis of this story gets a political nature and links to the subject of resistance. It should be noted that in contemporary Arabic poetry, Musa is introduced as a symbol of Shari'a human beings who do not know the situation and are always looking for questions, while Khidr is a symbol of the old path and the heart who knows the unseen world and saves) Musa from confusion. Manuscript profile
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        180 - Reflection of Arabic and Persian Proverbs and Sayings in the Mirror of Odes and Lyric Poetry and Fragments of Taqi Danesh
        rajab tohidiyan
        Studying Persian literature and poetry from the beginning of its formation to the present time reveal that poets and writers have abundantly used Arabic and Persian proverbs and sayings in myriad ways and methods to add sweetness and eloquence to their writings. By stud More
        Studying Persian literature and poetry from the beginning of its formation to the present time reveal that poets and writers have abundantly used Arabic and Persian proverbs and sayings in myriad ways and methods to add sweetness and eloquence to their writings. By studying the works of great poets such as Ferdowsi, Naser Khosrow, Onsorolmaali, Nasrullah Munshi, Saada din Verminy, Sanai, Anwari, Nezami, Khaghani, Attar Nish Aburi, Atta Mulk Jowini, Maulana, Sadie, Hafiz, and some others, it is disclosed that they have extensively used Arabic and Persian proverbs, verses, anecdotes and sayings to express high moral, mystical, social, political, and literary thoughts to the extent that such expressive way turns as a dominant characteristic of their style. Taghi Danesh, the eminent poet of late Qajar and early Pahlavi dynasties, was under the shining influence of anecdotes, Persian and Arabic proverbs and sayings and effortlessly attempt to reflect such beauty in his writings. The present study aims to investigate and analyze the ways and techniques of using Arabic and Persian proverbs, sayings and anecdotes in sonnets and fragments of Taghi Danesh. The present research achieves the result that use of Arabic and Persian proverbs, sayings, and anecdotes, following predecessors’ reflection, is evident in all his odes and sonnets and fragments and turns to his distinctive stylistic feature. Manuscript profile
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        181 - Orating Analysis Of Mental Imagery in Saadi’s Arabic Poems
        Javad Kabutari Hosein Arian
        Sa'di Shirazi is one of the greatest tales of Persian poets and poets who has been fluent in Arabic. Despite the dominance of Sa'di in Arabic, Arabic poetry has given him a small part of his poetry, but these little poems show Raffi Sa'di's position among Iranian Arab p More
        Sa'di Shirazi is one of the greatest tales of Persian poets and poets who has been fluent in Arabic. Despite the dominance of Sa'di in Arabic, Arabic poetry has given him a small part of his poetry, but these little poems show Raffi Sa'di's position among Iranian Arab poets. Sa'di Shirazi has used the imagination in Persian poetry and his Arabic poems. Although Sa'di is a teacher in literary forms and forms, he has presented his skill to the friends of his friends. More than trying to demonstrate his ability and art in the use of literary industries, he sought to convey meaning in a variety of ways. Sa'di has used Persian verse and Arabic poetry in all four subjects of the science of expression (simile, metaphor, metonymy and allegory), but the use (simile and metaphor) of his poems is more evident. In this research, Sour Zahal, has been analyzed and analyzed in Persian poetry and Arabic poetry of Saadi, with examples of Persian and Arabic verses. Manuscript profile
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        182 - Almonjed Dictionary and its Persian Mu’arrab Entries
        shah'baz mohseni
        Despite the heavy influence that Arabic has had on Persian, Arabic too has been influenced by Persian before Islam and after it. Persian words have entered Arabic and continued their usage after they underwent changes in form and pronunciation. Since the early times whe More
        Despite the heavy influence that Arabic has had on Persian, Arabic too has been influenced by Persian before Islam and after it. Persian words have entered Arabic and continued their usage after they underwent changes in form and pronunciation. Since the early times when lexicography in Arabic was traditionally done by Arabic language researchers up until now, it has been a common tradition to inspect and archive these loan words. In the present research, the Arabic words, borrowed from Persian and included in Almonjed dictionary, have been collected and discussed so that you may know the whole sack by a handful. Manuscript profile
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        183 - Effect of optimized nanocapsule containing Zingiber officinale based on gum arabic and gelatin as a natural polymeric wall on adult insect and larvae of Tribolium confusum
        A. R. Jalalizand M. Shahnazari M. Mirmohammadsadeghi
        Wheat is a strategic crop and is mainly consumed for the production of bread which is considered to be one of the most consumed crops in the world. Wheat is the most important plant on earth and is highly adapted to different climates. Flour (Tribolium confusum) in Iran More
        Wheat is a strategic crop and is mainly consumed for the production of bread which is considered to be one of the most consumed crops in the world. Wheat is the most important plant on earth and is highly adapted to different climates. Flour (Tribolium confusum) in Iran is found in all non-health warehouses, mills and bakeries. This type of insect is common in most parts of the world. Its main origin is probably India. Different chemical compounds have been used to protect warehouse products from pest attack. But in general, the use of these compounds has led to serious and growing problems, such as the poisoning of parasitoids, predators, pollinators, fish and humans, and possibly their mortality. Therefore, in the present study, the efficiency of ginger nano-capsule with Tribolium confusum polymeric wall as a nutritional indicator of weevil flour was evaluated. The results showed that the use of nanocapsules containing Zingiber officinale oil as an insecticide in different treatments had effective results and 100% of Tribolium confusummortality. Manuscript profile
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        184 - The study of parallelism in Fadva Tooghan, the contemporary poet of Palestinian
        Boshra Godarzi Rouhollahe Sayyadi Nejad Amir Hosain Rasool Nia
        The aim of this research is to study the level of parallelism (vocal, vocab and syntax) and the effect of them in Fadvi poems the Palestinian contemporary Arabic world poet. She is one of the poets who have used parallelism in her poems. The research is by descriptive- More
        The aim of this research is to study the level of parallelism (vocal, vocab and syntax) and the effect of them in Fadvi poems the Palestinian contemporary Arabic world poet. She is one of the poets who have used parallelism in her poems. The research is by descriptive- analytical method and by using librarian sources and qualitative study she studied the e parallelism in poems of Fadvi Tooghan. The findings of the research show that in the subject of parallelism the repetition has the most importance and also is an important element in making music. Fadvi Tooghan made very beautiful poems by using this repetition which a wise reader can understand it by reading them. Fadvi Tooghan has used parallelism in vocal, vocab and syntax levels and this similarity in text structure has made her poem very fabulous. She has made her poem outstanding in verbal level by repeating sounds, letters words and compounds which cause emphasize in semantic level, this issue shows that the verbal structures effects on meaning transmissions. It looks that the repetition of parallelism in vocalic level is more than verbal and syntax levels, because in verbal and syntax parallelism the parallelism of vocal can be find. Manuscript profile
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        185 - Investigating the Strategic Role of Lady of the Karbala in the Poems of Contemporary Christian Poets
        Maryam Rahmati Torkashvand Jabbar Azarbar Fatemeh Feizolahi
        The purpose of the present study is to examine the reflection of the personality of Prophet Zainab(PBUH) as the flag bearer of the Karbala movement in the poetry of contemporary Christian poets. Because of his valuable personality and his decisive role in the events of More
        The purpose of the present study is to examine the reflection of the personality of Prophet Zainab(PBUH) as the flag bearer of the Karbala movement in the poetry of contemporary Christian poets. Because of his valuable personality and his decisive role in the events of Ashura and after, including the sermons he expressed for awakening public opinion, expressing the oppression of the Ahlul-Bayt (AS) and revealing the identities of the enemies, has caused many writers and poets To worship and praise him from various religions as a symbol of oppression and freedom. have been studied through descriptive-analytic method through library sources. The findings indicate that Christian poets in their poems focus more on the role of Zaynab (peace be upon him) in Karbala and subsequent events, including attending the Ashura event, delivering a sermon in the Yazid and Obaidullah, and defending Imam Sajjad (Peace be upon him), The expression of the Ashura uprising, the devaluation of the Omavi family and so on have been taken into consideration. They see Prophet Zainab (peace be upon him) symbol and exemple in the fight against colonialism and oppression, and in the contemporary era they see themselves as a continuation of his struggle against oppression. Manuscript profile
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        186 - Love Language in Poetries of Nazik Al-Malaika and Suad Al-Sabah
        روح الله SayyadiNezhzd مهوش Hasanpoor
        Love is one of the most common topics which found in Arabic literature especially in romantic literature. This topic has found new form in contemporary era which caused some new language properties in poetries of contemporary poets.In this study, an attempt has made to More
        Love is one of the most common topics which found in Arabic literature especially in romantic literature. This topic has found new form in contemporary era which caused some new language properties in poetries of contemporary poets.In this study, an attempt has made to survey these properties in poetries of the two Arabic poets, Nazik Al-Malaika and Suad Al-Sabah. By using descriptive-analytic method, it has been found that feminine spirit and language is greatly evident in poetries of these two Arabic poets which can be studied at different language levels. This feminine element is clear in three levels in poetries of these two poets phonetic, syntactic and semantic.They were using some techniques such as repetition of phonemes, letters in speaking about their sorrow and sadness. Not being sure of social conditions in a world which pay attention to men caused women to use interrogative methods in their poems. Women poets also use indirect methods like metaphor because they don't have liberty of speaking in love. Manuscript profile
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        187 - Position of Arabic language among the Kurds
        Abdullah Rasoulnejad Hassan Sarbaz
        With  the  advent  of  Islam  and  descendant  of  Holy  Quran,  Arabic language moved from a local ethnic language to a language of Islamic culture  and  civilization.  From  the  early  f More
        With  the  advent  of  Islam  and  descendant  of  Holy  Quran,  Arabic language moved from a local ethnic language to a language of Islamic culture  and  civilization.  From  the  early  first  century  of  AD,  it  swept through the Arab island boundaries and spread to Mediterranean coast, Asia Minor, Iran, and Transoxiana (Mawarannahr). Therefore, it became the scientific and literary language of Islamic nations including Arab and non-Arabs. Arabic language, whether being religiously the language of Quran and Islam or scientifically having had significant role in keeping multi-century intellectual heritage of humanity, has always possessed a lofty position among all nations. Also, Kurds as a part of Islamic society, who consciously accepted Islam with open arms became so enamored of Holy Quran and eternal mission of prophet of Islam that, preserving their mother tongue, they selected  Arabic  as  their  scientific  and  literary  language.  Accordingly, Kurd scholars and scientists wrote most of their religious, scientific, philosophical, and literary works in Arabic. Public honored that they were capable of getting familiar with Arabic even at the level of some prayers and religious ritual terms. Providing   worthwhile   achievements   for   Arabic   language,   Kurd scholars have inherited valuable works regarding morphology, syntax, rhetoric, etc. This research, using descriptive and content analysis methods, tries to investigate the works of the most outstanding Kurd scientists and men of letters in the area of Arabic language including morphology, syntax, and rhetoric to clarify the position of Arabic among Kurds. Manuscript profile
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        188 - Comparative Analysis of Religious Teachings on Poetry Of Abi Altahyh and Naser Khosrow Qbadyany
        Fereshte Saffari
        One of the most fundamental issues of human societies is the problem of proper training and offering educational programs to those areas of policy that has not stopped the development of all aspects of society. Today, the promotion and dissemination of religious culture More
        One of the most fundamental issues of human societies is the problem of proper training and offering educational programs to those areas of policy that has not stopped the development of all aspects of society. Today, the promotion and dissemination of religious culture in Muslim countries is heavily influenced by foreign culture and religion is one of the requirements of human life in the name of modernity on the verge of collapse, In Islamic society to religious sources, including the Quran, books of validity and effects of such highly paid executives and operators are cultural. Ancient doctrines and teachings of Quran and traditions with innovations worthy of poets and writers to spread religious literature and to provide a great educational power of lifestyle patterns enjoys. One of the great poets of the era of the Abbasid poet, Abu Altahyh, intellectual poetry in the composition is of particular mastery. Naser Khosrow, poet and travel writer of Ghaznavi era in writing these poems took advantage of the unique skill. The aim of this cross-sectional study is to evaluate the most valuable and the most noble principles of Islamic ethics in the light of poetry of Abe Altahyh Naser Khosrow Qbadyany. Manuscript profile
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        189 - Comparative analysis of religious teachings on poetry Abi Altahyh and Naser Khosrow Qbadyany
        Fereshte Saffari
        One of the most fundamental issues of human societies the problem of proper training and offering educational programs to those areas of policy that has not stopped the development of all aspects of society. Today, the promotion and dissemination of religious culture in More
        One of the most fundamental issues of human societies the problem of proper training and offering educational programs to those areas of policy that has not stopped the development of all aspects of society. Today, the promotion and dissemination of religious culture in Muslim countries is heavily influenced by foreign culture and religion is one of the requirements of human life in the name of modernity is on the verge of collapse, In Islamic society to religious sources, including the Quran, books of validity and effects of such highly paid executives and operators are cultural. Ancient doctrines and teachings of Quran and traditions with innovations worthy of poets and writers to spread religious literature And to provide a great educational power of lifestyle patterns enjoys. One of the great poets of the era of the Abbasid poet Abu Altahyh intellectual poetry in the composition is of particular mastery. Naser Khosrow, poet and travel writer Ghaznavi era in writing these poems took advantage of the unique skill. The aim of this cross-sectional study to evaluate the most valuable and the most noble principles of Islamic ethics in the light of poetry and Abe Altahyh Naser Khosrow Qbadyany. Manuscript profile
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        190 - The Influence of Common Persian Rhythms on Persian’s Arabic Poems During Sixth and Seventh Centuries
        As’ad sheikhahmadi
        One of the most important issues in comparative literature is the investigation and analyzing the relationship between the literature of  creative  languages  and their  influences  on  each other.  Although  Arabic literature hav More
        One of the most important issues in comparative literature is the investigation and analyzing the relationship between the literature of  creative  languages  and their  influences  on  each other.  Although  Arabic literature have  influenced  on most of the  Persian literay works, in this essay the  common  rhythms 0f  persian poems   that   lnfluence  on  persian’s   Arabic  poems  during  sixth  and   seventh centueries  will be  disscussed .Whereas common  rhythms   0f  persian  classical poems  is caused of  Arabic poems,  persian  poets  have  applied  it  to  Persian structure . In  addition to  use  Arabic  meters,   the persian  poets  considered   Persian meters  in their Arabic poems. In this essay the differences between   common  rhythms   in   Arabic  and  Persian   poems  are  disscused   by means of   reliable refrences.  The tresults demonstrates that the most bilingual and  Arabic poems     found   in   works  of  Iranian  poets,  in  rhythem  and  method of poetry,  are influenced by Persian poems. In fact these poets  said  Arabic in Persian form. Manuscript profile
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        191 - The ideals World of Maroof Rasafi
        Mostafa Yegani
        Poetry of Rosafi is like a mirror that reflects people’s life. His poetry is the best document  to assess the situation of Iraq in the nineteenth and twentieth Century. He has seen all the social problems of his time and have tasted the bitter taste of the p More
        Poetry of Rosafi is like a mirror that reflects people’s life. His poetry is the best document  to assess the situation of Iraq in the nineteenth and twentieth Century. He has seen all the social problems of his time and have tasted the bitter taste of the problem. Problems such as poverty, illiteracy, men and women, war, oppression,etc. He is a poet of great and famous Arab world and one of the most influential poets in the Arab world and Iraq. He used poetry as a means to express his thoughts. Among the poets he is loyal to the people. He is a classic poet in form but in the themes is developed. In his poem he talks against oppression, ignorance, illiteracy and backwardness. He Strongly criticizes the political and social situation and defines an ideal society; a society without poverty, illiteracy, injustice and war. Manuscript profile
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        192 - Comparative Analysis of Religious Lessons in Abi Altahyh Poetry and Naser Khosro Qbadiani
        Fereshte Saffari
        One of the most fundamental issues of human societies the problem of proper training and offering educational programs to those areas of policy that has not stopped the development of all aspects of society. Today, the promotion and dissemination of religious culture in More
        One of the most fundamental issues of human societies the problem of proper training and offering educational programs to those areas of policy that has not stopped the development of all aspects of society. Today, the promotion and dissemination of religious culture in Muslim countries is heavily influenced by foreign culture and religion is one of the requirements of human life in the name of modernity is on the verge of collapse, In Islamic society to religious sources, including the Quran, books of validity and effects of such highly paid executives and operators are cultural. Ancient doctrines and teachings of Quran and traditions with innovations worthy of poets and writers to spread religious literature and to provide a great educational power of lifestyle patterns enjoys. One of the great poets of the era of the Abbasid poet Abu Altahyh intellectual poetry in the composition is of particular mastery. Naser Khosrow, poet and travel writer Ghaznavi era in writing these poems took advantage of the unique skill. The aim of this cross-sectional study to evaluate the most valuable and the most noble principles of Islamic ethics in the light of poetry and Abe Altahyh Naser Khosrow Qbadyany. Manuscript profile
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        193 - Structural and thematic effectiveness of prominent Khorasani poets in describing the beloved of the Moalahgate Sab?
        Hossein Ali Sarhadi Masoud Akbarizadeh mostafa salari
        10.30495/rpcl.2022.697255
         The Suspensions of the Seven is one of the most brilliant works of poetry in the pre-Islamic era and a full-fledged mirror that shows the culture of the customs and life of the people as well as the geographical, social and literary situation of that era. Many sch More
         The Suspensions of the Seven is one of the most brilliant works of poetry in the pre-Islamic era and a full-fledged mirror that shows the culture of the customs and life of the people as well as the geographical, social and literary situation of that era. Many scholars in various literary fields have worked on it; Because the suspensions of Saba are the identity of the pre-Islamic era, and the correct understanding of these poems and examining them from different aspects is a way to know the pre-Islamic era. Due to the geographical proximity of Arab and Iranian civilizations, Arabic literature is one of the most important channels of influence of Arabic culture and language on Persian literature, although this influence is reciprocal and deep; But undoubtedly the influence of Arabic literature on the poets of the early periods of Persian literature is deeper and greater. One of the main objectives of this research is to analyze and compare the structural and thematic effectiveness of prominent Khorasani poets in describing the beloved from the suspensions of Saba. Most scholars agree that Iranian poets have followed in the footsteps of Arab poets and imitated Arab poets in composing poems related to Atlal and Daman. The present article tries to identify the structural and thematic effectiveness of prominent Khorasani poets in describing the beloved from the descriptions of Saba with a comparative method and descriptive-analytical approach and to answer the questions that the influence of prominent Khorasani poets in the description of the beloved What about suspended poets? And which Khorasani style poet has been more influenced by suspended poets? Manuscript profile
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        194 - Methodological Analysis of “Analysis of critical review of the history of Arabic literature” book written By seyyed Hossein seyyedi.
        davood ahmadi
          Writing in relation to the history of literature has evolved over time. These changes have led to a variety of books on the history of literature as well as a variety of interpretations of these books. The aim of this study is to analyze the critical study of the More
          Writing in relation to the history of literature has evolved over time. These changes have led to a variety of books on the history of literature as well as a variety of interpretations of these books. The aim of this study is to analyze the critical study of the Arabic literary history book and compare this book with similar books. The reason for writing the seyedi's book, ask question and criticize the history of Arabic language and literature, but it seems that the aim of the author is expressions of concepts and literature definitions, presentation of theories of literature history, expression of literature history and methods of history of literature. The pattern of the books contents is very similar to “In the history of literature concepts and methods” by Hossein AL Vad, “Philosophy of orintalism and the effects of contemporary Arabic literature” by Ahmad smaeel lovich and“ Methods of literary research” by Feisal shokri.The results of this research show that compiled Arabic books were more mature than seyedi's book and seyedi's book has been the quoted of the books which mentioned above.The method of this article is based on descriptive_ Analytical and library method,then compare the effect of this research with similar researches with comparison and mach method Manuscript profile
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        195 - Historical Reproduction of Attitudes in Arab political Thought
        Hamid Ahmadi Hassan Alizadeh
         Intellectual developments of the Arab world should be analyzed with respect to the sociopolitical challenges the Arab world has experienced ups and downs throughout its long history. By studying this development, we discover the occurrence of triad scholarly appro More
         Intellectual developments of the Arab world should be analyzed with respect to the sociopolitical challenges the Arab world has experienced ups and downs throughout its long history. By studying this development, we discover the occurrence of triad scholarly approaches: retro respective, secularism and Conformity. Arabic retrospective approach by reference to the religious texts and holly Quran words as its face meaning applies with interpretation avoidance tries to revive Islam with its Arabic heritage without the tendency of applying the rationality of modern western civilization. Arabic secularism, with its various lines of thoughts, proposes the separation of religion from politics and application of western rationality in politics. Arabic conformity approach with having complete faith in Islamic principles tries to provide a flexible interpretation of Islamic principles for their conformity to that of western principles if such necessity arises in order to avoid obsoleteness of principle in mind. Manuscript profile
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        196 - Effects of orally administered ascorbic acid on the athletic performance in Arab horses
        محمد Mashayekhi M.H Khayat-Nouri علی Hassanpour بهرام Amoghli-Tabrizi
             The aim of this study was to evaluate the athletic performance of Arab horses fallowing oral administration of ascorbic acid. The study was conducted on two groups each consisting of 20 Arab horses with the age range of 4-9 years and body weight of 4 More
             The aim of this study was to evaluate the athletic performance of Arab horses fallowing oral administration of ascorbic acid. The study was conducted on two groups each consisting of 20 Arab horses with the age range of 4-9 years and body weight of 450-550 kg. After general examination of all horses, those in the treatment group received 20 grams of oral ascorbic acid daily for 30 days. At the end of 30 days period, general examination was performed once again and two jugular blood samples along with the electrocardiography after exercise at the 2160 meter track. Statistical analysis of the results indicated that the mean serumic levels of aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine phosphokinase, lactate and uric acid had significantly increased (p<0.05) fallowing exercise in both control and treatment groups but the mean serumic levels of ascorbic acid had decreased (p<0.05) fallowing exercise in both groups. Average heart rate had also significantly increased (p<0.05) after exercise. Abnormal electrocardiographic changes were not seen in any of the cases. Considering the significance difference (p<0.05) in mean creatine phosphokinase and lactate levels fallowing exercise between the control and treatment groups, it can be concluded that the administration of ascorbic acid improves the athletic performance of Arab horses. Manuscript profile
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        197 - The Comparative Study of Arabic and Laki Proverbs
        kobra khosravi tayebe fathiiranshahi ali karampour
        Proverb is a short sentence derived from an ordinary or sometimes a particular story among various nations and it can be a real manifestation of different ethnic groups and cultures. Every proverb represents a long history; therefore, a comparative study of the proverbs More
        Proverb is a short sentence derived from an ordinary or sometimes a particular story among various nations and it can be a real manifestation of different ethnic groups and cultures. Every proverb represents a long history; therefore, a comparative study of the proverbs provides a good basis for comparison and cultural impressionability of the nations. The study aims to compare the proverbs in Laki, as one of the oldest Iranian language spoken in the west of Iran, with Arabic proverbs. Of many of Laki proverbs, thirty one proverbs selected which are ethically and socially relevant. The results show that speakers of Laki has had cultural interactions and had been influenced by Arabs throughout history .The comparative study of Laki proverbs with the proverbs in the Arabic is a good start  to publicize and make known  the culture of speakers of Laki. Manuscript profile
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        198 - The place of work, effort, and struggle in the Kurdish and Arabic proverbs
        Moslem Khezeli Arman Mohamadi Raigany Jahangir Amiri
        10.30495/irll.2019.669545
        The Kurdish and Arabic proverbs as a literal mirror technique of Iranian and Arabic culture have transmitted the cultural, social, and historical events of the two peoples to the next generations and have played a unique role in preserving the ancestors' thoughts and cu More
        The Kurdish and Arabic proverbs as a literal mirror technique of Iranian and Arabic culture have transmitted the cultural, social, and historical events of the two peoples to the next generations and have played a unique role in preserving the ancestors' thoughts and customs. Work, effort, and struggle are one of the important topics reflected in these proverbs and they have a valuable place. This paper seeks to compare the Kurdish and Arabic proverbs of work, struggle, and effort with a historical and descriptive-analytical approach and show the similarities between them. According to research results, work, effort, and struggle in Iranian-Islamic culture have a special place and they have always been introduced as a dynamic factor of society. Carefully, these proverbs can also be traced to the words and thoughts of the wise and the intelligent. Thus, these proverbs as a bridge between new and old generations transmit cultural, social, and historical propositions and components to new generations and encourage a work-oriented culture. Manuscript profile
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        199 - Structure and forms in Arabic Poems of Khuzestan
        ali afzali leili Abasi montazeri
        Iran is a country that has various nationalities. Each one has its own customs. They create one united nation as they are adhered to their ethnic culture in their national cultural framework. The most durable, effective and appropriate conventional art among the Arab pe More
        Iran is a country that has various nationalities. Each one has its own customs. They create one united nation as they are adhered to their ethnic culture in their national cultural framework. The most durable, effective and appropriate conventional art among the Arab people of Khuzestan is the poetry art. Poetry is so common among them. The kinds of eloquent poetries and types of folksy verses such as Abozyye, Meimer, Hose,Mavval, Naee, Chobiye, Hado, Rakban, Darami, Nayel, Dallellol, etc. are always companion of Khuzestan Arab people. In the present article, after one historical introduction to Khuzestan Arabs in details, the history of Arab poetry in this district and the most famous structures and formats of Arab poetries are explained with example Manuscript profile
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        200 - The Role-Playing of "Man" and "Mā" In the Historical Context of the Emergence of Quranic Readings
        RUHALLAH NAJAFI
        To understand the historical contexts of the emergence of Qur'anic readings, it is important to examine the repetitive patterns of reading differences. For this purpose, in the present article, we will look at the position of "Man" and "Ma" in the difference of readings More
        To understand the historical contexts of the emergence of Qur'anic readings, it is important to examine the repetitive patterns of reading differences. For this purpose, in the present article, we will look at the position of "Man" and "Ma" in the difference of readings, and by examining various evidence of the differences among the readers, we will recognize the role of "Man" and "Ma" in the emergence of readings. In the readings of the Qur'an, the various pronunciation of  "Man" as Man or Min is repeatedly seen . On the other hand, sometimes in readings outside the official Muṣḥaf, "Man" is replaced by "Ma". In addition, the hesitation between considering the wording or the meaning of "man" or "ma" has led to differences in the masculine or feminine readings of some verbs. In the present study, we want to defend the hypothesis that the flexibility of Arabic language structures, along with the fact that the official Qur'an was devoid of punctuation and Arabic symbols, led to the emergence and development of differences in readings. Manuscript profile
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        201 - Genealogy and Study of the Semantic Evolution of the Quranic Word "Sarad"
        Mojtaba Noroozi Mahnaz Tafaghodi
        According to some thinkers, sarad is one of the words entered into the Arabic language. For this word, upon entering the Arabic language, a semantic evolution has occurred. The importance and necessity of this research is due to the fact that this word has an Iranian or More
        According to some thinkers, sarad is one of the words entered into the Arabic language. For this word, upon entering the Arabic language, a semantic evolution has occurred. The importance and necessity of this research is due to the fact that this word has an Iranian origin and has changed its meaning in the Arabic language, and understanding it is effective in understanding the divine word and its miracles. With the historical and analytical method, this research analyzes the historical and genealogical origin of the word sarad, the course of its semantic evolution in the Arabic language, and the historical application of the derivatives of the word sarad in the context of the verses of the Qurʾan. The results of this research show that the word sarad is from the Persian root of "armor" and using the historical use of the word armor in ancient Iran and its widespread use in Iranian cavalry from the first dynasties and also the powerful evidence of the Shāhnameh in describing the Iranian armorers, it can be said that sarad is a Persian word with a military origin. In the Arabic language, this word has evolved into the concepts of "piercing and sewing leather", "weaving armor" and "consecutiveness of something". The word sarad is used in the Holy Qurʾan as a single use and in the sense of "rings of armor". Manuscript profile
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        202 - The Semantic of Swearing in the Quran
        Ahmad Pakatchi
        .The Semantic Study of Swearing in the Quran A Historical, Cultural Approach Aḥ mad Pākatchī Abstract The concept of swearing in the Quran has always drawn the Quran scholars’ attention. Meanwhile, the frequently mentioned clause of “lā Uqsimu” which l More
        .The Semantic Study of Swearing in the Quran A Historical, Cultural Approach Aḥ mad Pākatchī Abstract The concept of swearing in the Quran has always drawn the Quran scholars’ attention. Meanwhile, the frequently mentioned clause of “lā Uqsimu” which literally means “I won’t swear” has been a challenging issue for both the commentators and Arabic grammarians. The explanations offered for the meaning of this negative clause used in the Quran, are hard to be accepted and need a sort of revision. The method applied in this study, as appropriate to the subject, is a mixture of historical and cultural semantics. The most significant conclusion of the present study is that swearing in the culture of the Arabs at the time of the revelation, like other cultures, included a negative connotation and had a meaning close to the cursing. Thus, the Arabic clause of “lā Uqsimu” in the Quran, should be literally translated; that is with negative meaning which is required by its apparent negative structure. Manuscript profile
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        203 - بررسی ناحیه تنظیمی ژن GDF8 میوستاتین در گوسفند ایرانی
        م. کمانگر ه.ا. روشنفکر ح. گله‌داری آ.س. صدر م. ممویی م.ت. بیگی نصیری
        میوستاتین یک فاکتور رشد و عضوی از سوپر خانواده  TGFβمی‌باشد. فاکتورهای رشد TGFβ نقش تنظیمی در توسعه جنینی و هومئوستازی بافت‌ها در بلوغ دارند. جهش در نواحی کدکننده ژن میوستاتین در گاو منجر به هایپرپلازی (افزایش در تعداد فیبرها) ماهیچه‌ها و در نتیجه باعث جل More
        میوستاتین یک فاکتور رشد و عضوی از سوپر خانواده  TGFβمی‌باشد. فاکتورهای رشد TGFβ نقش تنظیمی در توسعه جنینی و هومئوستازی بافت‌ها در بلوغ دارند. جهش در نواحی کدکننده ژن میوستاتین در گاو منجر به هایپرپلازی (افزایش در تعداد فیبرها) ماهیچه‌ها و در نتیجه باعث جلوگیری در تکثیر میوبلاست‌ها می‌شود. در گاو کاهش فعالیت این ژن باعث ظهور فنوتیپ ماهیچه مضاعف می‌شود که در بعضی از نژادهای گاوهای اروپایی مشاهده می‌شود. وجود چند شکلی در ژن میوستاتین در گوسفند نیز بررسی شده است. ژن میوستاتین در توسعه ماهیچه‌ها مؤثر است. این تحقیق به‌ منظور توالی‌یابی ناحیه‌ی پروموتور ژن میوستاتین و تعیین جهش‌های احتمالی که باعث تغییر بیان ژن می‌شوند، انجام شد. در این تحقیق DNA از خون 15 گوسفند عربی و 15 گوسفند کردی استخراج گردید و برای تکثیر قطعه 1034 جفت بازی ژن میوستاتین مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. سه جهش در جایگاه 430، 450 و 530 مشاهده گردید. Manuscript profile
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        204 - اثرات کوتاه و بلند مدت اسفنج MAP بر عملکرد تولید مثلی میش‌های عربی در خارج از فصل تولید مثل
        P. Sareminejad S. Tabatabaei M. Mamouei K. Mirzadeh M. Boujarpour
        هدف از این مطالعه، بررسی راندمان تولید مثل درمان‌های کوتاه و بلند مدت پروژسترونی به همراه هورمون PMSG در میش‌های عربی در خارج از فصل تولید مثل بود. در مجموع 56 رأس گوسفند ماده به سه گروه تقسیم شدند. در گروه اول، اسفنج داخل واژنی (60 میلی‌گرم مدروکسی پروژسترون استات، MAP More
        هدف از این مطالعه، بررسی راندمان تولید مثل درمان‌های کوتاه و بلند مدت پروژسترونی به همراه هورمون PMSG در میش‌های عربی در خارج از فصل تولید مثل بود. در مجموع 56 رأس گوسفند ماده به سه گروه تقسیم شدند. در گروه اول، اسفنج داخل واژنی (60 میلی‌گرم مدروکسی پروژسترون استات، MAP) به مدت 6 روز در داخل واژن باقی ماند، در گروه دوم، اسفج مدروکسی پروژسترون استات به مدت 14 روز در واژن باقی ماند و گروه سوم، نیز به عنوان گروه کنترل در نظر گرفته شد. به دو گروه اول، پس از برداشت اسفنج میزان 600 واحد بین المللی (IU) هورمون PMSG به صورت عضلانی تزریق شد. پارامترهایی از جمله، میزان پاسخ فحلی، مدت فحلی، میزان آبستنی و میزان تزاید بین گروه‌ها مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. تفاوت معنی‌داری در میزان پاسخ فحلی و میزان تزاید بین دو گروه اول و دوم وجود نداشت (05/0<P). با این حال، دو گروه درمانی در مقایسه با گروه کنترل تفاوت معنی‌داری داشتند. در گروه اول، طول مدت فحلی به طور قابل توجهی بیشتر از گروه دوم بود (05/0>P). علاوه بر این، میزان آبستنی نیز در گروه اول به طور معنی‌داری بالاتر از گروه دوم بود (05/0>P). نتیجه‌گیری شد که درمان کوتاه مدت اسفنج (6 روز) در مقایسه با درمان بلند مدت (14 روز) در میش‌های عربی عملکرد بهتری دارد  Manuscript profile
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        205 - بررسی اثرات پروتوکل‌های مختلف پروژسترونی و سطح پایین هورمون eCG بر همزمان‌سازی فحلی در میش‌های عربی
        ف. ‌خلیلاوی م. ممویی ص. طباطبایی م. چاجی
        این آزمایش به منظور ارزیابی عملکرد تولیدمثلی میش‌‌های عربی تیمار شده با اسفنج‌های پروژسترونی کوتاه و بلند‌مدت به همراه سطح پایینی از هورمون eCG، در فصل غیر تولیدمثلی انجام گرفت. بدین منظور 36 رأس میش به سه گروه تقسیم‌بندی شدند: در گروه اول و دوم اسفنج‌های پروژسترونی (60 More
        این آزمایش به منظور ارزیابی عملکرد تولیدمثلی میش‌‌های عربی تیمار شده با اسفنج‌های پروژسترونی کوتاه و بلند‌مدت به همراه سطح پایینی از هورمون eCG، در فصل غیر تولیدمثلی انجام گرفت. بدین منظور 36 رأس میش به سه گروه تقسیم‌بندی شدند: در گروه اول و دوم اسفنج‌های پروژسترونی (60 میلی‌گرم پروژسترون استات، MAP) به ترتیب به مدت 6 و 12 روز به کار گرفته شدند، در حالیکه گروه سوم (بدون هیچ تیمار هورمونی) به عنوان گروه کنترل در نظر گرفته شد. دو گروه ابتدایی پس از حذف اسفنج پروژسترونی، 300 واحد هورمون eCG به صورت تزریق عضلانی دریافت کردند. پارامترهایی مانند نرخ پاسخ فحلی، زمان شروع فحلی، طول مدت فحلی، آبستنی، بره‌زایی و میزان تزایدگله مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. نمونه‌های خون در یک روز قبل از قرارگیری اسفنج، دو روز پس از قرار دادن اسفنج و در روز فحلی گرفته شد. اختلاف آماری معنی‌داری در میان گروه اول و دوم با گروه کنترل بر اساس سطوح استروژن و پروژسترون وجود داشت. اختلاف آماری معنی‌داری در نرخ پاسخ فحلی، زمان شروع فحلی، طول مدت فحلی، آبستنی، بره‌زایی و نرخ تزاید گله در میان گروه اول و دوم وجود نداشت (05/0<P). هرچند این اختلافات زمانی که این دو گروه با گروه کنترل مقایسه گردیدند، معنی‌دار بود. در گروه اول، طول مدت فحلی به طور معنی‌داری از گروه دوم بالاتر بود (05/0>P). به‌‌‌نظر می‌رسدکه در میش‌های عربی تیمار اسفنج کوتاه‌مدت (6 روزه) دارای عملکرد بهتری در مقایسه با تیمار اسفنج بلندمدت (12 روزه) بوده است. Manuscript profile
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        206 - The effect of educational views of ancient Iranians on the Farsi language with emphasis on the Sadie's seventh chapter of Boostan
        vahid Sabzianpour
        Sadie has composed the seventh chapter of Boostan under the title of in the world of education. His purpose in composing this chapter is to teach the methods of education and ethics. Most of researchers believe that Sadie's works, especially this part, is under influenc More
        Sadie has composed the seventh chapter of Boostan under the title of in the world of education. His purpose in composing this chapter is to teach the methods of education and ethics. Most of researchers believe that Sadie's works, especially this part, is under influence of Arabic culture and Islamic thoughts.  This article shows that the source of Sadie's thoughts in the issues of education is coordinated well both with Arabic and Iranian culture. The results of this research represent the necessity of attention to the Arabic sources for discovering of the ancient Iranians' views and its effect on Persian literature. The chronological sequence of Iranians' point of view to Arabic and Islamic thoughts shows that the people of the Persians were familiar with so many of educational and ethical affairs which today considered as Islamic or Arabic. Therefore, they have gone beyond the field of Iranian culture and Pahlavi texts and have entered to the realm of Arabic culture. Unfortunately, the references to the Iranian view in the explanation and interpretation of Persian texts have been neglected by researchers, so it is necessary to pay attention not only to the effectiveness of the Persian literature from the Arab literature but also to the effectiveness of the Iranian culture. Manuscript profile
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        207 - The long-term and short-term factors affecting the Arab Revolutions
        Garineh Keshishyan Siraki Majid Alavian
        w
        w Manuscript profile
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        208 - Reexamining Significant Myths in Maad Jabouri 's Poetry
        Ezzat Molla Ebrahimi Ali Akbar Reisi
        10.30495/mmlq.2024.709040
        The employment of myth and traditional heritage is a significant aspect of modern Arabic poetry. Contemporary poets utilize myth to convey their intended ideas indirectly and by deviating from conventional language norms, enabling them to express their contemporary ex More
        The employment of myth and traditional heritage is a significant aspect of modern Arabic poetry. Contemporary poets utilize myth to convey their intended ideas indirectly and by deviating from conventional language norms, enabling them to express their contemporary experiences. Maad Jabouri, a contemporary Iraqi poet, has also been influenced by mythological heritage to enhance his poetry and articulate his thoughts, representing the aspirations and concerns of the people of Iraq and the Arab world. The poet recognizes the delicate atmosphere of the era and endeavors to inform the Muslim nations so they can address these concerns. The authors of the present study, employing an analytical-descriptive method with the intention of expressing the poet's concerns in the political and social realms, aim to identify the most crucial semantic implications of myth in Maad Jabouri's poetry. The study's findings suggest that Jabouri, inspired by the mythological legacy, has employed diverse non-conventional myths to create meaning and accentuate the text. These myths illustrate the poet's desires, passions, and concerns in various ways. In Jabouri's poetry, all mythological characters embody political and social concerns and lament a shared suffering. Additionally, they yearn for Iraq's independence and political freedom, as well as the establishment of social justice within the country. Manuscript profile
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        209 - Common Themes in Persian and Arabic "Habsiyyehs"
        صادق ابراهیمی کاوری رحیمه چولانیان
          "Habsiyyeh" is a kind of lyric poem, similar to an ode, the prevalent theme of which is "the prison" and "the prisoner". the prison, its walls and door, iron collar, chains, prisoners and the jailer as well as nostalgic feelings of the prisoner, his inner sentim More
          "Habsiyyeh" is a kind of lyric poem, similar to an ode, the prevalent theme of which is "the prison" and "the prisoner". the prison, its walls and door, iron collar, chains, prisoners and the jailer as well as nostalgic feelings of the prisoner, his inner sentiments, being away from relatives, the days and nights of the prison, and freedom are all subjects of habsiyyeh. The present article tries to examine Persian and Arabic Habsiyyehs and their common themes with respect to common cultural, social and religious backgrounds.     Manuscript profile
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        210 - Cow in Ancient Arabic Literature: A Mythological Approach
        Bāgher Ghorbāni Zarrin
        Sacredness of animals, namely cow, is a common theme in all myths. Cow, as the first mythological animal, has an important role in different nations, which is reflected in their literature. By a mythological analysis, a new interpretation can be proposed about the role More
        Sacredness of animals, namely cow, is a common theme in all myths. Cow, as the first mythological animal, has an important role in different nations, which is reflected in their literature. By a mythological analysis, a new interpretation can be proposed about the role of cow in ancient Arabic literature. Applying a comparative mythological analysis, in this article, we try to study themes like the “battle of bison and hounds”, “cows and bearing rain”, and “cow and genies” in ancient Arabic literature.          Manuscript profile
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        211 - Analysis of intertextual theory in the field of Arabic literary criticism, translations provided from it and introduction of elders in this Field
        sajad arabi hamidreza gholami
        The concept of intertextuality was introduced in 1982 by Siza Qasim in an article called “Paradoxical view in contemporary Arabic stories” in the discourse of  contemporary Arabic criticism. This theory was accom pained by different reactions from Arab More
        The concept of intertextuality was introduced in 1982 by Siza Qasim in an article called “Paradoxical view in contemporary Arabic stories” in the discourse of  contemporary Arabic criticism. This theory was accom pained by different reactions from Arab critics and they have provided different translation of it, and have different views and same have theorized about this and they raised view that had hot been raised in this field until then.In the present study, an attempt is made to study and analyze intertextual theory in the field of Arabic literary criticism by descriptive-analytical method, and to examine the most important efforts and works of authors in this field in the Arab world. The results show that the efforts of contemporary Arab critics on intertextuality have taken two trends so far which are: The first is to refer to the field of ancient criticism and adapt this theory to the critical heritage, and the second is to suffice with the new form of intertextual theory without referring to the ancient heritage of literary criticism.Contemporary Arab critics have made great strides in both practical and theoretical terms, Their efforts and achievements in this field and other new theories show this. Manuscript profile
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        212 - Conceptual metaphor of anger in Sange-Sabour, Sound and Fury and Miramar
        nasrin Mahmoudi Barmasi maryam Iraji Jinuss Shirvan
        This article is a descriptive-analytical research based on conceptual metaphor theory (CMT), which studies the conceptual metaphors of the field of anger in three fictional works of Sange Sabour (Persian), Sound and Fury (English) and Miramar (Arabic). The findings of t More
        This article is a descriptive-analytical research based on conceptual metaphor theory (CMT), which studies the conceptual metaphors of the field of anger in three fictional works of Sange Sabour (Persian), Sound and Fury (English) and Miramar (Arabic). The findings of the research show that one of the most frequent source domains that all three authors have used to express the abstract concept of anger is the specific metaphor "ANGER IS AN OBJECT / TOOL". Of course, just by having one common source domain, it is not possible to strongly emphasize the universality of conceptual metaphors, and the existing differences indicate culture-specificity of these specific metaphors.But in relation to Generic- level metaphors in these stories, it was found that all three writers, Sadegh Chubak, William Faulkner, and Najib Mahfouz, have benefited the most from the Generic- level metaphor "EMOTIONS ARE OBJECT" in the field of anger, and it can be said that at the Generic- level of metaphors, The universality of metaphors can be confirmed. Manuscript profile
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        213 - The kinds of symbol in Arabic Contemporary Poetry
        Baqer Qorbani Zarin
        The Symbol has been discussed in Arabic Literature from a long time ago. Even some poems written by Imru’ al-Qays and Zuhayr are considered symbolic. In Arabic literature, this concept appeared after emerging the Symbolism school in France. Mane poets and writers More
        The Symbol has been discussed in Arabic Literature from a long time ago. Even some poems written by Imru’ al-Qays and Zuhayr are considered symbolic. In Arabic literature, this concept appeared after emerging the Symbolism school in France. Mane poets and writers welcomed this school and filled their work with different symbols. The varieties of these cases are so much, so we can fill a lot of papers and volumes with. Hence, in this essay we’ll just investigate the Symbolism in Arabic Contemporary Literature. Even in this case, gathering all related materials spends a lot of time; therefore, only prominent instances of Symbolism in Contemporary Arabic poetry have been analyzed. Symbol analysis has major effect on stating poems’ contents and themes; if the ‘Symbol’ won’t be identified and interpreted correctly, the poem’s whole content would be incomprehensible. For presenting the Symbolism generally, it hasn’t sufficed to a single country’s poets; and by dividing symbols, which was for the first time in this way, it was attempt to draw an overall image about symbolism in Arabic Contemporary Literature. Manuscript profile
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        214 - Aesthetic study of Qoranic vocabularies on the subject of personification in Arabic and Persian Literature.
        Hosein Ghadami
        In rhetorical studies by focusing on rhetorical knowledge which is a miraculous aspect, in divine verses is an organizer element and is very impressive to convey the meanings to the audiences. The beauty of these vocabularies come from personified and humanized words wi More
        In rhetorical studies by focusing on rhetorical knowledge which is a miraculous aspect, in divine verses is an organizer element and is very impressive to convey the meanings to the audiences. The beauty of these vocabularies come from personified and humanized words with pleasure of hearing melodies, enjoyment of intelligence and ear, emotional joy and suitability of verses in psychological verses. In such expression divine vocabularies arrange themselves by personifying and making creatures wise. And in addition to their aesthetic rhetorical expressions, they appear in weaving art, too. This unknown late-named literary term rely on achievements and works of great rhetoricians and by working on contemporary rhetorical culture gets new name, personification. Its background goes before revelation of Qoran. And it shows itself more in divine verses and become a subject for Persian and Arabic Literature. This topic is the continuation of rhetoricians’ discussions about metaphor and it is completely different from animism. Because recognizing the participations of word in personification, by making the meanings clear is achievable. It has rational satisfaction and has effect on emotion and sentiment. This article with humility and respect tries to present the aesthetic inspired words in art and personification respectfully to friends. Manuscript profile
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        215 - The manifestation of contemplation poetry of Ilia Abu Mazi in view of religious instructions in elegiace poem of Talasem
        Farhad Divsalar Zahra Shahbazi
        The contemplation poetry is nowdays considearbl as one of the important poetic schools especially in Arabic literature, which has lots of influence in modern Arabic literature. In this type of literature, the poet try to challenge thought via talent and elegance. Ilia More
        The contemplation poetry is nowdays considearbl as one of the important poetic schools especially in Arabic literature, which has lots of influence in modern Arabic literature. In this type of literature, the poet try to challenge thought via talent and elegance. Ilia Abu Mazi is one of the best representatives of contemplations poetry and the field of his thought and questions are very different and variable. In present investigation, we decide to reflect and manifest parts of thinking backgrounds and deliberations of the profound deep-sighting immigrant Ilia Abu Mazi. We try to focuse on one of the most important elegiace poem of Ilia Abu mazi (Talasem) in view of religious instructions in order to answer for his questions using Qoran. Manuscript profile
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        216 - Review common and Antithetical Weasel interpretation of Al-tebyan from Sheikh Tusi
        Fatemeh Rahmat
        In any language the general rule is based on this state that each word only impose for one meaning. In other word, for a meaning only one word must exist. But sometimes some conditions and opportunities creates in language which causes implication of various words on on More
        In any language the general rule is based on this state that each word only impose for one meaning. In other word, for a meaning only one word must exist. But sometimes some conditions and opportunities creates in language which causes implication of various words on one meaning or implication of one word on various meanings, it means verbal sharing. The viewpoints of Arab linguists in the past and in new centuries and existing of different opinions in acceptance or denying of verbal sharing, make this discussion suitable for research and study. Doubtlessly, recognizing discussion about verbal sharing  in linguistic and considering opinions of linguists in the past and p Manuscript profile
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        217 - Influences of Arabic Spring and Color revolutions in Central Asia and the Caucasus
        Habibollah Abolhassan Shirazi
        Abstract Arabic uprisings which began from Tunisia and developed to Egypt, Morocco, Jordan, Libya, Syria, Yemen and Bahrain, there was some questions to mind that the uprising could spread to other parts of the world? Possibility of long-term instability into Eurasia in More
        Abstract Arabic uprisings which began from Tunisia and developed to Egypt, Morocco, Jordan, Libya, Syria, Yemen and Bahrain, there was some questions to mind that the uprising could spread to other parts of the world? Possibility of long-term instability into Eurasia in general and in the Caucasus and Central Asia in particular have created serious concerns about the occurrence of similar uprisings against the political regimes in the region. Arabic uprisings leading to the establishment of authoritarian regimes and prevent their societies form any development conditions. There are some similarities between the communist societies of the Soviet Union and the Arabic societies such as widespread corruption, lack of atmosphere of competitive politics and the gap between rich and poor class. Appearance of some colored revolutions in the CIS countries have also considered as an unexpected event in the third millennium.   This paper attempts to answer these questions that why and how Arabic Spring happened? How we can analysis influences of Arabic Spring in Central Asia and the Caucasus? This paper also investigates the formation of color revolutions in the Eurasia, causes and factors which influenced in Georgia, Ukraine and Kyrgyzstan developments. Manuscript profile
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        218 - Political Islam and the West Asian Security Order
        Jahanbakhsh Izadi Hamidreza Akbari
        Abstract To draw Security horizon ofWest Asian region- after Arabic revolutions in 2011- it is imperative to analyze variables and important elements such as political Islam. On this basis, the main currents of political Islam and discourses of recent developments affec More
        Abstract To draw Security horizon ofWest Asian region- after Arabic revolutions in 2011- it is imperative to analyze variables and important elements such as political Islam. On this basis, the main currents of political Islam and discourses of recent developments affecting the region. In this context, the Islamists behavior can be studied in three main categories: 1. extremism and violence in the Middle East, with the advent of emerging trends Takfiri like ISIL. 2. Inability to maintain power and sovereignty by the genuine political Islam movements like the Muslim Brotherhood. 3. Change activism in the resistance movement. The situation of West Asian region is in a period full of tension and chaos with war, Violence and religious and ethnic division’s experiences.The main question is what is the position of political Islam in the development of security order in the Middle East? This article attempts to explore by exploring trends, driving forces and scenarios of political Islam and Islamic movements, and their role in shaping the regional security order in Middle East. Manuscript profile
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        219 - Constructivism analysis of Turkish new foreign policy and competition with the Islamic Republic of Iran
        Mohammadmansour Azimzadeh Hossein Masoudnia Javad Emamjomezadeh
        Abstract: By Turkey's Islamists coming to power in 2002 and the victory of Justice and Development Party, a model of foreign policy making has been formed by political leaders of this country titled "Neo-Ottomanism". Components ruling this policy-making were "zeroing pr More
        Abstract: By Turkey's Islamists coming to power in 2002 and the victory of Justice and Development Party, a model of foreign policy making has been formed by political leaders of this country titled "Neo-Ottomanism". Components ruling this policy-making were "zeroing problems with neighbors" on one hand, and efforts to provide new face of Muslim Turkey as "model of democracy, freedom and human rights" in Middle East and other peripheral regions of this country. The aim of Neo-Ottomanism was revival of the cultural, political, economic and even military influence of the country on regions that were considered part of Ottoman Empire in near historical past. Adopting and persuasion of this policy led to increase in influence of this country in Middle East, especially in Arabic revolutions and faces Iranian traditional and strategic areas and interests in Middle East to create major issues in bilateral relations of two countries. Investigation of why and how this meeting of interests that are mainly affected by foreign policy of Neo-Ottomanism of Turkey is the aim of this study. The research findings gathered by cross-sectional study, and using library resources and documents in constructivism theory suggest that the norms and identity of Turkey's Islamist government policy makers are in conflict with Iranian policymakers, so, it is observed that Turkey's Neo-Ottomanism would meet of interests between the two countries in the Middle East. Manuscript profile
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        220 - Russian Foreign Policy in the Middle East
        Mohammad Sohrabi
        Appearance of Revolutions in North Africa and its exposure to the Middle East has led to regional and trans-regional actors to adopt different approaches to the Middle East region. Russia, as a trans-regional actor in the history of the region dates back to the Tsars wh More
        Appearance of Revolutions in North Africa and its exposure to the Middle East has led to regional and trans-regional actors to adopt different approaches to the Middle East region. Russia, as a trans-regional actor in the history of the region dates back to the Tsars which during the uprising has changed its approach to the region and in each of the countries has risen due to the benefits of its instruments, has adopted a different policy. Middle East and focus on the various issues, one of the important issues to Moscow, especially in the second term of Putin presidency, have paid much attention to it. Top diplomatic traffic between the Middle East to Moscow and back, it reflects the kind of mobility in Russia's Middle East policy is different from past decades. It seems that in the wake of developments since September 11, 2001, and particularly in America's military efforts in Afghanistan and Iraq that led to the proliferation of religious fundamentalism and anti-American sentiment in the Middle East, Russia has a greater interest among state and local communities, governments and the public have been mentioned, a situation of this country, it thinks itself to welcome advantage. The paper suggests that the popular uprisings in the Middle East as "Arabic revolutions" led the first Russian politics with the revolution in the form of cooperation with the West in advance but later due to concerns about increasing America's presence in the region and extend this process to Eurasia, policy trends and revolutionary opposition to support governments in the form of confrontation with the West followed. This paper considers Russia's approach to the popular uprisings and revolutions in the Middle East. Manuscript profile
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        221 - The arrival of the Arabic language in India and its reflection in the Middle East
        Abolfath Momeni
        Manuscript profile
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        222 - Studying the Origin and Roots of Some Farsi and Arabic Proverbs
        Ya'ghoob Moghdimi
        Abstract         A proverb is a kind of terse and well-known expression which has a cautionary story or event in itself. To understand the historical culture and manners of a nation, the proverbs are of basic matters which have seriou More
        Abstract         A proverb is a kind of terse and well-known expression which has a cautionary story or event in itself. To understand the historical culture and manners of a nation, the proverbs are of basic matters which have serious values. Most of the proverbs, in addition to have real illustration of people's life, are the indications of mutual impact in the different ethnic cultures. Meanwhile, the effect of the Arabic and Persian cultures on each other, because of their contiguity, commercial relations, acceptance of Islam by Iranians, Arabs' dominance on great parts of Iran, is undeniable. We have selected some fairly important Arabic and Persian proverbs in this research and studied their themes, origin and their similarities and dissimilarities. Manuscript profile
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        223 - Studying the Grammatical Stance of the Qur'anic Verses and Arabic Poetry and Expressions in the " Nafsatol Masdoor "
        Somayyeh Abbasi Nasab
        Abstract           After Islam, because of close connection between the Arabic and Persian prose and poetry, there was much affectability in Persian works, especially from the Holy Qur'an, tradition and narratives. The Nafsa More
        Abstract           After Islam, because of close connection between the Arabic and Persian prose and poetry, there was much affectability in Persian works, especially from the Holy Qur'an, tradition and narratives. The Nafsatol Masdoor from Shahaboddin Mohammad Zeidari Nassavi, is one of the Persian reliable history and one of the rhetoric masterpieces of technical prose. Of the prominent characteristics of this book is the usage of poetry, verse, tradition and Arabic parables that the author, by the method of writers of the 6th, 7th, and 8th centuries has adorned his prose with them and used by supplementary combination to emphasize and complement of incomplete meaning in Persian expressions, as the appositive sentence for simile and allegory , as an adverb, description and quality. One of the cases which has been highlighted in this research is the grammatical stance of the verses and Arabic expressions in the prose of this book which have been used as a complement column in the roles of attributed, object, added as attributed complement in the sentences. The writer has skillfully used the Qur'anic verses to beautify the atmosphere of sentences and also demonstrating the art of his authorship. Manuscript profile
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        224 - The Role of Arabic Language and Literature in the Transfer of Islamic Culture and Civilization to Andalusia
        enayatolah fatehinejad mohammadhossein ashraf
        The subject of this research is the expression of the role of Arabic language and literature in the transfer of Islamic culture and civilization to modern Spain (Islamic Andalusia). This mapping began since 92 AH, the beginning of the Muslim presence in this land, and l More
        The subject of this research is the expression of the role of Arabic language and literature in the transfer of Islamic culture and civilization to modern Spain (Islamic Andalusia). This mapping began since 92 AH, the beginning of the Muslim presence in this land, and lasted for nearly 8 centuries. What was transferred to Andalusia as a heritage of Islamic culture and civilization during this period is in the form of written works and oral narrations, which are often translated into Arabic and its use requires the familiarity of Andalusians with this language. In this article, based on descriptive-analytical method, the main question has been what is the role of Arabic language as a bridge between Islamic culture and civilization in the East and Christian Spain in the West? According to the findings of this study, Islamic culture and civilization spread in Andalusia during the 8th century, especially in the first centuries of Islam, where almost all of its content could be transmitted in Arabic and only in this language. As a result, the Arabic language became important to both the people of Andalusia and the rulers for the transmission of religious teachings as well as the connection of Andalusians with the government. Subsequently, steps were taken to address the existing needs, such as the establishment of schools, libraries, and the transfer of scientific resources and scholars from the East to Andalusia. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        225 - Analysis and evaluation of the Iranian resistance from the arrival of the Arabs to the Umayyad caliphate: Its effect on the Identify of Iranians
        Afshin Eshkevar kiaei
        10.30495/psq.2023.1993853.2227
        This article examines the confrontation and resistance of the Iranians against the subjugation of the Islamic-Arab identity of the Arabs (especially the Umayyads) from the time of the arrival of the Muslim Arabs until before the Abbasids came to power. On the one hand, More
        This article examines the confrontation and resistance of the Iranians against the subjugation of the Islamic-Arab identity of the Arabs (especially the Umayyads) from the time of the arrival of the Muslim Arabs until before the Abbasids came to power. On the one hand, this study refers to the strategies of groups and currents that tried to escape from the relations and mechanisms of subjugation of Arab-Islamic identity with various forms of resistance, and on the other hand, it examines the results of these resistances on Iranian identity.The results of this study show that the resistance of Iranians was irregularly distributed among different currents and groups and the centers of resistance were different according to the time and place that occurred: Sometimes by relying on their own thoughts and ideas (like the Zonbilis) and sometimes by relying on non-Iranian forces such as the Kharijites; Others accompanied the Arabs and joined the Islamic army as infantry in the hope of trophy or fearing for their lives; Others, hoping for revenge on the Arab fighters, went to the support of any force opposed to the central caliphate so that they could resist the central caliphate and escape Arab domination. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        226 - Simple Style Writing and Arabic terms in Ali Dashti’s Prose
        Sayyed Mahmood Elham Bakhsh Zohreh Ramazani
        Ali Dashti (1273-1360) is one of the distinguished writers who upon  publishing the notes”Ayyam Mahbas” in 1301 joined the simple style writing movement in Contemporary Prose.  Apart from this work, many other works in variety of genres such as tra More
        Ali Dashti (1273-1360) is one of the distinguished writers who upon  publishing the notes”Ayyam Mahbas” in 1301 joined the simple style writing movement in Contemporary Prose.  Apart from this work, many other works in variety of genres such as translation, journalism, story, and literary criticism all share this characteristic.  However, in his prose, particularly his first works, there are considerable numbers of Arabic terms which apparently deviates his prose from the simplicity in terms of choice of diction. The density of such terms has drawn the attention of critics to an extent which they regard this feature as a great shortcoming in his writing style and even comparing his prose particularly in his articles with that of his contemporaries,  they place his prose alongside courtly prose and regard it as a continuation of the same tradition. In this article, the impact of Arabic terms on the simplicity of Dashti’s prose, in particular his critical works is investigated. Manuscript profile

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