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Open Access Article
1 - The Rise and Fall of the Chaks in Kashmir (962-993 A.D.)
مریم معینینیا هادی عالمزادهThe Chak family emigrated to Kashmir in the Sahh Dyve Rajah government(701-720 A.D), and a branch of them under Pando Chaks leadership was settled in Trehgāmand served Shahmiri,s soltans at administrative and army positions and converted to the Imami school coincided wi MoreThe Chak family emigrated to Kashmir in the Sahh Dyve Rajah government(701-720 A.D), and a branch of them under Pando Chaks leadership was settled in Trehgāmand served Shahmiri,s soltans at administrative and army positions and converted to the Imami school coincided with the arrival of Mir shams al-Din Muhammad Iraqi to Kashmir.This article is investigated the rise and fall of the Shiite branch of this family and its role and function in the political, social and cultural aspects of Kashmir in a descriptive-analytical method based on historical texts, particularly the Baharestan Shahi. Although Chaks ruled over the territory of Kashmir in a short period (962-993 AD), and by their internal conflicts and presence of Mongols in India-Babryan invasion-,were able to extend their authority and effective actions, to develop the Shiite school in this land so that there is today. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Urban Spaces Conformity with the Indicators of Age- Friendly City; Case of Chahar Bagh-e Abbasi Street of Isfahan
Ayoub IranshahiThe increase in the aging population has become one of the biggest concerns of the modern world. Iran is no exception and according to estimations if the status quo continues with the growth in the aging population, an explosion in the aging population will happen in Ir MoreThe increase in the aging population has become one of the biggest concerns of the modern world. Iran is no exception and according to estimations if the status quo continues with the growth in the aging population, an explosion in the aging population will happen in Iran's near future.age-friendly city was introduced by world health organization as a new approach in urban planning. This research aimed at extracting indicators of age-friendly urban spaces and evaluation of conformity of Chahar Bagh-e Abbasi Street of Isfahan with age-friendly city indicators. In this descriptive-analytical research, Library studies were used for extracting relevant indicators of quality in the age-friendly urban spaces. Then, for evaluating indicators, based on formula defined by the authors and Standards, GIS software and fieldwork were used and finally the desirability of all indicators was offered. In conclusion some indicators such as access to the water closets, access to public transportation and access to rest area were recognized as the best indicators while, some indicators such as blocks scale and pedestrian crossing were recognized as the worst indicators. The increase in the aging population has become one of the biggest concerns of the modern world. Iran is no exception and according to estimations if the status quo continues with the growth in the aging population, an explosion in the aging population will happen in Iran's near future.age-friendly city was introduced by world health organization as a new approach in urban planning. This research aimed at extracting indicators of age-friendly urban spaces and evaluation of conformity of Chahar Bagh-e Abbasi Street of Isfahan with age-friendly city indicators. In this descriptive-analytical research, Library studies were used for extracting relevant indicators of quality in the age-friendly urban spaces. Then, for evaluating indicators, based on formula defined by the authors and Standards, GIS software and fieldwork were used and finally the desirability of all indicators was offered. In conclusion some indicators such as access to the water closets, access to public transportation and access to rest area were recognized as the best indicators while, some indicators such as blocks scale and pedestrian crossing were recognized as the worst indicators. The increase in the aging population has become one of the biggest concerns of the modern world. Iran is no exception and according to estimations if the status quo continues with the growth in the aging population, an explosion in the aging population will happen in Iran's near future.age-friendly city was introduced by world health organization as a new approach in urban planning. This research aimed at extracting indicators of age-friendly urban spaces and evaluation of conformity of Chahar Bagh-e Abbasi Street of Isfahan with age-friendly city indicators. In this descriptive-analytical research, Library studies were used for extracting relevant indicators of quality in the age-friendly urban spaces. Then, for evaluating indicators, based on formula defined by the authors and Standards, GIS software and fieldwork were used and finally the desirability of all indicators was offered. In conclusion some indicators such as access to the water closets, Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Maharishi Vedic Architecture and Quality of Life: An International Mixed Methods Study of Lived Experience
Lee Fergusson Sanford Nidich Anna Bonshek Randi Nidich -
Open Access Article
4 - Methodology of Allame Majlisi’s in-Interpretation Jurisprudential Verses
Adeleh Rahmani Alireza Abedi Sarasia Seyed Mohammad Taghi habooli DorafshanJuridical interpretation is one of the oldest and most useful Methods of interpretation of the Quran that commentator is extracted juridical sentences from the Jurisprudential Verses. So many interpretations have been written with different viewpoints and methods which MoreJuridical interpretation is one of the oldest and most useful Methods of interpretation of the Quran that commentator is extracted juridical sentences from the Jurisprudential Verses. So many interpretations have been written with different viewpoints and methods which knowing them helps to more understanding of God's intention. We can find these interpretations not only in interpretative books or Jurisprudential Verses but also in juridical or narrative ones. One of these sources is Allame Majlisi’s one hundred and ten volumes Bihar al-Anwar. Although this book is a hadith collection but valuable comments about the verses and ahadis makes it as a Shia Encyclopedia. In this paper, with descriptive and analytical way and information which is collected through documents and books, at first a definition of Jurisprudential Verses is mentioned and went on to explain about the history, famous Jurisprudential Verses books and the way which has been written. Finally some points about him and his interpretative method with the views of other Shia scholars are expressed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Measuring the factors of physical-spatial failure affecting the occurrence of crimes with emphasis on sustainable development (Case study of Baharestan city)
Hojatollah Pashapour Mostafa Tavakoli Naghmaeh fereshteh jasemnejadBackground: The unregulated development of urban communities in recent decades is considered by many experts as one of the factors underlying the occurrence of crimes and insecurity in urban areas.Method: In this research, which was carried out with a descriptive-analyt MoreBackground: The unregulated development of urban communities in recent decades is considered by many experts as one of the factors underlying the occurrence of crimes and insecurity in urban areas.Method: In this research, which was carried out with a descriptive-analytical method, an attempt was made to investigate the situation of theft and brawl crimes in Baharestan city. And factor analysis has been used to measure physical and spatial factors of security failureFindings: In this context, by distributing a questionnaire whose validity in spss software was 0.72, we asked the opinion of the citizens of Baharestan city regarding the situation, and the results indicated the unfavorable security situation of this city with a single sample T index of -17.4. . Factor analysis also shows that things like deserted space with index 0.83, interference of uses with index 0.80, space attracting men with index 0.76, spaces that can be avoided with index 0.54, winding passages with index 0.43, hidden and covered spaces Mass vegetation, which is in the next ranks, has been one of the factors affecting physical and spatial insufficiency, which is effective in the creation and development of insecurity, especially in the areas of theft and conflict, which has challenged the realization of sustainable development in security and social dimensions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Analysis of sprawl on Chabahar urban border with Heldern and Entropy Shanon models
roghayieh golvarey karamatollah Zayyari alireza estelajiToday more than half of the population live in urban cities . One of the most important characteristics of urbanization is rapid physical expansion of the city in horizontal distribution and irregular expansion of the city outside of physical limits are one of them . Du MoreToday more than half of the population live in urban cities . One of the most important characteristics of urbanization is rapid physical expansion of the city in horizontal distribution and irregular expansion of the city outside of physical limits are one of them . Due to growth of population especially after the establishing of free trade Zone ,Chabahar city has faced rapidly growth in physical dimension .so the importance of examining the physical expansion o tge city it has been studied between from 1984 and 2019. The present research is descriptive and analytical.The research method in the present study is in terms of the type of developmental applied research and by using Heldern and Entropy Shanon models it has analysed how the physical space expansion of this city .The results of using and analyzing theses models show that these periods have been the physical and non dense physical expansion paving the way for the city unplanned sprawl growth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Regional development, urban growth and Social pathology (case study: Chabahar)
حسن AfrakhtehThe port city of Chabahar is the administrative center of Chabahar which is locatedin coastal Gulf of Chabahar in Sistan and Baluchestan province. The Chabahar tradeand industrial free zone had been approved in 1991, started its activities in 1993.The main aims of the f MoreThe port city of Chabahar is the administrative center of Chabahar which is locatedin coastal Gulf of Chabahar in Sistan and Baluchestan province. The Chabahar tradeand industrial free zone had been approved in 1991, started its activities in 1993.The main aims of the free zone was optimum use of regional potentials, foreigninvestment absorption, job creation, reducing the oil economic dependency andeconomic development of south-east of Iran.The activities of free zone caused absorption of investments as well as sharpincrease in population of Chabahar city.In this paper firstly, the role of non local capital in a traditional society haveinvestigated. Then functional irregularities and social pathology resulted fromsocial and spatial structure of city has analysed. At the end some correctingviewpoints have suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Comparison of pyroclastic units (pumice & lahar) in mallar and reyneh valleys at Damavand volcano
Amirhoushang Shirazi Manuchehr FarajzadehMain objective of this research is comparison between pyroclastic of Malar and Raynah valleys in Yakhar basin in south-east of Damavand volcano. studing of pyroclastic is very important in recognition of Dmavand volcano.this research is based on descriptive &ndash MoreMain objective of this research is comparison between pyroclastic of Malar and Raynah valleys in Yakhar basin in south-east of Damavand volcano. studing of pyroclastic is very important in recognition of Dmavand volcano.this research is based on descriptive – analytical and using Rayneh Topographic map and Geological map of Damavand, G.P.S AND G.I.S Software.A characteristic of the Reyneh deposite is that clasts below 10 cm are mostly light grey and vescular when broken open, while most larger clasts are dark grey to black.Mallar deposite is whiter than Ryneh pumice most of mallar pumices are fall but most of reyenah pumices are flow. .volume of lahar is more in reyenah. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - The Clarification of Monthly Precipitation Fluctuations in Ahar Station in relation to the Tele-connection Patterns
Ali Mohammad Khorshiddoust Yousef Ghavidel RahimiAuthors have studied the precipitation fluctuations and rainfall changes inAhar synoptic station in this paper, applying long term monthly records for the47 year period (1960-2006). Results of using Man-Kendal test indicatesignificant correlation between precipitation c MoreAuthors have studied the precipitation fluctuations and rainfall changes inAhar synoptic station in this paper, applying long term monthly records for the47 year period (1960-2006). Results of using Man-Kendal test indicatesignificant correlation between precipitation changes and tele-connectionpatterns in the study area. With regard to this matter, the relationship of autumnprecipitation with El-Nino atmospheric-oceanic pattern (so-called ENSO) duringwarm phase increases precipitation and the same linkages with La-Nina duringcold phases enhances droughts. The correlation of winter precipitation with teleconnectionpatterns of Northern Atlantic and Arctic Ocean has been alsosignificant in such a way that during the North Atlantic negative phases themagnitude of incoming cyclones to the area creates higher rates and on the otherhand, in positive phase causes a decrease in precipitation due to the dominanceof Azure Anticyclone. Testing of Standardized Precipitation Indexes (SPI) forevaluating monthly wet and dry periods also indicates that the occasionaloccurrence of drought periods in the area is irreversible. The independence ofmonthly wet and dry periods is also one of the main results of this study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Curve Number (CN) Calculating and Zonation of Subbasins Case study: Ahar Chay Basin
بهروز SariOne of the most important Physical factors in basin is the time of concentration. Bacause,there is the curve number (CN) factor in calculating the time of concentration,so that is nessecity for some researches in soil penetration, landuse and surface savecoefficient fil MoreOne of the most important Physical factors in basin is the time of concentration. Bacause,there is the curve number (CN) factor in calculating the time of concentration,so that is nessecity for some researches in soil penetration, landuse and surface savecoefficient filds.In this paper, the mentioned items are calculated which contain sampling all of casesurface and determining the soil penetration. Next stage contains recognizing soilpenetration Zonns, landuse of basin and those maps.Presenting the hypothesizes and subbasins recognizations were the next stages thatlead to calculating CN amount in surface basin and CN polygon maps.Finally, amount of time of concentration of basin and subbasin (by hour) based onsoil conservation service(SCS) relation are calculated that are useful in hydrologicalcalculations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Evaluation of the citizen's satisfaction with the quality of urban parks (Case Study: Ahar city parks)
Maryam Naser Asghar MohammadiIntroduction and Objective: One of factors that shape urban parks are and because of its considerable green space, in addition to creating beautiful landscapes and lush environmental effects due to the large share of their beautiful city. This study aimed to evalu MoreIntroduction and Objective: One of factors that shape urban parks are and because of its considerable green space, in addition to creating beautiful landscapes and lush environmental effects due to the large share of their beautiful city. This study aimed to evaluate the satisfaction of citizens of the state of urban parks is done Ahar. Method: The present research combines documentary methods of, analytical and survey (questionnaire) is used as the field distribution of the questionnaire was conducted between the residents of Ahar. And uses SPSS software to analyze the action is final. The population for this study is based on 321 Cochran formulas. Results: The results indicate that over 60% of respondents state parks have been poor. Statistical results showed that residents' satisfaction with the state parks Ahar below average (5> 2.38> 1, with mean 3) were evaluated. Conclusion:The single-sample T-test results showed that the value of T is significant at the 99% level considerably Comments below the average of the scores of moderate (3) is. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Local Communities Attitudes towards the Construction of the Beheshtabad Reservoir Dam in the Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province
Esmail Karamidehkord Ladan Naderi Soleiman BahmaniConstructing reservoir dams for water storage and inter-basin water transfer is one of the main policies of recent decades in Iran for providing water that can have numerous positive or negative impacts on dam-affected local communities living in origin basin or people MoreConstructing reservoir dams for water storage and inter-basin water transfer is one of the main policies of recent decades in Iran for providing water that can have numerous positive or negative impacts on dam-affected local communities living in origin basin or people living in the receiving watersheds. This research aimed to investigate local communities' attitude towards the construction of the Beheshtabad reservoir dam in the Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province using a survey methodology. A sample of 200 out of 3514 households of the origin basin who may be affected if the dam is constructed was randomly selected. The data were collected using the structured interview technique and a questionnaire confirmed in terms of validity and reliability measures. Local communities tended to have negative attitude towards constructing the dam, particularly that it would cause the destruction of the basin's environment and nature and escalating rural-urban migration and socio-cultural abnormalities of local communities. Regression analysis showed that the attitude is explained by dependency on natural resources, having agricultural occupation, land area, the number of days working as nonagricultural laborer, access to external services and facilities and income from handcraft production. The households with higher dependency on natural resources and with occupations depended on the area, particularly agriculture and sales occupation, had higher negative attitudes, while the households who worked outside the origin basin, specially nonagricultural workers, and the households with higher access to external services and facilities and resources less affected by the dam had less negative attitudes towards the dam construction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Performance Evaluation of M5 Tree Model and Support Vector Regression Methods in Suspended Sediment Load Modeling
Mohammad Taghi Sattari علی رضازاده جودی Forugh Safdari فراز قهرمانیانSediment transport has always affected the river and civil structures and the lack of knowledge about its exact amount causes high damages. Therefore, it is very important to properly estimate the sediment load in rivers in terms of sediment, erosion and flood control. MoreSediment transport has always affected the river and civil structures and the lack of knowledge about its exact amount causes high damages. Therefore, it is very important to properly estimate the sediment load in rivers in terms of sediment, erosion and flood control. This study used two new data mining methods including M5 model tree and support vector regression comparing with the classic method of sediment rating curve to estimate the suspended sediment load in Aharchay River. To assess the performance of the used methods, three criteria including the correlation coefficient, root mean square error and mean absolute error were used. Analyzing the sensitivity of models to the input variables, it was found that the variable of flow discharge in the current month had the greatest effect on the amount of suspended sediment load. The results showed the high accuracy of new data mining methods in comparison with the sediment rating curve. Although, both considered data mining methods had more accuracy and less error compared to the conventional sediment rating curve, given the simple understandable linear relationships provided by the M5 model tree, this method is recommended for similar cases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Spatial Distribution Pattern of Water Quality of Pireghar River with Using Water Quality Index (WQI) and Geographic Information System (GIS)
Rasool Zamani-Ahmadmahmoodi Fatemeh Ghaedamini Maryam NajafiBackground and Objective: Due to the importance of Pireghar River and discharging of various pollutants in this river, investigation of quality of Pireghar River seems to be necessary. On the other hand, the pollution zoning and give a correct image about quality status MoreBackground and Objective: Due to the importance of Pireghar River and discharging of various pollutants in this river, investigation of quality of Pireghar River seems to be necessary. On the other hand, the pollution zoning and give a correct image about quality status of surface water by geographic information system (GIS) to make any management decision with more awareness.Method: Water samples from 5 station along the river was collected on February 2015, and water quality parameters namely pH, turbidity, temperature, TS, BOD, DO, nitrate, phosphate, and coliforms was examined. Sampling, preparation and analysis of samples was done according to the standard methods. The resulting data was compared with world standards and then analyzed using NSFWQI index and finally path of river was zoned using GIS.Findings: Based on NSFWQI index Pireghar river water quality was fluctuated between good and medium status at all stations. The highest NSFWQI quality index was related to the first station with quality index of 78 and lowest value was related to the fifth station with quality index of 66. As a result, pollution was increased from the first station to the next stations, and water quality has decreased.Discussion and Conclusion: In conclusion, for regular management of the river`s water some legislation should be determined and its monitoring program should be continued. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Study of Local and Temporal Changes of Groundwater Quality Standards of Hamedan-Bahar Plain Using (GIS) over a 10 Year Period
Sahar Eghbalian omid BahmaniBackground and objective: Groundwater is the valuable resources for drinking, agriculture and industry uses in the most regions of Iran. Groundwater qualitative changes can be created by human activity and industrial development. Study of these resources is necessary in MoreBackground and objective: Groundwater is the valuable resources for drinking, agriculture and industry uses in the most regions of Iran. Groundwater qualitative changes can be created by human activity and industrial development. Study of these resources is necessary in order to maintaining and improving their quality. The objective of this study is zoning and regional the specification parameters point of the case study. Finally determined the best method for zoning the each of the variables and permitted and infect areas in agricultural uses. In addition behavior variables were investigated in the 10 year period of time. Method: Qualitative data of Hameda-Bahar plain in Ten-year period were used in this study. Variables such as EC, TDS, SAR, HCO3, PH, Cl & Na evaluated by Geostatical methods include of Ordinary Kriging(OK),(by Circular, Gaussian, Exponential and spherical Semivariogram Modeling) and the specific methods include inverse distance weights (IDW), radial basis functions (RBF), global polynomial interpolator (GPI) and local polynomial interpolator (LPI), were zoning with ARCGIS9.3. Findings: Results indicated that the best method to zoning the qualitative parameters were IDW (EC), RBF (TDS), OK exponential semivariogram (HCO3), IDW (PH), RBF (Cl), OK exponential semivariogram (Na) and RBF (SAR) in Hamedan-Bahar plain. According to the best method the zoning of parameters was done for 2005, 2009 and 2014 years. Discussion and Conclusion: Results showed that Na had the maximum changes in ground water during the study period. The area percent for this parameter increased 3.21% from 2005 to 2014. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Isolation and molecular identification of thiocyanate biodegrationbacteria in the sediments from Maharloo lake, Fars province
Fahimeh Motallebi Farshid KafilzadehBackground and Objective: Thiocyanate is an inorganic, one compound carbon and an important member of the cyanide family, which is derived from natural and industrial sources. It is largely produced by Metal and coke extraction industries. This toxic compound, causing u MoreBackground and Objective: Thiocyanate is an inorganic, one compound carbon and an important member of the cyanide family, which is derived from natural and industrial sources. It is largely produced by Metal and coke extraction industries. This toxic compound, causing undesirable effects in living organisms. Due to the presence of this toxic compound in the Maharloo Lake, this study was aimed to isolate and molecular identification of bacteria degrading thiocyanate from sediments of the Maharloo. Method: Sampling was performed during summer and spring of 2015 and 2016 form 5 stations. Isolation of Thiocyanate-degrading bacteria was conducted in the M9 medium. After identifying the physiological and biochemical thiocyanate degrading bacteria, MIC test, kinetics of growth and the rate of decomposition of thiocyanate were conducted. Finally, resistant bacteria were identified by PCR-based gene 16S rRNA. Findings: 9 species had the ability of thiocyanate degradation in Maharloo lake. Bacillus sphaericus and Micrococcus luteus showed the highest potential to remove thiocyanate and the highest resistance (50 grams per liter) than other bacteria. The Most thiocyanate biodegrationrate was related to B. sphaericus (66.66%) and M. luteus (50%) which showed 97% and 92% homology to Planococcus citreus strain NBRC 15849and Bacillus aerius strain 24K respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: The result of this study showed that the Maharloo lake contains powerful bacteria in thiocyanate biodegradation, so that B. sphaericus can break up to 66.66%. By providing a framework for the growth of these bacteria, they can be used to detoxify and remove thiocyanate from contaminated water. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Determination of the Most Appropriate Recommended Route Using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) of Forest Road Network Evaluation Criteria in Geographical Information System (GIS)
Aidin Parsakhoo Mehrsa YazdaniBackground and Objectives: The aim of this study was to prepare the map of land suitability for passage in SaadAbad–Naharkhoran forestry plan, Golestan province and design the different variants of forest roads and choose the best one according to the amount MoreBackground and Objectives: The aim of this study was to prepare the map of land suitability for passage in SaadAbad–Naharkhoran forestry plan, Golestan province and design the different variants of forest roads and choose the best one according to the amount of passage from land classes, openness percentage and surface distribution and modified tone-kilometer.Method: The map of land suitability for passage was produced. Then, two variants were designed on this map using PEGGER and the amount of passage from land classes was estimated. Openness percentage and dead zones was determined by the calculating road density and skidding line and creating buffer. In Surface distribution algorithm, the distance from geometrical center of compartments to roads was measured. Tone-kilometer of variants was calculated according to skidding correction factor and conversion coefficient of volume to weight. The best variant was chosen based on AHP. Findings: Results showed that existing road has passed from more suitability land as compared to other variants. Mean distance from geometric centers of compartment to first, second and existing variants were respectively 476.9, 480.3 and 428.8 m which indicates that existing road has better distribution. Maximum was recorded for first variant with amount of 82.3%. In tone-kilometer algorithm, each kilometer of existing road should bear 149.96 tones for extraction of woods from compartment. Existing road was better than two variants in terms of passage from suitability land, dead zone, surface distribution and ton-kilometer; so that after calculating the final weight it was determined that existing road is the best.Discussion and Conclusion: Besides considering all the criteria in evaluation of forest road network leads to more accurate understanding of the performance of each variant and choice the best one. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Evaluation Possibility of Calibration of LISSIII & ASTER Sensors by Using of Salt Crusts in Dry Areas of Iran
Hossein Nazmfar Nader Sarmasty S.Kazem AlavipanahBackground and Objective: One of the key issues in quantitative analysis of digital satellite data is to ensure that the sensitivity of the satellite's radiometer is stable after launch. Achieving such a goal requires radiometric calibration of the satellite sensor. The MoreBackground and Objective: One of the key issues in quantitative analysis of digital satellite data is to ensure that the sensitivity of the satellite's radiometer is stable after launch. Achieving such a goal requires radiometric calibration of the satellite sensor. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of using arid salt marshes as reference terrestrial phenomena for radiometric calibration of LISSIII and ASTER sensors. For this purpose, salt fields in dry areas of Damghan, Kashan and Maharloo were used for radiometric calibration of reflective bands of LISSIII and ASTER sensors.Method: First, the characteristics of salt fields in the study areas were evaluated based on previous research, field studies and available satellite data. Then, using the calibration relationships, the information in the guide files as well as the calibration coefficients of the sensors used, the spectral reflectance of the saltworks in the reflection bands were calculated and the correlation between the brightness of the images and the spectral reflection of the saltworks (satellite sensor radiation above the atmosphere) was evaluated.Findings: The linear relationship and high correlation coefficient (more than 0.8) in each of the visible and infrared bands near LISSIII and ASTER sensors showed that arid salt marshes as reference terrestrial phenomena can be limited to radiometric calibration of LISSIII and ASTER sensors in LISSIII and ASTER sensors. And infrared close to have efficiency.Discussion and Conclusion: The results showed that the trend of changes is very consistent with each other (explanation coefficient between 0.8 to 0.9), in other words, with increasing the degree of brightness, the amount of spectral reflection also increases. Due to the linear relationship and high correlation coefficient (more than 0.8) in each of the visible and infrared bands near LISSIII and ASTER sensors, the atmosphere did not have much effect on the received radiation of the sensor. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Evaluation of Trend and Spatial Distribution Pattern of Groundwater Quality Using Water Quality Indices (Case study: Hamedan-Bahar plain)
atefeh nouraki Abdul Rahim hooshmandBackground and Objective: Awareness of the quality of groundwater resources in the planning and sustainability management of water resources is a particular importance. This study aimed to investigate the Spatial and temporal variations in groundwater quality, to select MoreBackground and Objective: Awareness of the quality of groundwater resources in the planning and sustainability management of water resources is a particular importance. This study aimed to investigate the Spatial and temporal variations in groundwater quality, to select the best index and its zoning for managing the groundwater resources of Hamedan-Bahar plain. Method: In this study, to determine the process of changes in water quality parameters, the groundwater quality indices and its zoning were used from the chemical data of the groundwater of Hamedan-Bahar plain in the period 2005 to 2014. The physical and chemical parameters of water including TDS, Na, SO4, TH and pH were measured in 25 wells and by applying two non-parametric, Mann-Kendall tests and estimating the Sen's slope, the existence of a significant trend for the annual time series was evaluated at 95 and 99% significance level. Water Quality indices (WQI, WQIAmerican and CWQI) were evaluated annually and Giljanovic comparison method was used to compare the indices. Then, by using the GIS, the most appropriate interpolation method (from among IDW, RBF, LPI and GPI) was selected to zoning the best water quality index. Findings: The results of this study showed that 4% of the qualitative variables had a significant increase, 12% had a significant decrease and 84% without a trend. Based on the existing conditions, groundwater quality of Hamedan-Bahar plain was characterized by good, good and bad grades using WQI, WQIAmerican and CWQI indices respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: Based on the results of comparing different interpolation methods, RBF method was superior to other methods, and it has high accuracy and low error. Therefore, the interpolation was carried out with this method. In the end, the comparison the spatial zoning maps of the WQI index showed that at the beginning and the end of the 10-year statistical period, the index had a decreasing trend in the whole plain. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - A Similarity Model for Wind Waves in Chabahar Coastal Area
Kamran Lary Masoud Torabi Azad Parisa MehdipourObservation and consideration of waves’ characteristics in coastal zone is one of the most importanttopics in the field of costal engineering. Chabahar area has attracted attentions due to its strategiclocation in transportation developments of the region with oth MoreObservation and consideration of waves’ characteristics in coastal zone is one of the most importanttopics in the field of costal engineering. Chabahar area has attracted attentions due to its strategiclocation in transportation developments of the region with other parts of the world, especially FarEast. This study looked at the data gathered from buoy during summer, and winter of 1998 to 2000and registered wind analysis during 1998 until 2003, waves and wind rose of the region. Based on thisinformation, it is shown that this region mostly has instabilities in its surface layers and most of thetime, duration-limited wave growth conditions dominated on waves. The similar model of wave,considers the relationship between non-dimensional parameters. The main objective of this research iscalculation and estimation of non-dimensional energy, frequency, fetch and duration of wind wavesand the relations between these parameters for Chabahar coast. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Estimating the Outdoor Recreation Carrying Capacity in Berenjegan Forest, Chaharmahal-o-Bakhtiary Province
Maryam Eskandari Shahraki Kyumars Mohammadi Sammani Beytollah Mahmoudi Ayoub Moradi Background and Objective: Tourism is a process with different forms for providing human recreation needs. The increasing critical pressure on urban and near urban regions can be the reason for this statement. In such condition, providing a master schedule at the More Background and Objective: Tourism is a process with different forms for providing human recreation needs. The increasing critical pressure on urban and near urban regions can be the reason for this statement. In such condition, providing a master schedule at the national scale for each special regional condition is vital. Thus, natural resources conservation to ensure the sustainable development and to provide optimal quality for tourism services would be possible by paying attention to the carrying capacity. The aim of this study was to determine the carrying capacity of Berenjegan forest region in Chaharmahal-o-Bakhtiari province. Method: The instructions provided by the International Union for conservation of nature have been used to determine the carrying capacity of the study area. The appropriate sites with the capacity of concentrated tourist attraction were pidentified to determine the physical carrying capacity. Then real carrying capacity in the concentrated recreation site was specified by determining the restricted factors in the region, as well as considering the related effect on the physical carrying capacity. Finding: Results of this study showed that the area of suitable site for tourists reception in Berenjegan forest region was 6.1 ha from 480 ha. Real value of the physical carrying capacity was calculated. The physical carrying capacity was 10457 individuals per day, 3816856 per year, while the real carrying capacity was 911individuals per day and 112053 per year. Discussion and Conclusion: Real carrying capacity was less than the physical carrying capacity so that the number of limiting factors in the region could affect the real carrying capacity directly and it was decreased with the increase of limiting factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Identification of Sea Stars and Brittle Stars species in the coast of Chabahar Gulf
Matin Khaleghi Ali Reza Safahie Ahmad Savari Babak Doustshenas Fereidoun OwfiIntroduction: This study touches on identification of Sea stars and Brittle stars species in coast ofChabahar Gulf in the Oman Sea, IR. During November 2008 to September 2009.Method study: The area of study was at the farthest end of south east of Iran in province of Si MoreIntroduction: This study touches on identification of Sea stars and Brittle stars species in coast ofChabahar Gulf in the Oman Sea, IR. During November 2008 to September 2009.Method study: The area of study was at the farthest end of south east of Iran in province of Sistan andBalouchestan. Samplings were randomly done bimonthly during low tide from 5 stations, by using1m×1m quadrate. Then, samples were counted, identified.Results: The results showed that 7 species of echinodermata including: Aquilonastra burtonii,Astropecten phragmorus, Astropecten hemprichi, Macrophiothrix elongate, Macrophiothrix cheneyifrom 2classes Asteroidea and Ophiuroidea and from 3orders Spinulosa, Paxillosida, Ophiurida and 3families Asterinidae, Astropectinidae, Ophiotrichidae.Discussion and Conclusion: Aquilonastra burtonii attendance was in all of the stations with theexception of station 5. Astropecten phragmorus was found in stations 2 and 4 and Astropectenhemprichi in stations 4 and 5. Macrophiothrix cheneyi and Macrophiothrix elongata were seen instations 2, 3 and 4. Manuscript profile -
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23 - The Analysis of the Environmental Awareness of Trustee Managements and the Solution Provided in Protection of Green Turtles (Cheloniamydas) and Egg Laying Nests of the Coastal Areas of Chabahar
Samaneh dalirboostansaraei Maryam larijani Mahmood sinaeiBackground and Objective: Green turtle species (Cheloniamydas) is included in the IUCN organization’s category of protected species. In the issue of preserving the environment and especially the protection of this endangered species, there is more beneficial inves MoreBackground and Objective: Green turtle species (Cheloniamydas) is included in the IUCN organization’s category of protected species. In the issue of preserving the environment and especially the protection of this endangered species, there is more beneficial investment than educating enhancing public awareness and making a wake conscience in society about the nature and existence of such sources. In the current research the level of environmental awareness of trustee managements considering their importance including fisheries experts, natural resources and the environment of the Chabahar in the protection of the green turtle(Cheloniamydas) have been reviewed. Methods: The research method is descriptive- inferential statistics and the information has been collected to form field. The community consists of 108 numbers of experts in fishery, natural resources and environment offices as trustee management environment were chosen. The research tool was self-made questionnaire that its validity confirmed by group of professors and its sustainability according to Cronbach's alpha coefficient 78% was calculated. Questionnaires data analysis using SPSS software is done in two forms of descriptive and inferential. Result: the results show the awareness of trustee management in five fields including eco-biology and the importance of green turtle species, all kinds of threats for the green turtle, the necessity and urgency of green turtle conservation and it’s environmental status ,the role of individuals in protection of turtles and the desire to contribute in training and protection programs and the necessity of holding educational programs is high but the awareness of fishery and natural resources experts in macro-environment politics is very low. Conclusion: The formulation of appropriate laws and regulations in the field of the protection of endangered species and the optimal implementation of the existing rules of the integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) in the level of knowledge an awareness in the field of the protection of the green turtle (Chelonia mydas) are essential. According to experts in the field creating and supporting the public organizations (NGO) in the town are preferred. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Explaining the Role of Investors' Sentiment in Capital Asset Pricing
Ali Kiamehr Mohammad Hassan Janani Mahmoud HemmatfarThe purpose of this study was to explain the role of investors' emotional tendencies in pricing the capital assets of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. For this purpose, information of 150 companies from the financial reports of companies listed on the Tehr MoreThe purpose of this study was to explain the role of investors' emotional tendencies in pricing the capital assets of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. For this purpose, information of 150 companies from the financial reports of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange have been collected and tested. Findings show that in all three capital asset pricing models (Fama and French three-factor model, (2001) Kahrat four-factor model and Fama and French five-factor model, (2014) investors' emotional tendencies in price The investment of capital assets has an effect and increases the sheer risk of the portfolio.The results also show that in all three pricing models, presenting a capital asset pricing model based on investors' emotional tendencies increases the predictive power of common capital asset pricing models. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Empirically examining of the effect of week days on future contracts market of Bahar Azadi Coin in Tehran Merchandise Exchange
Peyman Tataee Jalal Seifoddini Emad Ahmadipour Leila AzadiThis study empirically examined the effect of week days on future contracts of Bahar Azadi Coin in Iran Merchandise Exchange. We used the classic Linear Autoregressive and Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) to show that there isn't a stand MoreThis study empirically examined the effect of week days on future contracts of Bahar Azadi Coin in Iran Merchandise Exchange. We used the classic Linear Autoregressive and Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) to show that there isn't a standard pattern for the return of future contracts of Bahar Azadi Coin. Also, we presented that the daily return of future contracts depended on previous day and even the day before. Thus we concluded that the prices didn't follow "Random Walk" phenomenon in the future market of Bahar Azadi Coin and we couldn’t find any evidence for market information efficiency in weak level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - The Effect of Urban Management Function on the Gradation of Citizen's Life Quality (Case study: The New City of Baharestan)
Hassan Khalil Abadi Soodabeh Shahmorady ghaheh Mohammad Ali KhanizadehLife quality is one of the most critical study areas in different countries and although it is an attractive and universal meaning, it does not have a universally accepted definition. The life quality of a person is depended on one's true and exterior reality and inner MoreLife quality is one of the most critical study areas in different countries and although it is an attractive and universal meaning, it does not have a universally accepted definition. The life quality of a person is depended on one's true and exterior reality and inner mental understanding of these factors. The importance of studying life quality and its role in public policy survey is a useful tool in urban management and planning. Due to the fact that one of the reasons of informing the new cities in Iran is to design desirable environment for the residents, it is critical to investigate the successfulness of construction companies of new cities and municipality. Therefore, in this research, the effect of urban management function is studied from citizen's perspectives. The experimental method is used in this paper meanwhile in some parts descriptive-analytic methodology has been used. In order to gather the information of residents, 100 questionnaires were administered using field and library (in order to study the documentary facts in this area) method. In order to analyze the data SPSS software is used. The findings of the study indicate that there is a significant relationship between urban planning function with mentally and real quality from citizen's perspective with the coefficient correlation of 0/694. The results show that providing urban installation has the most effect in the increase of life quality in Baharestan. In conclusion, in order to improve the life quality in Baharestan, it is suggested to provide plans in order to modify installations such as electricity network, the collection of sewage and surface water, transit network and also to provide required services for the residents. Manuscript profile -
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27 - Thematic and structure analysis of the political poems of Yousef Al-Khatib and Malek Al-Shoaraye Bahar
Fatemeh Masoomi Sheikh Ahmad Louiy Katayoun Fallahi Tahereh ChaldereStructural and content analysis in language is not merely a superficial representation, but on the contrary, it is an essential part of the meaning conveyed by the poet. This type of analysis, among the types of language use, pays the most attention to language in liter MoreStructural and content analysis in language is not merely a superficial representation, but on the contrary, it is an essential part of the meaning conveyed by the poet. This type of analysis, among the types of language use, pays the most attention to language in literature, and most of the research in this branch of study focuses on identifying literary styles, personal language, and the individual creativity of the author. Yusef Khatib is one of the contemporary Palestinian political poets who were himself a member of the Ba'athist Arab Socialist Party, which has been active in many political activities. His poetry collection is full of political concepts about the Arab world that emphasizes the resistance and stability. The similarities between the poetic concepts of Yusuf al-Khatib and Malek al-Shoaraye Bahar led the writers to discuss their poems from a content and structural point of view. In the present study, the authors examine and critique the data with a descriptive-analytical approach. Manuscript profile -
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28 - Adaptive analysis of homeland in the poems of Mohammad maghot and Mohammad tage malek alshoary bahar1
rahim ansariporUndoubtedly the love of the homeland of the most important affairs tenderness the poets home to it has dealt stray missile hit his house. A tattered French uniform to dusand home one of the important extension of poetry poets of the. mor depths of the people. Feel, frie MoreUndoubtedly the love of the homeland of the most important affairs tenderness the poets home to it has dealt stray missile hit his house. A tattered French uniform to dusand home one of the important extension of poetry poets of the. mor depths of the people. Feel, friendship in history humanity among all peoples huma are responsible to different problem. Mohamad maghote of poets and writers and literaturemoasear arabeaceandandconsidered. Of Syria is but a part of his life. in Lebanon run. Like two too homeland Adouneasand emaciated gobani years Far from home life. But Malik bahare of laureate the most outstanding poets and writers, the representative of active and militant several of the National Council and the most famous journalists and dignitaries and political intellectuals period of constitutional monarchy and semi-the First Pahlavi monarchy is the political life of him from the beginning of the national movement mashroutehpolitical life of spring like other aspects of his life and complex, and the other with performing the scientific and literary him close poet affect bad conditions of society political poems From Islamic Shariats point composed by writing poems color, sense of friendship and become a shoe and stimulate and seed hatred of enemies in their hearts within both the poet In the period of colonial hard, poverty, UAE corruption, tyranny From Islamic Shariats point of life the ruling political time terms were similar. Manuscript profile -
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29 - Woman in Sedqi and Bahar's poetry
Mahmoud Reza Tavakolli Mohammadi Mohammad Ali Azarshab Masoumeh ShabestariThe foundation of the Solafiyeh school in comparative literature is to pay attention to social, political and cultural infrastructure of that society. The existing similarities in cultural, religious and social aspects in Iran – conditional era – and Iraq &n MoreThe foundation of the Solafiyeh school in comparative literature is to pay attention to social, political and cultural infrastructure of that society. The existing similarities in cultural, religious and social aspects in Iran – conditional era – and Iraq – Nehzat era – caused that both countries poets and scholars study common subjects and issues without having knowledge of each other’s literary works. One of the main concepts which has been manifested in these eras was the women issue and (studying) their problems and matters. Based on the abovementioned, the present article intends to study the women’s presence in the society according to Solafiyeh school from Bahar in Iran and Sedqi in Iraq point of views and tries to show the similarities nad differences between them in this regard. Manuscript profile -
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30 - A Comparative Study of Political Views of "Mohammad Taghi Bahar" and "Ahmad Shawghi
ALI SABERI ELAHEh razaghiAbstract This research paper is about the political views of Mohammad Taqi Bahar (1330-1265 SSI) and Ahmad Shawghai (1932-1868 AD), two outstanding poets of Persian and Arabic literature in the contemporary period. Both Poets’ expression changed after the industri MoreAbstract This research paper is about the political views of Mohammad Taqi Bahar (1330-1265 SSI) and Ahmad Shawghai (1932-1868 AD), two outstanding poets of Persian and Arabic literature in the contemporary period. Both Poets’ expression changed after the industrial revolution that began in the Language Arts. In this paper, three of their political views, "colonialism", "freedom" and "war" are studied; and at the end, the similarities and differences in their perspectives and their ways of explaining of each topic have been presented. Manuscript profile -
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31 - The study of women image in “we are not your slave any longer” and “we get used to” Novels
Mina Pirzad Nia Zahra MortezayiTherefore, taking descriptive-analytic method, this study tries to examine the women image and their presence in the society in an attempt to take a step toward identifying the feministic thoughts of both authors. It is found out that portrayed women in both novels are MoreTherefore, taking descriptive-analytic method, this study tries to examine the women image and their presence in the society in an attempt to take a step toward identifying the feministic thoughts of both authors. It is found out that portrayed women in both novels are brave and domineeringfigureswhom byactive participation in social and economic areas and byinteraction with mencould disobeytraditional and masculismlaws of their respective society. Manuscript profile -
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32 - Religious Thought in Malek al-Shoara-ye Bahar and Ahmad Safi al-Najafi’s poems
Yadollah Rafiee Ramazan RezaeeIf poetry is to serve the public good, and it lead sit to the moral utopia of faith in God, it will be undoubtedly authentic from the viewpoint of Islam; and the Qur'an, the Prophet(pbuh) and the Ahlul Bayt(AS) also support such a poetry. However, with adherence to the MoreIf poetry is to serve the public good, and it lead sit to the moral utopia of faith in God, it will be undoubtedly authentic from the viewpoint of Islam; and the Qur'an, the Prophet(pbuh) and the Ahlul Bayt(AS) also support such a poetry. However, with adherence to the traditions of Islam and the Holy Prophet(SAW), the poem is used as an effective weapon in defense of the moral and religious principles, and to counter enemy attacks from the appearance of Islam till now. In this field, Bahar and Ahmed Safi, are clear examples that religious beliefs and doctrines of the faith has a clear manifestation in their poems. This paper attempts to investigate with content analysis the emergence of religious thoughts in these two poets’ poems. Manuscript profile -
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33 - Political satire in Malek Alshoar Bahars and Alrosafis poems
Sadegh ebrahimi kavari Fatemeh AsadiSatire is one of expressional ways used by literary men particularly poets. This medium of expression has been the center of attention of literary men over ages up to date. and it has been reflected in their worles in different ways with respect to the purpose it has be MoreSatire is one of expressional ways used by literary men particularly poets. This medium of expression has been the center of attention of literary men over ages up to date. and it has been reflected in their worles in different ways with respect to the purpose it has been used. Of all varieties of satire, political satire has been utilized more in the works of cotemporary literary men so that many a great poets have benefited from this art in their poetry. Of Iranian poets, Malek Alshoara Bahar and of the Arab contemporary poets, the famous poet, Alrosafi, considering their literary and political positions, could play a great artistic role in this respect. Manuscript profile -
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34 - A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF IMAGE OF WOMEN IN THE POETRY OF JAMIL SEDQI ZAHAWI AND MALEK AL-SHORA BAHAR
Hedieh Ghassemifar Fatemeh ghaderiWomen and their status is among the most important issues the poets of past and present have paid attention to. This elegant creature has been able to develop and improve in the history in the way that she deserves in spite of all the hardships and adversities MoreWomen and their status is among the most important issues the poets of past and present have paid attention to. This elegant creature has been able to develop and improve in the history in the way that she deserves in spite of all the hardships and adversities. Jamil Sedqi Zahawi the Iraqi poet and Malek Al-Shora Bahar the Iranian poet have paid attention to this fact in their works and have helped women through their free and conscious way of thinking. The present article studies the role and status of women in the 19th and 29th century Iraq and during the Qajar and Pahlavi Period in Iran and brings examples of their poetry. The article finally concludes that both poets have similar points of view although there are some minor differences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - A comparative introduction on Persian and Urdu poetry in Constitutional era
Abol Ghasem RadfarThe present article attempts to study the Persian and Urdu poetry comparatively and the author tries to compare two Persian and Urdu poets – Malek Al Shoaraye Bahar and Feyz Ahmad Feyz and state their progressive and evolutional progress in constitu MoreThe present article attempts to study the Persian and Urdu poetry comparatively and the author tries to compare two Persian and Urdu poets – Malek Al Shoaraye Bahar and Feyz Ahmad Feyz and state their progressive and evolutional progress in constitutional era and afterwards. He also expresses the history of Persian literature and its impact on Urdu literature briefly. At the end of the present survey the ways to improve the comparative literature between two languages have been studies. Incidentally a comparative study of two poets according to the offered samples has been presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Symbolism in Wandering Island and Hobbi Al Awal
Zohreh Ranjbarpoor Ali Asghar Ravanshad Mokhtar AbediSimin Daneshvar and Sahar khalifeh are two famous Iranian and Palestinian authors who have applied symbols in their works. The present paper attempts to study the symbolic aspects and some of the meanings applied in Wandering Island by Simin Daneshvar and Hobbi Al Awal MoreSimin Daneshvar and Sahar khalifeh are two famous Iranian and Palestinian authors who have applied symbols in their works. The present paper attempts to study the symbolic aspects and some of the meanings applied in Wandering Island by Simin Daneshvar and Hobbi Al Awal by Sahar khalifeh. It is resulted out that both authors were biased on political and social issues of their countries which is harmonic with the existing fact of today's society; the biasedness is observable in dialogues and characters. The dialogue plays an important role in characters introduction and their characteristics and helps the story process a lot. Manuscript profile -
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37 - Matching Malek al-Shoara-ye Bahar’s lyrical themes with Sami al-Baroudi’s ones
Sadegh Ebrahimi Kavary Sakineh Asadi Rezvan LorestaniComparative literature is one of the newly-founded, useful and efficient sciences that refer to the literature of all nations in an indiscrete series and a single category(despite language and form differences). Obviously, many Iranian poets have similarity in poetry an MoreComparative literature is one of the newly-founded, useful and efficient sciences that refer to the literature of all nations in an indiscrete series and a single category(despite language and form differences). Obviously, many Iranian poets have similarity in poetry and language with other poets in the world(including Arab poets) .In every poet’s works, various themes such as literal, political and social can be found, but in the poems of Mahmoud Sami Albaroudi and Malek al-Shoara-ye Bahar, two contemporary Arab and Persian poets, there are many similarities. This paper is an attempt to examine their common lyrical themes. Manuscript profile -
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38 - Malek Al-Shoara Bahar and Ibrahim Toghan
Ali Salimi Peyman SalehiSince the countries of Iran and Palestine have historically undergone many events, the literature of resistance has become widely popular in these countries. Poetic expression of patriotism, fighting against colonialism and oppression and sacrificing for MoreSince the countries of Iran and Palestine have historically undergone many events, the literature of resistance has become widely popular in these countries. Poetic expression of patriotism, fighting against colonialism and oppression and sacrificing for the sake of home has been among the prominent features of this literary type. In many occasions in their books of poems the liberal Iranian poetMalekal-ShoaraBahar and the nationalist Palestinian poet Ibrahim Toghan perfectly show the patriotism and sacrificing for one’s hometown. Therefore their political and social poetry has many things in common. Manuscript profile -
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39 - COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PRISON POETRY OF MALEK-OL-SHOARA BAHAR AND NAZEM HIKMAT
Hamid Reza Farzi Elham Alipuran Lashgar ShekanPrison poetry is the poetry which expresses the concerns and feelings the poet has had in the prison. These poems usually try to reveal the true face of the tyrant rulers of the time. Malek-ol-Shoara Bahar and Nazem Hikmat are contemporary Iranian and Tur MorePrison poetry is the poetry which expresses the concerns and feelings the poet has had in the prison. These poems usually try to reveal the true face of the tyrant rulers of the time. Malek-ol-Shoara Bahar and Nazem Hikmat are contemporary Iranian and Turkish poets who have passed many years of their lives in prison due to their fight against tyranny and oppression. Each of them has in a way crystalized his inner feelings and concerns in his poetry. The present article studies their points of similarity and difference through comparing instances of their prison poetry. Manuscript profile -
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40 - A Comparative Study of the Concept of Science and Ignorance in Jamil Sidqi al-Zahawi and Malek osh-Sho'arā Bahār’s Poetries
Ramezan Mohammadi Mohammad Jafari Mohammad Shaygan MehrSimultaneously with the Constitutional Revolution in Iran and the Iraqi People's Revolution against the Ottomans, poets entered the field of literature who had common themes in their poetries including the struggle against ignorance and the demand for science, coloniali MoreSimultaneously with the Constitutional Revolution in Iran and the Iraqi People's Revolution against the Ottomans, poets entered the field of literature who had common themes in their poetries including the struggle against ignorance and the demand for science, colonialism, freedom, and so on. They knew how to seek knowledge and avoid ignorance, and these poets lived in two Muslim and neighboring countries. Malek osh-Sho'arā Bahār’and Jamil Sidqi al-Zahawi were both well-known and contemporary poets of Iran and Iraq and lived in the same period. Jamil Sidqi al-Zahawi, known as "Iraq’s poet", studied Islamic sciences and Arabic literature at his father's school. Bahar also learned to compose poetry at his father's school. The present article attempts to study concept of science and ignorance in the poems of two precious poets comparatively and the results of the research indicate abovementioned poets’ close thoughts to each other. Manuscript profile -
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41 - A Study of the Musical Element in the Poetry of Mahmoud Sami Al-Baroudi and Malek Al-Shoaraye Bahar
Javad Karkhaneh Ismail Naderi Noman OnaghMusic is one of the most prominent poetic elements in the literature of any nation. Meanwhile, the literature of some nations such as Persian and Arabic literature have the same musical elements in their poems. In this study, we try to analyze the poems of two prominent MoreMusic is one of the most prominent poetic elements in the literature of any nation. Meanwhile, the literature of some nations such as Persian and Arabic literature have the same musical elements in their poems. In this study, we try to analyze the poems of two prominent and contemporary Arabic and Iranian poets, Mahmoud Sami Al-Baroudi and Malek Al-Shoarai Bahar to reveal the use of music-making factors in the poems of these two poets. To achieve this goal, the music of their poems is examined from two important aspects: external music (weight, rhyme and row) and internal music (Jenas, repetition with the sub-branch of phonology, repetition of the word and repetition of syllables, as well as Rad Al-Ajaz Ala Al-Sadr and Sadr). By this hypothesis, both poets have been able to compose sweet songs on their strings using musical instruments. The results of this study show that there are many similarities between these two poets. Manuscript profile -
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42 - A Comparative Study of the Homeland Theme in the Poems of Mohammad Taghi Bahar and Hafez Ebrahim
Ibrahim Fallah Mohammadreza HajiyanMalek al-Sho'arai Bahar and Hafez Ibrahim are two literates that homeland and patriotism are so obvious in their poems. Therefore, in this research, it is tried to make a comparative study of the patriotic and national poems of these two poets about the homeland, relyin MoreMalek al-Sho'arai Bahar and Hafez Ibrahim are two literates that homeland and patriotism are so obvious in their poems. Therefore, in this research, it is tried to make a comparative study of the patriotic and national poems of these two poets about the homeland, relying on the American school of comparative literature which does not consider the condition of adaptation as just the existence of fields of influence and regret. A comparative study of the poems of these two poets shows that patriotism and love to homeland are prominent manifestations of their ideas. The patriotic approach in his poems is so wide that it has become a stylistic and decisive element in the content and linguistic level of their poetry. The most important common themes that the two poets express about homeland and patriotism are: love and affection for the homeland, nostalgia for the homeland from which they are far away, struggle against colonialism, pride in the history and background of the homeland and effort to restore authority and past honor, condemnation of the rulers who do not pay attention to the affairs of the country. Manuscript profile -
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43 - Narrative Discourse Analysis in Palestinian Resistance Literature(Case Study: Passage to the Plaza)
Naeime Parandavaji Kobra Roshanfekr Maryam BakhshandehNarrative discourse is an important way to represent the actions, words, and thoughts of a story that arises from studying the distance between the narrator and the characters of the story. Leech and Short are among the most important theorists who have divided the meth MoreNarrative discourse is an important way to represent the actions, words, and thoughts of a story that arises from studying the distance between the narrator and the characters of the story. Leech and Short are among the most important theorists who have divided the methods of representation into five methods: direct, indirect, free direct, free indirect, and the narration of words and ideas. The present article analyzes these methods in a descriptive – analytical method by enumerating the ideas of the novel " Passage to the Plaza " (1990). The research findings show that the narrator has applied direct thought, thought reporting and free indirect thought to construct her fictional world; Because direct thinking allows the characters to express their concerns in various political, social, economic, social and cultural fields to the reader without intermediaries. In the indirect free method, the voice of the narrator and the character are mixed and the story is transmitted to the reader through two voices, enjoying various representations. The author paints a vivid picture of Palestinian society in the early years of the uprising (Intifada). Manuscript profile -
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44 - Location and its Application in Sahar Khalifa’s Novel “Hobbi Al-Avval”
Hamideh Souri Mostafa seyed Babak Farzaneh leila Ghasemi HajiAbadiAs the main constituent of a story, location shows the place of events and incidents, giving a complete image of a novel. Occupying a big portion of Palestinian novels, it is also essential in deepening subjects examined by Palestinian writers. A committed Palestinian w MoreAs the main constituent of a story, location shows the place of events and incidents, giving a complete image of a novel. Occupying a big portion of Palestinian novels, it is also essential in deepening subjects examined by Palestinian writers. A committed Palestinian writer always concerned about her occupied land, Sahar Khalifa has managed to portray some reasons for Palestinian's defeat in a romance using this element in “Hobbi Al-Avval” written in 2010. This research uses an analytical- descriptive method to analyze the role and position of the main locations of the novel, explaining the contrasts among these locations. The secondary locations effective in forming the main locations have also been examined regarding closed-ness and openness, friendliness and unfriendliness. The results show that the main locations in this novel are cities and villages, and the secondary locations are a coffeehouse, an airport, and the Ghahtaan family’s home. Out of the contrast between Nablus and Levant, she clearly illustrates the atmosphere in Palestine at the time, and the coffeehouse as a secondary but open location plays a key role in depicting the reasons for Palestinians' defeat in the story.The main tool the writer uses to display the locations in the story includes giving a detailed description of villages, nature, and villagers, with the equivocal and ornamental function having a larger portion of the novel than other descriptive functions Manuscript profile -
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45 - Local Policy in Bahar and al-Rosafi poetry
Moosa Bayat Seyyed Fazlollah Mir GhaderiPoets and scholars played a great role in enlightening people and making them familiar with Mashroote Revolution and the political events related to Capitalism. Muhammad Taghi Bahar and Ma’roof Rosafi are two poets who were committed to their land and nation. Both MorePoets and scholars played a great role in enlightening people and making them familiar with Mashroote Revolution and the political events related to Capitalism. Muhammad Taghi Bahar and Ma’roof Rosafi are two poets who were committed to their land and nation. Both became the members of parliament and both were Journalists and did their best in defending their nation and opposing Capitalism and Colonialism. The present article initially reviews two poets’ lives, their political activities, and then a comparative study on their literature and poetry which were in the field of parliament and law. They have criticized the politicians, ministers and rulers clearly and had no fear in their criticism. The paper is based on the American school. Manuscript profile -
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46 - Genetic classification of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from raw chicken meat based on Spa gene
Hassan Momtaz Parisa HeydariObjectives: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common causes of food poisoning in humans. Various methods including genotyping based on protein A (Spa typing) and PCR-based methods have been used for genetic classification of this bacterium. In the present study, MoreObjectives: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common causes of food poisoning in humans. Various methods including genotyping based on protein A (Spa typing) and PCR-based methods have been used for genetic classification of this bacterium. In the present study, Spa gene tracking was used for genotyping of Staphylococcus aureus isolates.Methods: 100 samples of raw chicken meat were collected from chicken meat supply centers in the market of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. Samples were tested for Staphylococcus aureus bacteria by microbial culture and molecular methods and the presence of Spa gene in strains detected by PCR and enzymatic digestion.Results: Out of the total of 23 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus studied, 6 isolates lacked the Spa gene. In the rest of the isolates, a fragment with a size of about 1100 to 1500 bp was detected, and based on the detected gene fragment, 17 isolates containing the Spa gene were divided into four genotypes I to IV; So that 9 isolates were in SpaI genotype, 3 isolates in SpaII genotype, 3 isolates in SpaIII genotype and 2 isolates in SpaIV genotype.Conclusion: The presence of high genomic diversity in these isolates indicates cross-contamination of contamination and therefore can be prevented from the presence and growth of this bacterium in food by implementing quality control and food safety standards during the production process. Manuscript profile -
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47 - The “Powerful Constitutionalist” Government in the Ideology of Malek al-Sho’ra’ Bahar
Reza Afsordeh Hamed Ameri Golestani Lena Abdolkhani Hamed MohagheghniaIran’s chaotic and critical condition as a result of war and political instability after Persian Constitutionalism made the idea of “powerful government” conspicuous. Realizing critical conditions back then, many political and intellectual elites follo MoreIran’s chaotic and critical condition as a result of war and political instability after Persian Constitutionalism made the idea of “powerful government” conspicuous. Realizing critical conditions back then, many political and intellectual elites followed the above idea, and by “enlightened absolutism” paved the way for the establishment of Reza Khan government. Malek al-Sho’ara’ Bahar was among those who proposed the above idea for the first time. In this regard, the present study aims to explore this subject using Skinner’s Hermeneutic Intentionalism. The purpose of this study is the realization of Bahar’s ideology of powerful government and its distinction with other common ideas within the last years of Qajar dynasty in that Bahar did not want to admit “powerful government” without basic principles of constitutionalism such as freedom, justice, and a powerful parliament. This study seeks to answer the following research questions: What was Bahar’s “motivation” for his tendency to the idea of “powerful government”? With regard to Bahar’s main “intention”, that is “anti-authoritarianism”, what was the difference between his perception of “powerful government” and the perception of society? As for the first hypothesis, the most important “motivation” of Bahar for tendency to the idea of “powerful government” was to fulfill “the expediency” of the country. Besides, Bahar followed the idea of “powerful constitutionalist government” with regard to the principle of constitutionalism in his intended powerful state. Manuscript profile -
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48 - The image of Khorasan in the thought and poems of the prince of poets Bahar
Seyedeh Shabnam Lajevardi Zadeh Mohammad Hesaraki Mansooreh AhmadijafariIn the literary and poetic heritage of the Persian language, there are many poems on the history, geography, culture and people of Khorasan that emphasize the important role of this land and its inhabitants. Among contemporary poets, the prince of poets Bahar poets has MoreIn the literary and poetic heritage of the Persian language, there are many poems on the history, geography, culture and people of Khorasan that emphasize the important role of this land and its inhabitants. Among contemporary poets, the prince of poets Bahar poets has a great passion for Khorasan. Among the motives that have led to composing poetry about the land of Khorasan in Bahar poems, we can mention religious, cultural, political, historical and love for the homeland and homeland. The purpose of this study is to clarify the dimensions of spring thought and motivations in the context of Khorasan, as well as the frequency of mention of Khorasan in his poems. This article has analyzed the Divan Poems Divan based on format and themes by analytical-descriptive method and while emphasizing the frequency of Khorasan motif in selected poems, has reached the conclusion that Khorasan in his poem is sometimes homeland. Sometimes it is his father's house and sometimes it is the place where he grew up. Also, the reflection and influence of Khorasan in the thought and poems of Bahar is the main pillar of his poems. Manuscript profile -
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49 - Comparison of the Structure of the Anecdotes of Majnat al-Nawadir Banbani and Baharestan Jami with Emphasis on their Sources
Raana Javadi Alireza Ghojezade Zahra SoleimaniIn Persian literature, there are many works with the titles of " Majma 'al -Qasas", " Majma 'al-Nawadir "and so on. Valuable and influential works that, along with popularity and acceptance, have played a significant role in the formation and consolidation of stories an MoreIn Persian literature, there are many works with the titles of " Majma 'al -Qasas", " Majma 'al-Nawadir "and so on. Valuable and influential works that, along with popularity and acceptance, have played a significant role in the formation and consolidation of stories and storytelling in Persian literature. Among the anecdotes of these books, there are less anecdotes created by the author himself, perhaps most of the authors took the anecdotes from previous sources or the works of his contemporaries and translated them according to the desired theme with artistic ability and in accordance with the common style of his time.Majma 'al-Nawadir is a collection of anecdotes, narrations and parables written by Faizullah ibn Zayn al-Abidin ibn Hussam Banbani, known as Sadr Jahan (d. 907 AH) during the reign of Mahmud Shah Bigara (863-917 AH). In this work, Banbani has used his contemporary or previous sources. One of these sources is Baharestan Jami (with 28 common anecdotes and narrations). The main source of these anecdotes in Arabic and Persian texts was also found in the previous studies of these two authors. Such as books of nathr aldur fi almuhazarati, Tazkerat al-Hamduniyah, muhazarat al'udaba'. Persian sources have a smaller share of this frequency. Despite the commonalities of these two works, Banbani did not pay attention to brevity and Jami to simplification. There are many differences in the expression of the concept of anecdotes. Manuscript profile -
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50 - Review and analysis of the crumbs in the poems of Malek al-ShoaraBahar
Nooshin Talebzadeh Saeed HessamporComplaining is a innate part of human nature; people complaining when being dissatisfied with something. Poets also complain about their problems, but in a supreme language than the public. Complain have existed in poems of the poets since time immemorial, but in contem MoreComplaining is a innate part of human nature; people complaining when being dissatisfied with something. Poets also complain about their problems, but in a supreme language than the public. Complain have existed in poems of the poets since time immemorial, but in contemporary poetry, due to the social and political changes of this period, and a new Nimaiicstyle is more tangiblefor the audience of this generation.In view of the sensitivity of the subject and the time at issue, this issue needs to be distinguished from other topics of contemporary poetry. This article examines the complaint issue, which is one of the varieties of lyric literature, in the poetry of contemporary poet Malek al-ShoaraBahar.Describing and explaining them presents a written document of the poet's time with a complaining language for todayreader.What you read is a selection of Bahar complaints that includes his complaints about the age; with political situation being the most frequent topic, and this reflects the poet's personality and political insight Manuscript profile -
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51 - The Structure of the Allegorical tales of the Eighth Rowze Baharestan from the viewpoint of Minimalism
Nasrin Zargarzade Dezfuli Ali mohammad MoazzeniIn a descriptive - analytical way, this study investigates the importance of this style in ethical teachings and in the existence of minimalism, the importance of this style in ethical teachings and a form of similarity between allegorical and short short stories. Based MoreIn a descriptive - analytical way, this study investigates the importance of this style in ethical teachings and in the existence of minimalism, the importance of this style in ethical teachings and a form of similarity between allegorical and short short stories. Based on the findings of this study, the structure of Baharestan's allegorical stories is according to the most important elements of minimalist stories, including: simple design, small volume, few characters and …. The main reason for the use of minimalist stories is to influence the audience. The point is the goal of every literary genre. According to the study, Persian scholars, many years before the writers of the West, have benefited from the parable and the language of animals, in addition to other initiatives, to further influence the audience. it can also be noted that despite the theories that describe the short short story as the product of the speed and industrial world of the west and most contemporary singers, .the history of minimalism refers to the plain world of the east and the rest of its thinkers.The research method is descriptive-analytical and library research Manuscript profile -
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52 - Science in the view point of Bahar and Hafez Ebrahim
zahra soleymaniBahar and Hafez ebrahim are two important poets in recent literature of iran and egipt. Their social and political participations was very importantin their histoty baise on this they called Malekl-al-shoara and the poet ofNile. In this study we try to know their view p MoreBahar and Hafez ebrahim are two important poets in recent literature of iran and egipt. Their social and political participations was very importantin their histoty baise on this they called Malekl-al-shoara and the poet ofNile. In this study we try to know their view point to their idial socity Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Sustainable Development of Ecotourism in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiyari Province, Iran, a Scenario Study
Farahnaz Ebrahimi Vahid Etemad -
Open Access Article
54 - Analysis of Ecotourism Market in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiyari Province, IRAN
Farahnaz Ebrahimi Vahid Etemad -
Open Access Article
55 - An analysis of the style of prison poems in contemporary Persian poetry
sadegh Ebrahimi kavariIN the name of Allah,the beneficial,merciful An analysis of the style of prison poems in contemporary Persian poetry Sadegh Ebrahimi kavari Assistant professor of the Islamic Azad university- Abadan branch Since prison poems compris a large bulk of Persian poetry, and MoreIN the name of Allah,the beneficial,merciful An analysis of the style of prison poems in contemporary Persian poetry Sadegh Ebrahimi kavari Assistant professor of the Islamic Azad university- Abadan branch Since prison poems compris a large bulk of Persian poetry, and since they show technical developments Persian poetry has undergone,a thorough study of such poems is very important. Since there are numerous prison poems in contemporary Persian literature, this study restricts itself to analysis of of the structure and the style of such poems. In addition, this study focuses on the prison poems written at the our time.To do so,we have selected poems by Malek al Shoara Bahar who is a key figure in writing such poems. The main goal of this study is to analyze the feature of this genre with an emphasis on Bahar and the contemporary persian poetry. key words: prison poems,stylistics, Malek al shoara Bahar. Sadegh Ebrahimi kavari Assistant professorof the Islamic Azad university- Abadan branch-Iran Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - The analysis of narrative time in Sahar Khalifeh's Hobbi al-Awwal (My First and Only Love), according to Gerard Genette' structuralist theory
Hamideh Souri Mostafa Babak Farzaneh LEILA GHASEMITime is one of the main structural elements upon which stories are formed. In classics, time structure relied on a logical and causal relationship, but along with the changes in reality, time movement was subjected to the changes. The writers benefited from this element MoreTime is one of the main structural elements upon which stories are formed. In classics, time structure relied on a logical and causal relationship, but along with the changes in reality, time movement was subjected to the changes. The writers benefited from this element in their narrative objectives and decided to experience other forms of the time. This attitude caused to leave sequential time and disagreement between narrative and story times. The difference between two times is made in contemporary novels by the sequence and rhythm techniques. Sahar Khalifeh retells history of Palestine through a love story in Hobbi al-Awwal (My First and Only Love), by returning to the past. Adopting a descriptive-analytical method, this research examines time structure in the novel without attention to the concept of repetition on the basis of Genette's narrative time, and through temporal distances between the story and narrative, by using a descriptive-analytic method. The time structure of the novel due to the interference between the present and the past is scattered. This is formed by various techniques for strengthening the story's objectives, which either accelerate or decelerate the narrative and include summary, deletion, stream of consciousness, internal dialogue and rendition, making time longer in some scenes and shorter in some others. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Neo-Classical and the new common themes in Modern Arabic and Persian Literature with Special Attention to Ahmed Shawqi and Mohammad Taqi Bahar
Sadeq Khorsha Maryam Aziz KhaaniRenewal or innovation in literature means changes in the literature in order to become concurrent with the transformation of social relations in an appropriate way thus organized to take the necessary and proper form. So for every poet and writer it is a must to strive MoreRenewal or innovation in literature means changes in the literature in order to become concurrent with the transformation of social relations in an appropriate way thus organized to take the necessary and proper form. So for every poet and writer it is a must to strive to be aware of the spirit of his age thus interpreting it correctly. In addition to imitate predecessors, Neo-Classical poets took steps to recapitulate the rules and themes in ancient poetry. The secret behind the continuation and renewal of the Neo-Classical school is imitation in form and innovation in content or theme. This article examines the common and new themes of New Poetry in Persian and Arabic Neo-Classical schools based upon poetry of undisputed representatives of the two schools, namely, Mohammad Taqi Bahar, Ahmed Shawki. In this study, many common themes were found between these two schools which indicate that there are common cultural, social and political commonalities between Arabs and Iranians. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Narrative Form of Story Telling in Palestine's literature of Resistance (Case Study of the Novel Babossaheh)
Kobra Roshanfekr Naeemeh Parandavaji Khalil Parvini Faramarz MirzaeeNarrative form of the story studies the relation between the narrator and characters, and it is an important tool for transferring of speeches and thoughts of characters to the reader, from this way the readers get into the atmosphere of the story. Narrative   MoreNarrative form of the story studies the relation between the narrator and characters, and it is an important tool for transferring of speeches and thoughts of characters to the reader, from this way the readers get into the atmosphere of the story. Narrative forms are divided in to five; direct, indirect, free direct, free indirect and narrative report of speeches and thoughts, based on the domination degree of the narrator and the characters. The present article deals with descriptive and analytical style and by presenting a complete statistics population of characters' speeches, studies different ways of speech representation of "Babossahe" a novel by Sahar Khalifeh. Findings of the study demonstrated that the narrator used all forms of speech representation styles for showing Palestine social condition and problems of the women of country at the first years of uprising, but direct speech, narrative style of speech and free direct speech have the most frequencies. The narrator by using direct speech and free direct speech allows the characters to relate with the reader and familiarize them with the narrators political, economical, cultural and social mental distresses. Using these techniques helps the narrator to show different sides of life and problems of Palestine women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Engineering Entrepreneurial Agency Compared to Learning Organization for Sport Expansion from the View of Executives of Sport and Youth Administrations in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiyari Province
Mahmood Hematiyan Dehkordi Ali Hematiyan DehkordiThe purpose of the present research is to study commonality and differences between two theories of entrepreneurial agency and learning organization from the view of executives in sport and youth administrations in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiyari province and also review the MoreThe purpose of the present research is to study commonality and differences between two theories of entrepreneurial agency and learning organization from the view of executives in sport and youth administrations in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiyari province and also review the impact of main constructs in the first theory on the completion of the second one. The research statistical population consisted of all executives and deputies in sport and youth administrations in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiyari province. Due to limited statistical population, the sample of study was considered to be equal to the whole population including 50 members. The results showed that constructs of the second practical model and double-loop learning have a significant role on recognition and usage of opportunities. Therefore, they complete the theory of entrepreneurial agency and expand sport activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - The reflection of didactive literature in bahar’s poetries
Gholamhossein MollaeiUsing poetry in the field of education in our ancient literature has been widely popular through out the past. This variety and extension, in parlimentary era, left a good impression, in bahar’s poetries the way that the poetry book of this greatest contemporious MoreUsing poetry in the field of education in our ancient literature has been widely popular through out the past. This variety and extension, in parlimentary era, left a good impression, in bahar’s poetries the way that the poetry book of this greatest contemporious peot must be taken as didactive literature which indicates his optimism toward Iran’s future generation. He, consciously and kindly, makes use of his unique talent and ability in the field of poetry and so as to represent the inclusive moral values and concepts which have a root in Islamic culture and Iran’s ancient history in theforms of story, parable et.c to this people with respect to variety of audiences, these instructions are various and variegated and often include national and religious values. However the themes such as encouraging justice, magnanimity patriotism, seeking knowledge and being kind to creature can be considered as the center of these cermons. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - A Study of Allegory and Its Functions in Masnavi "Prison Report" of Malek al-Shoara Bahar
Hosein Farsi Ramin SadeghinejadAllegory is a special kind of simile. In a simple classification, we can divided it into three types: wide, semi-condensed and condensed (the style of equation). Bahar in the Masnavi Prison Report has used this rhetorical element to a great extent to persuade the audien MoreAllegory is a special kind of simile. In a simple classification, we can divided it into three types: wide, semi-condensed and condensed (the style of equation). Bahar in the Masnavi Prison Report has used this rhetorical element to a great extent to persuade the audience. The number and variety of the use of these allegorical similes in the Masnavi Prison Report can be considered as a prominent and worthy stylistic feature for the Bahar's work. Considering the rhetorical structure of verses in which the allegorical similes have been used, in this article we have examined their sentences in terms of being predicative or performative. According to the findings of this research, the semi-condensed allegory simile with its predicative structure intends to emphasize the speech or the same allegorical metaphor and proverb, the most common examples of allegory simile in this Masnavi. Moreover, there are other some other types of allegory simile such as the style of equation, allegorical metaphor, and artistic image and argument in this Masnavi, which are discussed in the text of the article. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Study of Comparative the universe and its Educational Exemplums at the sight of Saadi and Mohamad taghi bahar
R. Mosa Abadi M. NoroziPrarable has been one of the most important expressive tools for the poets and writers indifferent ages of Persian classic literature. Inevery time, according to circumstances of the age the poets and writers has enjoyed of these tools in the exposition of parables dida MorePrarable has been one of the most important expressive tools for the poets and writers indifferent ages of Persian classic literature. Inevery time, according to circumstances of the age the poets and writers has enjoyed of these tools in the exposition of parables didactic univers attached. Saadi’s shirazian of the chassic poets ana Mohamad taghi bahar of the constitution poets are the quantity, quality and exemplums poetic aspects. Doubtless one of mainly addresses utopian and humane issues, in particular the universe and its educational. In fact the universe and exemplums debt the pedagogical views and images of the world have been drawn by him in the framework of the poems and because of this, neither these images are pleasant nor suitable, and some of them are horrible and terrible. Sometimes some beautiful images and views are seen but they are deeply filled with fear and grief, and because they are linked to the afterlife, they are not drawn properly. The aim of the present paper is to study the ethical and didactic themes the universe and its exemplum educational in the poem in the poetries huge literature to investigate this subject matter. Manuscript profile -
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63 - Cymbopogon schoenanthus (L.) Spreng: A comprehensive review on phytochemical and pharmacological biodiversity
Iman A.M. Abdel-Rahman Ali E. Raslan Abdallah Dawy Ayda Wail Fatma Ahmed Klara Hany Mostafa M. Al-Monair Omnia Ahmed Mohammed I. Rushdi Ahmed A.E. Allam -
Open Access Article
64 - Analyzing the socialization position in the high school social sciences textbooks based on the educational ideas of Motahari
Seyyed Mohammad Ali Mirjalili Ahmad Ali Foroughi Abari Azar Gholizadeh M.Hosein YarmohammadianThis article deals with socialization in high school social sciences' textbooks. We propose an examine use of Motahari educational ideas about socialization in textbooks. Motahari, as an intellectual leader, has an important role in explaining basic concepts of Islamic MoreThis article deals with socialization in high school social sciences' textbooks. We propose an examine use of Motahari educational ideas about socialization in textbooks. Motahari, as an intellectual leader, has an important role in explaining basic concepts of Islamic revolution of Iran. Motahari’s books and high school social sciences textbooks as statistical society and on census method, were studied based on paragraph unit analysis. We applied a mixed method of content analysis. For discovering components of socialization, we used qualitative method for content analyzing of Motahari’s books and find four components: social belonging; social responsibility; dialogue and communication, and critical thinking that extracted from thirteen categories. Then, by using a coding frame based on these components and categories, we use quantitative content analysis to obtain if these used in the social sciences textbooks based on exploratory factor analysis. Results show that there aren’t these components in many lessons of textbooks. Some of these results related to the educational aims of these books, because in these textbooks, students introduce with sociology discipline; but some related to weakness of consideration. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - The effect of climate change on Maharlo lake level change using satellite image processing
Masoud Samiei Reza Ghazavi Mojtaba Pakparvar Abas Ali ValiStudy of the long term dynamic of the lake is crucial to evaluate regional water resources management and environmental changes. The main aim of this study was to evaluate and mapping the impact of climate change in the dynamic of the lake Maharlo located in the boundar MoreStudy of the long term dynamic of the lake is crucial to evaluate regional water resources management and environmental changes. The main aim of this study was to evaluate and mapping the impact of climate change in the dynamic of the lake Maharlo located in the boundary of Shiraz city. Landsat satellite images during the past 18 years (1997-2016) in mid-spring were used to determine dynamic changes of the study lake (After geometric, radiometric and Atmospheric correction of satellite images, the annual lake level was extracted using a thresholding method on the band 5 and NDWI index. The results show that, a general reduction trend was observed in the lake area. Most of the changes were occurring in the eastern part. The correlation between water level changes of the lake with some of the climatic parameter changes (evaporation January to May, annual rainfall, average temperature January to May, the average maximum temperature January to May) was also investigated). According to Pearson correlation coefficient between the lake level and evaporation of the months of January to May, annual rainfall, the average temperature of January to May, maximum temperature of the months of January to May were -0.44, 0.77, -0.28, -0.52, respectively. A significant trend was observed between rainfall change (decrease and increase) and lake level. Minimum annual rainfalls were 147 and 192 mm in the years of 2007-2008 and 2008-2009, respectively, which minimum lake level was observed in the same years (14146 and 15095 hectares). The maximum rainfall was occurred in 2004-2005 (745 mm) when the maximum water surface was measured in the lake (25806 ha). According to the results, 58% of the variability of the lake could relate to rainfall change. Manuscript profile -
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66 - Forecasts of climate change effects on Amygdalus scoparia potential distribution by using ensemble modeling in Central Zagros
Maryam Haidarian Aghakhani Reza Tamartash Zeinab Jafarian Mostafa Tarkesh Esfahani Mohammad Reza TatianPredicting the potential distribution of plants in response to climate change is essential for their conservation and management. Amygdalus scoparia is a wild almond species native to Iran Therefore, this study aimed at predicting the effect of climate change on the geo MorePredicting the potential distribution of plants in response to climate change is essential for their conservation and management. Amygdalus scoparia is a wild almond species native to Iran Therefore, this study aimed at predicting the effect of climate change on the geographical distribution of A. scoparia in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province in the central Zagros region. In this regard, we used 5 modeling approaches, Generalized Linear Model (GLM), Classification Tree Analysis (CTA), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Generalized Boosting Method (GBM) and Random Forest (RF) to determine relationships between the occurrence of species and environmental factors under the ensemble framework by using Biomod and R software. The results showed that AUC values greater than 0.9 and functioning of all models been excellent. The mean temperature of the driest quarter and Annual precipitation had the most important role for habitat suitability of this species and (85%) changes in A. scoparia distribution was justified. The results of the model showed that 9%, (148680 ha) of in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province for the A. scoparia have had high habitat suitability. Area of suitable habitat was calculated by ArcGIS software on current and future climate conditions. Under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 climate scenario A. scoparia might lose (Respectively 43% and 59%) of its climatically suitable habitats due to climate change factors, by 2050, while in a number of areas (135% and 140%), the current unsuitable habitats may be converted to suitable. The results of this study can be used in planning, conservation and rehabilitation of A. scoparia. Manuscript profile -
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67 - Predicting the effects of the climate change on the geographical distribution of Astragalus verus Olivier in the Central Zagros region
Sima Teimoori Asl Ali Asghar Naghipour Mohammad Reza Ashrafzadeh Maryam Haidarian Aga KhaniBackground and ObjectiveClimate, soil characteristics, topography, land use, and biological relationships at various scales are the most important influencing factors on distribution and ecological niches of species. The climate is one of the most important determinants MoreBackground and ObjectiveClimate, soil characteristics, topography, land use, and biological relationships at various scales are the most important influencing factors on distribution and ecological niches of species. The climate is one of the most important determinants of plant distribution. Therefore throughout the past ecological history, climate change has had profound consequences on the current conditions of the world's ecosystems, including the existing distribution of species. Changes in the distribution of one species in a given geographical area due to the climate change can lead to shifting the presence regions of that species toward higher elevation that leads up to vegetative restriction or even extinction of the species. Shifting, or changing the geographical distribution of species is a strategy to be resistant to the climate change. Therefore, in order to protect the key ecological and valuable plant species, it is necessary to determine suitable habitats via identifying the most important environmental and human factors affecting the species presence in the current and future conditions. Astragalus L. (Fabaceae) is a genus widely distributed throughout the temperate regions. The Astragalus verus Olivier is a small, valuable shrub with many branches. In addition to its protective role from the point of view of the soil, this species has medicinal and industrial values. In recent decades, the geographical range of the A. verus variety has been significantly declined due to factors such as land degradation and over utilization. Despite the national importance of the Astragalus genus, so far little research has been done on the consequences of the climate change on the distribution of species of this genus. The present study was conducted to accomplish the following objectives; 1) To identify suitable habitats and determin the geographical distribution of A. verus in Central Zagros in the current situation; 2) to predict of the consequences of climate change by 2050 and 2070 under different scenarios on geographical distribution of A. verus; 3) to determin the most important factors affecting the distribution of this species. distribution of A. verus; 3) to determin the most important factors affecting the distribution of this species. Materials and Methods This study was carried out in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province in an area about 1.65 million hectare thai is totally located in Central Zagros region. Extensive field studies were integrated to collect geographical coordinates of the presence point (112 points) of this species by using Global Positioning System (GPS) throughout Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. Bioclimatic (bio1–bio19), Physiographic variables (elevation, aspect, and slope) and land cover/land variables were used for modeling. Before modeling, two methods of Pearson correlation analysis and Variance Inflation Factor (VIF) were used to check out the correlation between the various environmental variables. In order to model, 19 environmental variables including bioclimatic variables, physiography and land cover / land use were applied to model the distribution based on correlation analysis. Variables with Pearson’s correlation coefficient, r2<±0.8, VIF<3) were selected. Finally and after the omission of the layers having high correlation, nine variables were used for modeling. In order to predict the distribution of the suitable habitats of the Astragalus verus Olivier, Biomad2 software package in R environment (3.1.2 version) was used. In this study, ensemble methods including Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Generalized Boosting Method (GBM), the Generalized Linear Model (GLM), Flexible Discriminant Analysis (FDA), Random Forest (RF) and Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) were used to estimate the suitable habitats. We used 80% of the occurrence points as training data for model calibration and 20% of the rest of the data set to evaluate the predition of the models. Prediction of the geographical distribution of the Astragalus verus Olivier in the future (years 2050 and 2070) was made based on four scenarios of the increase in the greenhouse gases (Representative Concentration Pathways; RCPs) RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6, RCP8.5 in general circulation model MRI-CGCM3. Model performance was assessed by using the area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) and the true skill statistic (TSS). Results and Discussion Our results revealed that the most effective variables in desirability of the study species habitat were the isothermality, mean temperature of the wettest season of the year and seasonal precipitation variables respectively. In keeping with the findings, the Astragalus verus Olivier mostly exists in habitats with Isothermality (bio3) from + 36.8 to + 39.7 °C, Mean Temperature of the Wettest season of the year (bio8) from - 2 to + 3.5 °C, and seasonal precipitation variables (bio15) from 100 to 112 mm and the Annual Precipitation of 280 mm to 490 mm. Based on the results of modeling of current conditions, in comparison to the other regions, northeast and east of the province had the most habitat importance for the Astragalus verus Olivier. Our findings show that about 27.43% of the study area was identified as suitable habitats for the Astragalus verus Olivier. Prediction of the geographical distribution of the Astragalus verus Olivier in the future (years 2050 and 2070) was made based on four scenarios of the increase in the greenhouse gases (Representative Concentration Pathways; RCPs) RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6, RCP8.5 in general circulation model MRI-CGCM3. Based on the future projections were made for the year 2050 and 2070 with four Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) scenario (2.6, 4.5, 6 and 8.5) and general circulation model MRI-CGCM3. In keeping with our findings, climate change can have significant consequences for the Astragalus verus Olivier suitable habitats in the study area. Based on various senarios, about 45.70 percent (year 2050, RCP2.6) to 89.88 percent (year 2070, RCP8.5) of the current habitats for the Astragalus verus Olivier will be unsuitable due to the climate change by 2050 and 2070. While in the same period of time, about 1.58 (RCP8.5, 2050) to 13.19 percent (RCP2.6, 2070) may be added to the suitable habitats of this species in areas with higher elevation. According to all scenarios, the suitable habitats of this species will decrease in all habitats, especially in areas with lower elevation. The climate change consequences especially the probability of decling and shifting the geographical range of the plant species in various habitats of Iran especially in the central Zagros and also in Central Iran range are predicted. Assessments showed that the models had acceptable accuracy and Random Forest model was determined as the most reliable model to predict the distribution of this species. Conclusion Generally, this study indicated that ensemble model might predict the potential distribution of the Astragalus verus Olivier with a relatively high accuracy (AUC= 0.92 and TSS= 0.79). The scenarios used in this study predict the probability of the shift of the geographical range of the studied species under climate change scenarios of 2050 and 2070. According to the results, it seems that the suitable habitat extent of the Astragalus verus Olivier in the study area has been decreased and will shit toward the higher elevation. Although land degradation and over utilization may be considered as two important factors in habitat degradation of this species but this study highlights the importance the effects of climate change on the distribution of the Astragalus verus Olivier. As a result of the severe and inappropriate harvest of the Astragalus verus Olivier, the range of its distribution and density has decreased in some areas, which has increased the intensity of phenomena such as soil erosion. This issue requires a double attention of the managers and experts of natural resources to the Astragalus verus Olivier and the other species with similar performance in ecosystems having importance from the view point of economic productivity as well as their ability to conserve the soil. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Application of SEBAL algorithm in estimating maximum daily demand of rain-fed wheat from green water sources using MODIS images (Case study: Ahar county)
Ali Ashraf Sadreddini Hamed Sabzchi Dehkharghani Amir Hosein Nazemi Abolfazl Majnooni HerisRemote sensing techniques have been applied to estimate the spatiotemporal distribution of evapotranspiration as an alternative for field measuring methods. The objective of this study is to estimate the maximum daily demand of rain-fed wheat from green water sources in MoreRemote sensing techniques have been applied to estimate the spatiotemporal distribution of evapotranspiration as an alternative for field measuring methods. The objective of this study is to estimate the maximum daily demand of rain-fed wheat from green water sources in Ahar county using the SEBAL algorithm and MODIS images. First, the results from the SEBAL algorithm were evaluated by comparing them to the results from the Eagleman-Affholder method in rain-fed wheat fields and to the results from Fao-Penman- Monteith method in irrigated wheat fields and then the wheat maximum daily evapotranspiration values were calculated in the study area. MODIS surface reflectance and land surface temperature images were used to monitor the variation of normalized difference vegetation index during the wheat growth period, to map wheat areas and to estimate wheat evapotranspiration during the wheat booting stage until the wheat yellowing stage in 2010. After evaluating the SEBAL algorithm during the mentioned period, the maximum daily demand of rain-fed wheat from green water sources was estimated on the 17th of July 2019. By comparing the wheat evapotranspiration values from SEBAL and from computational methods, the average absolute error and correlation were calculated as 0.61 mm/day and 0.9 respectively. It was also found that the wheat highest evapotranspiration occurred when the vegetation index curve had reached its peak. In this time, the wheat maximum daily water demand from the green water resources throughout the county in 2019 was estimated almost equal to 0.93 million cubic meters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Analyzing the Meaning of the Garden Carpet Found in Astan Quds Razavi based on Emil Male's Opinion
Sahel ErfanmaneshGarden carpets are a type of rug that gained popularity during the late Safavid period. One prominent example of this type is a carpet housed in the Astan Quds Museum. One notable feature of this carpet, which serves the function of Sajdah, is the inclusion of 'Sajdah' MoreGarden carpets are a type of rug that gained popularity during the late Safavid period. One prominent example of this type is a carpet housed in the Astan Quds Museum. One notable feature of this carpet, which serves the function of Sajdah, is the inclusion of 'Sajdah' written on the front of the altar. The motifs employed in these carpets, in addition to the mihrab and a zikr on the front of the mihrab, include flying birds and thirteen fish inside the mihrab. Given that animal designs are less common in prayer mats, the question arises: What is the relationship between these designs and the rug's function? The research method employed is descriptive-analytical, and the information is gathered through library research. To unravel the meaning of the rug according to its function, it becomes necessary to understand the icons and the concealed codes within them. Hence, the Iconography method developed by Emil Male has been employed to analyze the carpet. The research findings reveal that the carpet incorporates visual symbols of Iranian ascension and excellence along with verbal symbols of Islamic excellence. Consequently, the combination of visual and verbal elements creates a new narrative that underscores Islamic-Iranian excellence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Motahari’s Mystical Beliefs as Associated with the Koran, Hadith, and Persian Poetry
Ali Ein AlilooThe works by Shahid Motahari is full of evidences and hadiths that sometimes the writer resorts to for supporting his assertions and some other times they are commented and described. The collection of his works is composed of fifty nine topics. Many of the works incl MoreThe works by Shahid Motahari is full of evidences and hadiths that sometimes the writer resorts to for supporting his assertions and some other times they are commented and described. The collection of his works is composed of fifty nine topics. Many of the works include his lectures that are printed by Nashr Institute. The addressing aspect of his works represents the vast information of the writer on the Koran and his validity, whose skill is multiplied by the impact of his being an orator. Moreover, Motahari has used a lot of poems in his works that in many cases come parallel with the evidences in the Koran or those of Imams. According to the unique aspect of the works, the writer decided on writing the paper that on the one hand introduce traditions and evidences in relation with the verses and hadiths and poetries used in terms of various issues including philosophy, mysticism, and ethics, and on the other hand, demonstrate the grandeur of the Persian scholars and poets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Shah DaeiShirazi’s Intellectual Feed for Composing ChaharChaman Couplet
مسروره مختاری“Shah DaeiShirazi” is one of the mystic poets and missionaries of IbnArabi’s pantheism in 9th century and there are several works of him left in verse and prose. One of his verses is titled “Shah Daei’s Six Collections”. “ChaharChaman” couplet is his fourth verse, in wh More“Shah DaeiShirazi” is one of the mystic poets and missionaries of IbnArabi’s pantheism in 9th century and there are several works of him left in verse and prose. One of his verses is titled “Shah Daei’s Six Collections”. “ChaharChaman” couplet is his fourth verse, in which the poet has considered implicitly his earlier works such as Attar’s “MantequlTeyr”. Since no study has ever been conducted on this couplet and that of Shah Daei’s thoughts, the present study is an attempt to study how the earlier poets influenced the poet, especially Attar, using descriptive- analytic and library method. In addition to the structure (debate within versified story and characters), Shah Daei is influenced by Attar concerning seven valleys of spirituality and pantheism. The fact that Shah Daei followed IbnArabi with the obvious reflection of his ideology on the work including the frequency of terms and the content make up the center of his attention. Despite the influences, “ChaharChaman” couplet is an innovative work regarding artistic and literary structure because the poet was able to melt up the scattered thoughts of his earlier poets in his own style using the imagination and create an eternal work of art. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - Investigating and Analyzing Mystical Terms in the Manuscripts of the Manuscript of Aqdul Javahar, in the conceptual range of the installer, Ahmad Daei
Abdolah Qasemi Zahra Khosravi Shahriar HasanzadehFrom the beginning of creation, human beings have sought to discover the secret of creation and understanding the secrets of creation in the sources of knowledge, and with the aim of seeking truth and perfectionism with mystical language, they have interpreted the meani MoreFrom the beginning of creation, human beings have sought to discover the secret of creation and understanding the secrets of creation in the sources of knowledge, and with the aim of seeking truth and perfectionism with mystical language, they have interpreted the meanings of cognition. Thoughtful man with individual emotions and spiritual experiences to answer where to come and where to go in the peak of awareness in the two ways of reason and love with the most glorious way in the conduct of Hud to the phospholis of life and with passion and knowledge of "conscience of single truth" Has arrived. Based on their understanding of the Taliban's thought and mysticism, they have chosen the path of truth, which they have sought to uncover from the heart, or to shed light on some of its angles. In this area, Ahmad Da'i, by interpreting these terms in the form of an installer, has brought the simplest method to the forefront and has exemplified the example of "Lahndinham Sabella" from Jamal Raz. In this article, the abbreviated letter "AS" means sister-in-law. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - Interpretation of the Intertextual Context of Sufism and Jāmi’s Mysticism in Baharestan Based on Fairclough Theory
Fatemeh Ghasemian Pouran Yousefipour Kermani Asieh ZabihniaAbd al-Rahman Jāmi is a famous poet and writer of the ninth century AH, who is in fact the end of the great Persian poets and is considered the greatest poet after the era of Hafez. Jāmi is a professional Sufi poet who uses Sufi terms in his poetry and prose, and in Bah MoreAbd al-Rahman Jāmi is a famous poet and writer of the ninth century AH, who is in fact the end of the great Persian poets and is considered the greatest poet after the era of Hafez. Jāmi is a professional Sufi poet who uses Sufi terms in his poetry and prose, and in Baharestan, many examples of good mystical thoughts can be found. Jami has expressed these thoughts mostly in short stories. Throughout Baharestan, Jāmi does not forget his main goal and purpose as a teacher of ethics and mysticism, and teaches readers of mysticism and ethics. Jāmi, like many mystics, considers the main goal of mysticism through the stages of mystical education or the journey of the houses of conduct, which begins with repentance and ends with annihilation, to be the essence of truth, which is the goal of every mystic. In this research, the author uses a descriptive-analytical method and a library method to study the intertextual context of Jāmi’s Sufism and mysticism in Baharestan and to answer the question of how Jāmi in Baharestan uses mystical themes to express his educational and moral goals. Studying Jāmi's mystical ideas in Baharestan concludes that Jāmi has shown interest in Iranian mysticism and the theories of Sheikhs in Khorasan and has used extensive mystical themes along with anecdotes for guidance and instruction as well as teaching others. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - A numerical solution of a Kawahara equation by using Multiquadric radial basis function
M. Zarebnia M. TakhtiIn this article, we apply the Multiquadric radial basis function (RBF) interpo-lation method for nding the numerical approximation of traveling wave solu-tions of the Kawahara equation. The scheme is based on the Crank-Nicolsonformulation for space derivative. The perf MoreIn this article, we apply the Multiquadric radial basis function (RBF) interpo-lation method for nding the numerical approximation of traveling wave solu-tions of the Kawahara equation. The scheme is based on the Crank-Nicolsonformulation for space derivative. The performance of the method is shown innumerical examples. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Investigating and comparing the spiritual aesthetics of Golestan with Baharestan, Parishan and Kharabat
ayat shokatiSome literary texts are formed in relation to other texts, and in this sense, texts in their world have various intra-textual and intertextual relations. In the meantime, usually one of the texts is ahead of the others in terms of time. After Saadi, Golestan and his sty MoreSome literary texts are formed in relation to other texts, and in this sense, texts in their world have various intra-textual and intertextual relations. In the meantime, usually one of the texts is ahead of the others in terms of time. After Saadi, Golestan and his style of expression, themes, compositions and images were given general and special attention, and his simplicity, clarity of expression and kindness of speech caused him to become a role model among writers and various works based on It is created as Baharestan Jami in the ninth century, Parishan Qaani in the twelfth century and the poor ruins of Shirazi in the thirteenth century are examples of such examples. The present study, in a descriptive-analytical and statistical manner and based on library studies, seeks to study Golestan, Baharestan, Parishan and Kharabat from the rhetorical point of view and from the perspective of spiritual industries (simile, metaphor, metaphor and irony) and show that What is the basis of Golestan in terms of judging the use of the spiritual industries of the other three? Findings show that some features were applicable in all four works, including the predominance of sensory similes compared to the rational and less permissible existence, but some features are considered a special feature between Golestan and others, such as Baharestan in balanced image resolution and volume And disturbances in shared images. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - Investigating Western borrowings in the imagery and theme-creation of constitutional era poetry "A case study of the poems of Malek al-Shaarai Bahar"
Ali Ghaempanah Tajabadi Maryam Gholamreza Beigi Majid Hajizadeh AskariThe constitutional era is one of the ups and downs of Iran's history, in which the results of the industrial progress of the West reached the third world countries and Iran. Therefore, researching and examining the poems of poets of this period will lead to more familia MoreThe constitutional era is one of the ups and downs of Iran's history, in which the results of the industrial progress of the West reached the third world countries and Iran. Therefore, researching and examining the poems of poets of this period will lead to more familiarity with the political, economic and social conditions of that era. In this research, an attempt has been made to "investigate Western vocabulary and terms in the depiction and theme-creation of the poetry of the constitutional era by means of a descriptive-analytical method and with library tools, relying on the divan of Malik al-Shaarai Bahar's poems." The findings of the research show that Bahar used imagery and thematization to express political, cultural and social themes due to familiarity with the past texts of the Persian language. In the thematic section, Bahar has used western loanwords more than other poets of his time, and in the illustration section, irony array has been used the most and he has created an image with the help of expression techniques with western words. The importance of using loan words in Diwan Bahar is that it expresses the atmosphere of cultural, political, social and economic relations between Iran and the countries of France, England and Russia. The high frequency of borrowing French words expresses political and social issues and the use of Russian words is mostly due to economic and industrial relations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - The Study of Tone Types in the Characters in Chaharmaghaleh by Nezami Arouzi Samarghandi
maryam sadeghi hosein safary nezhad Along with other story elements such as space-making, narrator, plot, character, etc., the tone is one of the most important and artistic ways to strike a relationship between the story and its audience. Inasmuch as this element speaks o More Along with other story elements such as space-making, narrator, plot, character, etc., the tone is one of the most important and artistic ways to strike a relationship between the story and its audience. Inasmuch as this element speaks of the specific atmosphere and behavioral aspects on the basis of which the text should be read and comprehended, it is so important that not knowing it well may mislead the audience in understanding the text and forming relations between different components of the story and make the correct understanding of the text and its ideas difficult. But what is the tone? What are the types? How important is this element? How much can it influence the enjoyment from a work? The present article studies the 24 tones in Chaharmaghaleh in order to see whether there can be a proportion between the number and the types of tones in every chapter of the book. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - پیوند و تنیدگی اندیشههای ناسوتی و لاهوتی ایرانیان در «عید نوروز»
حجت اله غ منیری -
Open Access Article
79 - Application of landsat imageries for mapping post-earthquake landslide, case study: 2012 Ahar-Varzegan earthquake, NW Iran
Leila Khodaei Geshlag Shahram Roostaei Davood Mokhtari Kalil Valizadeh -
Open Access Article
80 - The pattern and kinematics of deep deformation of 2012 Ahar-Varzaghan earthquake doublet (MW 6.4 and 6.2), a New seismotectonic interpretation
Mahnaz Nedaei Hasan Alizadeh Mahdi Jahangiri -
Open Access Article
81 - Geology and geochemistry of skarn deposits in the northern part of Ahar batholith, East Azarbaijan, NW Iran
Habib Mollai Abdol Majid Yaghubpur Reza Sharifiyan AttarPrincipal Skarn deposits along the northern margin of the Ahar batholith from west to east include Mazraeh, Vine and Gowdoul skarn deposits. Among these skarn deposits, the Mazraeh Cu-Fe Skarn deposit is the most typical skarn deposit in the NW Iran. This skarn deposit MorePrincipal Skarn deposits along the northern margin of the Ahar batholith from west to east include Mazraeh, Vine and Gowdoul skarn deposits. Among these skarn deposits, the Mazraeh Cu-Fe Skarn deposit is the most typical skarn deposit in the NW Iran. This skarn deposit is located 5 km. north of Mazraeh village and 20 km north of Ahar town. The origin and development of the skarn can be related to the granitic intrusion of Oligo- Miocene age which has intruded a sequence of calcareous rocks. On the basis of petrological considerations the skarn can be subdivided into Exoskarn, Endoskarn and Ore skarn. The main mineral constituents of the skarns are garnet, magnetite, calcite, chalcopyrite, epidote, hematite and pyroxene, accompanied by quartz, pyrite, bornite, coevalite, chalcocite, plagioclase and chlorite. The bulk chemistry and spatial variation characteristics indicate that the endoskarn was the result of interaction between Mazreah granodiorite with crystalline limestone and metasomatic alteration through hydrothermal fluid enriched in Mg, Fe, Cu, P, Ag, Zn, Pb, Cd, Mo, Mn, etc. These elements point toward a magmatic source, and have been contributed to the system from the magma as well as the host rock. The crystalline limestone was the source for Ca and Mg in case of endoskarn. The transformation of granodiorite into endoskarn was accomplished by addition of 1.4 to 15% CaO along with 7.17% of total iron into the granodiorite was accompanied by depletion of about 15.5% SiO2 (average 53.5%). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - Landslide Risk Assessment for Baba Heydar Watershed, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran
Ebrahim Karimi Sangchini Abdolhossein Arami Hasan Rezaii Moghadam Zainab Khodabakhshi Roya JafariLandslides are among the most damaging natural hazards in mountainous regions. In this study, landslide hazard zonation was conducted in the Baba Heydar Watershed using logistic statistical regression to determine landslide hazard areas. First, a landslide inventory map MoreLandslides are among the most damaging natural hazards in mountainous regions. In this study, landslide hazard zonation was conducted in the Baba Heydar Watershed using logistic statistical regression to determine landslide hazard areas. First, a landslide inventory map was prepared using aerial photograph interpretation and field surveys. Next, ten landslide conditioning factors including altitude, slope percentage, slope aspect, lithology, distance from faults, streams, villages and roads, land use, and precipitation were chosen as effective factors on landslide occurrence in the study area. Then, a landslide susceptibility map was constructed using a logistic regression statistical model in a geographic information system (GIS). Relative Operating Characteristics (ROC) and Pseudo R2 indices were used for model assessment. Finally, a risk map was created based on a risk equation using a combination of the susceptibility map, elements at risk and vulnerability. Results showed that the logistic regression statistical model provided slightly higher prediction accuracy of landslide susceptibility in the Baba Heydar Watershed with ROC equal to 0.876. The results revealed that about 44% of the watershed area was located in both the high and very high hazard classes. Additionally, 35% of the surveyed watershed was located in the high and very high-risk classes. This information is critical for the risk management, landslide risk and land planning of this mountainous area.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - Investigation of the Effect of Adding Bahar Narang (Citrus aurantium) Extract on Chemical, Sensory and Biological Properties of Doogh
Rasoul Rezaei Afsaneh Azimi Mahalleh Azam Azimi MahallehIn this study, the effect of adding Bahar narang (Citrus aurantium) (400 ppm) and encapsulated Bahar narang extract (2000 ppm) and storage time (0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days) on chemical properties (pH, acidity, and dry matter) and total phenolic compounds, microbial and se MoreIn this study, the effect of adding Bahar narang (Citrus aurantium) (400 ppm) and encapsulated Bahar narang extract (2000 ppm) and storage time (0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days) on chemical properties (pH, acidity, and dry matter) and total phenolic compounds, microbial and sensory properties (flavor and overall acceptance) of doogh were evaluated. The results showed that the amount of free and encapsulated Bahar narang extract had a significant effect on pH, acidity, phenolic compounds and the total count of mold and yeast (P< 0.05). As the increased the amount of free and encapsulated Bahar narang extract, the pH and phenolic compounds increased and the amount of acidity, mold and yeast decreased significantly (P> 0.05). Storage time also had a significant effect on all measurement factors (P< 0.05). Over time, the amount of phenolic compounds in the control sample and the sample containing free extract decreased and the count of mold and yeast in the control sample and treatment containing free extract increased, but in the sample of doogh containing encapsulated extract no mold and yeast were observed until the 21 day of storage. Phenolic compounds were also preserved until the last day of storage. The results of statistical analysis of sensory evaluation of doogh samples also showed that with the addition of Bahar narang extract, the flavor score and overall acceptance increased (P <0.05). The results indicate that the addition of Bahar narang extract increases the shelf life of doogh and improves its sensory properties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Investigating the Effect of Commercial and Operational Factors on Competitiveness Improvement of Shahid Beheshti Port in Chabahar in Attracting Shipping Lines
Mohammad Saeid Arbabi Hossein Vazifehdoust Karim Hamdi -
Open Access Article
85 - Understanding and Presenting Principles of Climatic Design in the Architectural Design of Golbahar City
Maryam Davarzani Hero Farkisch -
Open Access Article
86 - Comparative Study of Woman Portrait In Fariba Vafi And Sahar Khalife Writings Studied Cases: "My Bird" And" I'm Not Your Slave Anymore"
Rouhollahe Sayyadi Nejad Zahra MortezaePresent research aim was to study feminism points of view of Fariba Vafi and Sahar Khalife and also to study the woman portrait in these two writers’ works. Focusing on women affairs and showing the reality of their faces in literature was generalized in all perio MorePresent research aim was to study feminism points of view of Fariba Vafi and Sahar Khalife and also to study the woman portrait in these two writers’ works. Focusing on women affairs and showing the reality of their faces in literature was generalized in all periods but by appearance of feminism monopolization in 20th century; paying attention to this affair achieved more importance and more writers allocated their writings to women affairs. Fariba Vafi the Iranian writer and Sahar Khalife, the Palestinian writer were those literary that mentioned women emotions and their problems in their novels and have reflexed their political, cultural and social thinking. The study reviewed the woman features in "My Bird" written by Fariba Vafi and "I'm Not Your Slave Anymore" written by Sahar Khalife via analytic-descriptive method and emphasizing on American- English feminism critic. Finding of this study showed that this two literary had optimistic look on women and unpleasant look on men. Findings represented that the women of two writings were not only humble but also abnormal women that insisted traditions confrontation of patriarchal society and demanded their natural rights. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - Feministic Review of "Lam Noad Javari Lakom" Novel Based on Simon De Boar Existentialist Feminism Notions
Rouhollahe Saiiadi Nejad Zahra MortezaeiFeminism criticism is one of the literal critiques which investigate and study the relations between literal texts and feminism ideas and shows how close is the women given image to their real image. Sahar Khalife, contemporary Palestine author that was so influenced by MoreFeminism criticism is one of the literal critiques which investigate and study the relations between literal texts and feminism ideas and shows how close is the women given image to their real image. Sahar Khalife, contemporary Palestine author that was so influenced by feminist ideologues, imposed her feministic ideas to "Lam Noad Javari Lakom", (We Will Not Be Back Next to You) novel. The peak of such impression was adapted from Simon De Boar, the French famous critic and ideologist. Sahar Khalife established the characters of her novel based on the effects of De Boar feministic point of view on society culture and exploiting social attitude. The current study reviewed the mentioned novel via a descriptive-analytic method concerning De Boar feministic point of view. The results demonstrated that the author occasionally represented her novel women characters as passive, dominated, surrender, enthusiastic, timid and traditionalist. She sometimes introduced the women as anti traditions and.. as a result of De Boar liberal feministic point of view as well. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - Martyr Motahari’s Perspective on Woman’s Social Identity
سپیده SepehriThis article reflected the intellectual foundation of the martyr master Morteza Motahari and his approach to personal and social rights of women in the society. In this paper, based on some writings, speeches and notes of the martyr master Morteza Motahari, human status MoreThis article reflected the intellectual foundation of the martyr master Morteza Motahari and his approach to personal and social rights of women in the society. In this paper, based on some writings, speeches and notes of the martyr master Morteza Motahari, human status of women, especially her social identity, was concerned. The study showed the master's perspective that uttered the woman’s human being aspect was denied in old days and recognized her as a female and on the other hand in modern era because of the importance of humanity, her "woman" facet was neglected. Due to the presence of women in society and their impact on social activities of men ; the martyr master MortezaMotahari considered the women of higher social identities and reffering to the Koran verses and Islamic hadith and doctrines on woman, regardlessof her gender, attributed high personal and social value and esteem. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - Assessment of Almond (Pronus sp) Orchards Nutritional Balance utilizing Deviation from Optimum Percentage (DOP) Method on Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari Province
Arezoo Ahmadzadeh Chaleshtori ebrahim panahpour Ramin Iranipour Abdolamir Moezzi -
Open Access Article
90 - ارزیابی روشهای تحلیل بارشهای کوتاهمدت (مطالعه موردی: ایستگاه سینوپتیک شهرکرد)
حسین صمدی بروجنی کیومرث عماد روح الله فتاحی برآورد حداکثر دبی جریانهای سطحی ناشی از رواناب برای حوزههای آبریز فاقد دادههای طولانی مدت هیدرومتری، مبتنی بر مدلهای بارش- رواناب است. دادههای بارشهای کوتاه مدت از مهمترین اطلاعات مورد نیاز در استفاده از این قبیل مدلهاست. در بسیاری از نقاط دنیا More برآورد حداکثر دبی جریانهای سطحی ناشی از رواناب برای حوزههای آبریز فاقد دادههای طولانی مدت هیدرومتری، مبتنی بر مدلهای بارش- رواناب است. دادههای بارشهای کوتاه مدت از مهمترین اطلاعات مورد نیاز در استفاده از این قبیل مدلهاست. در بسیاری از نقاط دنیا و از جمله ایران دادههای کیفی و کمی ثبت شده مناسبی از بارشهای کوتاه مدت در اختیار نیست. روشهای متعددی جهت برآورد بارشهای کوتاه مدت بر اساس سایر دادههای باران سنجی از قبیل بارشهای روزانه و ماهیانه پیشنهاد شده است. در این تحقیق با استفاده از رگبارهای ثبت شده در ایستگاه سینوپتیک شهرکرد، واقع در استان چهارمحال و بختیاری، روابط منطقه ای برآورد بارشهای کوتاه مدت و روش نسبت بارشهای کوتاه مدت به حداکثر بارش 24 ساعته مورد مقایسه قرار گرفته است. نتایج نشان داد نسبتهای استخراج شده از منحنی­هایSCS و روابط منطقه­ای موجب برآورد دست بالا می­گردند. با توجه به سادگی استفاده از روش نسبتها، می­توان پس از استخراج نسبتهای پیشنهادی SCS برای منطقه مورد نظر، از این روش به عنوان روشی قابل قبول استفاده نمود. همچنین نتایج نشان داد با اعمال ضریب اصلاحی 7136/0 در روابط قهرمان آبخضر، مقادیر "شدت- مدت- فراوانی" رگبارها را برای منطقه شهرکرد با خطای مطلق 4 درصد بدست آورد. در نهایت یک رابطه لگاریتمی با ضریب تعیین 98/0 برای تهیه منحنی­های "شدت-مدت- فراوانی" ایستگاه شهرکرد ارائه شد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - Providing a Framework to Assess and Prioritize Risks in Outsourcing Projects in Bakhtiari Province Gas Company
Sohaila Ghasemi Pirbaluti Seyed Akbar Nilipour Tabatabaie Bijan KhayatbashiDue to the growing trend of use of the outsourcing approach in organizations, Gas Company of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, keep pace with developments in the outsourcing of Iran, implementing the most of their capital projects as the treaty. But according to the t MoreDue to the growing trend of use of the outsourcing approach in organizations, Gas Company of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, keep pace with developments in the outsourcing of Iran, implementing the most of their capital projects as the treaty. But according to the tenure of parts of operation service is still undertaking company and planning for outsourcing during the coming years in the agenda is located, in order to correctly use of outsourcing approach and improvement of Performance Company’s project, correct evaluation of risks before the outsourcing seems necessary in this organization. The purpose of this study provided a useful framework for identifying risks in the company's outsourcing projects and prioritizing them uses FMEA technique. Therefore, investigating the studies conducted, major risks and their effective factors were identified and classified considering the parameters of quality, cost and delivery time. Then, using of FMEA technique and based on the priority level of acquired risk severity, occurrence and detection, attempting to quantify and prioritize identified factors and providing corrective actions to control and reduce the risks. In this study, using a questionnaire survey and interviews with seven of the top executives of companies that are directly related to the issue is performed. Based on acquiring results, structural defects, functional defects, and delay in outsourcing project's implementation are more significant and currency exchange fluctuations factors, uncertainty of changing technology and customer requirements, lack of experience, expertise and knowledge in the field of outsourcing and lack of required skills for performance projects in high level and requires greater managerial control. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - The sociological analysis of woman's image in the poems of Malek al-Shara'i Bahar and Seyyed Ashrafdin Gilani
Reza Musabadi Mahdi Novrooz Batool FakhreslamThe woman and its role in the community is one of the issues that has always been considered in the poetic and prose works of Persian literature and has become a worthy place; But the woman in Persian classical literature does not have much positive and worthy face; Bec MoreThe woman and its role in the community is one of the issues that has always been considered in the poetic and prose works of Persian literature and has become a worthy place; But the woman in Persian classical literature does not have much positive and worthy face; Because among the poems of the classical poets, the woman's identity is confused and dark and the negative views on her are shadowed by the woman. Since the Constitutional Revolution and with the brief acquaintance of Iranians with Western culture and modern thoughts, the role and identity of women as one of the most important social activists in constitutional poetry has been taken into consideration. This research is to investigate and compare the manifestation of woman's image in the poems of Malek al-Shaara Bahar and Nasim shomal in the Constitutional Revolution, using descriptive-analytical method. One of the most important findings of this research is that the attitude of poets towards women's image has changed in Constitutionalist poetry; For the first time, the themes of this period are related to women's legal and social issues, and women are excluded from absolute love and their rationality, personality, and humanity are explained and analyzed. Both poets also believe in the achievement of women's knowledge, individual rights, and modern teachings; But in terms of freedom of coverage and the issue of hijab, the Spring discovers a veil of freedom from ignorance, while the Nasim shomal requires hijab for the presence of women in the community. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - Analysis of the relationship between structure of Haftpeykar and illustrated’s yellow, green, red Gonbads in in the Haftpeykar’s collection of the illustrated manuscript of KhamsehNezami in the library of ShahidMotahari School
farzaneh mehryar shahrzad niazi mortaza rashidi ashjerdiThe three paintings related to the yellow, green and red Gonbads in the Haftpeykar’s collection of the illustrated manuscript of KhamsehNezami in the library of ShahidMotahari School are so similar to each other which are seen as photocopies of each other.The purp MoreThe three paintings related to the yellow, green and red Gonbads in the Haftpeykar’s collection of the illustrated manuscript of KhamsehNezami in the library of ShahidMotahari School are so similar to each other which are seen as photocopies of each other.The purpose of this research is to show the reason for the similarity of the illustrated. In the method of structuralist critique, the Haftpeykar narrative system has a single narrative unit that is repeated throughout the story, especially the seven Gonbads and this repetitive narrative unit carries the message of the story, which is the basis of BahramGour's test and spiritual evolution. Assuming that the repetition of the structure of the illustrateds is related to the repetition of the story representation in the single structure of the text of the poem, the components of these illustrated is compared to the structural features of the story and the relationship between the mentioned illustrates and the narrative concept of the system is investigated by a descriptive-analytical method to understand a similar concept in the structure of the illustrateds and the purpose of the painter of this design and concludes that the painter recognizing the message of the system, in order to convey the message of the system, designed similar drawings to emphasize the message of the story and To show the greatness of the Safavid court, he repeated the initial section in three drawings to depict the glory of the court. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - A comparative study of modernity in the poems of Malek al-Shaara Bahar and Haji Kader Koui
kazhal fadakar reza sadeghi shahparOne of the main features in the poetry of the poets of the constitutional era is their new and modern view of various social topics and categories. This topic, especially in the parallel years of the constitutional revolution and after, can be seen more and more in the MoreOne of the main features in the poetry of the poets of the constitutional era is their new and modern view of various social topics and categories. This topic, especially in the parallel years of the constitutional revolution and after, can be seen more and more in the poems of the poets of this era. One of the most important contemporary Iranian poets in this period is Malik al-Shaara Bahar. In this research, the comparison of modernity in the poems of Bahar and Haji Qadir Koui, a Kurdish and Iraqi modernist poet, has been discussed. As it can be seen from their poems, both poets have a new and modernist view in many and different fields, and in this article, an attempt has been made to examine and analyze their views and thoughts about women, religion and science.Scientism, anti-superstition and a new look at women and issues related to her are the common points of both poets, although Haji Qadir paid more attention to ignorance and anti-superstition than Bahar, and Bahar paid more attention to women and her rights than him. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - Evaluating the interpretation of manifestations in the wisdom of Mazdisna and theoretical mysticism
Saeed Mohammadi kish Farah NiazkarTheoretical mysticism is basically based on thinking. In this epistemological approach, seekers of the journey to God emphasize on exploratory thinking and intuitive insight into the manifestations of existence and divine gifts, but it seems that the view of the unity o MoreTheoretical mysticism is basically based on thinking. In this epistemological approach, seekers of the journey to God emphasize on exploratory thinking and intuitive insight into the manifestations of existence and divine gifts, but it seems that the view of the unity of existence in the manifestation of the nobility precedes the opinions. Theoretical mysticism also existed in Avestan Iran, which indicates the longevity of mystical concepts in ancient Iran. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and analyze the similarities between the concept of manifestation in these two mystical and theological disciplines, which are examined in a descriptive-analytical manner. Accordingly, the main question of the research is that what are the similarities between the interpretation of the manifestation of divine theological forms in the world of existence and the descent of Zoroastrian lands from the Minoan world to the world of creation? The results of the research show that the delay in the manifestation of God's knowledge in the facts of the creatures of the world of possibility is also observed in Avestan Iran. As in Mazdasna, the spiritual forms that reside in human bodies are issued from the center of truth and are known as Amshaspandan Faruhari; In theoretical mysticism, the spiritual form of the determinations of existence are known as the fixed nobles, which are manifested in the manifestations of the world, and the perfect human being is the manifestation of the essence of truth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - Examining the Indicators of Lyrical Literature in the Ritual Poems of Malek Osh-Shoarai Bahar
Shabnam Karimshahi Malayeri reza sadeghi shahpar Hojatolah GhmoniriPredominance of the poet’s emotions has made Ritual poetry one of the most significant types of lyrical literature; accordingly, most of the form and content indicators of lyrical literature are used in its substance. This research aims to investigate and explain MorePredominance of the poet’s emotions has made Ritual poetry one of the most significant types of lyrical literature; accordingly, most of the form and content indicators of lyrical literature are used in its substance. This research aims to investigate and explain the reflection of the features of lyrical literature in the ritual poems of Persian Constitutional era - a case study of the ritual poems of Malek Osh-Shoarai Bahar. Bahar, one of the most prominent poets of the Constitutional period and the poet laureate of Astan Quds Razavi, had a long career in composing religious poems, especially in lamentation of the Prophet and the infallible Imams. He portrayed the true face of the Holy figures with an imagination full of emotion and feeling, and described them in the mirror of poetry via a lyrical language. The current research is conducted with a descriptive analytical approach using library research method, and seeks to examine the quantity and quality of the features of lyrical literature in the ritual poetry of Malek Osh-Shoarai Bahar in order to show their frequency and prominence. The result of the research shows that the content indicators such as description, pessimistic view of the times, reference to religious holidays and the birth of the Holy figures, etc. in Bahar's poetry originate from the poet's emotion (sorrow and happiness), and have been shown in the rhetorical structure (formal indicators) through simile and metaphor, as well as in the lyrical language of the poems through alliteration and lyrical music. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - Morphological Analysis of Siddha Nasafi’sBaharieh (based on Propp’s theory)
Azar Akbarzade Ebrahimi Zahra EkhtiariSiddha Nasafi’s Baharieh (1636- 1705) is an allegorical story of fable kind. This work which is similar to Panchatantra’s stories is capable of being adjusted with contemporary literary theories such as Propp’s morphology theory. Unlike content analysi MoreSiddha Nasafi’s Baharieh (1636- 1705) is an allegorical story of fable kind. This work which is similar to Panchatantra’s stories is capable of being adjusted with contemporary literary theories such as Propp’s morphology theory. Unlike content analysis, in formal- structural analysis the story is analyzed through form and structure and the content and subject are not very much considered. Lots of folk tales can be studied using this approach. Propp’s structural approach is a suitable method to analyze stories. Because of proximity and sequence of characters’ actions, Baharieh can also be analyzed using the structural approach. Among 31 narrative units of Propp’s theory, the units of “villainy”, “struggle”, “false claim” and “reconciliation between parties” have been used more in Baharieh and hence are similar to many of Panchatantra’s stories. On the other hand, at the end of Baharieh, the debate of “lion and ant” can be compared to ParvinEtesami’s debates of “ant and snake” and “ant and nightingale” that not only have similar contents, but also share common points according to structural theory of Propp. Like Siddha Nasafi’sBaharieh, in these two debates, narrative elements of “villainy”, “struggle” and finally “victory of protagonist against antagonist” have been proposed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - Hbsiyha writing in Arabic and Persian Poetry (Comparative Research: Poetry Abvfras malk alshoaraye Bahar)
Toraj zainivand Payman SalehiHbsyh, any one of the poet's poetry is the conscience of her B sin, separation from relatives and friends, prison difficulties, resorting to elders and Amir and ... word says. In Arabic and Persian poetry, famous choral reputation in this field MoreHbsyh, any one of the poet's poetry is the conscience of her B sin, separation from relatives and friends, prison difficulties, resorting to elders and Amir and ... word says. In Arabic and Persian poetry, famous choral reputation in this field have reached. Abvfras Hamdani, poet and composer Abbasid period of the "Romans" in Arabic literature, the lead ball is stolen from others. Bahar poet laureate of the poets of the period Constitutional Persian literature is considered that the prison years Bndmvyh that is pulled up to the order. This research is based on the American school in comparative literature review and comparative analysis of themes and structures common or Hbsyh differently by the two poets pay. The basic research topics include: A) a short preface, writing about Hbsyh garlic in Persian and Arabic literature and research overview. B) Comparative analysis of the content and structure of para Mvyh Abvfras and Bahar. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - A Comparative Study of the Process of Nostalgia "monuments" in the poem's of shahriyar, Bahar And "Mirzadeh eshghi
Hamid Reza Ghanooni Parvin GholamhoseiniNostalgia (Nostalgia), memorable or monuments or withhold mapping can be summarized in a feeling of bitter and sweet things, people and situations in the past, defined. The Oxford English dictionary, the nostalgia of being away that long from home is a form of nostalgia MoreNostalgia (Nostalgia), memorable or monuments or withhold mapping can be summarized in a feeling of bitter and sweet things, people and situations in the past, defined. The Oxford English dictionary, the nostalgia of being away that long from home is a form of nostalgia, is defined. The word nostalgia nostalgia made of two Greek words. nostos means to return home and algia means "pain" is. In this study the etymology and definition of this word - according to theories to explain similarities and differences between different manifestations of political nostalgia in shahriyar,bahar and Mirzadeh will be discussed, the various manifestations of mental problem (nostalgia away from home as nostalgia, exile, prison, nostalgia for the legendary Iranian poet, a difficult political atmosphere, killing people and destroying the city, recalling the glorious history of the past) analyzed and investigated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - An Analysis of Creative City Policy in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province
bashir beygbabaye Jamalaldin HoseinimotlagThe creative city is mainly associated with human capital and its historical monuments are emphasized, and if we come. To classify this creative city, we see that we are faced with two categories of creative cities or two creative floors. Some are producers of ideas and MoreThe creative city is mainly associated with human capital and its historical monuments are emphasized, and if we come. To classify this creative city, we see that we are faced with two categories of creative cities or two creative floors. Some are producers of ideas and some are users of ideas and investors. In Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, the creative citizen has both given ideas and invested himself. For example, in the city of Hafshjan, the idea and art of welding, which has caused about 70% of these people to be engaged in welding in the country and abroad and cause currency to the country, which can be called (creative welding city) according to the conditions of this city. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to introduce the creativity of creative citizens of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. For this purpose, documentary, library, descriptive and field methods have been used. Due to the cultural, natural and religious capacities and potentials, historical and social and tourist attraction, each of the cities of the province has the ability to become a creative city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - "A comparative study of the concept of rationality in the thoughts of Max Weber and Shahid Motahari and its political consequences"
seyed amin تقوی فر Hamed Ameri Golestani Shiva Jalal Por Hamed MohagheghniaThe stable core of the thoughts of Max Weber and Shahid Motahari is rationality. Rationality in Weber's thoughts has built something based on Kantian subjectivism by passing Parsonsian reading. It means that man should not make the reality in accordance with the reality MoreThe stable core of the thoughts of Max Weber and Shahid Motahari is rationality. Rationality in Weber's thoughts has built something based on Kantian subjectivism by passing Parsonsian reading. It means that man should not make the reality in accordance with the reality, but should falsify and validate it; Because there is no previous cultural phenomenon in the fields of thought and ethics; Also, rationality in the thoughts of Martyr Motahari includes broad aspects such as being a revelation and a follower of the Sharia, which uses various tools such as experience, revelation, narration, and reason, and from where it has been able to provide comprehensiveness to the various social dimensions of the revolution. It is the ideology of the Islamic revolution. In this article, the qualitative research method is used and the data analysis method is descriptive. The result obtained is that rationality in Weber's thoughts can be understood and analyzed based on credit perceptions and not real perceptions in the intellectual system of Shahid Motahari. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - Study of the rainfall effects on bacterial concentration in the selected karst water resources, in typical arid and semi-arid region of Maharlu basin, Shiraz
Ehsan Pouryasin Mehrdad Rahnemaei Mohammad ManshouriEach karstic aquifer has its own singular hydrodynamics behavior, flow pattern and infiltration capacitycharacteristics. Recent studies have shown that the karst aquifers responses to infiltration events are veryimportant. In this research, studies reveal the effectiven MoreEach karstic aquifer has its own singular hydrodynamics behavior, flow pattern and infiltration capacitycharacteristics. Recent studies have shown that the karst aquifers responses to infiltration events are veryimportant. In this research, studies reveal the effectiveness of rainfall events on the index bacterialconcentration in dry and wet period in a semi-arid region, Maharlu basin. But total rainfall does not have anydetermined relationship with total bacterial concentration in the selected karst water resources, so we need toprospect any event as unique. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - Investigation of Hydro Geochemical Changes in Groundwater Case Study: Hamedan-Bahar Plain
Sajad Fazel Tavasol Ali Ahmadi Mostafa Safari Komil Reza DehghaniInvestigating of the changes in groundwater quality in the planning and management of water resources in each region is of great importance. In order to analyze the water quality hydro chemical analysis of 26 shallow wells has been. The major ions and the physical param MoreInvestigating of the changes in groundwater quality in the planning and management of water resources in each region is of great importance. In order to analyze the water quality hydro chemical analysis of 26 shallow wells has been. The major ions and the physical parameters of the water samples were measured. With the aim of analyzing the concentration changes of ions, cluster analysis methods and saturation indices along with statistical analysis and spatial graphic methods were investigated. Results indicate that this plain encounters negative budget and a decrease in the quality of groundwater; and the chemical type and facies of water in this field is (ca-Hco3). Plain water resources are divided into three groups in terms of quality. Due to the influence of artificial recharge dams in areas of aquifer discharge, water quality has improved. All measured samples are under saturated with respect to anhydrite, and s upersaturated with respect to calcite and dolomite. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - The investigation of gaseous pollutant layers depth with hydrogeochemical and geoelectrical data in chahardoly plain
Mohammad Manshori سجاد Fazel-TavasolThe studied area is located at Qorveh region, NW of Hamadan. The pollution of water resources withCO2 is the main problem in the studied area. Destruction of water resource, existence of hygiene andeconomic problems are its results.Main changes in drinking water quality MoreThe studied area is located at Qorveh region, NW of Hamadan. The pollution of water resources withCO2 is the main problem in the studied area. Destruction of water resource, existence of hygiene andeconomic problems are its results.Main changes in drinking water quality in chahardoly plain, is a evidence for ground water resourcescontamination. In this work, hydrogeochemistry and geoelectrical datas have used to Investigation ofpollutant layers depth for chahardoly plain.According to vertical hydrogeochemical and resistivity investigations of sediment horizons, fieldinvestigations and observation in drilling sites, the depth of gas rich layer is estimated about 50-60meters Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - A comparative study of the imprisonments of Malek al-Shoara Bahar and Fadavi Touqan
Esmaeil EslamiCommon intellectual fields are the result of common social issues and the manifestation of this can be found in literature. By exploring literary works, one can find out how similar ideas are formed among writers. The present research will deal with the descriptive-anal MoreCommon intellectual fields are the result of common social issues and the manifestation of this can be found in literature. By exploring literary works, one can find out how similar ideas are formed among writers. The present research will deal with the descriptive-analytical method, with the approach of comparative literature and based on the American school, to examine imprisonment in the poems of Malek al-Shoara, an Iranian poet, and Fadavi Touqan, a Palestinian poet, and will study and discuss the most obvious themes of prison in their poems. Because Malek al-Shoara Bahar and Fadavi Touqan are poets who fought and sought freedom and spent the best years of their lives in prison and exile. Both of them have complained about their depressing and inhuman environment and have been imprisoned. The results of the research show that patriotism, anti-colonialism, call to resistance, promotion of solidarity and stability, promotion of justice and fairness, honoring the position of martyr and freedom and hope are common themes in the poems of these two poets and it seems that the two poets are in a situation And the understanding of the similar experience has provided the prerequisites for such a thing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - Comparative study of the effects of British and Russian colonialism in the constitutional era in the poems of Nasim Shomal and Malek al-Sha'ari-Bahar
Reza Musabadi mahdi nowrooz The resistance literature in the Constitutional Revolution is a tree of unity that has emerged in the cultural context of the Constitutional Revolution against tyranny and colonialism of aliens. This literary arena has emerged on the basis of the struggle against More The resistance literature in the Constitutional Revolution is a tree of unity that has emerged in the cultural context of the Constitutional Revolution against tyranny and colonialism of aliens. This literary arena has emerged on the basis of the struggle against the oppressors and their faces and in order to defend Iranian identity against the invasion of foreigners. The phenomenon of colonialism is one of the phenomena that has always faced the countries and nations of the East. Therefore, knowledgeable and capable people, especially artists and literati, are poetic weapons to fight colonialism and colonialism. Due to the fact that colonial practices are diverse and different; therefore, the struggles against it should be diverse and appropriate. In this article, using descriptive-analytical method, a comparative study of the views of Mohammad Taghi Bahar and Seyed-Ashoor-al-Din-Husseini on the colonial phenomenon in their poems is discussed. The researches carried out in this article show that both poets have introduced various phenomena of colonialism in different forms and have similar approaches to fight it, and have presented some solutions that are important- Most of them are: Informing people and neglecting them; inviting to unite and confront colonialism; humiliating colonialism with the language of satire, condemning and condemning oppressors; provoking people and returning to the identity of the Islamic culture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - A stylistic study of the Ahary's writings
hadi heidari Azizola Tavakoli Maryam Raei According to history, getting familiar with mystics and ethics is a powerful factor affecting the human relationship with god and with each other. Individual and social ethic is also affected by mystics deeply specially islamic mystics. Today, most of publishers More According to history, getting familiar with mystics and ethics is a powerful factor affecting the human relationship with god and with each other. Individual and social ethic is also affected by mystics deeply specially islamic mystics. Today, most of publishers try to influence the future constructors, kids and teenagers, trough mystic educations so that they have a tighter contact with these concepts. The "Erfan Nazar Ahary" is one of contemporary successful auhors that has suceeded fulling this gap with his little publishments and implement mystics in infantine literature. He used some simple daily literature, without entering the complex world of mystics, to impare these concepts into the infantine literature in the subject of ideology and corresponding concepts. The author of this study tries to explain this author's method of mystics implementation in infantinary literature and propose some examples of this manoeuvre. It seems that this author has suceeded in absorbing kids and teenagers to this saint pathway to the ideology and god concepts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - A comparative study of Ameshaspandan in Zoroastrianism and the standing property in theoretical mysticism
Saeed Mohammadi kishThe fixed nobles in theoretical mysticism are the forms of divine knowledge that have entered into the body of the world in holy grace, the fixed nobles in divine knowledge are limited only once in eternity and have become the manifestation of the essence of the Almight MoreThe fixed nobles in theoretical mysticism are the forms of divine knowledge that have entered into the body of the world in holy grace, the fixed nobles in divine knowledge are limited only once in eternity and have become the manifestation of the essence of the Almighty in the guise of names and attributes. This research is a theoretical study that examines the descriptive-comparative interpretation of the synonyms of Ayan Thabiteh in the ancient Zoroastrian religion through the method of library research and description and comparison of data. The purpose of this research is to investigate the fundamental similarities between these two religious and mystical attitudes. Referring to the findings of the research, it can be said that the spiritual forms of the universe in Zoroastrianism are called Amshaspandan Farvashi, which, like the nobles, were created before the creation of existence and were placed in the Gita body, they are the manifestation of the names and attributes, the manifestations of Ahura Mazda in They are the Gita world. In both attitudes, the first covenant and acknowledgment of the mission of servanthood are mentioned. Divine knowledge is fixed in them, and in the scientific facts of beings, they have the same definitions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - Analyzing peoples' role in Islamic Revolution of Iran in Chahrmahal and Bakhtiari province
mashaallah izadz Feizollah Boushasb Gousheh alireza abtahiThe main aim in the present article is studying the engagement role of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari revolutionary centers in forming of people's combats by focusing on the religious leaders' role in the success of Islamic Revolution of Iran. It is a historical research whi MoreThe main aim in the present article is studying the engagement role of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari revolutionary centers in forming of people's combats by focusing on the religious leaders' role in the success of Islamic Revolution of Iran. It is a historical research which uses library and field method in collecting relevant data. The current study introduces revolutionary centers and forums of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari in the combat years while explains the ways of forming peoples' movements and the function of fighting peoples by emphasizing religious leaders' role as the provice pioneers in revolutionary movements. The results indicates that the most important revolutionary centers in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari have been mosques, schools, universities, religious groups and house-held parties and meetings which acted to promote revolutionary ideas. Active revolutionary peoples such as religious leaders, teachers, sellers and women in these centers embarked upon promoting religious ideas and organizing fighters’ activities. They performed an effective roll in fulfillment of Islamic revolution by participating in protests, demonstrations and other combat actions. Religious leaders were the primary cores that promoted revolution values and caused unity among people. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - New and different approach to story of Buye Juye Mulian (Cash on literary and history sources of Samanid age)
javad horavi The trends of history and status celebrities can be away from each alloy and error,and to fingertip extensive studies and scientific research and documentation, representation and construction development. But among some of the events and stori More The trends of history and status celebrities can be away from each alloy and error,and to fingertip extensive studies and scientific research and documentation, representation and construction development. But among some of the events and stories of ancestors, so dubious and the dark is that opportunity for many researchers consider requiring the owner to correct the bottom and turn on clear light on the dark space. One obvious example of such suggest, reflection on the story "Buye juye Mulian" father of Persian poetry poems, gifted and ambitious time Samanids Rudaki is master wise and capable. The purpose of this paper, illumination opinion of experts about the lack of logical relationship between this written and documented, and age Samanid dynasty of Nasr II. The reasons cited, lack of control over such communications. Therefore, the fact that it is never going to Ale Saman wisely time , lacking in the seed of such wisdom is empty. However, their high and beauty of Nasr ibn Ahmad graduated from the consequences that such anecdotal result , his prestige to taint pleasure. Contemplation and reflection in this story will make up that always right on the Rudaki and Nasr Samanid both deserve to celebrate Manuscript profile -
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111 - Jamaleddin Savoji and the Effect of his Personality on the Behavioristic Path of Qalandariyya
zahra amireQalandariyya is one of the branches of the Safaviyya dynasty which was ramified from the faction of Malamatiyya and is sometimes considered as Malamatiyya itself. At first, the actions of Qalandariyya were similar to those of Malamatiyya, i.e. protesting against the pol MoreQalandariyya is one of the branches of the Safaviyya dynasty which was ramified from the faction of Malamatiyya and is sometimes considered as Malamatiyya itself. At first, the actions of Qalandariyya were similar to those of Malamatiyya, i.e. protesting against the political and social conditions. However, after some time, the members of this faction began to sham. They turned to unusual and strange appearances for distinguishing themselves from other members of the society. One of the prominent figures of Qalandariyya was Jamaleddin Savoji who was the leader of Julaghi Qalandaris. The myths surrounding Jamaleddin Savoji such as the stories told to Sufis and mystics are full of unbelievable exaggerations. Being an Iranian, Jamaleddin presented his novelty practices in Damascus. Later, he went to Egypt and settled in Damietta. A large number of people from Islamic countries became Jamaleddin's followers. After his death, Qalandaris who pretended to be chaste and free from worldly attachments fell into corruption and committed actions which were against both the custom and the religion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - The extension and depth variations of mineralization under Sungun skarn zone and its effect on areas environment
صولت atalouThe extension of Sungun porphyry penetration in eastern part of Sungun river and its intrusion with surfacecarbonate rocks have caused skarnization and carbonate mineralization on surface and solphid mineralization on surface and in depth.The collision of this mass with MoreThe extension of Sungun porphyry penetration in eastern part of Sungun river and its intrusion with surfacecarbonate rocks have caused skarnization and carbonate mineralization on surface and solphid mineralization on surface and in depth.The collision of this mass with surface carbonate rocks having a northern-southern range has created pyrite solphid minerals, 4 boreholes out of 6 borehole in a distance of 100±8 m located in N-S prophile (row) made it possible to study a vertical zone of 140800 square meters which was investigated based on 12820 different data about the changes in lithology, Each of these 3 haloes is extended in a north-south range in both sides with various intensities. diorite porphyry, diorite dikes and less hornfels and tuff. Mineralization type is disseminated and vinlets and is limited to quartz-seresite alteration and fracture zone.Quartz seresite alteration is very important and coloristic, Mineralization, Extension of Mineralization haloes, Various minerals and other evidence that the thing that was called Sungun skarn mineralization part are not something except the surface reflexes of surface skarn and are the rest part of the penetrated porphyry mass of mineralization of Sungun in east of the river.The existance of mineral ore in the form of mostly sulfide composition is considered as a great potentioal in order to create environmental contamination like soil, water, jungle and beast animal survival areas.The permanent record of precise measurement systems and using artificial intelligence to avoid the entrance of metals and environmental contamination is deemed to be significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - The Role of Chabahar Port in the Foreign Policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran
ghasem arbabi Rahmat Hajimineh Yaser KahrazehToday, the role of ports as the most pervasive route of trade transit is of great importance in the foreign policy relations of countries in the world of politics, and Iran is no exception. Accordingly, this study was conducted with the aim of evaluating and analyzing t MoreToday, the role of ports as the most pervasive route of trade transit is of great importance in the foreign policy relations of countries in the world of politics, and Iran is no exception. Accordingly, this study was conducted with the aim of evaluating and analyzing the capacities and impact of Chabahar port in adopting Iran's political approaches in the region and the international system It also explains the opportunities and challenges ahead from a critical geopolitical perspective. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical and the method of collecting library information is by emphasizing and citing political and commercial reports and documents. The findings of this study indicate that one of the most basic criteria of regional and international political relations of Iran regarding countries such as Pakistan, India, China and Afghanistan is explained based on the development policies of Chabahar port. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - The sociological analysis of the ultimate possible conscious and acceptable information about the emphasis on MollaAdibAhari lamentation letter in relation to Sam ArshadGharehDaghi
Flor Hakimi Ramin SadeghinezhadMolla Hassan AdibAhari has written an elegy in the first anniversary of Sam Khan GharehjeDaghi nicknamed as Amir Arshad that is being an important mourning letter in terms of sociological views. By studying this mourning letter, we find out that Molla Hassan has applied MoreMolla Hassan AdibAhari has written an elegy in the first anniversary of Sam Khan GharehjeDaghi nicknamed as Amir Arshad that is being an important mourning letter in terms of sociological views. By studying this mourning letter, we find out that Molla Hassan has applied his own ultimate and possible struggle to show the establishment of social classes designing and drawing acceptable information to give a sophisticated character of Sam Khan in a social intellectual term. This also is matched to his social era as an adaptive case along with the historical events presented in some books in this regard. Sam Khan has been introduced as an outstanding, liberty-seeking, dictator-fighter and idealism character in this lamentation letter. Some of these conscious affairs are not coincident with the historical backgrounds. The main question is whether Molla Hassan is familiar with the social classes concepts, and by reviewing this mourning text, it is shown that he could be able to write these mourning texts by his own talent and aptitude congenitally in his own verses. In this text, it is observed that he has taken and applied Lucian Goldman's structuralism style. Now, we struggled to represent the structural relationship of the related text in terms of social classes and conscious concepts through the implementation and clarification of two methods of perception and explanation on this mourning text. The findings of the text showed that there is not a direct relationship between the acceptable information of the mourning verses and social class and the impact of producing the periodical structure in this regard. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - Investigation of the prevalence of Neospora caninum in traditional cheeses produced from the milk of ruminants in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province by molecular method
Danial Abbasi tadi Ebrahim RahimiCheese isamong ther dairy products and is a suitable environment for the growth and reproduction of microorganisms. One of these pathogens, Neospora caninum, causes abortion in cows. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of N. caninum in traditio MoreCheese isamong ther dairy products and is a suitable environment for the growth and reproduction of microorganisms. One of these pathogens, Neospora caninum, causes abortion in cows. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of N. caninum in traditional cheeses produced from ruminant milk using molecular method. In this study, 86 traditional cheese samples consisting 42 cow cheese, 20 sheep cheese, 12 goat cheese, and 12 sheep cheese ripened in brine were randomly collected from dairy herds in Chahar Mahal and Bakhtiari provinces. The samples were transferred to the laboratory in sterile conditions next to ice an, and Nested-PCR technique was used on Nc5 gene for molecular analysis. The results showed that 9.3% (8/86) of the samples were contaminated with N. caninum. The highest contamination (12.5%) was found in cow milk cheese samples. No contamination was observed in traditional cheeses produced from goat milk or sheep brined cheese. The comparison of contamination levels in different cheeses showed no significant difference between the groups. Since milk and dairy products have a high place in the human food basket; therefore, the healthiness of these foods is crucial. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - The study and comparison of heavy metals concentration (Nickel, Lead, Cadmium and Zinc) in the muscle of Otolithes ruber, Parastromateus niger, Scomberomorus commerson and Sphyraena jello from Chabahar area in summer
E. Shahri N. Khorasani G.h. Noori F. Kord Mostafapour M. VelayatzadehThe heavy metals are from the pollutants which create too much problems in aquatic ecosystems for aquatics and human. This study was done concentration of heavy metals Nickle, Cadmium, Lead and Zinc and risk assessment in the muscle of Otolithes ruber, Paras MoreThe heavy metals are from the pollutants which create too much problems in aquatic ecosystems for aquatics and human. This study was done concentration of heavy metals Nickle, Cadmium, Lead and Zinc and risk assessment in the muscle of Otolithes ruber, Parastromateus niger, Scomberomorus commerson and Sphyraena jello in 2013. Ninety six samples of fishes was prepared of coastal and marine from the Chabahar, Iran. Metals were extracted from the tissues using wet Digestion method and concentration of the heavy metals were measured by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer Younglin AAS8020. Concentration of Cd was in Parastromateus niger (0.0450 mg Kg-1) higher than other species. Also, the lowest Concentration of this element was in Otolithes ruber and Scomberomorus commerson (0.0150 mg Kg-1). Concentration of Pb was in Sphyraena jello (0.0125 mg Kg-1) lower than other species. Concentration of Ni was in Sphyraena jello (4.1800 mg Kg-1) higher than other species. Also, the lowest Concentration of this element was in Scomberomorus commerson (0.0150 mg Kg-1). Concentration of Zn was in Sphyraena jello (0.5450 mg Kg-1) higher than other species. Also, the lowest Concentration of this element was in Scomberomorus commerson (0.0150 mg Kg-1). Concentration of Cd, Pb and Zn was lower than comparison of FAO, WHO, UKMAFF, NHMRC and FDA. Concentration of Ni was higher than comparison ofGlobal Standards. According to the results, the amount of heavy metals in muscle of fishes in the study not take any risks for human consumption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - Determination of enrofloxacin residue in the muscle and liver of cultured rainbow trout in Chaharmahal-va-Bakhtiary province by ELISA
فیروز FadaeifardEnrofloxacin is one of the broad-spectrum antibiotics in veterinary medicine which in recent years its application has grown considerably for the control of infectious diseases in farmed fish. Alpha The aim of this study was to quantify enrofloxacin residue in muscle a MoreEnrofloxacin is one of the broad-spectrum antibiotics in veterinary medicine which in recent years its application has grown considerably for the control of infectious diseases in farmed fish. Alpha The aim of this study was to quantify enrofloxacin residue in muscle and liver of rainbow trout cultured in Chaharmahal-va-Bakhtiary province using ELISA method. For this, the samples were obtained from the farms located in Ardal and Koohrang areas during the spring and summer of 2011. Three farms were chosen from each area and 15 samples were taken from three weight categories including < 50, 50-150 and > 150 g (5 samples from each category). Results revealed that maximum (58.33) and minimum (23.33) percentage of enrofloxacin residue was determined in <50 g and >150 g categories, respectively. In Koohrang region, the quantity of enrofloxacin residues in muscle and liver samples was 13.84 ± 11.50 and 19.95 ± 18.06, respectively. Meanwhile in Ardal, the quantity of the residue was estimated at 12.83 ± 11.62 and 11.22 ± 11.09, respectively. Considering the sampling time, among spring samples the quantity of the residues in muscle and liver was estimated at 14.27 ± 13 and 22.06 ± 21.69, respectively. The quantity of enrofloxacin among the summer samples was 12.40 ± 10.29 and 8.86 ± 7.31, respectively. Moreover, mean value of enrofloxacin residue in the muscle and liver of Koohrang was higher than Ardal region. It was concluded that enrofloxacin residue was lower than the maximum acceptance limit determined by the European Union. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - Incidence of ascites in broilers affected by respiratory syndrome in Isfahan and Chaharmahal-va-Bakhtiyari provinces
majid gholami ahangaran ezzatollah Gholami-Ahangaran houman kamali For comparison of the incidence rate of ascites in broilers affected by respiratory syndrome in Isfahan (ISF) and Chaharmaha-va-bakhtiari (CMB) provinces, 74 broiler chicken flocks in ISF and 27 broiler chicken flocks in CMB were monitored along growing per More For comparison of the incidence rate of ascites in broilers affected by respiratory syndrome in Isfahan (ISF) and Chaharmaha-va-bakhtiari (CMB) provinces, 74 broiler chicken flocks in ISF and 27 broiler chicken flocks in CMB were monitored along growing period during 2010-2012. Results showed the frequency of ascites incidence in CMB was significantly higher than ISF (p<0.05). The analysis of data showed that there was a significant relationship between respiratory syndrome and ascites syndrome incidence in broiler chickens (p<0.05) but there was no relationship between ascites and location after respiratory syndrome. Furthermore, the percent of ascites incidence after respiratory syndrome in CMB was significantly higher than ISF (p<0.05). It seems that broiler chickens in CMB, due to some risk factors such as high altitude and low temperature, were highly susceptible to ascites after respiratory syndrome in comparison to ISF and it is necessary to apply specific nutritional and hygienic management measures of broiler flocks in this area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - Molecular detection of Aeromonas hydrophila in the aquarium gold fish and cultured rainbow trout in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiary province
firouz Fadaeifard Aeromonas hydrophilia is the etiologic agent of motile aeromonas septicaemia, one of the most important bacterial diseases of fresh and marine water fishes. The aim of the present study was detection of A. hydrophilia in the aquarium goldfish an More Aeromonas hydrophilia is the etiologic agent of motile aeromonas septicaemia, one of the most important bacterial diseases of fresh and marine water fishes. The aim of the present study was detection of A. hydrophilia in the aquarium goldfish and cultured rainbow trout in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiary province. In this study 50 goldfish from aquarium fish shops and 60 rainbow trouts suspected of having the disease from 6 farms (10 fish in each farm) were randomly collected. The average weight in goldfish and rainbow trout samples were 3-5 g and 10-20 g, respectively. Sampling was performed from kidney and liver, and inoculated into blood agar and incubated at 22°C for 24 hours. Pure colonies which are grown on the mediums were tested by catalase, oxidase and gram staining, then those of gram-negative, catalase and oxidase positive were diagnosed, and cultured on Shotts-Rimler medium (as selective medium for A. hydrophila). These mediums were incubated at 22 °C for 24-48 h. The typical colonies were tested by using oligonucleotide primers of lip gene by PCR method. In light of molecular analysis of all specimens, 9 and 6 isolates from rainbow trout and gold fishes were identified as A. hydrophila respectively. Due to the detection of A. hydrophila in both cultured rainbow trout and aquarium goldfish, the bacteria can lead to septicemia with mortality if the health management principles are not observed in fish farming. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - Survey of primultaneous Contamination with CIAV and infection with AI and ND in broiler chicken of Chaharmahal - va - Bakhtiari provence
ezzatollah fathihafshanjaniAbstract The agent of chicken infectious anemia (CIA) belongs to Circoviridae. CIA can cause severe anemia, immunosuppression and high sensitivity to bacterial, viral, parasitic and fungal pathogens. The aim of this study was to investigate simultaneous in MoreAbstract The agent of chicken infectious anemia (CIA) belongs to Circoviridae. CIA can cause severe anemia, immunosuppression and high sensitivity to bacterial, viral, parasitic and fungal pathogens. The aim of this study was to investigate simultaneous infection of CIA with Newcastle disease (ND) and Avian influenza (AI) in broiler chickens of Chahrmahal-va-Bakhtiari province. For this purpose, in 2011, from 14 broilers chicken flocks at 2-7 weeks old age, with confirmed ND and AI thymus and bursa of fabricious were sampled for amplification of 1390 base pair fragment of VP1 of CIA virus. Histopathologic the result of PCR showed that 4 flocks (28.57%) were one hundred percent infected with CIA. examination approved the results of PCR. This study showed high simultaneous infection rate of CIA with ND and AI that causes high mortality in these flocks. Therefore, this may be related to immunosuppressant effect of CIA, alone or with other infections. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - A Study on the Effect of Social and Psychological Factors on the Sense of Social Security(A Case Study of Youth 20 to 30 Years Old in Charmahal Va Bakhtiari)
Hojatollah Moradi Pordanjani Sattar Sadeghi Enayatollah Tavakoli Mohammad Ghasemi -
Open Access Article
122 - Explaining Urban Tourism Development Strategies with Emphasis on Integrated Management (Case Study: Chabahar City)
abdolbaset doorzadeh mehr ali rahimi malikhe shahbeeikiExisting inconsistencies between management organizations have caused confusion in city administrations and wasted material and intellectual capital in such a way that the decisions of organizations and municipal service agencies in some cases are in conflict with each MoreExisting inconsistencies between management organizations have caused confusion in city administrations and wasted material and intellectual capital in such a way that the decisions of organizations and municipal service agencies in some cases are in conflict with each other. Today, the lack of integrated urban management has imposed multiple costs on the body of the urban economy and has faced many challenges in urban management. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the current tourism management of Chabahar and provide solutions for the integration of tourism management. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical. Documentary surveys, libraries and questionnaires have been used to collect the required information and data. Identifying strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats The SWOT analytical method has been used to determine strategies from the QSPM model. According to the results of the position evaluation matrix and strategic action, a defensive strategy for tourism management in Chabahar was selected. In order to solve the problems ahead and with the aim of achieving integrated tourism management in Chabahar city and improving the current situation of tourism management in Chabahar city, some suggestions are presented as follows. 1- Formation of "Coordination Council" by local institutions for coordination between organizations 2- Coordination of institutions involved in urban tourism management 3- Decentralization of the duties of institutions involved and in charge of tourism management towards centralism in the Coordination Council and... Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - Evaluation After the Operation of Baharestan Mehr Housing, Isfahan
Mahmoud Reza Saghafi Bahare Mirzaei Mahshid Naghibi Mohammad Mahdi Kave jabaliMehr Housing consists of huge residential complexes is a national project to provide affordable housing for low-income families. The inhabitants of Mehr project are an excellent source acquiring for survey information. This study pursues its aim to estimate the level of MoreMehr Housing consists of huge residential complexes is a national project to provide affordable housing for low-income families. The inhabitants of Mehr project are an excellent source acquiring for survey information. This study pursues its aim to estimate the level of satisfaction of the occupants of Mehr Housing in Baharestan in the south of Isfahan. The main question of this research is whether the residents of Mehr Housing in Baharestan are satisfied with the physical, service, functional and economic aspects of their own complexes? These estimates make it possible to replicate any success and avoid failures in similar sets. The research method is quantitative and descriptive analytical. Data collection tools are documentary and field (through a questionnaire). The case study is Baharestan Mehr Housing and the sample size is 184 households (%55 of the occupied units). Satisfaction measurement is based on the five point Likert scale by using SPSS software based on the correlation of quantitative findings from Pearson correlation coefficient between independent variables such as income status and marital status. The results of the research are based on the correlation of quantitative findings detect that the level of satisfaction of Baharestan Mehr Housing residents with the residential environment is moderate (neutral) and the resident’s satisfaction level is 2.68 and it is moderate. The lowest level of resident’s satisfaction with the residential environment is related to the access and transportation standard and the highest level of satisfaction is related to the security criteria. The consequent disservice can be avoided to some extent by principled planning and implementation of evaluation during the design. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - An Analysis of Inter-Basin Water Transfer in Isfahan, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Provinces
Hamed Nasrazadani Hojat Mahkouii Amir Gandomkar Alireza AbasiWater is the most precious wealth available to mankind; Especially in the dry areas of the country, which covers a huge area of our country. At the national level, a large share of investments is spent on infrastructure and infrastructure and improving the management of MoreWater is the most precious wealth available to mankind; Especially in the dry areas of the country, which covers a huge area of our country. At the national level, a large share of investments is spent on infrastructure and infrastructure and improving the management of water resources and its transmission. These mentioned factors will show the importance of the water sector and economic and social security at the national level. One of the inter-basin water transfer projects that is being studied and implemented is the transfer of water from Beheshtabad to Zayandehroud. Beheshtabad project is the name used to transfer water from Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari provinces to Isfahan, Yazd and Kerman provinces. The purpose of this article is to analyze the situation of inter-basin water transfer in Isfahan, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari provinces, which has been collected using descriptive-analytical research method and using library resources and internet sites. The results of the findings show that most experts believe that the implementation of this plan has negative consequences on the provinces of origin in particular and on national security in general. Political activism, security challenges (ethnic conflicts), social, economic and environmental tensions resulting from not studying and incorrect feasibility of the plan are among the issues that make the justification of its implementation appear unjustified. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - The Socio-lyrical integration in Bahar`s Poetry
Roghayeh Rajabi Abdolnader Nazariyani Alireza MozaffariThe constitutional period is a distinct period in Iran’s history, in which all aspects of Iranians lives has transformed and as a result the verse and literature encountered a great change by the change in point of view of poets of this period in comparison to for MoreThe constitutional period is a distinct period in Iran’s history, in which all aspects of Iranians lives has transformed and as a result the verse and literature encountered a great change by the change in point of view of poets of this period in comparison to former poets. In this period everything even the poetry serve the society. The greatest poets of this period are those who were in the middle of the society and the social events and react them; So this periods verse is explicit, clear, and thought governed, however streaks of feeling is accessible in these works but they cannot be classified in lyric poetry but this doesn’t underestimate the emotional aspect and semi-lyrical language of these works. Sometimes, the Constitutional poets try to support their works emotional and logical sides simultaneously; therefor the social matters present with a semi-lyrical language that cause a kind of Socio- lyrical integration in their works; however it’s a slight integration. This kind of socio-lyrical integration is observable in Aref`s, Farrokhi`s, Eshghi`s, Bahar`s, etc poetry with an unequal severity and weakness, Mohammad Taghi Bahar`s poetry as an authority in Persian verse in this respect is worthy to consider and investigate; because in this period no other poet is familiar with Persian classic poetry and in other hand he is the most political poet of constitutional period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - A Comparative Study of the Types of Mystical Love from the Viewpoint of Ibn Arabi and Jami in Baharestan
Fatemeh Gasemian Pooran Yosefipoor Asieh Zabihnia EmranBaharestan Jami (817-898 AH) is a book of ethics and moral advice with simple prose mixed with peotry written in 892 AH. Jami has written this instructions and allegorical work in imitation of Saadi's Gulestan. The fourth vow of Jami’s Baharestan is about love and MoreBaharestan Jami (817-898 AH) is a book of ethics and moral advice with simple prose mixed with peotry written in 892 AH. Jami has written this instructions and allegorical work in imitation of Saadi's Gulestan. The fourth vow of Jami’s Baharestan is about love and lovers. Muhiuddin ibn Arabi (638-660 AH) is a great Andalusian mystic whose mysticism is based on love. Love is considered by Jami and Ibn Arabi to have many similarities. This paper is a descriptive-analytic and library research that aims to answer the question of what love is to Ibn al-Arabi and Jami. Based on the research findings, Jami seems to have been influenced by Ibn Arabi in explaining love, and both consider love to be innate and the basis of creation. For Ibn al-Arabi and Jami, the principle of mysticism, love, and unity of existence is that the centrality of the being and the truth of existence is the right of transcendence, and there is no other truth apart form that. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - Analysis of the Concept of Nihilism and Narcissism in Malek ol-Sho'Ara's Poetry of Bahar
Ayat ShokatiNarcissism has been known in all periods and in the literature of all nations, especially in the twentieth century, when the author's inner "I" forms the main part of the literary process. Narcissism or narcissism is not a sign of self-centeredness; Rather, it refers to MoreNarcissism has been known in all periods and in the literature of all nations, especially in the twentieth century, when the author's inner "I" forms the main part of the literary process. Narcissism or narcissism is not a sign of self-centeredness; Rather, it refers to the self-motivated state of mind and perception of a human being in which a person targets love instead of another. There are few poets in the poetry collection who have not shown pride and self-praise and various manifestations of this art. The present article tried to show examples of such a feeling in the poems of Malek al-Shoarai in a descriptive-analytical manner, after examining and analyzing the words narcissism and narcissism. The present study has led us to the fact that, despite the eleven different merits, it has made Bahar proud; But those boastings did not take away his humility and made him a humble, proud poet who, despite acknowledging his own arts and the emergence of my transcendent self, can find his own self and praise the arts of others. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - Drought Spatial Analysis using remote sensing technique (Case study: Maharlo Bakhtegan Basin)
Marzieh MogholiDrought is one of the most destructive climatic phenomena whose impact is more significant at the regional scale. The importance of drought in an area such as Maharloo Bakhtegan is more important due to the strategic conditions of the region, the extent of agricultural MoreDrought is one of the most destructive climatic phenomena whose impact is more significant at the regional scale. The importance of drought in an area such as Maharloo Bakhtegan is more important due to the strategic conditions of the region, the extent of agricultural lands and the existence of Maharloo and Bakhtegan lakes. The purpose of this study was to assess drought using remote sensing, spatial statistics, and GIS in the Maharloo-Bakhtegan basin. In this study, to evaluate the effect of drought on vegetation, Madis images were used to calculate the normalized vegetation index (NDVI) and then the changes in vegetation area were investigated. The results showed that the area of vegetation decreased in the studied years. Reasons for these changes can be attributed to reduced winter rainfall, land-use changes, increased off-season grazing, and bushes. The results indicate the drought in the region. Also to study drought in Maharloo-Bakhtegan basin, meteorological data for estimation of normalized precipitation index (SPI) and spatial statistical analysis, from 6 selected synoptic stations (Shiraz, Zarghan, Droodzan Dam, Eqlid, Neyriz, and Abadeh) used from 1999 to 2018. The results of the Moran index for drought showed that the values for different years have a positive coefficient and close to one during the statistical period, indicating that the SPI drought index data have a cluster pattern. The results of the Z standard score and P-value also confirmed the clustering of the spatial distribution of drought. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
129 - The effect of enclosure on carbon sequestration and soil physical and chemical properties in semi steppe rangelands of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province
mehdi moradi shahgharie pejman tahmasbiAbstract Earth Plant ecosystem offers different services, given the current conditions Earth and excessive pollution atmosphere, carbon sequestration to soil by plant communities is one of the most important services in long time. The present study was aimed to assess MoreAbstract Earth Plant ecosystem offers different services, given the current conditions Earth and excessive pollution atmosphere, carbon sequestration to soil by plant communities is one of the most important services in long time. The present study was aimed to assess the effect of exclosure on carbon sequestration and soil physical and chemical properties in rangelands Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province. In each region, seven homogenous sites (grazed and non-grazed) were selected in terms of environmental conditions and vegetation and soil sampling were achieved in the each site. The vegetation sampling was done in rangeland with the establishment of transects and install a four-square-meter plots. The soil samples were done to a depth of 30 cm in each plot at the each site. Aerial biomass and litter in each plot were collected and weighed. The results of analysis data showed that the amount aerial biomass, soil carbon, and total carbon sequestration in semi-steppe rangelands with dominated grasses respectively, with 1.9 t/ha, 51.75 t/ha, and 53.02 t/ha were significantly estimated more than semi steppe shrubland rangeland. The results also showed that the average total carbon sequestration and soil in both study areas in treatment exclosure had a significant difference in grazingland treatment Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemical and Antioxidant investigation of some of traditional high consumption plants for treatment of diabetes in the rural mountainous rangelands of Chaharbagh
Fariba Alsadat Hashem-Sirjani Bahareh Behmanesh Masoumeh Mazandarani Faramarz Rostami CharatiThe present research was done in Chaharbagh rangelands of Golestan province due to phytochemical investigation of the most important anti diabetic native medicinal plants. Nine medicinal plants used by local people for diabetes treatment were consisting of Nepeta pungen MoreThe present research was done in Chaharbagh rangelands of Golestan province due to phytochemical investigation of the most important anti diabetic native medicinal plants. Nine medicinal plants used by local people for diabetes treatment were consisting of Nepeta pungens L., Hypericum perforatum, Juniperus communis L., Artemisia annua L., Tanacetum parthenium, Urtica dioica L., Cichorium intybus L., Cuscuta reflexa L. and Perovskia abrotanoides Karel. After sampling plant parts containing Pharmaceutical ingredients consisting of aerial parts or root parts, they were cleaned and dried in the shade. Extraction of methanol was done. The amount of total phenol and flavonoids were measured with Spectrophotometry method and the level of antioxidant activity was measured with DPPH method. DCA ordination was done in order to studying relation between anti-diabetic medicinal plants and their quantity of effective ingredients. Results from phytochemical experiments showed that flowering part Hypericum perforatum, roots of Nepeta pungens L. and roots of Tanacetum parthenium with the amounts of 259.64, 231.246 and 223.47 mg GAE/g in plant dry matter had the most amount of total phenol. Artemisia annua L. leaves, flowering part of Nepeta pungens L. and roots of Urtica dioica L. with the amounts of 253.37, 237.89 and 216.43 mg QUE/g had the most flavonoids. The best antioxidant activity of the extracts with greatest DPPH inhibitory power was belonging to fruits of Juniperus communis L. aerial parts of Cuscuta reflexa L. and flowering parts of Perovskia‎ abrotanoides Karel. with amounts of 93.93, 81.58 and 72.24. The ordination analysis had the same results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - Evaluation of Ahar city's physical vulnerability against earthquake crisis
هوشنگ سرور امیر کاشانی اصلAlong with explosive growth of cities and complication of inner-city processes, the number of crisis and urban complication increases and as a consequence vulnerability increases too. Considering that the man is in the center of the vulnerability and encounter with cris MoreAlong with explosive growth of cities and complication of inner-city processes, the number of crisis and urban complication increases and as a consequence vulnerability increases too. Considering that the man is in the center of the vulnerability and encounter with crisis, and also urban spaces contain most of the population, noticing these spaces is of urgent importance. In this respect, making policies to reduce vulnerability of urban spaces against natural disasters, considering their accidental nature and the necessity of adopting right decisions and development of human knowledge and technology, analysis of vulnerable areas in cities are essential to present a vivid picture of consequences of disasters. The analysis and planning is the most effective and perhaps the best choice of management and urban planners to counter natural disasters, especially earthquakes. Thus, considering vulnerability of Ahar city because of its geographical position, the aim of the present study is to investigate and evaluate vulnerability of Ahar urban spaces in facing earthquake crisis. The study is applied and descriptive-analytic method was used. To measure the vulnerability of urban spaces against earthquake, 15 scales were used in three constructive, planning, and natural types. Having measured scale’s weight using multivariate analysis, the study tried to use AHP model . The results of the study showed that 30% of urban spaces made in Ahar city to counter earthquake, are increasingly vulnerable to it and they lack structural framework to manage earthquake crisis Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - Analysis of changes Using the method of Mann-Kendall (Case Study of Four townships of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province)
عباس معروف نژاد shahla ghasamiAlong with increasing population of cities, informal employment is considered to be an integral part of the economy of the cities, which is known as a source of subsistence for poor families of the each city. A considerable part of informal labor force consists of stree MoreAlong with increasing population of cities, informal employment is considered to be an integral part of the economy of the cities, which is known as a source of subsistence for poor families of the each city. A considerable part of informal labor force consists of street vendors throughout the world, working in public spaces of the cities. Most of them are women. In this study, women street vendors have been investigated as one of the aspects of informal businesses. It also aims to scrutinize the social-economical characteristics of women working in the informal sector in district two of Rasht, streets and places where they sell their products, and also their geographical origins. The method is survey with descriptive-analytical approach. Data collection tool is questionnaires and interviews. Data analysis findings are as follows: Most of studied woman are either illiterate or unlearned. Most of them live in rural areas of Rasht. Most of them are between 40 and 59. Most of them are the only financial supplier for their households. More than half of studied population sells vegetables and other sorts of perishable substances. Respectively the streets of Sardar-E-Jangal, Motahari, and Shariati are hosting the most women working as street vendors. Most of them are from villages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - Regionalization and evaluation of regional development in Chaharmahal Va Bakhtiari province by using and compairing the results of multiple attribute decision making models (TOPSIS, ELECTRE, VIKOR)
Zahra Sadat Saeideh Zarabadi Mohammad Reza Shami Seyed Ali Reza HoseyniNowadays, achievement to comprehensive development in settlements is concerns for regional planners and moving toward sustainable development is final goal for them. Since that social justice is basic concepts of sustainable development so in regional planning process, MoreNowadays, achievement to comprehensive development in settlements is concerns for regional planners and moving toward sustainable development is final goal for them. Since that social justice is basic concepts of sustainable development so in regional planning process, identifying of existing situation and getting environmental abilities and potentials of regions is very important. It is so clear that thorough study of economic, social, cultural issues and better understanding of community needs are basic for balanced development in geographical areas. Multiple attribute decision making (MADM) techniques are one of the effective methods for identifying and evaluating many alternatives based on some criteria with different degrees of importance so this is a High performance technique in order to evaluation of regional development and classification. This method include some technique which we have used three of them simultaneously in this article. They are TOPSIS, ELECTRE and VIKOR. By analyzing the quantitative indices in six categories economic, demographic, educational, cultural-religious, health and infrastructure criteria we have determined levels of development among counties in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari province. Using three techniques In addition to providing comparative study, we will have a high accuracy in regionalization. We can conclude the counties in this province are suited in various levels of development and those which are adjacent to Isfahan province are more developed. The order of developed counties is: Shahrekord, Lordegan, Borujen, Kiar, farsan, Kouhrang, Ardal. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
134 - Political, security and economic of space Planning and organizing in the region of Makran in order to provide a strategic model for regions of Iran; the case study of Chabahar
Ozair Baluch heidar lotfiThe main question of this article is that Planning and organizing political, security and economic space in the region of Makran what features and specifics should be which can be used as a model for all areas of the region, including Chabahar? The results of this artic MoreThe main question of this article is that Planning and organizing political, security and economic space in the region of Makran what features and specifics should be which can be used as a model for all areas of the region, including Chabahar? The results of this article show that the region has an exceptional position in terms of communication status. The coastal strip of the Chabahar district is on the same side with the coastal strip of Hormozgan and the north of the Persian Gulf, and on the other side of Pakistan's coastal strip and Karachi. This area is coming by the Sea of Oman, the Gulf of Aden and the Suez Canal, to the Mediterranean Sea and Europe, by the Indian Ocean to Africa and the Nose of Hope (and also the Mediterranean) as well as the Atlantic and the Americas. Also on national security, strategic position of Chabahar ahat on the one hand is due to its location at the entrance to the Oman Sea and Persian Gulf and, on the other hand, having oriental estuaries as well as its harbor because of its proximity to the Indian subcontinent and its natural ability to play the role of covering the Gulf ports in terms of controlling the Strait of Hormuz and its nobility on the southern shores of the Oman Sea, have given Possibility of strict control over the military lines in the Indian Ocean and the Strait of Bab Al-Hamad to the area. Due to the political situation in the region also, the border province of Sistan and Baluchistan, in terms of its neighbors with both Pakistan and Afghanistan and also on the margin of free waters of the Oman Sea has enjoyed strategically and politically sensitive. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
135 - Spatial Qualities Evaluation in New Towns Using (AHP) The Case Study of Baharestan New Town
Ayoub Iranshahi Hasan Delake Hossein Samare Mohsen DadkhahIn recent years, the population of metropolitans and large cities of Iran has had an increasing growth. This has caused irreparable damages to the economic, social, natural and ecologic infrastructure and foundations of those cities. Following the irregular population g MoreIn recent years, the population of metropolitans and large cities of Iran has had an increasing growth. This has caused irreparable damages to the economic, social, natural and ecologic infrastructure and foundations of those cities. Following the irregular population growth, new cities have been built to lower the population rate in metropolitans and to create employment opportunities. However, inattention to the qualities of urban spaces due to hasty construction and a rapid overflow of metropolitan population has created new cities favorable quality of urban and social life. Even in some cases the result has been deserted and with-no-identity cities Baharestan new town, located in the proximity of the ancient city of Isfahan, through its fitting natural potential and appropriate ecologic characteristic, can help considerably in reducing the population growth of Isfahan metropolitan and lowering economic and employment pressure on this city. The present study, after scrutinizing definitions and concepts of qualities of urban spaces and their relation and influence on other qualities presented by leading researchers of the field, came up with the most principal qualities effective in setting up new cities according to professors and experts’ opinions extracted using a questionnaire. Subsequently, using AHP method and Expert Choice software, this research assessed and measured the extracted principal qualities in the Baharestan new town. The results identified variability, efficiency, the sense of attachment, readability and vitality as principal qualities, all of which were at a relatively inappropriate condition and lower than average in Baharestan. The quality of variability was observed to be at a lower level than other qualities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - The Evaluation of Residential Satisfaction of the Residents of Manzariyeh versus the Residents of Khahare Imam in the City of Rasht
Pouyan Shahabian Samira saeidpour Milad PirayegarResidential satisfaction is one of the most important issues surrounding residential environment. Furthermore, due to the fact that this type of satisfaction is related to all parts of life, it can be considered as the highest level of life satisfaction. Hence, th MoreResidential satisfaction is one of the most important issues surrounding residential environment. Furthermore, due to the fact that this type of satisfaction is related to all parts of life, it can be considered as the highest level of life satisfaction. Hence, this paper has attempted to survey effective factors on residential satisfaction within two neighborhoods of the city of Rasht: KhahareEmam&Manzarieh (two different types of neighborhoods: traditional and modern) and compare the satisfaction of life in three levels: "neighborhoods, neighborhood unit and residential unit". In the theoretical literature of the paper as the main part, the concept of residential satisfaction, its assessment scale, the experts' opinions, etc are reviewed. The effective factors of residential satisfaction are resulted from experts' opinions and these criteria are compiled into a questionnaire which was filled out by local residents. Then the completed questionnaires were analyzed using Multiple Regression Analysis technique using SPSS software. So that qualitative criteria were converted to quantitative types. Finally, some strategies were selected according to the analysis and research findings to improve residential satisfaction. It should be noticed, however, that the guidelines and research findings are specifically for these two neighborhoods and according to Haryhans view, the effective factors of residential satisfaction in every neighborhood are relevant to the characteristics of its residents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
137 - Connection of the conquest of Hormoz and Kandahar with southern India in the Safavieh era
Alireza Ghasempoor Nobijari Mahmood Seyyed Seyyed Alireza VaseiDuring the Safavieh period, the changes and developments of the regional powers had a great impact on determining the extent of the relations between the Shiite governments of the south and the government. with a clever policy and peace with the Ottoman government of S MoreDuring the Safavieh period, the changes and developments of the regional powers had a great impact on determining the extent of the relations between the Shiite governments of the south and the government. with a clever policy and peace with the Ottoman government of Shah Abbas was able to overcome problems and at the same time peaceful relations with The Babrian government did not plan. The conquest of Constantinople in 857 AH brought about a great change in the field of international trade and the Turks gained full control over the eastern trade and the western states sought to find new ways and the Portuguese government considered the importance of the island of Hormuz as a strategic region for domination. They conquered the whole Persian Gulf and conquered the island of Hormuz and were able to be the absolute ruler of their possessions for more than a century, until during the reign of Shah Abbas in 1022, they succeeded in reclaiming the port of Gambron and dominating the coast. Shah Abbas tried to retake Kandahar peacefully, but Jahangir postponed the response to Shah Abbas's request to remove his preoccupation with Deccan, in which case Shah Abbas seized the opportunity to conquer Kandahar. The issue of Kandahar has always been an important and influential factor between the Deccan monarchs and the Safavieh government, and the Iranians sought to fulfill their claim to the region. Keywords: Hormoz Island, Kandahar, Safavieh, South India, Gambron Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - The Analysis of Social Welfare and Welfare Convergence in The Iran,s Provinces for Evalution of Iran,s Regional Development
Elham Vafaei Parviz mohammadzadeh hosein Asgharpour Firooz FallahiAbstract The purpose of this paper is to investigate social welfare and the convergence of social welfare of Iran,s provinces. For the purpose we use Nahar and Inder convergence during 2000-2013. The results indicate that Kermanshah, Kohkiloyeh and Boyerahmad and Mazan MoreAbstract The purpose of this paper is to investigate social welfare and the convergence of social welfare of Iran,s provinces. For the purpose we use Nahar and Inder convergence during 2000-2013. The results indicate that Kermanshah, Kohkiloyeh and Boyerahmad and Mazandaran areconvergence towards the average of welfare of the provinces and Also, West Azarbaijan, East Azarbaijan, Ardabil, Bushehr, Razavi Khorasan, North Khorasan, Semnan, Sistan and Baluchestan, Qom, Golestan, Lorestan and Hormozgan diverge from the average of welfare. Also, most of the Iran,s provinces have a lower welfare than the community average. Therefore, policymakers performance in this field are not suitable for balanced development of regions welfare. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
139 - Investigation of Convergence of Income Distribution in Iran`s Provinces
Sara Masoomzadeh mehdi shirafkan lamssu Mojtaba MohamadnejadiAbstract The present study is done to consider convergence in income distribution in Iranian provinces from 1996 to 2014 using convergence methods of Nahar and Inder and checking convergence of each province compared to the country's average Gini coefficient. The result MoreAbstract The present study is done to consider convergence in income distribution in Iranian provinces from 1996 to 2014 using convergence methods of Nahar and Inder and checking convergence of each province compared to the country's average Gini coefficient. The results show that convergence or divergence for Gini coefficient vary from province to province and in more than half of provinces there is no Gini coefficient convergence towards the average. Among the provinces that converge to average, Bushehr has the highest rate of convergence and Golestan province also has the lowest rate of convergence to the average Gini coefficient. In order to achieve the convergence of income distribution among the provinces of the country, politicians are recommended to put in place price adjustment and efficient use of capital on the agenda for divergent provinces. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - Investigating love and loving in local Bandari songs of Hormozgan
Sohrab Saedi Seyed Borzu JamalianzadeBasically, local songs are the language of moods and feelings of those people who have not been poets or scholars, but they have had taste of poetry and passion. These songs had been existed from the early human life and in fact, music, song, and poetry have been existe MoreBasically, local songs are the language of moods and feelings of those people who have not been poets or scholars, but they have had taste of poetry and passion. These songs had been existed from the early human life and in fact, music, song, and poetry have been existed for a long time and then have been implemented in various forms in Hormozgan, like anywhere else in the country. Investigation of songs, verses, led to recognition of community-based people as well as the tribal and local ones; people applied their innate and natural thoughts about facts and local happenings, events and ceremonies in those songs. And it has left a simple and local description from each one to be studied. This paper investigates the love terms in local songs of Hormozgan and thereby the qualities of love expression in its songs in Hormozgan which are being studied and will be identified as pure love of Hormozgan poets. In this way, the linguistic structure of the song is from everyday language and it also filled with irony, slogans, and slang expressions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
141 - A use of suffixes "ak" and "uk” in the region of Maharlu in Shiraz
akbar sayad kooh saeed khosroupoorPersian language is a synthetic language. In such a languages, derivative morphemes have a great role in building of word. In this paper, suffixes "ak" and "uk" are mentioned that is widespread in Shiraz Maharlu area, while find less presage of this use in the grammar b MorePersian language is a synthetic language. In such a languages, derivative morphemes have a great role in building of word. In this paper, suffixes "ak" and "uk" are mentioned that is widespread in Shiraz Maharlu area, while find less presage of this use in the grammar books. In this article we examine the two suffix and study grammatical aspect of some resulting words resulting and demonstrate that in addition to the functions mentioned in the grammar books, the suffix "ak" and "uk" have other functions that remain hidden from grammarian's view. In this regard, after noting many of the most commonly used word in the region, we explained how to make some of them and we've added some new grammatical class on it. In addition we have shown suffix "uk" that is no mention of it -unless rarely-in new grammar books, is very useful and dynamic in Shiraz Maharlu. And to better explain we show construction methods and instruction class. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
142 - Infrastructure and Its Role in Tourism Development (A Case Study of Makran Beaches)
sakine hedairyaminToday, tourism is the most important economic activity in the world on the one hand and the most important scientific issue on the other hand. Therefore, policies, strategies, and tourism planning are important intellectual challenges of the human community. The length MoreToday, tourism is the most important economic activity in the world on the one hand and the most important scientific issue on the other hand. Therefore, policies, strategies, and tourism planning are important intellectual challenges of the human community. The length of the Gulf of Oman in the southeast of Balochistan is wide. The present study is an applied research in terms of its purpose and descriptive-analytical based on the nature and method. Its sample size has been determined based on Cochran's formula of 384 people. The general results of the research confirm that the infrastructure and facilities in the study area have favorable growth only in small parts of the region while they have not been very desirable in other parts. Also, with 95% confidence it can be said that transportation, welfare and hospitality facilities, tourism infrastructure intermediary services, etc. have all significant effect on the development of tourism in Makran beaches. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
143 - Frequency of Listeria species contamination in raw meat of cattle collected from abattoirs and butcher shops of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiary Province
S. Siavash Saei-DehkordiThe contamination of foodstuffs with different bacteria such as Listeria spp, is important from the viewpoint of public health. Therefore, this study was conducted to check the presence and occurrence of Listeria species in cattle meats from abattoirs and butcher shops MoreThe contamination of foodstuffs with different bacteria such as Listeria spp, is important from the viewpoint of public health. Therefore, this study was conducted to check the presence and occurrence of Listeria species in cattle meats from abattoirs and butcher shops located in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiary province. Two hundred and fifty-five of meat samples were collected. The total prevalence of Listeria spp. was equal to 12.94%. The highest (16.4%) and the lowest (8%) prevalence of Listeria spp. was found in samples from Farrokhshar abattoir and Shahrekord butcher shops, respectively. Among the six species of Listeria, Listeria innocua was the most prevalent (7.4%) species; while Listeria seeligeri and Listeria ivanovii were the least prevalent (0.4%) species. The highest percentage of prevalence (6.7%) of Listeria monocytogenes was detected in meat samples from the Hafshejan butcher shops. In the current study, none of the samples was contaminated by Listeria welshimeri. Of the ten isolates of Listeria monocytogenes, the most prevalent (40%) serotypes were 1/2a and 4b. In addition, the prevalence of serotype 1/2b was 20%. The results indicated that, due to the presence of Listeria contamination, improvement of sanitation principles in abattoirs and butcher shops is a guarantee of public health safety. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
144 - The Expansion of Relations of Iran Southeastern Direction in Post-sanction Era with Emphasis on Chabahar Port
Morad Kavianirad hassan saadatiAbstract: "Realm" is the most important term in political geography or geopolitics and its meaning and function is subject to time and spatial requirement within economic, political, military, cultural and technological variables. Since the disintegration of the Soviet MoreAbstract: "Realm" is the most important term in political geography or geopolitics and its meaning and function is subject to time and spatial requirement within economic, political, military, cultural and technological variables. Since the disintegration of the Soviet Union the geopolitical aspect of relations has given its place to geo-economic aspect. This means the economic function of places have given geopolitical weight. The question raised by the article is the "How will be the expansion of sphere of relations of south east region of Iran in world economic relations in post sanction era?" The underlying hypothesis is that south east of Iran, particularly the Chabahar port has the potential for transit and economic zone and if it is paid attention to in the form of investment and augmentation of its infrastructure it can have a special place for trade and business in global scale. This can be seen from the attention which regional and global powers have paid to it in spite of the existence of some sanction from before. The methodology used in the paper is descriptive-analytical by relying on library sources. The finding of the study shows that the increasing needs of India and China for energy and markets with their dynamic economies demand their presence in economically strategic places of the world and in this regard Chabahar port has an important place in geo-economic and geopolitical relations. This has brought a competition between India and China for their presence which the visit of several diplomatic and business delegations shows their seriousness. Their objectives are to invest and exploit the potentials of transit of energy sources, transit to Afghanistan and search for market. The trend shows a better place for Chabahar in future. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
145 - Survey of Narrative Elements in 'Chahar Chaman" Poem
Nima Ramezani Ahmad Ghanipour malekshah Bahije sadat TeimuriMany of the great Persian poems have powerful narrative structure and they transfer ideas and concepts from the language of different real or symbolic characters. One poem that is categorized in this field is Chahar Chaman, a poem by Shahdaie Shirzi. This article MoreMany of the great Persian poems have powerful narrative structure and they transfer ideas and concepts from the language of different real or symbolic characters. One poem that is categorized in this field is Chahar Chaman, a poem by Shahdaie Shirzi. This article aims at answering the question that what kind of belief and thought are each of the symbolic characters going to present? And how does Shahdaie exploit narrative elements for the progress of meta-thoughts? This article, which is the opening-way in recognizing Chahar Chaman poem, investigates the narrative structure of this unknown poem by analyzing its character, point of view, and scenery, and tries to survey the reason of utilizing plants and flowers in relation to its subject. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
146 - The role of coronavirus on the creative destruction of tourism.Case study: Chabahar city
shahbakhsh raeisi Maliehe zakerian safoora Abkhesht Sima Firouzi Rad afsaneh poorianIn recent years, the global economy has witnessed a very significant growth of the tourism industry. However, this growth and dynamism was severely disrupted by the global outbreak of coronary heart disease. The aim of the present study is the role of corona virus in th MoreIn recent years, the global economy has witnessed a very significant growth of the tourism industry. However, this growth and dynamism was severely disrupted by the global outbreak of coronary heart disease. The aim of the present study is the role of corona virus in the creative destruction of tourism in Chabahar. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of research method. The method of data collection is documentary and field (questionnaire). The statistical population is the citizens of Chabahar. The sample selected using Cochran's method is 351 people. In data analysis, depending on the scale of variables and objectives, the mean, one-sample t-test and structural equation modeling (SEM) in SPSS and Amos software environment have been used. According to the results of T-test, the situation of the mentioned dimensions in Chabahar city is higher than the normal average level. Also, the role of corona virus on the creative destruction of tourism in the city of Chabahar was studied by modeling structural equations in Amos software. Based on the results, anxiety caused by Corona virus had a direct and significant effect on the creative destruction of tourism (P = 0.0001, β = 0.88) in Chabahar. Also, the amount and direction of investment (P = 0.036, β = 0.13) has a direct and significant effect on the creative destruction of tourism in the city of Chabahar. The highest factor load is related to the index of satisfaction with the presence of tourists from the variable of people's attitude towards tourism (0.9) and then the indicators of fear of coronavirus and concern about the transmission of the virus to others from the variable of coronary anxiety, respectively. Factor loads were 0.89 and 0.88, respectively Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
147 - Review and Prioritization of Urban Areas with Emphasis on the Impact of Free Trade- Industrial Zones on the Development of Social Indicators (Case Study: Chabahar City)
Abdolmajid Mihankhah masomeh rezazadeh mahmoodreza anvariAbstractToday, continuous measurement and evaluation of changes and social consequences resulting from the activities of free industrial and commercial zones in the surrounding population centers, especially in developing countries, is an unavoidable necessity in reduci MoreAbstractToday, continuous measurement and evaluation of changes and social consequences resulting from the activities of free industrial and commercial zones in the surrounding population centers, especially in developing countries, is an unavoidable necessity in reducing negative social consequences as obstacles in realizing social stability and The security of these activities. Therefore, the purpose of the current research is to evaluate the effects of commercial-industrial free zones on the development of social indicators (welfare and security) in Chabahar city. The current research is an applied research according to its purpose, a descriptive and non-experimental research according to the method of data collection, and finally, according to the method of execution, it is a survey type. In order to conduct this research, two documentary and field methods have been used to prepare information and analyze and integrate them. The data collection tool of this research is a questionnaire (made by the researcher). The dimensions and indicators examined in this research include two dimensions of security and social welfare and 13 indicators. The statistical population of this research includes the residents of the four districts of Chabahar city (106,739 people), the sample size was calculated using Cochran's formula and the number of (382) people was determined with an error of (0.05). SPSS software was used to analyze the data. The results of Spearman's correlation test showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the variable (commercial-industrial free zone) and dimensions (social welfare and social security) at the 99% confidence level. The results of the regression analysis showed in a step-by-step manner that 95% of the changes in the dependent variable (social welfare and social security) are explained by the independent variable (commercial-industrial free zone). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
148 - “Moral Advices of Rulers in Bahar’s Poems”
Seyed Ahmad Hosseini Kazerooni GHOLAMHOSSEIN MollaeiFor Iranians, Poetry is so important that most of rulers have used poetry as a tool for their aims. However, at the start of parliamentary movement, the poets’ view towards rulers and social issues changed. Malek Al Shooaraye Bahar is the most prominent literal &n MoreFor Iranians, Poetry is so important that most of rulers have used poetry as a tool for their aims. However, at the start of parliamentary movement, the poets’ view towards rulers and social issues changed. Malek Al Shooaraye Bahar is the most prominent literal – Political figure and the best example of this evolution- His poem is brimful of moral and didactic tips such as justice, Forgiveness, devotion and so on which has been written to awaken rulers from ignorance. These teaching advices cover the various aspects of governorship due to their variety. This poet has focused on justice based on Islamic culture. He introduced it as prosperity of the two worlds. While spiritual values and human perfection are not obtained in tyranny, we must seek the Bahar’s didactic advices in Islamic teaching as well as in the history of ancient Iran which is accompanied by his insight, sympathy, bravery and art. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
149 - Analysis of the Effects of Chabahar Free Industrial Trade Zone on the Economic and Physical Dimensions of Chabahar County
esmail rahmani zohre hadianiNowadays, the free zones have been considered as a pervasive phenomenon and a tool for the realization of outward oriented development strategies with emphasis on export promotion policy. So that, most developing countries have attempted to build one or more free zones. MoreNowadays, the free zones have been considered as a pervasive phenomenon and a tool for the realization of outward oriented development strategies with emphasis on export promotion policy. So that, most developing countries have attempted to build one or more free zones. The goals of creating these areas are providing suitable conditions to increase production and export of industrial goods through foreign investment, creating jobs, earning foreign exchange, growth in economic welfare of areas and preserving national interests. This study aimed to analyze the effects of Chabaharfree industrial trade zone on the physical and economic development of Chabahar city. The research method is descriptive-analytic. Data collection was carried out in documentary and field ways. The participants of the research are the citizens of Chabahar city and the sample size is 321 households reached through Cochrane method. The validity of the research (questionnaire) was confirmed by using the experts' point of view, and its reliability was confirmed through Cronbach's alpha coefficient equal to 0.97. At the first step, questionnaire data analysis were conducted in SPSS software by using T test of two dependent samples and Friedman test. The results showed that Chabahar citizens' views on the Likert scale compared to the physical and economic of Chabahar city before and after creating Chabahar free industrial trade zone has improved with the average of 2.4 to 3.8 in physical expansion, from 2.04 to 3.01in urban services, from 1.9 to 3.2 in employment and income. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
150 - Selection of Nomadic Tourism Sites (Case Study: Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province)
Pejman RezaeeHigh tourism abilities in nomadic areas is very essential for development of this country. in this regard, the location of suitable tourism spaces plays an important role in other stages of nomadic tourism planning. the goal of this article is select the best places for MoreHigh tourism abilities in nomadic areas is very essential for development of this country. in this regard, the location of suitable tourism spaces plays an important role in other stages of nomadic tourism planning. the goal of this article is select the best places for nomad tourism in Charmahal and Bakhtiaree province with use of AHP, Topsis model and GIS. the method of this research is descriptive and analytical and the type of research is functional. to locate the spaces, use some layers such as access to Ilrah, distance to the nomadic settlements, distance to the tourist attractions of the province, access to water, electricity, road network and etc. according to classification 10 sites select in province and these sits include: Chelgerd (0.816 score), Shalil ( 0.630 score) , Barz (0.541 score), Gale madrese ( 0.478 score), Samsami (0.426 score) , Shikh alikhan (0.423 score), Maze sokhte (0.420 score), Hiregan (0.381 score), kori chahar bonicheh (0.374 score) and Sharmak (0.266 score). Based on this prioritization other stages of the development of tribal tourism development in this province can be based on the equipment and planning of these sites. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
151 - Assessment of Ecological Competence of urbun Expansion through ANP and Fuzzy logic methods in GIS (Case Study: Baharestan new town (Esfahan))
Anvar Amanolapour Hossein Nazmfar Atta Ghaffari GilandehThe reciprocal effect of sustainable and unsustainable ecological resources is considered in the course of assessment of ecological capacity. These resources have reciprocal effects to each other and environment as specifications of each micro ecosystem. So, it is oblig MoreThe reciprocal effect of sustainable and unsustainable ecological resources is considered in the course of assessment of ecological capacity. These resources have reciprocal effects to each other and environment as specifications of each micro ecosystem. So, it is obligatory to utilize nature as it less harms environment and at the same time it benefits human more. Therefore, the main objective of this research, to assess the ecological capacity for surface expansion of town based on principles of reclamation of land, Baharestan new town in Esfahan Province was studied through geographical information system (GIS). At first, the basic studies were done and the theme maps of the area were prepared and then numerated. Digital Elevation Model (DEM) was produced in Arc gis 10.2 using topographic map. Then, the ecological resources Urban development map were produced by overlying the maps of elevation, slope, aspect, soil types, soil texture, soil depth, vegetation cover, geology, landuse, climate and distance to fault with ANP and Fuzzy logic methods in Arcgis 10.2. According to the obtained results, the total development zone with an area of 3264/068 hectares located in the south-east and north baharstan which make these areas and the lack of consideration in connection with the provision of suitable land areas that do not improve performance, 2800/717 hectare area around the planned future development of the city is considered Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
152 - Analysis of climatic conditions for sustainable development of urban tourism (Case study: Chabahar port city, Iran)
Azadeh Arbabi SabzvariThis study has been compiled with the aim of evaluating and measuring climatic conditions and factors in tourism processes with emphasis on tourist satisfaction, along with climate data and tourism climate indicators, to evaluate the results of these indicators, due to MoreThis study has been compiled with the aim of evaluating and measuring climatic conditions and factors in tourism processes with emphasis on tourist satisfaction, along with climate data and tourism climate indicators, to evaluate the results of these indicators, due to natural and human differences between destinations. Tourism and special characteristics of tourists, changes in the process of assessing the climate for tourists, apply and provide new results. For this purpose, Bandar Chabahar city in Iran was selected as a case study for this evaluation. Chabahar port is considered by domestic and international tourists due to its important political, economic and tourism situation and special climatic conditions. To achieve this goal, the Comfort Climate or Tourism Climate Indicators TCI, PMV and CIT were selected for combined evaluation over a period of 30 years (1985-2014). The results showed that according to the CIT index, all months and periods of time in a day and night in the port of Chabahar, is desirable or acceptable for tourists, which was a little far from reality. In assessing the climatic conditions, this study By applying minor changes in the CIT index and combining the results of the PMV index with the level of tourists' satisfaction with different thermal sensation conditions, different results were achieved, which showed the greater impact of field data on expert opinions. Due to the different attitudes of tourists towards the residents of destinations and their desire to gain specific tourism experiences, the desirability of the climate for tourists may Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
153 - Effective Factors on Rural Peoples Satisfaction for Spatial Replacement (Case Study: Chaaharmahal Village)
شهاب نوبخت حقیقی محمد باسط قریشی مینآبادThis study concerns determining effective factors on rural people's satisfaction for spatial resettlement in Chaaharmahal village. Moreover; this investigation has been conducted in chaaharmahal village located in khorgam district of roudbaar County. Additionally, this MoreThis study concerns determining effective factors on rural people's satisfaction for spatial resettlement in Chaaharmahal village. Moreover; this investigation has been conducted in chaaharmahal village located in khorgam district of roudbaar County. Additionally, this survey follows descriptive and analytic method. Also, Research instrument of this study comprises a questionnaire for statistical population consisted of 720 chaaharmahal village families. Sampling has been determined by Kochran as 251 people. The variables have been tested by Cramer's v because of non – parametric nature of the data. As a result; Most of the subjects were satisfied with the resettlements while previsions studies were all emphasizing on unsatisfied subjects with resettlement and rural merging. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
154 - The relationship between transactional leadership model of organizational commitment Town Development Corporation Baharestan
سیدعلی سیادت افسانه یاریانThis study examines the relationship between transactional leadership model of organizational commitment was Baharestan Town Development Corporation. The research method was descriptive and correlational study population consisted of all civil employees of the Parliamen MoreThis study examines the relationship between transactional leadership model of organizational commitment was Baharestan Town Development Corporation. The research method was descriptive and correlational study population consisted of all civil employees of the Parliament in 1394 that number was 136. The sample size based on the Krjys and Morgan (1970) of 101 patients was achieved. A stratified random sampling method to select employees with the population were used. Measuring tools included transactional leadership questionnaire with 15 items Bass (1985) (MLQ), and organizational commitment questionnaire of 24 questions Meyer and Allen (1990). In order to analyze inferential statistics, regression analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used. Based on the results observed in the 05/0 r a significant positive correlation between transactional leadership model with dimensions of organizational commitment showed BAHARESTAN Town Development Corporation. Significant differences between the views of employees about the company's transactional model of leadership development based on working experience. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
155 - ;;
Toyin Ajibade Jubril Animashaun -
Open Access Article
156 - Reconstruction of subsurface layers of sediments in the estuaries Parak and Shoor by using ground-penetrating radar
Mohyeddin Ahrari-Roudi -
Open Access Article
157 - Evaluation of stability and Marine Hazards Coastal zoning in southern province of Sistan and Baluchistan using GIS
Mohyeddin Ahrari-Roudi -
Open Access Article
158 - Improvement in GIS-based DRASTIC model using statistical methods and analytical hierarchy process, case study: Hamedan-Bahar plain, west of Iran
علی اکبر متکان Hamidreza Naseri Zohreh Ostadhashemi -
Open Access Article
159 - Microfacies and sedimentary environments of Gurpi and Pabdeh Formations and the type of Mesozoic– Cenozoic boundary in Fars province, Iran
Mohammad Bahrami Mahnaz Parvanehnezhad Shirazi -
Open Access Article
160 - Improved Physical and spatial pattern in informal settlements in Chabahar and distribution of the pattern by Grasshopper Software
alireza nazarnia Leila Zare fariborz dolatabadiMarginalization in cities as the rapid growth of immigration from villages into cities has caused a serious problem in urban and architecture urban. However, the immigrants do not remain uninvolved so initiate their own architecture based on their local knowledge and ex MoreMarginalization in cities as the rapid growth of immigration from villages into cities has caused a serious problem in urban and architecture urban. However, the immigrants do not remain uninvolved so initiate their own architecture based on their local knowledge and experience. Solutions like slums and informal or illegal settlements are some examples. The main question is through what physical and spatial method must solve the problem. Does it make sense to Collapse the shelters which resulted in unvolunteered resettlements? In what depth and width, the architectural interventions should be developed in order to result in an optimum result for residents? This paper in the first step tries to consider a deeper study of the existing architecture of informal settlements in Chabahar; then, submit a physical pattern based on the occupancy culture among the target residents. The research method is through infield studies and architectural surveys in Chabahar informal settlements. Finally, the design is organized and distributed by use of a grasshopper plugin on land. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
161 - An Introduction to Morteza Motahari''''s Political Thought
Khosrow Qobadi -
Open Access Article
162 - Political Discourse in the Poems by Constitutionalism Era’s Poets (Case Studies: Adib Al-Mamalek Farahani and Malek Al-Sho’ara’a Bahar)
Yaghoub Pazandeh Miari Masoud Mahdian Maliheh MahdaviPolitical poetry underwent considerable changes in both the format and the theme after the onset of the constitutionalism movement. While poetry and being a poet were commodities belonging to the educated persons until before constitutionalism. They made a lot of effort MorePolitical poetry underwent considerable changes in both the format and the theme after the onset of the constitutionalism movement. While poetry and being a poet were commodities belonging to the educated persons until before constitutionalism. They made a lot of efforts in this period to get close to the language of the alleys and streets. In this era, political poetry seeks to express the people’s concerns and it becomes sublime with poets becoming the people’s tongue against superstition and despotism. Both prose and poetry experience subtle changes in this period. To be more exact, the constitutionalism’s literature is formed and enlivened in the course of the battle with the old literature and, due to the same reason, it is novel and it violates the tradition in terms of both form and content. The constitutionalist thinkers insist on pulling words out of the magnificent aristocratic palaces and making them serve the people of alleys and bazars. The goals of the poems in this period are awakening the people and inciting the national and patriotic feelings and promoting the individual and social freedoms and denial of the superstitions and loose and improper thoughts, fighting with the foreigners and westernism, harshly and mercilessly criticizing the disorders and familiarizing the people with their human limits and rights. It was with the constitutionalism’s revolution that the newspapers along with the preaching, discussion and lecture sessions became the primary medium for the conversations and expressing of the revolutionary notions and opinions, and a “public arena” that had been never seen before came about. More importantly, insolence, insult, and frivolity lost their private, fanciful, and exceptional aspects and became completely political and one of the most important and most effective means of the political fight. Such a thing was unprecedented in the political and literary history of the country. Two essential dimensions are seen in the constitutionalism’s literature: one is the criticizing of the past literature and the other is the positing of a novel literature. Zain Al-Abedin Maraghe’ei has the following words in this regard: “these days are not the time in which the masters of pen and thoughts spend their time on simple things, chimerical myths and senseless nonsense like their antecedents for nothing but fiction would result thereof. The present article tries introducing the prominent political figures of the constitutionalism era Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
163 - Investigating the nature, position, divisions and types of wisdom in the thought of Professor Motahari
Mohsen Hakemi Enshallah Rahmati azizollah afsharkermaniPhilosophers and thinkers have investigated the nature of wisdom and its divisions and branches in different eras. In Greek philosophy, Aristotle's division about wisdom attracted the attention of Muslim philosophers, and Muslims reread wisdom in the same way in the Mas MorePhilosophers and thinkers have investigated the nature of wisdom and its divisions and branches in different eras. In Greek philosophy, Aristotle's division about wisdom attracted the attention of Muslim philosophers, and Muslims reread wisdom in the same way in the Mashai, Ishraqi, and Sadra periods. Professor Motahari, as an Islamic thinker, has also entered into the subject of wisdom, its definition, divisions and functions. He considers the power of reason to have two cognitive and executive dimensions, and he considers theoretical wisdom to be the speaker of "beings" and the knowledge of things as they are, and practical wisdom to be at the top of the "musts" that determine the direction of individual and social life. , introduces. In the theory of "theoretical wisdom of Islam", he considers wisdom to have an anthropological and human-building function, both of which are the growth of man in different theoretical and practical dimensions, and finally, one of them has the property of a lamp and illuminates the path, And the other has the key and the opener of affairs. Also, by entering the field of theology and from the perspective of theology, he considers and defines being wise and wise in the same direction Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
164 - Analyzing the authenticity, honor and dignity of reason in the epistemological geometry of Professor Motahari based on the text
Mohsen Hakemi ensha Allah Rahmati Aziz Allah Afshar KermaniThe discussion of the place of reason in divine and human knowledge is one of the most challenging topics in the scientific circles of religious scholars, religious philosophers, and especially among the followers of religions. The role of intellect in acquiring knowled MoreThe discussion of the place of reason in divine and human knowledge is one of the most challenging topics in the scientific circles of religious scholars, religious philosophers, and especially among the followers of religions. The role of intellect in acquiring knowledge has led to the creation of different sects and schools and thoughts. What is intended in this research is to evaluate the place of reason and its value in the Holy Quran. Does the Qur'an believe in the limitless validity of reason? Or does the Qur'an consider reason as a wooden foot and forbids it not only from entering into religious issues but also from thinking about human issues and problems? Is reason the only tool in understanding religion or is it a reliable source? In the Islamic world, three answers have been given to the above questions in the form of Etzali, Ash'ari, and Shia schools, which have respectively led to the appearanceists (Ahlul Hadith in Ahl al-Sunni and Shia Akhbarists), the Etzali-oriented intellect, and the Shiite-oriented intellect. The degrees of Christianity have also led to the emergence of extreme faith-based thinking and moderate faith-based thinking, and moderate (critical) rationalism and maximum rationalism. In this research, in order to find well-reasoned answers to these questions and to extract the opinions of the Quran, the opinions of the thinker Motahari Muslimi have been referred to. Motahari's opinion, arising from the Quranic point of view about intellect, is that intellect has a high position and can be referred to as pure intellect; that there is no prohibition in the Qur'an for the use of intellect, but intellect is considered as evidence and evidence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
165 - The Effect of Cold and Warm Seasons on Accumulation of Nickel, Cadmium and Lead in Muscle of Acanthopagrus latus and Platycephalus indicus from Oman Sea (Chabahar)
E. Shahri M. VelayatzadehThis study was done in order to determine the concentration of heavy metals Nickle, Cadmium and Lead in the muscle of Acanthopagrus latus and Platycephalus indicus from Oman Sea (Chabahar Bay) in spring, summer and fall of 2013. In this study 48 samples of fishes were o MoreThis study was done in order to determine the concentration of heavy metals Nickle, Cadmium and Lead in the muscle of Acanthopagrus latus and Platycephalus indicus from Oman Sea (Chabahar Bay) in spring, summer and fall of 2013. In this study 48 samples of fishes were obtained from coastal and marine regions of Oman Sea (Chabahar Bay). Metals were extracted from the tissues using wet digestion method and concentration of heavy metals were measured by Younglin AAS8020 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The highest concentration of Cd, Pb and Ni were found in the muscle of Platycephalus indicus which were 0.052±0.02, 0.047±0.02 and 1.768±0.96 mg kg-1. The lowest concentration of Cd, Pb and Ni were obtained in the muscle of Acanthopagrus latus which were 0.019±0.01, 0.010±0.01 and 0.466±0.02 mg kg-1. Concentration of Cd, Pb and Ni in the two fishes from coastal zone was higher than marine area. Concentration of heavy metals in the muscle of Acanthopagrus latus and Platycephalus indicus in summer was higher than spring and fall. Concentration of Ni in the two fishes was higher than Cd and Pb. Concentration of Cd and Pb in the muscle of Platycephalus indicus from coastal and marine zone in spring, summer and fall was higher than Acanthopagrus latus, but concentration of Ni in the muscle of Acanthopagrus latus was higher than Platycephalus indicus. Concentration of Cd and Pb was lower in comparison with levels recommended by FAO, WHO, UKMAFF, NHMRC and FDA, but concentration of Ni was higher in comparison with international standards. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
166 - An investigation on some ecological aspects of the rock lobster, Panulirus homarus in Ramin area, south east of Iran
N. Mashaii F. Rajabipour A. Shakouri Sh. KhoddamiThe rock lobster, Panulirus homarus Linnaeus, 1758 is an important fisheries product of south east waters of Iran. Lobster resources have decreased in recent years due to high fishing. So, stock enhancement activities based on ecological characteristics of the lobster h MoreThe rock lobster, Panulirus homarus Linnaeus, 1758 is an important fisheries product of south east waters of Iran. Lobster resources have decreased in recent years due to high fishing. So, stock enhancement activities based on ecological characteristics of the lobster habitats must be considered. Water and sediment samples of the lobster habitats in Ramin, at south of Chahbahar Bay were collected monthly from January to December 2000, by diving. Yearly mean water temperature was 25.56 ±2.8°C with maximum and minimum amounts in May and February, respectively. Yearly means of water salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH and turbidity were 38.77± 1.71 g/lit, 6.07 ±1.12mg/lit, 8.22 ±0.17 and 3.03 ±2.98, respectively. Yearly frequency of macrobenthos was 133 individuals/m2. Maximum and minimum frequencies of macrobenthos were observed in May and November respectively. Dominant groups of macrobentos were cephalochordata, polychaeta, nematoda, ostracoda, gastropoda, bivalves and amphipoda. Yearly mean weight and carapace length of the collected lobsters were 370.68 ±13.06 g and 71.36 ±15.85 cm, respectively. Increasing water temperature correlated significantly with macrobenthos frequency (p Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
167 - Comparison survey of growth and survival rate of White leg shrimp in monoculture and polyculture system with Mullet in Gowatr earth pond- Chabahar, Iran
S.H. Hosseini Aghozbeni M. Hafezieh A. Ajdehakoshpour M.R. AziniThis investigation was conducted to survey the growth and survival rate, weight average, FCR, and harvestable white leg shrimp biomass during 107 days culture in mono and poly culture earth pond system with mullet fish. Nine 600 m2 earth ponds were prepared and st MoreThis investigation was conducted to survey the growth and survival rate, weight average, FCR, and harvestable white leg shrimp biomass during 107 days culture in mono and poly culture earth pond system with mullet fish. Nine 600 m2 earth ponds were prepared and stocked with 20 shrimp post larvae in each pond (mean weight 0.007 ±0.001 g) for three treatments (each with three replication). After 40 days, the mullet fish fingerlings collected from the Oman Sea (with mean weight 35 g) released to earth ponds with a density of zero (T1 as control), 2 (T2), 4 (T2) per 100m2. During the culture period, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH and salinity were measured. One way ANOVA results showed that there were significant differences between growth rate, shrimp biomass, FCR and abiotic parameters (P<0.05), but not for survival rate (P>0.05). The highest shrimp biomass was harvested from T3 (with 212 kg and a mean weight of 18.4 g individual shrimp) and the lowest (with 187 kg with a mean weight of 16.23 g individual shrimp) was from T1. However, there were no statistically significant difference in survivorship between treatments, but the highest survival percentage was observed in T3 (95.96%) and the lowest in T2 (94.5%). Duncan's test in FCR average showed no significance difference between T1 (the lowest FCR, 1.2 ±0.1) and T2 (P>0.05), but there was a significant difference between these two treatments and T3 (the highest FCR, 1.27 ±0.2) (P<0.05). The conclusion expressed that polyculture of white leg shrimp and mullet fingerlings in earth pond not only performed more shrimp production compare to mono shrimp culture system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
168 - Identification and community structure of macro-benthose in Gahar Lake (Lorestan Province)
R. Mousavi Nadushan M.R. Fatemi N. HasaniLake Gahar is located in southwest of Iran, in East Lorestan province and at 2350m above sea level. There is little information and few studies on limnology of this lake . This tectonic lake is known to have a unique macro- invertebrate fauna. In order to perform a comp MoreLake Gahar is located in southwest of Iran, in East Lorestan province and at 2350m above sea level. There is little information and few studies on limnology of this lake . This tectonic lake is known to have a unique macro- invertebrate fauna. In order to perform a complete research on the zoo-benthic community of the lake, the present study was conducted during a period of seven months from April 2011 to December 2011 with the exception of 5 months during very cold seasons when the lake was covered by ice. The benthic assemblage was sampled monthly from 3 sites in profundal zone. In total 6 genera and species and 5 families were found from which 1 species is unique in Iran. In this research, the dominant species of the lake are Quistadrilus multisetasus , Stylodrilus herngianusof class Oligochaets and Pisidium casertanum of class Bivalvia. Their abundance percentage determined in respect of total distribution were %69, %13 and %6, respectively. The maximum abundance of total population of macro- benthos in Gahar lake was 11617.78±4910.379 individual per square meter in May and the minimum was 1436.32±671/87 individual per square meter in April. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
169 - Assessment of Gahar Lake Trophic Status using TLI Index
M. Ghiyas Abadi R. Mousavi Nadushan M.R. Fatemi A. JoziGahar Lake is an unique high-mountain lake, "Paternoster" form with glacial origin. There isn’t any research on the ecology of the lake, so in order to assess trophic status of small and great Gahar lake for the first time using TLI, the present study was conducte MoreGahar Lake is an unique high-mountain lake, "Paternoster" form with glacial origin. There isn’t any research on the ecology of the lake, so in order to assess trophic status of small and great Gahar lake for the first time using TLI, the present study was conducted during a period of 1 year (except 3 months of ice period) from May 1389 to May 1390. Trophical parameters, Secchi depth (SD, transparency), chlorophyll a concentration and nutrients including Total Nitrates (TN) and Total Phosphorus (TP) was sampled monthly and zooplankton assemblage was measured. For statistical analysis of data in this study, we used the SPSS and Excel softwares. Based on the study of small Gahar lake, mean concentration of chlorophyll was 2.96µg.l-1, TN 801µg.l-1 and TP 25.3µg.l-1. In great Gahar lake, mean concentration of chlorophyll was 1.6µg.l-1, TN 976.5µg.l-1, TP 24.2µg.l-1 and mean value of secchi depth was 6.8m. According to TLI, the great Gahar Lake belongs to status of Mesotrophic level and the small Gahar Lake to Eutrophic level of the trophic scale. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
170 - Assessment of Coastal Residential Structure Stability against Tsunami Waves
Afshin Mohseni Arasteh K. Lari N. Hashemi PourThis research, is based on the analysis of field data as well as existing models of hypothetical tsunamis caused by the Makran fault under different scenarios, introduced forces on coastal residential structures, taking into account the depth of penetration and altitude MoreThis research, is based on the analysis of field data as well as existing models of hypothetical tsunamis caused by the Makran fault under different scenarios, introduced forces on coastal residential structures, taking into account the depth of penetration and altitude of the tsunami flood in the Chabahar area. Also, considering the land cover of the area, the stability of the residential structure of the sample was examined with the frame of a floor using the SAP2000 software. Since a structure is exerted against linear forces from the forces flowing from a tsunami, a nonlinear static analysis was used. In this study, existing residential buildings in the region were examined in such a way that the possible advance of the expected tsunami was anticipated to propose the most secure structures. Also, the probable flooding of Chabahar, the largest population center and coastal facility in the north of the Oman Sea, was assessed which was based on the simulation and numerical modeling of pre-assumed tsunami in the area. The results indicated that, in the case of a single-story structure, according to the thesample, up to a displacement of 0.6 cm for a base cut, about 55 tons behaves almost linearly. The structure moves into the destruction area after moving 1.55 cm. In a building with a two-story frame, the absence of walls resistant to hydrodynamic forces and the wave fracture force will be much less because the width of the column in front of the flow is much smaller than the width of the wall, which is equal to the total width of the frame. That is why the amount of these forces is greatly reduced. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
171 - Comparison of the intellectual style of the Chaharchaman and Manteq al-Tair
Behzad Zaker getabi Sepideh Sepehri Elahe HajiehaThe subject of the influence of the past literature is certain and definite in each period and is not assigned to a specific or definite period. Every poet has an opinion on the works of the past, both in terms of the choice of words and phrases and in terms of the qual MoreThe subject of the influence of the past literature is certain and definite in each period and is not assigned to a specific or definite period. Every poet has an opinion on the works of the past, both in terms of the choice of words and phrases and in terms of the quality of their use in compositions, and especially in terms of content and theme. Among these poems, "Chaharchaman" is a symbolic and allegorical work Shahdaie, mystic and poet of the ninth century, which is influenced by Mantegh-al-tair; That is, the main theme of both systems is the search for the god or his understanding of how. In Chaharchaman, the main character of the story called "Shogh" sits alone with sixteen flowers and four birds and exchanges his questions with each of them. Hence, the themes, interpretations and structure of this work are very similar to Mantegh-al-tair. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical and the findings of the research show that many mystical concepts used in Mantegh-al-tair, such as unity of existence, wonder, veil, pain, etc have been repeated in Chaharchaman. Many characters in Chaharchaman and Manteq al-Tair, such as Banafsheh and Sawa, Susan and Bat, Nasrin and Tavous, have a common idea and profession, and their roles and actions in the story are the same. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
172 - Sociological analysis of Mohammad Taghi Bahar's poems based on the theory of Henri Lefebvre
Bahare JalayerAs a French sociologist, Marxist intellectual and philosopher, Henri Lefebvre has works and theories centered on dialectics, Marxism, everyday life, cities and social spaces. Mohammad Taghi Bahar is a poet who in most of his poems has paid attention to spatial creation, MoreAs a French sociologist, Marxist intellectual and philosopher, Henri Lefebvre has works and theories centered on dialectics, Marxism, everyday life, cities and social spaces. Mohammad Taghi Bahar is a poet who in most of his poems has paid attention to spatial creation, different approaches of urban and rural sociology and different political thoughts. In this research, an attempt has been made to show the application of Henri Lefebvre's sociological theory in the poems of Mohammad Taghi Bahar with the descriptive- analytical method. The findings of the research show that Henri Lefebvre's theories are a link between physical space, nature, mental space, social space and imagination related to sensory phenomena. Some principles of Lefebvre's theory, which are also present in Divan Bahar, are: Social spaces, citizen's rights, society and author's intellectual background, depiction of city, inventions and productions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
173 - Chabahar Port's Political-Economic Perspective in Futuristic strategies of India's foreign -security policy
yaser kahrazehIn the Indian view, Chabahar is part of the strategic and geopolitical ideas of Indian nationalism for regional and global upheaval and balanced geoeconomic competition with traditional and longtime rivals. In India's futuristic outlook document, Chabahar port is a hub MoreIn the Indian view, Chabahar is part of the strategic and geopolitical ideas of Indian nationalism for regional and global upheaval and balanced geoeconomic competition with traditional and longtime rivals. In India's futuristic outlook document, Chabahar port is a hub of economic importance along with its security-political importance. In the Discourse of Prestige and the Authority of Indian Nationalism, Chabahar has symbolic importance as a trans-regional hub and, based on the long-term vision, this oceanic port could enhance the value and credibility of India's branding across the world economically and politically. Chabahar's perspective for India's foreign policy is in two phases, the first phase - financial-economic and second - political - security. India has long-term plans and strategies for Chabahar through the tools of economic diplomacy. Despite the unbalanced and unstable conditions in the Middle East and Iran, India has worked with Afghanistan through economic diplomacy to help as much as possible to improve the economic development and importance of the Chabahar region. Drawing on the theoretical perspective of new economic diplomacy, the present paper analyzes India's future strategies in the Chabahar port. The main hypothesis of the paper is that the new Indian economic diplomacy is structurally related to India's political-security strategies for Chabahar port and the purely economic or political view on Chabahar port in Indian policymaking (India's foreign policy) is one-dimensional and mistaken analyzes. India's foreign and economic policy in Chabahar is based on a multi-faceted, long-term perspective. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
174 - Efficiency of Spectral Indices Derived from Landsat-8 Images of Maharloo Lake and Its Surrounding Rangelands
Hamid Reza Matinfar Vahid Zandie -
Open Access Article
175 - The Effects of Climate Change on the Future Distribution of Astragalus adscendens in Central Zagros, Iran
Maryam Haidarian Reza Tamartash zeinab Jafarian-Jeloudar Mostafa Tarkesh Mohammad Reza Tataian -
Open Access Article
176 - The Influence of Climate Change on distribution of an Endangered Medicinal Plant (Fritillaria Imperialis L.) in Central Zagros
Ali Asghar Naghipour borj Zeinab Ostovar Esmaeil Asadi -
Open Access Article
177 - The Study of Preference Values of Forage Species and Grazing Behavior of Tali Goat in Chabahar Rangelands of Iran
Parvaneh Ashouri Sanjabi Mohammad Fayaz Niloufar Zare Ahmad Gharanjik Hassan Yeganeh Shahram Afrougheh -
Open Access Article
178 - Chemical Composition and In Vitro Digestibility of Some Range Species in Rangelands of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran
Gholamreza Shadnoush -
Open Access Article
179 - Examining the relationship between academic optimism and growthProfessionalism of elementary school teachers in Chahar Borj city
Akbar MemarbashiThe purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between academic optimism and professional growth of elementary school teachers in Chaharborj city. This research was applied research and was done with a descriptive method. The research community include MoreThe purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between academic optimism and professional growth of elementary school teachers in Chaharborj city. This research was applied research and was done with a descriptive method. The research community included all primary school teachers of Chaharborj city, numbering 284 people (110 women and 174 men). The sample was randomly stratified using Cochran's formula in the number of 163 people (64 women and 99 men). The data collection method was library and field. In order to collect information, in the first part, the academic optimism questionnaire made by Schenen Moran et al. (2013) and has 37 items was used to measure the academic optimism of teachers. In the second part, the 18-question standard questionnaire of teachers' professional development was used. Its validity and reliability (using Cronbach's alpha 76-80%) was confirmed by its designer. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate the average and draw tables. To test the hypotheses, parametric inferential statistics (due to the normality of data distribution) and Pearson's correlation coefficient were usedAfter testing the hypotheses and analyzing the findings, the results showed that there is a relationship between academic emphasis, students' trust in their teachers, teacher efficiency and the professional development of elementary school teachers in Chaharborj city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
180 - Studying the Prevalence of Smokeless Tobacco Products and Related Factors among High School Students in Chabahar City
Mohammad Saeed Jadgal Moradali Zareipour Saeedeh Sadeghi Hadi Alizadeh Seiuoki Tahmineh Salehian -
Open Access Article
181 - The Study of Fishes Fauna of the Aharchay River in Eastern Azerbaijan Province
سید مهدی بانان خجسته محمدرضا سیف ریحانی محمدرضا رحیمی بشرThe present study was conducted to determine fish species diversity in Aharchay River and Sattarkhan barrier (East Azerbaijan province) during autumn to summer, 2007-2008. Twelve sampling places were choosen. Samples were fixed in 10 % formalin solution and transported MoreThe present study was conducted to determine fish species diversity in Aharchay River and Sattarkhan barrier (East Azerbaijan province) during autumn to summer, 2007-2008. Twelve sampling places were choosen. Samples were fixed in 10 % formalin solution and transported to laboratory for biometrical analyses. Total frequencies of species during each season were as follow: autumn 31.7 %, winter 19.6 %, spring 20.5 %, and summer 28.2 %. Eight species were identified that belonged to 3 families including: Cyprinidae (with 6 species), Cobitidae (1 species) and Percidae (1 species), and their relative frequencies were 78.1 %, 21.5% and 0.4 %, respectively. It was found that the Capoeta capoeta, was the predominant species of Aharchay river with relative frequency of 33.2 %. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
182 - The Study of Species Diversity of Migratory Wintering Waterfowl and Waders in Maharlu Wetland in Fars Province
امید طبیعی محسن جعفری نژاد بسطامی لیلا جولاییThis research presents data from a ten-year (2002-2011) monitoring of migratory wintering waterfowl and wader's fauna species diversity in Maharlu wetland. The results showed that during a 10 periods from 2002 to 2011, a total of 290554 wintering birds composed of 65 sp MoreThis research presents data from a ten-year (2002-2011) monitoring of migratory wintering waterfowl and wader's fauna species diversity in Maharlu wetland. The results showed that during a 10 periods from 2002 to 2011, a total of 290554 wintering birds composed of 65 species from14 families and 6 orders of the bird’s fauna of Iran were observed in the Maharlu wetland. The most common species counted was the Greater Flamingo (Phoenicopterus ruber) with a total of 50355 individuals. The results indicated that among families of migratory wintering waterfowl and waders in Maharlu wetland the largest family was Anatidae with 51.638 percent abundance and the lowest was Glareolidae with 0.001 percent. In these periods of studying, year of 2004 with 56162 individuals has the highest population numbers and year of 2008 with 8866 individuals has the lowest. The highest and lowest species richness recording in years of 2003 and 2010 with 37 and 14 species respectively. The results showed that in this period waterfowl fauna with 51.76 percent and wader's fauna with 48.24 percent respectively has the highest and lowest abundances. According to the results of species diversity and evenness the year of 2004 has the highest biodiversity of migratory wintering waterfowl and wader's fauna in Maharlu wetland and year of 2010 has the lowest biodiversity (P Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
183 - The Frequency and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Aeromonas hydrophila and Yersinia ruckeri Isolated from Diseased Rainbow Trout Cultured in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province
Nima Panahi Far Mohsen Pournia Reza Salighehzadeh Marjan MosaferRecognition of resistance and susceptibility of problematic bacteria such as Yersinia ruckeri and Aeromonas hydrophila in rainbow trout farms, in proper selection of antibiotics and infection control in breeding ponds. It plays an effective role. In this study, 100 dise MoreRecognition of resistance and susceptibility of problematic bacteria such as Yersinia ruckeri and Aeromonas hydrophila in rainbow trout farms, in proper selection of antibiotics and infection control in breeding ponds. It plays an effective role. In this study, 100 diseased fish were collected from rainbow trout farms in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province and after performing biochemical tests and purification of Aeromonas hydrophila and Yersinia ruckeri species, using PCR test with specific primers were finally approved. Antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria was investigated by disk diffusion method by culture on Müller-Hinton agar medium. Examination of the results of antibiogram of Aeromonas hydrophila isolates showed that the highest resistance was related to the antibiotics ampicillin (100%), colistin (80%), enrofloxacin (80%), flumquin (80%) and then, Compared to tetracycline (60%) and fluorophenicol (60%) antibiotics. The most sensitive isolates were related to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (60%) and phosphomycin (60%) antibiotics. Examination of the antibiogram results of Yersinia ruckeri isolates showed that the highest resistance among the isolates was related to the antibiotics ampicillin (100%), erythromycin (100), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (100%) and colistin (83.34%) and then showed about 67% resistance to tetracycline, fluorophenicol and phosphomycin antibiotics. Resistance to the antibiotics flumequin, lincomycin + spectinomycin (lincospectin) and enrofloxacin were also observed to be 50%, which means that none of these antibiotics would be a viable option for the treatment of bacterial infections caused by Yersinia ruckeri. In order to avoid growing bacterial resistance and to take the most effective decision in terms of antibiotic therapy, usage of antibiotics without antibiogram must be avoided. . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
184 - Manifestation of Human Rights in Jaami's Works
Somayyeh Abbasi Nasab Maryam Ja'fary Enayatollah SharifpourAbstract Human Right is the most basic fundamental right which every individual utilizes it as his intrinsic and inherent creature and this is what the creator of man has endowed it to him since his birth. The subject of human MoreAbstract Human Right is the most basic fundamental right which every individual utilizes it as his intrinsic and inherent creature and this is what the creator of man has endowed it to him since his birth. The subject of human being is man and in Islamic worldview man is considered as the caliph of God and has transcendence over other creatures in the light of his wisdom and responsibility. Abdorrahman ibn Ahmad Jaami, the poet and scholar of 9th century has had special attention on human right and has called everybody to behave accordingly. By studying Jaami's famous works as : The Baharestan, the Nafahatol ons, the Salaman va Absal his tenets have been studied and analyzed in relation with Human Right. Of the rights which Jaami has recommended them to his readers are : the right of the parents on children, guests, people on the ruler and the right of man's dignity, the needy, companions and the right of muslems towards each other. Manuscript profile -
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185 - The Comparison of Two Mystical Characters in The Shahnameh and The Mahabaharata.
Safiyeh Mousavi Fatemeh ModarresiAbstract In the religious books of The Avesta and The Mahabaharata which are the tenet books of the Iranians and The Indians, there are numerous common narratives and names which indicate the common beliefs of the two nations MoreAbstract In the religious books of The Avesta and The Mahabaharata which are the tenet books of the Iranians and The Indians, there are numerous common narratives and names which indicate the common beliefs of the two nations thousands of years ago. The two well-known aforementioned books have similarities in cultural, national and religious differences in these well-bred nations. We can see lots of national, mystical, and religious characters in these two books. One of them is Kaykhosrow in the Shahnameh whose fate and ethical and mystical features are comparable with Sakdeev in the Mahabaharata. The few differences in these two stories are related to their mothers' characters and the way they were born. The other difference is that Kaykhosrow travels together with his friends while Sakdeev does it alone. In the Persian story all the friends and people ask him not to go to this travel but in Sakdeev only his father bewares him . At the same time their mothers have a little different characteristics. We will study the common and different points of these two mystics in detail in this paper. Manuscript profile -
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186 - The Frequencies of Post-Colonialism in Mohammad Taghi Bahar's Poetry
Seyyedeh Gohar Nourbakhsh Abdolhossein FarzadAbstract The extensive presence of colonialism and its dominance over half of the world population and their residence might have been the reason and motif for the study of post-colonialism. This theory was formed by Edward Sa MoreAbstract The extensive presence of colonialism and its dominance over half of the world population and their residence might have been the reason and motif for the study of post-colonialism. This theory was formed by Edward Saeed and his book " the Orientalism ". Different post-colonialism frequencies and reaction against colonialistic ideology and the destruction of the superiority of East and West are seen in the Iranian modern poetry. This descriptive-analytic paper is to survey the appearance of phenomenon of post-colonialism in the poetry of Maleko-shoara Bahar. The studies show that most of his ideas about his defiance, and fighting against colonialism and his ideas about motherland, identity, freedom, liberty and internal autocracy embedded in the literature of post-colonialism. Manuscript profile -
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187 - Estimation and mapping of the global component of solar radiation and wind power density over Chad
Marcel Hamda Soulouknga Iman Pishkar Dieudonné Kaoga Kidmo Mehdi Jahangiri -
Open Access Article
188 - Scruting the performance of commodity suppliers and contractors, supply chain gas company province charmahal and bakhtiari by methodology dea
mahin fazeli farsani fatemeh ziglari shahram AsadiNowadays the need for more specialized businesses based on market demand for the goods and services as well as customized consumer trends, strategic alliances and organizations need to have a unified supply chain. In this case, selection of suppliers in line with long-t MoreNowadays the need for more specialized businesses based on market demand for the goods and services as well as customized consumer trends, strategic alliances and organizations need to have a unified supply chain. In this case, selection of suppliers in line with long-term goals and strategies not only increases efficiency, but also the effectiveness of the activities, the efficiency of the organization will be effective as well. The objective of this study was to scrute the performance of two groups of commodity suppliers and contractors supply chain gas province, which was conducted using data envelopment analysis. Data from this study for suppliers of goods, in addition to written documentation by gas firm the questionnaire that was sent to the experts of commodity gas companies across the country, but only 10 of them responded, and data on contractors by standard questionnaire itself now collected. Results showed that the most important factor that should be according suppliers is the most important indicator of the contractors operating the facility and equipment, as well as suppliers and contractors performance and can be set at one hundred percent rated suppliers and contractors, and other achievements of this study select a model for commodity suppliers and contractors gas Company is Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
189 - The consequences and Geo-Economical effects of the development of the Gwadar port and the Chabahar port on each other
Omidali Asadi Ali Akbar Amini Mansour TajeriOf the 3 international transport corridors, which UN experts predict for transportation between the Far East and the other points of the world, 2 corridors pass through Iran, and the Chabahar port is one of the main crossroads of the south corridor of world trade. Due t MoreOf the 3 international transport corridors, which UN experts predict for transportation between the Far East and the other points of the world, 2 corridors pass through Iran, and the Chabahar port is one of the main crossroads of the south corridor of world trade. Due to its strategic position and access to international free waters, Chabahar has a special place in exchanges between Iran and elsewhere. But the main competitor, or indeed, the neighboring port of Chabahar, is the Gwadar port of Pakistan, at the tip of the southwest of Pakistan on the Gulf Coast Gulf in the Oman Sea. Gwadar port found significant strategic value in India-Pakistan competition. China, as a global emerging power, is investing in strategic spheres, such as Gwadar, in order to connect Europe and exploit the North-South Corridor, So that it can continue to excel in the global economy. With the investment of China, at the port of Gwadar, most likely based on the economy and trade in the region, a new game will take shape, which will have implications for the region, including the Chabahar port of Iran. Considering this issue, this research deals with the descriptive-analytical method and library and documentary studies to study the geo-economical characteristics of the Chabahar and Gwadar ports. The research findings show, given the geographic and functional characteristics of the regions, the development of Chabahar is not going to weaken Gwadar, but faster development of Gwadar means weakening and even destroying Chabahar. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
190 - Tribalism: A sociological explanation from political participation in Chahar Maham and Bakhtiari province (Emphacised on Islamic council assembly elections)
MOHAMAD NOUZARI Bashir Esmaeili Masoud Parsley RaceAll human society do experience many political units that their participiant forms, ways and instruments was diffirent. Now, the form of nation – state is accepted one, more or less, formally it’s criteria are hold by societies. But, in Iran that always have MoreAll human society do experience many political units that their participiant forms, ways and instruments was diffirent. Now, the form of nation – state is accepted one, more or less, formally it’s criteria are hold by societies. But, in Iran that always have experience of tribal sovereignty, kind and method of political participation is on transitional stage, and still their actors couldn’t passage from tribal spirit to party system. This spirit have a special appearance in tribal province, as Chahar Mahal and Bakhtiari. Then, the problem of this article is explanation the relation between tribal spirit and political participation in Chahar Mahal and Bakhtiari province. The method that be used in this research is mixture of geodistic and theoretical. Thus, by reliance on field and theoretical method, we gathered the data, meantime study the theoretical foundation on the elections deal with kind of political participation, and the role of tribal identity and study the people electoral behavier in Chahar Mahal and Bakhtiari province in the Islamic council assembly on the differ periods. This study conclude that there are relation between political participation and tribal spirit in Chahar Mahal and Bakhtiari province. Results also show their political participation not diffirent in terms of tribe and education. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
191 - The crisis in the formation of Newsadriadrians political thought
mohamad poorgorban حمید رضا تبشیریThe present paper examines the political thought of the newness, which is referred to as political and religious leaders in the Islamic Republic of Iran and a philosophical stream in contemporary Iran, and addressed whether the social crises are ten 20 Up to 57 (AH) had MoreThe present paper examines the political thought of the newness, which is referred to as political and religious leaders in the Islamic Republic of Iran and a philosophical stream in contemporary Iran, and addressed whether the social crises are ten 20 Up to 57 (AH) had an impact on the formation of the political thought of the newness and, in the event of an impact, what did they see their community crisis? What did they know about? What kind of government did the alternative model for the political system? What are the solutions to the desirable community in their thoughts? The hypothesis of this article is that the crisis of ten 20 to 57 (H) He also saw his community crisis in issues such as lack of political independence, extreme Westernist, and introduce the cause of the angle of finding Mohammadi Islam. He knows the pattern for the political system for the formation of the Islamic Republic and the strategy of reaching the desirable community in the center of Islam in independence, religious democracy, and so on. Therefore, this paper aims to explain the political thought of newness in the interpretation method of crisis theory and using data analysis by library method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
192 - Studying Professor Motahari's point of view regarding reason and faith, with a view on the theory of nature
mohsen hakemi Enshaallah RahmatiThe study of the relationship between reason and faith has always been desired by thinkers of different religions, and the type of reading about the relationship between reason and faith has led to the emergence of different intellectual worlds among the followers of mo MoreThe study of the relationship between reason and faith has always been desired by thinkers of different religions, and the type of reading about the relationship between reason and faith has led to the emergence of different intellectual worlds among the followers of monotheistic religions. In the monotheistic religion of Islam, different thinkers have addressed this important issue and it has extended from faithism to rationalism in the form of Ash'ari, Mu'tazila, Ahl al-Hadith, Akhbarites and Shi'ite systems of thought, and the mystical and philosophical reading and stratum of the ratio of reason and faith.Morteza Motahari as a stylish thinker in the Islamic world, emerging from the Islamic system of thought, although he did not deal with this issue independently, but his focus on defining and dividing and expressing the truth of faith and reason; and the application of these two valleys in the nature of religion; It can be a guide for researchers to explain the relationship between reason and faith.In Motahari's thought, the proof of the ability of reason to discover reality is derived from religious texts through reference to religious texts. He believes that not only faith is not an obstacle to reason, but reason dependent on religious faith helps a lot in understanding beliefs. Motahari is on the side of reason in the conflict between faith and reason. Also, according to Motahari's epistemological system in expressing the theory of nature, by proving and defending this theory, he considers faith as rational and reason as faith. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
193 - The linguistic investigation of Bahar’s odes
Mohammad Reza Pahlavan Nejad Alireza SezavarBahar is the first person who wrote stylistics in a methodological and scientific manner regarding the prose and defined it scientifically. Although he didn’t live long to continue his research and do the same for the verse but he had scattered notes which l MoreBahar is the first person who wrote stylistics in a methodological and scientific manner regarding the prose and defined it scientifically. Although he didn’t live long to continue his research and do the same for the verse but he had scattered notes which later were collected. In his book of stylistics, Bahar was more concerned with the linguistic aspect rather than other subjects. The most prominent feature of Bahar’s odes is following the language of the past in all aspects especially in social and political issues the content was totally consistent with the details of the society of the day. The movement of return to the ways of the ancients manifests itself mostly through their language particularly in their poetry. In this article Bahar’s odes have been studied in terms of 1) phonology 2) morphology 3) syntax The phonology section is concerned with the characteristics of words such as tashdid, contraction, maximization, minimization, mutation in words and music produced by the proximity of words. Morphology section deals with the employment of old words with fresh meanings and finally syntax is concerned with the structure of the languages in the past and their application in Bahar’s poetry focusing on supplements and variety of “ra”. Manuscript profile
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