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Open Access Article
1 - بررسی میزان عوامل مرتبط با کندی تسری نظام مدیریت کیفیت جامع در پیکره بخش دولتی ایران
ناصر میرسپاسی محمد حسین متقی سنجر سلاجقه -
Open Access Article
2 - Sovereignty Over the Ra’āyā: Reflection of Safavid Ideology in “Man on a Composite Horse and Elephant” Paintings
Seddighe Nayefi asghar javani Mohammad Reza MoridiThe” Man on a composite horse and elephant” Paintings of Safavid belong to the world- composite paintings class that the scholars have acknowledged for emerging and abundance of them in the 16th / 10th century. Despite the attractiveness, those works faced s MoreThe” Man on a composite horse and elephant” Paintings of Safavid belong to the world- composite paintings class that the scholars have acknowledged for emerging and abundance of them in the 16th / 10th century. Despite the attractiveness, those works faced stagnation and changing concepts over the next following years. This research on the context of the theory of reflection attempts to explain the influence of society and the dominant ideology in the art works and analysis of the content of images and its adaptation to the Safavid society, the nature and function of the identity and function of the figurative compartments in those works and their role in society and the reflection of society on them. The most important achievements of this research are determining the present and absent groups in the community which is depicted in those works, extracting the main concept from encoding images including "Integrated and centralized governance" and "king as herder of ra’āyā", adjusting those concepts with the capabilities and defects of the ruling class ideology, having a critical look at the concepts and finally presenting reasons for the stagnation of their illustrations, such as reduction of the capacity of the early dynamic ideology and the wane of metaphors such as ”king as herder of ra’āyā”. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - بررسی دیپلماسی کره جنوبی در استقبال مردم ایران از فرهنگ و کالای این کشور
سید وحید عقیلی علیرضا قرائتی -
Open Access Article
4 - Economic balance of international contracts in the light of renegotiation with emphasis on oil contracts
Adham Haghgozar Ali Rostamifar Najad Ali AlmasiThe special characteristics of oil contracts require that these contracts always have economic stability and balance. Disruption of the economic balance in these contracts will bring harmful results both economically and legally. Generally, the stakeholders of the oil s MoreThe special characteristics of oil contracts require that these contracts always have economic stability and balance. Disruption of the economic balance in these contracts will bring harmful results both economically and legally. Generally, the stakeholders of the oil sector prefer to use the renegotiation clause to prevent the disruption of the economic balance of these contracts. Sometimes, despite not foreseeing this condition, one of the parties, who is basically an investor, will request renegotiation and in the results of establishing an economic balance (although this request will not necessarily mean reaching an agreement and an effective result) and the other party will also have the right to make such a request, but in any case, the parties must use their efforts in good faith to achieve the desired result, but the mere failure to achieve the result will not be a license to demand or compensate the other party. The question is, how can renegotiation lead to the establishment or effect of economic balance in oil contracts? In other words, how can the fundamental change of economic conditions in oil contracts be resolved with the condition of renegotiation. The findings of this research show that with the loss of profitability of oil projects, the contracts have undergone a fundamental change, and to maintain the stability of the contract and the continuity of the project, there will be no other choice but to resort to renegotiation to establish economic balance; In any case, renegotiation requires the goodwill of the parties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Study the Effect of Stock Liquidity on Excess Return with Five Factors Arbitrage Pricing Model
Zahra Farshadfar Mansour Khalili EraghiIdentifying the important factors of risk and return and optimal resources is one of the most important element to reach the maximum return. This would help individuals and institutions investors searching the best strategy to help them reaching this. This research try MoreIdentifying the important factors of risk and return and optimal resources is one of the most important element to reach the maximum return. This would help individuals and institutions investors searching the best strategy to help them reaching this. This research try to study the five factor arbitrage pricing model based on the Cerhat four factor model plus stock liquidity and testing the empirical model in Iran Stock ExchangeFor do that we have used the panel data model for the period of 2008-2012 for 173 active unit in Tehran Stock Exchange Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - The Strategic Positioning of Saderat Bank Brand from the Viewpoint of Legal Customers – Manufacturing Units of Southern Khorasan Province
L. Mahmoodi S. A. R. Davoodi T. Sadeghi A. Kafashpor F. YosefzadehThis study aims to study the position of Saderat Bank Brand, Sepah, Mellat, Melli, Parsian, Eghtesad Novin, and Tejarat banks in attracting legal customers – manufacturing units. The study used a mixed/combined methodology. The positioning process and the perceptu MoreThis study aims to study the position of Saderat Bank Brand, Sepah, Mellat, Melli, Parsian, Eghtesad Novin, and Tejarat banks in attracting legal customers – manufacturing units. The study used a mixed/combined methodology. The positioning process and the perceptual map technique were applied. The population included senior managers and financial executives of manufacturing units in Sothern Khorasan Province, for which the data was gathered through surveying their opinions due to their limited number (fewer than 40). The focus group technique and the questionnaires were used at two times to collect the data. Analyses were done by analytic hierarchy process technique and non-parametrical statistics, clomograph and Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney tests. The results indicate that Saderat Bank and Mellat Bank have the best position in terms of processes for the provision of manufacturing units with finance, the ease of processes for providing letter of guarantee and LC, and the provision of letter of guarantee and LC. Besides, Saderat Bank enjoyed the second rank – after Mellat Bank – on the minds of customers in this section of the market with regard to the negotiation and consultation services, and interaction between bank's managers and the senior managers of manufacturing units. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Analyzing bet the mediating role of auditor narcissism them relationship between negotiation strategies with the employer and audit quality Abstract
mahdi karimishahraki Mohammadreza PoorAli Lakaye mahmod samadiGood audit quality plays an important role in corporate governance and provides independent assurance to investors and other stakeholders. Since the auditor known as the protector of the company's assets and shareholders' rights, its performance must be valid and reliab MoreGood audit quality plays an important role in corporate governance and provides independent assurance to investors and other stakeholders. Since the auditor known as the protector of the company's assets and shareholders' rights, its performance must be valid and reliable. On the other hand, narcissistic tendencies are common among auditors and these findings are worrying because narcissism is associated with various undesirable behaviors, including excessive risk-taking. The auditor's narcissism may cause problems in the negotiation process, delay the audit and negatively affect the effectiveness of the audit services. Based on this, the aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between negotiation strategies and audit quality with regard to the mediating role of auditor narcissism. The statistical sample studied in this research consists of 209 auditors from Isfahan city, who, using questionnaires: audit quality, Optimum negotiation strategies and Ames's narcissistic personality and structural equation modeling method, PLS software were tested. The results of the research showed that the dispute strategy has a positive effect indirectly through the mediating variable of narcissism, and the strategies: compromise, handing over and expanding the work plan indirectly have a negative effect on audit quality. However, no significant relationship found between problem solving strategy and audit quality indirectly through the mediating variable of narcissism, it is suggested to establish personality tests for the selection of auditors, CEOs and financial managers. So that the managers who are selected do not affect the quality of financial reporting far from personality disorders. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - An Explanatory model for Intellectual Perception of Budgeter at Iranian Universities and Research Institutes
Farzaneh Jalali Aliabadi Bita Mashyekhi Ali Asghar Pourezzat Ezzatollah AbbasianDue to the importance of public budget in Iran, the aim of this research is to develop a model for intellectual perception of those who are involved in budget preparation at Iranian universities. For this purpose, using Grounded Theory Method and deep and unstructured i MoreDue to the importance of public budget in Iran, the aim of this research is to develop a model for intellectual perception of those who are involved in budget preparation at Iranian universities. For this purpose, using Grounded Theory Method and deep and unstructured interviews with the people who are directly involved in the budget preparation process at the sample Iranian universities, we established a paradigm model containing causal conditions, axial phenomenon, context, intervening conditions, action/interaction strategies, and the consequences. The research is done using MAXQDA software version 10 for open coding and Excel 2013 for axial and selective coding.After open, axial, and selective coding, it is extracted that the axial phenomenon in this research is "budgeting as a negotiation process". This axial phenomenon along with context and intervening conditions lead to some action or interaction strategies. Finally, the phenomenon of "slack in budget preparation" is appeared as the main consequence of this paradigm model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Study Future for Emergence Reasons of Unethical Pro-Organizational Behavior According to Audit Negotiation Strategies
Azita pourdadashi alireza matoufi Ebrahim Abbasi Mansoor GarkazThis study, based on the future research method, to develop possible scenarios in the first place regarding the causes of abnormal behaviors of auditors' assistant organizations and in the second place, by determining the audit negotiation strategies, examine the approp MoreThis study, based on the future research method, to develop possible scenarios in the first place regarding the causes of abnormal behaviors of auditors' assistant organizations and in the second place, by determining the audit negotiation strategies, examine the appropriateness level of such behaviors according to the strategies proposed in the negotiation between the auditor and the employer, in the form of future perspectives. This study is considered applied in terms of the type of result, and from the point of view of the goal, it is placed in the category of exploratory studies that have been carried out using quantitative and qualitative models. The participants in the qualitative part were 10 experts in the field of accounting, and in the quantitative part, 25-experienced audit partners participated in this study. The result of this study in the qualitative part indicated the existence of 6 main categories to evaluate the causes of the emergence of abnormal behavior of auditors, which was confirmed based on Delphi analysis. Then, by selecting 2 factors out of the 6 identified factors as the basis of scenario planning, by conducting thematic analysis, 10 sub-factors emerged. The result of the acquisition in the quantitative part showed that the most important scenario of abnormal behavior of auditors' assistant organization in professional negotiation is the sinusoidal scenario based on the schema of abandonment in auditors, which can be considered in the future based on the compromise strategy in the auditing profession. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Assessing and Evaluation Financial of Krhpv Range Plan in of Ilam
mahmoud hamidian سعید طهماسبیانAbstractRange plans one of the main tools of the management and use of rangelands in Iran, thought improvement and correct use of rangeland in range plans, at fact, the first scientific and technical work at subject of Iran's Range Management, and correct implementation MoreAbstractRange plans one of the main tools of the management and use of rangelands in Iran, thought improvement and correct use of rangeland in range plans, at fact, the first scientific and technical work at subject of Iran's Range Management, and correct implementation improvement and development of projects rangeland require economic justification to accepted the scientific methods. Therefore, in this study, after collection statistics and information is necessary, using methods of engineering economics to assessing and economic evaluation Krhpv Range Plan, in of Ilam was studied. The results showed that the criterion net present value (NPV), with a interest rate 26 percent, with a positive net value. and at a interest rate 26/56 percent of the net value of equal to zero, And also benefit-cost ratio (BCR) the a interest rate 26 percent is greater than one and at the rate of 26/56 percent of is equal one. nternal Ration of Return plan (IRR) 26/56 percent and given the high rate of, Plan, nine years is economically feasible. according to the proper financial justification of the plan, Is better the assignment and implementation range plans to beneficiaries , procedure and policy be taken Until ranchers tend to have implementation plans and government, providing part of the costs, active participation in the have implementation range plans To the equation costs and benefits the desire to win more benefit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - The relationship between social influence and negotiation skills with organizational success
negar mafakheri محبوبه سلیمان پورعمرانThe purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between Negotiating skills On social influence and successfully of employees. The study population consisted of all employees, both male and female, their number was 75 In this study due to lack of population c MoreThe purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between Negotiating skills On social influence and successfully of employees. The study population consisted of all employees, both male and female, their number was 75 In this study due to lack of population census method used. Data collected by questionnaires that included negotiating skills Piraeus (1981) and social influence Jucal questionnaire (2003) and organizational success by a resident questionnaire (1388) respectively. To describe the data of the statistical indicators such as frequency, mean, standard deviation and percent (in the form of tables and charts), and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for normality of data and to make inferences from data, statistical tests including correlation test Pearson regression, Friedman test and software spss22. was used. The findings showed that between skills and negotiation styles to social influence and organizational success and there is a significant positive relationship. Therefore, it seems more and more negotiation skills and social influence will be greater levels of organizational success. The highest rank and the lowest rank of the component elements of realism style is intuitive style That realism style indicator in University PNU Bojnoord most important and the least important is intuitive style. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - A comparative study of Iran's and South Korea's development programs over the past four decades Emphasizing economic-political development
reza gaderi alireza mohseni tabrizi Mohammad Hossein PoryaniThe present study aims at "comparative study of Iran-South Korea development programs over the past four decades with an emphasis on economic-political development using a comparative-historical research method. The theoretical framework is based on the views of Amartya MoreThe present study aims at "comparative study of Iran-South Korea development programs over the past four decades with an emphasis on economic-political development using a comparative-historical research method. The theoretical framework is based on the views of Amartya Sen and Shils. The results of the research indicate that in the development of South Korea, attention to development infrastructure, the importance of education and training of the workforce, attention to the proper relationship between the government and the private sector, the reform of the monetary and financial system in accordance with development, the strategy of encouragement and export development has been a priority. On the other hand, in Iran, the timing of the process of restoring stability and peace to the political arena is always a major obstacle to economic growth. The changes in political and ideological management, such as the definition and management of the economic system, such as the leap from the private economy to the state, have imposed massive fluctuations on the economy. For this reason, comparing the two countries studied, it can be concluded that Iran did not succeed in the process of economic-political development. In Iran, despite certain conditions, especially after the Islamic Revolution, events such as the Iran-Iraq war; foreign pressures; the imposition of economic sanctions; the reduction of relations with foreign markets; and so on, appeared as barriers to development and caused Iran's failure in her developmental programs, while South Korea has been successful according to the accurate plans. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - A Comparative Study of Iran's and South Korea's Development Programs over the Past Four Decades Emphasizing Economic-political Development
Reza Ghaderi Alireza Mohseni Tabrizi Mohammad Hossein PourianiThe present study aims at "comparative study of Iran-South Korea development programs over the past four decades with an emphasis on economic-political development using a comparative-historical research method. The theoretical framework is based on the views of Amartya MoreThe present study aims at "comparative study of Iran-South Korea development programs over the past four decades with an emphasis on economic-political development using a comparative-historical research method. The theoretical framework is based on the views of Amartya Sen and Shils. The results of the research indicate that in the development of South Korea, attention to development infrastructure, the importance of education and training of the workforce, attention to the proper relationship between the government and the private sector, the reform of the monetary and financial system in accordance with development, the strategy of encouragement and export development has been a priority. On the other hand, in Iran, the timing of the process of restoring stability and peace to the political arena is always a major obstacle to economic growth. The changes in political and ideological management, such as the definition and management of the economic system, such as the leap from the private economy to the state, have imposed massive fluctuations on the economy. For this reason, comparing the two countries studied, it can be concluded that Iran did not succeed in the process of economic-political development. In Iran, despite certain conditions, especially after the Islamic Revolution, events such as the Iran-Iraq war; foreign pressures; the imposition of economic sanctions; the reduction of relations with foreign markets; and so on, appeared as barriers to development and caused Iran's failure in her developmental programs, while South Korea has been successful according to the accurate plans. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Explaining the mechanisms and strategies of agricultural development in the rural areas of Aqra/Aqra city, Dohuk province, Iraqi Kurdistan climate
Zohair Abdorahman علیرضا جمشیدی Vahid MohamadnezhadThe purpose of the present study, which is of a descriptive-analytical type, is to explain the mechanisms and strategies of agricultural development with an emphasis on agricultural education in the rural areas of Aqra/Aqra city, Dohuk province of Iraqi Kurdistan climat MoreThe purpose of the present study, which is of a descriptive-analytical type, is to explain the mechanisms and strategies of agricultural development with an emphasis on agricultural education in the rural areas of Aqra/Aqra city, Dohuk province of Iraqi Kurdistan climate. Data collection tools included document analysis, observation and questionnaire. In this study, content validity was confirmed using a panel of experts and its reliability was also confirmed using the triangulation method. The statistical population of this study included all the experts and specialists working in the Ministry of Agriculture of Kurdistan Region of Iraq (working in the four districts of Bejil, China, Zakurd and Gharcheesin) who are active in the field of agricultural development and are also familiar with the city of Acre. 32 people were selected using the purposeful sampling method and through the snowball method. According to the results of the SWOT analysis, an aggressive strategy (relative weighted average of internal factors = 3.14 and external factors = 3.26) was determined to transition from the current situation to the desired situation. In this regard, strategies such as cultivation of commercial crops according to suitable climate, modification and breeding of seed inputs to increase yield, employment of specialized forces for training for the commercialization of the agricultural sector, use of transgenic livestock to increase productivity and market needs assessment for Production of commercial products was extracted. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - A Glance at the Concept of the Guru in Hindu Mysticism from the Ŝankara's Point of View
Maryam Bagherzadeh Fatemeh Lajevardi ابوالفضل MahmoudiThe Guru in Hindu mysticism is a master who has traversed the spiritual stages, has struggled through its difficult levels and attained the highest level of spiritual insight, namely, the mokśa. In Hindu monastic orders, the Guru is the incarnation of God, tradition, te MoreThe Guru in Hindu mysticism is a master who has traversed the spiritual stages, has struggled through its difficult levels and attained the highest level of spiritual insight, namely, the mokśa. In Hindu monastic orders, the Guru is the incarnation of God, tradition, teachings, the path and the mediator of the divine grace that gives birth to the tradition. He is the source of the new spiritual life, the center of holiness, and the mediator of the seeker with supreme power. Accordingly, his role is significant in the education of the disciples, and being obedient to him is obligatory. He can take the guidance of someone who intends to follow the path, pass him through difficult journey, until he reaches to ultimate truth. Therefore, it is important to examine the role of Guru in order to explain the mystical journey in these traditions. In this study, the concept of Guru has been surveyed in Hindu texts especially from the Ŝankara's point of view. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - The Effect of Butter Making Procedure on the Nutritional Characteristics and Cardiovascular Risk Factors
L. Roufehgari Nejad M.R. Ehsani M. Mizani M. Tabibi Azar Introduction: In the Northwest part of Iran, a traditional product with high popularity among consumers is produced and is named “Nehre Butter”. This study is concerned to evaluate and compare the nutritional characteristics of this product with the i More Introduction: In the Northwest part of Iran, a traditional product with high popularity among consumers is produced and is named “Nehre Butter”. This study is concerned to evaluate and compare the nutritional characteristics of this product with the industrial products, with a particular emphasis on the risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Materials and Methods: Industrial and traditional butter samples were prepared and fatty acid profile and cholesterol content were measured using gas chromatography and atherogenic and thrombogenic indexes were calculated. In order to investigate the effect of feeding prepared butters, 40 Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups of ten, including one control group and three groups were treated with fermented cream butter, non-fermented cream butter and traditional butter respectively. The end of the sixty days treatment period, serum cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C and HDL-C were measured using colorimetric methods. Results: The most favourable thrombogenic and atherogenic indexes, hypercholesterolemic/ hypocholesterolemic ratio and cholesterol content were found in the traditional butter. The traditional butter also showed a high percentage of conjugated linoleic acid. In the case of the biological model survey, serum lipids were higher in the traditional butter fed rats as compared to the control, but lower than cream butter fed groups. Conclusion: This study showed that the traditional butter due to its mild effects on health in comparison with the industrial ones is recommended, although moderate consumption is advised. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Effect of Microliposomes Containing Phenolic and Tocopherol Compounds of (Pistacia atlantica) Kernel Oil on the Butter Stability
M. Nikkhah J. Khoshkho S. E. Hoseini P. Mahasti A. AkhondzadehIntroduction: Wild pistachio (pistacia atlantica), as a plant source is rich in phenolic and tocopherol content that has significant antioxidant, therapeutic and antimicrobial effects. Encapsulation can be used as an effective method to improve the stability and prevent MoreIntroduction: Wild pistachio (pistacia atlantica), as a plant source is rich in phenolic and tocopherol content that has significant antioxidant, therapeutic and antimicrobial effects. Encapsulation can be used as an effective method to improve the stability and prevent undesirable taste of phenolic compounds. Therefore in this study, the effect of micro liposomes containing phenolic and tocopherol compounds of pistacia atlantica (Beneh) oil on oxidative stability of butter was investigated.Results: The particle size of liposome was in the range of 4-9μm. The addition of cholesterol had a significant effect on particle size. The addition of cholesterol increased the zeta potential of the samples. The total concentration of 40 to 20 mg lecithin to cholesterol was identified as an optimal concentration in the production of micro liposomes and it was used in determination of oxidative stability of butter. The results showed that N400 (sample containing 400 mg / 1000g of phenolic and tocopherol compounds of pistacia atlantica) had the highest stability.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that use of phenolic and tocopherol compounds of Beneh kernel oil, in form of microcapsules might be used to prevent chemical spoilage and also increase the shelf life and beneficial properties of cream and butter derived it, and it has taken a positive step towards producing functional products and promoting consumer health. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - The Effect of Environmental Education on the Amount of Knowledge Level, Attitude and Behavior of Local Society to Protect the Biological Variety (Subject of Study to Reserve Dena Sphere of Living)
Parsa Arameahinia S. Mohammad Shobeiri Maryam LarijaniBackground and Objective: This research, have considered the effect of environment education on the knowledge level, attitude and behavior of local society to protect the biological variety.Method: Research method is experimental partly as a pre-test and post-test by th MoreBackground and Objective: This research, have considered the effect of environment education on the knowledge level, attitude and behavior of local society to protect the biological variety.Method: Research method is experimental partly as a pre-test and post-test by the control group. Statistical society in the research is 10628 families who are living in the place of Dena. Participants were selected by the way of voluntarily sampling and divided in to 2 groups of 30 persons randomly in testing group and control group. The people settle in to testing and control groups. This research used the researcher’s answer sheet that 15 specialized confirmed its apparent and concept and total stability of 30 questions equals to 0/9. Answer sheets were distributed among participants before and after the education and necessary description was explained about this research to them. Then, people in group of control and testing answer the questions. SPSS-21 software used to analysis the data.Findings: Results demonstrated that Environmental education on the level of awareness of local communities has an effect equal to %72 which this amount was meaningful for error level less than 0.01.The results of the second hypothesis showed that Environmental education of local communities has the effect equal to %26 on the variable of attitude, that this was meaningful at the error level less than 0.01.The results of the third hypothesis showed that effectiveness of Environmental education of local communities in Biodiversity protection (Aspect of behavior), is %32 percent.Discussion and Conclusion: Investigation of general hypothesis of research demonstrate that Environmental education has meaningful effect on the level of awareness, attitude and behavior of local communities in Biodiversity protection. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Environmental investigation of some heavy elements in the intrusive mass of Soungoun copper mine in Varzaqan, North-West of Iran
Ali Shahi Mohammad Poosti Gholamreza Ghadami Mohammad FadaeyanBackground and Objective: Among the most important environmental pollutants are heavy metals that enter the environment from industrial activities such as mining, fuel and energy production, the use of herbicides, cleaners, and urban waste production. The most important MoreBackground and Objective: Among the most important environmental pollutants are heavy metals that enter the environment from industrial activities such as mining, fuel and energy production, the use of herbicides, cleaners, and urban waste production. The most important and valuable natural habitat in the study area is Arasbaran Biosphere Reserve. The purpose of this research is to determine the concentration of heavy elements in Soungoun copper mine, which have the potential of environmental pollution.Material and Methodology: The collected samples after preparation were analyzed by ICP-MS method. Then the geochemical data were statistically analyzed by software such as SPSS. Many univariate and multivariate calculations including: linear correlation, cluster analysis and factor analysis were performed on the database.Findings: Investigations show that the rocks of this area are enriched with elements Te, Mo, Cu, S, As, Sb, Bi, W, Ag, Tl, U, Sn and Pb. Among them, the enrichment of Te, Mo, Cu and S is very impressive. Three groups can be distinguished in the cluster analysis diagram: 1- Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Ni, Be, U, Tl, Co and Fe. 2- Bi, W, Ag, Sn, Cu and As. 3- Sb, Zn, Mn, Pb, Mo and Te. The highest correlation values are observed between Sc-Ti-V, Cr-Ni, Be-U, Co-Fe, Ag-Sn and Sb-Zn elements. The extracted grade of copper and molybdenum in Soungoun complex is 0.61% and 0.01%, respectively, while their average in the studied rocks is 0.73% and 0.0113%, respectively, which are close to each other.Discussion and Conclusion: The formation of sulphide minerals is a factor for the high amount of chalcophile elements in the intrusive mass rocks of Soungoun copper mine. Due to the fact that mining activities may cause the release of heavy and toxic elements into geochemical cycles, design is very important in the matter of extracting minerals and should be done with sensitivity and correct and accurate environmental assessment. Therefore, if the mining site is not restored, it will turn into polluted land and this pollution will cause many changes in the physicochemical properties and pH of the soil. Correct, efficient and dynamic management of the environment must be continuously applied to mining activities so that these activities do not deviate from the path of sustainable and healthy development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - An Analytical Survey of the Adaptation of Biosphere Reserve Zoning with the Zoning of Protected Areas in Iran
Mitra Alborzimanesh jalil Imani Harsini Afshin Danekar Maryam Robati Amir AlambaigiThe conservation category as man and biosphere seeks to bridge the multifaceted needs of conservation and sustainable use of nature. Zoning of the biosphere reserves is planned and managed by establishing three zones of core, buffer, and transition. Because of the MoreThe conservation category as man and biosphere seeks to bridge the multifaceted needs of conservation and sustainable use of nature. Zoning of the biosphere reserves is planned and managed by establishing three zones of core, buffer, and transition. Because of the fauna, flora and indigenous diversity, and its rich culture, Iran is an important environment to implement this vision of this conservation category as man and biosphere and has so far registered 13 biosphere reserves. However, Iran's biosphere reserves have not been successful in achieving the goals of the MaB program, largely due to their national protected areas and applying the existing 11-zoning guidelines. This study describes the goals, structure, and challenges of biosphere reserves in the world and Iran, emphasizes the need for the triple zoning based on a participatory approach in the country. One of the important and applied achievements of this research is to achieve the compliance pattern of eleven zoning of national protected areas with the triple zoning pattern of biosphere reserves. Based on the findings of this study, in order to adapt the zoning of biosphere reserves to all national protection titles, it is necessary to separate the transition zone into two parts internal and external. Also zones 1 and 2 of the national zones will be always considered as core zone in the biosphere reserve. The buffer zone is capable of adapting to all 11 zones except zones 1,2 and 9. The internal transition zone, except zone 1 and 2, is adaptable to other zones. In contrast the external transition zone can only be adapted to zone 9 of national conservation categories. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Planning and zonning for Harra biosphere reserve according to international scales (with emphasis on Qeshm island) using GIS
Hassan ali Laghai Masoud Monavari Bashir RaisiAs the aim of this research was optimum use offield area ,along with goals of biosphere reservestatutory frame work, the ecological and socioeconomicalinformation sources, and systematicanalysis method, and GIS technology were usedto zone the area. Since the area lack s MoreAs the aim of this research was optimum use offield area ,along with goals of biosphere reservestatutory frame work, the ecological and socioeconomicalinformation sources, and systematicanalysis method, and GIS technology were usedto zone the area. Since the area lack specifictopographic changes and other noticeable factors,gradient, altitude, direction and also unifiedtopographic map which were usually used in theassessment of ecological capacity of terrestrialecosystem have not been used in this study. Andinstead, biological and socio-economical factorsand three functional roles of biosphere reserves(conservation, development and logistic) anddefinition related to each zone has been considered.Finnally, it was selected three core zone, onesurrunding buffer zone and two transition zoneswhich there have been delineated 28983 ha oftotal surface area of Harra biosphere reserve ascore zone, 50156 ha as buffer zone, and 7694 ha astransition zone. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Comparative analysis of mystic themes in Nahj al-Balaghah and Tazkerat al-Awliya
Tahereh Moradzadeh Moghaddam saidmahmod razaghebi Ayyoub koushan syla saratiUndoubtedly, Nahj al-Balaghah, following holy Quran, is the most important Shi’ah book which is the manifestation of love, knowledge, humanity, government, justice, education, rhetoric, etc. Attar Neyshabouri's Tazkirat al-Awliya is about the fate, virtues, words MoreUndoubtedly, Nahj al-Balaghah, following holy Quran, is the most important Shi’ah book which is the manifestation of love, knowledge, humanity, government, justice, education, rhetoric, etc. Attar Neyshabouri's Tazkirat al-Awliya is about the fate, virtues, words and thoughts of ninety-six saints and elders have been mentioned with moral virtues sermons and words, and all its parts are full of the springs wisdom and knowledge and a unique mystical work. A comparative study of these two works undoubtedly reveals important aspects of their differences and similarities for researchers. In the present research, at first it is tried to extract the important mystical, points of the two works, and then to identify common and different themes by examining their similarities and differences, at last to use some verses of the Qur'an and prophetic hadiths as criteria to Analyze them. In this research which was conducted in a descriptive-analytical method, it is tried to work on the main question of the research ie. the similarities and differences between them. The results of this research demonstrate that both of the works originate from Quran and Sunnah, however, the reason of some differences in type of attitude and interpretation. After examining and analyzing the extracted samples, the most important results include superiority of literal aspect of Tazkereh al-Awliya on the educational aspect, The extreme views of some sayings in Tazkereh al-Awliya, the use of literary arrays in it, contradictions in sayings, the expression of dignity and fictional exaggerations, etc. have caused differences in these two works. Manuscript profile -
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23 - بررسی میزان آلودگی کره های سنتی عرضه شده در شهر گرمسار به برخی از قارچ های مهم آلوده کننده مواد غذایی در فصول پاییز و زمستان
طناز موسوی سید هابیل کیوان هاشمی مهدی منصوری -
Open Access Article
24 - پیکره بندی مختصات فردی در راه اندازی شرکت های دانش بنیان در واحدهای دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی استان گیلان
مهناز کارگر کیومرث نیازآذری ترانه عنایتی -
Open Access Article
25 - تحلیل مسیریابی با تعامل بین پیکرهبندی و ارتباط فضایی بر اساس ابزار نحو فضا
سید تاج الدین منصوری اسماعیل ضرغامی -
Open Access Article
26 - تبیین الگوی حاکم بر پیکرهبندی فضایی خانههای دوره قاجار در دزفول با تأکید بر تئوری نحو فضا
ناصر قانعی فر حسن رضائی وحید احمدی -
Open Access Article
27 - Identification and propagation of human spermatogonial stem cells
Zeynab Piravar Shokouh CheginiSpermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are a self-renewing population of adult stem cells. These cells could restors reproduction throughout the life of the male by sperm production. In non-primate mammals, spermatogonial stem cells named A-single (As), and the A-paired (Apr) MoreSpermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are a self-renewing population of adult stem cells. These cells could restors reproduction throughout the life of the male by sperm production. In non-primate mammals, spermatogonial stem cells named A-single (As), and the A-paired (Apr) and A-aligned (Aal) are the progenitor spermatogonial population. In human, very little findings is available about SSCs. there are two different types of A spermatogonia, the Adark and Apale spermatogonia. The Adark spermatogonia were referred to as the reserve stem cells, whereas the Apale were considered the renewing stem cells. Regulation of the SSC population includes establishment and maintenance of a niche microenvironment in the seminiferous tubules of the testis. Signaling from somatic cells within the niche determines the fate of SSCs by either supporting self-renewal or initiating differentiation to spermatozoa. Although numerous expression markers have been helpful in isolating and enriching spermatogonial stem cells, no specific marker for this cell type has yet been identified. Culture of testicular cells on various feeder cells has made it possible to culture and expansion of spermatogonial stem cells for a long period of time and hormones and growth factors are investigated for their role in the process of proliferation of spermatogonial stem cells. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Political culture and the difficulties of consolidating democracy in South Korea and Iran
DAL SEUNG YUThis is a comparative view of the role of political culture in the difficulty of consolidating democracy in South Korea and Iran. More than three decades have passed since the Republic of South Korea and the Islamic Republic of Iran have entered a transition to democrac MoreThis is a comparative view of the role of political culture in the difficulty of consolidating democracy in South Korea and Iran. More than three decades have passed since the Republic of South Korea and the Islamic Republic of Iran have entered a transition to democracy. But in both countries, the institutionalization of democracy and its consolidation face a variety of difficulties. One of the important reasons analysts point out for this problem are barriers to the values and perspectives of traditional traditional culture among the citizens and political elites of the two countries. The question that has been considered in this article is how can the elements related to cultural beliefs and attitudes affect the path of consolidation of democracy in the two countries of South Korea and Iran? The hypothesis that has been studied in relation to this question is that there is a significant relationship between the past beliefs and attitudes of the two countries of South Korea and Iran, and the difficulties of establishing and developing the morale and democratic behavior among the people and political elites of the two countries. It can be seen that a correlation between cultural variables and inconsistent behavior with the standards of democracy in these two countries can be observed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Tazkeratol Awlia's Metatextualitis Based on the Gerard Genette's theory
zahra hatampour Atta Mohammad Radmanesh mahbobeh khorasaniWhenever based Gerard Genette's theory، first text criticizes and interprets second text their relationship will be metatextual. Accordingly can be considered two types of metatextualate forTazkeratol Awlia. The first type is the inner metatextuality or confirmatory com MoreWhenever based Gerard Genette's theory، first text criticizes and interprets second text their relationship will be metatextual. Accordingly can be considered two types of metatextualate forTazkeratol Awlia. The first type is the inner metatextuality or confirmatory comments and interpretations is located in between or the end of anecdotes and sayings .Outer metatextuality includes confirmatory comments or denial about text that Finds a critical aspect and distinct interpretations of the text. Tazkeratol Awlia is the book that most of its contents is Awlia's anecdotes and sayings. According to Attar's word in his book's introduction, he intended to Quote less from herself in the middle of his book but There are phrases in this book that is explanation and interpretation of The mystics's anecdotes and sayings and Shows the author's opinion towards them . These phrases are presented in various ways and in different titles and is considered a species of metatextuality. Also the criticisms and opinions of writers, scholars, and critics of mysticism form another form of this work's metatextualitis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Effective communication, fateful skill in Shahnameh
mina nabaie reza fahimiCharacters and their connection to the stories of Shahnameh are of particular importance Therefore, today's research on the effective communication skills of the ten life skills in the definition of the World Health Organization, all human connections have been ex MoreCharacters and their connection to the stories of Shahnameh are of particular importance Therefore, today's research on the effective communication skills of the ten life skills in the definition of the World Health Organization, all human connections have been extracted and categorized from the stories of Shahnameh. Then exemplary examples of this communication have been analyzed in this psychological work by identifying the causes and obstacles that make communication unhelpful and the painful communication and impasse. What determines which communication is effective? What factors can lead to correlation or conflict? The role of reason is intriguing, and the ideals of Iran, although it is based on wisdom, is sometimes the case of good and evil people, as well as some of the main characters, sometimes Changing the direction of the flow of communication is a central theme of this text، and, surprisingly, Ferdowsi, the professor of the power of creating a diverse relationship, finds that, one thousand years before today, the knowledge of the last part of this science has become apparent to the European, and, through this communicative skill, in the light of the prevailing doctrines, sometimes deliberately and elegantly, Effective, different. This methodology, analyzing its qualitative content and its statistical society, all of the variegated archeology of the ancient Naqvar. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - The death of hallaj and its story elements narrated by Attar
Fereydon KureiIt is indispensable to follow some rules in narrating a literary story. One of these rules is specific elements which is called ‘‘story elements’’. In this study, the story elements of the story of Hossein Ebne Mansur Hallaj in Tazkeratol Olia At MoreIt is indispensable to follow some rules in narrating a literary story. One of these rules is specific elements which is called ‘‘story elements’’. In this study, the story elements of the story of Hossein Ebne Mansur Hallaj in Tazkeratol Olia Attar is analyzed, giving an example for each elements. In this narration of story, all story elements cannot be found. Because of its peculiarity some of story elements of omitted. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Investigating Minimalism and Its Elements in Attār Nīšābūrī’s Tazkirat al-Awliyā
Hossein Arian Fariba Hemati Zakiye RashidabadiIn literature, minimalism is a new genre characterized specially by an economy in using words. It distinctly emphasizes brevity and omission of unnecessary elements in text. This emphasis has resulted in lucidity of expression and unambiguity in stories. Although an eme MoreIn literature, minimalism is a new genre characterized specially by an economy in using words. It distinctly emphasizes brevity and omission of unnecessary elements in text. This emphasis has resulted in lucidity of expression and unambiguity in stories. Although an emergent phenomenon in the European literature, examples of minimalist stories are found plentifully in the Iranian classics. Tazkirat al-Awliyā of Attār, the famous poet of the seventh century (AH) is one of them. The researchers here have tried to study and analyze the motifs and elements of minimalism in the classic book of Attar. The study has therefore been based on the library methods. The study concluded that short parables in Tazkirat al-Awliyā can be classified as minimalist stories due to their being very short, clarity of language, brevity and straightforward plots, small number of characters and dialogues, and limited settings. Attār himself is also introduced as an innovator in the field and a very successful model for other authors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Synthesis of C/Cr2O3 Composite Microspheres Contains Cr2O3 Nanoparticles and Evaluation Effect of Solvothermal Processing Parameters on the Composite Morphology
A.H. Asrari B. Shayegh Boroujeny -
Open Access Article
34 - The Analysis of Allegories of Mystical Thoughts in Nahjal- Balaghah and Attar Neyshabouri's Tazkirat al-Awliya
tahereh moradzadeh moghaddam seyed mahmoud reza gheibi Ayyub Kushan jhila seratiOne of the most famous and authoritative sources of Islamic knowledge is the valuable collection of Nahj al-Balaghah, which contains gem-like and profound thoughts of Molay-e-Mottaqiyan Imam Ali (PBUH) on various topics. In Tazkerat al-Awliya by Attar, there are biograp MoreOne of the most famous and authoritative sources of Islamic knowledge is the valuable collection of Nahj al-Balaghah, which contains gem-like and profound thoughts of Molay-e-Mottaqiyan Imam Ali (PBUH) on various topics. In Tazkerat al-Awliya by Attar, there are biographies of 97 mystics, discussing their opinions on various issues. In the present study, after a case study of several mystical issues in Nahj al-Balaghah and Tazkerat al-Awliya, and their comparison with Qur'an, hadith and the views of Islamic thinkers, the most important theoretical and practical harms of mystics were found to be depression, seclusion, avoidance of work and effort, targeting asceticism instead of using it as a tool, extremism of mystics, denial of reason and liberty by some of the mystics, apostasy in words of some ascetics, encouraging celibacy, and etc, that were been avoided in Nahj al-Balaghah because of logical and social views of Imam Ali in his lectures, letters and special sentences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - The First Sufis and their Thoughts in Fars Area
Mohammad Hadi Khaleghzadeh Mehdi Famoori Jalil NazariSufism has always been one of the most fundamental of the school of thoughts in Islamic history. A glance at Sufis’ biography (Tazkereh) in the first century of Islam states that more than 80% of the Sufis lived in Iran. The number of Sufis who lived in Khoarsan in Iran MoreSufism has always been one of the most fundamental of the school of thoughts in Islamic history. A glance at Sufis’ biography (Tazkereh) in the first century of Islam states that more than 80% of the Sufis lived in Iran. The number of Sufis who lived in Khoarsan in Iran is more than the other areas. Furthermore, the attention should be paid to the other areas on the training and education of well-known Sufis and the formation of the Sufism traditions and the role of which is very important in the type and place in the history. In this study, it is tried to state the history of Fars Sufism in the second and third centuries of Hegira. This also consists of one third of the fourth century Hegira. This study includes the biography of 80 mystics who lived in the second, third and fourth centuries in the Fars area in Iran. At first, four ancient famous Sufis who lived in the second century are introduced. They are: Habib Ajami, Mohamad Ben Zeid, Abohelmane Dameshghi and Abo Mohraz. Secondly, it represented the Biography of the 10 Sufis in the second stage of the history of Sufism in the Fars area in the third and the early fourth century. They are: Hallaj, Abu Mozahem, Abubakre Tamestani, Abusahle Beizawi, Ahmadebne Yahya, Abdol Rahime Estakhri, Jafare Hazza, Hosham Ibne Abdan, Bondarebe Hussein and Abughoreibe Esfahani Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - The “Other” in Attar’s Tazkirat al-Awliya
Mohammad Reza Haji Agha BabaeiOne of the important aspects of studying any narrative text is the presence of other (non-main) influential characters and factors in the text, collectively referred to as the Other. The concept of the Other is broad and includes human characters and non-human elements MoreOne of the important aspects of studying any narrative text is the presence of other (non-main) influential characters and factors in the text, collectively referred to as the Other. The concept of the Other is broad and includes human characters and non-human elements such as nature or supernatural issues. Attar's Tazkirat al-Awliya is one of the most prominent mystical texts in which the biographies of mystics and their experiences and virtues are presented. Studying this book from the point of view of the concept of the Other, we realize that an āref (mystic) is confronted with various factors in his mystical journey, and this is what leads to the mystic's existential transcendence and a better understanding of his "self". In the book, the Other appears in the form of God, other mystics, ordinary people, Satan and the mystic's own ego, animals, and objects, each of which, in a special way, seeks to inform the mystic or inform others of his position. From this point of view, what we understand in the study of Tazkirat al-Awliya that although the Other stands in opposition to the mystic’s self, we do not witness any conflict between the mystic and the Other; rather, all these confrontational relationships make the mystic aware of his position, and the Other assumes a guiding function. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - A Comparative Analysis of al-Hallaj’s Portrait in Tazkirat al-Awliya and Kashf ul Mahjoob from Point View Of Mysticism
Hamid Aliikordkalaii Hosein FamiliansorakiHussein ibn Mansur al-Hallaj –bereaved mystic of 3rd (A.H.) century- has a high position in Sufism. In some Sufism books and treatises, have mentioned his sayings, spirits, and ideas and he has been criticized because of his Shath-like words –An al-hagh (mea MoreHussein ibn Mansur al-Hallaj –bereaved mystic of 3rd (A.H.) century- has a high position in Sufism. In some Sufism books and treatises, have mentioned his sayings, spirits, and ideas and he has been criticized because of his Shath-like words –An al-hagh (means: I’m God)- commonly. Hujwiri in Kashf ul Mahjoob and Attar in Tazkirat al-Awliya have devoted one chapter of their books to his mention. This article tries to explore al-Hallaj portrait in these two books by the descriptive-analytical method and also a comparative point of view. This research concludes that Hujwiri has depicted the portrait of al-Hallaj which is not confirmed completely by him, because of his approach of Sahv. He just confirms al-Hallaj’s religion and miracles and believes that he isn’t Hululi and his sayings are capable of interpretation. On the contrary, Attar depicts the sacred portrait of al-Hallaj, because of his strong tendency to Sufism. He implicitly declares that al-Hallaj’s mistake is to make public God’s secrets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - بررسی شرط تثبیت در قراردادهای نفتی بینالمللی
ندا نقیب زاده امیرحسین ملکی زاده -
Open Access Article
39 - Social Status of Women in “Ahoo Khanom’s Husband” and Zakerato Aljasad Novels
Payman SalehiThe present research intended to investigate the social status of women in the novels; “Ahoo Khanom’s Husband” written by Ali Mohammad Afghani and “Zakerato Aljasad” by Ahlam Mosteghanemi. The research universe included social status of wom MoreThe present research intended to investigate the social status of women in the novels; “Ahoo Khanom’s Husband” written by Ali Mohammad Afghani and “Zakerato Aljasad” by Ahlam Mosteghanemi. The research universe included social status of women in Algeria and Iran. The sample subsumed the novels; “Ahoo Khanom’s Husband” and “Zakerato Aljasad”. The research was designed as analytical and descriptive type. The data were collected through library study via reviewing scientific documents with emphasizing on the above mentioned scripts. The data were analyzed by qualative analysis based on descriptive approach. The findings revealed that both authors despite their gender, cultural, social and linguistic differences, could properly and realistically portrayed women’s violated rights images. Some common issues were seen in both novels including forced marriage, domestic work burden, deprivation of education and humiliation of women. Such problems which became major concerns for women was relatively improved by some novel women iconoclasm. In discussion about discriminations, problems such as physical abuse of women by their husbands, women role playing as men, divorce to emancipate of spouse abuse were indeed mentioned. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Ma’aser - e - Rahimi; A book on Indian history and greates men
Ali Reza Sha'banluAlthough influence of Persian language in India had begun in the late first Hejri century by Persian Muslim invasion to India, establishing the Persian ruling dynasty and Safavid Period reach to its climax. In this period, many Iranian artists, poets and writers went to MoreAlthough influence of Persian language in India had begun in the late first Hejri century by Persian Muslim invasion to India, establishing the Persian ruling dynasty and Safavid Period reach to its climax. In this period, many Iranian artists, poets and writers went to India and settled there and also a lot of Indians taught the Persian language and created lots of works. Abdulbaqi nahavandi one of those who went to India at the age of forty- has written a book" Ma'aser Rahimi" on the history and the greatest of India. This book includes Abdolrahim khan khanan's works and news, his individual personality, descent, servants, comrades and poets and also some issue about previous kings of India and especially about Noraldin Mohammad Jahangir Ghazi and his dynasty . This paper is an attempt to introduce this valuable work and it's writer. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Measuring the potential of innovative e- collaborative writing technology to enhance writing and creativity in discourse management through negotiation of meaning and form
zohre Mohamadi Farid GhaemiGoals: This study is an investigation of innovative technology in writing skill. To this end, the potential of a designed innovative e-collaborative writing website with unique features in creating opportunities in improving writing ability, fostering creativity in mana MoreGoals: This study is an investigation of innovative technology in writing skill. To this end, the potential of a designed innovative e-collaborative writing website with unique features in creating opportunities in improving writing ability, fostering creativity in managing discourse through negotiation of form (NOF) and negotiation of meaning (NOM) in comparison with collaborative writing of Iranian learners . Method: 60 Iranian intermediate EFL learners' writing performances in two writing modalities were analyzed with respect to their potential in increasing writing achievement scores and creating a medium for NOM and NOF were analyzed. Data were collected through pretest/posttest measures, conversation and log analysis of form and meaning negotiations in collaborative and e-collaborative writing and open coding of student reflective essays. Results: Multivariate analysis of co-variance and chi-square analysis indicated that learners had higher writing scores and negotiation of meaning and form in e-collaborative Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Critical Study and Analysis of the principles of Surrealism in Comparison With Anecdotes Junaid Baghdadi withEmphasis on the Memoirs of Attar's Tazkereh al-Awliya
Nasser Amir Mohammadi Nemat Esfahani Omran Hamid Tabasi Surrealism is a school founded by Andre Burton and his associates in the early twentieth century after World War I, causing murder, chaos, destruction and absurdism. Looking at the school of Surrealism and Islamic-Iranian mysticism, we find that the surrealist asp More Surrealism is a school founded by Andre Burton and his associates in the early twentieth century after World War I, causing murder, chaos, destruction and absurdism. Looking at the school of Surrealism and Islamic-Iranian mysticism, we find that the surrealist aspects and aspects did not appear after the founding of this school, but had a history in the oldest religious and mythological texts and in Iranian mysticism, especially Sufi and especially mystical literature. , But with fundamental differences, has existed. In mystical texts, especially memoirs, anecdotes have a narrative, imaginative and mental format; In such a way that they present surprising and astonishing events in a realistic context. For this reason, these anecdotes, due to their subconscious and dreamy form, correspond to the principles and foundations of surrealism, and also the surrealists emphasize the liberation from reason to reach the highest point of existence with the aim of the mystical path of mystics in which all multiplicities are united. Become, mistakenly considered one; Therefore, in the present descriptive-analytical method, an attempt is made to briefly apply the various surrealist elements and components in Junaid Baghdadi's anecdotes with emphasis on Attar's memoirs, and at the end, a brief critique and analysis of surreal metamaterial thinking And Farangar's thinking in Iranian mysticism should be presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Feasibility of vitamin D and Bifidobacterium Lactis loaded-alginate microcapsules for producing probiotic / vitaminated butter
Sahar Saraghi Peyman Rajaei Kaveh ZargariAbstract One of the new ways to improve probiotic bacteria persistence in food products, as well as the survival of bacteria while passing the digestive tract, is to microbialize the probiotic cells in order to safely transport them to the large intestine.&n MoreAbstract One of the new ways to improve probiotic bacteria persistence in food products, as well as the survival of bacteria while passing the digestive tract, is to microbialize the probiotic cells in order to safely transport them to the large intestine. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of microsphere on the survival of Bifidobacterium lactis during pasteurized butter storage period. In this study, alginate microcapsules containing Bifidobacterium lactis were used in butter formulation with values of 1, 2, 3 and 4 cc. Morphological, particle size, and survival tests were performed in similar conditions in the intestine and stomach. Pasteurized butter tests also included acidity assessment, peroxide value, anisidine index, oxidation resistance, melting point, survival rate of Bifidobacterium lactis, as well as mold and yeast populations in three replications. Sensory evaluation including (flavor, flavor, flavor, perfume, oral sensation and general acceptance) was performed by ten evaluated trained butterfly factory using a 5-point Hedonic method. The results were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and SAS software version 9.4. Non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis Mann-Whitney test was used to assess sensory results. The results showed that alginic microcapsules with a soft and average surface area had a particle size of 300 to 400 microns, and the maximum amount of bacteria in which the bacteria had fallen was 3/3 ± 0.05. Using alginate microcapsules, the index of peroxide, anisidine index decreased significantly as antioxidant properties of alginate as well as vitamin D, and the index of oxidation resistance as well as acidity significantly decreased. Also, by increasing the amount of micro-capsule application, the melting point of butter treatments decreased and the amount of mold and yeast was significantly decreased. Compared to the pasteurized trifoliate with free Bifidobacterium lactis, micro capsulation improved the Bifidobacterium lactis survival rate by two and a half cycles improved logarithmic conditions. Finally, Pasteurized butter treatment with 3 cc of alginate microcapsules was selected as the optimum treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Features and application of buttermilk in food industry
Morva Hosseiny Rezvan PourahmadIn the food industry, by-products and waste products are produced, some of which have nutrients and functionality, and if they enter the environment, they provide a suitable platform for the growth of microorganisms and environmental pollution, so today we try to avoid MoreIn the food industry, by-products and waste products are produced, some of which have nutrients and functionality, and if they enter the environment, they provide a suitable platform for the growth of microorganisms and environmental pollution, so today we try to avoid these by-products. be usefully used. Milk and dairy products are essential nutrients for humans, one of the industries that use its by-products is the dairy industry. In the production of butter, in the churning stage, buttermilk is prepared, which is considered as a by-product and waste. This liquid substance contains all substances soluble in milk such as proteins, lactose, minerals and substances derived from the membrane of milk fat cells (MFGM). MFGM has bioactive compounds with positive effects on human health such as anti-tumor and lowering blood cholesterol. It also inhibits Helicobacter pylori bacteria and prevents stomach and intestinal infections. This product can be subjected to lactic fermentation by lactic acid bacteria and can be used as a fermented and non-fermented drink, or it can be dried by dryers such as sublimation and spray dryers and used in different food formulations such as cheese, yogurt, and grain-based products. be used Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Low-Calorie Butter Production
Mandana Zormand Rezvan PourahmadProduction of low-calorie foods has gained significant attention from researchers and manufacturers in recent years. Individuals with heart diseases are specifically interested in consuming low-fat products. A product is considered low-calorie if its calorie content has MoreProduction of low-calorie foods has gained significant attention from researchers and manufacturers in recent years. Individuals with heart diseases are specifically interested in consuming low-fat products. A product is considered low-calorie if its calorie content has been reduced by 25% compared to the original product. In the production of low-calorie products, attention to the compounds affecting the product's calorie content and the identification of suitable substitute ingredients holds special importance. Compounds that notably impact consumer acceptance include fats and sweeteners. Substituting fats and carbohydrates as two calorie-contributing compounds in food materials has been highlighted. The level of fat in low-calorie butter can be reduced by using protein compounds such as sodium caseinates and whole soy flour, while still maintaining desirable sensory properties in the product. The protein compounds in the formulation of low-calorie butter soften the product's structure due to interactions with water. Reducing fat content in the formulation of low-calorie butter requires an increase in water content, which is stabilized using stabilizers for water retention. Additionally, emulsifiers are added to the oil phase to facilitate the formation and maintenance of water-in-oil emulsions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Interpretation of Human-Effigy Vessel in North and North East of Iran Plateau in Late Bronze Period
Ebrahim AmirKolaei Mojtaba Safari Narjes Heydari Arman MasoudiCultural materials are used meaningfully and their meaning can be changed or forgotten during the passage of time. One of the ultra- modern archaeological approaches is the perception of understanding and meaning of objects. Here “interpretation” has been su MoreCultural materials are used meaningfully and their meaning can be changed or forgotten during the passage of time. One of the ultra- modern archaeological approaches is the perception of understanding and meaning of objects. Here “interpretation” has been suggested as an approach for the conception of concepts of objects. Interpretation is considered as a special type of explanation and for the sake of inclusion of a hermeneutic framework, it is beyond of cultural material. For discovering the concept of cultural materials, it needs to distinguish social conditions in its time context. Archaeologically, the perspective of north and northeast of Iran plateau contains culture and homogeneous culture in Recent Bronze Period. Effigy vessel is considered as one of the cultural materials which can be found in funerary floor in this period, and have been discovered from archaeological investigations. In fact, this cultural view can be considered as a context and existing effigy vessel to be considered as one of the most delicate symptoms in this context. In fact, this cultural perspective can be considered as a text and the container of existing figures can be interpreted as one of the subtlest signs of this text and by examining its social context, we can understand the gender and identity signs of this object. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - توانمندسازی اجتماعات محلی با رویکرد آینده پژوهی (مطالعه موردی: ناحیه کرهرود شهر اراک )
غلامرضا نوری علیرضا شیخ الاسلامی -
Open Access Article
48 - Theocracy; Focus of Pondering and Civilization in the Ancient Elamite
hasanali arab kosar sharefinasabElam civilization geographically includes Southwest area of Iran. This civilization that resisted the recurrently attack during several millenniums was finally destroyed by Assyrian Empire Assur Banipal in 646 BC. In this article an attempt was made to study the effect MoreElam civilization geographically includes Southwest area of Iran. This civilization that resisted the recurrently attack during several millenniums was finally destroyed by Assyrian Empire Assur Banipal in 646 BC. In this article an attempt was made to study the effect of religion on Elamite art and culture and people life, based on an archaeological remains and pieces of evidence found in southwest Iran, Elamite teritory. In order to recognize the importance of religion to Elam people and the possible influence of their neighbor countries. first, we study religion in Elam. then in order to understated archaeological remains better, some points will be made about religious ceremonies. Also a number of Elamite main religion centers have been mentioned and some pointes have been made about the impact of Elamite religion on the formation and evolution of arts such as music, sculpture, architecture, base on relief. Finally, it will be evident that religion as an important part of people’s life has had a direct impact on the formation, and development of Elam: culture; that without religion, perhaps Elam civilization would have never progressed so much. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Theocracy; Focus of Pondering and Civilization in the Ancient Elamite
Hasanali arab Kosar sharifi nasabElam civilization geographically includes Southwest area of Iran. This civilization that resisted the recurrently attack during several millenniums was finally destroyed by Assyrian Empire Assur Banipal in 646 BC. In this article an attempt was made to study the effect MoreElam civilization geographically includes Southwest area of Iran. This civilization that resisted the recurrently attack during several millenniums was finally destroyed by Assyrian Empire Assur Banipal in 646 BC. In this article an attempt was made to study the effect of religion on Elamite art and culture and people life, based on an archaeological remains and pieces of evidence found in southwest Iran, Elamite teritory. In order to recognize the importance of religion to Elam people and the possible influence of their neighbor countries. first, we study religion in Elam. then in order to understated archaeological remains better, some points will be made about religious ceremonies. Also a number of Elamite main religion centers have been mentioned and some pointes have been made about the impact of Elamite religion on the formation and evolution of arts such as music, sculpture, architecture, base on relief. Finally, it will be evident that religion as an important part of people’s life has had a direct impact on the formation, and development of Elam: culture; that without religion, perhaps Elam civilization would have never progressed so much. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - The effect of virginity on the legal status of women
Mahmood Abedi Andrian Hassan Pashazadeh Naser MasoudiThe effect of virginity on women's rights is one of the important issues of family law, which has not been comprehensively researched, and most of the legal writers have briefly mentioned the issue, but its importance is so great that none of the political, social, and MoreThe effect of virginity on women's rights is one of the important issues of family law, which has not been comprehensively researched, and most of the legal writers have briefly mentioned the issue, but its importance is so great that none of the political, social, and philosophical schools have addressed it. They did not need it. The main debate is whether virginity limits women's rights or not? In this research, an attempt is made to examine jurisprudential and legal works in this field, and by considering all aspects of the matter, the effect of virginity and pregnancy on women's rights cannot be answered absolutely. Because there are more cases. Not only does virginity not limit a woman's rights, but her legal privileges are far more. Including; In case of not receiving the dowry and lack of empowerment, the female cannot claim alimony, and if she does, she is doomed to reject the claim, but a virgin woman, despite the lack of empowerment in these conditions, has the right to demand alimony, or divorce the female during menstruation and Nifas is not valid if the divorce of a virgin woman while menstruating is valid. Therefore, in general, virginity does not limit her rights in comparison with a female prostitute. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Content Analysis of the Supreme Leader's (Ayatollah Khamenei) view of "Relations with America" in the period 1368-1395
Soraya Vedady Mohammad Reza RasooliHeroic flexibility", a term used by the Supreme Leader (AyatollahKhamenei) in 2013, had been raised about the political interactions. BothIran and America are characterized as two powerful and effectivediscourse in the international arena and any interaction and confron MoreHeroic flexibility", a term used by the Supreme Leader (AyatollahKhamenei) in 2013, had been raised about the political interactions. BothIran and America are characterized as two powerful and effectivediscourse in the international arena and any interaction and confrontationbetween the two countries, change many regional and global equations.Therefore, the importance of recognizing the strategies and tactics and thepolitical discourse governing these two countries is essential andimportant. This research followed content analysis approach of theSupreme Leader ( Ayatollah Khamenei) about America with an emphasison what and how to "negotiate and communicate with America" during(1986-2016) years to obtain a detailed scientific understanding about hisperspective of America. According to a purposeful sampling of all hisstatements, 209 lectures related to the concept of "America" wereobtained and classified into five basic subjects: "Islam and America","Pathology of America," "America's isolation," "America Middle Eastpolicy" and "negotiation and relationship with America". The mostfrequent issues are: in the "key Words related to Categorization of Islamand America" is "American Islam"; In "Key Words related to Pathologyof America", is related to weakness and decline in American power; in"Key Words related to America's isolation", is related to America’sisolation with the world ; in "key Words related to America Middle Eastpolicy", is failure of US middle east policies; and the most frequentkeywords in the topic of "negotiation and relationship with the UnitedStates" are related to the characteristics of the United States whichinclude: Domination, tyranny, dictatorship, aggression, Warmongeringand Being cruel. In addition to these characteristics, hostility andarrogance of America was emphasized. According to research findings,America looking for unconditional talks with Iran to impose its demandsand in the context of relations, he also contemplates a contingentrelationship (the surrender of the Islamic Republic), which in the currentsituation, neither negotiation nor a relationship with the United States, theloss is more than its profit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
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سعید افراشته فرج اله براتی سیدجاسم پژوهنده -
Open Access Article
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mahmoud abedi Hassan pashazadeh -
Open Access Article
54 - An Analytical Study on the Personality of Political Leaders with Emphasis on the Role of Political Intelligence and Mindfulness (Case Study: US and North Korean Leaders)
mohammadbagher khorramshad soheil rajabi Ali Mohammadzadeh ebrahim motaghiOne of the most important thematic studies in the field of political psychology studies is the study of the personality and political intelligence of leaders. The present study is an analysis of the personality of political leaders with emphasis on the role of mindfulne MoreOne of the most important thematic studies in the field of political psychology studies is the study of the personality and political intelligence of leaders. The present study is an analysis of the personality of political leaders with emphasis on the role of mindfulness and political intelligence and has examined the political personality of one of the leaders of the United States and North Korea in this regard. The main question of the present study was how political intelligence and mindfulness influenced the decisions of the political leaders of the two countries (Trump) and North Korea (Kim)? In this descriptive-analytical study, the relationship between political intelligence and mindfulness with transformational leadership and its components in the personality context of leaders were analyzed. The results showed that leaders' personality traits play an important role in leadership style and their individual and social interactions. Based on the findings, political intelligence and mindfulness of leaders influenced by their political personality in the light of ways of influence, sources of power, individual adjustments and incompatibilities and identity values affect the decision-making and interests of political leaders of the US and North Korea. It has been a transition and it can be said that this concept has had an effective role on the relations between the two countries due to the complexity and challenges of the relations between the two countries, the United States and North Korea. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - تحلیل پیکره قیدهای بیان دیدگاه در مقالات علمی انگلیسی زبانان و زبان آموزان ایرانی
امیر سبزوار حمیدرضا حق وردی رضا بی ریامقالات علمی جولانگاهی برای بیان موضع پیرامون صدق یک قضیه است. در این پژوهش موارد استفاده از قیدهای بیان دیدگاه در مقالات علمی زبان آموزان ایرانی و انگلیسی زبانان مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. با استفاده از چارچوب بایبر و همکاران (1991) در خصوص قیدهای بیان دیدگاه ، محققین Moreمقالات علمی جولانگاهی برای بیان موضع پیرامون صدق یک قضیه است. در این پژوهش موارد استفاده از قیدهای بیان دیدگاه در مقالات علمی زبان آموزان ایرانی و انگلیسی زبانان مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. با استفاده از چارچوب بایبر و همکاران (1991) در خصوص قیدهای بیان دیدگاه ، محققین در یک پیکره متشکل از 62077 کلمه برگرفته ازتکالیف نوشتاری زبان آموزان ایرانی و یک پیکره 65268 کلمه ای برگرفته از متون آکادمیک انگلیسی باو کاربرد قیود بیان دیدگاه را مورد بررسی قرار دادند. جهت جستجوی متداولترین قیود از نرم افزار انت کانک نسخه 3.4.3 استفاده شد.بدین منظور تعداد تکرار هر یک از قیدها استخراج و بر اساس هزار کلمه نرمال شد و سپس از آزمون مربع کای جهت مشخص نمودن تفاوت میان دو پیکره استفاده شد. یافته ها از وجود تفاوتها و شباهتهایی مابین دو پیکره حکابت می کرد. زبان آموزان ایرانی بیشتر از قیدهای بیان اطمینان برای نشان دادن دیدگاه خود استفاده کردند در حالی که انگلیسی زبانان بیشتر از قیدهای بیان عدم اطمینان در نوشته های خود استفاده کردند. یافته های این تحقیق می تواند برای زبان آموزان ایرانی و همچنین آموزش نگارش در بردارنده جنبه های کاربردی باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - تاثیرفرایندهای بازنگری-شفاهی چند مرحله ای بر پیشرفت نوشتار استدلالی زبان آموزان ایرانی
فرخ لقاء حیدریهدف این مطالعه بررسی نقش دو فرایند بازنگری-شفاهی چند مرحله ای به عنوان ابزار ارائه بازخورد بر پیشرفت نوشتار استدلالی زبان آموزان ایرانی بود. 45 دانشجوی زبان انگلیسی بطور تصادفی به سه گروه تقسیم شدند. به افراد سه گروه سه تکلیف نوشتار استدلالی داده شد که هریک نیازمند سه پ Moreهدف این مطالعه بررسی نقش دو فرایند بازنگری-شفاهی چند مرحله ای به عنوان ابزار ارائه بازخورد بر پیشرفت نوشتار استدلالی زبان آموزان ایرانی بود. 45 دانشجوی زبان انگلیسی بطور تصادفی به سه گروه تقسیم شدند. به افراد سه گروه سه تکلیف نوشتار استدلالی داده شد که هریک نیازمند سه پیش نویس مجزا بود. افراد گروه کنترل انشاءهایشان را در پاسخ به بازخورد کتبی معلم اصلاح نمودند، درحالیکه افراد دو گروه آزمایش گفتگوهای بازنگری-شفاهی با معلم یا همتای خود را تجربه کردند. دو دسته داده ی کمی و کیفی گردآوری شد: انشاءهای استدلالی نوشته شده در ابتدا و انتهای دوره و مصاحبه. نتایج بخش کمی مطالعه حاکی از عملکرد بهتر معنادار دو گروه آزمایش بود. بعلاوه، طبق نتایج مصاحبه، تفاوتهایی در رابطه با تاثیر بازخورد دریافت شده بین دو گروه آزمایش مشاهده گردید. افراد گروه همتا-محور توجه بیشتر به ساختارهای بلاغی و توانایی اصلاح خطاهای سطحی را گزارش کردند. در حالیکه، گروه بازنگری معلم-محور مسائل نوشتاری کلی تر از جمله محتوی، ساماندهی ایده ها، و گفتمان را بیان نمودند. نتایج بدست آمده خاطر نشان می سازد که شکل دهی مشترک نقشهای مشارکتی و تلفیق خاص مذاکره و حمایت به معلم اجازه میدهد تا فضای مذاکره ی حمایتی و پشتیبانی متناسب با دانش فراگیران را در گروه معلم-محور ارائه دهد تا مشارکت بیشتر فراگیر را باعث شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Determination of microbial contamination in traditional and pasteurized butter samples, marketed in Birjand city
A. azhdari H.R. Kazemi seghaleButter is a dairy product made by churning fresh or fermented cream and is one of the most highly concentrated forms of fluid milk. The aim of this survey was to assess loads of microbial contamination in traditional and pasteurized butter samples marketed in Birjand ci MoreButter is a dairy product made by churning fresh or fermented cream and is one of the most highly concentrated forms of fluid milk. The aim of this survey was to assess loads of microbial contamination in traditional and pasteurized butter samples marketed in Birjand city, Iran. For this propose, totally 100 samples, including 60 samples of traditional butter and 40 samples of pasteurized butter, were collected randomly under sterile conditions and were analyzed according to the protocol of Iranian National Standards Organization. Data were analyzed with SPSS-19 software. The statistical analysis of data showed that the rate of contamination with coliforms, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and mold and yeast in the traditional butter samples were higher than Iranian Standard limits in 8.3%, 3.3%, 1.7% and 61.7%, respectively; meanwhile 7.5%, 7.5% and 27.5% of the pasteurized samples were contaminated with coliforms, E. coli, and mold and yeast, respectively. Contamination with S. aureus was not found in any of the pasteurized samples. There was no significant difference between contamination with coliforms, E. coli and S. aureus in traditional and pasteurized samples, however, this difference between mold and yeast was significant (P< 0.05). The results indicated that the microbial contamination in traditional and pasteurized butter samples was higher than standard limits in 65% and 27.5% of the samples, respectively which needs strict preventive measures. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Impact of lactic acid bacteria on conjugated linoleic acid content and atherogenic index of butter
لیلا Roufegari-Nejad M.R Ehsani مسعود Darabi Amin مریم Mizani آیناز AlizadehThis is a study aimed to investigate the effect of lactic acid bacteria including Lactobacillus acidophilus and Sterptococcus thermophilus (as thermophilic culture), Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, cremoris and diacetylactis, Leuconostoc citrovorum (as mesophilic cult MoreThis is a study aimed to investigate the effect of lactic acid bacteria including Lactobacillus acidophilus and Sterptococcus thermophilus (as thermophilic culture), Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, cremoris and diacetylactis, Leuconostoc citrovorum (as mesophilic culture), Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Bifidobacterium lactis and a mixed culture of L.acidophilus, L. casei and B. lactis on fatty acid profile, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and atherogenic index (AI) of butter. Fatty acid analysis with gas chromatography indicated that application of thermophilic and mixed culture decreased the ratio of saturated to unsaturated fatty acid; whereas, the butters made with L. acidophilus had the highest content of CLA. Moreover, AI in the samples prepared with thermophilic cultures was the least. Sensory evaluation of the treatments revealed no significant differences (p> 0/05) in appearance and color. However, the butters prepared with thermophilic and mesophilic cultures had more desirable taste in comparison with the samples made with L. acidophilus, L. casei and B. lactis. From the nutritional point of view, the adverse effect of butter could be diminished via the application of selected lactic acid bacteria. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Study of cardiovascular biomarkers, cystatin-C and adenosine deaminase in alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus in the dog
کاوه AzimzadehDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease which may lead to considerable damages in most tissues. The purpose of this study was to assess whether the levels of serum Cardiac troponin I (cTnI), Homocysteine (Hcy), Cystatin c (Cys-C) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) acti MoreDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease which may lead to considerable damages in most tissues. The purpose of this study was to assess whether the levels of serum Cardiac troponin I (cTnI), Homocysteine (Hcy), Cystatin c (Cys-C) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity are altered in alloxan induced diabetes mellitus in the dog. In this study, DM was induced by alloxan in the treatment group and three months later, plasma cTnI, Hcy and Cys-C were evaluated by Elisa technique and ADA activity was assessed by Electrochemilumminescence (ECL) method. The results showed significant increases (p<0.01) in cTnI and Cys-C along with a considerable decrease in ADA in the treatment group in comparison to the intact healthy group. Conclusively, increased plasma levels of cTnI and Cys-C in dogs with DM indicates heart and kidney damage respectively, which requires effective measures in the management of diabetes mellitus in dogs. Furthermore, reduction of ADA activity can be attributed to the decline of immune system (especially T cells), high levels of adenosine concentrations for facilitation of glucose transport and/or zinc ion decrease. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Evaluation of serum concentration of sialic acid in foals affected by Rhodococcosis
ali hassanpour alireza monadi This study was conducted for evaluation of sialic acid concentration in serum of 19 foals with Rhodococcosis and compared with 18 normal foals in horse stables in Tabriz area in Iran. Sick foals were detected using clinical and laboratory (culture of nasal d More This study was conducted for evaluation of sialic acid concentration in serum of 19 foals with Rhodococcosis and compared with 18 normal foals in horse stables in Tabriz area in Iran. Sick foals were detected using clinical and laboratory (culture of nasal discharge) findings. Blood samples were collected from jugular vein in all foals and serum was separated. Sialic acid (serum total sialic acid, lipid-bound sialic acid and protein-bound sialic acid) concentrations in the serum were measured in all samples. Increasing of total sialic acid, lipid-bound sialic acid and protein-bound sialic acid in the sick group was significant (p=0.000, p=0.012 and p=0.001, respectively). In the normal group, the correlation between serumic parameters was not significant. In the sick group, the correlation between total sialic acid and protein-bound sialic acid was not significant (r=0.095) but there was a significant correlation between total sialic acid and lipid-bound sialic acid (r=0.842). The correlation between lipid-bound and protein-bound sialic acid was also insignificant (r=0.196). The results obtained revealed that Rhodococcosis increases the serumic concentration of sialic acid and there is a correlation between increases in serumic concentration of various parameters. Manuscript profile -
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61 - Evaluation of urinary and gastrointestinal disorders in foals with rhodococcosis and the effect of treatment with azithromycin plus rifampin on these disorders
ali hassanpour alireza monadi hamidreza Alipour Kheirkhah This study was conducted for evaluation of urinary and gastrointestinal disorders in foals with Rhodococcosis and the effect of treatment with azithromycin plus rifampin on these disorders. The study was performed on 17 foals with Rhodococcosis (2-5 months o More This study was conducted for evaluation of urinary and gastrointestinal disorders in foals with Rhodococcosis and the effect of treatment with azithromycin plus rifampin on these disorders. The study was performed on 17 foals with Rhodococcosis (2-5 months old) and 18 normal foals as control in horse stablesaroundTabriz area, Iran. Sick foals were detected with clinical and laboratory (culture of nasal discharge) findings. Blood samples C20 ml were collected from the jugular vein in all foals and serum was separated. Sick foals were examined and the clinical function of urinary and gastrointestinal systems were recorded. Kidney function was evaluated with measurement of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), total protein (Pr), sodium (Na) and potassium (K) in the serum. The gastrointestinal function was evaluated by considering the presence of diarrhea, appetite and gastric ulcer (with endoscopy). Azithromycin plus rifampin was used orally once a day for 2 weeks in foals with Rhodococcosis. Blood Sampling was conducted at the end of treatment and the preview parameters were evaluated. In sick foals, the clinical findings were resolved but soft stool wasstillobserved in 13 cases. Gastric ulcer were higher in the sick group with most of them considered grade II in the nonglandular region of the stomach. BUN, Cr and P increased significantly after treatment in the sick group. Rhodococcosis increased total protein in the serum significantly but was corrected after treatment. In conclusion, both Rhodococcosis and its treatment using azithromycin plusurinaryand gastrointestinaldysfunction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Effect of ethanolic extract of Crocus sativus L. (Saffron) stigma on serum levels of functional liver markers and hepatic tissue injury in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
محمد Rahbani داریوش Mohajeri علی Rezaie عادل Rezaei MoghadamIn this study, protective effects of saffron against biochemical and histopathological changes of liver were assessed in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of 10 animals each, including Group 1, healthy contr MoreIn this study, protective effects of saffron against biochemical and histopathological changes of liver were assessed in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of 10 animals each, including Group 1, healthy control; Group 2 healthy rats treated with saffron extract; Group 3, diabetics and Group 4, diabetics treated with saffron extract. For induction of diabetes, single dose of streptozotocin (75 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally. From the beginning of experiment, the extract was injected daily at a dose of 40 mg/kg b.w. by intraperitoneal route for 8 weeks. Control groups received normal saline in similar manner. At the end of experiment, serum biomarkers of liver tissue injury and histological changes of hepatic tissues were evaluated. In diabetic rats, serum levels of functional liver markers were found to be significantly increased as compared to control group (p<0.05), while this markers in diabetic rats treated with saffron extract significantly decreased as compared to diabetic rats. Histopathological findings were in consistent with biochemical results. The results obtained showed that ethanolic extract of saffron has hepatoprotective activity against diabetic hepatopathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Evaluation of cardiac markers and some serumic biochemical parameters in seropositive horses with equine influenza
ali hassanpour bahram amouoghlitabrizi mansour khakpourAbstract This study was performed to evaluate the effect of influenza in horses on the electrocardiogram changes, cardiac arrhythmias and concentration of cardiac troponin in serum and serumic activity of some enzymes. MoreAbstract This study was performed to evaluate the effect of influenza in horses on the electrocardiogram changes, cardiac arrhythmias and concentration of cardiac troponin in serum and serumic activity of some enzymes. After electrocardiography and count heart rate, blood samples were taken from jugular vein in 202 stallions (1-3 years). After centrifugation, the serum was removed and then seroprevalence of equine influenza was investigated by ELISA method. From 202 horses, 19 samples (9.5%) were positive and 183 samples (90.5%) were negative and these horses were put in deseased and healthy groups, respectively. In all samples cardiac troponin I, liver enzymes, total protein, albumin, glucose, urea, creatinin, cholesterol and triglyceride in the serum were measured. The electrocardiograms of all the horses were taken and the kind of cardiac arrhythmias were recorded. Average heart rate increased significantly in diseased group (p< 0.05). Occurrence of cardiac arrhythmias was significantly greater in diseased group (p< 0.05). Changes in QRS complex were significant in diseased group. The serumic concentration of cardiac troponin I increased significantly (p= 0.023). The difference mean of liver enzymes was not significant between two groups exept for alkaline phosphatase. In diseased group the mean of total protein and albumin increased significantly (p= 0.046 and p= 0.021, respectively) but, glucose and cholesterol decreased nonsignificantly. The mean difference of urea, creatinin and triglyceride was nonsignificant between the two groups. The end result was that following equine influenza some electrocardiographic changes were created in horses most of which are physiologic changes and the concentration of cardiac troponin I, total protein, albumin and liver enzymes in are increased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Reflection of social structure in the spatial configuration of housing with emphasis on the theory of spatial syntax (Case study: Traditional and contemporary houses of the historical cultural context of Tabriz)
Atefeh Fathbaqali Mohammadjavad Maghsoudi Tilaki Masoumeh Hedayati MarzbaliHomes, as the main place of life of modern man, must respond to the needs, beliefs and values of its inhabitants. The shape and body of space affects human lifestyle and behavior. In this research, the complexities of social and cultural relations in the spatial structu MoreHomes, as the main place of life of modern man, must respond to the needs, beliefs and values of its inhabitants. The shape and body of space affects human lifestyle and behavior. In this research, the complexities of social and cultural relations in the spatial structure of traditional and contemporary houses in Tabriz have been investigated using the theory of space syntax. The present study tries to extract and introduce changes in the layout and spatial structure of houses in terms of space syntax criteria. To achieve this goal, after selecting a case study of the cultural and historical context of Tabriz, IGraph software has been used to draw and classify the samples and analyze the spatial structure, and their explanatory diagram. Then the correlation indices and the relative depth of the spaces have been analyzed using the mathematical relations of the space syntax and the visibility indices, the visibility cone using the Depthmap software for each sample. The results show that there is a direct relationship between the variable of social structures and the variable of spatial arrangement. This means that the characteristics of social structures governing society, including interactions and privacy, are important architectural values of traditional houses, However, in contemporary houses, due to having a purely physical view and insufficient knowledge of the residents and their needs, many changes have taken place in the housing debate, which has led to the residents not belonging to the house. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Investigating the Relationship between Northern Hemisphere Transplant Patterns and Drought in Northwestern Iran
Yosof Toloei Amir Gandomkar Mohsen Bagheri BadaghabadiDrought is a climatic phenomenon that is likely to occur in any region and leads to social, economic and environmental damage. Due to the importance of remote linking patterns and their impact on climate, therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the relationshi MoreDrought is a climatic phenomenon that is likely to occur in any region and leads to social, economic and environmental damage. Due to the importance of remote linking patterns and their impact on climate, therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between remote linking patterns and drought in northwestern Iran. In this regard, the precipitation statistics of 17 synoptic stations located in the provinces of East Azerbaijan, West Azerbaijan, Ardabil and Zanjan during the statistical period 1988 to 2018 and the statistics of 16 connection patterns from the Northern Hemisphere during the same period were used. First, using the drought index (SPI) of the study area on an annual scale, with a delay of one month and a delay of two months. Then, the relationship between drought and remote grafting patterns was investigated using Pearson correlation and linear regression methods. The results show that on a monthly scale, the PNA pattern showed a correlation with the studied stations more than other patterns in the one-month delay time of the TNA pattern and in the two-month delay time of the NAO pattern. Spatially, Maragheh and Jolfa stations have shown more correlation with remote connection patterns than other stations. Examination of seasonal correlation coefficients also showed that in winter HCNA and SNA patterns; NAM, NPI and PN patterns in spring; In summer, the SNAO pattern and in autumn, the POL / PEP pattern were more correlated with the drought of the studied stations than other patterns. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Reflexive Metadiscourse Markers in Academic Interviews: A Frequency and Functional Study
Oranoos Rezaei Seyed Foad Ebrahimi Saeed Yazdani -
Open Access Article
67 - جستاری در نسخ خطی رساله تذکره الذاکرین
دکتر محسن مؤمن -
Open Access Article
68 - هنر تصویر گری در ایران و سرزمین های اسلامی از ظهور اسلام تا تیموریان
دکتر رامین یلفانی -
Open Access Article
69 - Inflectional Features of nouns and verbs in Bavanati Dialect (central part)
Jalal Rahimian Fatemeh KamgarThe present study aims at analyzing and describing inflectional features of nouns and verbs in Bavanati dialect (central part of Bavanat city). It is the first systematic study on this dialect. Our research method is descriptive one based on data collected through field MoreThe present study aims at analyzing and describing inflectional features of nouns and verbs in Bavanati dialect (central part of Bavanat city). It is the first systematic study on this dialect. Our research method is descriptive one based on data collected through field and library search. In this research, we have studied and analyzed the categories in terms of their structural as well as semantics features. The significant findings of the research are as follows: since the most common plural marker is /ǎ/, the speakers are often forced to apply different phonological processes to the nouns to make them pronounceable. The most common indefinite marker is "jej" whose equivalence in standard Persian is ‘jek’ ‘one’. Extra marker is frequently omitted in this dialect. The possessive pronouns are also structurally unique and the details of which are discussed in the paper. As far as the verb is concerned, second plural person-number marker, /-ik /, is quite different from that in standard Persian. In verbal negative forms, the prefix "mi-" is reduced to "m"; for instance the standard verbal form such as "ne-mi-ræv-æm" ‘I won’t go’ is changed into "næ-m-r-æm". Many other findings and specific features of the dialect are presented in conclusion section of the paper. Manuscript profile -
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70 - The Natural Grape Antioxidant is a Natural Antioxidant in the Quality Properties and Oxidative Stability of Animal Oils
Ghazaleh Eghbal Mehrdad Ghavami Maryam Gharachorloo -
Open Access Article
71 - ارزیابی خصوصیات کیفی، فیزیکوشیمیایی و حسّی کره بادام زمینی غنی شده با خمیر خرما با روش سطح پاسخ (RSM)
سیده فائزه صفائی سارا جعفریان مجتبی معصومی مهدی شریفی سلطانی لیلا روزبه نصیرائی -
Open Access Article
72 - بررسی خصوصیات ساختاری وآنتی اکسیدانی فیلم زیست تخریب پذیر هیدروکسی پروپیل متیل سلولز حاوی صمغ آلژینات و اسانس چوبک و تأثیرآن برمقاومت اکسیداتیو روغن کره محلی
رقیه اشرفی یورقانلو هاله همتی نغمه فعال همدانی -
Open Access Article
73 - Genotypic and Phenotypic Pattern of Antibiotic Resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii Isolated from Traditional Butter and Cream in Isfahan
Nahal Salimi Mohammad Ahmadi Ebrahim RahimiAcinetobacter species are saprophytic and have emerged as an important nosocomial pathogen. In this study, 100 samples of traditional butter and cream, were evaluated for the presence of the A. baumannii. The A. baumannii isolates were genotyped based on virulence genes MoreAcinetobacter species are saprophytic and have emerged as an important nosocomial pathogen. In this study, 100 samples of traditional butter and cream, were evaluated for the presence of the A. baumannii. The A. baumannii isolates were genotyped based on virulence genes and phenotype according to antibiotic resistance patterns. The results showed that from 50 samples of butter and cream, 2 samples (4%) and 1 sample (2%) were contaminated with A. baumannii. Antibiotic resistance examination showed that all isolates were resistant to the antibiotics of meropenem, imipenem, chloramphenicol, methicillin, carbapenem and fusidic acid. The most abundant genes encoding antibiotic resistance in A. baumannii strains were tetA, tetB, dfrA1, aac (3) -IV, sul1, cnf2, csgA, jurA, citm, blasHV, aadA1 and Aac3IV. The results also showed that the most abundant virulent genes in A. baumannii strains that detected from traditional milk and dairy products were fimH, papC, Pai and kpsmTII, respectively. It is recommended to use a preventive method to reduce or eradicate A. baumannii from the human food chain and to prevent the spread of infection. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Evaluation of contamination of raw milk and traditional butter in Amol city with Listeria monocytogenes and determination of their antibiotic resistance.
Negin Najafi Mahdi Sharifi Soltani Atefeh Bozorgi MakeraniListeria is one of the most important bacteria that contaminates milk and milk products. The main species that causes listeriosis in humans and animals and is transmitted through contaminated food is Listeria monocytogenes. For this purpose, in order to identify Listeri MoreListeria is one of the most important bacteria that contaminates milk and milk products. The main species that causes listeriosis in humans and animals and is transmitted through contaminated food is Listeria monocytogenes. For this purpose, in order to identify Listeria monocytogenes in raw milk and traditional butter, in the spring of 1400, 40 samples of raw milk (20) and traditional butter (20) were collected from traditional dairy stores in Amol city. The samples were immediately transferred to a food microbiology laboratory in cold condition. The samples were first cultured in peptone water enrichment medium and then the enriched samples were transferred to Palkam Listeria selective agar medium with selective Listeria monocytogenes supplementation. Then antimicrobial susceptibility of Listeria monocytogenes isolates was determined by disk diffusion method using the antibiotics ampicillin, gentamicin, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin. From the total samples, the prevalence of Listeria species in raw milk and butter was 35% and 10%, respectively. The results of antibiotic susceptibility and resistance test of raw milk samples showed that they were resistant to ampicillin 85.7% and tetracycline 71.4% and among butter samples only erythromycin was 100% resistant and ampicillin 100% semi-resistant. The mean of the obtained results in the antibiogram test were analyzed with 95% confidence and one-way analysis of variance. The results of the present study indicate the potential risk of infection due to consumption of raw milk and traditional butter to Listeria monocytogenes and raw milk had higher risk than butter. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Disputed Islands Crisis in the East Asia and its Impact on Regional Stability
alireza koohkan akram mohammadinasabAbstract One of the controversial issues in territorial integrity of the countries is the territorial and border disputes. In South East Asia, most of the countries have differences of opinion over the possession of a set of islands located between their countrie MoreAbstract One of the controversial issues in territorial integrity of the countries is the territorial and border disputes. In South East Asia, most of the countries have differences of opinion over the possession of a set of islands located between their countries and China. These countries are South Korea and Japan. With the discovery of oil and gas in these disputed islands, the attempt to solve these problems has remained unresolved. Since countries like South Korea cannot confront with China, they have sought the support of the United States and this has resulted into the expansion of the latter's influence and arms race and instability in the region. With this background the question raised by the article is "What has been the impact of tension between Japan, China and South Korea over the disputed islands on stability of South East Asian region?" It seems that the tension in relations of these countries have led to increase of arms race, instability and the expansion of the influence of big powers like the United States in the region. The methodology used in the paper is historical and documentary and the analysis of the data is descriptive-analytical. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - Crisis of Decision Making in North Korea Nuclear Crisis
Saeed EslameeAbstract The aim of the present article is to examine the strategies and decisions taken by the United States and North Korea and their outcome during North Korea nuclear crisis. In this direction the article has made use of John Bram’s Theory of Moves. From 1993 MoreAbstract The aim of the present article is to examine the strategies and decisions taken by the United States and North Korea and their outcome during North Korea nuclear crisis. In this direction the article has made use of John Bram’s Theory of Moves. From 1993 when the issue of North Korea nuclear program was considered as a crisis for world community, strategies and counter strategies were made by the United States and North Korea. These moves eventually led to production of nuclear weapon and nuclear tests by North Korea in the years of 2006 and 2009. Consequently the United States cut its economic aid to North Korea and imposed extensive economic sanctions against North Korea within the framework of the security council of the United Nations. From the viewpoint of the article each decision (move) taken by each side was for maximizing of interests and minimizing the threat. Of course these decisions had a close relation with the decision taken by the opposite party. Therefore, the strategies of the two countries were fluctuating within the framework of compromise or hardline position. The finding of the study shows that initially the aim of North Korea by producing nuclear weapon was not deterrence but, taking some concessions (security guarantees, fuel, and food) but taking into consideration what North Korea was considering as the United States obstructionism, led to hard decision of making nuclear weapon. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - The Possible Crises in the United States Relations with China
Hamed Mohagheghnia Jahanbakhsh MoradiThe foreign relations of countries always depend on a set of intentions, objectives, interests, interpretations and interactions which are the outcome of decision making centre in internal structures and international limitations and its repercussions are also seen in d MoreThe foreign relations of countries always depend on a set of intentions, objectives, interests, interpretations and interactions which are the outcome of decision making centre in internal structures and international limitations and its repercussions are also seen in domestic and external sphere. The bilateral relations of the United States and China are not an exception to this rule. The United States and China expanded their relations from 1971. They had a successful record in interaction with each other in many field especially in economic field but this does not mean that there are no differences between the two. There are always threat and danger of tension and crisis in relations of the two world powers. The most important possible crises in relations of the United States and China are the problem of Taiwan and also the presence of the United States of other powers in sphere of influence of China and the ensuing tensions in that direction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - تبیین الگوی حاکم بر پیکرهبندی فضایی خانههای دوره قاجار در دزفول با تأکید بر تئوری نحو فضا
ناصر قانعی فر حسن رضائی وحید احمدی -
Open Access Article
79 - .
Sayyed Saeid Mirmohammadsadegh Ataollah Hasani -
Open Access Article
80 - .
خاور قربانی ادریس اسلامی -
Open Access Article
81 - مقایسه قابلیت هضم ظاهری مواد مغذی خوراک با استفاده از روشهای جمعآوری کل مدفوع، خاکستر نامحلول در اسید و لیگنین در اسبچه خزر
س. اربابی ت. قورچی ر. پرورهدف از این پژوهش مقایسه مارکرهای داخلی غیر قابل هضم خاکستر نامحلول در اسید (AIA)، لیگنین (ADL) و روش جمعآوری کل مدفوع (TCF) جهت تخمین قابلیت هضم ظاهری مواد مغذی در اسبچه خزر بود. مواد خوراکی مورد استفاده شامل کاه گندم، یونجه، جو و ذرت به منظور تعیین ماده خشک، ماده آلی، Moreهدف از این پژوهش مقایسه مارکرهای داخلی غیر قابل هضم خاکستر نامحلول در اسید (AIA)، لیگنین (ADL) و روش جمعآوری کل مدفوع (TCF) جهت تخمین قابلیت هضم ظاهری مواد مغذی در اسبچه خزر بود. مواد خوراکی مورد استفاده شامل کاه گندم، یونجه، جو و ذرت به منظور تعیین ماده خشک، ماده آلی، پروتئین خام، عصاره اتری، فیبر نامحلول در شوینده خنثی (NDF) و فیبر نامحلول در شوینده اسیدی (ADF) تجزیه شدند. این آزمایش در قالب طرح چرخشی با 4 جیره خوراکی در طی 4 دوره زمانی 12 روزه با 4 اسب 3 تا 5 ساله در قفس­های انفرادی اجرا گردید. نتایج قابلیت هضم ماده خشک، ماده آلی، فیبر نامحلول در شوینده اسیدی و فیبر نامحلول در شوینده خنثی بین سه روش لیگنین نامحلول در شوینده اسیدی، خاکستر نامحلول در اسید و جمع­آوری کل مدفوع، تفاوت معنی­داری مشاهده نشد، اما قابلیت هضم پروتئین خام و چربی با روش­هایADL وAIA به طور معنی­داری بالاتر بود. همبستگی ضعیفی بین دو روشTCF و AIA جهت قابلیت هضم ظاهری چربی خام وADF وجود داشت. در حالی که همبستگی بالایی (89/0R2=) بین دو روش AIA و TCF جهت قابلیت هضم پروتئین خام مشاهده شد. نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که تفاوت معنی­داری بین مارکرهای داخلی (AIA و ADL) و روش جمع­آوری کل مدفوع جهت تخمین قابلیت هضم ظاهری مواد مغذی در اسبچه خزر وجود ندارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - .
Seyed Farshid Sadatsharifi Aliakbar Safipor -
Open Access Article
83 - Comparative study of the educational aspects of two concepts of justice and love in the Attar`s Tazkerat ol-Awlia and Mantiq ot-Tayr
Seyede Maryam Rowzatian Fatemeh Sadat MadaniThere is no doubt that a significant part of the mystical works have emerged by educational goals and each of various writers and poets have regard to mysticism with a particular perspective. Some of them have handled a difficult language, so special people pay attentio MoreThere is no doubt that a significant part of the mystical works have emerged by educational goals and each of various writers and poets have regard to mysticism with a particular perspective. Some of them have handled a difficult language, so special people pay attention to them, but some others have used simple language, so they have widened their audience range. Attar Neishabouri is one of them. Although many works have been attributed to him, all of his works are seven. Using allegory and anecdotes is his favorite style. Therefore, we can find common concepts and anecdotes between Tazkerat ol-Awlia and his Masnavis which are based on numerous anecdotes. Among these works, in this study we focus on common anecdotes betwee Tazkerat ol-Awlia and Mantiq ot-Tayr. This study done within the two concepts: justice and the difference between unreal love and real love. The goal is to be shown that there are some difference between those two books for explaining these concepts. So it shows that which of these books has stronger educational aspects. This study will show that Attar has used different style in each book and he consciously changed his rhetoric to teach a concept. Manuscript profile -
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84 - Explain the effect of experimental environmental qualities on the spatial configuration of gardencity Case study: Mehrshahr gardencity
azin ataei, Jamaleddin Soheili maryam armaghan Ali Akbar Heidari,Introduction: Urban development and urbanization needs have made it necessary to pay attention to the welfare demands of individuals. The importance of responding to the improvement of the quality of the environment in order to ensure the satisfaction of citizens, while MoreIntroduction: Urban development and urbanization needs have made it necessary to pay attention to the welfare demands of individuals. The importance of responding to the improvement of the quality of the environment in order to ensure the satisfaction of citizens, while physical efficiency, shows the need to consider the experimental qualities of the environment in the process of spatial arrangement; Because exclusively materialistic estimates and one-sided functionalist approach in design, by undermining the qualitative desirability and creating an inefficient environment in meeting the needs, the lived experience of human beings has been limited.Research Aim: This research was done with the aim of explaining the effect of spatial configuration on people's qualitative perception of the environment. Assuming the existence of a relationship between environmental quality and spatial organization and trying to answer how this relationship has been done.Methodology: The present research is done by analytical-interpretive method and its methodological approach is qualitative. Those environmental quality criteria based on library studies and theoretical foundations that had the most conceptual similarity with the social logic of space were verified in two stages by Delphi technique and by location-based questionnaire in passages separated by the degree of interconnection index, extracted from The layout analysis of the survey space has been performed. The sample size was 384 residents of Mehrshahr who were selected by cluster random sampling. In order to analyze the results, the method of logical reasoning has been used.Studied Areas: The study area, phase one of Mehrshahr neighborhood in Karaj, is due to the spatial configuration of the urban garden cities model, which has been preserved relatively without structural changes since the design.Results: Based on the findings, the field characteristics of high-correlation passages, from the residents' point of view, have resulted in the most desirability in relation to the quality assessment indicators of the environment related to the physical-functional component. Low-interconnected passages had the highest satisfaction of the perceptual-aesthetic component, and finally, medium-interconnected passages provided a richer socio-cultural interaction.Conclusion: The capacity of spaces with the aim of enhancing the quality experience of the environment is not provided only by the relations and structural features of the space and generally how to use the space depends on the experimental interventions of users that will have many effects on the design process to use public spaces. Manuscript profile -
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85 - -
javad zamani -
Open Access Article
86 - بررسی شاخص های ریخت زمین ساختی بر روی رودخانه ماسرم و تاقدیس پهن
کورس یزدجردی قدرت الله فرهودی شهرام کارگر مرضیه ممتحن -
Open Access Article
87 - Induction Of NMRI Mice Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation Into Endothelial Progenitor Cells By Placental Extract
maryam sadat Nezhadfazel Kazem Parivar nasim HAYATI mitra heydariStem cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, can produce different tissues and organs of the body. Stem cells have two features, self-renewal and differentiation. Of the most important adult stem cells are mesenchymal stem cells. These cells are capable of prolife MoreStem cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, can produce different tissues and organs of the body. Stem cells have two features, self-renewal and differentiation. Of the most important adult stem cells are mesenchymal stem cells. These cells are capable of proliferation and differentiation with induction in the presence of variety of growth factors. Since the placenta extract contains a large amount of VEGF, therefore placenta extract was used to induce the differentiation of omentum mesenchymal stem cells.The omentum mesenchymal stem cells were separated and cultured and cell-specific markers CD90, CD44, CD73, CD105 and CD34 markers were tested by flowcytometry on them. The extract of the placenta was prepared and after the MTT test, we selected a 20% viability percentage. After 21 days the presence of mesenchymal stem cells omentum in medium and 20 percent of placenta extract, mesenchymal cells were differentiated into progenitor endothelial cells. The expression of CD90, CD73 and CD105 markers was negative and expression of CD31, FLK1 and CD34 markers was positive. G1 phase of the cell cycle in 2st week of prolonged, compared to the control group, this result showed that the cells were exited from the proliferative phase into differentiation phase.Conclusion: Omental mesenchymal cells in adjacent to the placenta extract, differentiate into endothelial progenitor cells. Manuscript profile -
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88 - بررسی برهمکنش مواد فعال سطحی دوپیکره و مواد رنگزای آلی برای افزایش حلالیت رنگ در میسلهای مواد فعال سطحی
سارا فاضلی بهشته سهرابی -
Open Access Article
89 - Jurisprudential and legal effects of reluctance and urgency
Mansooreh BagheripoorIn this research, two issues of reluctance and urgency have been explained using the sources of Shia jurisprudence and Iran's codified laws. For this purpose, things like the lexical and terminological definition of the two mentioned words, as well as jurisprudential re MoreIn this research, two issues of reluctance and urgency have been explained using the sources of Shia jurisprudence and Iran's codified laws. For this purpose, things like the lexical and terminological definition of the two mentioned words, as well as jurisprudential reasons and their legal, punitive and criminal effects on the two scheming and distressed people have been briefly discussed and relevant opinions have been presented in each case. The basis of the difference between reluctance and necessity has been considered to be that since the pressure on makra is the result of imposing and threatening another person and this is not the case in emergency, then makra's discretion is incomplete and the person's right to choose is complete. Regarding the conditions for the realization of each and the difference between reluctance and urgency, he has reached the conclusion that the ultimate goal of civil responsibility is to compensate the loss suffered by an act without legal permission, and reluctance in criminal matters is under certain conditions. Among the total causes, the defendant will be held criminally responsible, and also the rule of the authority of the ruling steward has been proven. Urgency and necessity are also considered as a state and are among the causes of criminal liability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - بررسی تطبیقی ژانر محور راهبرد و مرحله در قسمت بحث مقالات تحقیقاتی رشته روانشناسی بین نویسندگان انگلیسی و فارسی زبان
Zeinab Ariarid Rajab Esfandiariنویسندگان غیرانگلیسی زبان که به دنبال انتشار نتایج مطالعات علمی خود در مجلات بین المللی هستند به دلیل عدم آشنایی با قراردادهای حاکم بر ژانر مقالات تحقیقاتی ممکن است با چالش هایی مواجه گردند. مطالعه حاضر با دو هدف صورت گرفته است: (الف) شناسایی راهبرد ها و مراحلی که قسمت Moreنویسندگان غیرانگلیسی زبان که به دنبال انتشار نتایج مطالعات علمی خود در مجلات بین المللی هستند به دلیل عدم آشنایی با قراردادهای حاکم بر ژانر مقالات تحقیقاتی ممکن است با چالش هایی مواجه گردند. مطالعه حاضر با دو هدف صورت گرفته است: (الف) شناسایی راهبرد ها و مراحلی که قسمت بحث مقالات روانشناسی را تشکیل می دهند و (ب) بررسی تفاوت های بین راهبرد ها و مراحل به کار رفته در مقالات روانشناسی که توسط نویسندگان انگلیسی زبان و نویسندگان ایرانی به زبان انگلیسی نگارش شده اند. جهت حصول این اهداف، یک پیکره انگلیسی و یک پیکره ایرانی هر یک با پنجاه مقاله انگلیسی روانشناسی شکل گرفت. پیکره انگلیسی متشکل از مقالات نگارش یافته توسط نویسندگان انگلیسی زبان بود و پیکره ایرانی از مقالات نوشته شده توسط نویسندگان ایرانی تشکیل می شد. مدلل بکار رفته در مقاله حاضر مدل سویلز بود. داده ها هم به صورت کمی و هم به صورت کیفی مورد تحلیل قرار گرفتند. برای تحلیل داده های کمی از آزمون خی دو استفاده شد و داده های کیفی به صورت محتوایی مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. بر اساس تحلیل ژانر محور صد مقاله که معرف پنج زیر شاخه اصلی رشته روانشناسی بودند (بالینی، شناختی، رشد، تربیتی، و اجتماعی)، یک مدل "راهبرد-مرحله" جدید با شش راهبرد و ده مرحله برای قسمت بحث مقالات روانشناسی پیشنهاد شد. نتایج تحقیق حاکی از وجود تفاوت های آماری معنادار بین نویسندگان انگلیسی زبان و نویسندگان ایرانی در خصوص به کارگیری یک راهبرد و تعدادی از مراحل بود. برخلاف نویسندگان انگلیسی زبان، نویسندگان ایرانی اغلب قادر به استفاده از تمامی مراحل جهت آشکارسازی عملکرد کلی یک راهبرد خاص نبودند. تحقیق حاضر با بیان تعدادی از پیامدهای نظری و آموزشی برای فراگیران رشته روانشناسی که از انگلیسی برای اهداف آکادمیک استفاده می کنند و متخصصان انگلیسی برای اهداف ویژه که به تدریس دوره های انگلیسی برای اهداف آکادمیک مشغولند، به پایان می رسد. Manuscript profile -
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91 - تحقیق ترکیبی ازتاثیرسیلابس مذاکره ای برروی استقلال دانشجویان زبان تخصصی
Golnaz Peyvandi Maryam Azarnoosh Masood Siyyariاستقلال به عنوان عامل مهمی در یادگیری موفق زبان دوم در دهه های اخیر به طور گسترده مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است. با وجود اهمیت استقلال ، تأثیر برنامه درسی مذاکره ای در تقویت استقلال یادگیرنده از طریق مطالعات تجربی کمترمورد مطالعه قرارگرفته است. تعداد کمی از پژوهش ها به ثبت Moreاستقلال به عنوان عامل مهمی در یادگیری موفق زبان دوم در دهه های اخیر به طور گسترده مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است. با وجود اهمیت استقلال ، تأثیر برنامه درسی مذاکره ای در تقویت استقلال یادگیرنده از طریق مطالعات تجربی کمترمورد مطالعه قرارگرفته است. تعداد کمی از پژوهش ها به ثبت تجربه یادگیرندگان زبان انگلیسی با اهداف ویژه در برنامه درسی مذاکره ای پرداخته اند. بنابراین ، این مطالعه از نظر روش شناختی با پرداختن به شکافهای ذکر شده ، به بدنه دانش در حوزه استقلال کمک می کند. این تحقیق با روش ترکیبی از یک طرح شبه آزمایشی در مرحله کمی برای بررسی تأثیر برنامه درسی مذاکره شده بر استقلال 71 فراگیر زبان انگلیسی انجام شده است. برنامه تجربی با 32 دانشجو در کلاس آزمایشی طی یک دوره 8 هفته انجام شد. این دوره شامل برگزاری کلاس درسی با برنامه درسی مذاکره از طریق مذاکره اهداف ، محتویات ، روشها و ارزیابی مشترک بود در حالی که گروه کنترل از برنامه درسی از پیش طراحی شده استفاده کردند. تجزیه و تحلیل آزمون تی نشان داد که میزان استقلال کلاس آزمایش نسبت به همتایان خود در کلاس کنترل افزایش معنی داری دارد. داده های کیفی جمع آوری شده از طریق مصاحبه نیمه ساختاری و ژورنال دانشجویی نیز این موضوع را تأیید می کنند. Manuscript profile -
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92 - پیکره و مطالعات ترجمه: مفاهیم و کاربردها
Mehrdad Vasheghani Farahani Hossein Vahid Dastjerdi -
Open Access Article
93 - The Analysis of the Second book of Masnavi
mohamad navid bazarganIn Masnavi studies, often explaining the verses and subject researches have been the main concern. Masnavi consists of six books, and so far the principal thoughts on which the books are based, are not usually discussed. The author of the present article, based on his MoreIn Masnavi studies, often explaining the verses and subject researches have been the main concern. Masnavi consists of six books, and so far the principal thoughts on which the books are based, are not usually discussed. The author of the present article, based on his years of teaching experience in master level, and employing qualitative content analysis method, tries to demonstrate the themes that are proposed in the 2nd book of Masnavi. This isto show the principal thoughts this book is based on. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - The reliability and validity of chapman,s handedness inventory in junior high school students
Ahmad AlipourIn order to study the reliability and validity of the Chapman’s Handedness Inventory (CHI) among junior high scho - graders from junior high-schools of Tehran district completed the Handedness Questionnaire of Chapman and MoreIn order to study the reliability and validity of the Chapman’s Handedness Inventory (CHI) among junior high scho - graders from junior high-schools of Tehran district completed the Handedness Questionnaire of Chapman and correlation between the two halves, and retest reliability !"# $ $ $% & "!!# analysis revealed that all the students who according to CHI were categorized as left-handed and right-handed recognized themselves as left-handed and right-handed. Factor analysis suggested a factor which accounted for '(" ! )! ! this factor. In sum CHI has a good validity and reliability for distinguishing lateralization among Iranian highschool students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - The scope of party's obligation in reaching result in renegotiation in international petroleum contracts
ahmadreza asaadinejad abdolhosein shiravi Mehdi Montazer Kourosh jafarpourField and Aims: In long-term oil and gas contracts, in order to avoid the disruption of the contractual balance during the long-term implementation of the contract, the condition of renegotiation is foreseen so that by re-negotiating the conditions and how to implement MoreField and Aims: In long-term oil and gas contracts, in order to avoid the disruption of the contractual balance during the long-term implementation of the contract, the condition of renegotiation is foreseen so that by re-negotiating the conditions and how to implement the contract, the disturbed balance will return to the contract. Although the concept of renegotiation, its structure and dimensions have been examined by other researchers, the question has not been answered that whether the inclusion of a renegotiation clause in oil contracts means obliging the parties to reach an agreement? To put it better, renegotiation is usually a commitment to the means or a commitment to the result?Method: This article is written in a descriptive-analytical way.Findings and Conclusions: The inclusion of renegotiation should not be considered merely a formal and formal act, because the purpose of including such a condition is to restore balance to the contract without the need to refer to the judicial system, so if reaching an agreement is not an obligation for the parties to the contract, basically The inclusion of such a condition lacks binding power and simply becomes a time-consuming and futile act, especially when the parties insist on their positions. The results of the studies of this article show that renegotiation is usually a commitment to the result, and the parties should reach an agreement regarding the dispute between them by resorting to such a condition and by observing the good faith of the contract. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - Feasibility of achieving peace in Korean Peninsula in radiance of the "Peace Initiative"
Rauf Rahimi marzieh sadat AlvandKorea's division into North Korea and South Korea was the result of the victory of the Allies in World War II in 1945 and the end of 35 years of domination of Japan over Korea until eventually became an independent Korean government. Soviet's lack of cooperation with th MoreKorea's division into North Korea and South Korea was the result of the victory of the Allies in World War II in 1945 and the end of 35 years of domination of Japan over Korea until eventually became an independent Korean government. Soviet's lack of cooperation with the UN program ultimately led to the formation of a Soviet-backed communist state in the north and a pro-Western state in the south. The claim of sovereignty over the whole peninsula of Korea by both governments led to the Korean War in 1950 and temporary Peace in 1953was established with the interference of the Great Powers. Since the end of the Korean War, the aspiration for peace and the unification of the two Koreas has led to a lot of political evolutions on the Korean Peninsula. So the main question in the present paper is what was the role of the current President of South Korea, Moon Jae-in, in the Korean Peninsula Peace Initiative with regard to the context of the unification of the two Koreas?Moon Jae-in, in contrast to the policy of pervious presidents is trying to manage internal issues in Korea for trust building between two Koreas and North Korea and U.S, and fulfiling peace in Korean peninsula at the same time with Negotiations on disarmament between the United States and North Korea.This seems to be due to relating peninsula peace to nuclear disarmamnent and North Korea's concern of endangering its position in strategic rivalry with South Korea. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - A Comparative Study of Political Leadership Styles in North Korea and the United States (Case Study: Trump and Kim Jong UN)
mohammadbagher khorramshad soheil rajabi ali mohammadzadeh Ebrahim MotaghiOne of the important components in shaping the foreign policy of countries is the view and attitude of the agents of that country to the world. The macro-strategy of countries begins with their leaders' understanding of the international environment, their national MoreOne of the important components in shaping the foreign policy of countries is the view and attitude of the agents of that country to the world. The macro-strategy of countries begins with their leaders' understanding of the international environment, their national goals and interests, and the threats posed to the country. On January 20, 2017, Donald Trump was elected the 45th President of the United States. His approach to resolving the North Korean nuclear crisis has had its ups and downs. In the first year, Trump adopted a tough strategy against Pyongyang. The purpose of this article is to use a descriptive-analytical method to analyze the political leadership style of the two countries, the United States and North Korea, and to make a comparative comparison between the political leaders of the two countries (Trump and Kim Jong Un). The results of an analysis of Trump's leadership style and actions show that he had the least adherence to American political structures and principles. Some argue that Trump lacked a clear and predictable foreign policy. The fact is that although Trump did not have a clear and precise approach to foreign policy, and even his foreign policy team was not completely homogeneous, he himself, based on his leadership style, has a broad and consistent view of the world, politics. The United States's foreign policy and its cost-benefit interests in this area were also the basis of its major decisions and policies toward North Korea. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - A Comparative Study of Political Leadership Styles in North Korea and the United States (Case Study: Trump and Kim Jong UN)
mohammadbagher khorramshad soheil rajabi ali mohammadzadeh Ebrahim MotaghiOne of the important components in shaping the foreign policy of countries is the view and attitude of the agents of that country to the world. The macro-strategy of countries begins with their leaders' understanding of the international environment, their national goal MoreOne of the important components in shaping the foreign policy of countries is the view and attitude of the agents of that country to the world. The macro-strategy of countries begins with their leaders' understanding of the international environment, their national goals and interests, and the threats posed to the country. On January 20, 2017, Donald Trump was elected the 45th President of the United States. His approach to resolving the North Korean nuclear crisis has had its ups and downs. In the first year, Trump adopted a tough strategy against Pyongyang. The purpose of this article is to use a descriptive-analytical method to analyze the political leadership style of the two countries, the United States and North Korea, and to make a comparative comparison between the political leaders of the two countries (Trump and Kim Jong Un). The results of an analysis of Trump's leadership style and actions show that he had the least adherence to American political structures and principles. Some argue that Trump lacked a clear and predictable foreign policy. The fact is that although Trump did not have a clear and precise approach to foreign policy, and even his foreign policy team was not completely homogeneous, he himself, based on his leadership style, has a broad and consistent view of the world, politics. The United States’ foreign policy and its cost-benefit interests in this area were also the basis of its major decisions and policies toward North Korea. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - Risk Identification and Analysis Based on the Integrated Approach of PMBOK and RFMEA in Petrochemical Industry Projects
Masoud Najmi Hasan Mehrmanesh Nosratollah ShadnoushNowadays, as projects become more complex, uncertainty in the implementation of projects also increases. Project risk includes threats to project goals. Risk management is one of the main parts of strategic management of any project and includes processes through which MoreNowadays, as projects become more complex, uncertainty in the implementation of projects also increases. Project risk includes threats to project goals. Risk management is one of the main parts of strategic management of any project and includes processes through which risks related to activities can be identified methodically. The main purpose of this study is to identify and analyze risk, using the integrated approach of PMBOK and RFMEA methods in petrochemical industry projects. The statistical population consists of employer, contract management, engineering consultant, and contractors of the Kermanshah petrochemical industries company. Of whom 10 were selected for the qualitative part and 248 were selected for the quantitative part (regression analysis). Questionnaires were handed to the selected population. 220 of which, were filled out and returned acceptably. As a result, a total of 22 risks were identified as critical risks (with RPN of 1) and the role of management, organizational, and environmental factors in risk management was investigated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - بررسی رابطه بین برتری نیمکره های مغزی با سبکهای تفکر
حسن احدی سعیده اصلاح کار -
Open Access Article
101 - Enemyology and methods of interacting with enemies according to the Qur'an, hadiths and Imamiyah Jurisprudence
Isa Haghi Mostafa Rajaipour Hossein AhmariOne of the most important issues in human life is enemyology and an appropriate understanding of the strategies to deal successfully with the enemy. The Holy Qur'an has named six groups of enemies: "Satan and his companions", "Nafs-Amara (lasciviousness)", "some of wive MoreOne of the most important issues in human life is enemyology and an appropriate understanding of the strategies to deal successfully with the enemy. The Holy Qur'an has named six groups of enemies: "Satan and his companions", "Nafs-Amara (lasciviousness)", "some of wives and children", "infidels and polytheists", "some People of the Book, especially Jews" and "hypocrites". The Prophet, on the one hand, fought culturally and socially against idolatry, atheism, and hypocrisy in belief and practice, and the triangle of atheism, polytheism, and hypocrisy was also placed against him during his mission and did not give up any struggle against and monotheism. The current research aims to know the components of interaction with the enemy according to the Qur'an, hadiths and Imamiyah Jurisprudence. The research method is descriptive-analytical using library and documentary sources. The results of the research show that Holy Qur'an teaches us what special method we should use in confronting each of the enemies. In clearer words, it teaches Muslims the way to deal with Satan, Nafs-Amara, infidels, etc. separately, and also, it puts a special way to deal with every enemy's method. Among these methods are Faith and trust in God, abandoning sins, constant remembrance of God, seeking refuge in God, self-purification, fearing God and restraining the soul from whims and desires, surrendering oneself and affairs to God, cutting off all communication and friendship other than God, declaring a clear position of disliking them, cultural struggle through the Qur'an, religious insight and tolerance, interaction with the enemy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - Comparison of Explanatory Power of Carhart Four-Factor Model and Fama-French Five-Factor Model in Prediction of Expected Stock Returns
Hashem Hezbi Allahkaram SalehiThis study aims to compare explanatory power of Carhart four-factor model and Fama-French five-factor model in prediction of expected stock return in listed firms of Tehran Stock Exchange. To do this, a sample of 142 firms was selected from 2009 to 2013. In this study, MoreThis study aims to compare explanatory power of Carhart four-factor model and Fama-French five-factor model in prediction of expected stock return in listed firms of Tehran Stock Exchange. To do this, a sample of 142 firms was selected from 2009 to 2013. In this study, hypotheses from multiple regression approach were evaluated using panel data method. Results show that Fama-French five-factor model has more explanatory power than Carhart four-factor model in predicting firms' stock returns. Also, results indicate that adding two factors, profitability and investment, to three-factor model increases the model power in explanation of stock returns of firms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - Comparison of energy indices and CO2 greenhouse gas emission in irrigated and rainfed canola in northern region of Iran
Ali Motavali Saleh YasorEnergy consumption and global warming and followed by climate change from by human activity that has been noticed a lot of research. This study investigates the energy consumption and CO2 greenhouse gas emissions in production of irrigated and rainfed canola (Brassica n MoreEnergy consumption and global warming and followed by climate change from by human activity that has been noticed a lot of research. This study investigates the energy consumption and CO2 greenhouse gas emissions in production of irrigated and rainfed canola (Brassica napus) in northern region of Iran and output energy indices were estimated. Data were collected from farmers in Mazandaran and Golestan provinces by random sampling method in years 2016. The results of the study showed that input energy in rainfed farming in Mazandaran and Golestan were 29.49 and 28.77 GJ/h and input energy in irrigated farming in Mazandaran and Golestan was 33.52 and 34.10 GJ/ha was calculated. The energy output was calculated in raidfed farming in Mazandaran and Golestan were 88.4 and 90.3 GJ/h and output energy in irrigated Farming in Mazandaran and Golestan were 82.27 and 82.25 GJ/ha. The highest and lowest value of energy ratio was obtained in production of canola 3.07 and 2.41 in rainfed and irrigated in Golestan province, respectively. Also the rate of production Co2 greenhouse gas was calculated in rainfed farming in Mazandaran and Golestan were 41715.04 kg/ha and 39968.60 kg/ha and reat of production CO2 greenhouse gas in irrigated farming in Mazandaran and Golestan were 46180.11 and 45011.62 kg/ha. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - مدیریت جراحی یک مورد عدم تشکیل کولون در یک راس کره اسب نژاد دره شوری
فاطمه حیدری امیرحسام طرقبه حمیدرضا سیاهکوهی محمد شهرکی فتاح ایرانمنش محمد مهدی علومی احسان اله سخایی البرز میرزادهعدم تشکیل کولون یک اختلال مادرزادی نادر است که منجر به عدم توانایی دفع مدفوع در اوایل تولد می گردد. علایم کولیک ناشی از این ضایعه ۲۴ ساعت بعد از تولد شروع می گردد. به طور کلی روده های بزرگ شامل سکوم، کولون های بزرگ و کوچک بوده که کولون ها از جمله بخش های مهم درگیر در ای Moreعدم تشکیل کولون یک اختلال مادرزادی نادر است که منجر به عدم توانایی دفع مدفوع در اوایل تولد می گردد. علایم کولیک ناشی از این ضایعه ۲۴ ساعت بعد از تولد شروع می گردد. به طور کلی روده های بزرگ شامل سکوم، کولون های بزرگ و کوچک بوده که کولون ها از جمله بخش های مهم درگیر در این عارضه محسوب می شوند. فرضیه ی رایج پاتوژنز این عارضه بیشتر مربوط به اختلالات خون رسانی می باشد. در صورتی که کره قادر به دفع مدفوع در ساعات اولیه ی تولد نباشد می تواند یکی از علایم این عارضه باشد. عدم تشکیل کولون از طریق ارزیابی علایم بالینی و تصویربرداری تشخیصی میسر می گردد . پیش آگهی جراحی این عارضه ضعیف است. مطالعه حاضر به بررسی یک مورد عدم تشکیل کولون در یک راس کره اسب نر نژاد دره شوری با علاپم کولیک و احتباس مکونیوم می پردازد. پس از انجام معاینات اولیه عدم تشکیل بخشی از کولون فوقانی راست توسط لاپاراتومی تایید شد. در نهایت هم دهانی انتها به انتها بین باقیمانده کولون راست و عرضی به روش جراحی صورت گرفت. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - بررسی ساختارهای داخلی کره چشم به وسیله اولتراسونوگرافی در گوسفند سالم نژاد کردی
فواد سعدیهدف از انجام این مطالعه بدست آوردن پارامترهای آناتومی کره چشم در حالت طبیعی و سالم درگوسفند نژاد کردی به وسیله دستگاه اولتراسوند دوبعدی می باشد. چون در بیماری های مختلف همانند بیماری چشم صورتی در اثر التهاب حاصل از بیماری پارامترهای کره چشم دستخوش تغیی Moreهدف از انجام این مطالعه بدست آوردن پارامترهای آناتومی کره چشم در حالت طبیعی و سالم درگوسفند نژاد کردی به وسیله دستگاه اولتراسوند دوبعدی می باشد. چون در بیماری های مختلف همانند بیماری چشم صورتی در اثر التهاب حاصل از بیماری پارامترهای کره چشم دستخوش تغییراتی می شود. در این بررسی کره چشم 12 گوسفند با سن حدود 24-16 ماه از نژاد کردی به وسیله یافته های حاصل از امواج اولتراسوند مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. تصاویر حاصل از تحقیق به وسیله پروب خطی 12-8 مگا هرتزی به صورت طولی انجام گرفت. نتایج حاصله نشان داد که اندازه محور طولی کره چشم 0.3±24.3 میلیمتر، عمق اتاقک قدامی 0.16±3.1میلیمتر، عمق اتاقک زجاجیه 0.15±11.30میلیمتر، ضخامت دیواره شبکیه صلیبه ای 0.06±1.70میلیمتر، قطر عدسی0.25±9.65 و ضخامت قرنیه0.03±0.875میلیمترمی باشد. ابعاد مختلف اجزای کره جشم که در حالت طبیعی و سالم بدست آمد در یک جدول قراد داده شده تا دامپزشکان در بیماری های مختلف چشم با مقایسه اندازه ساختارهای داخلی کره چشم بیمار با اندازه ساختارها در حالت طبیعی و سالم بتوانند از آن به عنوان یک مرجع جهت تشخیص بیماری های چشم استفاده کنند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - ارزیابی حجم غده تیروئید کره اسب ها با استفاده از اولتراسونوگرافی
سیامک علیزاده آرش عراقی سوره کاوه عظیم زادهاولتراسونوگرافی از غده تیروئید برای ارزیابی اندازه آن یک روش غیر تهاجمی بوده که میتوان به وسیله آن افزایش اولیه در حجم این غده را در کره اسبهای زنده بررسی کرد. در این تحقیق سعی بر آن شد که یک روش استاندارد برای ارزیابی اندازه غده تیروئید با استفاده از اولتراسونوگرافی Moreاولتراسونوگرافی از غده تیروئید برای ارزیابی اندازه آن یک روش غیر تهاجمی بوده که میتوان به وسیله آن افزایش اولیه در حجم این غده را در کره اسبهای زنده بررسی کرد. در این تحقیق سعی بر آن شد که یک روش استاندارد برای ارزیابی اندازه غده تیروئید با استفاده از اولتراسونوگرافی به دست آوریم. برای این منظور 14 کره اسب از نژاد کردی که سن آنها بین 2 تا 90 روز بود انتخاب شدند. در هر یک از این کرهها اندازه غده تیروئید به روش اولترا سونوگرافی در سه محور استاندارد اندازه گیری گردید و حجم غده تیروئید با استفاده از فرمولی که برای اعضای بیضی شکل تعریف شده است محاسبه گردید .(VSON) تغییر پذیری اندازههای اولتراسونوگرافی وابسته به سمت و محور بوده و در محدوده 35/7 ـ 04/3 درصد بود. ارتباط بین وزن بدن واندازه تیروئید معنیدار بود. بطور کلی اندازه تیروئید کره اسبها را میتوان با ارزیابی اولتراسونوگرافیک در سه محور و مقایسه با مقادیر پیش بینی شده بر اساس وزن بدن محاسبه کرد. Manuscript profile -
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107 - سنتز و بررسی مکانیسم شکل گیری میکروکره های Fe2O3/C با استفاده از دوریزهای اکسیدی خط نورد به روش سولوترمال
حمید صفرزاده رضا ابراهیمی کهریزسنگی علی صفار تلوری -
Open Access Article
108 - The Effect of Temperature and pH on the Nano TiO2/Carbon Composite Microspheres Morphology Synthesized by Solvothermal Method
Alireza Khatibi Reza Ebrahimi kahrizsangi Majid Ghashang -
Open Access Article
109 - Introducing and Studying the Kholasatoshoara ( Botkhaneh ) , idol temple , Biography
Mohaddeseh FarrokhiAbstract One of the methods in paying attention in the existing identity of societies is collecting and editing of the manuscripts and precise programming to identify and introduce these works. Among the manuscripts, since som MoreAbstract One of the methods in paying attention in the existing identity of societies is collecting and editing of the manuscripts and precise programming to identify and introduce these works. Among the manuscripts, since some of the biographies have kept the names and addresses of their writers, and have been survived up to now, are of specific importance. The biography of Kholasatoshoara ( botkhaneh ) is a footnote which has been written to the miscellany of Botkhaneh. It has over four thousand stitches, a selection poetry of the ancient or contemporary poets which is collected by Mulla Mohammad Sufi Mazandarani in cooperation with Abdollatif Abbasi in 1010 A. H. and later Abdollatif Abbasi Gojarati , in addition to writing a preface to it, has added the biography of poets together with their contemporary kings and the sages in brief and has arranged it in two volumes called Kholasatoshoara. In this article, by introducing the biography and existing copies of it, we have tried to offer its stylistics specification from the view point of lingual, thought and rhetoric Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - تحلیل شروع سیلان در مخازن کروی جداره ضخیم FGتحت بارگذاریهمزمان فشاری و گرادیان دمایی
منصور عسگری علی پرویزی شهریار علی کرمیدر این مقاله، تحلیل شروع سیلان در مخازن کروی جداره ضخیم FG تحت تاثیر بارگذاری همزمان فشار داخلی و گرادیان دمایی ارائه شده است. طراحی مخازن جدارهضخیم کروی تحتفشار،به عنوان محفظه نگه­دارنده سیالات تحت بارهای حرارتی باگرادیانهای دمایی بالا نیازمند به راه­کا Moreدر این مقاله، تحلیل شروع سیلان در مخازن کروی جداره ضخیم FG تحت تاثیر بارگذاری همزمان فشار داخلی و گرادیان دمایی ارائه شده است. طراحی مخازن جدارهضخیم کروی تحتفشار،به عنوان محفظه نگه­دارنده سیالات تحت بارهای حرارتی باگرادیانهای دمایی بالا نیازمند به راه­کاری جدید است. تحت فشار داخلی زیاد و دمای بالا، مخزن در بخشی از ضخامت خود وارد محدوده پلاستیک می­شود؛ لذا، برای طراحی مخزن بررسی فشار و گرادیان دمایی که موجب شروع سیلان می­شود نیاز است. مدول الاستیسیته، تنش تسلیم، ضریب هدایت گرمایی و ضریب انبساط حرارتی به صورت تدریجی و طبق مدل توانی و در راستای شعاعی تغییر می­کنند. برای توصیف رفتار ماده در ناحیه پلاستیک در کره جدار ضخیم FG تحت فشار داخلی و گرادیان دمایی، از معیار تسلیم ترسکا استفاده شده ورفتار مواد به صورت الاستیک- پلاستیک کامل فرض شده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - evaluation genetic diversity to resistant genotypes of drought stress in durum wheat with using SSR molecular markers.
seyed saeed noorinia Shahab SadatTo evaluated of efficiency of selection by markers (MAS). 20 genotypes durum wheat was conducted as a split plot design in randomized complete block are planted and yield components calculated. Also in molecular level of 20 pair starter (SSR) to study genetic diversity MoreTo evaluated of efficiency of selection by markers (MAS). 20 genotypes durum wheat was conducted as a split plot design in randomized complete block are planted and yield components calculated. Also in molecular level of 20 pair starter (SSR) to study genetic diversity between varieties and determine genotypes tolerant to drought stress was used. After extraction of DNA and appointment that quantity and quality polymerase chain reaction took place in the touch down method. In total 58 allele of the 20 locus was detected. The largest allele detected belonged to the Xgwm610, and Xbarc108 with 4 allele and the lowest with 2 allele was reserved markers Xgwm413, Xgdm132, Xwmc48, Xbarc40, Xbarc121, Xgwm375. Average allele produced for each locus in this research is 2/9. Rating and length of the parts produced using the software UVDOC was specified. Similarity matrix, the cluster analysis in UPMMA method and draw dendrogram using NTSYS software took. Standard correlation coefficient of cophentic calculated and the number of 0/86 was obtained. Dendrogram represent 2 cluster of quite distinct. In one cluster the number of genotypes 1, 2, 15, 16, 20, 13, 3, 4, 19, 8, 12, 7, 9, 5, 14 and in another cluster the number of 6, 18, 10, 17, 11 are placed. Genotypes of 5 and 14 of higher stress tolerance index than other varieties. The result showed multiple allele trait a phenomenon quite usual and common in markers (SSR) continuity of trait or could be effect of the multiple genes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - Molecular analysis and reduction of mycotoxin deoxynivalenol to 3-acetyl form in 20 durum wheat cultivars of Khuzestan through PCR technique and determination of AYT1 resistance gene
Seyed Saeed Noorinia neda baghestaniAbstract:This study was conducted to evaluate the response of 20 durum wheat cultivars native to Khuzestan, available in the collection of the grain research department of the Seed and Plant Breeding Research Institute, to Fusarium blight during the two cropping years 2 MoreAbstract:This study was conducted to evaluate the response of 20 durum wheat cultivars native to Khuzestan, available in the collection of the grain research department of the Seed and Plant Breeding Research Institute, to Fusarium blight during the two cropping years 2016-2017 and 2018-2019 in field conditions in two regions. Different, Khuzestan, with two climatic conditions, was implemented. The studied traits included infected clusters, spikelet infestation, seed infestation, cluster density, plant height and biological yield. Cluster analysis was used to measure and determine genetic distances and pattern diversity in wheat Fusarium resistance components of wheat. Evaluation of experimental masses using sporulation method in the field showed that most of the studied masses have a good resistance to the disease in terms of the mean disease index. The cause of resistance seems to have a genetic basis and is related to the presence of type I resistance in them. Twenty durum wheat cultivars can be used as disease-resistant parents in crosses related to wheat breeding programs. The results showed that AYT1 gene is expressed as resistant gene in wheat cultivars. Using PCR technique and SSR molecular markers in this study in order to amplify a single copy or small copies of a DNA fragment with a specific sequence of thousands or millions of copies, to achieve the genetic nature of cultivars, this method can be used as a method. Introduced for the multiplication of resistant genes in this study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - International Negotiation as an Intercultural Communication
hasan bashir mohamadsadegh esmaeili hosaein sarafraz In this article, the subject-matter is how culture affects the international negotiation. While exploring the very concept, we attempt to extract a usable definition in this field. in the next step, this paper tries to explain the interc More In this article, the subject-matter is how culture affects the international negotiation. While exploring the very concept, we attempt to extract a usable definition in this field. in the next step, this paper tries to explain the intercultural communication based on significant cultural differences, according to our approach, that is the negotiation as an intercultural communication. Therefore, we describe the cultural approach in the international and foreign relations and try to demonstrate that those are some constructions of variety of nation-states’ cultures as actors in international relations scene. In the next part, the issue of negotiation is stated as a current communicative process in international relations, while describing the process form and its content and the other various view-points in social sciences to it. Then we address the interaction between culture and negotiation by explaining variety of different cultural levels and elements that the very interaction influenced and engaged. Consequently, we focus on Iranian culture and its effect on negotiation based on Shmuel Bar`s study about Iranian culture and negotiate with Iranians in Herzliya public diplomacy document, the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran and doctrines included in imam Khomeini`s commands as well.We introduce a model for any actor engaged in the negotiation process influenced by cultural context. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - Comparative study of cultural elements affecting on the socio-economic development in Iran and South Korea with emphasis on Current religions in both countries
ZAHRA hazrahi someeh mozhgan ghasemaliRituals and religions in every country, rich in teachings and cultural elements of diverse areas of life, including work and economic activity to earn a livelihood for their followers. Since according to statistical data, the followers of Christianity, Buddhism and Conf MoreRituals and religions in every country, rich in teachings and cultural elements of diverse areas of life, including work and economic activity to earn a livelihood for their followers. Since according to statistical data, the followers of Christianity, Buddhism and Confucianism in South Korea and Islam in Iran constitute the largest number of people, in this study using documentary method and theories of Max Weber, cultural elements related to economic and social development that is implicit in these religions are to be examined. In conclusion, it can be stated that South Korean cultural elements related to economic development, including: discipline, rationality, participation, non-fatalism, scientism, law orientation, work ethic, sense of ability of the authorities and people in the achievement of development, the spirit of accumulation of capital and so on, are internalized through teachings of various regulations and religions in individuals and also made it possible achieve to economic development. While in Iran, despite the emphasis of Islam religion, because of the historical and social conditions prevailing in the country, the suitable cultural elements of development is not internalized among individuals, so we are witnessing the slow progress of economic. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - The Evaluation of Thyroid Gland Volume in the Foals by Ultrasonography
siamak alizadeh abbas veshkini kaveh azimzadehUltrasonography of the thyroid gland is a non-invasive method for evaluating its size, which can be used to examine the initial increase in the volume of the gland in live foals. In this study, it is tried to be a standard method for measuring the extent of the thyroid MoreUltrasonography of the thyroid gland is a non-invasive method for evaluating its size, which can be used to examine the initial increase in the volume of the gland in live foals. In this study, it is tried to be a standard method for measuring the extent of the thyroid gland using ultrasonography to obtain. For this purpose, 14 Kurdish foals were selected which the age of those was between 2 and 90 days. In each of the foals, the size of the thyroid gland was measured with ultrasonographic method of three standardized axes and the volume of the thyroid gland using a formula that is defined for the oval was calculated (VSON). Variability of sonographic measurements was dependent on side and axis, and ranged between 3.04-7.35 percent. The relationship between body weight and thyroid volume was significant. Generally, the thyroid size of the foals can be calculated by evaluating ultrasonography in three axes and comparing with predicted values based on body weight. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - Analyzing the Determinant Factors in the Military Balance of the Korean Peninsula
Hossein Shahmoradi Mohammad Hasan SheikholeslamiKorean Peninsula as an ancient and strategic land, is the place of one of the most complex and difficult riddles of the international scene and factors such as the persistence of war condition due to non-signing of a peace treaty and consent to a fragile cease fire, the MoreKorean Peninsula as an ancient and strategic land, is the place of one of the most complex and difficult riddles of the international scene and factors such as the persistence of war condition due to non-signing of a peace treaty and consent to a fragile cease fire, the continuous confrontational approach of the United States toward North Korea and its attempts to overthrow the North Korean government have made the military situation of Korean Peninsula more and more complicated. Therefore, the whole Northeast Asian region has also been affected. Meanwhile, this long-standing hostility has created several military alliances between the two Korea and global and regional powers, which in turn has a significant impact on the regional balance of power. In such a situation, the rising tensions between North Korea and the United States from the beginning of Donald Trump presidency and the accretion of threats and provocations from both sides, highlights the need for a thorough examination of the military situation on the Korean Peninsula. Research evidences suggest that in many factors, especially in quantitative terms, North Korea has a significant advantage over its southern neighbor, But South Korea has been able to significantly improve the quality of its military forces due to its military alliance with the United States. Nonetheless, factors such as unconventional weapons and missiles and also nuclear power make any conflict on the Korean Peninsula extremely dangerous. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - Comparison Between Iran & North Korea's Nuclear Program & The Manner of Meeting International Atomic Energy Agency & Security Regime NPT With Both Countries
Saeed Karimi kesheh Seyyed Abdolali Ghavam Alireza Moussavizadeh Mehdi Zakerian AmiriIn the last two decades, Iran and North Korea’s nuclear program has Become one of the most important global issues.The two countries Nuclear case has been one of the biggest security challenges the International community has ever faced.The common goal of the majo MoreIn the last two decades, Iran and North Korea’s nuclear program has Become one of the most important global issues.The two countries Nuclear case has been one of the biggest security challenges the International community has ever faced.The common goal of the major Powers against Iran and North Korea is to dismantle the nuclear Approach.But the strategies to achieve this goal are selective and Contradictory.At the same time,the role of the International Atomic Energy Agency is very crucial and complex.Given this,the main Question of this study is what is the IAEA’s performance is light of the Provisions of the NPT’s security regime vis-à-vis Iran and North Korea’s nuclear program? In seeking to find an appropriate answer to this question,the authors of This article,using “International Security Regime Theory”,have attempted to describe and explain the IAEA,s performance in relation to Its nuclear program despite Iranian cooperation and compliance.The NPT,s security regime and North Korea’s non cooperation with and exit From the regime have not been in line with the IAEA’s and NPT’s Statutes,and are highly discriminatory,with complexity influenced by the Economic and strategic influence and interests of major powers such as The us,china and Russia. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - امکانسنجی قابلیت برجام به عنوان الگوی حل و فصل اختلافات هستهای
mostafa amiri Homayoun Habibi -
Open Access Article
119 - The effect of brain hemispheres, nutrition and spiritual remembrance on the school of pragmatism and Ibn Sinai
hamidreza saremi manesh seyedeh esmat rasouli Vahid FallahThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of brain hemispheres, nutrition and spiritual remembrance on the school of pragmatism and Ibn Sinaei. The research method was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation in terms of data collection method. MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of brain hemispheres, nutrition and spiritual remembrance on the school of pragmatism and Ibn Sinaei. The research method was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of the study was all primary school students in Sabzevar, which was about 24,000 people in 100 public schools in the year 1398. Multi-stage random sampling method and statistical sample size based on all SEM experts (343 people) and considering the 20% probability of drop in the number of samples, 350 people were considered and analyzed. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. In the present study, the validity of content and structure was used to determine the validity of the questionnaires; also, in order to measure the reliability, Cronbach's alpha coefficient and combined reliability were used, and the findings indicated the reliability and validity of the measuring instrument. The collected data obtained from the distribution of the questionnaire in two descriptive and inferential sections (structural equations) were analyzed using Spss22 and Amos software. Findings showed that the results of the study showed that: Hemispheres of the brain, nutrition, remembrance and the Qur'an are effective in improving the evolutionary processes of the brain by relying on the school of pragmatism and Ibn Sina. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - Oral narratives regarding the story of Goshtasb in Shahnameh
Pegah KhadishThe story of Goshtasb’s journey to the Roman Empire and his marriage with Katayun, a Byzantine princess in Shahnameh is one of the stories that is strongly continued its literary life in the oral culture of Iranians. What has been Ferdowsi’s source to narrat MoreThe story of Goshtasb’s journey to the Roman Empire and his marriage with Katayun, a Byzantine princess in Shahnameh is one of the stories that is strongly continued its literary life in the oral culture of Iranians. What has been Ferdowsi’s source to narrate this story is not clearly known however in nearly all general history books written in Farsi after shahnameh this story is present. In this regard what exists today with variety of narrations among the Iranian ethnic groups is a story called Seapony and in the international tale-type index it is classified under type 314. Although there are minor differences with the Shahnameh narrative, this story has kept many of its structural and semantic characteristics. Since the most ancient international written narratives dates back to the twelfth century, Ferdowsi’s narrative takes precedence over them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - Frequency Analysis of themes in the third Book of Masnavi
Mohammad Navid BazarganMasnavi is a grand oeuvre filled with a variety of meanings and multiplicity of ideas that drowns and bewilders the reader in the perpetual turbulence of its waves. For this reason and for the repeated hesitation and reflection of the reader in every turn of the c MoreMasnavi is a grand oeuvre filled with a variety of meanings and multiplicity of ideas that drowns and bewilders the reader in the perpetual turbulence of its waves. For this reason and for the repeated hesitation and reflection of the reader in every turn of the couplets of Masnavi, the main directions of thought and the general purpose of the book remains usually hidden and the reader is incapable of grasping the grand thoughts of this literary masterpiece. In this article attempt is made to first specify the themes in the third book of Masnavi, using the frequency analysis approach, and second to present schematically anecdotes employed by the poet in the form of interconnected lyrics to induce one common theme and finally to analyze the results drawn from them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - The study of reason and its subgroups in the fourth Book of Masnavi
Mahbubeh Golmohammadi mohammad navid bazarganThe fourth Book of Masnavi like other five Books in a series is filled to the brim with variety of themes. It is known that in each Book there are thousands of concepts hidden in phrases and Moulana’s stream of consciousness constantly vacillates from one co MoreThe fourth Book of Masnavi like other five Books in a series is filled to the brim with variety of themes. It is known that in each Book there are thousands of concepts hidden in phrases and Moulana’s stream of consciousness constantly vacillates from one concept to the other. The reader of this great voluminous book is usually lost in between its profound verses and in the labyrinths of Masnavi’s anecdotes and cannot follow Moulana’s fleeting mind and seldom finds time to cast a look from the above at Masnavi. The attempt has been made in this article to analyze the content and the themes of the fourth Book of Masnavi in terms of frequency using the holistic approach in order to present the most significant and dominant thoughts in this Book. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - Qualitative Study of the Attitudes of Female Youths and Adolescents Adherent to South Korean Entertainment Industry Products
Leila Ebrahimi Varzaneh Elham FathiThe present research was purposed to qualitatively study the female youths and adolescent’s attitude who were adherent to South Korean entertainment industry products. The statistical population subsumed the female youths and adolescents who were adherent to South Korea MoreThe present research was purposed to qualitatively study the female youths and adolescent’s attitude who were adherent to South Korean entertainment industry products. The statistical population subsumed the female youths and adolescents who were adherent to South Korean entertainment industry products in Tehran city. The sample until reaching theoretical saturation encompassed eleven female adolescents and youths aged 13 to 22 whom were selected via purposive sampling procedure. The research method was qualitative of contractual content analysis type and semi-structured interviews were used. The results of the research revealed that new media have become the cause of changes in identity building institutions and the media have changed the meaning-making factors of identity. The influence of the media in the formation of the identity and attitude of female youths and adolescents is significant in relation to the way their identity is influenced by the South Korean entertainment industry. Also, during exploratory interviews with the participants, 5 main themes and 24 sub-themes were extracted. The extracted themes included distance from the Iranian self and identity, critical attitude about the cultural, social, economic, and gender situation in Iran, idealism, imitation and feeling close to South Korean entertainment industry artists, lifestyle change, and group identity formation. The findings of this study could provide useful information to media policymakers, mental health professionals, and sociologists to be effective in forming the identity and attitude of young Iranian females. Manuscript profile
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