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Open Access Article
1 - A comparative review of how development plans can be realized with an environmental sustainability approach
behnaz rahimi حسین زینتی seyyd amir hossein Garkani sajjad amiriIn this research, we will analyze the comparative review of development plans with a sustainable approach and look for the emergence of new solutions and development models that are in sync with short-term and long-term goals and help communities and the environment. Th MoreIn this research, we will analyze the comparative review of development plans with a sustainable approach and look for the emergence of new solutions and development models that are in sync with short-term and long-term goals and help communities and the environment. This method should be used to formulate how to realize the sustainability of the rural environment with an aesthetic approach and to identify the process and related components. The statistical population of this systematic study includes all published research articles in the field of environmental sustainability and development plans of rural areas, resulting from quantitative and qualitative studies. It has been objective reality. The review of previous research shows the weakness of the existing frameworks in relation to the realization of the rural identity based on the aesthetic approach. The purpose of this research is how to realize rural identity with a systematic review approach. The current research is fundamental in terms of its purpose, and with the approach of a systematic review of the literature related to the components of rural identity, landscape and aesthetics between the years 2000 and 2022, using 3 specific keywords and a clear and pre-designed strategy, from 5 databases. Information was collected. After screening and qualitative assessment, the final analysis was done on 37 articles. On the other hand, the meta-analysis method requires the identification of the relationship between the components, which depends on the knowledge of the components. The realization of environmental sustainability in rural development plans requires economic, social and environmental coordination that preserves natural resources, reduces pollution and ensures the quality of life of local people. These goals can be achieved by cooperation between the government, local community and environmental organizations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Explaining the process of merging villages to cities in warm and dry climate of Iran
Mohammad Mehdi Azizi Esfandiar Zebardast Reza AkbariIn recent decades, urban exogenous development has led to unilateral but multidimensional movement in the physical, social, cultural and economic fields to the surrounding villages which forms the merger and encounter of urban-rural systems and creates pre-urbanization. MoreIn recent decades, urban exogenous development has led to unilateral but multidimensional movement in the physical, social, cultural and economic fields to the surrounding villages which forms the merger and encounter of urban-rural systems and creates pre-urbanization. In this process, the villages in pre-urban interface gradually adopt urban features and merge into it insofar are known as a part of the city. The merging villages to city in warm and dry climate regions has occurred frequently due to the proximity of villages to the city through shared traditional water networks in Iran (Qanat) and created different types of urban-rural areas in the cities. To answer this question that what steps are being taken in the process of merging villages to city, the general process of merging villages to city has formulated in this research. This process is based on the three stages including " start merging "(Creating transformation and transition areas between the city and villages), " degree of merging " (Complete, slow and incomplete transmutation) and " merging effects ". This process is elaborated in case studies include Yazd, Kerman and Kashan (selecting middle cities in warm and dry climates among a plurality of samples) and Ultimately, a special process of merging villages to city in warm and dry climate cities is produced. To convert the general process of merging into specific one in a warm and dry climate, the first step is typology of variety urban-rural areas and recognizing specific features of any one. Accordingly, in case studies analysis and evaluation, three urban- rural species including urban type (with dominant urban characteristics), urban-rural type (with both rural and urban characteristics) and rural type (with dominant rural characteristics) are achieved by using the cluster analysis and k- means method based on three factors. These factors are “physical oriented", " community oriented " and "natural oriented ". The results of the general process of merging analysis indicate that the degree of merging villages in the city (second step of the merging process) is determined Based on "rural location in the city", "type of development" and the mutual relationship between "population density", "area" and "construction density". It also shows that Environmental inequalities are formed in the first step, where Created a transition area that has directly proportional to the distance from the city and established push-pull forces based on the exchange, interaction and contrast forces between the city and villages, and in the second step, degree of merging villages in the city, fixed by battle of pull-push forces. Finally, by presenting a special process of merging villages in the cities of warm and dry climate, the level of environmental inequalities in types is presented. Study of the process of merging villages to the city is a new and effective action to achieving the root causes of inequalities and planning for them, which ultimately can provide a well-defined framework for investigation and analyzing past, existing and future rural-urban trends in the city in order to develop them more sustainable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Assessment of Influential Components in Vernacular Housing Architecture of Villages in the Gilan Plain
Hesam Fathi Saqalaksari Neda Sadat Sahragard Monfared Seyed Abbas Yazdanfar -
Open Access Article
4 - Social Capital and Social Banking: Drawing Relationships and Explaining the Effects on Sustainable Rural/Nomadic Development
Karim Mirzakhani Mehrdad Navabakhsh Abdolreza AdhamiThe main aim of this study was to know the impact of bank facility payment with social banking approach on sustainable rural and nomadic development through the mediation of social capital. The research method was quantitative and the tool used was a researcher-made que MoreThe main aim of this study was to know the impact of bank facility payment with social banking approach on sustainable rural and nomadic development through the mediation of social capital. The research method was quantitative and the tool used was a researcher-made questionnaire, and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient obtained for the research variables was above 0.70. The statistical population was the recipients of the facilities from the branches of the Cooperative Development Bank, which was selected by the multi-stage cluster sampling method of five provinces, and the recipients of the banking facilities were studied as a sample from the selected provinces. To analyze the data, dispersion indices and structural equation modeling were used, and the results of the research showed that the banking facilities of the Cooperative Bank with the social banking approach have an effect and findings in the process of sustainable rural and nomadic development, and social capital also supports this issue. Facilitates. Therefore, it can be concluded that in order to pay attention to sustainable rural and nomadic development with the components of economic sustainability, environmental sustainability and social sustainability, pay attention to the three components of social banking, that is; profit, people and environment and the five components of social capital, that is; Social awareness, social participation, social network, social cohesion and social trust are important. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Development Programs and its Consequences on the Occupational Structure of Rural Iran (1956 to 2006)
Adel Abdollahi Valiollah Rostamalizadeh -
Open Access Article
6 - Poverty, Vulnerability and Development (Case of Study: The Garmsar and Dasht-e Azadegan Villages)
Mostafa Azkia -
Open Access Article
7 - Assessment and analysis of effective factors on firewood and charcoal smuggling in local communities of the central Zagros, Ilam Province
Ali Mahdavi Majid Gholamhosseini Mohamad SalavarziApproximately, 30 percent of rural residents of Ilam County and Holeilan division are engaged in smuggling firewood and preparing charcoal alongside agricultural and livestock activities. Such activities of smuggling firewood and preparing charcoal are the main causes o MoreApproximately, 30 percent of rural residents of Ilam County and Holeilan division are engaged in smuggling firewood and preparing charcoal alongside agricultural and livestock activities. Such activities of smuggling firewood and preparing charcoal are the main causes of the cutting of trees and deforestation in these areas. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting firewood smuggling and charcoal production in the local communities of Ilam County and Holeilan district and to survey the status of charcoal in the livelihood and income of the villagers in the study area. In this study, the data were collected through a library study and a questionnaire. In the interview section, the attitudes and factors affecting charcoal production were investigated by directly communicating with the studied households. According to the results of factor analysis and examination of items (variables) related to each factor and their factor loadings, three economic-social, legal, and cultural-social factors were identified. The results of factor analysis showed that the first factor (socio-economic) with a specific value of 7.45 had the highest share (62.15%) and the third factor (socio-cultural) with a specific value of 1.15 had the lowest share (9.63%) in total variance explanation. The results of the investigations regarding the status of coal mining in the livelihood system of the studied households showed that each charcoal mining household in the area of Ilam city had 10,800,000 Rials and in Helilan district 11,400,000 Rials on average from the sale of coal in 2019. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Effective Factors on Management and Sustainable Development of the Villages at Ahmadabad Watershed of Mashhad County, Iran
Mahdi Kolahi fateme SeyediRurality and Ruralism are the new approaches to rural issues that have been taken into consideration in recent years to improve the viability of villages, conserve biological sustainability, and reduce immigration. The main objective of the research is to investigate ef MoreRurality and Ruralism are the new approaches to rural issues that have been taken into consideration in recent years to improve the viability of villages, conserve biological sustainability, and reduce immigration. The main objective of the research is to investigate effective factors on sustainable rurality. The case study was the villages at Ahmadabad watershed of Mashhad County, Iran. By using Cochran's formula, sample households were systematic randomly surveyed by questionnaires. According to the results, social, cultural, economic, welfare, political, and natural components have different effects on the quantity and quality of the rurality. Based on the results, natural and policy factors are the highest and the lowest factors, respectively. In order to increase rurality, these findings emphasize the importance of natural ecosystems and highlight the need for a revision of development policies. Therefore, planning to improve the status of natural ecosystems, revise rural development policies, and provide insights into sociological factors are among the suggested strategies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Investigating the effects and role of non-formal education courses in sustainable rural development Case study: Ahmadabad village, Takht-e Soleiman section of Takab city
mohamad sadegh oliaeeAchieving sustainable rural development is not feasible without changing attitudes and intellectual and cultural transformation in a country unless comprehensive training is provided in various areas of jobs in rural areas as well as different styles of the training pro MoreAchieving sustainable rural development is not feasible without changing attitudes and intellectual and cultural transformation in a country unless comprehensive training is provided in various areas of jobs in rural areas as well as different styles of the training process to develop human resources. In addition, its all-encompassing situations should be well recognized, and the necessary coordination should be made between formal and non-formal education, which are considered as the two main components and the basis of learning and development. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects and role of non-formal education courses in the sustainable development of rural areas of Ahmadabad rural district of Takab city. The research method used in this research is a combination of documentary and survey methods, and data collection has been done by using direct face-to-face interview techniques and questionnaires. The statistical population of the study is done according to the rules of random sampling and includes residents of six villages of the Ahmadabad rural district. One-sample t-test and regression analysis were used to analyze the relationships between variables. The results show that in the regression fitting model, the coefficient of determination was equal to (0.843), and at the level of 99% was significant, which indicates the positive effect of informal education on the dimensions of independent variables of the research. Values of ß are economic (0.776), social (0.177), and environmental (0.058). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Investigating the Effects and Role of Non-formal Education Courses in Sustainable Rural Development (Case study: Ahmadabad Village, Takht-e Soleiman Eection of Takab City)
Mohammad Sadeq OliaieAchieving sustainable rural development is not feasible without changing attitudes and intellectual and cultural transformation in a country unless comprehensive training is provided in various areas of jobs in rural areas as well as different styles of the training pro MoreAchieving sustainable rural development is not feasible without changing attitudes and intellectual and cultural transformation in a country unless comprehensive training is provided in various areas of jobs in rural areas as well as different styles of the training process to develop human resources. In addition, its all-encompassing situations should be well recognized, and the necessary coordination should be made between formal and non-formal education, which are considered as the two main components and the basis of learning and development. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects and role of non-formal education courses in the sustainable development of rural areas of Ahmadabad rural district of Takab city. The research method used in this research is a combination of documentary and survey methods, and data collection has been done by using direct face-to-face interview techniques and questionnaires. The statistical population of the study is done according to the rules of random sampling and includes residents of six villages of the Ahmadabad rural district. One-sample t-test and regression analysis were used to analyze the relationships between variables. The results show that in the regression fitting model, the coefficient of determination was equal to (0.843), and at the level of 99% was significant, which indicates the positive effect of informal education on the dimensions of independent variables of the research. Values of ß are economic (0.776), social (0.177), and environmental (0.058). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - The Study of Economic, Socio-Cultural and Environmental Effects of Tourists’ Entrance to Kahman’s Rural Areas from Selseleh Province
Seyed Ahmad Firouzabadi Hamid Hasanvand -
Open Access Article
12 - An Analysis on the Villagers’ Social Participation Approach in Sustainable Rural Development Programs with Emphasis on Rural Community in Iran
Mohammad Sadeagh Oliaei -
Open Access Article
13 - The Analysis Geographical Spaces’ Inequality of Development among Iran’s Central Rural Regions
Massoud Mahdavi Yaghoub Zarei Mahdi Rahmanian Koushkaki Asma Rakhshani -
Open Access Article
14 - Analysis of the effect of desert tourism on rural areas, Case Study: Rural Areas of Jarghouyeh Olya and Bon Rood of Isfahan Township
nargis vazin hamid barghi mohammad tabatabaeeThe study evaluates effects of desert tourism on sustainable development of rural areas. The study is of descriptive-analytical . The method for data collection is literature review and survey (questionnaire). The statistical population of the study was consisted of hos MoreThe study evaluates effects of desert tourism on sustainable development of rural areas. The study is of descriptive-analytical . The method for data collection is literature review and survey (questionnaire). The statistical population of the study was consisted of host community (rural households), with a sample size of 5540 households in the studied areas. The questionnaires were analyzed using the statistical software of SPSS. For analysis of data and testing of hypothesis used statistical tests of one sample T-test and factor analysis. In addition, its validity is 0.73. The impact of desert tourism on sustainable rural development in the study area analyzed by using of factor analysis and 29 variables, that variables reduced to four factors. The first factor as economic development with variance of 30.61 percent was recognized as the most important factor, that it was affected by desert tourism in rural areas in the studied area. The explanation of the relationship between desert ecotourism and sustainable rural development, the result showed the development of desert ecotourism with a coefficient of 0.621 on economic development, with a coefficient of 0.521 on social development, and with a coefficient of 0.304 on physical-environmental development affected in villages in the studied area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - The Role of Entrepreneurial Women in economic Development(Case Study: khoramrod Rural District of Tuyserkan City)
moslem bashirahsan rebaz ghorbaninejadThe participation of women in all aspects of economic life is one of the most important factors in achieving sustainable economic development of rural areas and for that, consider as a fundamental necessity. Accordingly, this article studies the role of women entreprene MoreThe participation of women in all aspects of economic life is one of the most important factors in achieving sustainable economic development of rural areas and for that, consider as a fundamental necessity. Accordingly, this article studies the role of women entrepreneurs in rural economic development emphatically on Khoramroud rural district of Tuyserkan city. Research data have been collected by questionnaire and field studies of twenty villages of Khoramroud rural district. After that, the data have been analyzed by descriptive-analytical methodology, field survey and using of Spearman Test. Results anf findings show that the participation of entrepreneur women of Khoramroud rural district has provided the economic development of that area, increase of occupation and revenue along with growth of investment and facilities. Nevertheless, this phenomenon has not caused sustainable economic revival and enrichment with long-term economic diversification of that rural district. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Building second homes and its impact on the stable, unstable rural settlements Case Study (Shamiran QasranRudbar)
khaled alipoor محمد ظاهریWith the development of urbanization and industrialization of countries establishing second homes in rural areas and good weather for wide spread around the big cities. This phenomenon in different dimensions (economic, social, environmental and structural) has affected MoreWith the development of urbanization and industrialization of countries establishing second homes in rural areas and good weather for wide spread around the big cities. This phenomenon in different dimensions (economic, social, environmental and structural) has affected the rural areas. Therefore, this study is a descriptive - analytical seeks to create effects on stability and instability in rural settlement second homes QasranRudbar the city Shamiran studied. To achieve this goal, first using a questionnaire that included the variables of economic, social and environmental - physical had been set. Then its validity by experts and its reliability was assessed by Kvrnbakh alpha. As well as sampling (Cochran method) 250questionnaires were distributed among the people to answer the research question. Finally, to analyze data collected by questionnaire, EXCEL, SPSS and factor analysis test was used. The results show that the spread of second homes in the studied area in the Villa building and economic and social aspects of sustainability and environmental causes - physical has led to instability. The most important factor of instability in the region is the contamination of soil and water resources and climate. Finally, to improve the status quo are a few suggestions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Impact of Tourism of Second Homes on Sustainability and Rural Development with Emphasis on Human Development Indicators, Case Study of Damavand Village Villages
efat khoshnood Masoud Mahdavi Esmaiel GhaderiThe concept of human development is the extension of the process of selecting individuals, and it is argued that the main purpose of development is to promote the true creation of man and to improve the quality of life of individuals. On the other hand, in the last two MoreThe concept of human development is the extension of the process of selecting individuals, and it is argued that the main purpose of development is to promote the true creation of man and to improve the quality of life of individuals. On the other hand, in the last two decades, with the prosperity of urbanization and the desire to travel, rural tourism and residence in the countryside has been accelerated and given the nature of the tourism phenomenon of the second homes as part of the rural tourism industry, the development of socio-cultural changes alongside Economic and environmental changes in rural areas that face many challenges and inequalities such as rural-urban migration, poverty, lack of facilities for a decent living, is inevitable. The purpose of the present research is to find the answer to the question of whether tourism in the second homes has an impact on the sustainability and human development of rural areas. And in the event of impact, has increased and improved which indicators of human development in the villages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - The role of rural cities in regional balancing Case Study: Town of Vahidieh in the City of Shahriar
Homaira Mahdibigy Masoud Mahdavi HajiloueePopulation concentration in developing countries has brought about numerousproblems in large cities. Among those problems we can mention populationcongestion, migration, housing deficiencies, unemployment, environmentaldegeneration, etc.Accordingly, regional and urban a MorePopulation concentration in developing countries has brought about numerousproblems in large cities. Among those problems we can mention populationcongestion, migration, housing deficiencies, unemployment, environmentaldegeneration, etc.Accordingly, regional and urban analysts have started paying attention to thedevelopment of small and medium size towns as an essential solution for dealing withthe imbalance originated from development of prime cities.In this study, we have assessed, analyzed and examined Vahidieh's urbanizationprocess as well as that of Shahriar area as a sample of Tehran Province towns andcities before and after this occurance. Variables studied are population, occupancy,educational-cultural facilities, political-administrational, telecommunications,commercial and service providing facilities. Analysis of the data acquired from thestudy through statistical models - entropy coefficient, elasticity coefficient, MorrisDevelopment Index, parabolic-sectional variation analysis model – has been assessedand evaluated. Results derived from statistical models show that the urbanizationprocess of Vahidieh has not had desirable effects in balancing distribution ofpopulation and establishment of settlements throughout the area, stabilization of thepopulation, prosperity of solar rural sections, and growth of agricultural sectiontherefore being unsuccessful in that regard. Despite the fact that at some period,growth of industrial section in the city of Shahriar and in Tehran has had positiveeffects on population growth due to low cost of housing for people who have mostlybeen service and industrial laborers.Ultimately, the overall results drawn from this study reveal that urbanization ofVahidieh has not had an effective role in the development process of rural outskirts.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Some guidelines for sustainable rural developments with emphasis on applied Geography
علیرضا EstelajiFrom the view point of applied geography, the programming of the “rural sustainabledevelopment” is a process through wich all the environmental, economic, social andphysical factors are so internally integrated and adaptable with the climatic conditions.Havi MoreFrom the view point of applied geography, the programming of the “rural sustainabledevelopment” is a process through wich all the environmental, economic, social andphysical factors are so internally integrated and adaptable with the climatic conditions.Having this perspective in mind, we can claim that the rural regions lake thesustainability needed for geographical zones. Therefore, it is considered essential that athorough and extensive programming for sustainable development should be designedand well accomplished with regards to both regional biological factors and also thesystematic concepts toghether with environmental-conceptual and behavioralgeography.In this respect, an analytical essay has been complied and prepared focusing on theexisting sustainable rural developments throughout the country (IRAN), with somecertain case studies of certain regions.In addition, in this extract several guidelines and recommentation of methods ofsustainable rural developments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - The Role of Rural Poverty on Sustainable Development (Destroying the Environment: Pasture) Case Study: Poshteab District of the Township of Zabol
Zahra Sharifinia Rahim Moshiri Afshar AlihosseiniIn the present article the aim is considering the role of economic rural poverty in destruction of environment in the surveyed pastures of poshtab district in zabol township.the research method is applied based on objective. And data collected via library and field meth MoreIn the present article the aim is considering the role of economic rural poverty in destruction of environment in the surveyed pastures of poshtab district in zabol township.the research method is applied based on objective. And data collected via library and field method. For this reason the effection of both direct and indirect function of human on environment(pasture) destruction resulted from rural exploiters' social and economic poverty have been considered. The factors such as : low average of per capita income of rural families ,low pasture's output and non availability of job opportunities are economic poverty factors of rural exploiters; and the low literacy level of rural family and high number of family are social poverty factors of rural exploiters. The results of research show that villager's social and economic poverty cause to environment (pasture) destruction with direct function of human) cutting shrubs to secure fuel, sale and creating pen), and indirect function of human (keeping livestock more than capacity of pasture). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - AN ANALYSIS OF GEOGRAPHY EDUCATION PROGRAMS IN IRANIAN UNIVERSITIES (A Case Study: A Proposal On Establishing B.A Geography & Rural Planning)
نصرالله MolaeiThe fast growing and changing world today, as regards the ever expanding borders ofscience and skills, has changed the geographical perspectives and domains as well,whereby the geography and geographers are affected likewise. In our society, asregards many a development MoreThe fast growing and changing world today, as regards the ever expanding borders ofscience and skills, has changed the geographical perspectives and domains as well,whereby the geography and geographers are affected likewise. In our society, asregards many a development made on different grounds to remove the cultural, social,economic and environmental predicaments, the educational programs should bedirected toward satisfying the country’s need for broad implementation ofgeographical science in one hand, and establishing and developing geographyprograms in universities and higher education institutes to maintain and enrich the truestatus of geography in land use planning, and providing man with places to live andprosperity as to the domain of the science of geography, on the other. The presentpaper, based on the writer’s experiences, and sources and information available, aimedat investigating the educational programs of studies, as to their contents andapplications, developed before and after the cultural revolution, reviewing the changesoccurred in the course titles as to preserving their scientific characteristics, the status ofgeography in the higher education system of the country, establishing professionalmajors and minors programs in the field, and finally proposing an undergraduateprogram (B.A) of study under rubric of “Geography and Rural Planning”. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - The Role of Tourism in Stable Rural Development (Case study: Lavasan Koochak Rural District, Lavasanant County)
Simin Najmi Majid Vali Shariat PanahiThe tourism industry has been developed in recent years, especially after theSecond World War, so increasingly that has taken the name of tourism revolution.Tourism today has become one of the major economic stimulants in an internationallevel, and specialists of econom MoreThe tourism industry has been developed in recent years, especially after theSecond World War, so increasingly that has taken the name of tourism revolution.Tourism today has become one of the major economic stimulants in an internationallevel, and specialists of economic issues assume that along by insurance and bankingas a major dynamic industry in the current century. Rural tourism is one of the majorcomponents of tourism industry and is the main power of improving economic growthin rural areas. It has also made a strategic chance and led to the diversity of localeconomy.Stable rural tourism revives the local and traditional rural culture, encouragescollective activities by rural people, increases the income of rural people, establishesnew economic sources for rural people, conserves the natural, cultural and socialenvironment, sustains the population, and prevents the migration and evacuation ofrural areas. The development and expansion of rural tourism will be the best strategyfor rural areas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Impacts of land reform on rural morphology (Case study: Shian village, Kermanshah province)
Nosrat Azizi farahnaz rostami shahpar geravandi lida sharafiAbstract Land reform in the 40s is one of the most important development programs in the country which was implemented as the most comprehensive and serious action in the Iranian agriculture and had effects on rural morphology. Therefore, the present study has analyzed MoreAbstract Land reform in the 40s is one of the most important development programs in the country which was implemented as the most comprehensive and serious action in the Iranian agriculture and had effects on rural morphology. Therefore, the present study has analyzed the effects of land reform on the morphological structure of Shiyan rural area. The present qualitative research is of descriptive-analytical. The study population consisted of informants and people over 50 years old in the area who had sufficient knowledge about land reform. Using purpose sampling, data were collected through in-depth individual interviews, semi-structured interviews, documentation, and field evidence. Data were analyzed using graph and analysis of interviews and photos. The results of this study showed that land reform has changed the morphology of the village in terms of agricultural morphology, housing and architecture and village texture. Thus, the fragmentation of cultivation units, the disappearance of commercial cultivation of single products and the creation of cultivation diversity, caused a change in the cultivation pattern and production tools in this village. Also, the use of urban architecture and non-native materials in the reconstruction of housing has changed the use of housing and destroyed the original identity of the village. On the other hand, the texture of the village has changed and crawled towards the main road. Therefore, it is recommended that planners and policy makers of rural development programs, before designing and implementing such programs, consider the environmental conditions and capacities of the region and, accordingly, provide proprietary applications. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Investigating the Effect of Carbon Sequestration Project on Local Community Empowerment: A Case of Tilabad Watershed in Golestan Province
Nafiseh Emami Amir Ahmadpour Ahmad Abedi Sarvestani Mohamad Reza ShahrakiEmpowerment of local communities is the most integral part of participatory plans in natural resources management. This research aimed to investigate one of natural resources participatory projects entitled Carbon Sequestration Project (CSP) in empowering local communit MoreEmpowerment of local communities is the most integral part of participatory plans in natural resources management. This research aimed to investigate one of natural resources participatory projects entitled Carbon Sequestration Project (CSP) in empowering local communities in Tilabad Watershed region of Azad Shahr county in Golestan province. The study population consisted of 1309 members of 100 small rural credit funds with at least two years of experiences in three villages of Vamanan, Sibchal and Kashidar. Using Krejcie-Morgan table, 298 samples were selected. Data were collected by a questionnaire that its validity and reliability were confirmed by faculty members and Cranach’s alpha coefficient respectively. Results showed that CSP had positive impact on empowerment of local communities. The impact was the highest on psychological dimension whereas impact on economic dimension was the lowest. The results also showed that there were no significant relationships between respondents' personal characteristics and different dimensions of empowerment. Furthermore, impact of this project was more for gardener, members of the cooperatives, recipient of loan and participants in extension education courses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Factors affecting participation in forest management programs in rural community in the north of Iran
Kiomars Sefidi Elaheh Alibabaie Morteza MoridiBackground and Objective: Nowadays, participation of local communities has been recognized as a suitable approach to reach sustainable forest management. Participation of local communities in conservational projects and forest management can ensure the sustainable manag MoreBackground and Objective: Nowadays, participation of local communities has been recognized as a suitable approach to reach sustainable forest management. Participation of local communities in conservational projects and forest management can ensure the sustainable management of forest. Method: This study aims to investigate the factors affecting social acceptability and intention to participate rural communities in forest management using field survey and questionnaire in Najardeh village near the Kheyrood forest in the north of Iran. The conceptual model used in this research was examined by defining 9 hypotheses, modeling structural equations and confirmatory factor analysis. Findings: Statistical test results showed no significant difference between men and women tendencies to participate. Among the whole variables related to the respondents, education and occupational status of people did not show a significant difference in terms of tendency to participate. The results of correlation study and confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the subjective norm is the most important factor affecting the tendency of villagers to participate in forest management and social acceptability of the project. Moreover, simplicity of the participation and the perceived usefulness positively and directly affect the tendency of villagers to participate in forestry projects. Discussion and Conclusion: Accordingly, if the goal is to increase rural participation in forestry projects, then building trust and enhancing the knowledge of villagers about the simplicity and usefulness of participation can be helpful. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Attitude of High School Students to the Importance and Preservation of Natural Resources (Case Study: Khorramabad City, Iran)
Shahram Mehdi Karami Mohean Rajabi Akram Azadi Rimeleh Akram AhmadiBackground and Objective: in the recent years, natural resource's degradation in the Lorestan province has been alarming. Therefore, assessment of students' knowledge to natural resources is essential as future users of natural resources. Methods: To conduct the study a MoreBackground and Objective: in the recent years, natural resource's degradation in the Lorestan province has been alarming. Therefore, assessment of students' knowledge to natural resources is essential as future users of natural resources. Methods: To conduct the study a questionnaire was designed regarding to the professors and experts comments. Validity and reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient that the 0.75 represents acceptable reliability. Then, among 800 individuals of students, from 10 schools of Khorramabad city who were trained as oral, poster installation and educational films, 250 individuals were selected to fulfill questionnaire and to investigate their view before and after education. Findings: The descriptive results of educational level, father's job, mothers and father's education, household income and the time of television watching on the attitudes of students towards natural resources were presented. Inferential results also showed the following results: i) significant and positive correlation between the variables of knowledge, recognition, attitudes and environmental behavior with education, ii) significant and positive correlation between environmental behavior and environmental knowledge, iii) significant and positive linear relationship between environmental knowledge and environmental behavior of students. Moreover data analysis demonstrated that chi-squared and binomial test confirmed the positive effect of training on increasing recognition and promotion of Natural Resources. Discussion and Conclusion: Education as the most available and efficient tool can have an important and critical role in promoting attitude and recognition of students toward natural resources and preserving national capital. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Presenting a sustainable market framework for electronic business and rural products (REB) using PESTEL and ISM methods (Case study: Semnan province )
Mohammad Mehdi Karimi Rasoul Sanavifard Aliasghar Eyvazi Mostafa KhajehBackground and Objective: This research was conducted with the aim of providing a framework for sustainable market and rural electronic business (REB) in Semnan province. Material and Methodology: The research method of the present study is a survey-interpretation in w MoreBackground and Objective: This research was conducted with the aim of providing a framework for sustainable market and rural electronic business (REB) in Semnan province. Material and Methodology: The research method of the present study is a survey-interpretation in which data were collected using a questionnaire and its analysis was performed using SPSS and excel and MICMAC software. The statistical population of the study included 10 producers of agricultural and livestock products as well as experts in the field of rural businesses. For this purpose, first, by reviewing previous studies, a set of factors affecting rural e-businesses were collected and then the factors were categorized by PESTEL method. Findings: The results showed that the legal factor is the most important underlying factor in achieving the design of rural e-business framework. Economic, political and technological factors are in the next rank and are related factors. Environmental and social factors are dependent factors. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the more effective role of the legal factors in developing rural E-commerce marketplace and the emphasis of the researchers on the role of governments in law enactment and law implementation in developing E-commerce, it can be expected that the governments help to the stability of the rural E-commerce through enacting laws proportionate to the country's business environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Modern Structures, Predisposing Factors for the Sustainable Development of Rural Tourism in Mazandaran, Focusing on Eco-Tourist Residences
Mahsa Haghani Sahar Majidi HatkeloeeBackground and Objective: In the contemporary world, the development of rural tourism is considered an effective step in economic prosperity, creating incentives and economic attractions for the investors of eco-tourism residences, which, while promoting sustainable tou MoreBackground and Objective: In the contemporary world, the development of rural tourism is considered an effective step in economic prosperity, creating incentives and economic attractions for the investors of eco-tourism residences, which, while promoting sustainable tourism, helps preserve the value of It is considered one of the methods of tourism development to provide the natives of the rural textures of the region. Therefore, the current research, with the aim of sustainable development of rural tourism in Mazandaran, deals with finding the best modern building structure in terms of compatibility with the construction indicators of ecotourism residences. Material and Methodology: the research is an applied one in terms of its purpose and is a descriptive-survey in terms of its nature, in which the combined analysis method is used. The information is collected through library research and survey methods. ¬The researcher-made questionnaire were completed by 12 architecture and structures experts. In the quantitative section, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) parametric test was used to determine the opinion of experts, ¬ then LSD and Duncan post hoc tests were used to determine whether there is any significant relation between different structures. The current research was carried out in the territory of Mazandaran province and in the period of Farvardin 1400 to Khordad 1401. Findings: ¬ the results of the analysis of structures based on the specifications of "Technical theory" in the construction of ecotourism residences show that LSF and 3D-PANEL structures are the most optimal structures. Discussion and Conclusion: One of the factors influencing the growth of rural tourism is the construction of eco-tourism residences in accordance with the principles of native architecture. In order to attract investors in such projects; Localizing modern structures and using them instead of traditional structures by high construction speed can lead to fast return on investment and also it can predispose maintaining and improving the physical values of the village. It seems that due to the similarity of the selected structures in the research findings in terms of technical, economic, industrial and cultural justification with the native structures of Mazandaran; it is possible to create job opportunities by taking the help of local structural experts and collaborative implementation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - A Meta Analysis of Rural Tourism Development Evaluation with an Emphasis on Strategic Factors (SWOT)
Mohammad Reza POURJAAFAR Hadi Mahmoodi Nezhad Shaheen Aylka Hamed Aghebat BekheirRural Tourism is considered as a process in rural development which is creating other activities such as agricultural that can increase the financial, economical and environmental development, job creat MoreRural Tourism is considered as a process in rural development which is creating other activities such as agricultural that can increase the financial, economical and environmental development, job creation and permanency that follows by life quality improvement, services and convenience in regional and local development framework. Here, the rural attractions and potentials can be resources and opportunities of this fact. Moreover the rural tourism development causes social, economical and environmental positive and negative effects while interfering in rural regions. In this method which uses a descriptive and Meta analysis, it is tried to choose the best way of interfering in rural regions studying and quality evaluating the rural tourism. This researchs findings show that a strategic way in strategic factors (SWOT) analysis process using a vast and flexible look through variables and facts in rural tourism can provide a maximum in planning, design and performance of rural tourism development which should be evaluated in Iran todays social, economical, environmental and political structure. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Environmental Planning at the Scale of Local Landscape (Case Study: Fordo Rural District)
Negar Tayebzadeh Leila Roozbehani Shahrzad FaryadiIntroduction: Attention to environmental planning is necessary when the density of growth in someparts of the national territory which is causing inconsistency and two major adverse results: irregularmigration urban and rural population from other parts of the country t MoreIntroduction: Attention to environmental planning is necessary when the density of growth in someparts of the national territory which is causing inconsistency and two major adverse results: irregularmigration urban and rural population from other parts of the country towards development center andalso retardation of other parts of the country.The purpose of this study is the environmental planning at the scale of local landscape to develop andenhance the quality of material and spiritual life of people in Fordo rural district.Materials and Methods: In this study, environmental planning for Fordo rural district carried out byusing planning process method and Geographic Information System. This Process done in three steps:Identifying rural district, analysis of the interaction between natural and man-made elements andcomposition, including (outlining the vision, goals and operational and developing solutions).Results: For each of the three environmental, economical, social and human made factors, solutionswere expressed. As restrictions on development, some of the lands were used to develop access andbuild facilities and etc. Ultimately final plan of the physical spaces of Fordo rural district wasprovided in the form of a map.Conclusions: For harmonious and balanced development of regions in the whole country, planningprocess method is an efficient and useful method and provides solutions to development and plans andspatial and physical plans. Also, the use of GIS tool in various stages of study leads to more accurateresults and plans. The principles of this study can be used in environmental planning and regionalplanning, proportional to the ecological potential of region to guide changes in accordance with thepotential and limitations of the natural and human environment Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Development of rural entrepreneurship model by studying the mediating role of rural empowerment based on investment approach
shahnam zandieh Asghar Sarafizadeh Ghazvini akbar alem-tabriz Kamal SakhdariAccording to the principles of sustainable development, one of the important dimensions of rural sustainable development theories is economic development alongside and overlapping with social and ecological development based on investment approaches. In this study, with MoreAccording to the principles of sustainable development, one of the important dimensions of rural sustainable development theories is economic development alongside and overlapping with social and ecological development based on investment approaches. In this study, with the aim of developing rural entrepreneurship, an attempt was made to answer the question "how to improve the performance of the ecosystem and the development of entrepreneurship in rural Iran by studying the mediating role of rural empowerment." It should be noted that this research is applied in terms of purpose Which has been done with a quantitative method of structural equation modeling strategy by partial least squares method with PLS approach. The results show that two currents of cognitive empowerment can lead to the development of rural entrepreneurship. Based on the research findings, several practical suggestions, including raising awareness about empowerment components at three levels of individual, group and enterprise, were presented to rural businesses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Comparative Study of Social Sustainability in the Rural Areas Covered by the Gavoshan Dam Irrigation and Drainage Network
Fatemeh Javanbakht-Sheikhahmad farahnaz Rostami Hadi Veisi Farzad AmiriBackground and Objective: Rural development provides a platform for macro-development at national level by strengthening social sustainability criteria. A lack of understanding of social sustainability criteria makes the planning and implementation process of rural deve MoreBackground and Objective: Rural development provides a platform for macro-development at national level by strengthening social sustainability criteria. A lack of understanding of social sustainability criteria makes the planning and implementation process of rural development projects more difficult. Therefore, it is important to study social sustainability indicators in the rural development process. The water supply project of the Gavoshan dam is an example of a rural development project that did not pay attention to social sustainability criteria and caused many problems in the upstream and downstream rural areas. To fill this gap, this research has investigated the social sustainability indicators and compared them in the rural areas of the Bilehvar and Miandarband plains. Material and Methodology: This study surveyed 155 farmers from rural areas covered by the Gavoshan dam irrigation network, whose farms were more than half a hectare in size. A questionnaire was used for descriptive statistical and inferential analysis in this research. One-Sample T-test and independent groups T-test were performed to compare social sustainability indicators between the rural areas of Beilevar and Miandarband plains. Findings: The results showed that the social responsibility index with the highest average (3.69) in the rural areas of Bilehvar plain and the social security index with the lowest average (2.65) in the rural areas of Miandarband plain are among the influencing indicators in social sustainability. Furthermore, analysis of variance showed that the indicators social security, quality of life, social responsibility and social trust affect the level of social sustainability with a significant difference at the 95% level. Discussion and Conclusion: Based on the results, the rural areas in the Bilehvar plain show a favorable level of social sustainability, while the average of the social sustainability indicators in the rural areas of the Miandarband plain is in an unfavorable state. In fact, the unbalanced development in the mentioned rural areas is due to the lack of fair access to water resources. Hence, it is suggested managers and policy-makers pay attention to the quantitative and qualitative strengthening of social sustainability indicators to achieve rural development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Appraisal the Quality of Gap between the Current Situation and Desired Sustainability of Industrial Marketing of Rural Green Businesses
Mohammad Mehdi Karimi Rasoul Sanavifard Aliasghar Eyvazi Mostafa KhajehBackground and Objective: In terms of meaning, green sustainable development, global partnership for the continuity and dynamics of economic growth; Social justice and preservation and renewal of environmental capacities shines not only for the present but also for futu MoreBackground and Objective: In terms of meaning, green sustainable development, global partnership for the continuity and dynamics of economic growth; Social justice and preservation and renewal of environmental capacities shines not only for the present but also for future generations and shows a kind of comprehensive view and commitment of all to improve the common future of mankind in all fields such as rural green businesses. The purpose of this research is Appraisal the quality of the gap between the current situation and the desired sustainability of industrial marketing of rural green businesses. Material and Methodology: In this research, factors and components were identified by Delphi method with the participation of 10 specialized experts in the field of rural businesses, and then the indicators were categorized using the PESTEL method. Then, the gap quality between the current and desired conditions was drawn and the factors and indicators were ranked through the IP matrix. Findings: The findings of the research showed that legal, economic and technological factors respectively play the greatest role in the gap in the status of rural businesses. Also, among the components, social security laws for home businesses, guaranteeing government agencies, and integrated mentality of electronic businesses, liquidity, water supply and investment respectively had a greater impact on creating a gap. The IP matrix showed that there are 14 components with high performance and importance that should be continued. Discussion and Conclusion: The obtained results are an indication of the fact that rural development policies should include the contribution of agriculture, both in order to improve farm activities and in support of ancillary services, to ensure sustainable development in order to promote green businesses in the regions. Use rural. Therefore, the policy makers of this field should codify flexible laws in the field of agricultural reforms so that rural development in the field of green business is the basis for the social and political stability of these areas in the country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - An overview of the importance of marketing in rural tourism
Maryam Seyednazari Hossein Kuhestani Fatemeh Kazemiyeh Ghader DashtiTourism is one of the most dynamic economic activities of the present era. The systematic development of tourism and the use of many capabilities of this sector to improve the current state of tourism in the country requires the use of tourism planning, so that accordin MoreTourism is one of the most dynamic economic activities of the present era. The systematic development of tourism and the use of many capabilities of this sector to improve the current state of tourism in the country requires the use of tourism planning, so that according to the existing sensitivities and the capacity of the society and the needs of the tourists, the capabilities of this industry can be used for the progress and development of the community. At the same time, planning for tourism development requires action and attention to the needs, characteristics, and demands of the market as tourism demand factors. One of the most important types of tourism is rural tourism, which is more than a century old. Rural tourism has attracted a lot of attention due to its attractiveness and the desire to use the space and features of the rural environment for tourists, as well as its function to improve and improve the economic, socio-cultural, and ecological indicators of the host region. In the meantime, one of the aspects that can be the source of many developments for the sustainable development of the rural tourism industry is the accurate identification of the current situation through tourism marketing. Therefore, in this research, the importance of marketing in rural tourism has been reviewed Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - The Nexus of Rural Ecotourism Entrepreneurship and Social Factors: Where Is the Missing Link of its Development?
Soofia Abbasi Seyed Mehdi Mirdamadi Maryam Omidi Najafabadi Seyed Jamal Farajollah HosseiniThis research has been conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of social factors on the development of rural ecotourism entrepreneurship in Dezful tourism villages. This research is a descriptive-correlation type that was conducted using a survey method. Resi MoreThis research has been conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of social factors on the development of rural ecotourism entrepreneurship in Dezful tourism villages. This research is a descriptive-correlation type that was conducted using a survey method. Residents of tourism villages of Dezful constitute the statistical population of this research, based on the Cochrane formula and the use of stratified random sampling, 381 households were selected as the research sample.The main tool of this research is a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity and reliability were tested and confirmed. In order to analyze data and test research hypotheses, structural equation modeling with partial least squares approach and PLS Smart software have been used. The findings showed that networking in the village, social participation, education and information, social capital and tourism capacities explain a total of 62.5% of the changes related to the rural ecotourism entrepreneurship. From this research, it can be concluded that social factors are always effective in the growth or retardation of rural ecotourism entrepreneurship according to their collective and cultural potential, and along with economic, historical, cultural and political factors, they can help the development of rural ecotourism entrepreneurship Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Land suitability assessment using ANP in a GIS environment for Tourism Development Site (Case study: Lavasan-e Kuchak Rural District, Tehran province, Iran)
Elham Eftekhari Masoud Mahdavi -
Open Access Article
37 - Study of the feasibility of rural tourism development and its effects in rural areas (Case study: Toyedarevar rural district)
Masoume Pazoki Mokhtar Yourdkhani -
Open Access Article
38 - Landslide hazard zonation using geographic information System landslide (Case study: Robat-Siahpoush rural district, Lorestan province)
Maryam Rahmati Farhad ZandReconstruction and development of the main road Robat-Siahpoush two rural district have increased the risk of mass movements in recent years. Due to the importance of the issue, inhibition and landslide hazard zoning is necessary as one of a variety of natural hazards i MoreReconstruction and development of the main road Robat-Siahpoush two rural district have increased the risk of mass movements in recent years. Due to the importance of the issue, inhibition and landslide hazard zoning is necessary as one of a variety of natural hazards in sustainable development. The objective of this study is to identify causes and amplifying factors of landslide and its hazard zoning using statistical and experimental models. Therefore, factors responsible for landslide occurrence, lithology, slope, aspect, soil type, land use, the distance of the fault, drainage, and roads have been analyzed in ArcGIS software. The results of the correlation between variables with the landslide frequency showed that slope, drainage and lithology are the effective parameters of the landslide, respectively. Furthermore, the distance road has introduced as a new amplification factor in the landslide occurrence. Comparing the matching rate of two variables information value and multivariate of regression models and their evaluation by CTA techniques, showed that the information value model in the very low, low, moderate, high and very high class of risk has allocated 30.06, 0.26, 19.11, 17.43 and 33.12% of the total area, respectively, and the allocated values of the multivariate regression model are 9.25, 12.54, 13.54, 53.06, and 11.57%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Analysis of effective mechanisms on the development of entrepreneurship among rural women in Kurdistan province
solieman rasouliazar Arman Kaykhosravi Loghman RashiedpourThe present research was conducted in order to analyze and identify effective mechanisms on the development of entrepreneurship among rural women in Kurdistan province. The nature of this applied research was done by survey method. The research tool was a questionnaire MoreThe present research was conducted in order to analyze and identify effective mechanisms on the development of entrepreneurship among rural women in Kurdistan province. The nature of this applied research was done by survey method. The research tool was a questionnaire made by the researcher, whose reliability was obtained by using the pilot test and calculating Cronbach's alpha. The statistical population of the research was 27,560 rural women of Kurdistan province, and using the Cochran formula, the sample size was determined to be 204. The sample people were selected by stratified random method. The results show that there is a positive and significant relationship between the individual-psychological, economic, socio-cultural, educational, infrastructural and marketing structure with the advantages of entrepreneurship development among the rural women of Kurdistan province. Multiple regression analysis was used to predict changes in the dependent variable, i.e., the advantages of entrepreneurship development among rural women in Kurdistan province, by independent variables, i.e., managerial, social, cultural, educational, economic, infrastructural, individual, psychological, and marketing structures. The multiple correlation coefficients in this research is equal to 0.781. According to the calculated coefficient of determination, the aforementioned constructs were able to determine 61% of changes in the dependent variable, i.e., the advantages of entrepreneurship development among rural women in Kurdistan province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Investigating the role of agricultural development in sustainable rural development
Morad KeyKosravi sahar dehyouri Mehdi Mirdamadi -
Open Access Article
41 - Reflection of Economic Developments on the System of Livelihood and Spatial Activity of Rural Housing
Zahra Beygom Taghavi Kamal Rahbarimanesh Maryam Armaghan -
Open Access Article
42 - Explaining the Ecosophical approach in Promoting the Sustainability of the Local heritage of Eco-Museums (a Case Study of the Guilan Rural Heritage Museum)
nazanin islamiWith the excessive consumption of energy and its risks, which has become a global concern, paying attention to indigenous technologies becomes more important day by day. In the process of globalization, local cultural diversities have been threatened, and among these, t MoreWith the excessive consumption of energy and its risks, which has become a global concern, paying attention to indigenous technologies becomes more important day by day. In the process of globalization, local cultural diversities have been threatened, and among these, the concern of weakening the roots of diverse identity and especially the cultural differences belonging to rural populations has always been raised as the main challenge of international discussions in recent years. The set of these developments has been the focus of a new look at modern concepts in the field of the concept of heritage as well as museology knowledge. According to what was noticed about the evolutionary process of Eco-museums, this cultural, social and environmental phenomenon can be described as a symbolic evolution in the age of globalization. A phenomenon that initially arose due to economic reasons and then gained strength with government investment and was gradually mixed with popular participation. Further, its protection goals were emphasized and various elements were added to it. Gradually, the communication between sciences found a more prominent role in the management of Eco-museums, and educational goals were also seen in it, which is a sign of the professionalization of the concept of Eco-museums in the thinking of the 20th century. The present study was developed with the aim of explaining the role of the Ecosophical approach in promoting the sustainability of the local heritage of Eco-museums in order to answer these questions: What role does the Ecosophical approach play in promoting the sustainability of the local heritage of Eco-museums? How can eco-museums, considering this approach, while developing some of their environmental capabilities, play a significant role in the field of knowledge and understanding of the traditional space of subcultures? The framework of the research is based on the analysis of the famous French thinker Felix Guattari's point of view in the comparative study of the ecosophy concept in the relationship between the body, environment and human needs as three influencing factors on the quality of body design and based on that, the initial research model is designed. It has been laid out. Then, according to the theoretical foundations of the approaches related to the concept of eco-museum, another model is presented in relation to the interaction of the concept of eco-museum with the approaches of social-cultural Contextualism / social sustainability and architecture inspired by nature, and finally the main model of the research is based on the relationship between the two The first model was formed and their common components were extracted. This research was conducted in a comparative manner and with a qualitative approach with the help of documentary studies, in which the historical-interpretive research method was used in the part of gathering theoretical-historical foundations and the descriptive-analytical research method was used in the context of examining the sample under study (Rural Heritage Museum of Guilan). The statistical population includes all Eco-museums, and the sample population includes those eco-museums that have stylistic affinities in terms of physical and functional similarities. Finally, the analytical model of the research is designed based on the adaptation of Felix Guattari's point of view (about Ecosophy) and the approaches of Contextualism, social sustainability and ecosystem architecture. The results of the research show that there are significant similarities in the comparative comparison of each of the components of Ecosophy in the three levels of mental ecology, social ecology and natural ecology with the approaches examined (including social sustainability, Socio-cultural Contextualism and ecosystem architecture) and these similarities in Eco-museums and Especially the rural heritage museum of Guilan has been manifested in the form of objective, functional and physical similarities. Using new approaches of social sustainability and cultural Contextualism, eco-museums present a new meaning of the words heritage, protection and education to their visitors and subculture. Eco-museums can be considered as a special geographical area where cultural heritage is protected and through people's participation, they try to create a coherent network to introduce the knowledge of the past to the current and future generations. From this point of view, eco-museums are considered as spaces completely dependent on nature, which have rediscovered their form in the course of social developments. Places with real identity that are considered local, national and global capital. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Analysis of urban- rural interaction, the case of: South Sarroud Districts, Central District of Boyer- Ahmad County and Yasouj City
Farshad Rokni Hosein SoleimanyRural-urban linkages can be defined as the structural economic, social and environmental relationships maintained between individuals and groups in rural and urban environment. This linkage indirectly affected the economic, social and environmental indexes. This researc MoreRural-urban linkages can be defined as the structural economic, social and environmental relationships maintained between individuals and groups in rural and urban environment. This linkage indirectly affected the economic, social and environmental indexes. This research is an applied study which is carried out using a descriptive analytical research method. The statistical population of this study was composed of all the villages with the population of more than 500 people in the South Sarroud Districts, Central District of Boyer-Ahmad County. In this research, the required information was extracted from data collected using the experts’ opinions and utilized by the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) methodology that it is one of the strengths method that used of pairwise comparisons to drive accurate ratio scale priorities. The purpose of this research is to carefully analysis of urban-rural interaction, the case of South Sarroud Districts and Yasouj City. So that government planners and managers can apply this research results for developmental measures. Based on the results, consumption instruction and procurement has the highest and cooperation at the ceremony and religious activity has the lowest degree of effectiveness in the urban-rural interaction. Also, according to the results, the environmental index has been influenced less than urban-rural interactions relative to the socio-economic index summarizes the Results obtained from the AHP model, showed that in terms of socio-economic indicators in the Sarabtaveh village has the highest effectiveness of the urban-rural interaction. While in terms of the environmental index of the Talkhosrow has the most effectiveness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Analysis of Factors Preventing and Promoting the Development of Rural Women's Participation, A Case Study: Sardabe Village, Central Part of Ardabil
Bahram Imani Arastoo Yarihesar Ziba RohnavazAchieving development goals is impossible without paying attention to the role of women, and rural women play a key role as one of the main actors in achieving the Millennium Development Goals.The present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the factors prevent MoreAchieving development goals is impossible without paying attention to the role of women, and rural women play a key role as one of the main actors in achieving the Millennium Development Goals.The present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the factors preventing and promoting the development of rural women's participation in Sardaba district. The current research is practical in terms of its purpose, and the method used in it is a combined method with a sequential exploratory approach that uses both qualitative and quantitative approaches. In the first phase, using the qualitative method of qualitative content analysis, the data collected through the review of available sources and interviews, key concepts were extracted from the text of notes and interviews, and during open coding, 18 inhibiting factors and 17 promoting factors were divided into three groups. The main economic, socio-cultural and political factors were identified. Then in the quantitative phase, using the survey method; The extracted indicators were ranked and analyzed. The necessary technique to obtain the required data is library and field (questionnaire). The statistical population of the present study is the population of women in 11 villages of Sardaba village in the central part of Ardabil city with a population of 3179. To determine the sample size, Cochran's formula was used, and according to this formula, the statistical sample number was 345. Structural equation method and Lisrel software were used to analyze the data. The ranking based on the standardized factor load showed that socio-cultural factor with an effect factor of 0.95, political factor with an effect factor of 0.92, and economic factor with an effect factor of 0.89 are the most important factors hindering the development of rural women's participation. In terms of promoting factors, the political factor with an effect factor of 0.94 is the most important promoting factor in the development of rural women's participation. The socio-cultural factor with an effect factor of 0.90 is the second group, followed by the economic factors with an effect factor of 0.86 as factors that promote the development of rural women's participation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Reviewing On The Assessment Of Human Comfort in Considering City Minab - Tiab Bioclimatic Indices
Ahmad Ansari Lari Hajar Zarei KNowadays the evaluation of bioclimatic conditions is considered as an efficient instrument by programmers in different regions. Calmness and health of human in natural environment has a direct relationship with climate situation such as temperature, humidity, sunlight a MoreNowadays the evaluation of bioclimatic conditions is considered as an efficient instrument by programmers in different regions. Calmness and health of human in natural environment has a direct relationship with climate situation such as temperature, humidity, sunlight and sunny time. Relative temperature and humidity is introduced as an index to survey comfort and convenience of human. This study aims to investigate comfort or discomfort of human based on bioclimatic models and indices of Becker, Terjung, nervous pressure and thermo hygrometric by using statistical data of synoptic station of Minab County for Tiyab rural district during 1990 to 2011. The results arising of this study show that Tiyab region in bioclimatic position during each year has from extremely hot to keen condition in different months. Considering the survey of climatic situation of this region, we can observe growth and development steps of this region by more speed in most of development and tourism planning of this region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Analysis and Evaluation of the Environmental Viability of Rural Areas of Baluchestan with Infrastructural Facilities (A Case Study of Daman Village in Iranshahr)
sajedeh azar Javad Bazrafshan Abouzar PaidarEveryone from the city or village who wants a satisfactory life and of course wants to have a good life, and of course the satisfying living conditions necessitate the providence of long-term welfare for the communities. Viability of villages is affected by elements of MoreEveryone from the city or village who wants a satisfactory life and of course wants to have a good life, and of course the satisfying living conditions necessitate the providence of long-term welfare for the communities. Viability of villages is affected by elements of time and space. Rural settlements vary according to the time period and geographical location. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the viability and facilities and utilities. The method of the study according to the nature of the study was analytical and as far as the purpose of the study was considered, it was practical. The necessary data were gathered from libraries, questionnaires and interviews with the people and local authorities. The study population consisted of 20 villages of rural households in Daman, Iranshahr consisting of 17 villages respectively. The sample of the study consisted of 287 people and 17 villages. In order to rank the villages regarding the facilities and services of center-weighted index model and also for ranking those villages based on the status of environmental indicators the VIKOR model was used. The evaluation of the obtained results showed that there is no significant correlation between having higher levels of service receiving and viability. Populated villages were shown to benefit from a higher level of services and facilities according to the results of center weighted model, but were at a low level of viability in the environment according to VIKOR. As a result, it cannot be said that only by providing the villages with equipments and facilities, the villages can be compatible and healthy. On the contrary, the results are in contrast with the positivists’ comments who believe that by increasing the level of services, environmental and biological abnormalities and problems will be removed in villages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - The Role of Information and Communication Services Offices (Urban and Rural Information and Communication Technology) in the Economic Development of Qazvin Province
Saeed Taghipour Alireza EstalajiThe purpose of this study was to investigate the role of information and communication services offices (urban and rural communication and information technology) in economic development among users of Qazvin province. The method of this study is survey and quantitative MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the role of information and communication services offices (urban and rural communication and information technology) in economic development among users of Qazvin province. The method of this study is survey and quantitative, for which a questionnaire was used to collect information. The sample included 400 users of the urban and rural communication and information technology (Qazvin province) who have been selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. Research findings show that the villagers believe that the urban and rural offices of information and communication can have positive effects on different economic aspects. Also, the research findings indicate that there is a positive correlation between economic development and performance of the offices of information and communication services in urban and rural areas of Qazvin province (r = 0.46). In Qazvin province, there are correlations between economic development and variables of user awareness of the performance of ICT offices (r = 0.421), the use of sample individuals from ICT offices (r = 0.359), the access level of these individuals to the ICT offices (r = 0.58). In other words, by increasing the level of awareness, access, use of the services of the offices and the performance of ICT offices, the level of economic development will increase. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Reflection of the general economic situation of the people, jobs and words in the works of Safavid art of the last century
Nastaran Riyasvand Monirh kazemirashed Mohammad Bagher Aram Rahim shohratifardWe do not have comprehensive information about the largest constituent of society in the last century of Safavid rule, namely farmers. Limited sources describe the general situation of some farmers, which indicates the continuation of poverty in the lives of villagers. MoreWe do not have comprehensive information about the largest constituent of society in the last century of Safavid rule, namely farmers. Limited sources describe the general situation of some farmers, which indicates the continuation of poverty in the lives of villagers. The economic situation of the subjects is often projected in the context of their relationship with the category of taxation. But it does not say anything about the exact amount received or its impact on people's quality of life. But it does not say anything about the exact amount received or its impact on people's quality of life. Despite the fact that the Ghezelbas were originally from nomadic tribes and Turkmens, the economic situation of this class of Iranian society at that time has also been ignored in historiographical sources. And their colorful military role in the political-military equations, which forms the framework of historians' views, has obscured their social life and economic functions. Court documents on the economic situation of smallholders, artisans and craftsmen, and the lower classes of urban society as a whole do not add anything to our knowledge. Because these sources are in fact indicative of the bureaucratic structure governing the government mechanisms of that period, and considering their application in the mentioned period, they did not feel the need to address this issue. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - The Financial Inclusion and Unemployment in Urban and Rural Areas of Iran
Reza MaaboudiThe paper aims to investigate the financial inclusion effect on the unemployment rate in urban and rural areas of Iran. Panel generalized method of moments and provincial data from 2015 to 2020 used to analyze the relationships between variables. Findings show that fina MoreThe paper aims to investigate the financial inclusion effect on the unemployment rate in urban and rural areas of Iran. Panel generalized method of moments and provincial data from 2015 to 2020 used to analyze the relationships between variables. Findings show that financial inclusion leaves a negative and significant effect on the unemployment rate in urban and rural areas of Iran. On the one hand, financial inclusion increases entrepreneurs’ and economic firms’ access to financial credits by reducing transaction costs and by increasing information transparency, which in turn leads to an increase in production capacity and a decrease in the unemployment rate; On the other hand, increasing the access of low-income people to borrowing leads to an increase in investment in human capital and, as a result, a decrease in the unemployment rate. Also, economic growth and human capital have a negative significant effect, and the real wage has a significant positive effect on the unemployment rate in urban and rural areas of Iran. According to the research results, in order to use the benefits of financial inclusion to reduce unemployment in the country, it is necessary to adopt effective policies in the field of training and increasing the financial literacy of individuals in deprived areas to participate in the financial sector, increasing investment to promote innovative financial technologies, expanding banking hardware and improving the infrastructure of the payment system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Situational literature in the novel of "Ahl-e Gharq" by Moniro Ravanipour
Zeynab Rahmaniyan Leila AdlparvarSituational stories often reflect common features and elements such as the language, culture, beliefs, and customs of a geographical zone. The 50s and 60s are the period of the flourishing of Situational literature and the emergence of numerous writers whose writings ha MoreSituational stories often reflect common features and elements such as the language, culture, beliefs, and customs of a geographical zone. The 50s and 60s are the period of the flourishing of Situational literature and the emergence of numerous writers whose writings have a local flavor and rely on the literature of rural areas. The novel "Ahl-e Gharq" by Moniro Ravanipour can be considered among the works of rural situational literature. The author narrates the story due to his deep acquaintance with the culture of the inhabitants of the Persian Gulf coasts and using the native and local elements of the southern lands. In this research, the analytical-descriptive method of the situational literature indicators of the novel is used in "Ahl-eGharq". Like, the geographical location, language and dialect, clothing, customs, beliefs, views and local songs are examined. The results, in addition to showing the author's deep mastery of the indigenous aspects of this region; It reveals the hidden layers of the spirits, natures and beliefs of the people of the South, summed up in resistance, bravery and anti-colonialism, from the narrator’s viewpoint. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Rural tourism as a strategy to achievement rural development؛ (Case study: poverty in villages of mishkhas, sivan section of ilam)
sajad sherafat mostafa azkia mansour vosooghi seyed mohamad seyed mirzaeiThe present paper deals with the rural tourism as a strategy to achievement rural development.The study assumes that rural tourism can have a positive impact on reducing poverty and rural development.This study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical. MoreThe present paper deals with the rural tourism as a strategy to achievement rural development.The study assumes that rural tourism can have a positive impact on reducing poverty and rural development.This study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical. Documentary and field methods (researcher-made questionnaire, observation and interview) were used for data collection.The statistical population of the study consists of the supervisors of eight tourism villages of Mishkhas village and has the largest volume of tourists, numbering 1638 households.Sample Size Using the HTML Table. The estimated 325 people were enrolled in the study.The sampling method was multi-stage stratified.In this way,the whole of Mishkhas (8 villages) were identified and the population proportion of each village was sampled by simple random sampling.Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used to analyze the collected . Investigation from the perspective of research participants showed that the coefficient of determination is 0.799. Therefore, it can be said that tourism development has played an important role in reducing poverty and rural development. The results of the path analysis showAll the aspects of rural tourism under study have direct effects on rural poverty.The highest direct effect belonged to the economic dimension (0.28) and the lowest to the physical dimension (0.11). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Investigating the Effect of Improving the Tourism Target Villages on the Sustainable Development of Rural Tourism (A Case Study of Abshar Bisheh Village of Khorramabad)
gholam reza ebrahimiThe physical texture of Iranian villages has visual and aesthetic patterns, and in the meantime, the physical texture of some villages of the country is considered as a valuable heritage and remains of our ancestors due to its special architectural, historical and cultu MoreThe physical texture of Iranian villages has visual and aesthetic patterns, and in the meantime, the physical texture of some villages of the country is considered as a valuable heritage and remains of our ancestors due to its special architectural, historical and cultural features. It can be a favorable and attractive environment for the villagers which attracts more tourists to help the prosperity and development of the tourism industry in these villages. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of improving the value of rural tissues on the sustainable development of the tourism industry, and to recognize the limitations and potentials of tourism in the region in economic, social, physical and environmental fields and also to suggest some solutions for tourism industry development in the villages. This applied research was a descriptive-analytical and survey kind of study. Library and field studies have been used to gather information. Field studies were conducted by designing and completing a questionnaire from two sample groups of villagers (186 people) and tourists (220 people) of Abshar Bisheh village, who were randomly selected and analyzed using chi-square test and variance analysis. The results of the study indicated that the improvement of rural value tissue has played an effective role in the sustainable development of tourism industry in the village, but in order to achieve the required goals, special attention should be paid to other sectors such as social, cultural, economic and environmental ones. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - The Role of Second Home Tourism in the Physical and Environmental Changes of Lahijan during the Last Two Decades (A Case Study of Shirjoopasht Village and Lahijan)
Manuchehr Mehdipour Teymour Amar Isa PourramazanOne of the basic strategies in the field of rural development that has been considered in recent years and has had positive results in many countries is the development and expansion of tourism in rural areas. However, this strategy in Iran and especially in the study a MoreOne of the basic strategies in the field of rural development that has been considered in recent years and has had positive results in many countries is the development and expansion of tourism in rural areas. However, this strategy in Iran and especially in the study area has been associated with a phenomenon called second homes, the results of this expansion has had many negative consequences in physical, economic, environmental, cultural and social dimensions. Rural areas of Lil rural district of the central part of Lahijan during the last two decades with the prosperity of the tourism industry have been associated with the phenomenon of the expansion of second homes. In this research, using descriptive-analytical methods and statistical tests, the effects of the expansion of second homes on physical and environmental changes in rural areas of Lil district have been investigated. The results showed that the expansion of the second homes had the greatest impact on the physical part of the villages. Negative effects of the physical part include: changes in the rural landscape and urbanization of the settlement, disruption of the traditional structure and homogeneity of construction, loss of physical beauty of the village, changes in residential and commercial units. Also land use change, leveling of mountains, increasing waste production and changes in workshop units and local employees are the most important negative effects in the environmental sector. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Challenges Facing the Development of Rural Tourism, A Case of Villages in the Central Part of Meshginshahr
bahram imani arastoo yari hesar hosein hajbaniToday, policymakers and planners refer to rural tourism as a lever for regional development and a way to save villages from social and economic problems. The main goal of this research is to identify the obstacles or challenges facing the development of rural tourism in MoreToday, policymakers and planners refer to rural tourism as a lever for regional development and a way to save villages from social and economic problems. The main goal of this research is to identify the obstacles or challenges facing the development of rural tourism in the villages of the central part of Meshginshahr. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature. The statistical population includes 42 villages with more than 20 households. The sample size was estimated to be 379 people based on Cochran's formula. To analyze the issue, 47 indicators were used in five indicators, namely social, economic, environmental, physical, and managerial. The results showed that the weak participation of local people in tourism affairs, risky investment, lack of shopping centers, lack of suitable space for car parking, lack of advertising and information, lack of educational centers and activities, and short stay of tourists were recognized as the most important problems of tourism in this region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - A review of project planning using the Logical Framework Approach (LFA) and Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA)
Zeinab Karimi -
Open Access Article
56 - ارزیابی عملکرد تخمگذاری و خصوصیات کیفی تخم مرغان بومی پرورش یافته در مناطق روستایی استان اصفهان
ع.ع قیصری ق. مقصودی نژاد ع. آذربایجانیآزمایش حاضر به منظور بررسی عملکرد تولیدی و خصوصیات کیفی تخم مرغان بومی پرورش یافته در نواحی روستایی دو اقلیم مختلف در استان اصفهان انجام شد. به طور کلی تعداد 2160 قطعه جوجه بومی در این تحقیق مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. دو ناحیه اقلیمی (سرد و گرم) در استان اصفهان تعیین شد و Moreآزمایش حاضر به منظور بررسی عملکرد تولیدی و خصوصیات کیفی تخم مرغان بومی پرورش یافته در نواحی روستایی دو اقلیم مختلف در استان اصفهان انجام شد. به طور کلی تعداد 2160 قطعه جوجه بومی در این تحقیق مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. دو ناحیه اقلیمی (سرد و گرم) در استان اصفهان تعیین شد و در هر اقلیم دو شهر و در هر شهر سه روستا مورد انتخاب قرار گرفتند. چادگان و کاشان به عنوان شهرهای اقلیم سرد و کاشان و ورزنه به عنوان شهرهای اقلیم گرم درنظر گرفته شدند. در هر روستا شش خانواده به عنوان واحد آزمایشی انتخاب (مجموعا 72 خانواده) وتعداد 36 قطعه مرغ و 4 قطعه خروس بومی 45 روزه به هر خانواده تحویل داده شد. عملکرد تخمگذاری جوجه­ها در طول دوره تخمگذاری (21 تا 72 هفتگی) رکوردبرداری و خصوصیات کیفی تخم مرغ­ها هر دو ماه یک بار مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج آزمایش حاضر نشان داد، اگر چه اقلیم بر تولید تخم مرغ طی دوره­های 25 تا 32 و 57 تا 64 هفتگی تأثیرگذار بود (05/0P<) ولی بر میانگین تولید در کل دوره تخمگذاری تأثیری نداشت. کمترین میزان تولید تخم مرغ در چادگان مشاهده شد (9/25 درصد) که به طور معنی­داری کمتر از ورزنه (9/35 درصد) و خوانسار (5/37 درصد) بود (05/0P<). علاوه بر این، شاخص­های کیفی پوسته در اقلیم سرد به طور معنی­داری بهتر از اقلیم گرم بود (05/0P<). بالاترین میزان ضخامت پوسته و نسبت ضخامت پوسته به وزن تخم مرغ در میان چهار شهر مورد آزمایش مربوط به چادگان بود (05/0P<). علاوه بر این، شاخص رنگ زرده در اقلیم گرم به طور معنی­داری نسبت به اقلیم سرد بهبود یافت (05/0P<). به طور کلی، خصوصیات کیفی تخم مرغ تحت تأثیر تغییرات اقلیمی قرار گرفت. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Examining the Views of Employees and Inhabitants of the Village about the Impact Woodcraft the Diversification of the Rural Economy (Case Study: Jowkar District, Malayer County and Hamedan Province)
seyed Hosein Shahed Ebrahim Fathi niaToday, with the decline in natural resources in rural areas, and also the developments in the modernization of natural and human sector, particularly among the young and educated people, has led to the specifications and different views in the field of employment and in MoreToday, with the decline in natural resources in rural areas, and also the developments in the modernization of natural and human sector, particularly among the young and educated people, has led to the specifications and different views in the field of employment and income arise between people. As a result, the capacity crowd of villages reduced and thus the wave of migration to the cities villagers in decades, the problems in the development of villages and towns. because of the existing workshops in the village of 9, which amounted to 150 workshop, study, and by the formula Cochrane with a margin of error of 5 percent of the 17235 people, 380 (people) of the sample volume that were selected to achieve the results of the principles and scientific 190 questionnaire practitioners of the village and 190 questionnaire was full of the village's residents. and stability them by Cronbach's method of 0.890 professionals and 0.935 residents confirmed and data collected by Excel software, gis, spss, and testing T, 5 study includes indicators of employment, income, poverty reduction, the agricultural activities and diversity of economic activities, which have after determining the appropriate for them through questionnaires. research results showed that the formation of wooden industries workshops in the countryside in order to build and strengthen the rural economy and diversify it, from the perspective of in wooden industries and residents of the village is positive and these industries have managed with differences in income index and reduce poverty exists between the two groups have a positive influence on the diversification of the economy have studied villages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Analysis of the Development Level of Rural Settlements and the Factors Affecting it (Case Study: The Central part of Iranshahr County)
Eskandar Seidaiy Hadi Rasti Sajedeh AzarAccording to the evidences and experiences, the developing of rural areas in proportion to their share and the status and functioning in the national economy have been badly neglected, and because of inattention to the role of geographical factors (Natural environment, MoreAccording to the evidences and experiences, the developing of rural areas in proportion to their share and the status and functioning in the national economy have been badly neglected, and because of inattention to the role of geographical factors (Natural environment, social, economic,…) in the ductility and spatial arrangements and the development of rural settlements, despite efforts in the country, especially after the revolution, instability and underdevelopment in the rural areas is still visible in Iran. Accordingly, this study seeks to examine the development level of rural settlements in the central part of Iranshahr and the role of geographical factors in that, from the local residents' point of view. The investigated factors comprise natural environment, spatial, social and economic ones. The research is descriptive-analytic and the total rural settlements of the central part of Iranshahr are the population. 19 villages and 294 heads of households were selected as the sample size. The obtained data were analyzed and processed through statistical methods in SPSS software. The results revealed a low rate of rural development in the central part of Iranshahr, i.e., is below the theoretical average (with an average of 2.43), and most of factors (apart from natural disasters, family aspect and employment rates) have a logical and significant relationship with rural development. Among them, the effect of spatial location factors and then, the social factors is more highlighted. Therefore, the development of rural settlements in the study area requires a fundamental revision in policies and programs for rural development, and also having a specific look at the role of some geographical factors in the development process of rural settlements is needed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - On the Analysis of the Role of Capacity Making in Reducing the Risk of Natural Hazards (Earthquakes) in Rural Areas (Case Study: Anjirab Rural District. Gorgan County)
hosein mosazadeh teymur Amar mehdi khodadadRural areas are the first vulnerable region in the face of natural hazards and are not insured against such risks. These areas, depending on their geographical location is affected by specific natural hazards due to more extreme poverty and the limited knowledge and tec MoreRural areas are the first vulnerable region in the face of natural hazards and are not insured against such risks. These areas, depending on their geographical location is affected by specific natural hazards due to more extreme poverty and the limited knowledge and technology compared to other human settlements against natural hazards are more vulnerable. For this reason, use of the potential of rural areas to reduce vulnerability is imperative. In this regard, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of creating capacity in the Anjirab rural district to reduce the amount of possible damages caused by earthquake. The purpose has been used descriptive - analytical method and field surveys. The study population was Anjirab rural district at Gorgan city which 4 populated village of this rural district, including Mohammadabad, Akbarabad, Zangian and Sadabad is selected and 200 heads of households were selected using Cochran formula and questionnaire was distributed randomly between them. Results obtained using the Friedman test and Spearman Spss software represent Anjirab rural district high capacity in physical- spatial and institutional dimensions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - study the status of indication of social housing in the rural of Rasht town
M.R. Porghafar Maghferati E. pourramzanHousing indicators are fundamental factor in rural planning. Evaluating social indicators of housing is one of the ways of understanding the characteristics of housing which facilitate any planning and decision-making in housing issues. The aim of this study is qualitat MoreHousing indicators are fundamental factor in rural planning. Evaluating social indicators of housing is one of the ways of understanding the characteristics of housing which facilitate any planning and decision-making in housing issues. The aim of this study is qualitative and quantitative assessment of social housing indicators in rural areas of Rasht county. The methodology used in this study is a combination of descriptive and analytical method and in terms of target is a practical research. Required information was obtained through documentary sources of six censuses conducted during the years of 1967 to 2012. The results revealed that social quantitative indicators of housing including : household density per dwelling, density of persons per room, density of persons per dwelling, distribution of housing units by number of rooms and households, is more appropriate and favorable than in the past. Moreover, qualitative social indicators of housing, namely, floor area of dwelling, durability of construction materials, ownership, way of possessing, infrastructure, facilities, show a growing trend and relative improvement although there are still some problems and shortcomings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Analyze the Impact of Natural Factors in the Spatial Distribution of Urban and Rural Settlements of Khonj County
Mohammad Ebrahim AfifiManagement and Planning of spatial structure of the optimal distribution of human population regardless of natural features, particularly the possibility of geomorphology is Impossible. It also drawing the outlook & future development without considering the operati MoreManagement and Planning of spatial structure of the optimal distribution of human population regardless of natural features, particularly the possibility of geomorphology is Impossible. It also drawing the outlook & future development without considering the operation and potential and weaknesses of geographic areas has not a desirable effect. Khonj city with a total of 89 urban and rural settlements located in the southern part of the Fars province and the climate is dry and hot. The distribution of this city is affected by various factors. This study assessed geomorphic factors affecting the spatial layout of settlements in the khonj city. The research is descriptive analysis using GIS. The findings of the study suggest that the establishment and expansion of settlements of khonj city directly affected by geomorphology of the area especially topography, slope of the land, cultivation of the land and distance from the river and fault. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Return migration and its impact on rural settlements Case study: Barough district in Miandoab county
R. Manafiazar A. abdollahee T. Alizadeh M. valaei A. Gasemi ArdehayiThe return migration is a process of migration from village to city and relatively long inhabitancy there and then returns to rural birthplace. Many factors affect this process and returnees' immigrants (repatriates) played a rule in rural development. This study has do MoreThe return migration is a process of migration from village to city and relatively long inhabitancy there and then returns to rural birthplace. Many factors affect this process and returnees' immigrants (repatriates) played a rule in rural development. This study has done for studying return migration factors and its outcome on rural area. This is an applied research and its method is analytical-descriptive. And its foundation is based on field survey and data collection tools are questionnaire and interview. The spatial domain of this research was Barough district of Miandoab County, southeast of west Azarbaijan. The participants are householders of returnees' immigration to this district in recent decade (2009-2014) that studied the research variables by using of Censuses of 96 returnees' householders. The questionnaire validity is formal and its stability obtained by using of Alpha Cronbach 0.83. The research was analyzed by using of descriptive statistic (dispersion index and tend to center) and inferential statistic (factor analysis with analyzing of components of one sample t-test, Kendall, Path analysis). The results of factor analysis showed that variable factors had important rules in returning of immigrants that among them economic, social - prosperity factors among loaded factors dedicated the most effect with values of 2.49, and 2.31, respectively. The results of path analysis of emigrants' returnees showed that returning of immigrants in villages dedicated the most effect among development-framework indices and the least outcome on social index Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - The Zoning of Economic Sustainability Levels of Rural Settlements (Case study: Qom Province)
hadi gharagozlou Abdolreza Rahmani Fazli farhad azizpour hamid jalalianAbstractThe sustainability of rural settlements depends on its economic sustainability. Today, sustainable economic development is considered as the main economic objective in the planning of developing countries. The prerequisite for planning for economic stabilization MoreAbstractThe sustainability of rural settlements depends on its economic sustainability. Today, sustainable economic development is considered as the main economic objective in the planning of developing countries. The prerequisite for planning for economic stabilization of villages is to be aware of their position and ability in this dimension. Accordingly, the present study is to analyze and measure the spatial levels of Economic Sustainability rural settlements located in Qom province. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of the method of research. The statistical population of the study includes inhabited villages of Qom province. For weighing the indicators of the research the F'ANP model has been utilized; by using the multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) method WASPAS indicators were integrated and the final indicator of development was determined. Determining the spatial pattern of sustainable economic development was conducted by cluster analysis method using ARC GIS software; linear regression was utilized to measure the effective factors in the final indicator of development. Besides, EXCEL, SPSS and MATLAB software were used as analysis tools. The results of this study showed rural settlements of Qom province are not in desirable position in terms of economic sustainability. In terms of sustainability, the studied Rural also differed significantly, indicating spatial inequality in terms of economic sustainability levels. Also, the impact of the factors studied was not as high as that. So that some factors have a greater impact on the economic sustainability of the studied rural. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - On the Analysis of the Effects of Villagers' Participation Level in Preparation and Adoption of Rural Guidance Plans (Case Study: Dashtestan County)
A. Anabestani S.M. MosaviThis study aimed to evaluate the participation level of villagers in the processes of preparation, adoption and implementation of the rural guidanceplans. This study is an applied one guidance ed in a descriptive-analytical method. The population of this study consisted MoreThis study aimed to evaluate the participation level of villagers in the processes of preparation, adoption and implementation of the rural guidanceplans. This study is an applied one guidance ed in a descriptive-analytical method. The population of this study consisted of 12 rural settlements in Dashtestan county in which, the participation of villagers in rural guidance plans was remarkably significant. In villages, the sample size was identified based on Cochran formula. The sample size included 257 households in two groups, one group included 136 households who had attended in the rural guidance plans and the other group included 121 households who had not participated in the plans. They were selected in simple random selection method and interviewed. In addition, 28 persons were also interviewed from the rural authorities. The results show that based on one-sample t-test, the villagers’ participation in preparation, adoption and implementation of rural guidance plans is in the moderate level and the mean of the villagers and officials’ attitudes towards participation were 2.63 and 2.73, respectively, which according to the results of t-tests of two independent samples, there is no significant difference between the views of these two groups. In addition, there was a significant relationship between the education and age of the individuals and the participation of villagers in the preparation, adoption and implementation of the rural guidance plans, and the correlation order was in moderate level (reverse and direct). However, there is no significant relationship between the participation of people and their jobs. Therefore, there is a significant relationship between individual characteristics and level of participation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Determining Tourism Priorities and Investment in selected Rural Tourism Sites in Northwest Guilan
Shahram AmirEntekhabi Reza Veissy Mojgan Sababkar Saeed MahmoodinyaAbstract Prioritization of selected touristic sites according to multi criteria decision technics, with the purpose of determining the tourism potentials of these areas for tourism planning, development and investment and launching reconstruction projects counts is cons MoreAbstract Prioritization of selected touristic sites according to multi criteria decision technics, with the purpose of determining the tourism potentials of these areas for tourism planning, development and investment and launching reconstruction projects counts is considered as a necessary approach to the process leading to uniform and sustainable development of rural areas and prevention of waste of time and money. In this research instances rural touristic areas in west Guilan are prioritized for tourism development and investment. To do this a descriptive-analytic approach is used along with 29 criteria, 11 of which concerning natural and human attractions, 5 regarding tourists attracting domain, and 9 involving authorized and programmable land area. Findings resulted from analytical hierarchy process (AHP) demonstrated that Lisar area, as a selected touristic site, was ranked as number one for tourism planning and development. This is because of the beautiful beach and historical sites in Lisar, its artificial, cultural and social attractions, as well as the touristic route with beautiful scenery. Esteel lagoon, regarded as having natural and human attractions such as lagoon, lake, penetrable forest, historical sites and social and cultural attractions stands second for tourism planning and development. Touristic village of Guisoom, being a part of Talesh county, with sand beach, forest route, and artificial and natural attractions achieved a rating of three for tourism planning and development Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Investigating the Conformity of Dismantling Principles with Guilan Rural Vernacular Architecture
Seyed Mehdi Amirkiaei Seyed Majid Mofidi Shemirani Mohammadjavad Mahdavinejad Mohammadmehdi Raeis SamieiThe dismantling method since the beginning of the design process makes it possible to reuse the components and materials of the building. This will reduce the consumption of new resources and energy,the waste generation and will protect the environment. The study of ver MoreThe dismantling method since the beginning of the design process makes it possible to reuse the components and materials of the building. This will reduce the consumption of new resources and energy,the waste generation and will protect the environment. The study of vernacular architecture in some regions shows similar principles in the structure of buildings with the principle of dismantling. A kind of vernacular architecture exists in northern Iran and in Guilan province. Guilan's vernacular rural architecture has its own unique structural and formal features whose its components are capable of dismantling due to the run technique ,type of fittings and proper materials. The purpose of this research is to define the dismantling, principles, objectives and its benefits as well as the investigation of Guilan rural vernacular architecture and its constituent structures and the degree of adaptability of this architecture to dismantling method. The research method is descriptive-analytic. Based on library and documentary studies and collecting field information, the data will be collected and analyzed.The statistical population includes rural vernacular houses of Guilan and sample size is some selected buildings chosen by targeted selection technique. The results of analyzes show that Guilan's vernacular rural architecture has the ability to dismantle due to the implementation technique, the use of fittings and appropriate materials and conforms to the principles of dismantling Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Investigating the Role of Document Issuance on improving the livability of Rural Settlements (Case study area: Zaborkhan rural district, Neishabour township)
Tahereh Sadeghloo reyhaneh saadati fatemeh akbariImplementation of the Rural Land Documentation Plan is one of the government's goals in achieving development and removing the deprivation of rural areas within the framework of the development plan. In this regard, implementation of the document issuance plan by affect MoreImplementation of the Rural Land Documentation Plan is one of the government's goals in achieving development and removing the deprivation of rural areas within the framework of the development plan. In this regard, implementation of the document issuance plan by affecting on quality of the environment and making the rural settlements sustainable, has provided a villagers stability and sense of belonging to place in rural communities. Accordingly, the present study was conducted to evaluate the impact of the document issuance plan on the livability of rural settlements. The statistical population of the study was 140 rural households, which was obtained by Cochran method (with error 0.1). The number of households benefiting from this plan implementation were the basis for the selection of the case study villages. The findings of this study indicate that implementation of the document issuance plan has contributed to the promotion of all aspects of economic, social, environmental and physical livability. The highest mean of this change was related to the physical-infrastructure component with 3.459 average mean. The effect of project implementation had a significant and direct relationship with the time interval of project implementation. The results also indicate that the physical-infrastructural component of livability had the greatest impact on the variable of project implementation history. Kruskalwalis test was conducted to investigate the advantages or disadvantages of the effects of document issuance on the viability of the settlements in the study that based on the result, Baghshan village had first position among other studied villages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Study of the effects and Consequence of Ecotourism residences on rural communities (Case Study: Kang Rural and Sepidar derakht in Razavi Khorasan Province)
Khadijeh Bouzarjomehri Fahimeh Jafari Alireza MoeiniThe present study was carried out to compare the effects and Consequence of populated settlements in the two villages of Kang (from Torqabeh Shandiz) and the Sepidar tree (from Mashhad city). Theoretical and empirical researches show that habitat residence plays an impo MoreThe present study was carried out to compare the effects and Consequence of populated settlements in the two villages of Kang (from Torqabeh Shandiz) and the Sepidar tree (from Mashhad city). Theoretical and empirical researches show that habitat residence plays an important role in the development and attraction of tourists and has many economic, social and environmental impacts on the host society.Method: The research method is descriptive-analytical and library and field methods are used for data collection. According to the Cochran formula, 184 people from the village of Kang and 77 villages of the Sepidar Derakht were selected as the sample and questioned. Validity (validity of indicators) was evaluated and confirmed by 10 Experts specializing in the field of tourism studies. The reliability of the questionnaire was obtained by using Cronbach's test (0.79) and the data were analyzed using a factor analysis method.Results: According to the Kizer Meyer test (KMO) and Bartlet test, which was equal to 797 and with a significant level of 0/000. The results show that the establishment of the residence of the economic, environmental and physical dimensions with the rates of 0.75 and 0.74, are the most frequent factors. To find out the difference between the effects of Ecotourism residence in Kang and Villas, Mann- Whitney U- test was used and the level of significance was more than 0.05, which indicates the difference between the economic and environmental impacts of the studied Rurals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Analysis of the Effects of Social Capital on Suitable Rural Governance, Case Study: Drake county, Shiraz township
soheila mohammadi maneigheh ahmadi Abdolhasan Torfi AliviOne of the requirements for achieving sustainable rural development is to provide a ground for the participation of villagers in their own destiny, which is possible through the strengthening of social capital under desirable rural governance. The purpose of this resear MoreOne of the requirements for achieving sustainable rural development is to provide a ground for the participation of villagers in their own destiny, which is possible through the strengthening of social capital under desirable rural governance. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of social capital on suitable rural governance of 7 villages in Drakan county in the central part of Shiraz country. The research type is applied and is of descriptive-analytical nature. Data collection method is library and field design, descriptive and inferential data analysis method and Vikor model are also used. The statistical population of this research is 3027 rural households in Drakan county. Using the Cochran formula, 341 families in 7 villages were selected to complete the questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire for social capital was 0.892% and for the suitable rural governance of 0.962%, which indicated their suitable value, and the formal validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of experts. The research findings show that with a confidence interval 99%, social capital and suitable rural governance are in a favorable situation. The results of the multivariate regression test show that there is a strong correlation with the value of 0.870 between social capital dimensions as an independent variable and desirable rural variable as a dependent variable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Analysis of Economic Barriers to Entrepreneurship Development in Rural Areas With structural and institutional approach Case Study: Zoeram Rural District, Shirvan County
seyede parvin hoseyni hossein farahaniAbstractToday, the world of economics has shifted from a large-scale management-oriented economy to a small-scale entrepreneurial economy, and entrepreneurship - especially in small and medium-sized businesses - is recognized as a way to adapt to the changing environmen MoreAbstractToday, the world of economics has shifted from a large-scale management-oriented economy to a small-scale entrepreneurial economy, and entrepreneurship - especially in small and medium-sized businesses - is recognized as a way to adapt to the changing environment and driving force of the economy. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the economic barriers to the development of tourism entrepreneurship in rural areas, which is in terms of nature and descriptive-analytical method and according to the practical objectives. The statistical population in this study includes people living in the villages of Zavaram district. In collecting information and data, library and field studies (observation and completion of the questionnaire) were used. After collecting information through the questionnaire, the data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and path analysis. The results showed that there is a direct relationship between economic barriers and structural institutional change with 0.235 percent, it is significant up to 95 percent, and economic barriers are considered effective, while economic barriers (failure of economic facilities, failure of support systems) , Supply and demand gap, inadequacy of coordination and economic participation, policy-making and legislation) are important and influential, such as the index of inadequacy of coordination and economic participation (0.388), failure of support systems (0.281), policy-making and legislation ( 0.132) are three indicators that have been assigned the first to third priorities in terms of effectiveness.According to the results, economic barriers are known to be effective, effective and undesirable, and in order to develop entrepreneurship in rural areas, major changes must be made in the structure and institution of various economic areas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Tourism and the Livability of Rural Space (A Comparative Study in Peri-Urban settlements of Birjand)
Mohammad Hajipour Fatemeh Khosravi mahmood falsoleymanIntroduction: Rural and non-urban settlements have long been confronted with structural challenges and functional issues. Presently, their "instability" has emerged as a major challenge for the space planning and management system. "Tourism development" is regarded as a MoreIntroduction: Rural and non-urban settlements have long been confronted with structural challenges and functional issues. Presently, their "instability" has emerged as a major challenge for the space planning and management system. "Tourism development" is regarded as an indispensable strategy in many countries to promote sustainability and enhance livability in rural and peri-urban areas.Research aim: The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of tourism on the livability of tourist destination settlements in Pirasher Birjand and compare it with a number of control villages (non-tourism villages) with a comparative approach.Research methodology: This is a documentary and survey research with an applied nature, and its method is a combination of descriptive and analytical methods. The tool for collecting information at the level of the studied settlements is a questionnaire, which has been used after checking and confirming its validity and reliability. The studied settlements include fourteen tourist destination villages in Pirasher Birjand and seven Shahid villages.Results: According to the findings, the livability status of the tourist destination villages in Birjand Pirasher has a significant difference with the control villages, and the overall livability index was higher in the tourist destination villages. Also, there is a significant difference between the four dimensions of livability (social, environmental, physical and economic). In general, it can be concluded that tourism has a positive effect on livability in peri-urban areas, and this effect takes place directly through the mechanism of changes in the employment status and income of residents of peri-urban settlements. The impact of tourism on the livability of rural areas has "spatial and geographical nationality".Conclusion: Finally, diversification of business fields in rural areas, especially Pirasher, can play a key role in changing and improving the livability of settlements. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - Spatial Analysis of Quality of Life in Rural Settlements (Case Study: Village of Boluran, Lorestan Province)
مجتبی قدیری معصوم هادی قراگزلو سجاد احمدی اکبر لرستانیThe quality of life is a multidimensional concept considered as a substitute for material wellbeing and has been formed as opposed to purely economic approach to development. The quality of life is often measured by using objective indicators or subjective indicators an MoreThe quality of life is a multidimensional concept considered as a substitute for material wellbeing and has been formed as opposed to purely economic approach to development. The quality of life is often measured by using objective indicators or subjective indicators and rarely both indicators. Accordingly, in this article it is tried to determine the quality of life in 10 rural settlements in Boluran rural district and its relationship with the population of villages using a combination of indicators. The present study is based on descriptive–analytical method and it is applied based on the objective of the study. The population under study consisted of villages in the province comprised of more than twenty rural households. The number of samples based on the Cochran formula was 140 households selected by stratified random sampling. Indices of the study according to the objectives of the study and similar studies in this area have been conducted in the four dimensions of economic, social, physical and environmental factors. Analysis of data obtained from the questionnaire was conducted by SPSS software using t-test and analysis of variance. The results indicated the poor conditions of quality of life in the villages of Boluran rural district. Also, the relationship between population and the quality of life is significant at α=0.05 such that with the increase of the population the quality of life also increases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - The Analysis Of Effective Factors On Rural-urban Linkages In Astara City
esfandyar rokhsarzadeh Ali poorfeykoei mohammadbaset ghoreshiRural – urban links between cities and countries are provided because of various streams such as data, investment, technology and innovation. Thus, it is referred to city as rural development motor. Despite various economical – social streams between countri MoreRural – urban links between cities and countries are provided because of various streams such as data, investment, technology and innovation. Thus, it is referred to city as rural development motor. Despite various economical – social streams between countries and Astara, there hasn't formed positive rural – urban connection from 1370 associated by rural development goal. But it seems that after providing relations between Iran and Azerbaijan from Astara border, traditional and simple relations of country and city has improved to rural – urban connections with a two – strains performance. The goal of this study is realization of types of relations between Astara and surrounding villages and analysis of underlying elements of rural – urban links. Statistical population is the villages having residents of Astara, 62 villages. Mass of sample is 24 countries or 38% of all of the villages. Analysis of data has done by SPSS software Results of research suggested decrease of migration of villages to urban part of Astra in recent 2 years; and also the relationship of Iran from land border has caused development of traffic of rural people to urban part, increase of telecommunications, increase of mutual understanding of village and city residents. And in economical phase, caused improvement in income situation, increase of mutual understanding of village and city residents. And in economical phase, caused improvement in income situation, providing new carriers and trade activities, formation of border bazaars, development of foreign trade, transition and services. Also factors such as suitcase trade and villagers' contribution in urban economy have provided rural – urban links with a two-strains performance. Villagers' contribution such as villager women has developed economical nets and improvement of bazaar, import and export section, transition in urban point, development of rural tourism, increase of tendency of land purchase, foundation of second houses and reverses migration in rural points and results suggests revolution of relationships from simple and traditional status to rural – urban links with a two-strains performance which improvement of these relations has been effective in rural development of region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - The Role of Rural Heritage Museum in Rural Cultural Development (case study: Guilan's Rural Heritage Museums)
مسعود مهدوی مینا ترابیRural tourism introduces new phenomena like establishment of rural heritage museums to village environment. As we know climate conditions and ethnic and racial diversities are high in our country. So, it is not surprising if our new generation has little information abo MoreRural tourism introduces new phenomena like establishment of rural heritage museums to village environment. As we know climate conditions and ethnic and racial diversities are high in our country. So, it is not surprising if our new generation has little information about socio-cultural, ethnic, tribal, architectural, city making background, and forefather’s style of living. As a result, to improve the condition, one of the ways is to introduce geographical and historical background to today’s generation to effectively introduce it to foreign tourists, consequently. The establishment of rural heritage museums can effectively indicate the cultural personality. Guilans’ rural heritage museum is a national plan and a pattern in setting up open-space museums. These museums’ can be an amalgamation of old rural and old structure, artistic works and objects, local food, play, game, and music that play an important role in changing the view toward rural culture among rural and urban visitors. The present study aims at exploring the role and effects of these museums on socio-cultural indicators. The method used is descriptive-analytic. The data reached have been classified by SPSS and through non-parametric test of Pearson, a meaningful “q” square was determined for socio-cultural indicators and related analyses. The survey done through field studies and questionnaires reveal that establishment of open-space museum like Guilan’s rural heritage museum is useful in different regains. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Analysis of Tourism potentials and capabilities from Baghbahadoran Villagers’ point of view
کاظم جاجرمی حسین سلیمانیToday, the tourism industry, especially domestic tourism, has earned an important status in a country’s economy and plays an effective role in enhancing economic, social, and cultural structure in all countries, especially developing countries. The present study w MoreToday, the tourism industry, especially domestic tourism, has earned an important status in a country’s economy and plays an effective role in enhancing economic, social, and cultural structure in all countries, especially developing countries. The present study was generally intended to examine the impacts of tourism on rural areas with a particular emphasis on villagers’ behavioral geography. The study was also aimed to propose strategies to develop these areas to, eventually, reach the best possible model for development. To do so, a documentary and field research methods were employed. After studying and analyzing academic sources and documents, the villagers were given a questionnaire to examine and analyze their opinions on rural development, which resulted in establishing strategies for development. Therefore, tourism and rural tourism play an effective role in rural sustained development. In addition, villagers’ behaviors have been effective in attracting tourists to the area. Finally, the existence of many natural capacities can play an important part in attracting tourists. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - The Role of NGOs in rural youths and women Empowerment (Case of Ardogash Village)
majid yasooriThe strategy of sustainable development is aimed at the utilization of capabilities in rural communities to help meet the material and intellectual needs while establishing equilibrium between the constituents of local residence system (including ecological, social, eco MoreThe strategy of sustainable development is aimed at the utilization of capabilities in rural communities to help meet the material and intellectual needs while establishing equilibrium between the constituents of local residence system (including ecological, social, economic and institutional elements). Different reasons, including incapability, cause the absence of village-dwellers in the process of designing and implementing rural development plans. Empowerment and acquiring the skills of optimal utilization of local resources in total lay the groundwork for the facilitation of participation. One of the most important styles of rural empowerment is the establishment of local institutions (Non Governmental Organizations). Learning about the grounds of forming and developing local foundations and the roles they play in the process of rural development and promotion is prominently important in the course of sustainable development, particularly for the rural youths and women. The present field research has been carried out in the villages of Orduqash rural district with special focus on the Club of Young Farmers as the only active institution in the region. (The participants filled out 60 questionnaires and answered the interview questions.) Results of the present study indicate that the institute has brought about the means of staging educational programs, setting up the centers of social activity such as horticultural crops' packaging center, launching special groups of entrepreneurship, forming cultural and athletic groups etc. These activities have been effectual in the development of abilities and skills, particularly among the rural youths and women, the growth of incomes and creation of new jobs which can collectively contribute to the realization of sustainable rural development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - LocalManagementRolein The Empowermentof RuralWomen(Case Study:SouthernAstarābādRural District of Gorgan)
aliakbar najafikai zeinab vesalLocal management is a relatively new concept which is a key element of solving problems ­ rustic look and its application in the field of rural problems is increasing day by­ day. One of the most effective strategies in the development and sustainability o MoreLocal management is a relatively new concept which is a key element of solving problems ­ rustic look and its application in the field of rural problems is increasing day by­ day. One of the most effective strategies in the development and sustainability of rural areas, the role of local leaders in rural development. Proper implementation and management of policies and investments so rural development programs in directed them to use their abilities, ability and community participation in sustainable rural development paves the way to.­ Proper implementation and management of policies and investments so Rural development programs in the form led them to use their skills, capabilities and community participation to achieve Sustainable development of rural smoothly. Given the key role of rural women in particular, agricultural production, Rural Industries and. They are important in the process of rural development, and enabling them to develop new concepts and focus strengthen poverty alleviation strategy in rural areas are known. In this context, this paper attempts to examine the role Local Leaders (Council of Dhyary) the empowerment of rural women in Astarābād district located in the southern city of Gorgan pay. Methods The study was descriptive - analytical and study population of 200 women using Cochran formula selected rural villages in South Astarābād A random sample of / Systmayk are obtained. sensing data for the test correlation analysis (Spearman, Kendall Kramer) and Mac Nemar in soft SPSS software is used The research findings suggest that local managers with their actions impact Attention in various fields including employment opportunities appropriate, increase revenue, strengthen co and women's organizations and Also the skill rural women in rural South Astarābād have. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - Analysis of Socio-Economic and Physical Environmental Effects of Second Home Construction in Tourism Villages, Based on Host Community point of view (Case Study: Barase Village - Tonkabon Township)
gharib Fazelniya akbar kiani mehdi ramezan zadeh elham afsharIntroduction The second home is one of the reasons that tourists notice to villages. Also, those often built because of spending leisure time in rural areas. The second home phenomenon is growing in developing countries rapidly. Also, it is a respond to r MoreIntroduction The second home is one of the reasons that tourists notice to villages. Also, those often built because of spending leisure time in rural areas. The second home phenomenon is growing in developing countries rapidly. Also, it is a respond to rural crises that caused by change in agricultural methods. In addition, this phenomenon augmented by the climatic and geographic differences, Rural and urban migration, Environmental Pollution, Population and overcrowding in cities, improve of way communications, Increase the benefit of personal car. Over all, developing of such kind of tourism has social, economical and environmental consequences. Research Methodology The aim of this study is to analyze the effects of second home on tourism rural structure of Baraseh village in Tonkabon Township. This study focused on economic, social and physical environment aspects. The descriptive analytic research method was based on documental library studies, documental resources, finding fields and questionnaire surveying. Results The results indicated that the host community satisfaction was less than average, in economic domain, social and physical-environment factors. In this study accounted significant level of alpha 0.05 considered and it was equal to 0.000.this result shows that there is significant agreement between answers. The most important positive outcomes were an increase in job opportunities, sale of local products, improvement in the quality of the services and village's streets and reconstruction of the old houses and reconstruction. The negative consequences are increasing of land and house price, Conversion agricultural gardens to home gardens , increasing of the non-Native ownership of rural land and housing, destroying the rural landscape and the higher construction rate. Conclusion Tourist attractions in potential regions provide an opportunity to develop rural areas, especially tourism villages, which provide people for relaxation and comfort on one hand and on the other hand have deep consequences for the towns themselves and brings opportunities as well as dangers for rural societies. Tourism and second home construction in Berse rural area is Spontaneous and it has no predetermined plan. In fact, it has negative and positive consequences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - Study and assessment of people's participation in rural development(case study: soltanali rural district of Gonbab Kavus)
aliakbar najafi kani mohamad mirzaaliParticipation and cooperation culture have a root in long history of Iranian people and it’s a part of traditional culture in development culture. This concept since 1970 by propose some concepts in scientific and executive circles such as economic, cultural. Deve MoreParticipation and cooperation culture have a root in long history of Iranian people and it’s a part of traditional culture in development culture. This concept since 1970 by propose some concepts in scientific and executive circles such as economic, cultural. Development and stable development obtained more significance. And not it’s a missing link of development process then the present research with due attention to the significant. Of matter on hand, try to study the village of soltanali rural district of Gonbad Kavos province comparatively. This research is descriptive- analytic and field- based and to measure the research components, we use chi-square experiments, correlation analyzes, Variance analyze, logistic regression and Kruskal-Wallis. And obtained results indicate that between people's social and economic level and place with the amount of their participation in line with rural development, there is a meaningful connection at the high and acceptable level. And further more people's participation play a key (main) role in developing of rural areas in studding area.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Rural Women Access to Nutritional Services: A Case Study Concerning Rural Women in Bangladesh
Mohammed Nasir Uddin Nusrat Zahan Liza Mohammad Asaduzzaman Sarker Julius Githinji Muchemi Sharmin Akter Zujaja Wahaj Saifur RahmanEquity of access to primary health services is critical for the most vulnerable and marginalised people in our societies. Despite global efforts to establish universal health care systems, women continue to be among society's most underserved citizens in both poor urban MoreEquity of access to primary health services is critical for the most vulnerable and marginalised people in our societies. Despite global efforts to establish universal health care systems, women continue to be among society's most underserved citizens in both poor urban and rural settings. The main barriers may include economic, geographic, cultural, or institutional factors. Monitoring access inequalities to primary health care services is critical in providing policymakers with an evidence-based solutions more equity-oriented policies, programmes, and practices towards improving long and healthy life for all people in the society. The main purpose of the study was to explore what factors influence women’s access to health services provided through government and civil society health programmes. It also examines the evolution of nutritional programs under government and civil society organizations in Bangladesh to provide insights on their design considerations to inform future design, deliver, and access of health care programmes by women in Bangladesh. Findings indicated that only 50% of rural women had access to health programmes. In addition, young and education women with high exposure to public awareness opportunities had more access health programmes. Further, health programme delivered through government and civil society design and delivery mechanisms reached out to more women. The study concludes that understanding women's circumstances and taking institutional design into account for operational effectiveness are crucial for the design and delivery of health services to rural areas, given these challenges. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - Analysis of Factors Determining Households Food Security in Pastoral Area Oromia Region, Moyale District, in Ethiopia
Amsalu Mitiku Bekabil Fufa Beyene Tadese -
Open Access Article
82 - اولویت بندی سرمایه های معیشت روستاییان بخش مرکزی شهرستان دنا: کاربرد مدل تحلیل شبکه (ANP)
زینب شریفی مهدی نوری پوررویکرد معیشت پایدار، در دهه 1980، به عنوان رویکرد تحلیلی جدید در زمینه توسعه روستایی مطرح شده است که در این رویکرد سرمایه­ های معیشتی روستایی اساس توانمندی و قدرت دخالت روستاییان در سرنوشت فردی و اجتماعی­شان را تشکیل می­ دهند. مقاله حاضر با هدف پاسخ به این پ Moreرویکرد معیشت پایدار، در دهه 1980، به عنوان رویکرد تحلیلی جدید در زمینه توسعه روستایی مطرح شده است که در این رویکرد سرمایه­ های معیشتی روستایی اساس توانمندی و قدرت دخالت روستاییان در سرنوشت فردی و اجتماعی­شان را تشکیل می­ دهند. مقاله حاضر با هدف پاسخ به این پرسش است که در راستای ارتقای مداخله­ گری­ های توسعه روستایی، میزان اهمیت هر کدام از انواع سرمایه­ های معیشت در بخش مرکزی شهرستان دنا چقدر است؟ جامعه آماری خبرگان محلی بخش مرکزی شهرستان دنا شامل دهیاران و اعضای شورای روستایی آن بودند که 15 نفر به صورت هدفمند و براساس دسترسی به عنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند. گردآوری داده­ ها از طریق پرسشنامه انجام شد که به منظور انجام مقایسات زوجی سرمایههای معیشت براساس روش ANP طراحی شده بود. از نرم افزار Super Decisions به منظور رتبه­ بندی سرمایه ­های معیشت و زیرشاخص­ های آن استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که در بین 5 دسته سرمایه، سرمایه فیزیکی در اولویت اول و سرمایه انسانی در اولویت دوم قرار گرفته­ اند. هم­چنین سرمایه طبیعی و سرمایه اجتماعی به ترتیب اولویت سوم و چهارم را به خود اختصاص دادند. در نهایت سرمایه مالی در اولویت آخر قرار گرفته است. بنابراین در برنامه ­ریزی و سرمایه­ گذاری برای دستیابی به معیشت پایدار در روستا لازم است سرمایه فیزیکی و انسانی بیش از سایر سرمایه ­ها مورد توجه قرار گیرند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - investigate the factors affecting the achievement of the goals of the tribal rural educational complexes from the perspective of managers and deputies
mirbashir hemmatyar Mahdi Norouzi Mirsadeg Jameie Farshid AshrafiThe purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the achievement of the goals of the tribal rural educational complexes from the perspective of managers and deputies. This research is a methodological descriptive survey. The statistical population of t MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the achievement of the goals of the tribal rural educational complexes from the perspective of managers and deputies. This research is a methodological descriptive survey. The statistical population of this study consisted of 50 managers and assistants working in educational complexes in Maku city. The instrument used in this study was a researcher-made questionnaire whose face validity was confirmed by experts and Cronbach's alpha was used to determine its reliability (0.696). The data were analyzed by one-sample t-test. The results showed that: From the perspective of managers and assistants, the promotion of educational and educational justice and the expansion of academic coverage, interaction with the influence of experienced forces, improved management and facilitated supervision and guidance. They have a significant impact on the achievement of the goals of the tribal rural educational complexes. Optimal utilization of services and facilities does not have a significant impact on the achievement of the objectives of the nomadic rural educational complexes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Developmental Quotient, Anxiety and Depression in Urban and Rural Students
Maede Ranjbar Susan RahimzadehThe purpose of this study was to compare intellectual development quotient, symptoms of anxiety and depression in urban and rural elementary school students in Babol. 90 urban students (47 girls and 43 boys) and 90 rural students (47 girls and 43 boys) from the first to MoreThe purpose of this study was to compare intellectual development quotient, symptoms of anxiety and depression in urban and rural elementary school students in Babol. 90 urban students (47 girls and 43 boys) and 90 rural students (47 girls and 43 boys) from the first to the sixth grade of elementary school were selected by available (voluntary) method and draw a person test (Royer, 1984, quoted by the dadsetan, 1395) were drawn. The results of multivariate analysis of variance showed that intellectual development quotient (F = 0.051 and P <0.05) did not differ between the two groups of urban and rural elementary school students, but the symptoms of anxiety (F = 7.974 and 0.01). P <0) and depression (F = 12.295 and P <0.001) are more in rural students than urban students. And residence status is able to explain 4% of the variance of anxiety and 6% of the variance of depression is the difference between the two groups. In the end, emphasis was placed on educational and training changes along with socio-economic changes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - Study the effects of reorganization schemes in the social development of rural space and rural settlements (Case Study of Ardebil)
Elahe Ajoudani Sayed Hassan HosseiniThe planning for the sustainable development of rural areas as a spatial is one of the subjects of physical and environmental socio-economic issues. Countries try to achieve to the goals of development in all physical and environmental socio-economic by mobilizing their MoreThe planning for the sustainable development of rural areas as a spatial is one of the subjects of physical and environmental socio-economic issues. Countries try to achieve to the goals of development in all physical and environmental socio-economic by mobilizing their capabilities and equipments its. Civil and Rural Development, is a fundamental step that improves the social, economic and cultural village that has certainly all-round development of rural areas, urban areas also can reach to needful impact and we will see all-round development in the community. Two things will happen if this matter be achieved, one is stabilization of population and another is reverse migration to the countryside's And in contrary if villages are behaved unkindly, the young, educated and capable people will leave the vulnerable and pristine environment of the village and will inhabit in the fringes in big cities. Organization design space and rural settlements make it possible to have a comprehensive understanding of the region to see first and second causes of any socio-economic characteristics and be explained And the third as a comprehensive program in a ten-years time horizon of rural properties in the region predict and implementation mechanisms in order to achieve sustainable rural development to be traced. This Study is to investigate the role and organization design in the development of rural space and rural settlement in Ardebil. In this study, using cross - sectional and device experts emphasize the attitude of provinces, cities, part of the social dimensions - cultural, economic, functional - the statistical tests to investigate the role of environmental projects in the organization of space and rural settlements Wiki rural development and the need to review the implementation of the proposals made in these projects as well as the reasons for non-implementation proposals The design of the development budget constraints, lack of coordination agencies and organizations involved in rural development and lack of public participation can be named. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - Factors affecting the acceptance of agricultural insurance (Case study: Planting pistachios in rural areas of Abarkouh)
Alireza Estelaji Abraham Fathinia Vahideh Akrami AbarghoeeBecause farmers as part of human economic activity has an essential role in the life and development of communities, including rural communities. Among which pistachios due to its high nutritional value, the demand for international markets, and in accordance with the c MoreBecause farmers as part of human economic activity has an essential role in the life and development of communities, including rural communities. Among which pistachios due to its high nutritional value, the demand for international markets, and in accordance with the climatic conditions of our country should be considered. This article is the purpose of the survey is analytical descriptive approach. In this article is subject to effective factors in acceptance insurance (Case Study: pistachio cultivation in rural areas Abarkouh County) has been paid, and how to collect data on library and field (use of articles, books, theses, organizations of all sizes, soft software, Minitab and SPSS) was investigated using logistic regression. The study population of rural residents Abarkouh County are those who are engaged in the cultivation of pistachios (whether as principal activity or as a secondary activity alongside other jobs or other cultures). The required data using 141 questionnaires were collected through random sampling in the 2015-2016 season. In order to assess the validity of factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha was used to measure the reliability of that amount was determined as 85%. The results show, structures such as pistachio education, product performance, employment, the provision of timely service, satisfaction, compensation, communication with experts and advocates to promote, attend classes and membership positively and acceptance are significant and pistachio crop insurance. The rate of satisfaction of compensation, the structures on insurance adoption among the pistachio pistachio is Abarkuh rural County Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - Comparative study of development levels in stable and unstable population villages
مریم قاسمیUndoubtedly, the most important population problem in rural areas of all developing countries, including Iran, is population evacuation of rural settlements. With the assumption that the level of development depends on the permanence of the population of rural settlemen MoreUndoubtedly, the most important population problem in rural areas of all developing countries, including Iran, is population evacuation of rural settlements. With the assumption that the level of development depends on the permanence of the population of rural settlements, the present research investigates the comparative aspects of development between two groups of stable and unstable villages. The research method is descriptive-analytical with a comparative approach. The research tool is 380 household questionnaires in 41 sample villages in Mashhad city. Information was collected by documentary and survey methods. Sampling has been done by stratified method and the questionnaire contains questions that try to quantify the different dimensions of development in two groups of stable and unstable population villages in three dimensions and 62 indicators. Data analysis was done using inferential two-sample t and Yeoman-Whitney tests. The 20-year population balance of Mashhad city (65-85) shows that 74% of the rural settlements of the city with a negative population balance are immigrant-first and only 26% of the settlements with a positive population balance are receptive to immigration. A comparative study shows a higher level of development in the three economic, social and environmental dimensions in the population stable villages with 14.5, 21.4, 11.1 respectively compared to the demographically unstable villages with 13.3, 20.9, 9.1 respectively and in total the degree of development in the villages Stable population with 23.6 is higher than unstable population with 19.5. The results of this research can be used in development planning. Currently, most of the rural areas and settlements of the city are on the margins, this is the necessity of planning in order to reduce spatial imbalances in the rural areas of the city (between stable and unstable population villages) and efforts to improve the level of development in different dimensions in It reflects the low-population villages. most of the rural areas and settlements of the city are on the margins, this is the necessity of planning in order to reduce spatial imbalances in the rural areas of the city (between stable and unstable population villages) most of the rural areas and settlements of the Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - Designing Sustainable Rural Development Pattern Using Fuzzy Delphi Techniques
Hamid Rezaii Rohollah Samii Hosein Dideh Khani Samereh ShojaiiThe purpose of this research is to design a sustainable rural development model using Fuzzy Delphi method in Golestan province. This research is descriptive according to the nature of it, and according to the defined purpose, it is a practical type and is a survey based MoreThe purpose of this research is to design a sustainable rural development model using Fuzzy Delphi method in Golestan province. This research is descriptive according to the nature of it, and according to the defined purpose, it is a practical type and is a survey based on its method. The community of this research is made up of experts and academic experts selected to develop entrepreneurship in the villages. Data were collected using interviews and questionnaires. Fuzzy Delphi technique was used. In total, a questionnaire was sent to 50 experts and university professors who were identified. A census method was used to determine the sample size. Therefore, the sample size of 50 people was determined and the sampling method was sampling, judging sampling and snowball sampling Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - Qualitative analysis of teachers' views towards environmental education in rural schools
Alireza NazarianIn recent years, attention to environmental education especially in rural environments has attracted the attention of many educational experts. The aim of the present study was to investigate the experiences of teachers in relation to environmental education in rural sc MoreIn recent years, attention to environmental education especially in rural environments has attracted the attention of many educational experts. The aim of the present study was to investigate the experiences of teachers in relation to environmental education in rural schools. To serve that end, a qualitative approach and phenomenological method were used. Consequently, unstructured interviews were conducted with 13 teachers using the purposeful sampling method. To analyze the data, thematic analysis was used. The analysis of the interviews revealed three main themes (regressive approach, progressive approach, and indifference approach), 13 sub-themes, and 31 refined themes. The findings of the research indicated teachers' lack of real involvement in environmental education, lack of trust in the efficiency of environmental education, absence of employing of new methods, superficial knowledge about the environment, and absence of attempts to use new methods in education. It is concluded that teachers play a significant role in environmental education, so training and preparing them can improve environmental education. Manuscript profile
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