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Open Access Article
1 - Electrodeposition of cobalt oxide thin films for potential applications
Sandra Augustine Azubike Ekpunobi Diemiruaye Jeroh -
Open Access Article
2 - Optical, magnetic characterization, and gamma-ray interactions for borate glasses using XCOM program
Y. S. Rammah A. S. Abouhaswa A. H. Salama R. El-Mallawany -
Open Access Article
3 - Effect of Stock Price Pressure on Management Earnings Forecasts
Sina Kheradyar S. Mozaffar Mirbargkar Masoud Asadi Shaban MohammadiThis research examines the relationship between cost-based adoption of activity and performance. It also deals with the evaluation of the tendency of choice (abandonment) and the nature of endogenousity. The Hackman model was used to evaluate the trend of sample selecti MoreThis research examines the relationship between cost-based adoption of activity and performance. It also deals with the evaluation of the tendency of choice (abandonment) and the nature of endogenousity. The Hackman model was used to evaluate the trend of sample selection and the approach of Waldridge 2 SLS-IV, to investigate the endogenous. Among the companies admitted to Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2014 to 2018, randomly, 230 companies were sent questionnaires, 198 of them participated in the survey (86% response rate). After the initial processing, 170 data remained as an example for analysis. The results showed that after controlling the trend of sample selection and introversion, the cost-based costing based on activity in the Hackman method and activity-based costing in the 2SLS-IV method Compared to the activity-based cost-benefit ratio, it is significantly higher in the least-squares method. In addition, both reverse Mills proportions are positive and significant under the Factor Hackman and Hausman model under the Weldridge 2 SLS method, which confirms the presence of both trends in sample selection and endogenous. In general, controlling the trend of sample selection and introversion to properly assess the importance of the relationship between cost-based activity-based activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - The Study of Optical Properties Exciton Based of Molecular Quantum Dot
Ali Mahmoudloo -
Open Access Article
5 - Volumetric and viscometric studies of -alanine in water and ammonia solution at 293- 313K: structure making and breaking effect
Adeogun Abideen Idowu Idowu Abidemi Mopelola Ahmed Sikiru Akinyeye Ayegbusi Samuel Temitope -
Open Access Article
6 - Structural Relationship Between Randić Indices, Adjacency, Distance Matrixes and Molar Absorption Coefficient of Linear Conjugated Polyene Compounds
Avat (Arman) Taherpour Fatemeh Shafiee -
Open Access Article
7 - The Effects of Using Molasses as a Replacement for Sugar on Dough Properties and Volume and Color of Shortened Cake
Banafsheh Aghamohammadi Masoud Honarvar Babak Ghiassi Tarzi Babak DelkhoshIntroduction: Cake has been accepted as a snack food and part of daily meals for families nowadays and consequently its nutritional values have become important. The use of different components has been considered to improve the cake quality, shelf life and nutritional MoreIntroduction: Cake has been accepted as a snack food and part of daily meals for families nowadays and consequently its nutritional values have become important. The use of different components has been considered to improve the cake quality, shelf life and nutritional properties, in recent years.Materials and Methods: In this research, the effects of substituting 25, 50, 75 and 100% of sugar with molasses, on viscosity, density and pH of dough, volume and color of cake, are studied.Results: The results of these experiments showed that pH values of the dough don’t have a meaningful difference as compared to the control sample in all the cases examined. The viscosity decreased in all the samples containing molasses and the differences were significant. By increasing the level of substitution, density and volume of the product increased and decreased respectively. Evaluation of crumb color showed that all of samples are darker than the control.Conclusion: According to the results, the shelf life of the cakes might be increased and the quality and nutritional values might be improved by using molasses in the formulation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Investigation of Phenolic Compounds in Various Stages of Sugar Crystallization Process and Changes During Storage
مسعود Honarvar فاطمه Seyed Sajadi احمد Kalbasi Ashtari کامبیز Larijani بابک Delkhosh پرنیان MotaghianIntroduction: Sugar is highly consumed and is used as an ingredient for other foods. This product is produced by a long and expensive process. Some parts of this process might be eliminated to prevent the loss of nutrients with high value. In this study phenolic compoun MoreIntroduction: Sugar is highly consumed and is used as an ingredient for other foods. This product is produced by a long and expensive process. Some parts of this process might be eliminated to prevent the loss of nutrients with high value. In this study phenolic compounds have been considered as a valuable indicator among the nutrients to be studied regarding the changes during one year storage that is the mean shelf life for sugar. Materials and Methods: In this study the effect of storage time on sugar samples is investigated by measuring the changes in phenolic compounds by singleton method and changes of chemical and microbial attributes by the international standards of ICUMSA. Results: Chemical tests indicated that the storage time reduced the color, invert sugar and sucrose while the phenolic compounds were increased considerably. Conclusion: According to the results, with controlled conditions one might produce sugars of high quality and on the other hand through the production one might prevent the loss of nutrients. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - The Effect of Molasses on Dough Rheological Properties and Quality of Toast Bread
Alyeh Hashemi Khebreh Masoud Honarvar Seyyed Mahdi Seyedein Ardebili Homa BehmadiIntroduction: In Iran and some other countries bread is considered a staple food. Therefore by increasing the nutritional value, decreasing the wastage, improving the quality and shelf life, bread might provide the nutritional need of the consumer to a great extent. The MoreIntroduction: In Iran and some other countries bread is considered a staple food. Therefore by increasing the nutritional value, decreasing the wastage, improving the quality and shelf life, bread might provide the nutritional need of the consumer to a great extent. The addition of molasses as a good source of minerals and vitamins improves the nutritional quality and consequently affects the health of the people. This research is aimed to investigate the effects of molasses addition molasses on dough rheological properties and quality of Toast Bread.Materials and Methods: Molasses was added to wheat flour at 1, 3, 5 and 7 percent levels. Chemical properties of molasses and wheat flour were determined. Rheological properties of dough formulations were evaluated. Specific volume and firmness of bread were measured over the periods of 0, 2, 4, 6 days. Sensory characteristics of breads were evaluated after the periods of 24, 48 and 72 hours.Results: The results indicated that the dough made with molasses was more stable than the control that was made from wheat flour. The bread that contained molasses showed an increase in specific volume and higher acceptability. During the storage breads supplemented with molasses maintained higher degree of softness. Conclusion: It was concluded that the addition of %5 molasses improved dough rheological properties and shelf life of the produced bread, Therefore molasses might be employed as a quality improver in production of bread. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Optimization of the ultrasound-assisted extraction process of aspartic acid from molasses and its anti-scaling capability in sugar industry evaporators
Morassa Mokhtarian M. Honarvar maryam mizani M. GhavamiThis study aimed to optimize the extraction of aspartic acid from sugar beet molasses using an ultrasound-assisted extraction method and its use as a green antiscaling agent in the evaporator tubes of the sugar industry. The results of ultrasound-assisted extraction sho MoreThis study aimed to optimize the extraction of aspartic acid from sugar beet molasses using an ultrasound-assisted extraction method and its use as a green antiscaling agent in the evaporator tubes of the sugar industry. The results of ultrasound-assisted extraction showed that the linear model is the best model to describe the behavior of aspartic acid extraction. It was determined that the optimal conditions for extracting aspartic acid using the ultrasound-assisted method include an extraction temperature of 25.09 °C, pH equal to 7, ultrasound power of 69.99%, and no ethanol. Aspartic acid extracted under optimal conditions with three different concentrations (10, 25, and 50 mg/100g) at three various temperatures (60, 90, and 120 °C) was applied to the scales of the evaporator tubes of the sugar industry. The results showed that the highest anti-scaling efficiency for all three processes was related to the treatment performed at 90 °C with a concentration of 50 mg/100 g. FESEM images showed that with increasing temperature up to 90 °C and increasing concentration up to 50 mg/100g, the scales formed on the evaporator tube changed from crystalline and uniform state to porous with fine particles. The results of EDS showed that by increasing the temperature to 90 °C and increasing the concentration to 50 mg/100g, the calcium and silica content in the scales of the evaporator tubes decreases. The results of FTIR showed that by applying aspartic acid as an antiscaling of stable crystals, the scales become smaller and more unstable crystals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Development of a New Model to Estimate the Technical Quality of Sugar Beet in the Semi – Arid Climate
M. Honarvar I. Alimoradi -
Open Access Article
12 - Effect of Storage Temperature and Light on the Freeze-Dried Amino Acids from Sugar Beet and Sugar Cane Molasses
M. Varaee M. Honarvar M. H. Eikani M. R. Omidkhah N. Mooraki -
Open Access Article
13 - Analysis of the Parameters Affecting on the Performance and Energy Efficiency of Biodiesel Production from Waste Oil
Golmohammad Khoobbakht Mahmoud karimiBackground and Objective: The steady increase in energy demand and the depletion of crude oil resources have led to the search for renewable and sustainable fuels. Biodiesel is the best alternative to diesel because it is environmentally friendly. Biodiesel is typically MoreBackground and Objective: The steady increase in energy demand and the depletion of crude oil resources have led to the search for renewable and sustainable fuels. Biodiesel is the best alternative to diesel because it is environmentally friendly. Biodiesel is typically produced by the transesterification method. In this study, energy efficiency and the effect of reaction time and temperature as well as the molar ratio of methanol to oil on biodiesel production from waste oil were investigated.Methods: In this study, the energy of inputs such as manpower, edible oil waste, alcohol (methanol), catalyst (KOH), electricity and energy of biodiesel production machine and energy output including: biodiesel, glycerol, alcohol additives, water, soap, mono-glyceride and Diglyceride was calculated to calculate energy efficiency. Also, to calculate the yield, the weight of fatty acid esters and triglycerides of waste oil from the reaction was measured.Findings and Conclusions: The results of this study showed that these three parameters of reaction time and temperature as well as the molar ratio of methanol to oil affected the performance of the transesterification reaction by the conventional method. The molar ratio of methanol to oil was 6: 1, the reaction time was 60 minutes and the reaction temperature was 60 ° C with 95% conversion of triglycerides to fatty acid esters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Production of ethanol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae from byproduct of sugar industry in a batch fermentation system
Farshid Ghorbani Habibollah Younesi Abbas Esmaeili Sari Seyed Mahmoud Ghasempouri Malihe Amini Ali DaneshiA great amount of agricultural wastes are produced in Iran, which can be converted into suitable sources of ethanol production. Molasses is one of the cheapest and most frequent carbon sources which are available for ethanol production. This application, besides prevent MoreA great amount of agricultural wastes are produced in Iran, which can be converted into suitable sources of ethanol production. Molasses is one of the cheapest and most frequent carbon sources which are available for ethanol production. This application, besides preventing molasses from entering the environment, produces a clean fuel which is compatible with nature. The main goal of this study was to produce ethanol as a clean and environment-friendly fuel. To this end, the biosynthesis of ethanol was conducted by Saccharomyces cerevisiae PTCC5010, using cane molasses as substrate through batch fermentation processes. Experiments were carried out at the ambient temperature (25o C) and pH 4.5. Batch ethanol production was carried out with 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 gl-1 of cane molasses. The total sugar consumption, maximum ethanol production, and productivity at 50 gl-1 of molasses were 93.27%, 9.3 g ethanol/l molasses,and 0.24 g ethanol/g total sugar,respectively. However, the maximum cell dry weight and biomass yield were 5.15 g CDW/l and 0.18 g CDW/g total sugar, respectively. The results showed that the applied substrate could indeed support the production of a sustainable biofuel. These alternatives exhibited comparable biological activity in comparison with the fuels obtained using more costly biomasses. . Also, ethanol can be substituted with fossil fuels because of the low pollution produced as a result of its combustion Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Analyzing the similarity of Avini's speech texts with Jung and Molana in mystical teachings
seidezahra hosseini nia saber emami Amir Ismaeil Azarbefore and after it, it forms an intertwined network of meanings, similarities and semantic and linguistic differences. From this point of view, it is comparative and interacts with the texts before and after itself. As a branch of contemporary literature, sacred defens Morebefore and after it, it forms an intertwined network of meanings, similarities and semantic and linguistic differences. From this point of view, it is comparative and interacts with the texts before and after itself. As a branch of contemporary literature, sacred defense literature has acquired some of its meanings through interactive relationships with earlier texts, especially mystical texts, and from a comparative perspective with mystical literature, it is somewhat in line with a common meaning-making discourse. In this article, we have tried to analyze the mystical origins and the similarity of the texts of Avini with the works of Molana and Carl Gustav Jung using a descriptive analytical method with a comparative approach. The results of this research show the alignment of Avini's words with concepts such as; manifestation, light, darkness, and the meeting of God, which are the most frequent words and concepts of Molana's verses and mysticism, and which are used with a new expression in the proposal and process of Jung's individuality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Comparative Study on the Cocept of Death in John Donne and Molana’s Works
Narjes Tohidifar Saeed AsadiThe present paper intends to study, research and compare the concept of “Death” in John Donne’s works – the English metaphysical poet in Baroque era in seventeen’s century – and Molana’s – Iranian poet of seventh century. MoreThe present paper intends to study, research and compare the concept of “Death” in John Donne’s works – the English metaphysical poet in Baroque era in seventeen’s century – and Molana’s – Iranian poet of seventh century. Since two poets are different in their view points but similar in concerning death in their works, this paper initially studies their life styles and then their mythical and religious themes in order to find out the why and how of the concept of death in both poets’ works. The present article aims to study the abovementioned concept as two lines – one as John Donne in Baroque era and the other as Molana and find out the similarities and differences which may make them parallel or crisscross. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Comparative Analysis of Dezh-hoshroba with Gonbad-Sorkh in Nezami’s Haft-Peikar
Muhammad Behnamfar Azam NazariMathnaviManavi is concluded with Dezh-Hoshroba or Ghal-e Zat-alsor which is one of the most important and attractive stories of Mathnavi and different descriptions have been written for it so far .Nezami’sGonbad –sorkh in Haft –Peikar has a particular MoreMathnaviManavi is concluded with Dezh-Hoshroba or Ghal-e Zat-alsor which is one of the most important and attractive stories of Mathnavi and different descriptions have been written for it so far .Nezami’sGonbad –sorkh in Haft –Peikar has a particular Position in the corpus of Nezami’s works as well . It has been endeavored in this article to analyze and study these two stories with a Comparative Perspective concerning some similarities between these two stories.The result of the study shows that Molana for writing Dezh-Hoshroba was influenced by Nezami’sGonbad-Sorkh and like other Mathnavi’s stories, he has used it for his own goals and purposes-Dr both of them have used a common source . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Manifestation and concurrence of Seven Cities of Love in Molana and Paulo Coelho’s works
Shahriyar Hassan ZadehComparative literature is a window to the world of sincerity in which the common aspects of literature, culture, poetry and mysticism manifest in spite of the time and place differences. Mysticism is Molana’s source of inspiration according to &ldqu MoreComparative literature is a window to the world of sincerity in which the common aspects of literature, culture, poetry and mysticism manifest in spite of the time and place differences. Mysticism is Molana’s source of inspiration according to “Nicholson” and Arberry knows him as the greatest mystic poet in the history. On the other hand Paulo Coelho is a thinker who lived with the ups and downs of life. The author of the present article attempts to reveal the manifestation and concurrence of Seven Cities of Love in these two mystic lovers’ thoughts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Concept of freedom from Hafiz & Molana point of view and its comparison with Existentialism
Zohreh Vafayi Fard Mirjaledddin KazzaziTwo Iranian scholars, Molana and Hafiz had thought about individual and social aspects of human rather than other western scholars and they expressed these thoughts by artist language. One of the abovementioned thinking fields is freedom and authority of human which is MoreTwo Iranian scholars, Molana and Hafiz had thought about individual and social aspects of human rather than other western scholars and they expressed these thoughts by artist language. One of the abovementioned thinking fields is freedom and authority of human which is known as most important human nature reality, as the caliph of God on Earth. the present paper - in addition to determine importance of freedom in works and thoughts of Hafiz and Molana - tries to investigate similarities and dissimilarities among their theories and thoughts in different aspects of human existence from humanistic point of view in west. It also attempts to observe and analyze scholars' thoughts by applying Hafiz and Molana poems from comparative point of view. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE MANIFESTATIONS OF NARRATIONS IN DĪVĀN-E ŠHAMS-E TABRĪZĪ (THE WORKS OF SHAMS OF TABRIZ)
Jalil Tajlil Maalek ShoaeiReferring to narrations and assertions has been the most influential faith after Quran in the history of Islam. Scholars and narrators have tried to maintain and reserve narrations and assertions. Arab and Persian poets have enjoyed using these narrations in t MoreReferring to narrations and assertions has been the most influential faith after Quran in the history of Islam. Scholars and narrators have tried to maintain and reserve narrations and assertions. Arab and Persian poets have enjoyed using these narrations in their poetry to increase the eloquence of their works. This has resulted in mutual ties between poetry and Islamic learnings and enrichment of Persian language, literature and culture. Using narrations and assertions not only adds to the eloquence but it also increases the beauty of content and form. Many poets have used them in their works and among them Molawi is a prominent one. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Determinism and Free Will in Maarri and Molana’s poety
Seyyed Mahdi Masboogh Hadiseh FarazboodDeterminism and free will are the most ancient and conflicting issues which have always been the discussion issue amongst discourse analytics and Islamic scholars. One of these scholars is Abol Ala Maarri – fourth and fifth century – Arabic philosopher and p MoreDeterminism and free will are the most ancient and conflicting issues which have always been the discussion issue amongst discourse analytics and Islamic scholars. One of these scholars is Abol Ala Maarri – fourth and fifth century – Arabic philosopher and poet who has gathered his ideas and thoughts about human destiny and fortune in his book called “Lozumiyat”. In the Persian literature also Molana – the seventh century poet and theologist – has talked about determinism and free will in his “Mathnavi” as well. The present article attempts to have a comparative look at this issue and study similarities and differentiates of determinism and free will in these two poets’ poems. The research method is librarian and the data has been done in analytical method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - A Comparative Study of Sana’i and Rumi's View Points on Journey
Reza Aqayari ZahedIn Persian literature, travel or journey is mentioned in the poetries with two physical and mystical dimensions, the spiritual dimension which is called internal, spiritual and esoteric journey, is the main idea of mystical literature. In the present article stud MoreIn Persian literature, travel or journey is mentioned in the poetries with two physical and mystical dimensions, the spiritual dimension which is called internal, spiritual and esoteric journey, is the main idea of mystical literature. In the present article studies the ideas of the two great sources of Sufism, Sana’i and Rumi in this regard. They have seen their mystical mission in putting man on the path to knowing their divine identity; therefore, they recommend an inner journey. The obligatory journey of man is his descent from the Alawite world to this world, and man must try to return to that world again with his inner journey; its etiquette is to abandon worldly lusts and mystical behavior by following the old guide; it can be examined with the archetype of the hero's journey from this perspective. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Concepts of Spirit and Ego in Quran and Masnavi
Gholam Ebrahim ZadehThe term "spirit" is one of the mysterious and secretive words in religion and psychology fields. Molana knows it something on behalf of God which is unknown to others. If the worldly aspect is left, the remained is the spirit – gift by Allah. The author believes MoreThe term "spirit" is one of the mysterious and secretive words in religion and psychology fields. Molana knows it something on behalf of God which is unknown to others. If the worldly aspect is left, the remained is the spirit – gift by Allah. The author believes there are various definitions and interpretations of spirit and interpreters have studied its different aspects. Wherever there is existence and its effects, there would be a footprint of spirit definitely. The term spirit has been repeated 37 times in Holy Quran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Conceptual Structure of Nature's Frequecies in Damghani and Molana's Poetries
Shohreh Chalipa Habib Allah Jadid Al Islam Ahmad Reza Kikhai FarzanehKnowing frequencies of naturalism in Damghani and Molana's poetries may pave the way for better knowing of conceptual structure of imagery in their poetries. Manouchehri's attractions and creating attraction in describing nature's elements is unique undoubtedly. Shafiei MoreKnowing frequencies of naturalism in Damghani and Molana's poetries may pave the way for better knowing of conceptual structure of imagery in their poetries. Manouchehri's attractions and creating attraction in describing nature's elements is unique undoubtedly. Shafiei Kadkani calls him as the gretest poet in Persian literature history in depicting nature's emotional and phenomenal aspect. Molana is also knowledge professional and a combination of worldly and unworldly imagery from nature and its elements can be seen. The keystone of the present research is to compare normal and meaningful elements of nature by Damghani and Molana Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Pain of Love; Exploring Love in the Mind and Language of Rumi and Hafez
Karim Elahi Khalil Bahrami Hossein IzadiLove is one of the most important titles of Persian poetry and has created excellent themes and beautiful interpretations and utmost concepts thanks to literature. Molana Jalaleddin Rumi – seventh century poet and gnostic – is one of the famous poets and gno MoreLove is one of the most important titles of Persian poetry and has created excellent themes and beautiful interpretations and utmost concepts thanks to literature. Molana Jalaleddin Rumi – seventh century poet and gnostic – is one of the famous poets and gnostic who has displayed beautiful and different images on the subject of love in his works. This article has explored the abovementioned subject through documents and librarian model and the method is descriptive – analytical. The data indicate that the status of love in his poems is superlative; the worldly and extraterrestrial types are discussed as well. He considers earthly love to be the shadow or mediator of heavenly love. According to Rumi, love is ongoing in the whole universe. Following pioneers such as Sanaie, Attar and Nezami, he has unwrapped less explored angles of love subject for public. Raising the romantic issue that the poet should endure with the violence and grace of the beloved is one of his characteristics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - A Study on Silence Discourse in Molana's Pen – Name based on Shams's Sonnets
zahra irani Malek Mohammad Farrokhzad Reza Heidari NouriBased on Jakobson and Michael Ephratt about communication roles between speaker and listener, a meaningful message would transfer through a physical channel. They believe that this communicative pattern is proved in all verbal interactions. When a mystic intends to show MoreBased on Jakobson and Michael Ephratt about communication roles between speaker and listener, a meaningful message would transfer through a physical channel. They believe that this communicative pattern is proved in all verbal interactions. When a mystic intends to show a world in which words lose their application, sometimes narrates stories which encourage silence. According to Jakobson's communication pattern we may enjoy silence in communication process and find the joy of peace in six communicational roles. The results of the present research show the application of some silence communicational roles in Molana's words are more frequent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - An Analytical Study on Common Mythical Symbols and Elements in Shahnameh and Odes by Shams
Asiyeh Ghavami Farhad BaratiThe subject of "Shams' Ods" – by Jalāl ad-Dīn Muhammad Balkhī – is the expression of mystical concept and divine love. Rumi has enjoyed mythical symbols to explain mystical concepts and other poetic themes throughout the mentioned odes. The pr MoreThe subject of "Shams' Ods" – by Jalāl ad-Dīn Muhammad Balkhī – is the expression of mystical concept and divine love. Rumi has enjoyed mythical symbols to explain mystical concepts and other poetic themes throughout the mentioned odes. The present article studies the elements of myth including the characters, creatures and symbols that have had a mystical manifestation appearance in "Shams' Odes". Studied elements, creatures and characters in this paper are Rostam, Zāl, Kay Qobád, Sohrab, Esfandiar, Zahak, Kay Kāvus, Mani, Kay Khosrow and mythical creatures such as Mount Qaf, Gypaetus and Phoenix which the most important source is "Shahnameh" by Ferdowsi. The result of this research is that Rumi has benefited the extravagant epic works including Ferdowsi's "Shahnameh" by citing the elements of myth and epic in order to better explain the mystical themes and concepts in "Shams's Odes" so that scholars of mystical literature have considered it as an obvious and valuable sample of mystical epic. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Comparative Analysis of Human Origin from Molana and Jean-Paul Sartre's View Point
Masoumeh SadeqiHuman origin or existence is a philosophical issue which has always been philosophers and scholars' concern in east and west. Western existentialist specially Sartre emphasized psychic nature of human and priors existence to nature; while the human's existence in Islami MoreHuman origin or existence is a philosophical issue which has always been philosophers and scholars' concern in east and west. Western existentialist specially Sartre emphasized psychic nature of human and priors existence to nature; while the human's existence in Islamic mysticism – specially from Molana's view point – is of two aspects: worldly and unworldly in a way that his nature priors his existence. The findings – which obtained in documental and descriptive method – try to explain the human's nature by from Molana and Jean-Paul Sartre. Sartre believes that human nature would end by death while Molana knows two natures for human: spiritual and mortal which he can reach the immortality by passing the world. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - A comparative study of "The Most Beautiful Book in the World" by Eric-Emmanuel Schmitt and Molavi's points in Mathnavi
Leila Hashemian Behzad OtunieEric-Emmanuel Schmitt, contemporary French playwright and story writer is one of the writers who has been affected by oriental mysticism especially Molana and this could be traced in his novels and plays. In the story "The Most Beautiful Book in the World" one could fin MoreEric-Emmanuel Schmitt, contemporary French playwright and story writer is one of the writers who has been affected by oriental mysticism especially Molana and this could be traced in his novels and plays. In the story "The Most Beautiful Book in the World" one could find mystic points mentioned many years ago by Molana. The present article attempts to explain the similarities of these two valuable works. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - A Study on Strategies in Making Effective Interpersonal Relation from Molana's Viewpoint in Mathnavi
Raziyeh Salmanpour Reza AshrafzadehInterpersonal relation and social interactions are inalienable element of human's lives wich is necessary form very birth day to end of his life. Molana explains human's relations: Lord, ego, others and cosmos. The necessity to understand the communication with others i MoreInterpersonal relation and social interactions are inalienable element of human's lives wich is necessary form very birth day to end of his life. Molana explains human's relations: Lord, ego, others and cosmos. The necessity to understand the communication with others is to have a right social relation as well as with ourselves from Molana's viewpoint. He could discover human's character and spirit by Quran's assistance, Innocents' lives and spiritual experiments and also could offer valuable strategies to make operative and healthy relationship for both body and spirit. The authors of the article attempt to offer an introduction to self – scrunity followed by an explanation on human relationship with himself and with others, Molana's attitude and his strategies to making close interpersonal relationship in Mathnavi in descriptive – analytical method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - A Study on Important Preaching and Educational Issues in Abū Saʿīd Abū'l-Khair and Molana's Works
Fares Sharifi Mahnaz Bazgir Mansoureh Sabet ZadehSince preaching assembly is known as one of the cultural – educational gatherings among Sufis, a preacher spoke with preaching asd advisory subject for the attendants and audiences; the assemble was called meeting. The aim of this paper is to be informed of Sufi's MoreSince preaching assembly is known as one of the cultural – educational gatherings among Sufis, a preacher spoke with preaching asd advisory subject for the attendants and audiences; the assemble was called meeting. The aim of this paper is to be informed of Sufi's meetings, their quality and being familiar with the sermon language as well as knowing the subjects in such meetings. The emphasis of the research is on "Abū Saʿīd Abū'l-Khair's manners and speeches", "Molana's seven meetings" and "Manaqeb Al Aarefin". A survey on the general style of the mentioned meetings as well as Molana and Abū Saʿīd Abū'l-Khair's speech content has been done. The abovementioed Sufis are the ones who make great changes and internal evolutions in many people. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Application of Color Archetypes in Mathnavi Based on Jung’s Theory
Abolhassan Asadi Ali Eshghi Abolqasem Amir AhmadiOne of the new types of literary criticism is archetype criticism which is based on psychological criticism and Carl Gustav Jung’s theories – famous and contemporary Swiss psychologist. He believes that human’s mind is made of three stages: conscious, MoreOne of the new types of literary criticism is archetype criticism which is based on psychological criticism and Carl Gustav Jung’s theories – famous and contemporary Swiss psychologist. He believes that human’s mind is made of three stages: conscious, personal unconscious and collective unconscious. The deepest stage is collective unconscious in which myths, fables and human’s millennium beliefs are derived from. Jung called the results of collective unconscious as the initial samples of archetypes which represent different manifestations such as mother, wise old man, hero, Anima, Animus, rebirth, shadow and persona. According to Jung, archetypal images do not possess content per se; thus they represent themselves in the form of symbols in dreams. Today archetype is the main subject of literary criticism and specifically mythical criticism. Since Molana was a mystic with symbolic mind and versed Mathnavi mysteriously, the present research studies archetype symbols of Mathnavi by Molana based on secondary archetype and color subsidiary. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Comparison of some different interpretations of Maulavi from Quranic verses in "Fiehmafieh" and "Spiritual Mathnawi"
ALI BAZVAND arash amrai RAHMAT shayesthefarComparison of Rumi's Different Perceptions of Quranic Verses infih-e Ma-fih and Masnavi Faye with Educational Approach Molavi is one of the most famous poets in the seventh century whose valuable verses and narrations are replete with divine teaching, verses f MoreComparison of Rumi's Different Perceptions of Quranic Verses infih-e Ma-fih and Masnavi Faye with Educational Approach Molavi is one of the most famous poets in the seventh century whose valuable verses and narrations are replete with divine teaching, verses from the Holy Quran and Hhadises. His different Interpretations of Quran verses and Hhadises in his works (fih-e-ma-fih) show that he has complete understanding over the Islamic and Quran science. The understanding of his words would be impossible without a sound knowledge of his interpretation of Holy Quran as it happens that the poet has more than one interpretations of the same verse. The difficulty in understanding Molavi’s Interpretations is mainly originated from his skillful use of signs and symbols. These symbols are considered as secrets whose decoding seems to be very difficult. In this paper, the researcher tries to investigate the speeches which have different meanings, helping the readers to interpretation this mystic poet. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Epentance verses in Ebne farez and Molavi poems
Seyed Amir mamood Anvar Fatemeh Ahmadi Tahereh Chal dareThe holy Quran , the last heavenly book has paid special attention to “repentance" and asks the believers to repent and return to God in order to be saved and because one of the manifestations of the holy Quran is its appearance in the gnostic literature, some of MoreThe holy Quran , the last heavenly book has paid special attention to “repentance" and asks the believers to repent and return to God in order to be saved and because one of the manifestations of the holy Quran is its appearance in the gnostic literature, some of the great gnostics have mentioned repentance as the first status and lodging, the Egyptian Ebne Farez and Jalaledin Mohammad Balkhi are the two great poets in the field of Arabic and Persian literature that on their way toward God the realities of holv Quran have been divulged to them. in this article we have investigated the poems of these two gnostics about· “repentance” and then we have worked on the similarities and differences of repentance on their viewpoints and what we have found is : the common contents and concepts that include "breaking of repentance by love" and" Nasuh repentance" and the different aspects include" Mosavieh repentance " in Ebne Farez and c Mohamrnadie repentance .' and "metamorphosis of heart" in Molana's poems. Manuscript profile -
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35 - Culture- Building Criteria of Adam Story in Tafsir al-Mizan and Masnavi Poetries
Mahmoud Khorsandi Nematollah HassaniThe present research initially studies some culture related issues such as religionand culture, the elements of culture development and Islamic culture – building. Then some culture – building criteria and factors in Adam story such as Human's position, forb MoreThe present research initially studies some culture related issues such as religionand culture, the elements of culture development and Islamic culture – building. Then some culture – building criteria and factors in Adam story such as Human's position, forbidden fruit, descend and repentance are brought; these are the concepts which have surveyed in al-Mizan and Masnavi. Since Adam has been the representative of all human beings and his issues are in fact the issues related to human beings. Thus thinking to life stages and matters would be a great step toward culture – building and human education in any time and place. Manuscript profile -
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36 - A Comparative Research on "Breathed into him of My [created] Soul" in Allameh Tabatabaee and Allameh Jafari's Interpretations
Nematollah Hassani Mahmoud KhorsandiThe present article is a research on breathing into human's soul in Allameh Jafari's "Al Mizan", "Molavi's Mathnavi" interpretations. Allameh Tabatabaee interprets the breathing into human's soul as the relationship between human soul and body which could act completely MoreThe present article is a research on breathing into human's soul in Allameh Jafari's "Al Mizan", "Molavi's Mathnavi" interpretations. Allameh Tabatabaee interprets the breathing into human's soul as the relationship between human soul and body which could act completely independently while are dependent. He expresses that Allah relates breathing into human's soul to Himself wants to ennoble human and proves possession to Himself. Allameh Jafari criticizes and studies scholars' ideas and expresses that one of Lord's Perfection reputation is His breathing into human's soul and that's why all creatures know human being as the Lord's manifestation. He also knows the human's enjoy relating to his faith, commitment and responsibility. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Stories and Narrations Method in Mathnavi
Mohammad Rasoul Ahangaran Farahnaz Raf’at JooIt is obvious to all mystics and Sufis specifically Iranian researchers that Molana’s poetries are full of love to Lord. His poetries are of two important characteristics which disparate his works (from others); depth of thinking and power of emotion. Mathnavi Ma& MoreIt is obvious to all mystics and Sufis specifically Iranian researchers that Molana’s poetries are full of love to Lord. His poetries are of two important characteristics which disparate his works (from others); depth of thinking and power of emotion. Mathnavi Ma’navi is one of the literary masterpieces which closely interrelates with the ancient literary works and is of a deep relationship with Sufis and mystics. The present article attempts to express Molana’s method in versing stories, narrations and their types and point out the importance of these stories and narrations on the other hand. Manuscript profile -
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38 - Beauty and Aestheticism in Molana’s Masnavi with a Focus on Prophecy and Testimony as the Central Metaphors
Ali Asghar Abedi Ahmad Zakeri Fateme HeydariBeauty from the perspective of Molavi is the manifestation of the truth and the appearance of God's grace to the universe. But it is the science by which you might, perhaps, discover the advent of a miracle of abstraction to the world of testimony. Molana is in the posi MoreBeauty from the perspective of Molavi is the manifestation of the truth and the appearance of God's grace to the universe. But it is the science by which you might, perhaps, discover the advent of a miracle of abstraction to the world of testimony. Molana is in the position of a great and rare mystic, especially after meeting Shams, where his eyes were closed and his heart was opened. In all parts of the universe, he has observed the light of truth and has tried to draw a picture of his observations. This article attempts to examine part of this understanding of the notion that it contained the beauty and appearance of the universe. The data related to the article with the mode of library research is obtained, and written, in a qualitative, descriptive and analytical report. The authors' goal is to recognize Molana’s perception of beauty and the results show that he has found the connection between beauty and the source of beauty due to his forgetfulness and the use of intuition and illumination in an incredible degree but, indeed, the chief thing about him is that he has organized beauty into the central metaphors of his thoughts, that is to say, the resignation and the testimony of the unseen. Manuscript profile -
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39 - The Study and Analysis of Taalab in Attar’s and Maulavi’s Worldview
Shahram Foroughi mohammadali khaledian Hasan Ali Abbaspoor EsfedenTaalab( seeking) is a verbal sign that has become widely used in Islamic mysticism. In order to find out the place of Taalab in Islamic Sufism, it is necessary to consider mysticism as a system, a system that is founded on the pillars of Sharia, Tariqat and Truth. This MoreTaalab( seeking) is a verbal sign that has become widely used in Islamic mysticism. In order to find out the place of Taalab in Islamic Sufism, it is necessary to consider mysticism as a system, a system that is founded on the pillars of Sharia, Tariqat and Truth. This structure of conduct, is derived from tariqat and seeking is considered the first step in mystical conduct. Therefore, seeking is an inseparable part of the structure of mysticism, and traces of it can be seen in almost all works of mysticism. But in the meantime, two great mystics of Iran, Atar and Maulvi, have spoken about it a lot and accelerated its features. In Attar's thoughts, seeking is considered the first of the seven valleys of Saluk, and thus it should be considered as one of the defining components of his intellectual system, but in the Masnavi, it is basically a system of thought in which the place of the components of Rumi's thought can be recognized. There is no data. In the Masnavi, not one wadi of the wadi is considered as a saluk, and it is mentioned in a definite place; Rather, Masnavi can be present everywhere. Undoubtedly, it is difficult to find, categorize and measure them, which is a difficult task in Attar's thought. The result of this research shows that Attar and Maulavi consider the request as the beginning of conduct and one of the means to realize the nine goals. They know the truth, the health of the soul and the happiness of human beings, the data of this project was collected by the library method and after classification, it was described by the qualitative method. Manuscript profile -
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40 - Structural analysis in the story of Daghoghi In the Masnavi Molana
Fatemeh Emami -
Open Access Article
41 - Tabriz from the perspective of Rumi Jalaluddin Mohammad Balkhi
roohollah mozafari Iraj MehrakiWhatever the spiritual planet is, by the way On the ground, the secret of Tabriz's Jabin Abstract Cities represent the culture and civilization of their citizens and play a major role in the emergence of industrial and cultural structures. They worship the elders and ar MoreWhatever the spiritual planet is, by the way On the ground, the secret of Tabriz's Jabin Abstract Cities represent the culture and civilization of their citizens and play a major role in the emergence of industrial and cultural structures. They worship the elders and are honored by the elders. Molana Jalaluddin mentions cities and urban structures in his works, General Shams and Mathnavi, but none has as much influence on Shams Tabrizi as Shabi and Tabriz because of Shams Tabrizi. Molana has been attracted to Shams since she was attracted to him, Its summing up of blackness clearly shames. Since then, Tabriz has become superior to the Kaaba and the Nassut and Lahout world within him, as if he sees the Tabriz raiding the Tabriz soil as if he had heard that Tabriz was the eloquence of Berkeley. The beautiful city of the 7th century, which was the capital of Ghazan Khan Timurid, is considered superior to Paradise, not the Ka'bah of Islam but the Ka'bah of both worlds, and Shams calls it the Yemeni pillar. He finds wonders in the Tabriz soil and asks travelers to bring him some Tabriz soil as a refuge so that he will eventually be buried in the Tabriz soil. In this article, the authors have tried to analyze the effects of Tabriz in Rumi's poetry by descriptive-analytical method and to find the reason for Tabriz's superiority in Rumi's mind and language. Manuscript profile -
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42 - The base of gnostic epic and its evidances in masnavy
kheyrollah mahmoudi hosein adabi firozjaee Epic is a war between two contradiction issues. In the thousand old year literature of Iran epic is divided into two types: Internal and External. Molana’s masnavi includes: successive and various stories which each of them have mystical c More Epic is a war between two contradiction issues. In the thousand old year literature of Iran epic is divided into two types: Internal and External. Molana’s masnavi includes: successive and various stories which each of them have mystical concepts. Although each of these stories has apparent diversity, has unit. Thought and veports the mental statuses that must pass difficult ways in returning to kingdom of heaven. Accordingly, masnavi, inspite of It`s appearance that in located in educational literature field, in regard to symbolic and allegorical meaning is a mystical epic, and it’s core, is returning (coming back) of the spirit to the main home. That, which are the specifications of the mystical epic. And it's worth looking at this great work from the point of viewof Pahlavi literature. According to masnavi? And. Which elements and fields of molana’s epic poem have been used, is a subject that we will address in this study in analyctical method. Manuscript profile -
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43 - Determination of Sitagliptin Phosphate in Bulk Drugs by Extractive Spectrophotometric Method
C. Bala Sekaran D. Ravisankar -
Open Access Article
44 - The Study of Fables in Mowlavi's Qazalitate Shams
Mohammed Qolam Rezaei Chenour Borhani Narrative parable (allegory) is a story in poetry or prose which has two meanings: primary or outward and secondary and inward meaning which is below the outward layer. Fable is one type of allegory and consist of a short tale- whether in poetry or prose- w More Narrative parable (allegory) is a story in poetry or prose which has two meanings: primary or outward and secondary and inward meaning which is below the outward layer. Fable is one type of allegory and consist of a short tale- whether in poetry or prose- which is intended to convey a moral lesson. Characters in fable are often animals; but inanimate objects, humans and gods may also be presented in that. Fable in the Persian theosophical parables also has been used for expressing theoretical theosophy concepts and practical theosophy orders. Amongst artistic aspects of Molavi's works in the Shams's lyrics(Qazaliate Shams) is employment of the narrative parables; there are 16 fables among these narrative parables; these fables in terms of structure and form are two types: 1. Fables with storied action and operation (6), 2. Fables in the form of dialogue or scenic story (10). These fables have the same theme and structure in terms of processing and simplicity and brevity is their outstanding feature. 4 of the Molavi's fables are moral- theosophical parable and 10 fables are parable of theoretical theosophy concepts and 2 fables are parable of Kalam (Islamic Philosophy) thoughts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - The allegorical language of the Roman Mulla
jafar havasihis point of view, the appearance of the stories is not very important, but what is important the results and his impressions of the stories. Most of the imaginary images used in Molvi's poems are allegories. Each of Molavi's stories and allegories can be look Morehis point of view, the appearance of the stories is not very important, but what is important the results and his impressions of the stories. Most of the imaginary images used in Molvi's poems are allegories. Each of Molavi's stories and allegories can be looked at from a special and different point of view, and one can see a wonderful and amazing sight as much as one's understanding and vision. Molavi's poems are not ordinary words in the field of literature, but rather authoritative and scholarly anecdotes and parables. He has brought the moral principles and diversity of opinions and experiences in the anecd Abstract In his works, Maulavi has used anecdotes and verses as parables to achieve new results. From otes. Maulavi's approach in allegorical stories is usually based on mystical teachings in order to explain and scientifically interpret the subjects. The author has tried to discuss the expertise and mastery of Rumi Mullah in stories and allegories in order to make clear and visible the degree of possession and initiative of Rumi in the design of stories and allegories. The method of compiling the article is library and using various sources and .analytical and descriptive method Manuscript profile -
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46 - Comparative survey of samples of practical wisdom in Hadighe Sanai and Masnavi Manavi
MOHSEN BAHARVAND Masoud Sepahvandi"Practical wisdom" is knowing good and bad in human behavior, and awareness of behavioral should and should not. In practical wisdom the emphasis is more on ethics, prudence and cultivation, everything is limited to human and does not include non-human, man's optional t More"Practical wisdom" is knowing good and bad in human behavior, and awareness of behavioral should and should not. In practical wisdom the emphasis is more on ethics, prudence and cultivation, everything is limited to human and does not include non-human, man's optional tasks are greate value, and attempt is made to show the ways of being human. Indeed Practical wisdom is a set of should and should not that related to ethics and politic and mystical thoughts. Practical wisdom has been noticed because it is the way to human bliss so ethical teaching has been a major part of the concept of poetry and poets have played an important role in promoting ethical virtues that each of them has dealt with it in a specific way. Allegory is one of the methods that mystical poets, especially Sanai and Molavi, use to turn the audience's mind to it. And in this way, they put lights in front of human examples of practical wisdom for cultivation and ethical progress. This research is intended to discuss and compare some examples of practical wisdom regarding their similarities and differences in the form of allegory in the poetry of Sanai and Masnavi Molavi. Reviews show that Sanai's ethical system is based on religion, but Molavi despite adherence to r eligion is largly influenced by Sufi thought and he has a mystical approach to ethical issues. Sanai lights the lamp of wisdom and respects knowledge and practice to move towards bliss and Molana even accepts mind and knowledge, considers love and follow the mystic as the way to bliss. Manuscript profile -
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47 - Fire in Molana s poem
Mir jalal al-Din Kazzazi Esmaeil Abdimakvand Soghra merdasi sardarabadiFire in Molana s poem is presented in manners of Allusion, Allegory, Metaphor, symbol, Figurative language and etc.some times fire "builds" and sometimes "burns", It examines and rnelts and plags humans. We see fire, divine dimension and devilish dimension in Islamic Gn MoreFire in Molana s poem is presented in manners of Allusion, Allegory, Metaphor, symbol, Figurative language and etc.some times fire "builds" and sometimes "burns", It examines and rnelts and plags humans. We see fire, divine dimension and devilish dimension in Islamic Gnosticism. .Fire reminds Molana so many memories which could be found in his works as God‘s feeling and his manifestation, prophetss’love, admittance difficulties,love,the fire of inner four temperaments, power of carnaldesires, the love of universe and its properties, the fire of the Hell and the fire itself and etc. Different various traces have been found in the fire as; warming, burning, making, up rising, expanding, light deffusing, chasting.Molana believes that all these features could be extremely existed in spiritual passion as well as they are more objective Fire is repeated %2.89 in ditches or verses of Shams poetical works and %1.78 in virtual verses of Molana.The synonyms of the word “fire” are used a lot by Molana but in the contents of Metaphor, Allusion and symbolism nothing could be found exactly instead of fire itself. In poetical works Masnavi, Fire is used as love of passion, power of avidity, jealousy force from literary point of view of course more than Divan. . Fire can be traced as color through which the fire of wine or fire and sun or fire blood. In this present paper is presented the functions of fire in Molana s in verse works. Manuscript profile -
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48 - Wisdom in Contrast with Love and Madness in Masnavi and Shams Sonnets
hadi Khadivar Rajab TohidianA long-time existing subject in Persian mysticism, which has formed innovative works, is wisdom and its contrast with mystical love and madness or the contrast of Aristotelian peripatetic school (philosophy and reasoning) with the platonic Eshragi school (mysticism and MoreA long-time existing subject in Persian mysticism, which has formed innovative works, is wisdom and its contrast with mystical love and madness or the contrast of Aristotelian peripatetic school (philosophy and reasoning) with the platonic Eshragi school (mysticism and intuition). The wisdom which is confronted, and humiliated, by a mystic poet like Molana in his two eternal works, i.e. Masnavi and Shams Sonnets, is Greek wisdom which follows self and dream, acting as an obstacle in reaching the destination, and in Molana's words, “It is the incomplete love which denies love.” This does not refer to the complete wisdom, bearing the title of “wisdom of wisdom,” which has been admired and praised in religious verses and sayings and in the works of some mystics such as Molana. This paper, by referring to other mystical poems and texts, tries to examine the contrast between such wisdom and mystical love and madness. Manuscript profile -
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49 - The Study of 'communicative acts' in a figurative tale in First Book of Masnavi Ma'navi (a case study on negotiations of the Fifth Story of Masnavi based on Haberma's Communicative Act
Abolfazl GhanizadehThe 'dialogue democracy' is a 20th century theory claimed by German philosopher and sociologist Jurgen Habermas. This dialog is formed in a 'general domain' with the 'free participation of talented citizens'. Its interaction toll is 'general communicative language', and MoreThe 'dialogue democracy' is a 20th century theory claimed by German philosopher and sociologist Jurgen Habermas. This dialog is formed in a 'general domain' with the 'free participation of talented citizens'. Its interaction toll is 'general communicative language', and it is conducted to arrive at 'understanding' or 'acceptance of better argumentation'. Habermas' theory has gained its reputation as the 'communicative act' in the contemporary political literature. In the figurative story of 'Lion and Nakhjiran', Molavi outlines a negotiation which is comparable with that theory. As such, the present article, first deals briefly with concepts such as 'critical theory of Habermas', 'general domain' , as well as the 'general communicative language'. Then, through the analysis of the negotiations made in the story of Lion and Nakhjiran, it concludes that; the first negotiation is more compatible with Habermas' dialog democracy, and as the story goes ahead, its communicative act decreases and its political and strategic shades become stronger. The political shade is an internal layer of the studies figurative story. Manuscript profile -
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50 - Death and Voluntary Death from Sanai’s, Attars’ and Molana’s points of view
M. khodayari Death and thinking about it, have definitely occupied the minds of poets, writers, mystics, and thinkers throughout the history. In fact, thinking about death has overshadowed the thoughts and the works of many writers and thinkers particularly in the Persian lite More Death and thinking about it, have definitely occupied the minds of poets, writers, mystics, and thinkers throughout the history. In fact, thinking about death has overshadowed the thoughts and the works of many writers and thinkers particularly in the Persian literature. Mystic poets like Sanai, Attar, and Molana have always cherished death in their poems and believe that death is inevitable and cannot be escaped. They, however, believe that true and voluntary death is possible through abstinence and the purification of the soul. Inspired by the Quran’ verses and Ahadith, they presume that we need to voluntarily surrender ourselves before the real death comes.In this short article, the author attempts to describe and analyze the views of mystic poets like Sanai, Attar, and Molana in relation to the concepts of death and voluntary death as well as the ways by which a voluntary death can be realized. Their views of death will be depicted through some examples of their poems. Manuscript profile -
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51 - Investigation of Allegory in Molana’s Tale of “Once There Was a Trader Who Owns a Parrot”
Mohammad Hossein Khan Mohammadi Sohrab Saeidi Mahboubeh EsmaeiliAllegory & its application in Persian literature trace back to a long time ago. One of literary figure who enjoyed this Persian language’s capability in a great extent was Molana Jalal-e-Din Mohammad Balkhi. He tries to convey practical mysticism to his follow MoreAllegory & its application in Persian literature trace back to a long time ago. One of literary figure who enjoyed this Persian language’s capability in a great extent was Molana Jalal-e-Din Mohammad Balkhi. He tries to convey practical mysticism to his followers and captivated of the path with all his vigor and gnostic excitements. In his risky adventure, Molana he uses Allegory to describe exalted concepts and do his responsibility. He explains deep mystical concepts in the form of tales and sweet stories. Sometimes tales are told by animals, wild or tame. Due to the fact that storytelling and allegory are of importance in Masnavi of Molana, in this article we try to present a definition of Allegory at first, then we point to Molana’s intentions and goals for presentation of these allegories. In what follows, tale of “Once There Was a Trader Who Owns a Parrot” will be presented in the form of prose. Then the article tries to examine versified parts and verses of the allegory and its symbolic roles. Manuscript profile -
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52 - Allegorical and Symbolic Concepts of Snake in Epic, Lyric, and Gnostic Works (On the Basis of The Shah-Nameh by Ferdowsi, The Khamseh by Nizami, and The Masnavi by Molavi)
hamid ayaz Soheila Mousavi SirjaniSymbol is a sign, point, word, or something which has such a clear and bright feature that it can represent that property. The aim of using symbol is that a message be sent beyond its outward meaning. In this study, we investigate symbolic concepts of snake in epic, lyr MoreSymbol is a sign, point, word, or something which has such a clear and bright feature that it can represent that property. The aim of using symbol is that a message be sent beyond its outward meaning. In this study, we investigate symbolic concepts of snake in epic, lyric, and gnostic works (on the basis of The Shah-Nameh by Ferdowsi, The Khamseh by Nizami, and The Masnavi by Molavi) comparatively and according to the library method and descriptive-analytic method. At first, symbolic concepts of this creature in epic, lyric, and gnostic domain will be expressed. Then, we will determine the percentage of collation of the symbolic concepts in two or all three works and percentage of usage of snake symbolic concept in each work.The outcome of this article is this point that 37.5 percent of this creature’s concepts (baseness, hurtfulness and twisting) in all three works and 37.5 percent (strength, guarding and darkness) in two of them are conformed; 25 percent of the concepts are used only in one of them. In addition, 12.5 percent of concepts are in epic domain, and 25 percent are in gnostic one. There is no concepts in lyric domain for snake. 62.5 percent of concepts are in other domains (besides epic, lyric, and gnostic). Manuscript profile -
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53 - A Study on postmodern strategies of "Pir e Changi" of Mathnavi
Leila Rezaei Abbas JahedjahMathnavi – Ma'navi is the most innovative and wonderful work in classic Persian literature because of its new narrative strategies. These special strategies that jalal al-Din Rumi used in the narration of the tales that found In other Persian literature books befo MoreMathnavi – Ma'navi is the most innovative and wonderful work in classic Persian literature because of its new narrative strategies. These special strategies that jalal al-Din Rumi used in the narration of the tales that found In other Persian literature books before Mathnavi, have some resemblances with modern or postmodern narratives. One of these innovative narratives in Mathnavi is the fiction of "Pir e Changi" (the oldman who plays harp). Rumi has presented this fiction with many changes and so this narrative is not in the original form as mentioned in "Asrar al Tawhid (the mystery of Unification) by Mohammad ibn Monavvar. In this article this tale from mathnavi has been studied in the field of postmodern criticism by the theory of Brian Mchale. The result shows that we can find the evidences of postmodern fictions as: death of the author, autonomy of characters, the end of metafictions, open ending and the combination of parallel worlds. Manuscript profile -
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54 - At Molana Presence Reflection on the Composition of Masnavi
Ahmad Khatami niloufar tavakoli Considering and analyzing Molana (Rumi)’s Masnavi through different approaches can be very helpful to understand this great book. The process of composing Masnavi has been always an interesting subject for Molana researchers and scholars. What is obvious i More Considering and analyzing Molana (Rumi)’s Masnavi through different approaches can be very helpful to understand this great book. The process of composing Masnavi has been always an interesting subject for Molana researchers and scholars. What is obvious is that Molana has written Masnavi intuitively but there is a little known about the quality of the process. The present paper attempts to reveal as much as possible of the process of composing Masnavi by Molana under different titles such as times, addressees, Molana’s method, Molana’s states, and etc. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Features of Verbal Communication in Masnavi Allegories
M. Abdollahzadeh sh. samsamiInvestigating valuable works of literature by scientists of different fields and publication of various books associated with literature and policy, psychology, philosophy, astronomy, ets emphasizes on this important issue that literature dose not belong just to emotion MoreInvestigating valuable works of literature by scientists of different fields and publication of various books associated with literature and policy, psychology, philosophy, astronomy, ets emphasizes on this important issue that literature dose not belong just to emotion and taste; rather it includes a wide range of sensory experiences based on concrete facts. on the other hand, There are rarely peers for MolanaJalalodin among Persian orators and poets who have realized the unique and influential role of allegory in conveying information and have been able to benefit it in the best and most skillful way. He based the cornerstone of Masnavi on stories and sought to teach his audience the most sophisticated scientific, mystic, moral, and social concepts using his unique skills in creation of allegory. One of the notable teachings of allegories in Masnavi can be found in verbal communication which is in the field of psychology. The researchers have tried to investigate this important human skill from perspective of Molana and match it with the comments of modern psychologists. Manuscript profile -
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56 - Allegorical and Symbolic Manifestations of "Soul" Divane -Shamse- Tabrizi
Masoud SepahvandiSymbolization is one of the fundamental and inseparable Sufism and educational bases during the history. In this way, those agnostics who look and think poetically and ingeniously has had more shares of capacity of symbolism to suggest own ideas and opinions. Molana is MoreSymbolization is one of the fundamental and inseparable Sufism and educational bases during the history. In this way, those agnostics who look and think poetically and ingeniously has had more shares of capacity of symbolism to suggest own ideas and opinions. Molana is one of gnostic poets because of his artistic talent and his rhythmical and literary style communicates his numerous and worldly messages covered by special statements to his readers. Therefore, one of the beautiful manifestations of Shams lyrics is new and symbolic conceptions based on some words. I includes"Soul"and implications and compositions of them. In this survey the word "soul" and its synonyms based on above is researched in Shams lyrics. Manuscript profile -
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57 - the influence of Veghar-e- Shirazi in Bahram and Behooz from Molana''''s Masnavi in the field of Allegory
Reza Jalili mahdi novroozAnalogy is a useful tool for explaining thoughts. this poetic and artistic tool, if used in the special sense of the word, is used to retell educational subjects and, if used in the general sense, is merely a literary industry. one of the most popular types of Allegory MoreAnalogy is a useful tool for explaining thoughts. this poetic and artistic tool, if used in the special sense of the word, is used to retell educational subjects and, if used in the general sense, is merely a literary industry. one of the most popular types of Allegory in Farsi is Fabal, in which the main characters are animal tales. among the persian language poets who have a pedagogical approach to allegory, Mowlana has a special place. his artistic use of allegories to explain the moral teachings in spiritual Masnavi has led many followers of the poetry of Veghar -e- Shirazi to follow in the verses of Bahram and Behrooz. the study of similar analogies in the two works described by the descriptive method and content analysis shows that the two poets describe and explain educational topics such as "avoidance of bad companions", "avoidance of pride and selfishness", "the necessity of supporting the king of the landlord" and " the human tone against fate and destiny "has taken advantage of allegory and fable. also, using Fabel has been very effective in understanding the audience. Manuscript profile -
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58 - Women in Molana's Works
Masoume Khodadadi MahabadThis paper tries to study Molana's views about women both in his prose and poetry (Masnavi , Fihmafih and Maktoobat or Letters), in his life- and behavior-related works, such as his Managheb- Ol- Arefin. In Masnavi Maanavi, Molana employs every possible thing, including MoreThis paper tries to study Molana's views about women both in his prose and poetry (Masnavi , Fihmafih and Maktoobat or Letters), in his life- and behavior-related works, such as his Managheb- Ol- Arefin. In Masnavi Maanavi, Molana employs every possible thing, including objects, vegetation, animals, and different human characters in order to create intellectual and mystical creatures in his stories. Examining women’s characters in these stories paves the way to figure out his ideas about women. Some of these women are universally known, such as Saint Mary and Asiya, and so on. Some of them are unknown but of mystical importance. In Fihmafih, one can find a lot about women based on which Molana’s view on women can be figured out. Goodness and badness of women’s character can be a subject of study in Fihmafih. Maktoobat (Letters) is regarded as one of the most important works to help get familiar with Molana’s thoughts and ideas. It should be noted that Maktoobat (Letters) is indeed Molana’s book of letters, including his memories and his private and social life. All these reveal lots of mysteries to understand Molana’s realities of life. Manuscript profile -
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59 - Didactic Images of expression in Masnavi’s introduction
ebrahim EbrahimtabarThere is no doubt that Jalaled in Mohammad Molvavi is one of the most famous Persian poets. He is well known for his great book "Masnavi". So much was written about this book but because of the variety of topics and subjects there is still more to say. One of these poin MoreThere is no doubt that Jalaled in Mohammad Molvavi is one of the most famous Persian poets. He is well known for his great book "Masnavi". So much was written about this book but because of the variety of topics and subjects there is still more to say. One of these points of discussion is images of expression in the introduction of Masnavi which reflect Molana’s didactic views. Molavi used these expressions to talk about moral and religious issues in a clever way. These images are so vast; there fore, only two of them simile and metaphor are used a lot and will be discussed here. Manuscript profile -
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60 - The study of the inner and outer beauty of allegories for Hafez and Molavi’s viewpoint
Kazem Dehghanian Fard Seyed Ahmad Hosseini Kazerooni Seyyed Jafar Hamidi Maryam ParhizgarIranian Poets and writers have always been using different kinds of allegories to express the symbolicand moral concepts during ages of Persian classic literature. Allegory is one of the tools that not only creates literal enjoyment&n MoreIranian Poets and writers have always been using different kinds of allegories to express the symbolicand moral concepts during ages of Persian classic literature. Allegory is one of the tools that not only creates literal enjoyment and provokes emotional feelings in the reader but also expresses emotions and poetical concepts as if they are carved on a piece of stone. Hafez and Molavi have used different kinds of allegories to induce symbolic and moral concepts. Molavi has used more allegorical tales and equation techniques but Hafez has used exemplums and equation techniques to express the inner and outer beauty .Hafez has described the inner beauty as “ Aan” and Latifeh but Molavi by using allegories has preferred the inner beauty which originates from purity of the heart and knowledge to the superficial beauty which is irrelevant to the purity of the heart. Manuscript profile -
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61 - The mystical origins in Masnavi by Molavi using allegoric
morad mansouri Manijeh Fallahi Malek Muhammad FarokhzadThere are a lot of works of art in Islamic mysticism which try to know and introduce the world with different methods. Among them, the mystical works of art often illustrate the internal world of the author using the models surrounding him with methods and instruments l MoreThere are a lot of works of art in Islamic mysticism which try to know and introduce the world with different methods. Among them, the mystical works of art often illustrate the internal world of the author using the models surrounding him with methods and instruments like irony. Symbols and surreal and metaphorical concepts. Molana has a used all these instruments to develop its own subjects which we can refer to his frequently used technreques in mystical literature among them are the concepts like “perfect men” “the knowledge of God” “the recognition of universe” and “knowing the relationship between the lover and beloved”. “Molavi” could present a special anthology and mystical anthropology and the whole a complete excellent knowledge in his textual and poetic works to the human being, using the deep religious teachings and previous mysticists experiences together with his own mystical experiences with emphasis on allegorical instances of the Persian literature. The man purpose of this paper is to study the mystical origins in Masnavi by Molavi with emphasis an allegorical instruments within the framework mentioned before. This study has been done using the descriptive and analytical method and the data has been gathered using the library method and in reference to the previous papers finding. Manuscript profile -
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62 - Love Regarding Sanayee and Mola Sadra
Hossein Esmaeelie Mehdi Tadayon‘Love’ is one of the most important issues to which both spiritual and gnostic philosophers have had eyes on and have had orated about. They recognize ‘love’ as the foundation of the universe because of which, all creatures from the lowest More‘Love’ is one of the most important issues to which both spiritual and gnostic philosophers have had eyes on and have had orated about. They recognize ‘love’ as the foundation of the universe because of which, all creatures from the lowest to the highest, are moving toward the source and origin of ‘love’ i.e., the almighty God. Sanayee Ghaznavi and Mola Sadra Shirazi are from the two spiritual and gnostic philosophers who have had ‘love’ as the key role in their works. The similarity in their views can be straightforwardly seen in Sananyee’s works and poems and Mola Sadra’s masterpiece; Shavahed Alrabobye. ‘The significance of love’, ‘the flow of love’, dividing love into ‘real’ and ‘virtual’ love, ‘convergence of love with pain and suffering’, and the virtual love as a bridge to reality of ‘annihilation in Allah’ are from the issues about which both Sanayee and Mola Sadra have analogous opinions. After illustrating the concept of ‘love’, this study aims at investigating the correspondence between Sanayee and Mola Sadra’s impressions about the issue. Manuscript profile -
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63 - The investigation of Molavi Kurd’s ideas on compulsion and free choice
jalal ahmadiSayyed Abdorrahim Molavi( 1806-1882 A.D) is one of the greatest kurd mystics and scholars in the nineteenth century A.D. He not only is a mystic and scholar but also is a skilful and capable poet of Persian, Arabic, Surani and Orami kurdish languages. According to the w MoreSayyed Abdorrahim Molavi( 1806-1882 A.D) is one of the greatest kurd mystics and scholars in the nineteenth century A.D. He not only is a mystic and scholar but also is a skilful and capable poet of Persian, Arabic, Surani and Orami kurdish languages. According to the works left by him, Molavi is not only outstanding in commentary, Hadith, poem and writing, but also he fairly can be one of prominent theologians. There are three works as Fawaeh in Persian, Alfazila in Arabic and Aghida Almarziyh in surani Kurdish which have interpreted and explained the theologian analytics in verse in most precise and delicate manner. The writer in this essay tends to deal with one of the most tumultuous topics of discourse from Molavi’s point of view. While many researches have been done about compulsion and free choice with different ideas, it seems that all differ with that of Molavi’s. So the conclusion of this research which has been done analytically is that according to the definition of the divine decree from Molavi’s point of view, man is completely free to do what brings forth divine reward or punishment to him. Manuscript profile -
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64 - Gist of teachings related to resurrection and metemsychosis in Masnavi-e- Molavi
Omidvar MalmoliThis article aims to study a gist of teachings related to resurrection and metemsychosis in Masnavi-e- Molavi. Masnavi-e- Molavi is an instructional poetry book and the Molavian believe that all human spirits exist in the eternal world and each of them descends to MoreThis article aims to study a gist of teachings related to resurrection and metemsychosis in Masnavi-e- Molavi. Masnavi-e- Molavi is an instructional poetry book and the Molavian believe that all human spirits exist in the eternal world and each of them descends to this inferior world whenever they wish , and possess their own bodies in order to take excellency and perfection then elevate again to the eternal world. Through this research I found an opportunity to review Masnavi and examine a fact that all philosophers and gnostics agreed on. Manuscript profile -
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65 - Study on Vernacular Language in Molavi’s Spiritual Couplets Fifth Tome
Saeed Ghashghaei Fatemeh InaloueiIn his glorious book, Spiritual Couplets (Masnavi-E- Manavi), by using colloquial elements in Persian Language, Molana Jalal-E-Dinn Mohammad Balkhi (Molavi) has tried to elaborate and interpret his given pedagogical and theosophical concepts for the people as whole. Thu MoreIn his glorious book, Spiritual Couplets (Masnavi-E- Manavi), by using colloquial elements in Persian Language, Molana Jalal-E-Dinn Mohammad Balkhi (Molavi) has tried to elaborate and interpret his given pedagogical and theosophical concepts for the people as whole. Thus, he has benefited from vernacular language and literature to make the speech more effective on audience in his masterpiece. At the present study, it has been dealt with extraction and classification of colloquial idioms, ranging from the smallest to the biggest speech unit (i.e. from morpheme to sentence) and implication of poetic evidences in Spiritual Couplet (Masnavi Book) at fifth tome where one may observe them under some titles including morpheme, lexicon, verb, composition, clause, sentence, ellipsis and iteration, adage (proverb). Manuscript profile -
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66 - Didactic effected of Klile and Demneh on MathnawiMolavi
Pouran Yousefi Poor KermaniSometimes, gnostics understand points and long meaning of mystic by fitness and little similarity of story with controversial meanings and could provide interpretation (also, commentary) by different look at personalities and occurrence of story and this is separate fro MoreSometimes, gnostics understand points and long meaning of mystic by fitness and little similarity of story with controversial meanings and could provide interpretation (also, commentary) by different look at personalities and occurrence of story and this is separate from moral meaning. For example, view of Molana to some Klile and Demneh stories (such as rabbit and lion's story) and their commentary. Gnostics pay certain attention to animals’ stories, because they are deal with unexplainable realities and facts.Of course, many religious and moral meaning have such traits which their understanding is not easy. But, these meaning have foreign proof more or less and according to that proof become valuable and well-known. This research was done in the purpose, the analytical effected of knowing Klile and Demneh on story Rabbits from MathnawiMolavi. Obtain results show that allegories of Molana are under the effect of Klile and Demneh by writing one story and manner of making scholarly sentences. Manuscript profile -
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67 - Molana’s Meaning induction in ‘’Divane Kabir’’ through music plectrum
Abbas KemaneshIn Persian poetry any poet hasn’t exploited as much as Molana Jaleledin Mohammad Balkhi (604-672 AH) from rhythms and various capacities of music for explaining and interpreting philosophical and mystical meanings and any eloquent hasn’t used like Molana fro MoreIn Persian poetry any poet hasn’t exploited as much as Molana Jaleledin Mohammad Balkhi (604-672 AH) from rhythms and various capacities of music for explaining and interpreting philosophical and mystical meanings and any eloquent hasn’t used like Molana from music in different meanings of poetry and no poet as Molana has grasped at music harp for explaining mystical and philosophical issues, and no poet to the extent of Molana hasn’t relied on music in using music terms and music instruments, wind and percussion, and using prosodic verbs and periodic rhythms and different rhythms in a single Ghazal and letters and words neighborhood magic and inducing various meanings from mystical terminology, even in the loving Sufism, no poet has resorted to music for stating worship manners and spiritual wayfaring that is of Sufis' conventional trainings and in using mystics' books and theses and authentic learnings of this dynasty's great persons hasn’t been like him the guidance source of seekers of Tarighat (mystical path), Shari'a (shariat) and truth (haghighat). Manuscript profile -
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68 - Phytoconstituents of Chromolaena odorata (L.) leaf extract for the synthesis of copper oxide/copper nanoparticles and evaluation of their biological potential in wound healing
Sobha Kota Pradeep Dumpala Radhika Sajja Ratnakumari Anantha -
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69 - Comparison of analytic network process (ANP) and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method in land use planning based on multi objective land allocation (MOLA) method
Hadi Rahimi Abdolrasoul Salman Mahini Hamid Reza KamyabManagement and planning, distributing the economic and social activities as well as clearing hidden capacities in terms of the land’s potential and needs are the main goals of Land use planning. MOLA was used in order to zoning and planning Gorgan and Aliabad citi MoreManagement and planning, distributing the economic and social activities as well as clearing hidden capacities in terms of the land’s potential and needs are the main goals of Land use planning. MOLA was used in order to zoning and planning Gorgan and Aliabad cities in eight major Land-uses. The method of analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and analytic network process (ANP) and the experts’ experiences were used for weighting the three main factors including ecological, economic and social factors. Compare zoning based on two ways AHP and ANP weighting also was evaluated. The results showed that the integration of applications based on AHP and ANP different weighting methods. According to the results of the integration of applications based on ANP method compared to the AHP with respect to slope, height, density of vegetation, rainfall and erosion ability in general is more appropriate. The results showed that according to total Kappa values (0.9151), spatial Kappa (0.9524), standard Kappa (0.9323), and chance agreement (0.1111), MOLA based zoning based on AHP and ANP weights had a similarity A lot. But the difference in the use of the AHP and ANP was 88663 pixels (7979 ha). For this purpose, statistical data on slope, height, vegetation density, precipitation and erodibility were extracted based on the weight of the two methods of AHP and ANP. According to the results, the placement of land use based on the ANP method in comparison with AHP is more appropriate in general. This means that the method has better performance in the ANP have been weighted to land-uses. The results of this study, the relationship and the importance of all aspects of ecological, economic and social planning and land use planning notes. Manuscript profile -
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70 - Evolutionary development Of heart in molavis Masnavi
Ali Akbar Afrasiyabpour Mitra Fakhraie TehraninejadUndoubtedly, Molavi is the biggest poet who turns the spiritual evolution in to poetry version and he uses poem, allegory and story as a means of attaining the reality. The key opening of Mathnavi secrets is 'heart's' various statuses. In this research, the 'heart' and MoreUndoubtedly, Molavi is the biggest poet who turns the spiritual evolution in to poetry version and he uses poem, allegory and story as a means of attaining the reality. The key opening of Mathnavi secrets is 'heart's' various statuses. In this research, the 'heart' and its various statuses and its evolutionary development in Molavi’s Mathnavi (couplet poems) in details in comparison to the works of his contemporary poets and predecessors, is introduced and discussed meticulously. Seven different concepts are found in mathnavi for evolutionary development of heart. Three different statuses such assadr', 'Ghalb' andshaghaf' are not flourished with gleam of light, are related to physics of heart; Molavi thinks that the physics of heart does not deserve be considered to be the basics of the 'heart'. The name of 'Ghalb' has been used for other various statuses of 'haert'. Yet, the second status, only has been recognized as with the name of 'Ghalb'. 'Heart' in the staus of ''Foaad', 'Habbat-ol-Ghalb',soveyda' and 'Mohjat-ol-ghalb', are flourished with the gleam of light. Jalaleddin doesn't mention any name for the last status of the 'heart'; But its concept flows out through Mathnavi work, by means of many interpretation and implications Manuscript profile -
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71 - Manifestation Of love in Mowlana Poetry
khodaverdi Abbas-zadeh Haniyeh TaherlouLove and kindness is of life elixer and being excuses. If love wasn’t. Also wasn’t anything. Even person’s unfortunate of love , thay have pereiption of empty own heart and understand that have minimum thing of live. This meaning is in the mystical word view of molana s MoreLove and kindness is of life elixer and being excuses. If love wasn’t. Also wasn’t anything. Even person’s unfortunate of love , thay have pereiption of empty own heart and understand that have minimum thing of live. This meaning is in the mystical word view of molana shining effeets ndeeper and yentler is explain. Ynostics are bilived that origin all of loves is trath holiness and of it that love is flow all of the world. Also ynostics base of man’s natare are puting in love. If this power is captured of him, don’t have life value. Then sufism of reliyion is love. The principle is love, is method that heavy bar of life was liyhted with love power. Love secretory of creation , life spice,learen mysticism, preamble of large works in world, basic of happining and extremity of ynostic mood that with arriving to perfection, destruction in love nature and love unity and is ended to amorousan lover. Love is divining of god that is puted in human nature and mixed with him nature. The man continuosly is being for real worshipped and love. The molana says: Our novel are catting wite her emotion Her love are cultivated in our nature. The molana with cause of love anyuish in heart, gratnally pay behind of perfection to destruction for arriving to real lover. That molana says from it. Is real and perfect love, no tinted love that finally arrive to distain. Love made the man to arrive easily to prospering and perfection and fundamentally god created the man to be love and difference of man with anyeal is this that anyeal is unable of perceive love. And love is speeial for man and is putting in his nature. This ducument is delibration on the love subject in point of view largest gnostic languegge persion and one of the most embosses intelleatual in the world is jalaladdin mohammad balkhy (molana). Manuscript profile -
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72 - Manifestation Of perfected man in Masnavi Manavi
Naser Naseri fariba jalaliBy survey on the stories of Masnavi we encounter with traces of Gnostics and wise men that have gone prosperity and happiness way and experienced lovely real life aspects with Molana poems and surpassed in the meaning and truthfulness and showed their sincerity and devo MoreBy survey on the stories of Masnavi we encounter with traces of Gnostics and wise men that have gone prosperity and happiness way and experienced lovely real life aspects with Molana poems and surpassed in the meaning and truthfulness and showed their sincerity and devotion and released their sensuality and egotism. This article aims to introduce perfected man as a superior subjective creature of Molana and unique characteristics of the perfected men by referring to examples in Masnavi. The perfected man of Molana is a devotee that releases himself and seeks God and unifies in divine spirit and achieves spirituality in one hand and he is an eager lover that seeks beloved and combines in dive unity. He is manifestation of divinity that attends in the material world; and he places in center of the world and becomes ultimate goal of creation that his accompaniment is accompaniment by God and his abstention leads to deprivation of holiness. Prophets and holy figures are manifestation of perfected men in Masnavi Manuscript profile -
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73 - Introduction to the Phenomenology Of Love mysticism in the mysticism Of Molavi and Hafiz
Yusof JafarzadehIn the view of Love mysticism becoming of "humanity" as a manifestation of Divine attributes in the human occur in three stages: not awakened soul (Adam innocent of sin), awakened soul (Adam after sin) and love (lover Adam to God). According to this view angel is symbol MoreIn the view of Love mysticism becoming of "humanity" as a manifestation of Divine attributes in the human occur in three stages: not awakened soul (Adam innocent of sin), awakened soul (Adam after sin) and love (lover Adam to God). According to this view angel is symbol of not awakened soul and devil is symbol of awakened soul and human is a symbol of the love stage. Thushuman is comprehensive of angel and devil attributes. After the events of primordial sin, human stepped from the stage of angelic and the lack of awareness to the stage of awakening and awareness. In fact, the devil makes his entrance into this stage, but this stage is a window to enter the love scene of human and God in the context manifestations of God's Attributes glory and beauty in this world. Thus, in this sense, love transcending from relationship based on legal and moral rules to personalized relationship based on coquetry and need of loversand put in the center of meaning of this world life. This article is an introduction of the phenomenology of love- mysticism in the mysticism of Molavi and Hafiz. Manuscript profile -
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74 - The Commitment Of Molana Jalaledin to Sharia, spirituality and truth
Fatemeh heydari Maryam KiyaniSufism who often considers three categories of sharia, spirituality and truth as a single and indivisible concept believe that the sharia is beginning to enter the law and; they also count spirituality and truth without sharia as heterodoxy and atheism. Moreover, Sufism MoreSufism who often considers three categories of sharia, spirituality and truth as a single and indivisible concept believe that the sharia is beginning to enter the law and; they also count spirituality and truth without sharia as heterodoxy and atheism. Moreover, Sufism regards sharia as a guidance, piety and reliance on Allah, without which one cannot attain the spiritual goals. Molana Jalaledin Mohammad Balkhi is mystic of seventh century that likens the sharia to a candle without the light of which, it is impossible to conduct spirituality and get the truth. He insists in his writings about the discrepancies in these three categories and the obligatory of performance and observance of sharia principles, beliefs and transactions of sharia, spirituality and truth. The present paper aims to separate his comments in context of his belief and also have an overview on the tenets of sharia and favorite and their mean. Manuscript profile -
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75 - Reflection Of Love Aspects in Masnavi with an Approach to its Therapy
Zakie RashidabadiLove and infatuation are the ethics of Molana and basic concepts of hisSufism school. His Masnavi begins with the love story of straw and ends with love. The aim of this article is not to investigate about the role of love from Rumi’s perspective in general form since a MoreLove and infatuation are the ethics of Molana and basic concepts of hisSufism school. His Masnavi begins with the love story of straw and ends with love. The aim of this article is not to investigate about the role of love from Rumi’s perspective in general form since all his six books are about love, but the aim of this article is to investigate the place of love in the Masnavi regarding the developments in the modern world of today. The present article aims to answer this question that where is the place of love from the view point of Rumi? Whether his desired love has any place in the modern world of today.The results show that the Rumi’s characteristic goes beyond the time and space and always emphasizes on fundamental human issues such as love which never grow old. The genetic wish of human being is to get free from his own which is the most desirable product of love; since today in its light human being can get rid of his pains and achieve his innate desires. Thus the desired love of Rumi, as a light can explore the deep spiritual needs located within the human being. Manuscript profile -
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76 - Molana’s Semantic Views of love from Mystics’ point of view
Zahra KashanihaSweet story of love is a common theme in theosophy and among lovers of literature, which fills humankind's life with its heavenly perfume as a way to remind us of heaven and even encouraging setting off. Love is featured with codes and secrets, and it is Molavi's job to MoreSweet story of love is a common theme in theosophy and among lovers of literature, which fills humankind's life with its heavenly perfume as a way to remind us of heaven and even encouraging setting off. Love is featured with codes and secrets, and it is Molavi's job to reveal the secretes as he considers it as a trust to all creatures in their quest toward the One, and it is trusted in heart of very particles in the universe. This essay as a descriptive work is a try to discuss love as a key toward treasure of existence and heaven and surveys viewpoint of Molavi Roomi in this regard, so it is a fresh air of love and reminder of the source of love through recognizing true and fake love. Manuscript profile -
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77 - A Survey of Ethical and Rational Epistemology and their Relationship with Mystical Thoughts of Mowlavi Balkhi
Sedigheh SoleimaniSubject of this paper is related to epistemology, ethics and wisdom and its relationship with mysticism and mystical way of thinking of Balkhi Rumi's poetry and thought. This research answers the question of how to train for various reasons and what steps to explain. MoreSubject of this paper is related to epistemology, ethics and wisdom and its relationship with mysticism and mystical way of thinking of Balkhi Rumi's poetry and thought. This research answers the question of how to train for various reasons and what steps to explain. What comes in the mind of researchers as an assumption is the fact that Rumi had a special affinity toward "rationality and its relationship with God and nurturing human being". And since this is a significant part of Masnavi, the book, he strived to reform it into poetic mystic theme. He has designed some chapters, frameworks, and general rules with special subdivisions regarding rationality, its stages, and pioneers in social rationalities. Manuscript profile -
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78 - Instructional Function of Masnavi’s Inter and Outer story On The Basis of Association Theory
Mohamad ali Khazanedarloo Mohamad kazem Yousefpour Hossein YaseriAssociation is one of the mental capabilities.This category as a style in instruction, has got a particular position in literary texts, especially mystical ones. In style of educational association, the nature of education is not predetermined, fictitious.this style mak MoreAssociation is one of the mental capabilities.This category as a style in instruction, has got a particular position in literary texts, especially mystical ones. In style of educational association, the nature of education is not predetermined, fictitious.this style makes the text produce, in other words.It produces writerly.The direction, and educational orientation is determined through the process of teaching and training. The principle and the essence of association is movement and dynamism. The topic of this rserarch is to stady the instructional of function of masnavi’s Inter and outer story based on association theory.our research shows that the association is an educational and instructional style and molavi’style in masnavi. Of the association, features in Masnavi of maanavi are speech processing, thoughtful variation, dynamism, multilayer text and unmonotonousness instruction. Molana’s creativity applied the association which is a compulsory process on the service of instruction, a voluntary one in which the instruction has been used for a change. Manuscript profile -
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79 - The Analysis of Tajalli (Epiphany) in Divan-e Shams
azim hamzeian Tannaz Rashidi NasabTajalli (Epiphany) of God in the universe is one of the most notable intellectual foundations of Sufism. The Gnostics believed that the universe is an epiphany of God's names and attributes and the most important of them is the “Perfect Man” that is the most MoreTajalli (Epiphany) of God in the universe is one of the most notable intellectual foundations of Sufism. The Gnostics believed that the universe is an epiphany of God's names and attributes and the most important of them is the “Perfect Man” that is the most perfect tajalli in the universe. Rumi is known as one of the greatest mystics of the Sufi history.. Rumi, has introduced the most complete emergence of perfect human in Sufism – in the most of his poems – Shams -e Tabrizi, so in this work, he has been praised Shams. This study is to expression and show the Rumi explores ideas about the that in fact, with his mystical view about emergence of the names and attributes of God with descriptive and analytical method in Divan-e-Shams, according to Supererogatory proximity hadiths and duties, the great epiphany of God, has been discussed at the ultimate unity. Manuscript profile -
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80 - A Study of Predestination (Qadha and Qadar) from the Perspective of Verses and Hadiths with Rumi's Viewpoint in Masnavi
Ahmad Soleimani seadhashem GolestaniThe present research uses a descriptive-analytical method to explain Rumi's view on determinism, free will and the positions of agreement and disagreement without preference over each other which leads to a coherent study in accordance with our religious principles betw MoreThe present research uses a descriptive-analytical method to explain Rumi's view on determinism, free will and the positions of agreement and disagreement without preference over each other which leads to a coherent study in accordance with our religious principles between mysticism and verses. The belief in "fate and predestination" stems from the belief in the principle of general causality in the world. According to this belief, in the universe, every phenomenon has a cause and a measure, and nothing comes into being without a cause and without a definite measure. The purpose of this research is to study predestiation (Qadha and Qadar) in verses and hadiths from Rumi's point of view. In Rumi's Masnavi, the relationship between reason and fate is emphasized in a beautiful and appropriate way. Rumi, like his predecessors, does not have a single and tangible idea of reason, fate, and value, so in his famous work, Masnavi Manavi, he explains this issue. Manuscript profile -
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81 - A Comparative Study of the Ney-Nameh in Rumi's Masnavi Manavi, Based on the Theory of Discourse Systems by Greimas
ebrahim rahimi zanganeh Leila RahmatianSemiotics leads to the extraction of signs that represent the functions of discourse. Understanding the meaning through the formation and reaching the depth of the word reveals the relationship between these signs and the cognitive and sensory functions and reveals the MoreSemiotics leads to the extraction of signs that represent the functions of discourse. Understanding the meaning through the formation and reaching the depth of the word reveals the relationship between these signs and the cognitive and sensory functions and reveals the type of discourse system. Among the valuable Persian books, when it comes to Masnavi words, they are incomplete, and it is worth analyzing silence, but the thought on this interesting and real image and understanding the relations between references and meaning through unique mystical interpretations and its combination with the world literature in the field of modern literary theories can inspire the Maulana theorists in theories provided by theologians of terminology. This research answers that question; which Greimas's discourse systems find in Ney-Name. In addition, examines the techniques that achieve discursive functions and, through a descriptive-analytical approach, examines the interaction between the sign and the meanings in the Ney-Name. This essay shows that in order to understand meaning, we must derive the signs that are understood from different cognitive and sensory functions, and they find out in the interplay between them the resulting discourses. Manuscript profile -
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82 - Mystical-Psychological Analysis of Eating Desire from Molavi’s Viewpoint
Kouros karimpasandiIn Molavi’s anthropological attitude, one of the primary and vital desires of man is eating desire. Molavi regards the eating desire of the human being to be the main and basic physiological necessity of human from the human exterior and with the physiological loo MoreIn Molavi’s anthropological attitude, one of the primary and vital desires of man is eating desire. Molavi regards the eating desire of the human being to be the main and basic physiological necessity of human from the human exterior and with the physiological look of the human being, which leads to the emergence of other human desires and leads to the growth and prosperity of human potentials. This paper analyzes the methodology of explaining the Molavi’s epistemic and psychological attitudes about appetite with the result that humans, while benefiting from all kinds of eating provide their physical needs in moderation ؛ and to cultivate their spiritual aspects, they will forgive the eating desire and apply in the ducts and channels of the clan to become wisdom , thought and faith, and to bring about human heavenly ascension. Manuscript profile -
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83 - Inspection and Analysis of the Role of Command and Prohibition in the Fifth Book of Molavi's Masnavi
masoomeh habibvand Mohammad Sadegh tafazzoliAbstractThis research, titled "Inspection and Analysis of the Role of Command and Prohibition in the Fifth Book of Molavi's Masnavi," intends to employ the analytic-library method to inspect two of the common terms of the Molana's poetics culture, "Command and Prohibiti MoreAbstractThis research, titled "Inspection and Analysis of the Role of Command and Prohibition in the Fifth Book of Molavi's Masnavi," intends to employ the analytic-library method to inspect two of the common terms of the Molana's poetics culture, "Command and Prohibition," by referring to the fifth book of Masnavi-e Ma'navi and Principles of the Meanings Science. Therefore, it shows these terms nature and manner in order to discover the secondary meanings of some verses in the mentioned work. The end of the rules and principles of the meaning science is not to inspect the literal meaning of the sentences, but to inspect the sentences' secondary meanings that can be expressed. In this science, sentences are divided into two categories: declarative and composite (Ensha'i). Declarative sentences are those having truth and falsehood qualities; however, composite sentences are those with no truth and falsehood qualities. According to the results of this research, Masnavi-e Molavi is a mystical and didactic book; therefore, Molana's extensive use of command and prohibition is obvious. We better understand the issue when we know that Molana's mind uses different methods to implant the ethical and mystical concepts into the audience's mind and conscience. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Gold Bearing Conglomerates in some Molasse Basins of Iran
Elkhan A. MamedovThis article lists a number of geological data on the conditions of formation of some major gold deposits in the conglomerates of the Earth\'s crust. We analyze the metallogenic, tectonic, stratigraphic and other factors controlling the formation of gold-bearing conglom MoreThis article lists a number of geological data on the conditions of formation of some major gold deposits in the conglomerates of the Earth\'s crust. We analyze the metallogenic, tectonic, stratigraphic and other factors controlling the formation of gold-bearing conglomerates in certain fields, such as the Witwatersrand (S. Africa) and Darwaz (Tajikistan). The following tectonic factors play the leading role in controlling the formation of deposits of gold-bearing conglomerates in the Earth\'s crust: Epochs of mountain building of different ages in folded belts; Epochs of mountain building in activation of consolidated gold ore provinces in the domed uplifts of ancient shields, median areas and in areas with complete folding; The role of lithogenesis of the molasse cycle, transgressions and angular unconformity in the formation of gold-bearing conglomerates in a large area; Synchroneity with mountain building in gold ore provinces of different, intermountain molasse and marginal basins of various ages; and imposed volcanic and terrigenic conglomeratic molasse basins in activated gold ore provinces Volcanic belts and deep faults. There are three industrial types of gold-bearing conglomerates: ancient Precambrian (indurated) sedimentary-metamorphosed placer, Phanerozoic cemented placer, and younger, weak, friable Pliocene-Pleistocene placers. We give some details about the methods for their exploration and financial costs for the development of selected industrial types of gold-bearing conglomerates. In this article, it is noted that during the Sassanian and the Mongolian Empire a certain amount of native gold was extracted from the Late Alpine molasse conglomerates which formed during the activation of gold ore area of the major Iranian middle massif. By analogy with the geological conditions of formation of deposits of gold-bearing conglomerates in the Earth\'s crust, the geological search criteria for deposits of gold-bearing conglomerates in some orogenic and widespread activated imposed conglomeratic molasse basins of Iran are given. A number of promising molasse conglomeratic basins are indicated: Mashhad intermountain deflection, as well as a number of superimposed molasse basins in the active superimposed volcano- plutonic belt of Iran, in particular Lut Block, middle massif, Tabriz , Ahar , and other superimposed molasse basins in the large Sabalan ring structure. In conclusion, we propose the development of selected areas and the establishment of new major resources of the gold - placer industry of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - The Woman in The Poem Of Molana As Anima
Saba Biyokzadeh Hamid SamsamMolavi was the poet and mystic of the seventh century in the literature of Iran, his literary masterpiece, Masnavi is called Ajam Quran, and Shams was considered as the manifestation of the Spirit of Molana. In some parts of the book, Molana talked about the manifesting MoreMolavi was the poet and mystic of the seventh century in the literature of Iran, his literary masterpiece, Masnavi is called Ajam Quran, and Shams was considered as the manifestation of the Spirit of Molana. In some parts of the book, Molana talked about the manifesting effect of woman’s face in the form of different anecdotes. Among all the characters and women who had an effect on Masnavi or Divan, Anima, the feminine soul of men, was one of the most important principles of his thought. In the sonnets of Molavi, Anima had characteristics such as: fascinating and charms, being source of life, sanctity and mediation between conscious and unconscious mind, and it was represented by symbols of birds like: parrot and phoenix, and mysteries such as fairy, deer, Huma, water and wind, and words like idol. Anima has both positive and negative aspects, but mostly the negative aspect of it, wasn’t presented in the poems of Molana. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - Demographics Characteristic Of Self-Inflicted Womans
ایمان Farajolah ChabiSelf-immolation is the beginning of a misfortune for a woman, family and the society. Becausea woman who immolates her self, if survives, should spend much time for remedy and may comeacross with an apparent anomaly for ever. This study was aimed to evaluate the demogra MoreSelf-immolation is the beginning of a misfortune for a woman, family and the society. Becausea woman who immolates her self, if survives, should spend much time for remedy and may comeacross with an apparent anomaly for ever. This study was aimed to evaluate the demographicscharacteristic of self-immolated women. Since public information and studies in such cases, undoubtedly,are very effective in reducing self-infliction in women, in this regard, in addition to theprevious studies, a questionnaire was prepared by the researchers, given to 100 self –immolatedwomen hospitalized in Ahwaz Taleghani hospital; these women were interviewed as well. Resultsshowed that literacy and educational levels, suitable job, culture and economical conditions ,riskof factors related to marital status, age ,and mental and personality disorders are important factorsin self-immolation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - Densities and Viscosities for Binary and Ternary Mixtures of Benzene + Cyclohexane and + N,N-Dimethyl acetamide at Temperature of 298.15 K
Mohsen Doost Mohammadi Majid Hamzehloo -
Open Access Article
88 - Reflecting elements of Hormesis school in poems Attar, Moiana, and Hafez
Mahmood taghi poor badr shahin ghasemi farzaneh sorkhiReflecting elements of Hormesis school in poems Attar, Moiana, and Hafez Hermeticism one of the oldest intellectual traditions it is in Iranian mysticism. Which its course through Dhul-Nun of Egyptian, and ibn Arabi To shahabuddin Suhravardi To Iranian poetry and lit MoreReflecting elements of Hormesis school in poems Attar, Moiana, and Hafez Hermeticism one of the oldest intellectual traditions it is in Iranian mysticism. Which its course through Dhul-Nun of Egyptian, and ibn Arabi To shahabuddin Suhravardi To Iranian poetry and literature has been established. Hermes or Hermeticism Philosophy which according to the writings of Hermes Trismegistu is created. Upcoming article with descriptive,analytical method and comparative.The research results show Effort has this capability that the objective and tangible world Man to the abstract world and transmits withinThe acti0ns of these three poets coherence of Hermetic mysticism with iranianMysticism it is in his poem. This approach useful works To improve the quality And a little of human lif brings. This essay has tried in some key topics such as,Klchemy, transformation, Manifestation, Abstraction and…Share the words of three poets. In writing this articie from direct sources such as Divan Attar, Maulawi s spiritual masnavi and Hafez s sonnets, Hermetic books and the Hermetic tradition used. According to this article sir Bin Maieh Hormesi In the poetic works of iraqi style, the result of inclusiveness the general Popularity of poets, in the 5th-9th centuries it has been seen in order of Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - The Analysis of Realm of Knowledge in the First Three Books of Masnavi
Seyed Mohammad Amiri Neda PazajDrink the wine of divine knowledge is unwieldy and difficult task; but God who is the ultimate of perfection and beauty is not covered from all creatures. He created to be known in the faces of His creatures. In the endless sea of Masnavi, Molana has spoken a lot abou MoreDrink the wine of divine knowledge is unwieldy and difficult task; but God who is the ultimate of perfection and beauty is not covered from all creatures. He created to be known in the faces of His creatures. In the endless sea of Masnavi, Molana has spoken a lot about God’s knowledge. He believed although God is not knowable and stated reasons for this being away, he didn’t rejected Lord of Conduct and counted the ways of recognizing God. He believed that there is no knowledge when God doesn’t allow to smell our souls scent of garden of knowledge secrects. In view of Molana, cognition and knowledge have some consequences for mystic such as: Connecting God’s science to the mystic’s science, closing tongue, fear and achieving absolute happiness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - The Study of Feminine Status in the Works of Simin Daneshvar, Fereshteh Molavai and RaziehTojjar
Shahrooz Jamali Sayedeh Roya SajadiThe perception of social condition derived from the literature and letter can conduct the researchers to achieve an imbibition beyond the formal and prominent viewpoints of society. Being one of the most significant tools in the perception of social status, the literatu MoreThe perception of social condition derived from the literature and letter can conduct the researchers to achieve an imbibition beyond the formal and prominent viewpoints of society. Being one of the most significant tools in the perception of social status, the literature has been analyzed in this study to reveal the social role and status of women; accordingly, three feminine authors have been chosen, i.e. Simin Danshvar; RaziehTojjar and Fereshteh Molaviwhose their works have been studied in this contribution. Women in the works of Daneshvar are assumed to have a more socially active role in comparison to those of other authors. Contrarily, women in Tojar ‘books are believed to be the traditional women with partially persistent dissatisfaction, indicating surrendered wife without any will, power and authorization. More obviously, the independent and single-minded women can be inferred from the works by Daneshvar, having some social roles in addition to those of housekeeping and efforts to improve and modify their status and society. Several socially-oriented women are observed in the works of Molavi, indicating an interstitial social status of women in relation to those by Danashvar and Tojjrar Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - A Survey on "Quest" in Maulana's Mathnavi
Seyyed Mohammad Khaled Ghaffari Hassan HeidaryanAccording to most of mystics, the first stage in the mystical conduct is the man's desire to return to his homeland. This desire and willpower to return to origin (Everything returns to its origin) is flowing, not only in humans, but also in all substances. & MoreAccording to most of mystics, the first stage in the mystical conduct is the man's desire to return to his homeland. This desire and willpower to return to origin (Everything returns to its origin) is flowing, not only in humans, but also in all substances. The faces of particulars are set towards the universals nightingales Play game of love with the rose. (Mathnavi, 1/767).That which is of the sea is going to the sea: it is going to the place , Whence it came. (Mathnavi, 1/771).From the mountain the swift-rushing torrent, and from our body the soul , Whose motion is inspired by love. (Mathnavi, 1/772). Molavi also from the very beginning of his verses in Mathnavi (Ney Name) starts his speech by inviting people to listening to the sufferings of Ney for being abandoned from Neystan. Since all the researchers believe that all Mathnavi has been summarized in the eighteen verses of Ney Name, Maulana's Mathnavi is the story of this desire and many of the tales interpreted by Maulana, aim to inflame the fire of desire in seeker and mystic traveler's heart. This paper aims at investigating the" Quest" subject from Maulana's point of view. Maulana's special belief in Mathnavi is discussed after some Sufi masters and ideas introduce. The manner of researching in this essay is mainly rational analysis and library method. Since Mathnavi has been composed full of emotions, mystic singing and dancing, mystical points have been interpreted and scattered among his stories. So, to find out Molana's point of view in each of them, one cannot help searching all six volumes of Mathnavi in great detail and care. This research is an effort to collect Molana's view points regarding quest in logical and systematic method to leave no need for researchers of Mathnavi's mystical ideas to go through all six volumes of Mathnavi for this topic. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - Molavi’s Artistic Viewpoint of Quran and Hadis in Kolliyaat-e Shams
Badrie GhavamiIn Islamic Theology and Moslem’s Literature, Quran and Hadis are two primary rich and complete sources which poets and writers have inspired from constantly through the history. Molavi is one of the poets of Persian language who has benefited from them in an MoreIn Islamic Theology and Moslem’s Literature, Quran and Hadis are two primary rich and complete sources which poets and writers have inspired from constantly through the history. Molavi is one of the poets of Persian language who has benefited from them in an artistic manner. Artistic selection and picking some verses and prophet’s sayings has made Molavi more successful than other poets in connecting with the audience; this issue has made Molavi’s Ghazaliaate specific and different in comparison with other poet’s Ghazaliaat. Although, this way of application is also observed in Sanaaie’s and Attar’s poem, it has noticeable frequency in kolliyaat-e- Shams and has particular variety there. This means that Molavi has now and then interfered in expressions of verses and prophet’s sayings or their meaning or he has sometimes used verses and prophet’s sayings in a meaning other than their real meaning. Molavi’s particular art lies in the type of entangling these phrases with other words of poems to make compound adjectives and nouns. The writer of this article has investigated some poems of Kolliyaat-e- Shams as a sample here and has shown how the poet has used verses and prophet’s saying and their artistic reflection. This is in order to linguistically artistic landscapes of Molavi’s Ghazals to the audiences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - The Reflection of Contradiction in the Mathnavi
Mohammad Reza Hesaraki Mohammad Ali GozashtiDuring successive centuries, human being was tryingo to find out the truth of cosmos and to do this successfully, the philosophers and mystics have taken a new approach. One of the most eminent mystics of the East is Molavi who chose an opposite way for perceiving facts MoreDuring successive centuries, human being was tryingo to find out the truth of cosmos and to do this successfully, the philosophers and mystics have taken a new approach. One of the most eminent mystics of the East is Molavi who chose an opposite way for perceiving facts. The best way to know human, nature and even God is obtained by an opposite way.Without darkness no one can perceive the lightness and this difference is seen superficially.In his idea,the word is composed of opposite and God can appear by every opposite way life is reconciliation of opposites, with its death ,its wars.In other words,the appearance of creatures is only possible in the heads of opposites. He belives that the existence of Cosmos depends on the war between these opposites. On the other hand, in his idea, the synthesis of the world is different from the afore- mentioned facts and the paradise is free from this opposite. The wars of human is for God / The trees without leaves is a sign of paradise Human anger is in the pursuit of peace/Comfortable life is usually uncomfortable The next word is for good, / because it is free of opposites Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - The Investigation of "Repentance" in Molana's Mathnavi
Hassan HeidaryanFrom the very beginning of Sufism existence, Mystic's Stations and affections of observance have divisions according to ways of the Sufis conduct orders which at times have differences with regard to number as well as priority and posteriori. Yet all orders have conside MoreFrom the very beginning of Sufism existence, Mystic's Stations and affections of observance have divisions according to ways of the Sufis conduct orders which at times have differences with regard to number as well as priority and posteriori. Yet all orders have considered Repentance as the first and the base of conduct.Molana's Mathnavi also begins with Nei Name from the beginning and ends with an incomplete story called "Deje Hooshroba" a story of separation and aloofness from Neystan and excitation of man, captured in the evil prompting self and soil prison, in seeking his origin while his perfection is not possible without Repentance in start of the conduct. Therefore, Molana encourages man to repent through pages of Mathnavi. This essay tries to investigate the" repentance" subject from Molana's point of view and after the introduction and the ideas of some Sufi masters, Molana's special belief in this regard is discussed. The references used in this research, in the first place are Molana's works especially, Mathnavi, as well as the most important mystical works related to this issue. The manner of researching in this essay is mainly rational analysis and library method. The conclusion of this research is: because Molana has composed Mathnavi, being full of emotions, mystic singing and dancing, mystical points have been interpreted and scattered among his stories. So to find out Molana's point of view in each of them one cannot help searching all six volumes of Mathnavi in great detail and care. This research is an effort to collect Molana's view points regarding repentance in logical and systematic method to leave no need for researchers of Mathnavi's mystical ideas to go through all six volumes of Mathnavi for this topic. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - Molavi 's Lingual Art in Kolliyaat-e- Shams
Badriyah GhavamiThe secret of beauty of Molavi 's Ghazals is to a large extent due to the poet 's language to which innovation and affluence of words and combinations has given a particular appearance. Molavi 's new experiences have caused him to find out various delicacies of language MoreThe secret of beauty of Molavi 's Ghazals is to a large extent due to the poet 's language to which innovation and affluence of words and combinations has given a particular appearance. Molavi 's new experiences have caused him to find out various delicacies of language and via this very realization find an appropriate language for his own poems.This survey is the outcome of a new attitude at Kolliyaat-e- Shams from a lingual viewpoint. An attempt has been made in this article to observe Molavi 's language as far as possible. Language is like other components of poems made of some units: Phonic unit, lexical unit and structural unit. The writer intends in this to observe Molavi 's lexical unit in Kolliyaat-e- Shams.Kolliyaat-e- Shams is unique among Ghazal poets due to extent of dictions. This extensiveness and variety is because of broad range of Molavi 's thoughts and emotions. Molavi 's attention to meaning has affected the application of dictions in a way that informal words and combinations are rare.Particular dictions which are rare in other Ghazal poet 's languages are affluently seen in Divaan-e- Shams. Molavi 's main art is innovating new words. Due to his experiences and based on emotional needs, Molavi has innovated new words and combinations which have not been used before him. Even the structural patterns of some of these words do not follow phonic and structural rules. These very agents not only have no harm to Molavi 's language but also clarify Molavi 's lingual art to the audience. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - The Analysis and Comparison of Love in Hafez, Molavi (Rumi), and Ibn Al-Farid`s Works
Azarnoush Gilani Vahid GholamiThe Analysis and comparison of Love in Hafez, Molavi (Rumi), and Ibn al-Farid`s works Abstract: Love is one of the fundamental issues of Mysticism, as without considering it, Mysticism and Transcendent theosophy can not be understood. Love in Mysticism literature has al MoreThe Analysis and comparison of Love in Hafez, Molavi (Rumi), and Ibn al-Farid`s works Abstract: Love is one of the fundamental issues of Mysticism, as without considering it, Mysticism and Transcendent theosophy can not be understood. Love in Mysticism literature has also a great position, so a major part of Mysticism literature is about this issue. in Mysticism literature, specially in Hafez, Molavi (Rumi), and Ibn al-Farid, which are the cases for this research, Love can be studied in two aspects: Virtual Love or Human Love, and Mystic Love or Divine Love. Although experts have different and sometimes contradictory opinions on this, but as we can see in the meaning of these poet`s works, Human Love or Virtual Love is like a bridge to the Divine Love, and the true purpose of them is to attain to the spiritual and transcendental Divine Love, since for these poets the humane beauty and all kinds of beauties in world, is nothing more than the epiphany of Right (God). In this article, by using our references, we try to analysis and comparison Love in Hafez, Molavi (Rumi), and Ibn al-Farid`s works. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - Comparative comparison of the components of love in the thought of Maulana Jalaluddin Balkhi and Ervin Yalom
Masoome Ghasemlo qaidari Morteza Razakpour Mohammad Ismail Ebrahimi Love is one of the most important and fundamental mystical topics that is prominently raised in Islamic mysticism and in the works and thought of Rumi; In the way that in Masnavi, love is one of the ways to reach God's connection and perish in His essence and surv More Love is one of the most important and fundamental mystical topics that is prominently raised in Islamic mysticism and in the works and thought of Rumi; In the way that in Masnavi, love is one of the ways to reach God's connection and perish in His essence and survive in Him. In Rumi's mystical thought, the ultimate goal of love is the unity of the lover and the beloved; But in Yalom's opinion, love is one of the meaningful components of life. He acknowledges the power of love in transforming a person and giving meaning to life. Although he likened love to religious ecstasies; But due to not believing in the supernatural and not paying attention to spiritual matters among the types of love, he has only paid attention to earthly love. Among the types of earthly love, his attention is mostly focused on carnal and somehow moral love. This research aims to investigate the components of love in the thought of Rumi and Yalom in a descriptive-comparative way. The result of the research shows that Yalom believes that love should be mature and developed and believes that love brings with it responsibility and the person in love should be responsible for the physical and psychological needs of the beloved and for his/her uniqueness, be valued Like Yalom, Rumi believes that love gives meaning and warmth to life, and also that love brings responsibility; In such a way that his alignment with Yalom in this theory is clearly visible in his poems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - A Comparison of the Intertextuality of the Qur'anic Poems of abu al-atahiah and the Molavi About the ways toAscetic
Mohamadjavad koochakyazdi ali nabiolahi One of the literary treasures is poetry, meanwhile, many muslim poets are influenced by the Holy quran, and in their poems they have published the teachings, a comparative study of some of these poets In order to understand their views and the quality of the qura More One of the literary treasures is poetry, meanwhile, many muslim poets are influenced by the Holy quran, and in their poems they have published the teachings, a comparative study of some of these poets In order to understand their views and the quality of the quran's impact on them about strategies for achieving ascetic the purpose of this article is.To do this two Muslim poets namely, Abu al- atahiah as an Arabic-language poet and mawlawi was chosen as a persian poet. At first, ascetic's poems of abu al-atahiah and Molavi were identified Then, using the content analysis method and the term and identifying the verse the poet has chosen the relationship between poetry and the Qur'an was explained, this work was done in three forms of partial negation, general negation and parallel negation based on Kristeva's view. The results of this study showed that the views of these two poets on the ways of achieving asceticism are very broad Things like: Fighting the air of self, emphasizing resurrection, remembering God's constant supervision, and paying attention to the end of the world; among these are the results It is also possible to say the poems of Abu al-atahiah with an ascetic approach is and Multidimensional Molavi Poems and it is mystical. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - A comparative study of the outlook of Sanaee and Molavi about the traveling
REZA AGHAYARI ZAHEDin Persian literature, traveling has been proposed in the poems. The spiritual dimension which is known as the internal, spiritual, and inner traveling desire has been originated from the thoughtfulness principal of mystic literature. This journey’s destination is Morein Persian literature, traveling has been proposed in the poems. The spiritual dimension which is known as the internal, spiritual, and inner traveling desire has been originated from the thoughtfulness principal of mystic literature. This journey’s destination is God which finally ends up with decay in God is known as a type of rebirth of the faithful follower (called survival after death). All efforts of the mystics revolve around the guidance of human being to this route. If we investigate the thoughts of the mystics during the pass of centuries, we can come across a thought bond within this relationship. Each poet has emphasized about inner journey in a different way but referring to the same concept. In the present research the thoughts of two great figures in mysticism, Sanaee and Molavi, about traveling . The results showed that both poets have understood their mystic responsibility in a way that they considered themselves responsible to guide human beings to enter the route to know their divine identities. Therefore, they have stressed on inner journey. The obligatory journey of human being has exiled him/her from the divine world into this world and human beings should try to re-enter that world through inner journey. To do so, human being should abandon worldly pleasures and should enter mystic routes with the help of a leader. Regarding this view, we can refer to the ancient pattern of heroic journey to the mystic world Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - The Design of Women's Shirts and Vests with an Approach to Visual Arts Derived from the Moula Art of the Guna Tribe in Panama
Yasaman Sadat Dashti Ehsan zarinabadi Fateme AkhondiClothing has been with humans in sync with human civilization, and the development of societies and civilizations has drastically changed it. Clothing reflects the culture of the people ofa country and region and can be a means of cultural invasion and influence of othe MoreClothing has been with humans in sync with human civilization, and the development of societies and civilizations has drastically changed it. Clothing reflects the culture of the people ofa country and region and can be a means of cultural invasion and influence of other cultures. Iran has a history as old as the history of its people. Cultural richness can be found in any region of this country. The diverse clothing can be seen in different regions of Iran by looking at different tribes, cities, and provinces of the country. Besides, traditional Iranian clothes represent the art and culture of their region. Today, traditional clothes are less popular among people than in the past due to the societies urbanization . So, clothing designers are obliged to present new designs to the market that match the taste and fashion of present generation. In this study, women's vests and shirts are designed by combining the clothing of Central American women, Panama, called Mola, and the traditional clothing of Iranian women. It can be argued that the resulting designs are diverse and can inspire new ideas in the minds of the audience and clothing designers. According to the results, modern traditional arts can be integrated with Iranian traditional arts and new ideas and suitable clothes can be introduced to the audience if it is based on a correct understanding of clothing and fabric design.Clothing has been with humans in sync with human civilization, and the development of societies and civilizations has drastically changed it. Clothing reflects the culture of the people ofa country and region and can be a means of cultural invasion and influence of other cultures. Iran has a history as old as the history of its people. Cultural richness can be found in any region of this country. The diverse clothing can be seen in different regions of Iran by looking at different tribes, cities, and provinces of the country. Besides, traditional Iranian clothes represent the art and culture of their region. Today, traditional clothes are less popular among people than in the past due to the societies urbanization . So, clothing designers are obliged to present new designs to the market that match the taste and fashion of present generation. In this study, women's vests and shirts are designed by combining the clothing of Central American women, Panama, called Mola, and the traditional clothing of Iranian women. It can be argued that the resulting designs are diverse and can inspire new ideas in the minds of the audience and clothing designers. According to the results, modern traditional arts can be integrated with Iranian traditional arts and new ideas and suitable clothes can be introduced to the audience if it is based on a correct understanding of clothing and fabric design. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - Preparation and formulation of low-calorie hot chili pepper sauce based on sugar beet molasses sweetener
ayda golbaaz alireza rahman Fateme hoseinmardiBecause of the high amount of waste produced by the food industry, this waste management has been considered by researchers. Molasses is a by-product of the production of crystal sugar, despite its functional and nutrient compounds, it is mostly used for livestock consu MoreBecause of the high amount of waste produced by the food industry, this waste management has been considered by researchers. Molasses is a by-product of the production of crystal sugar, despite its functional and nutrient compounds, it is mostly used for livestock consumption. This study aimed to use molasses in hot chili sauce formulation as a substitute for sucrose. The sugar beet molasses replaced sucrose in hot red pepper sauce formulation after heating as zero to 3%. pH, viscosity, moisture, calories value, Microbial (Mold and yeast), were studied, and sensory evaluation was measured by the five-point hedonic method. The results showed that an increase of sucrose in formulation, pH value, calories, microbial growth population decreased (p<0.05). Increased moisture content, and a* index observed in the treatments (P<0.05), The use of molasses up to 0.5% in the treatment had very taste favorable for the assessors. The treatment's texture was affected by 1% molasses replacement. The brittleness of the treatments changed and became a pasted. The most desirable treatment was it containing 0.25 and 0.5% molasses. According to the results, when molasses using in the sauce formulation, the quality, shelf life, and nutritional value of products can be improved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - A new manuscript of Alemara e Shah
mohammad nadi salim mayam heidareOne of the Iranain Historiographical traditions is the writing of books about Kings whose lifes coincidented with very effective changes. A sample is a manuscript which its author is Ismael Hosseini Marashi Tabrizi Known as “mir molayem bag” contempora MoreOne of the Iranain Historiographical traditions is the writing of books about Kings whose lifes coincidented with very effective changes. A sample is a manuscript which its author is Ismael Hosseini Marashi Tabrizi Known as “mir molayem bag” contemporary to Safid kings ,Shāh Safi and Shāh Abbas II , a book that we can entile its " Ālam Ārā-yi Shāh Ṭaḥmāsb I". Aiming to explain the events of Shah Tahmasb s period(1523-1576), Author has been writing the events from 1523 till 1573 A.D and with along narative prose & historical reports. Moreover, this manuscript gaves very useful information about political & military situation in Shāh Ṭaḥmāsb era & gives useful informations from social and cultural life of common peoples & etc. The aim of this article is to introduce & analysis of the numerous & meritorious qualities of this manuscript. Because, it is not pay attention to its. Then, this article ,briefly, notes to its value & importance by way of sorting & explaining of this manuscript s outstanding properties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - Demographic factors affecting the motivations of suicide by self-burnin (hospitalized in burn unit of zare hospital Sari-Iran)
Mehdi FazliAbstract self - Burning is also a method of suicide. Thus the individual, informed by burning their body tries to interrupt her life string. Several demographic factors can affect the motivation of self-immolation. Therefore, in this paper the effect of demo MoreAbstract self - Burning is also a method of suicide. Thus the individual, informed by burning their body tries to interrupt her life string. Several demographic factors can affect the motivation of self-immolation. Therefore, in this paper the effect of demographic variables such as age, gender, migration, marital status, age at marriage, during marriage, second marriage, divorce, and the number of children was investigated. This study was a descriptive and cross - sectional. The population of this study consisted of all the people who committed suicide by self-immolation in the burn hospital admissions are Shaid Zareh Sari. The sample in this study was the statistical community. In other words, all of burned people surveyed from October 2012 (Persian date Mehr 1388 to 1391 )to October 2009 during 36 months for various reasons have immolation. Collecting data in this study were obtained by interview and questionnaire. Based on the results of this study, the motivation of people for self-immolation 47/4 ٪ was emotionally , 31.6 ٪ was economicaly and 21.1 ٪ was psycological motivation. our study about relationship between demographic factors and motives of self-immolation showed that relationship between age, migration, marital status, duration of marriage, divorce, remarriage, the number of children motivated by self-immolation were signeficant. Also the result of this study showed that the relationship between gender and age and self-burning were not signeficant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - Investigating Intellectual Principles and Opinions of Imam Khomeini on Molazemeh rule and application of intellectual reason
Hossein Samadyar Asghar Arabian Seyyed Abul-Ghasem NaghibiAccording to advances and widespread changes in various aspects of human life and the need to deduce the religious law in new issues, the need for intellectual reason is felt more than ever. To study the Intellectual Principles and Opinions of Imam Khomeini on Molazemeh MoreAccording to advances and widespread changes in various aspects of human life and the need to deduce the religious law in new issues, the need for intellectual reason is felt more than ever. To study the Intellectual Principles and Opinions of Imam Khomeini on Molazemeh rule and application intellectual reason, investigation of reasoning jurisprudential and principled texts, votes and fatawas was done based on the content analysis method. The result of the research indicates this issue. About intellectual reason from viewpoint Imam Khomeini, he considered "intellect" as a source for the inference of rulings; hence he defined the realm between the ruling of intellect and the ruling of Shari’ah. He also considered intellect as an instrument for understanding the the Ketab and the Sunnah. The jurisprudential opinions of Imam Khomeini in some matters clearly indicate the position of intellect in the inference of religious rules in his view. For example, the documentation of the necessity of the establishment of an Islamic state is due to intellectual reason and the preliminaries and intellectual reasoning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - Investigating the effects of using different levels of urea and molasses on performance, some egg traits and blood parameters in late laying period of laying hens
محمد Narimani علی Nobakht, A حبیب Aghdam ShahryarAbstract This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of using different levels of urea and molasses on performance, some egg traits and blood serum biochemical parameters in late laying period of laying hens. This experiment was conducted with two hundred MoreAbstract This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of using different levels of urea and molasses on performance, some egg traits and blood serum biochemical parameters in late laying period of laying hens. This experiment was conducted with two hundred and sixteen Hy Line- (W-36) laying hens from 62 to 74 weeks of age in a 3× 2 factorial design with 3 levels of urea (0.25%, 0.5% and 0.75%) and two levels of molasses (0 and 3%). The diets included: 1) 0.25% of urea + 0 percent of molasses, 2) 0.25% of urea + 3 percent of molasses, 3) 0. 5% of urea + 0 percent of molasses, 4) 0.5% of urea + 3 percent of molasses, 5) 0.75% of urea + 0 percent of molasses, 6) 0.25% of urea + 3 percent of molasses. The results of this experiment showed that using 0.5% of urea and 3% of molasses did not have any significant effect in the performance and egg traits (p>0.05) and only produced significant decrease in blood glucose levels (p<0.05). It was concluded that using diets with 0.5% of urea and 3% of Molasses can improve economical efficiency of laying hens by reducing the amount of soybean meal in diets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - A survey of mystical concept in the poetry of Molavi e Kord
ali fathollahi shamsossadat hosseyniSied Abdo al Rahim Molavi is one of the best and well-known figure in the nation of Kord people so trhat his poem is distinguish with pen name of Mah Adoomi. His positin between caliber and capable Kord people is fixed and it is due to his ability in the realm of Kalam MoreSied Abdo al Rahim Molavi is one of the best and well-known figure in the nation of Kord people so trhat his poem is distinguish with pen name of Mah Adoomi. His positin between caliber and capable Kord people is fixed and it is due to his ability in the realm of Kalam and his work show this and prove his ability in this field of science. His relation and cooperation with the sect of Naghshbandieh is clear and it has been proved. He composed a lot of his poetry in the honore of Seraj aj din and Shikh e Bahai. Most his poetry shows the co-relation between the student and their teacher in the realm of mysticism. His poetry in the language of Persian and Arabic and Kordish crystalize that he had ability in this languages. It could be said that his ritual work and concept are not just his content of poetry but also mystical poetry so that searching and analyzing of this is more important and this is the main point of this paper. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - Meaning Layers in the Historical Evolution of Baroque (A Look at Personification of “Pari” in rumi)
Narges Mohammadi Badr Yahya Noorodini AghdamBaroque literature is a 17th century prose genre that has several distinctive characteristics when compared to literary styles of earlier centuries. The baroque era is known for the use of dramatic elements in all art forms, and works of baroque literature are generally MoreBaroque literature is a 17th century prose genre that has several distinctive characteristics when compared to literary styles of earlier centuries. The baroque era is known for the use of dramatic elements in all art forms, and works of baroque literature are generally no exception. Writers of this time period expanded and perfected the uses of allegories with multiple layers of meaning. Smaller-scale metaphors are also frequent trademarks of this genre, and many works of baroque literature focus on humanity's struggle to find deep meaning in existence. A fairy tale is a type of short story that typically features folkloric fantasy characters, such as fairies, goblins, elves, trolls, dwarves, giants, mermaids, or gnomes, and usually magic or enchantments. Fairy tales may be distinguished from other folk narratives such as legends - which generally involve belief in the veracity of the events described - and explicitly moral tales, including beast fables. Fairy (= Pari) is found in oral and in literary form. The history of the fairy tale is particularly difficult to trace because only the literary forms can survive. Two theories of origins have attempted to explain the common elements in fairy tales found spread over continents. One is that a single point of origin generated any given tale, which then spread over the centuries; the other is that such fairy tales stem from common human experience and therefore can appear separately in many different origins. Fairy tales with very similar plots, characters, and motifs are found spread across many different cultures for example Mowlana`s Works, Fairy (pari) is personage whit several means.This Study is about layers of meaning in baroque literature and pairy personage in Qazaliyyat e Mowlana Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - Nutritional Value of Spent Mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) Compost Silage Treated with Different Level of Molasses in Sheep Feeding
K. Zaboli S. Kalvandi M. Malecky M. Nasrabadi -
Open Access Article
109 - تأثیر سطوح مختلف پساب تقطیری ملاس بر عملکرد، صفات لاشه و خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی روده جوجههای گوشتی
ط. امجدیان م.م. معینی ش. قاضی ش. ورکوهیدر این آزمایش اثرات افزودن پساب تقطیری ملاس درجیره­ غذایی برعملکرد رشد، صفات لاشه، طول وعرض پرزهای روده جوجه­های گوشتی بررسی شد. 400 قطعه جوجه گوشتی یکروزه راس 308 به طور تصادفی در بیست قفس قرار گرفتند. پساب تقطیری ملاس در سطوح 0 و 4 درصد به جیره آغازین و در سطو Moreدر این آزمایش اثرات افزودن پساب تقطیری ملاس درجیره­ غذایی برعملکرد رشد، صفات لاشه، طول وعرض پرزهای روده جوجه­های گوشتی بررسی شد. 400 قطعه جوجه گوشتی یکروزه راس 308 به طور تصادفی در بیست قفس قرار گرفتند. پساب تقطیری ملاس در سطوح 0 و 4 درصد به جیره آغازین و در سطوح 0 و 4 و 8 درصد به جیره رشد افزوده شد. میانگین افزایش وزن روزانه، میانگین خوراک مصرفی روزانه و ضریب تبدیل غذایی از 7 تا 42 روزگی محاسبه گردید. نتایج این آزمایش نشان داد، افزودن پساب تقطیری ملاس بر فراسنجه­های رشد، طول و عرض پرز ژوژونوم و عمق کریپت و صفات لاشه معنی­دار نبود و اثر منفی مشاهده نگردید (05/0P>). نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که افزودن پساب تقطیری تا سطح 8 درصد به جیره­ غذایی جوجههای گوشتی تأثیر منفی بر فراسنجه­های عملکردی جوجههای گوشتی نداشت. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - آنالیز تحرک اسپرم آواسی در دو محیط در سطوح مختلف دما، pH و اسمولاریته
م. آلومار م. زرکاوی م.آ. آلزوآبیاثرات پنج سطح اسمولاریته و pH همراه با سه دمای مختلف روی پارامترهای تحرک اسپرم قوچ­های آواسی با استفاده از تحلیل­گر اسپرم مبتنی بر کامپیوتر (CASA) در محیط کشت­های تیرود آلبومین لاکتات پیرووات (TALP) و تریس زرده تخم مرغ (YET) مطالعه گردید. اسپرم حاصل از 5 قوچ Moreاثرات پنج سطح اسمولاریته و pH همراه با سه دمای مختلف روی پارامترهای تحرک اسپرم قوچ­های آواسی با استفاده از تحلیل­گر اسپرم مبتنی بر کامپیوتر (CASA) در محیط کشت­های تیرود آلبومین لاکتات پیرووات (TALP) و تریس زرده تخم مرغ (YET) مطالعه گردید. اسپرم حاصل از 5 قوچ آواسی بالغ با هم مخلوط گردیده و روی دو محیط با میلی­اسمولاریته 100، 200، 300، 400 و 500 به ازای هر کیلوگرم در دمای 4، 20 و 37 درجه سلسیوس و نیز در سطح pH 5، 6، 7، 8 و 9 در دماهای یکسان رقیق گردیدند. اسمولاریته، pH و دما اثر معنی­داری (05/0>P) روی درصد تحرک (MOT %) و درصد اسپرم با حرکت پیش­رونده (PMOT %) داشتند. غیر از ناهنجاری سر جانبی، همه پارامترهای دیگر تحرک CASA نیز به طور معنی­داری تحت تأثیر قرار گرفتند (05/0>P). اسپرم انکوباسیون شده در YET قادر بود در اسمولاریته­های بین 200 تا 400 میلی­اسمول به ازای هر کیلوگرم دامنه برای MOT % مقاومت کند. شرایط بازی در 9 =pH اثر منفی بزرگتری در مقایسه با شرایط اسیدی در 5 =pH داشت. در مقایسه با 20 و 37 درجه سلسیوس، دمای 4 درجه سلسیوس تأثیر منفی بر MOT % و PMOT % داشته و این امر در محیط TALP با وضوح بیشتری دیده می­شد. به عنوان نتیجه­گیری، نتایج ما نشان داد که: 1) اثرات اسمولاریته، pH و دما بر اسپرم آواسی انکوباسیون شده در هر دو محیط TALP و YET معنیدار بود و 2) لازم است که دما برای اسپرمی که در تلقیح مصنوعی و آزمایشات باروری خارج رحمی در این دو محیط مورد استفاده قرار می­گیرند، به دقت انتخاب شوند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - Secularism in the stories of Rumi’sMathnavi
MirJalaledin Kazzazi Zohre Vafayi FardMasnavi of Rumi is the most valuable moral mystical work of Persian literature which seeks to teach the real life and show peoplethe way ofbeing happy. Although the emphasis in this book is on the ultimate perfection of human and creation resource, but in a mutual relat MoreMasnavi of Rumi is the most valuable moral mystical work of Persian literature which seeks to teach the real life and show peoplethe way ofbeing happy. Although the emphasis in this book is on the ultimate perfection of human and creation resource, but in a mutual relationship,it quests for the good life in this world. The subject of this research is that the world and its manifestationshow and from what perspective have beenrepresented in this work. For this purpose, classifying the stories that have secularism components, we investigated the concepts and segmented them on the basis of the considered measures.It also attempts to examine how and why Rumishows tendencies to the world. So doing, after explaining the concept of secularism, all lines of Rumi's Mathnavi in several important areas of the manifestations of secularism,that is,wisdom, tolerance, avoiding prejudices based on morality and notthinking of heavenly reward and avoidance of blind imitation have been investigated and those stories which have explored the idea have beenmademore prominent with the aimof clarifying Maulana’s look at the world and its manifestations. As a result, we found that Maulana validatedworld because it is the way to heaven andperfection, but contrary to the many of reaserchers, Mulana has no negative point view to the world, but he emphasizing on making use of them,directly and indirectly described in the storiescontaining four hundred bits, all areas of secularismto reach the ultimate goal of creation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - What could we learn from Shams-e Tabrizi even today?
Rahman MoshtaghmehrShams-e Tabrizi is still one of the unknown figures in the history of Iran-Islamic mysticism. A crucial part of our knowledge of him is due to Molana, who believes that he owes his poetry and mysticism and the meanings of his works to him. Nevertheless, Shams himself ha MoreShams-e Tabrizi is still one of the unknown figures in the history of Iran-Islamic mysticism. A crucial part of our knowledge of him is due to Molana, who believes that he owes his poetry and mysticism and the meanings of his works to him. Nevertheless, Shams himself has some sayings that are collected in his “Maqalat.” This paper has originated from the very “Maqalat” and his direct sayings. There has been an attempt to present his views in a slightly systematic way on important issues such as God, the unity of religions, The mission of the prophets and “Sharia’”, following, a knowledge of the self, collection of inward and outward attitudes, independence and the rejection of imitation, talent and necessary qualifications for guidance and education, politeness and generous spirit, viewing the truth from different perspective and the mirror of death to be presented formally. Shamas because of putting emphasis on the independence of thought and avoid duplication, has different personal view regarding these issues; therefore, today we could learn this type of thinking as well as his positive doctrines from Shams. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - A study on concept of Independence and Destitution in Masnaviye Manavi Love fire from Mollana's perspective N. Emami* E.Abdi Makvand** Abstract: Fire is one of the astonishing phenomenon of universe with many characteristics such as giving life, giving death , enthusuiziam, giving warm , making clear guidance movement towards lover and etc….it has always have been attracted the attention of literary men and mysticisms. Mollana has also
eshagh Toghyani hakimeh hadiindependence is one of the behaviour and evolution stages that ascetic who search the way of God, by achieving it feels a kind of independence from everything except God in his/her essence and always know him / her self to need The almighty God. destitution is also amo Moreindependence is one of the behaviour and evolution stages that ascetic who search the way of God, by achieving it feels a kind of independence from everything except God in his/her essence and always know him / her self to need The almighty God. destitution is also among the mystic stages and accounted as one of the highest degrees of behaviour and evolution. Ascetic at this stage reaches to annihilation in the way of God, and this is an extreme stage for saints and mystics. Destitution is the need a creature to God and his/her independence from everythings except God. In this article we try to define and make clear the cocept of independence and destitution and then invetigate these two issues in Masnavi of Molana. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - Mathnavi, the ocean of educational and didactic virtues
MOHAMMAD Barani RASHID GolafshaniMolana’sMathnavi is a work in which mood; artistic talent, love, and confusion are expressed within the framework of education. In this work, in addition to the Islamic-mystic concepts and meanings some article are mentioned that show the ways of human purificatio MoreMolana’sMathnavi is a work in which mood; artistic talent, love, and confusion are expressed within the framework of education. In this work, in addition to the Islamic-mystic concepts and meanings some article are mentioned that show the ways of human purification and the position of Allah caliph which the most important of them is good morality. The aim of Mollana is to teach how to arrive at human perfection. Didactic thinking of Molana makes his mystical moods quite different from others which introduce him as mystic, philosopher, and Islamic jurist. Molana with his mystical teachings teach a wayfarer that releasing from human temptations is among important mystical and moral points. Molana considers morality and mysticism as two related categories and believes that unless wayfarer obtains Allah morality he/she couldn't achieve the stages of the path of self-enlightment in Sufism and a true wayfarer unless purifies him from wrong actions he/she couldn’t attain perfection. In this article with emphasis on the analysis of Molana’s verses and analytical-descriptive method consider this important issue to remind the readers the education is the most important approaches in Molana’s work. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - Partiality in Molavi's Masnavi Based on the Theory of Ethics of Care
Mohammad Yavari Zeinab RahmanianEthics of care is a new ethical theory that has been defined based on the principles of care and responsibility, which was first proposed by Carol Gilligan in contrast to traditional ethics. In this theory, she used Laurence Kohlberg's method to the development of child MoreEthics of care is a new ethical theory that has been defined based on the principles of care and responsibility, which was first proposed by Carol Gilligan in contrast to traditional ethics. In this theory, she used Laurence Kohlberg's method to the development of children's moral judgment and based it on the three elements of partiality, bias, and emotionalism. In a way that she rejects the traditional ethics of obligation and consequentialism and considers it imperfect and patriarchal. In this article, by descriptive-analytical method and through explaining the theory of ethics of care, partiality of Molavi's principles of moral judgment in Masnavi have been studied. By contemplation on Molavi's poems and stories, it was concluded that this moral mystic, with his religious and mystical ideology rooted in Islamic teachings, has established a moral balance between reason and emotion and has brought the theory of ethics of care into his words. He has gone beyond gender and time and has referred to the most detailed moral principles such as hypocrisy, rape, absenteeism, corruption, hypocrisy, imitation and etc. and has judged the consequences of non-observance of these principles. His main audiences in this category are the political pillars of the government, scholars and jurists, poets, praisers and clowns, the general public, the misunderstood, the Sufis, the false ascetics, and the false personalities who are most frequent in the false Sufi and Zahedan classes and Maulana Criticizes hypocrisy and corruption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - Listen to the Nice Melody of the World Constituents (The Ascetic Analysis of Prayer from Molavi viewpoint)
atamohammad RadmaneshPrayeristhe foundation of religion and the nearest way to approach Allah. Saying prayers with great attention results in the achievement of treasures of secret and divine realities and consequently to the everlasting beloved. Prayer is the best and the most effective de MorePrayeristhe foundation of religion and the nearest way to approach Allah. Saying prayers with great attention results in the achievement of treasures of secret and divine realities and consequently to the everlasting beloved. Prayer is the best and the most effective device to fight against Satan and its deceits. It is the predictor of man and causes him to be relieved from the jaws of the devil of self. It renews the first servitude contract between man and his God. This percept that Prophet Mohammad has called it his “eye sight”- has such a position that saying even two units of it is superior to the entire world and its preferences and leaving it results in the destruction of religion. Molavi, who is one of the most famous eloquent Gnostic speakers, considers an external and an internal appearance for prayers that the person who says the prayers, depending on his own capabilities and the extent he understands its reality can achieve the goal of prayer and approach Allah. He considers the prayer said with love to be superior to the prayer said with asceticism, because while ascetic approaches his beloved very slowly and with his physical foot. The Gnostic man paves this way through love wings and gets closer and closer to his beloved. He considers cleaning the self from preventive thoughts and the idols of carnal desires as a necessity for passing exaltation way, and based on holy verses, he believes that not only human beings and angels, but also animals, plants, and things all praise Allah, however, one need to possess heart ears to be able to hear such a nice melody. This research has investigated the ascetic appearance of prayer in the poems of Molavi based on Masnavi and according to verses of holy Quran, and honorable traditions. Moreover, the speech of ascetic people and especially those of the followers of Molavi have been referred to. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - The aspects of teaching in humorous writing of Molavi's Mathnavi
mohammadreza SakiMolana Jalaledin Mohammad Molavi is one of the mystics and great men of this land. He has composed the precious book of Mathnavi for teaching and education of his followers. In this books sometimes we come across with the worst type of humorous writing. This way of writ MoreMolana Jalaledin Mohammad Molavi is one of the mystics and great men of this land. He has composed the precious book of Mathnavi for teaching and education of his followers. In this books sometimes we come across with the worst type of humorous writing. This way of writing caused many researchers reproach him for these expressions and claim that Molavi not to be allowed to use such a humorous writings. In this research paper, first we try to define humorous writing and irony from different researchers' perspectives and then stress that Molana only use them in teaching and education of ethical and mystical points. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - Happiness-orientation and its Didactic aspects in Ghazals of Shams
ali dehghan javad SedighiHappiness is a mental and internal phenomenon and has an active role and presence in human’s individual and social life. Therefore it has been glorified in Islamic mysticism and religion. Didactic views of happiness are considered as the most important roles of i MoreHappiness is a mental and internal phenomenon and has an active role and presence in human’s individual and social life. Therefore it has been glorified in Islamic mysticism and religion. Didactic views of happiness are considered as the most important roles of it in mysticism. Theghazals of Jalalu’d-Din Muhammad MolaviBalkhi – named as “Shams-i-TabriziGhazals”- are in a high importance and dignity according to the amount of happiness subject usage in it. This paper tries to study happiness-orientation factors and symptoms after defining happiness especially from the mystic and didactic view. The study and survey of Molana’sgazals demonstrates that he was a happiness-orientated poet and has used the features of the didactic applications of happiness to convey his mystic thoughts in a great deal. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - Application of strontium ferrite nanoparticles for electrochemical determination of hydrazine at nanomolar level
محمد علی شیخ محسنی قاسم مرندیDue to the importance of the amount of hydrazine in water samples from the environmental point of view as well as frequent usage of this matter, the concentrations of this substance were to be measured in different samples. In this study, a new and simple electrode was MoreDue to the importance of the amount of hydrazine in water samples from the environmental point of view as well as frequent usage of this matter, the concentrations of this substance were to be measured in different samples. In this study, a new and simple electrode was fabricated for measuring hydrazine. The electrode was a carbon paste electrode modified by strontium ferrite nanoparticles. The electrode showed good sensitivity and selectivity for the electroanalysis of hydrazine due to the presence of nanoparticles. Voltammetric and chronoamperometric techniques proposed a good catalytic oxidation of hydrazine at the electrode surface. The hydrazine sensor was showed two linear calibration range which covers 0.5 to 20 micromolar and 20 to 600 micromolar. The selectivity of the electrode for measuring the hydrazine was good. Also the repeatability, reproducibility, and lifetime of the electrodes were acceptable. Determination of hydrazine in aqueous samples such as tap water and well water were performed. The obtained recovery percentages showed that the ability of the electrode in determination of real samples is reliable Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - The Influence of Molavi’s Masnavi on Valadnāmeh
امیدوار مالملی Masnavi-e Valadnāmeh, composed by Soltān Valad, is about mystical truths, Quranic commentary, ethical truths, fables, kennings as well as inner states of mystics like Molānā Jalāl Al-Din, Borhan Al-Din Mohagegh, Shamse Tabrizi and Salāh Al-Din Zarkoob. Valadnām More Masnavi-e Valadnāmeh, composed by Soltān Valad, is about mystical truths, Quranic commentary, ethical truths, fables, kennings as well as inner states of mystics like Molānā Jalāl Al-Din, Borhan Al-Din Mohagegh, Shamse Tabrizi and Salāh Al-Din Zarkoob. Valadnāmeh, containing up to 10000 verses, was composed by Soltān Valad in 690 A.D. Soltān Valad was Molānā Jalāl Al-Din’s eldest son, well familiarized with his father’s ways of teaching. Therefore, studing Valadnāmeh for better understanding and interpreting of Masnavi is necessary. The influence of Masnavi on Valadnameh is examined in this article. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - Imam Ali in Molavi’s Masnavi
رقیه نیساری تبریزی There is a kind benevolence as well as affection concerning Imam Ali in Molavi’s Masnavi. The present article displays the portrait of Imam Ali through quotations from him. In his poems, especially in Masnavi, Molavi quotes from Imam Ali’s h More There is a kind benevolence as well as affection concerning Imam Ali in Molavi’s Masnavi. The present article displays the portrait of Imam Ali through quotations from him. In his poems, especially in Masnavi, Molavi quotes from Imam Ali’s hadiths and excerpts of his life story. This is not for reference purpose, but rather it is suggestive of an expression of reverence and admiration towards him. Moreover, in these poems, Molavi’s point of view and his mystical ideas can be traced. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - The Psychoanalysis of Characters and Mystical Symbols in the Story of Romiyan–o-Chiniyan of Masnavi Manavi
Parvin Golizādeh Nasrin GobānchiThe way symbols and characters- as the two important elements of a story- are presented in Masnavi Manavi, comes from Molana’s viewpoints about human. This study intends to investigate some of the mystical and hidden aspects of Masnavi Manavi based on psychologica MoreThe way symbols and characters- as the two important elements of a story- are presented in Masnavi Manavi, comes from Molana’s viewpoints about human. This study intends to investigate some of the mystical and hidden aspects of Masnavi Manavi based on psychological and mythical concepts. Therefore a number of the narrative elements of the story of Romiyan–o–Chiniyan (Romans and Chinese) are studied here regarding psychological concepts provided by psychologists like Jung, Murray, Freud and Adler. Some of these concepts are analyzed in relation to mystical and mythical elements. In this story, Yung theories about characterization, collective beliefs, and archetypes are more visible than the theories of Fraud and Adler. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - Rhyme, and in general analysis by Shams
Ahmad Karimi Gisoo SharifiThe importance of rhyme and row in Persian versified works not hidden from anyone. rhyme and row continually serve the appearance and meaning and in speech regulation is extremely useful. Among the Persian poets Molana in chant his sonnets of rhyme an MoreThe importance of rhyme and row in Persian versified works not hidden from anyone. rhyme and row continually serve the appearance and meaning and in speech regulation is extremely useful. Among the Persian poets Molana in chant his sonnets of rhyme and rows of a variety of objective methods are used. In his sonnets, rhyme and row more than for the rhythmic up and musical off is speak versified. More than ½ of his sonnets have many rows and the types of rows, the current row in the form of compound verbs are dynamic and vibrant appearance. In addition to the current row, row nominal, gregarious, statement, pronominal, adjectival, lexical has special function which beyond the literary norms and is caused by Molana’s art specific method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - Dynamic Changes of Main Rumen Microflora and Ruminal Fermentation in Sheep Supplemented with Molasses-Urea
Changqing Li Alatengdalai . Shuyuan Xue Atsushi Asano Atsushi Tajima Naoto Ishikawa -
Open Access Article
125 - The role of early maladaptive schemas, social support and perceived gender discrimination in predicting suicidal tendency in women with self-immolation experience
Maryam Shabrang Moridani Mozhgan Abbasi Abrazgah hossein abbasi masoud shakeri mohadeseh mohamadpourThe aim of the present study was to investigate the role of primary maladaptive schemas, social support and perceived gender discrimination in predicting suicidal tendency in women with self-immolation experience. This research was descriptive and correlational. The sta MoreThe aim of the present study was to investigate the role of primary maladaptive schemas, social support and perceived gender discrimination in predicting suicidal tendency in women with self-immolation experience. This research was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of this research included all married women aged 18 to 55 years with a history of self-immolation who referred to health centers in the city of Dohdasht in the second half of 2021, and 160 people were selected by purposive sampling. The research tools included Beck's Suicidal Thoughts Questionnaire (1961), Young Schema Short Form Questionnaire (1988), Zimmet et al.'s Perceived Social Support Questionnaire (1988), and Klonoff and Landrin's Gender Discrimination Events Questionnaire (1995). The data were analyzed using Piron's correlation and multiple regression simultaneously. The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between initial maladaptive schemas, perceived gender discrimination and suicidal tendencies, and a negative and significant relationship between social support and suicidal tendencies (p<0.01). Also, the results have shown that initial maladaptive schemas, social support, and perceived gender discrimination predict 0.59 suicide tendency in women with self-immolation experience. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - Description and allegory of the world from the perspective of the Holy Quran and Masnavi Ma'navi
Mohammad Hossein Sadeghi Darvishi yadollh malekiIn the transcendent school of the Holy Quran, like other schools of human thought, including the school of Molana (Rumi), there are many discussions about the world, the allegory of the world and its examples. The Holy Quran as the most complete school and also Molana ( MoreIn the transcendent school of the Holy Quran, like other schools of human thought, including the school of Molana (Rumi), there are many discussions about the world, the allegory of the world and its examples. The Holy Quran as the most complete school and also Molana (Rumi) in Masnavi Ma'navi by referring to Quranic school have dealt with this issue. This research has studied the allegories of the world from the perspective of both the Holy Quran and Masnavi simultaneously, using descriptive-analytical, statistical and technical methods, and using Quranic and literary articles along with interpretive explanations and databases. It was found that the use of allegory in theology is a basic way to explain and clarify abstract teachings in a tangible way. Moreover, this article is an answer to the question of how Molana's (Rumi's) works are compared with the Holy Quran in explaining the world and allegory of the world and how he is influenced by the Holy Quran. Studies show that the Holy Quran has praised and blamed the world in several verses. Molana has been inspired by the Qur'anic descriptions of the world in many stories and anecdotes and has presented the world in a symbolic way. The results show that the frequency of allegorical condemnations of the world in these two valuable sources is far more significant than the allegorical praises of the world, the invitation to the world and worldliness to the extent that the world and worldly blessings fade beside the blessings of the hereafter. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - Effect of potassium source and application rate on qualitative characteristics of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L. cv. Aras) under full and deficit irrigation
Mahdi Mehrandish Matin Jami Moeini Mohammad ArminTo study the effect of potassium source and application rate on qualitative characteristics of sugar beet, a field experiment was conducted at county of Jovein, Khorasan Razavi, during 2010-2011. Experiment was carried out as split factorial in a randomized complete blo MoreTo study the effect of potassium source and application rate on qualitative characteristics of sugar beet, a field experiment was conducted at county of Jovein, Khorasan Razavi, during 2010-2011. Experiment was carried out as split factorial in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Experimental factors included two irrigation regimes (full and deficit irrigation), two potassium sources (potassium sulfate and potassium chloride) and three potassium application rates (0, 50 and 100 kg K2O ha-1). Results showed that deficit irrigation increased sodium content of root by 16.8 percent compared with full irrigation. However, other qualitative characteristics of sugar beet were not influenced by irrigation treatments. Application of potassium chloride, increased root dry matter percent and decreased root nitrogen content compared with potassium sulfate. The sugar percent, white sugar percent, sugar purity and root alkalinity increased and molasses sugar percent, root potassium, sodium and nitrogen content decreased with increasing potassium application rate. The highest sugar percent (19.92), white sugar percent (17.96), sugar purity (90.70%) and root alkalinity (2.77) and also the lowest molasses sugar percent (1.82), root potassium (5.03 meq/100 g root) , sodium (1.35 meq/100 g root) and nitrogen content (2.39 meq/100 g root) were observed in 100 kg K2O ha-1 treatment. According to the results, in similar climatic conditions, the use of large amounts of potassium, particularly in the form of potassium chloride, is recommended for improving the qualitative characteristics of sugar beet under full and deficit irrigation conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - Volumetric properties of {n-butyl acetate + 1-butanol + 1,2- butanediol} at temperature between [298.15 ,303.15 and 308.15] K.
Saleh Bagheri Mahdi Rakhshi Mahdi Rezaei Sameti -
Open Access Article
129 - Molaana a saint and beyond
Hassan Jafari TabarMaybe it is not going to be possible to find a man more knowledgeable and wise than Molaana lalaledin in the past nor in future. He was blessed and he wanted to share that with us in his own brilliant uniql'~ way. his poems which have let us know that he bared being MoreMaybe it is not going to be possible to find a man more knowledgeable and wise than Molaana lalaledin in the past nor in future. He was blessed and he wanted to share that with us in his own brilliant uniql'~ way. his poems which have let us know that he bared being not only a human but a saint as well. this essay is focusing on the first thirty verses of his first book along with some of their explantion and interpretation and some possible suppositions about Molaana's own interpretation on the subject. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - The Legend of Creation in Molaana's Masnavi and the other Mystical works
Anoosha ghahari The care of God for human beings and all that he has created are the reason of our existence in the world, But, indeed do we know how we are created? What is the purpose of our existence? Or what will be the end? The fear of t More The care of God for human beings and all that he has created are the reason of our existence in the world, But, indeed do we know how we are created? What is the purpose of our existence? Or what will be the end? The fear of these questions swells in the people's mind and say and their answers are the story of their efforts to mitigate the mankind's discouraging pains. Iranian Islamic Gnosticism has faced this important question and has evaluated it from a special aspect. The story of Adam and Eve's creation have been considered in the literary works of many well-known Gnostics, like Hallaj, Ebn-Arabi, Nasafi, Ataar, Molaana, Sanaii, etc. From the early to the next centuries of Islamic civilization. This article is attentive to details of the Gnostic's prominent ideas concerning the questions about the providential creation, the story of Adam and Eve's creation, the nature of satan, and Molaana's ideas on the subject of mankind creation and satan, are of the points which are treated in this article Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - Effect of salicylic acid on yield and osmolate content of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) at drought stress condition
Mojgan Ghanbari Mohsen Farzaneh Alireza Eftekharian Jahromi Shoorangiz JavanmardiPossibility of reducing drought stress adverse effects on yield and osmolate content of radish (var. Radish cherry bell) by application a plant growth regulator, salicylic acid, was studied in Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Fars province, Iran in 2012. Experime MorePossibility of reducing drought stress adverse effects on yield and osmolate content of radish (var. Radish cherry bell) by application a plant growth regulator, salicylic acid, was studied in Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Fars province, Iran in 2012. Experiment was carried out as factorial based on a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications under a long-term drought stress condition (45 days). Radish seeds were planted in pots with sandy-clay soil and drought stress was applied after two leaf stage. Factors were drought stress at three levels of one-day (normal), three­-­days (mild stress) and five­-­days (severe stress) irrigation intervals and salicylic acid at three levels (0, 1 and 2 mM). Yeild traits including length, diameter and weight of hypocotyl (under ground eatable part) and osmolates (prolin and soluble carbohydrates) were measured. The results showed that interaction effect of drought stress and salicylic acid was significant on all the studied traits. Sever stress condition caused a considerable reduction in hypocotyl length and diameter. Foliar application of salicylic acid 2 mM caused higher osmolate rates and it reduced the adverse effect of drought stress on radish yield. Manuscript profile
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