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Open Access Article
1 - The Influence of Iranian Traditions on the Delhi Sultans Administration
Fardin Mehrabi Kalli Mohsen MassumiCultural, economic and social relationships between Iran and India were more expanded during Delhi Sultanate. So that, Iranian's influence over Delhi Sultanate territory increased to a great extent in various fields such as politics, culture, economy, and administration MoreCultural, economic and social relationships between Iran and India were more expanded during Delhi Sultanate. So that, Iranian's influence over Delhi Sultanate territory increased to a great extent in various fields such as politics, culture, economy, and administration. Turkish servants, as the founders of Delhi Sultanate, were proud of their presence of Ghaznavid and Ghori reigns and were familiar with the Persian administrative system before Delhi's declaration of independence. Persian bureaucrats emigrated from Iran and Transoxania to Delhi and involved in official and administrative duties. As a result, during Delhi Sultanate, administrative system was significantly affected by Persian and Islamic traditions which then mixed with the native and local customs and traditions of India. This article deals with the influence of Iranian bureaucracy on administrative system of Delhi Sultanate. Keywords: Administration, Sultans of Delhi, Persian traditions, India. References ʿAbdallāh, Tarīkh-i Dāwūdī, Revised by Shaykh Abd al- Rashīd, Aligarh Muslim University, 1954/ 1333. Abdul Walikhan, Gold And Silver Coins Of Sultans Of Delhi, The Andhra Pradesh State Museum, Hyderabad, The Government of Andhra Pradesh, 1974. ʿAfīf, Shams Sirādj, Tarīkh-i Fīrūz Shāhī, Revised by Wilāyat Husayn, Tehran, Intishārāt-i Asāṭīr, 2006/ 1385. Anwar al- Rifāī, Muḥammad, Tashkīlāt-i Islāmī, trans. Seyyed Jamal Mousavi, Mashhad, Behnashr, 2014/ 1393. Badāyūnī, Abd al- Ḳādir, Muntakhab al- tawārīkh, Revised by Mawlawī Aḥmad Alī Ṣāhib, Tehran, Society for the Appreciation of Cultural Works and Dignitaries, 2001/ 1380. Baranī, Ḍiyā al- Dīn, Tarīkh-i Fīrūzshāhī, Revised by Mawlawī Sayyid Aḥmad Khān, Kolkata, , Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1862/ 1240. Ibid, Fatāwāī-yi Djahāndārī, Revised by Afsar Salim Khan, Lahore, Iran Pakistan Institute Of Persian Studies, 1972/ 1350. Bayhaḳī, Abū al- Faḍl Muḥammad b. Ḥusayn, Tarīkh-i Bayhaḳī, Tehran, Intishārāt-i Mahtāb, 1995/ 1374. Bosworth, Clifford Edmund, Tarīkh-i Ghaznawiyān (The Ghaznavids), trans. Hassan Anushah, Vol. 1, Tehran, Amīr Kabīr 2536. Burhān, Muḥammad Husayn b. Khalaf Tabrīzī, Burhān-i Ḳāṭi, Tehran, Amīr Kabīr, 1997/ 1376. Chrisensen, Arthur, Iran dar zamān-i Sāsāniyyān (L'Iran sous les sassanides), trans. Rashid Yasami, Tehran, Mūassisa-yi Intishārāt-i Āgāh, 2005/ 1384. Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar, Lughat- nāma-yi Dihkhudā, Mohammad Moin & Seyyed Jafar Shahidi(as supervisor), Tehran, University of Tehran Press, 1998/ 1377. Dihlawī, Amīr Khusraw, Khazāin al- Futūḥ (Tarīkh-i Alāī), Revised by Muhammad Vahid Mirza, Kolkata, Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1976/ 1354. Ibid,Ḳirān al- Sadayn, (Unw.), (Und.). Ibid, Mafātiḥ al- Futūḥ, Revised by Shaykh Abd al- Rashīd, Aligarh, 1954/ 1333. Djāḥiẓ, Abū Uthmān Amr b. Baḥr, Tādj Ayin kishwar- dārī dar Iran wa Islām, Tehran, Āshiyāna-yi Kitāb, 2007/ 1386. Djūrdjānī, Minhādj al- Sirādj, Ṭabaḳāt-i Nāṣirī, Revised by Abd al- Ḥayy Ḥabībī, Tehran, Asāṭīr, 2007/ 1386. Ershad, Farhang, Muhādjirat-i tarīkhī-yi Iraniyyān ba Hind(India), Tehran, Institute for humanities and cultural studies, 2000/ 1379. Fakhr-i Mudabbir, Muḥammad b. Manṣūr b. Saīd( Mubārakshāh), Ādāb al- ḥarb wa l- shadja, Revised by Aḥmad Suhaylī Khwānsārī, Tehran, Iḳbāl, 1967/ 1346. Ibid, Āyin-i Kishwar- dārī: Shish bāb-i bāz-yāfta az Ādāb al- ḥarb wa l- shadja, Revised by Muhammad Sarvar Molayi, Tehran, Intishārāt-i Bunyād-i Farhang-i Iran, 1975/ 1354. Hakki Uzun carslil, Ismail, “Tashkīlat-i Impirātūrī-yi Saldjūḳiyyān 2”, trans. Muhammad Reza Nasiri, Madjalla- nāma-yi Andjuman, Fall 2002/ 1381, No.8, pp.65-48. Hakki Uzun carslil, Ismail, “Tashkīlat-i Impirātūrī-yi Saldjūḳiyyān 3”, trans. Muhammad Reza Nassiri, Madjalla- nāma-yi Andjuman, Winter 2002- 2003/ 1381, No. 8, pp. 63-52. Ḥasan Niẓāmī, Tādj al- Dīn, Tadj al- maāthir, Revised by Seyyed Amir Hassan Abedi, New Delhi, Islamic Culture & Relations Organization- Cultural Center Of The I.R. Iran- New Delhi, 1999/ 1378. Hindūshāh Astarābādī, Muḥammad Ḳāsim(Firishta), Tarīkh-i Firishta, Revised by Muhammad Reza Nasiri, Tehran, Society for the Appreciation of Cultural works and Dignitaries, 2008/ 1387. Ibn Baṭṭūṭa, Safar-nāma-yi Ibn Baṭṭūṭa, trans. Muhammad Ali Movahed, Tehran, Āgāh, 1997/ 1376. Ibn Faḍlallāh Umarī, Shihab al- Dīn Aḥmad b. Yaḥyā, Masālik al- abṣār fī mamālik al- amṣār, al- Madjmal- Thaḳāfī, 2002 AD/ 1423 AH. ʿIṣāmī, Abd al- Malik, Futūḥ al- Salāṭīn, ed. A. S. Usha, Madras, 1948/ 1327. Ḳalḳashandī, Aḥmad b. Abdallāh Ṣubḥ al- asha fī ṣināat al- inshā,Revised by Muḥammad Husayn Shams al- Dīn, Cairo, Dārā al- kutub al- Ilmiyya, (Und.). Khalatbari, Allahyar, Sharifi, Mahboubeh, Tarīkh-i Khwārazmshahiyyān, Tehran, Samt, 2001/ 1380. Khwāndmīr, Ghiyāth al- Dīn, Ḥabīb al- siyar fī akhbār-i afrād al- bashar, Tehran,Intishārāt-i Kitāb-khāna-yi Khayyām, 1954/ 1333. Khosrobeagi, Hooshang, Sāzmān-i Idārī-yi Khwārazmshahiyyān, Tehran, Academy of Persian Language and Literature, 2009/ 1388. Lane- Poole, Stanley, Cataloge Of Indian Coins In the British Museum The Sultans Of Delhi, London, Order of the Trustees, 1884. Maḥmūd, Arafa Maḥmūd, “al- Naẓm al- Siyāsiyya wa al- Idjtimāiyya bil- Hind (India) fī ahd-i banī tughlugh, Annals of the Arts & Social Sciences (Kuwait University), Vol. 18, No. 1418, 1998 AD/ 1418 AH. Mahrū, Inshā-i Mahrū, Shaykh Abd al- Rashīd (ed.), Revised by Bashīr Husayn, Intishārāt-i Idāra-yi Taḥḳīḳāt-i Pakistan, 1965/ 1344. Marwarrūdhī, Tarīkh Fakhr al- Dīn Mubārakshah Marwarrūdhī andar aḥwal-i Hind( India), Revised by Edward Denison, London, 1927/ 1305. Masoumi, Mohsen, Farhang wa Tamaddun-i Iranī- Islāmī Dakan dar Dawra-yi Bahmaniyyān, Tehran, Elmifarhangi, 2010/ 1389. Mir Ahmadi, Maryam, Niẓām-i ḥukūmat-i Iran dar dawrān-i Islāmī؛ Pazhūhishī dar tashkīlāt-i idārī-yi Kishwarī wa lashkarī-yi Iran az ṣadr-i Islām tā aṣr-i Mughūl, Tehran, Mūassisa-yi Muṭaliāt-i Farhangī, 1989/ 1368. Mujeeb.m. The Indian Muslims, London, 1969. Mushtāḳī, Shaykh Rizḳallāh, Waḳiāt-i Mushtāḳī, Revised by Ḥusayn Ṣiddīḳī & Waḳār al- Ḥasan Ṣiddīḳī, New Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Raza Library, 2002 AD/ 1422 AH. Niẓām al- Dīn Aḥmad Harawī, Ṭabaḳāt-i Akbarī, Revised by B. D. E, Kolkata, Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1927/ 1305. Niẓām al- Mulk, Ḥasan b. Alī, Siyar al- Mulūk ( Siyāsat- nāma), Revised by Hubert Darke, Tehran, Elmifarhangi, 2010/ 1389. Pezeshk, Manouchehr,“Parda dārī”,Dāirat al- Maārif-i Buzurg-i Islāmī, Vol.13, Kazem Mousavi Bojnourdi(as supervisor), Tehran, Center For The Great Islamic Encyclopedia, 2004/ 1383, pp.598- 594. Qureshi, I.H., The Administration of The Sultanate of Delhi, Karachi, 1958. Sirhindī, Yaḥyā b. Aḥmad b. Abdallāh, Tarīkh-i Mubārakshāhī, Revised by Muhammad Hedayat Hossein, Tehran, Intishārāt-i Asāṭīr, 2003/ 1382. Thomas, Edward, On The Coins Of The Patan Sultans Of Hindustan, London, J. Wertheimer And Co. Finsbury Circus, 1847. Yādigār, Aḥmad, Tarīkh-i Shāhī (Tarīkh-i Salāṭīn- Afghāna), Revised by Muhammad Hedayat Hossien, Kolkata, 1939 AD/ 1358 AH. Yasin, M.A, A Social History of Islamic India, 2nd, ed, New Delhi, 1974. Zaydan, Jurji, Tarīkh Tamaddun-i Islām, trans. Ali Javaherkalam, Tehran, Amīr Kabīr, 1993/ 1372. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - The Elephant in the Delhi Sultans Era, Its Significance and Functions
فردین محرابی کالی محسن معصومیIndia is one of the most important territories for the nurture of elephants in the world. This huge animal, has always had a significant role in the lives of both, the people and the rulers of India. Muslim at their arriving in India realized that using the animals is o MoreIndia is one of the most important territories for the nurture of elephants in the world. This huge animal, has always had a significant role in the lives of both, the people and the rulers of India. Muslim at their arriving in India realized that using the animals is one of the ways to achieve victory in political and military conflicts. One of the Muslim dynasties that followed the local Indian rulers to use elephants for military and political objectives, were the Sultans of Delhi(602-932A.H.). Elephant was considered as the symbol of royal power and glory. Having a large number of elephants in a battle proved the victory over the enemy. To show their greatness and political power and in order to utilize elephants astonishing power in battles, Sultans of Delhi paid attention to buy, nurture and employ this animal. This paper, studied the role of the elephants in the military achievements by Sultans of Delhi. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Relations between Delhi Sultans and Abbasid Caliphs
محسن معصومی سعید شیرازیAs the most of Muslim sultans, Delhi sultans had been loyal to the Abbasid caliphate for being legitimate. Symbolic acts such as minting caliphs name on the coins and bringing caliphs name in the sermon by most Delhi sultans that their official religion was Hanafi revea MoreAs the most of Muslim sultans, Delhi sultans had been loyal to the Abbasid caliphate for being legitimate. Symbolic acts such as minting caliphs name on the coins and bringing caliphs name in the sermon by most Delhi sultans that their official religion was Hanafi reveals the fact that they theoretically were faithful to the caliphate system. Some of these sultans according to the political conditions in their time and to excel upon their rivals and attract support the Indian subcontinents Muslims that were mostly Hanafi or Shafei, established relation with the Abbasid caliphate of Baghdad and Cairo and received the permission of ruling from them. In this article ,the relationship between the sultans and Abbasid caliphs of Bagdad and Cairo and their motivations and reasons for the establishment of these relations have been studied. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Proof of factorization of χcJdocumentclass[12pt]{minimal} usepackage{amsmath} usepackage{wasysym} usepackage{amsfonts} usepackage{amssymb} usepackage{amsbsy} usepackage{mathrsfs} usepackage{upgreek} setlength{oddsidemargin}{-69pt} egin{document}$$chi _{ ext{cJ}}$$end{document} production in non-equilibrium QCD at RHIC and LHC in color singlet mechanism
Gouranga C Nayak -
Open Access Article
5 - The Role of Milk Collecting Centers in Socio-Economic Situation of Dairy Animal Keepers
S. M. Mirdamadi S. Farzaneh R. Moghadassi P. Alimoradian -
Open Access Article
6 - The potential of compost-based organic nano-adsorbent (Compost/Fe3O4NPs) for contaminated soil remediation
laleh Ghafghazi Lobat Taghavi Behnam Rasekh Hadi Farahani Amir hesam HassaniOne of the most important emerging pollutants in human health, food safety, and environmental protection challenges is phthalate esters. Among these, the contamination of agricultural soils with the endocrine-disrupting chemical Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) has be MoreOne of the most important emerging pollutants in human health, food safety, and environmental protection challenges is phthalate esters. Among these, the contamination of agricultural soils with the endocrine-disrupting chemical Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) has been confirmed globally. In this research, the DEHP-absorption potential of compost enriched with Fe3O4 NPs was identified. The effects of the sorbent dose in the range of 2–5 g.L-1, 3–11 pH, and DEHP concentration at 5–10 mg.L-1 on absorption efficiency (%) were optimized via response surface methodology in design expert software. The kinetic equilibrium experiment results showed a two-step process, requiring 6 hours of equilibrium time for the exothermic adsorption process at 25ºC. The adsorption process of DEHP fitted best to the pseudo-second-order kinetic (R2 = 0.9932) and the linear form of the Freundlich isotherm models. In the central composite design, the significant quadratic model was validated and used to predict the interaction of variables (P-value <0.0001, adjusted R2 = 0.9753). The optimum conditions of absorption efficiency (74.173%) were obtained at a sorbent dosage of 4.157 g.L-1, pH 5.85, and a DEHP concentration of 4.88 mg.L-1 with a desirability of 0.987. The comparison of FTIR absorption spectra confirmed the active participation of O-H bands (functional groups of phenol, alcohol, and carboxyl) and primary amine (N-H) in the DEHP absorption through interaction with the oxygen atom of the phthalate ester group (C=O). As a result of its successful and acceptable efficiency, using compost/Fe3O4 NP absorbent based on organic wastes is a low-cost and eco-friendly technique for DEHP removal from sensitive ecosystems and also to improve the efficiency of bioremediation in agricultural soils amended by compost. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Explanation and Prediction of Earthquake: The Necessity of Simultaneous Application of Nomothetic and Idiographic Approaches
Mirhamid Hashemi Lashenlo Arash MousaviExplaining and predicting earthquakes has always been a human issue throughout history. Despite advances in seismology, the science has not yet been successful in efficiently predicting earthquakes, that is, in short time and space scales. Tectonic plate theory, as a su MoreExplaining and predicting earthquakes has always been a human issue throughout history. Despite advances in seismology, the science has not yet been successful in efficiently predicting earthquakes, that is, in short time and space scales. Tectonic plate theory, as a successful theory for explaining earthquakes in a “general” form, is compatible with both explanatory approaches in the philosophy of science, that is, argumentative and causal. However, to predict earthquakes efficiently and locally, we seem to need a different approach to this science. Wilhelm Windelband has made the distinction between the nomothetic sciences and idiographic sciences. This distinction has inspired empirical sciences such as medicine and psychology. In this paper, we show that in seismology, like medicine and psychology, to achieve effective forecasting, these two approaches can be used simultaneously, and we suggest, based on ethical interests and that seismology is a science that deals with the lives of millions of people. In addition to the nomothetic approach, it is necessary for experts in this field to use an idiographic approach so that they can predict the desired earthquake in a short time and place. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Impacts of climate change adaptation strategies on smallholder farmers food security
saeede sadat ebrahimi farhad lashgarara seyed mahdi mirdamadi maryam omidi najaf abadiThus, this study was done to investigate the impacts of climate change adaptation strategies on smallholder household food security among horticultural crop farmers. 456 farmers were selected through stratified random sampling. A questionnaire was utilized for data coll MoreThus, this study was done to investigate the impacts of climate change adaptation strategies on smallholder household food security among horticultural crop farmers. 456 farmers were selected through stratified random sampling. A questionnaire was utilized for data collection consisting of four sections. Data were analyzed with structural equation modeling using Smart-PLS 3.0. 89 percent of households were anxious and uncertain about food supply, 76 percent were households with insufficient food quality, and 71 percent did experience the inadequate quantity of food intake and its physical consequences. Also, farming and non-farming strategies had a positive and significant impact on the role of farmers in adapting to climate change, while infrastructure and support strategies had a significant impact on the role of government and rural institutions in adapting to climate change. In addition, the effect of the role of farmers and the role of government and rural institutions in improving the dimensions of food security was positive and significant, but only in relation to the role of farmers on food consumption was not observed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Diagnosis and detection of Mycoplasma Synoviae from commercial poultry flocks using polymeras chain reaction (PCR) based on amplification of VlhA gene
معصومه مقامی سیدعلی پوربخش علیرضا همایونی مهر حمیدرضا مهاجرانی عباس اشتری محمدعلی بیات زادهMycoplasma Synoviae is a major avian pathogen and cases many economic losses on poultryindustry in Iran, Mycoplasma Synoviae synthesizes Variable lipoprotein heamagglutinin(VlhA),is believed to play a major in pathogenesis of the disease. The objective of the present st MoreMycoplasma Synoviae is a major avian pathogen and cases many economic losses on poultryindustry in Iran, Mycoplasma Synoviae synthesizes Variable lipoprotein heamagglutinin(VlhA),is believed to play a major in pathogenesis of the disease. The objective of the present study wasto diagnosis and detection of Mycoplasma Synoviae isolates based on the vlhA gene.This studywas designed to detect MS through culture isolation and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assayto demonstrated the involvement of MS infection in trachea and the lung/air sac samples takenfrom commercial poultry flocks of provinces: Tehran, Qazvin and Markazi with clinical signsof the disease. Moreover the specific primers to the Mycoplasma genuse from the primescomplementary to the single-copy conserved 5´ end of vlhA gene were used for detection of MSby vlhA-PCR. PCR results, in addition to identification of Mycoplasma specie, revealedvariable sizes of 350-400bp for each isolates. Of the 43 swabs 28(65%) yielded one of thepotentially pathogenic Mycoplasmas evaluated for using PPLO agar culture diagnostic method,and 33(76%) yielded one of the potentially pathogenic Mycoplasmas evaluated for Mycoplasmagenuse PCR as diagnostic metod and 24(55%) swabs yielded Mycoplasma Synoviae for usingvlhA PCR as diagnostic metod. The results of this study demonstrated that PCR based onamplification of conserved 5́ end of vlhA gene is an efficient tool for detection of MycoplasmaSynoviae isolates, as well as due to contain of RI, RII and RIII regions its can with top sensitiveand operative, be used for to diagnosis and detection of Mycoplasma Synoviae isolates. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - The effect Vitex Agnus-Castus on serum concentration of cortisol, progesterone and luteinizing hormone in dairy cows
Farhoodi Moghadam, M., Khalafi, S.M.A. .In this study a 50 ml hydroalcoholic extract of the plant, Vitex-agnus prescribed to cyclic Holstein cows orally, and its effects on serum Cortisol, Progesterone and Luteinizing hormone concentrations were assessed. Cows divided into control (n=7) and treatment (n=7) gr MoreIn this study a 50 ml hydroalcoholic extract of the plant, Vitex-agnus prescribed to cyclic Holstein cows orally, and its effects on serum Cortisol, Progesterone and Luteinizing hormone concentrations were assessed. Cows divided into control (n=7) and treatment (n=7) groups. After 21 days’ prescription of the extract in treatment group, both groups synchronized by two intra muscular injection of PGF2α in 11 days apart. Prescription of herbal extract of Vitex agnus-castus in the treatment group continued till to end of synchronized cycle. During this estrous cycle blood samples collected and ovaries and uterus of cows were examined ultrasonographically. After 53 days’ treatment, progesterone, LH and cortisol concentrations of serums that were taken in days, 5, 9, 13 and 18 of estrous cycle measured by ELISA kit. Statistical analyses were done by SPSS. An analysis of repeated measures with 95% Confidence Interval was carried out by (GLM) procedure for times (days) trends measures. An independent t test was done for comparison of the data. The data of treatment group before and after treatment was analysed by paired t test. Results showed that Vitex-agnus increases serum progesterone concentration versus before treatment and control group (P>0.05). The cortisol concentration after treatment decreased but it was not significant. The LH concentration in treatment group only in days 13 increased (not significantly). These results show that the herbal extract probably, have positive effects on progesterone, LH blood concentration increase and cortisol blood concentration decrease in Holstein cows. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Evaluation of Antibacterial Effects of Yarrow Hydroalcoholic Extract on Salmonella with Aminoglycoside Resistance Gene Isolated from Dogs with diarrhea
ابوالفضل Solyemani asl مریم Karimi-DehkordiSalmonella is one of the leading causes of foodborne illness and serious health concerns worldwide. The high Prevalence of Salmonella is one of the problems in the livestock industry. Due to the prevalence of resistance to antibiotics, in this study we evaluated the an MoreSalmonella is one of the leading causes of foodborne illness and serious health concerns worldwide. The high Prevalence of Salmonella is one of the problems in the livestock industry. Due to the prevalence of resistance to antibiotics, in this study we evaluated the antibacterial effects of Yarrow hydroalcoholic extract on Salmonella with antibiotic resistance gene isolated from diarrhea dogs. For this purpose, fecal samples of 83 dogs with diarrhea were immediately cultured by swap in differential media. After confirmation of Salmonella isolates in both molecular and microbial methods, the presence of aminoglycoside resistance genes (aac (3) -IIa and aac (3) -Ia) was investigated. The antibacterial effect of yarrow extract and MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) was investigated. Finally, the results were analyzed in SPSS 20 software. The results of the present study showed that the prevalence of Salmonella bacteria in the fecal sample of diarrhea dogs was 8.5%.In the MIC study among the measured groups, the lowest inhibitory concentration in mg/ml for strains with aac (3) -Ia, aac (3) -IIa, aac (3) -Ia + aac (3) -IIa and isolates without resistance genes were 78.2±66.3, 46.9±22.1, 62.5 and 93.8±44.2, respectively. No significant differences were observed between these groups (p>0.05). Due to the fact that yarrow has different compounds that can have a strong effect on the inhibition of various microorganisms. Therefore, choosing the right treatment strategies such as the use of medicinal plants like yarrow can play an effective role in reducing the prevalence and epidemic of bacterial diseases. Manuscript profile -
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12 - Ecotourism Valuation Rural Tourism Target of Malhamdare Village in Asadabad County of Hamedan Province
Habib ShahbaziEconomic valuation of environmental resources is allocated the great part of environmental economic studies. Environmental economist believed that economic valuation is necessary for environmental and services of non-market resources and denying of it will have results MoreEconomic valuation of environmental resources is allocated the great part of environmental economic studies. Environmental economist believed that economic valuation is necessary for environmental and services of non-market resources and denying of it will have results as regret in long run. When environmental functions tied to historical and rural heritage, results of non-valuation will have more prominents. The purpose of this study is determining the recreational value of Malhamdare village services (environmental and historical) in Asadabad County (Hamedan Province). So, for this, individual travel cost method is used in household production function framework for years of 2015. The results show that the time, distance and costs of travel are effective factors on production recreation and recreation marginal cost, with the assumption of competitive conditions, is equivalent to 1397650.2 Rials per days which is shadow price of recreation. Also demand for recreation has negative relationship with the shadow price of recreation and has a positive relationship with income. On the other hand, visitor’s willingness to pay has a significant and positive relationship with quality of the environment, education level, age and marriage status of visitor. So, increasing environmental quality and preparing facilities in Malhamdare village by private sector investing will have increased environmental, recreation and ecotourism value of Malhamdare village. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Alavi's biography in the war regarding Nahj al-Balaghah and the poem of Abd al-Masih al-Antaki
Nematullah HassaniThe personality of Imam Ali (as) is so high that its description has gone beyond the scope of the Shiite religion and has made great scholars from other schools and religions to wonder and bow. Among them is Abd al-Masih Antaki, a contemporary Christian writer and poet MoreThe personality of Imam Ali (as) is so high that its description has gone beyond the scope of the Shiite religion and has made great scholars from other schools and religions to wonder and bow. Among them is Abd al-Masih Antaki, a contemporary Christian writer and poet with a poem in five thousand six hundred verses. This research investigates and reveals the biography and opinion of Imam Hammam and the views of this Christian writer in some important dimensions and examples of war and jihad, including courage, warfare, prudence, vigilance, wise peace and observance of divine principles by exploring the Nahj al-Balaghah and the poems of Abd al-Masih Antaki. According to the Qur'an, since the path of God is the path of human growth, jihad for the sake of God is to place human beings on the path of perfection and growth. Unlike other wars, which are often aimed at the material interests of certain individuals or groups, in the Alavi style or true Islam, the ultimate intention and goal in war is only the pleasure of God. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Analysis and study of untranslated stories in Alabarat
Majid Salehbek Mina Arabi Nasim ArabiManfaluti is one of Egyptian authors in 20th century who paid most attention to social and mental issues of Egypt nation. Thus perhaps it is better to introduce Manfauti as a scholar rather than literary man so that his readers have been interested in his works because MoreManfaluti is one of Egyptian authors in 20th century who paid most attention to social and mental issues of Egypt nation. Thus perhaps it is better to introduce Manfauti as a scholar rather than literary man so that his readers have been interested in his works because of their social subjects since long time ago. Some believe that Manfaluti's works contain no technical elements. Hence, they don't consider him as his contemporary co - workers. The present paper tries to evaluate some parts of his narrations in his book called Alabarat including stories such as Alyatim, Alhijab, Alhaviah and Aleghab in critical-analytic method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - The image of Imam Hussein (AS) in the court of Jamal al-Din Khaliei
Massoud Jaber Abdul Reza Atashi Sahad JaderiAbu al-Hassan Khaliei is one of the committed and obliged poets in Arabic literature, who has composed many beautiful poems in the praise of the Imams and the divine prophets; An idealistic writer who has always sought to realize the ideals of Islamic society and has in MoreAbu al-Hassan Khaliei is one of the committed and obliged poets in Arabic literature, who has composed many beautiful poems in the praise of the Imams and the divine prophets; An idealistic writer who has always sought to realize the ideals of Islamic society and has included those pure concepts in his poetry collection. His poems have outstanding features in terms of content that caused us to consider Khaliei as one of the first-grade poets in committed literature. Khaliei in his divan describes the unique personality of Imam Hussein (AS) and Karbala and the events after it. The present study investigates the examples of Hosseini's poems in the period when poets at that time expressed their sincere feelings for the Hosseini's movement. In this article, the study of Hosseini's poems in Abolhassan Khali'i Divan will be performed by descriptive-analytical method. The findings of the research show that Abul Hassan Khaliei found a safe shelter and full power in the character of Imam Hussein (AS) in order to express his sincere feelings for the Ahl al-Bayt (AS), especially Imam Hussein (AS). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Buy and Sell blood from the perspective of Jurisprudence
masoumeh motallebi سید محمد شفیعی مازندرانیBlood is one of the eleven uncleanness that was unclean in Islam, and it is honor. While in the past to no avail blood not only was not there but it was Tnfrnyz. Today, with the advancement of medical knowledge and diverse use of human blood and blood products is especi MoreBlood is one of the eleven uncleanness that was unclean in Islam, and it is honor. While in the past to no avail blood not only was not there but it was Tnfrnyz. Today, with the advancement of medical knowledge and diverse use of human blood and blood products is especially critical been a special place. No tapping of blood and blood products not treated the great wheel turns and many surgeries will be difficult. The aim of this paper is to consider the matter to be proved that the blood is beneficial Pricing Mhllh anus. Ksyrh and benefits of human life today is desperately needed and, if necessary and possible emergency use and operation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Comparative analysis of Abolhassan Mawardi's political views and Joveyni's writings in the Tarikh-i Jahangosha
pooran poodat maryam sadeghi givi Ashraf Sheibani Aqdam Abolhassan Mawardi is a fifth-century political theorist who played an important role in shaping the foundations of the Islamic State's political power. The political ideas of Muslim policymakers have also found their way into historical texts over time. In More Abolhassan Mawardi is a fifth-century political theorist who played an important role in shaping the foundations of the Islamic State's political power. The political ideas of Muslim policymakers have also found their way into historical texts over time. In this study, the authors have tried to examine in a descriptive-analytical way the similarities between the political views of Mawardi on the requirements of government and the duties of rulers in the book Al-ahkam al-soltaniyya wa al-welayat-e al-diniyya and the religious provinces in the Tarikh-i Jahangosha. Findings show that the main components of common political views in the two books "Al-Ahkam Al-Sultaniyya wa alwelayat-e al-diniyya" and "Tarikh-i Jahangosha-ye Joveyni" in six main areas of rule, duties of Imam and ruler, removal of Imam and ruler, rulers of domination, suppression of opposition, bureaucracy and nine can be checked. In the writings of both authors, the attainment of power and the permanence of government for the ruler is a matter of divine will and approval. The three main duties of the ruler are to help religion, jihad and justice.The caliph and the sultan, in obedience, have equal rights and duties, and the suppression of political enemies is interpreted as jihad, and efficient government agents and institutions increase the longevity of the state. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Ta l i g h e m a e n a v a n i a z e Taghabolhaye 2ganeh
fazel Asadi Amjad Mahdi Sepehrmanesh -
Open Access Article
19 - Synthesis of Some Nitrogen Functional Derivatives of 5-substituted-6-azauracil as Biologically Active Compounds
Hassan Kabirifard Zeinab Alimardani Natasha Ataeimehr Gisa Rezai -
Open Access Article
20 - Diastereoselective Synthesis of Stable Phosphorus Yields by a Three-Component Reaction between Ph3P and Acetylenic Esters in the Presence of Hydrazine Derivatives
Safa Ali-Asgari Seyyed Javad Hosseini Khalil Pourshamsian Mohammad Bagheri Ehsan Naghizadeh -
Open Access Article
21 - Synthesis of Nitrogen Functional Derivatives of 5-substituted-6-azauracil as one of the Four Nucleobases in the Nucleic Acid of RNA
L. Torkian E. Amereh N. Mohammadi -
Open Access Article
22 - Anthropological study of the cultural-social structure of Kalhor tribe of Kermanshah and tourist attractions of the study area
Nahid Jalilian Yaghoub Sharbatian -
Open Access Article
23 - Hadith of Isa Ibn Hisham; Borrowing from Heritage and Mutual Relationship with West
Tayebeh Seyfi Behzad HeshmatiLiterature severely needs innovation and renewal to exit from weakness and inanition mood and there must be a strong connection between renewal and literal- cultural heritage. The renewal must prepare context to create new literal genres in addition to utilizing positiv MoreLiterature severely needs innovation and renewal to exit from weakness and inanition mood and there must be a strong connection between renewal and literal- cultural heritage. The renewal must prepare context to create new literal genres in addition to utilizing positive aspects of other cultures. So, this type of renewal is positive. Hadith of Isa ibn Hisham, essay of Mohammad Al Mavilhi is considered as the most significant literary essay in the field of renaissance which is published at the end of 19th century. This renaissance essay is reasonable and could prepare ground for creating new literal genres like story and novel. It is hard to consider this book as a special literary genre because it contains properties of old Arabic literature and also western modern literature simultaneously. So, Mavilhi didn’t completely have commitment to any form of modern literature and traditional shapes of Arabic literature until this book is counted as beginning of story and novel in contemporary Arabic literature.The present paper is going to investigate this essay and its structural and content to explain aspects borrowed from heritage on the one hand and signs of renewal in this work on the other hand. Investigation of this work shows clearly that in compilation of this book, the writer was inspired by Maghamat among his own heritage as he used new western achievements, i.e. story and novel as his pattern in writing. So this book has a strong relation with Maghamat and has similarity with novel or story in some aspects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Analysis and Comparison between the Roman's Portrait in Abu Tamam's and Abu Feras Alhamedani's War Poetry
Abdolghani Iravani Zadeh Zahra Bagheri VarzanehIn Abbasi era, in addition to tribal wars, many wars have been made between Abbasian caliphs against Romans and khoramian ones and also between Hamedanian caliphs against Roman ones. For analyzing Arab wars, this article using descriptive-analyzing method considered the MoreIn Abbasi era, in addition to tribal wars, many wars have been made between Abbasian caliphs against Romans and khoramian ones and also between Hamedanian caliphs against Roman ones. For analyzing Arab wars, this article using descriptive-analyzing method considered the war poems of two famous poets of third and forth centuries who lived in similar conditions and their religion was Islam and their enemy was Rome .One of them, Abutamam Altai, participated in wars through his clear expression and his poems. The other is Abuferas Hamedani who took part in wars giving his alls. But Abutamam described wars between Muslims and the Roman in his eulogistic odes which is why he began most of these odes by lyricism or describing wreckages. He has no choice but to describe wars in the way that the praised and admired. Anyway, he could revive the remembrance of commanders like Abu said Alsaqari who had been forgotten in history. But Abu Feras described wars in his eulogistic bragging odes directly without lyricism and redundancy. So the poems of both poets including reality not imagination are considered important documents for history. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous extract of Achillea wilhelmsii
N. Baladi G.R. Zarei V. Zeighamian -
Open Access Article
26 - The examination and Enlightenment of the Lone tree by Abdolhossein Zarrinkoob from human feeling a point of view
mohammad reza shabani Abdol Hossein FarzadOne of Zarrinkoob’s stories, May he be remembered, is The Lone Tree which was first published in Yaghma in 1347. The Lone Tree is a philosophic story in nature written in a beautiful, simple, fluent prose. In this article, while examining the important parts of th MoreOne of Zarrinkoob’s stories, May he be remembered, is The Lone Tree which was first published in Yaghma in 1347. The Lone Tree is a philosophic story in nature written in a beautiful, simple, fluent prose. In this article, while examining the important parts of the story, well find out The Lone Tree is the allegorical character for the writer of the story. The Lone Tree is a solitary being who has with stoop wind ever since it can recall, and after some words it has with the old tree and the wild rock, it realizes that the secret of life and the truth of existence resistance, perseverance, and eventually entering independence area and approaching gods realm; he finds out about all these as the gradual perfection of his thoughts and philosophy takes place, and finally The Lone Tree gets to such an area. و او این مسائل را با تکامل تدریجی فکری و فلسفی در مییابد و فرجام کار تکدرخت رسیدن به چنین عرصهای است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - A new pyrrolidinyl-piperazine alkaloid derivative from Oxyanthus speciosus DC. (Rubiaceae)
Judith Caroline Ngo Nyobe Désiré Mama Bikélé Matiedjie Becky Fodouop Emmanuel Mpondo Mpondo Jean Claude Ndom -
Open Access Article
28 - The organic extracts from the leaves of Ficus thonningii Blume, Jatropha tanjorensis J.L Ellis and Saroja and Justicia carnea Lindley as potential nutraceutical antioxidants and functional foods
Kingsley Ijoma Vincent Ishmael Ajiwe Stanley Odinma -
Open Access Article
29 - Assessing the impact of urban expansion and land cover changes on land surface temperature in Shahrekord city
Ataollah Ebrahimi Elham Kiani SalmiUrban expansion and land use changes have a significant impact on land surface temperature (LST). According to the fact that the development of urban is currently one of the most important phenomena in global warming, it is possible to study and measure the temperature MoreUrban expansion and land use changes have a significant impact on land surface temperature (LST). According to the fact that the development of urban is currently one of the most important phenomena in global warming, it is possible to study and measure the temperature of the Earth's surface in urban areas in the shortest possible time with the rapid development of satellite technology. The purpose of this study was to investigate urban expansion and urban heat island (UHI) using remotely sensed data in Shahrekord city. In this study, Ratio vegetation index (RVI) and Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and LST were calculated using multi-spectral and thermal bands of Landsat 7 and 8 satellite images. Land use map was extracted using the maximum-likelihood algorithm in TerrSet software. The overall kappa index was estimated at 0.82 and 0.93 for 2003 and 2016, respectively. By comparing two vegetation indexes (RVI and NDVI) and surface temperature during the 13 years (2003 to 2016), it was determined that with urban development, the surface temperature has increased to 2.210C (from 40.69 to 42.90 0C). The results showed that the correlation of NDVI index with the surface temperature map was negative but with positive RVI index. Moreover, these two vegetation indexes, RVI and NDVI, show a more significant relationship with LST in green areas than urban and bare lands. Due to, a significant effect of green areas on regulating LST we recommend that green areas should be expanded in accordance with the urban area expansion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - The effects Of hydro-alcoholic extract Of olive seed on the levels Of the gonadotropines and ovarian steroids in immature female rat
Mokhtar Mokhtari Alireza GhanadiInroductionand Objective: Given the side effects of fertility drugs and other therapies,the researchers have embarked on investigating the effects of medicinal plants on reproductive processes.This study seeks to investigate the effects of hydro-alcoholic extract of oli MoreInroductionand Objective: Given the side effects of fertility drugs and other therapies,the researchers have embarked on investigating the effects of medicinal plants on reproductive processes.This study seeks to investigate the effects of hydro-alcoholic extract of olive seed on the levels of LH,FSH,estrogen and progesterone in immature female ratMaterials and Methods:The study is of experimental type carried out under laboratory conditions.In doing so,40 immature female Wistar rats,with weight difference of less than10%and age range of4-5weeks were entered into the study.The rats were divided into groups of ten as follows:control consisting of 10rats receiving nothing during the trial period of28day.sham group consisting of10rats which received 1 ml distilled water as drug solvent for 28 days,As for the experimental groups,there were 2 groups of 10 treated as follows:Experimental group consisting of two subgroups of ten receiving orally varying amounts of olive seed extract,250mg/kg and 500mg/kg for a period of 28 days.Blood sampling was performed on all the rats at the end of 28 days from ventricular region of their hearts and levels ofLH,FSH, estrogen,progesterone were measured using RIA method (technique).The obtained data were statistically analyzed by one way Anova and Tukey’s post hoc test.The level of significance was set at pResults: Statistically,a significant increase in LH hormone serum concentration was in the experimental groups receiving varying amounts of hydro alcoholic extract of olive seed after 28,compared to that in the control and sham groups.FSH serum concentration increased significantly in the experimental group receiving 500mg/kg of the extract,after28 days.As for estrogen concentration, the respective level rose significantly in the experimental group receiving 500 mg/kg after 28 days .Also, a significant increase in progesterone level was observed in the experimental group with 500mg/kg extract treatment after 28 daysConclusion:Taking into account the present study findings, we can conclude that hydro-alcoholic extract of olive seed can enhance the ovarian pituitary hormone axis activities, i.e, increase in the levels of the hormones LH, FSH,estrogen,Progesterone in immature female rats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - مقایسه ی تأثیر تزریق سه مرحله ای عصاره غده هیپوفیز و هورمون LHRHa2با تزریق دو مرحله ای عصاره هیپوفیز بربرخی شاخص های بافتی، تولید مثلی واستروئیدهای جنسی مولدین نر و ماده شیربت Arabibarbus grypus
حدیده معبودی نرگس جوادزاده علی سواری محمد تقی آژیر -
Open Access Article
32 - The Study Of the Effects Of Dexamethasone during Pregnancy on development and Function Of Ovary Tissue Of adult in Offspring Of First Lineage Rats
مریم مشفقی سید ابراهیم حسینی اکبر وحدتی زینب مشفقیIntroduction and Objective: Dexamethasone is a synthetic glucocorticoid that is used in medical sciences for treating many disorders suchovulation. Therefore, the present study investigates, the effect of prescribe of dexamethasone during pregnancy on function of pi MoreIntroduction and Objective: Dexamethasone is a synthetic glucocorticoid that is used in medical sciences for treating many disorders suchovulation. Therefore, the present study investigates, the effect of prescribe of dexamethasone during pregnancy on function of pituitary-gonadal axis and number of ovary follicles of offspring of female rats.Materials and Methods: In this study, the researcher selected 40 pregnant rats that divided into control groups, sham group, and 3 experimental groups receiving 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/kg doses of dexamethasone, administered from the eighth day until the end of pregnancy QOD. After delivery, niether infants nor mothers received not no treatment. After puberty of female one, heart sampling was done and their ovary was separated and tissue section was taken, then plasma rate of strogen, progestron, FSH, LH and the number of ovary follicle were measured. Results were analysed with the SPSS software (V. 20) and ANOVA and Duncan test. (p≤0.05).Results: Results of statistical analysisshowed that dose dependent dexamethson causes decreases estrogen, LH and increases progesterone, FSH and decreases the number of ovary follicle.Conclusion: Dexamethasone via inhibition of LH secretion and impairment of fetal ovarian development causes stable reproductive disorders in female rats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Effect of Ethanol and Hexane Extract of Tribulus terrestris on Quality of Sperm and Histology of Male's Rats
Bita Behbodian Majid PoursoltaniInroduction & Objective: Infertility is a serious problem. About 10% of males are estimated facing the problem of fertility. Rapid growth and development of sciences within the pharmaceutical span and focus and rely on production of herbal medicines and the production o MoreInroduction & Objective: Infertility is a serious problem. About 10% of males are estimated facing the problem of fertility. Rapid growth and development of sciences within the pharmaceutical span and focus and rely on production of herbal medicines and the production of plant-based infertility drugs is growingToday, a lot of research regarding infertility and the effects of herbs on it and finding the best method for plant extraction takes place.Plant is the main source in discovery of novel medicine. Nearly 40% of modern medicines are originated from plants.Tribulusterrestris is also an important herb that used for infertility. Water extract of T.terrestris contains steroidal saponins and protodioscin that increased sexualhormones and testosterone. Water extract of T.terrestris increased sexual desire and weight of prostate. Material and Methods: In the present study, 80% hexane and ethanol extracts of Tribulusterrestris prepared and force feed to two groups of mice. Each group was consist of 4subgroups with 8 mice and extract with doses of 5, 10 and 20 mg per body weight was applied on them. After 45 days of treatment the mice were anesthetized and killed.Results: The present study showed that in comparison between ethanol and hexane extract of fruit ofT. terrestis, in dosages 5, 10, 20 mg per weight of body, hexane extract, increased sperm count, but didn’t show any significant effecton control group. Instead,ethanol extract of fruit of T. terrestis not only increased sexualhormones as LH and testosterone but also increased spermatogenesis in lumen of seminiferous and changed histological of testis.This extract didn’t changethe weight of testis and epididymis.Conclusion:According to the results, ethanol extraction of aloe vera as an antioxidant compound is able to reduce the levels of cardiovascular damage in mice treated with titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - The Effect of Sertraline on Pituitary–Testis Hormones and Spermatogenesis in Rat
لاله پاشا مختار مختاری سعید خاتم ساز مهرداد شریعتیv:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} o:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} w:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} .shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);} >1024x768Normal0falsefalsefalseEN-USX-NONEAR-SA /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal Morev:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} o:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} w:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} .shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);} >1024x768Normal0falsefalsefalseEN-USX-NONEAR-SA /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} >Inroduction & Objective:Sertraline is one of the most widely used antidepressant drug;however ,it has some side effect on different parts of body like endocrine axis.the research have studied the effect of sertraline on the concentration of LH, FSH,Testosterone and Dihydrotetosterone and testicular tissue changes.Material and Methods:In This experimental study 40 adult male rats of wistar were divided in to 4 groups of ten: The control group received normal diet,shame group took group received normal saline as a solvent and experimental groups, received 10, 50 mg per kg body weight serteraline. At the end of 21th days, blood samples and levels of FSH, LH, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone were measured. also preparation of tissue sections of testis tissue. The collected data were analyzed by the SPSS software using ANOVA and t-test.Results: The levels of LH, FSH, Testosterone ,and Dihydrotestosterone in the experimental groups receiving 50, 10 mg/kg Sertraline was significantly decrease compared to the control and sham groups(PConclusion: Sertraline causes male sexual imblances by changing in LH,FSH,testosterone and dihydrotestosterone hormone concentration. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Biology of Bruchidius fulvus (Col.: Chrysomelidae) biological control agent of camelthorn weed (Alhagi camelorum) and its impact on camelthorn seed production in Birjand
Aboozar Esmaili Saeed Moodi Mohammad Reza Tareghyan Mahmood AlichiCamelthorn is a perennial noxious weed belonging to the Fabaceae family that exist almost in the most regions in Iran and reproduces by seed and rhizome. In 2008, a seed beetle was collected on legumes of camelthorn which identified as Bruchidius fulvus (Allard, 1883). MoreCamelthorn is a perennial noxious weed belonging to the Fabaceae family that exist almost in the most regions in Iran and reproduces by seed and rhizome. In 2008, a seed beetle was collected on legumes of camelthorn which identified as Bruchidius fulvus (Allard, 1883). Biology of this insect was studied in laboratory conditions in 15±1:25±1˚C light:day, relative humidity of 65±5% and length of light: dark 12:12h and also field (Natural) conditions. Incubation period of eggs prolonged about 6±1.71 days. Eggs placed on legumes individually and the mean number of egg lay for a female was 19.8±0.95 eggs. The larva bore directly into the seeds through the cortex at the end of embryonic development. The mature larvae change to the pupa inside the seed. This beetle has 2-3 generations annually in Birjand and overwinters as larva inside extant legumes of host plant. The larvae change to pupa and adult in late spring and early summer (beginning of flowering camelthorn). The adult females start to lay eggs after having a taste from host leaves and flowers, simultaneous by appearing legumes. Only a larva remains inside each seed and grow after feeding from inner parts of the legumes and change to pupa there. Adult seed beetles make their way outside by boring a small hole on the seed and extant legume. The life cycle accomplishment of this beetle from egg to adult depends on environmental condition lasted 48.8±2.48 days. Under laboratory conditions, larval and pupal periods last about 32±0.94 and 11±0.54 days, respectively. The larvae of this beetle can damage camelthorn seeds up to 35-48% in natural conditions. Because of its impact on seed production, the camelthorn weevil may be a valuable candidate for biological control of camelthorn in the south khorasan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - A Look at some Shared Meanings in Elegies by Rudaki and Abolhassan Tahami
mahmood mahdavi damghaniRudakiSamarghandi was a renowned and well-read Khorasani poet in the first three decades of the fourth Hegira century. He died in 329 or 330 H.G. He composed many poems. Some scholars have estimated the number to range from 130,000 to 1,300,000 poems, but a few poems ha MoreRudakiSamarghandi was a renowned and well-read Khorasani poet in the first three decades of the fourth Hegira century. He died in 329 or 330 H.G. He composed many poems. Some scholars have estimated the number to range from 130,000 to 1,300,000 poems, but a few poems have remained. Most biographers unanimously acknowledge his skill in composing different kinds of poems. There are mixed views about his being blind or being blinded and about his religious affiliation. His command of the Arabic language and literature was so high that he translated Kelileh and Demneh back into eloquent Persian poems. AbolhassanTahami was born in Taham (Mecca). Then, he migrated to Ramleh, a city in Palestine. He became theoratoer of the city. He was a very virtuous and pious man. He was famous in Khorasan and his poems were memorized by people there. He was believed to be a twelve-imam shiite. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Using wing geometric morphometric in identification of three species of grape cicads (Hem., Cicadidae) in Iran
N. Aghagoli Marzijarani F. Mozaffarian R. Vafaei ShoushtariGrape cicada Cicadatra alhageos (Kolenati, 1857) is known as one of the important pests in Iran. Two other species of cicadas, Chloropsalta ochreata (Melichar, 1920) and Chloropsalta smaragdula Haupt, 1920 have also been reported on Grape in Iran which both resembles ve MoreGrape cicada Cicadatra alhageos (Kolenati, 1857) is known as one of the important pests in Iran. Two other species of cicadas, Chloropsalta ochreata (Melichar, 1920) and Chloropsalta smaragdula Haupt, 1920 have also been reported on Grape in Iran which both resembles very similar to C. alhageos and diagnosing them is only possible by comparing their male genitalia. In this study, the morphometric variation among the three species was investigated base on their wing shapes. The analyses showed that the length ratio of two portions of veins CuA1 and M1+2 were the most important characters for distinguishing the three species in the field. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Effect of repllency and Oviposition Deterrence of plant extract and powder of Acroptilon repence (Asteraceae) and Sophora aculeopoides (Fabaceae) on Saw toothed grain beetle (Oryzaelhylus surinamensis) in laboratory conditions
M. Samareh FekriSaw toothed grain beetle (Oryzaephilus surinamensis) is one of the serious and destructive foods pests.it is a polyphagous insect, which feeds from variety of products. Nowadays, using plant-based combination instead of artificial insecticides usage, especially in stora MoreSaw toothed grain beetle (Oryzaephilus surinamensis) is one of the serious and destructive foods pests.it is a polyphagous insect, which feeds from variety of products. Nowadays, using plant-based combination instead of artificial insecticides usage, especially in storage pests, has received much attention. In the present research, the effects of repllency and Oviposition deterrence of extract (concentration:240,320,400,480,560 (µl/l air ) )and powder (mix of 2 grams powder with 2 grams of wheat seeds) leaves and flowers of Acroptilon repence and Sophora aculeopoides was evaluated on final instar larvae and adult insects . The experiments were done in a dark room with the temperature range of 30±5°C and 70-75% relative humidity. The output results indicate that the extract and powder of the studied plants are effective on the repllency and oviposition deterrence of saw toothed grain beetle, and the effects of the extract and powder of A.repence on the desired parameters are greater than the S. aculeopoides of the expression. The results showed that the percentage of repllency and oviposition deterrence in the extracts of both plants were increased with concentration-increment. Intense insects reacted more in comparison with larvae against extracts and powders. The information obtained from this study could be helped the storekeeper for storing the warehouse products in a long-term and controlling the damages of saw toothed grain beetle. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Host preference of Bruchidius fulvus Allard. (Col., Bruchidae), a biological control agent of camelthorn, on some plant species from Fabaceae
A. Esmaili S. Moodi M. Alichi M. R. TareghyanBruchidius fulvus Allard. is a biological control agent of camelthorn weed (Alhagi camelorum Fisch.) in Birjand region, South Khorasan province, Iran. The beetle has been able to reduce seed production and consequently prevented more spread of this noxious weed in the r MoreBruchidius fulvus Allard. is a biological control agent of camelthorn weed (Alhagi camelorum Fisch.) in Birjand region, South Khorasan province, Iran. The beetle has been able to reduce seed production and consequently prevented more spread of this noxious weed in the region. In order to use the beetle to control the weed, the host preference of B. fulvus was studied under laboratory condition (25±1˚C, 65±5% R.H and darkness). The experiments was carried out in completely randomized design with 10 replications using the seeds of camelthorn and 6 other plant species from Fabaceae family including Phaseolus vulgaris L., Cicer arientinum L., Lathyrus sativus L., Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Sophora alopecuroides L. and Vicia villosa Roth. Results showed that the most number of eggs was respectively laid on A. camelorum, Ph. vulgaris, C. arietinum, L. sativus and V. villosa seeds. However, the larvae on plant species other than the camelthorn did not survive. It seems that B. fulvus is a monophagous species and can be used as a seed feeder agent of camel thorn in the region. However, further studies are essential to find out whether it is a specialist or not. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Study on the efficacy of different control methods of vine cicada, Psalmocharias alhageos (Hem., Cicadidae) in Qom province
H. Valizadeh H. FarazmandVine cicada, Psalmocharias alhageos (Hem., Cicadidae), is one of the period important pests of vine trees in Iran. Main damage of P. alhageos is caused by long feeding period of nymphs on the vine roots and laying eggs of females under the bark of the shoots. The adults MoreVine cicada, Psalmocharias alhageos (Hem., Cicadidae), is one of the period important pests of vine trees in Iran. Main damage of P. alhageos is caused by long feeding period of nymphs on the vine roots and laying eggs of females under the bark of the shoots. The adults appear from mid May in Qom region. Three insecticides: Diazinon (10% granule), Carbaryl (Sevin® 85%) and Imidacloprid (Confidor® SC350) by soil application and gardening activities (pruning of top branches and shoveling of soil under vines) were compared. In this study The treatments were compared with the number of nymphal exuviae under vines and grape vine yield. The results showed that the maximum number of nymphal exuviae was recorded on the control treatment (14.2) and the minimum was on trees using the treatment of Imidacloprid (4.9). The highest and lowest of grape yield were recorded in Imidacloprid (54.1 kg) and control (15.7 kg) treatments, respectively. Based on treatments ranking, application of Imidacloprid (20 ml at each vine tree) at nymphs emergence time from soil was effective in decreasing of vine cicada damage and increasing of the grape vine yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Repellency of camelthorn (Alhagi camelorum F.) and nettle (Urtica dioica L.) extracts against Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
F. Shakhsi Zare S. Loni F. Moradi L. AzizpourThe insert repellency of camelthorn (Alhagi camelirum F.) and nettle (Urtica dioica L.) extracts was investigated against red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) adults. The plants They were dried in room temperature and soaked in 98% ethanol, then concentrated by use of MoreThe insert repellency of camelthorn (Alhagi camelirum F.) and nettle (Urtica dioica L.) extracts was investigated against red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) adults. The plants They were dried in room temperature and soaked in 98% ethanol, then concentrated by use of evaporation apparatus. Extract concentrations of 5, 10, 30 and 50% were prepared with pure acetone. Experiments were carried out according to filter paper method. Repellency percentage of each extract was recorded after one, three, five and ten hours of exposure at four replicates. The results showed that, repellency of both extracts increased significantly as concentrations rate and time of intervals increased. The highest repellency (76.6%) achieved 10h after exposure for camethorn and the least (3.33%) was obtained after one hour of treatment for nettle. Also, the repellency of camelthorn was more than nettle in all concentrations. According to results of this study, the camelthorn has a good potential to use as repellant for control of stored product pests. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Determining the Dimensions of Electronic Customer Relationship Management (E-CRM) in Gharzolhasaneh Mehr Iran Bank
Mohamad Ali Tadayon Reza Ebrahimzade Dastgerdi Alborz Gheitani Mehrdad Sadeghi -
Open Access Article
43 - Psychological Analysis of Jealousy in Women Based on “Dimna Klylh” and “Marzban-nameh” Stories
زینب Barzagar MaherDimna Klylh and Marzban-nameh books included the Lunar A.H 6th and 7th centuries’ stories in Iran. One of the major characters in these stories was the woman character .A variety of features, like jealousy had been attributed to her. On the other hand psychology o MoreDimna Klylh and Marzban-nameh books included the Lunar A.H 6th and 7th centuries’ stories in Iran. One of the major characters in these stories was the woman character .A variety of features, like jealousy had been attributed to her. On the other hand psychology of women, according to various aspects of the female characteristics, has been investigated jealousy in women. This article recited some of the mentioned stories from Dimna Klylh and Marzban-nameh books while analyzing the attitudes of the creators. Then by scientific and psychological stands and points of view the jealousy characteristic in women was analyzed and compared. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Novel synthesis of Pyrimido[4,5- e] [1,3,4] thiadiazines
Abdolhassan Doulah -
Open Access Article
45 - Novel synthesis of Pyrimido[4,5- e] [1,3,4] thiadiazines
Abdolhassan Doulah Hamid Sadeghian -
Open Access Article
46 - Solvent Free Synthesis of tetra alkyl- phenyl-1H-pyrimido[4,5-e][1,3,4]Thiadiazine-3,7-diamines
Mohammad Hosein Farjam -
Open Access Article
47 - Synthesis and Application of New Oxidant bis(banzyltriphenylphosphonium) peroxodisulfate on Oxidation of Benzylhalides to Corresponding Benzylaldehyde Compounds
Rashid Badri Seid Sina Mohsenin Elham Tahanpesar -
Open Access Article
48 - Synthesis of thiadiazine-3,7-diamine derivatives
Nima Razzaghi – asl Mohammad Kazem Mohammadi -
Open Access Article
49 - Simple and efficient Heterocyclization method for Synthesis of new pyrimido thiadiazine-3,7-diamine derivatives
Masih Golkari -
Open Access Article
50 - Solvent Free Synthesis of tetra alkyl- phenyl-1H-pyrimido [4, 5-e][1,3,4]Thiadiazine-3,7-diamines
mohammad kazem mohammadi -
Open Access Article
51 - Convenient Synthesis of benzo[f][1,3,4]thiadiazocin derivatives
Mohsen Nikpour -
Open Access Article
52 - Comparative Study of Significance of Barbad’s musical modes or alhan in Nizami’s Khosrow and Shirin and Manuchehri’s Texts
Mansoure SabetzadehStudying music in literary texts and its mutual inspirations is one of the branches of comparative studies. This paper investigates music and its system in Nizami’sKhosrow and Shirin. Khosrow and Shirin is one of the most prominent musical heritages and Barbad&rsq MoreStudying music in literary texts and its mutual inspirations is one of the branches of comparative studies. This paper investigates music and its system in Nizami’sKhosrow and Shirin. Khosrow and Shirin is one of the most prominent musical heritages and Barbad’s musical derivative modes called Alhan in which the names of songs and sounds, instruments and music have been cited in terms of lyrical themes. Thus, it is used as a sovereign exposition of music. One of the most significant elements of Khosrow and Shirinis revealing some parts of musical system of Sassanid era including Barbad’s thirty derivative modes named lahn. Theses modes had been appraised by Manuchehriformerly. This paper is a comparative study of Barbad’s modes or alhan cited in various accounts in different texts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Environmental risk assessment of gas pipeline using the kent muhlbauer method
Mohsen Goudarzi Hamid Reza Jafari Saeid GivehchiThe purpose of this study is using reformed muhlbauer method in order to evaluate the pipeline environmentalrisk levels. In this method, the total index represents the hazard probability and the leakage factor represents theimpact intensity. The final risk score is obta MoreThe purpose of this study is using reformed muhlbauer method in order to evaluate the pipeline environmentalrisk levels. In this method, the total index represents the hazard probability and the leakage factor represents theimpact intensity. The final risk score is obtained by dividing the total score into leakage factor. 32 % of thepipelines contain very high risk and 11 % of the pipelines contain high risk. Medium risk belongs to 23 % of thepipelines and 34 % of the pipelines contain low risk. According to the results of kent malhauber method, themost important risk factor in this study is the High activity levels, low depth of coverage, lack of adequateeducation about the risks of pipelines to nearby residents, the lack of emergency messaging system, Intersectionwith multiple faults, Urban tissue, Population density and Valuable areas Like the National Natural. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - A comparison of common themes between Gordafarid story and Bannery and Delhi conquer epic
mahmoud sadeghzadeh Maryam Davari A comparative study of literature, always reveals the secrets and codes, and this enables recognition of similarities and differences, especially the thoughts of many known works together. There has been researches conducted about Ferdowsi's Shahnameh and epics o More A comparative study of literature, always reveals the secrets and codes, and this enables recognition of similarities and differences, especially the thoughts of many known works together. There has been researches conducted about Ferdowsi's Shahnameh and epics of Baluchi ethnic group, but on common themes of Gordafarid of Shahnameh and Baluchi Bannery epic story and the conquest of Delhi, there has not been any independent comparative study. In this paper, with descriptive , analytical documentation and comparative method, we tried to analyze , the main theme and explore and examine common themes between the two stories with a comparative approach. First, we covered the status of Baluchi epics and a short summary of Gordafarid and Bannery, then, the common themes of the two atories such as: the active participation of women, revenge, fate, peaceful existence, horses, weapons, contempt and sarcasm and rhetoric are analyzed. Large parts of the existing structure in two stories are similar to each other in an amazingway. Courage for women, revenge, use humor, irony and influence the fate are of the main similarities and ways to brag, resistance and struggle and finally peacefulness and continue the battle to win in the story Gordafarid are of the most important differences between the two stories. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Mitigation of the COVID 19 Pandemics in tectonically active areas.
Saumitra MukherjeeTectonically active areas when release hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) it can kill the COVID 19 virus naturally in the environment. COVID 19 contaminations can be controlled by identifying tectonically active areas in India and other similar terrain globally. Using high resolu MoreTectonically active areas when release hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) it can kill the COVID 19 virus naturally in the environment. COVID 19 contaminations can be controlled by identifying tectonically active areas in India and other similar terrain globally. Using high resolution satellite data it is possible to infer the changes in the surface manifestations in terms of changes in, vegetation vigor, lineament and other landform features. Thermal scanners by drones and field observations can identify potential fractures and faulted areas to release hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). In ferruginous quartzite, granite and other hard rocky terrain the natural release of hydrogen peroxide by micro tremor in presence of moisture content can mitigate the Corona virus by killing it insitu naturally as public health medicine. If this hypothesis is proved experimentally it will be a new finding and a great relief to the humanity across the world.National Capital Region of India has shown influence of neotectonic activities, which has changed the groundwater quality in Delhi Haryana region. Monitoring of stress within bedrocks along active fault zones have been under observation for detecting premonitory earth quake signals. Common crustal high grade metamorphic and igneous rocks contain peroxy defects which remain dormant until the rock experiences stress. These stress-activated defects form highly reactive oxygen species (ROS) which produce electric currents. At the rock-water interface, the ROS can combine with groundwater to produce hydrogen peroxide giving an indirect measure of the underlying rock stress along active fault planes within hard rock aquifers and deep thermal springs1. Disruption within the ground layers can influence both the quality and quantity of groundwater within aquifers. This change can be brought about due to mixing of water between different aquifers, influx of water from surrounding areas, changes in dissolved gas concentrations and mineral dissolution at the rock-water interface or through the infiltration of pollutants from soil or ground surface, Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Effect of L-carnitine on Serum LH, FSH and Testosterone Levels in Adult Male Rats
mohammad miveh chi ali anisianL-carnitine is an essential nutrient. It has vitamin-like qualities and it is considered essential in helping to transport fatty acids into mitochondria. The benefit effect of L-carnitine is proposed for treatment of obesity as long time periods. L-carnitine has a benef MoreL-carnitine is an essential nutrient. It has vitamin-like qualities and it is considered essential in helping to transport fatty acids into mitochondria. The benefit effect of L-carnitine is proposed for treatment of obesity as long time periods. L-carnitine has a beneficial impact on fertility. Its androgenic activity may by increasing testosterone level that promotes spermatogenic activity. So, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of supplementation of L-carnitine on serum FSH, LH and testosterone levels in adult male rats. Rats were treated different doses of L-carnitine tartarate daily for 16 days, interperitoneally. The control group was treated saline as vehicle. After 16 days, animals were anesthetized with ether and blood specimens were obtained from heart. Serum FSH, LH and testosterone were measured by radioimmunoassay. The results showed that L-carnitine increased serum FSH, LH and testosterone levels in treated animals, significantly. The present study indicated that L-carnitine could effect on sex hormones and reproduction system and also could be an appropriate candidate for improving male reproductive function. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - The study of the association of two variants of MLH3(rs175080) andTEX11(rs6525433) in Iranian infertile men
Hanieh Sezavar Zahra Noormohammadi Masoud SheidaiInfertility is one of the most common problems in human societies which estimated between 1 in 6 couples worldwide. It is a complex clinical condition caused by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. The TEX11 and MLH3 gene plays a key role in the mechani MoreInfertility is one of the most common problems in human societies which estimated between 1 in 6 couples worldwide. It is a complex clinical condition caused by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. The TEX11 and MLH3 gene plays a key role in the mechanism of DNA repair and crossing over. Methods: In this study, the association of two SNPs of MLH3 (rs175080) and TEX11 (rs6525433) in Iranian infertile men was investigated. One hundred twenty infertile men with azoospermia and 115 healthy individuals were collected as a control. These two polymorphisms were investigated by using tetra-amplification refractory mutation system ((PCR), TETRA - ARMS – PCR), PCR – RFLP, and sequencing were used. Findings and Discussion: The frequency of GG and GA genotypes in MLH3 gene was 30.9% and 69.1% in azoospermia males and 31.3% and 68.7% in the control group (P = 0.619), respectively. The result showed that rs175080 polymorphism in the MLH3 gene and rs6525433 polymorphism in the TEX11 gene were not associated with the risk of Azoospermia. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - The correlation of rs4647269 and re1800734 SNPs in MLH1 gene with Iranian male infertility: Azospermia
Mehrdokht Dorpoosh Zahra Noormohammadi Masoud SheidaiIntroduction: Infertility and its problems are considered as one of the most important issues that affect 10-15% of couples. About half of all infertility is related to men. Human spermatogenesis depends on the activity of thousands of genes, and defects in repair mecha MoreIntroduction: Infertility and its problems are considered as one of the most important issues that affect 10-15% of couples. About half of all infertility is related to men. Human spermatogenesis depends on the activity of thousands of genes, and defects in repair mechanisms can stop spermatogenesis. One of the proteins involved in the repair system is the MLH1 protein. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of rs1800734 and rs4647269 polymorphisms in the MLH1 gene with male azoospermic infertility.Methods: In this case-control study, blood samples were collected from 113 men with azoospermia infertility as a patient and 101 healthy men as a control. After DNA extraction, the genotypes of rs4647269 and rs1800734 polymorphisms were determined by RFLP-PCR method using HPYCH4IV and PVUII enzymes, respectively, and confirmed by sequencing. Results: In rs1800734 polymorphism, no significant difference (p <0.05) was observed between the genotypic frequency of the patient and control groups. There was a significant difference between genotypic frequencies between the two groups (P = 0.024), P = 0.021, P = 0.036) Also in this polymorphism in terms of sperm volume in traits (P = 0.000).Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between rs4647269 rs polymorphism of MLH1 gene and azoospermia infertility in the study population of Iranian men and it can probably be effective in it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Evaluate the components of transnational higher education in higher education of Iran
mahdi sharifi fariba karimi narges saedianIn recent years international higher education has become one of the key objectives of higher education policy makers around the world. Promotion global internet networks and development of knowledge-based, intertwined national economies and advantages and benefits of i MoreIn recent years international higher education has become one of the key objectives of higher education policy makers around the world. Promotion global internet networks and development of knowledge-based, intertwined national economies and advantages and benefits of internationalization, Prompteduniversities to reflect this change in activity and need to obtain appropriate and rational policies and strategies the more than in the past.The present study is aimed to evaluate the effective components on transnational higher education in higher education of Iran. The study methodology is qualitative and thematic analysis. The data were collected and extracted of 40 papers being indexed in scientific bases during 1990-2015. Based on thematic analysis, transnational higher education components were classified on structural and organizational components with 6 organizing and 25 basic themes, educational and research components with 4 organizing and 8 basic themes and cultural components with 2 organizing and 6 basic themes and relevant theme structure were considered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Evaluate the components of transnational higher education in higher education of Iran
mohammad liaghatdar majid amiri setareh mosaviIn recent years international higher education has become one of the key objectives of higher education policy makers around the world. Promotion global internet networks and development of knowledge-based, intertwined national economies and advantages and benefits of i MoreIn recent years international higher education has become one of the key objectives of higher education policy makers around the world. Promotion global internet networks and development of knowledge-based, intertwined national economies and advantages and benefits of internationalization, Prompteduniversities to reflect this change in activity and need to obtain appropriate and rational policies and strategies the more than in the past.The present study is aimed to evaluate the effective components on transnational higher education in higher education of Iran. The study methodology is qualitative and thematic analysis. The data were collected and extracted of 40 papers being indexed in scientific bases during 1990-2015. Based on thematic analysis, transnational higher education components were classified on structural and organizational components with 6 organizing and 25 basic themes, educational and research components with 4 organizing and 8 basic themes and cultural components with 2 organizing and 6 basic themes and relevant theme structure were considered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - The study of Abdolhossein Khan Moazezolmolk Teymourtash's performance from Majlis-e-Shouraye Melli (The National Consultative Assembly) to the establishment of Majlis-e-Moassesan (Constituent Assembly).
Sayed Hamid Fakhr Jafari Omid Sepehri Abolhasan MobayenTeymourtash had a fundamental role in transforming the authoritarian power circle of Qajar to Constitutional Monarchy and informing the parliament deputies of the Western states' games of power. He, along with Forooghi, Modarres Taghizade, Davar and other, was one of th MoreTeymourtash had a fundamental role in transforming the authoritarian power circle of Qajar to Constitutional Monarchy and informing the parliament deputies of the Western states' games of power. He, along with Forooghi, Modarres Taghizade, Davar and other, was one of the lecturers and the leader of Eatedalyon (The Moderates) party in the second parliament (Majlis). He is known as a key figure in being an arbitrator in interaction with other countries and passing legislative resolutions such as establishment of Gendarmerie, opposition with The 1919 Treaty, immigration of parliament deputies from Qom to Kermanshah during 1919 occupation, granting the Northern oil exploitation right to the American company, The Mix Committee decisions, closure of the parliament on the issue of Schuster and also the period of "gap" and serving as the governor of Gilan ,Kerman and Baloochestan, ministry of justice, impartiality on the issue of republicanism, joining Reza Shah's cabinet, establishment of Majlis-e-Moassesan (Constituent Assembly) and ousting Qajar dynasty from power. This study, utilizing a desk research method, tries to find an answer to this question: What political roles had Moazezolmolk had from the time of being a parliament deputy to the establishment of Majlis-e-Moassesan (Constituent Assembly) and before serving as the Ministry of Court of Pahlavi? We also study his performance during socio-political changes of the period by investigating existing historical documents and sources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - A Survey of Sheykhorrais Qajar’s life and woks and his constitutionalism combats
Javad Abolhasani Masoomeh Gharadaghi Reconsidering the political and social changes of the constitutional period attracts the contemporary history researchers’ attentions towards some elites that under the auspices of men of high ranks of the constitutional period have been valued less. More Reconsidering the political and social changes of the constitutional period attracts the contemporary history researchers’ attentions towards some elites that under the auspices of men of high ranks of the constitutional period have been valued less. One of them is sheykhorrais Ghajar, the son to Mohammad Taghi Mirza Hesamossaltaneh and the grandson to Fathali Shah Ghajar. He was engaged in uniting the Muslim peoples. This is why his off other efforts and challenges in the above mentioned era were focused by this very thought. In the present article efforts will be made to survey the role of sheykhorrais in combating the despotic system of the Ghajar government, bringing the constitutionalism movement into existence and the combats with imperialism on the basis of existing data and resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - alhyl science in the Islamic civilization
massood taherimoghaddamMuslim scholars research in several branches of science, including their theories in physics and its branches for mechanics (the), the movement of the static equilibrium science bodies), (optics) optics , mechanics (hydraulic fluid), time, and several other branch of kn MoreMuslim scholars research in several branches of science, including their theories in physics and its branches for mechanics (the), the movement of the static equilibrium science bodies), (optics) optics , mechanics (hydraulic fluid), time, and several other branch of knowledge that the Islamic sciences to " hyl " or science alhylmeasures that science and math tricks and natural was known . Muslim scholars role in the evolution of physics and mechanics and translation of the works and books and the tract of their Western scientists , underlies the progress of science in Europe and the West . to learn about the role of Islamic scientists and engineers in design and build the achievements we need to examine the view - and the most important - remains in the field of mechanics and ph ysics , May - because of scientists , banumusa, Bediuzzamanjazari, capacitive, IbnHaythem,Muhammad ebnahmadbyruny, Kennedy, Gianni and image, the knowledge and skill. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - An Analysis of the Condition of the Opposition of Scripture and Tradition and Its Impacts on Contracts of Scripture and Tradition and Its Impacts on Contracts
Abbas Taghvaei Mohammadhassan Haeri Masoumeh Khodashenas The discussion of condition and its status in contracts has kept its traditional position in Jurisprudence issues; moreover, it has found a special status in Jurisprudence discussions. The analysis of this position requires a proper famili More The discussion of condition and its status in contracts has kept its traditional position in Jurisprudence issues; moreover, it has found a special status in Jurisprudence discussions. The analysis of this position requires a proper familiarity with the concept of the term condition from the lexical, principal, Jurisprudence, and common points of view and also the surveying of the relationship between conditions and contracts and the familiarity with the principle of the correctness of the conditions. Furthermore, in order to deal with the condition of the opposition of the scripture and tradition, we should be familiar with the criterion of correctness and failure of the correctness of the condition and divisions due to it, all of which determine the position of the discussion concerning the condition of the scripture and tradition. After these introductions and then dealing with documents and reasons related to the conditions of the opposition of the scripture and tradition, explaining the meaning of these kind of conditions and works, and expressing the legal viewpoints due to our Jurisprudence and the views of law on these items, it is essential that we deal with these issues analytically in this study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Laboratory experimental infection of sheep to Ornithobilharzia turkestanicum and its confirmation using post-mortem examination and histopathology
gholamreza karimi Ornithobilharzia turkestanicum from genus Ornithobilharzia genus and family Schistosomatidae is an important agent of parasitological infection in sheep. This parasite has been reported from Russia, China, Turkestan (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan and More Ornithobilharzia turkestanicum from genus Ornithobilharzia genus and family Schistosomatidae is an important agent of parasitological infection in sheep. This parasite has been reported from Russia, China, Turkestan (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan), Pakistan, Iraq, Turkey and Iran. Parasitological infection due to this agent could be one of the important factors of decreasing the production rate of livestock in Iran. The purpose of this study, was to experimentally infect sheep with this parasite and confirm the infection by post-mortem examination and Histopathology which was done successfully. Twenty five sheep were used in the study of which 10 sheep were experimentally infected by Ornithobilharzia turkestanikum using subcutaneous injection and 10 sheep by skin contact method and the other 5 sheep were kept as control. Result of post-mortem and Histopathology during a one year period confirmed that all of sheep were infected and adult worm, were seen in their mesentery. Mean number of cercaria used for inducing the infection was 6425 and 462 adult worms were collected post-mortem. There was no significant relationship between the number of cercaria and adult worms collected. Male sheep were more infected than female. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Detection of Mycoplasma synoviae in clinical samples by VlhA-PCR method
حسین Ansari S.A Pourbakhsh نریمان Sheikhi M.H Bozorgmehri Fard عباس AshtariAs one of the major pathogens of avian species, Mycoplasma Synoviae causes significant economic losses to the poultry industry. The main purpose of this study was to detect Mycoplasma Synoviae in clinical samples using the VlhA-PCR method. For serological screening test MoreAs one of the major pathogens of avian species, Mycoplasma Synoviae causes significant economic losses to the poultry industry. The main purpose of this study was to detect Mycoplasma Synoviae in clinical samples using the VlhA-PCR method. For serological screening test, 373 serum samples were collected from 25 breeder farms and rapid serum agglutination test conducted which revealed that 143 samples equivalent to 19 breeder farms were positive. For VlhA-PCR assay, 20 of the previously mentioned breeder farms were selected and sterile swab were collected from the palatine cleft, trachea, air sacs and lungs. Three swabs from 3 birds were placed in a test tube containing 1 ml of PBS and transferred to the laboratory for PCR test. Specific primers for VIhA gene were employed in this study. The PCR product from specific primers showed 350-400 bp for all field isolated on electrophoresis gel in 8 farms. VlhA-PCR with high sensitivity could be employed in definitive diagnosis of Mycoplasma Synoviae infection in the laboratory. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - The effect of chromium on biological damage in transit road of Tabriz– Sufian
ramin salamatdoost Abolfazl GhorbaniAmong environmental pollutants, heavy metals due to the heavy metals are not biodegradable and have physiological effects on living organisms at low concentrations is of particular importance. These elements due to low mobility in the soil gradually accumulate. The accu MoreAmong environmental pollutants, heavy metals due to the heavy metals are not biodegradable and have physiological effects on living organisms at low concentrations is of particular importance. These elements due to low mobility in the soil gradually accumulate. The accumulation of these elements in the soil would eventually enter the food chain and are threatening human health and other organisms. This study aimed to determine the chromium in the Alhagi Camelorum plant as a supplier of small ruminant forage and soil bed in transit road of Tabriz - Sufian. Soil and plant samples in four directions at intervals of road edges, 15, 30, 60 and 120 m from the roadsides was prepared. To determine the amount of chromium, atomic absorption method was used. The results showed that the highest concentration of chromium in soil is 30 km of road Tabriz -Sufian and near of Sufian cement factory with 51/29 mg/ kg in the left margin of the road and the highest concentration of 54.3 mg/ kg in the Alhagi Camelorum. With increasing distance from the Sufian cement factory concentration of chromium were decreased in soil and plant. The results showed that the concentration of chromium in soil and Alhagi Camelorum plant in the course of study at a relatively high road edges and usually with increasing distance from the roadside concentrations of metals has been reduced. According to the local winds, heavy metal accumulation in the left side of the road is high, the 30 -kilometer road in Tabriz - Sufian, concentration of chromium metal in very high. Due to the contamination of plant and affected products of grazing animals such as milk and meat, consequently, the entry of animal products into the human food chain can be adverse effects on the integrity of animals and humans. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Investigation on Chemical Constituents of Essential oils from Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch from two local by Distillation methods
کامکار Jaimand mb Rezaee معصومه MazandraniThe compostion of the oils from flower and leaf of Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch were collected during the flowering priod from 15 km away from Esfhan on alt. 1650 m. in July 2003. The essential oils were obtained by different methods of distillation (steam distillation a MoreThe compostion of the oils from flower and leaf of Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch were collected during the flowering priod from 15 km away from Esfhan on alt. 1650 m. in July 2003. The essential oils were obtained by different methods of distillation (steam distillation and hydrodistillation), the percentage of oils for flower were 0/17% and 0.25% respectively, and calculated on the dry weight, and analysis by GC and GC/MS. The major constituents determined by hydrodistillation method in flower were p–cymene (33.3%), terpinolene (11.2%) and a-thujene (10.9%) and by steam distillation method in flower were p – cymene (22.1%), germacrene B (11%) and terpinolene (9.8%), respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Study of the plant growth stages effect on the color, content and composition of essential oil of Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch. Case Study: Qushchi Ghat in West Azerbaijan province
Fatemeh Nejadhabibvash Hasan Medavadi kia samira Toufigh Majid Ali Mohammadyan Ghita Amirfathi Shadab PanahiAchillea wilhelmsii C. Koch. belongs to Asteraceae family, is widely found in different regions of Iran and used for treatment of different diseases. In this research, apical shoots of Achillea wilhelmsii at three different developmental stages includingvegetative MoreAchillea wilhelmsii C. Koch. belongs to Asteraceae family, is widely found in different regions of Iran and used for treatment of different diseases. In this research, apical shoots of Achillea wilhelmsii at three different developmental stages includingvegetative (May), flowering (June) and end of flowering (July) stages were collected from natural habitat in 2016 from Qushchi region (Urmia) in West Azerbaijan peovince. Essential oil were obtained by water - distillation method (Clevenger apparatus) and were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The results were showed that at different harvest times, the color, yield and the quality and quantity of essential oils were also different. The camphor (57.5%) and camphene (8.56%) were the main components of plant essential oil at the before flowering stage and their amount were reduced after flowering stage. In contrast, the eucalyptol (13.18%), borneol (18.91%), bicyclo heptanes (0.43%) and thujane (15.35%) had the highest amount at the end of flowering stage. Analysis of results were showed that plant essential oils have active ingredients of different quality and quantity at various growth stages and accordingly will have different pharmaceutical effects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - بررسی ترکیبات مؤثره و عملکرد آنتیاکسیدانی گیاه Alyssum maritimum و Achillea wilhelmsii در استان سیستان و بلوچستان
ملک طاهر مقصودلو جعفر ولیزاده صدیقه ابراهیمیان چاوشلو میلاد محمدی بلبان آباد ناهید راهنشان -
Open Access Article
71 - A study of the style of constitutional letters to the heads of the west of the country (relying on Il Kalhor)
iraj nikjoResultIn the beginning of Qajar Government, a literary big movement begins in Iran that Persian language and the mode of poem and prose went ahead toward an evolutionary reformation. In investigation of Constitutionalists letters to Kalhors tribe leaders it can be reach MoreResultIn the beginning of Qajar Government, a literary big movement begins in Iran that Persian language and the mode of poem and prose went ahead toward an evolutionary reformation. In investigation of Constitutionalists letters to Kalhors tribe leaders it can be reached to this result that according to this aim new issues raised in literature that didn’t have any background before such as social and political issues existent regime liberalism patriotism …. that sometimes causes changing of letters form that was the first result of exchanging letter between constitutionalists to west of country tribe’s leaders. The dominant theme of those letters are liberalism and fighting against injustice and inhumanity as a canonical task. Structurally one of the charities of Constitutional eras prose that its addressing is to general scope is not seen much Of course it seem that this strategy rises from literary kind of letters.Easywriting process that is one of the main tendencies of Constitutional eras prose is seen rarely. and the prose of these letters is the reminder of Beihaqis history and Saedis Bostan prose somewhat.One of the obvious and important points of these letters is its perspectives that is seen well and beautifully and it is the use of second-person Pronoun. Another point that has closed the prose of these letters to constitutional eras prose is the replacement of logic than description. Because the tendency to logic in prose is one of the prominent characteristics of Constitutional eras prose. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - Il Kalhor's approach to the Constitutional Revolution and the Uprising of Salar al-Dawlah
iraj nikjoAylKlhr's approach to the Constitutional Revolution and the Uprising of Salar al-DawlahKalhor tribe was one of the tribes of the Great West and played a key role in Iran's history coincided with the era. Constitutional Revolution and tyranny Minor issues that affect Ka MoreAylKlhr's approach to the Constitutional Revolution and the Uprising of Salar al-DawlahKalhor tribe was one of the tribes of the Great West and played a key role in Iran's history coincided with the era. Constitutional Revolution and tyranny Minor issues that affect Kalhor build the political process. Doleh in order to achieve power, and some tribes revolted against the constitution along with Tehran and went on to capture the outcome of one of the tribes that had accompanied Kalhor tribe. Therefore, this study sought to analyze the policies of the constitution and rebellion Kalhor is Doleh. The results showed Kalhor rebellion was initially a supporter of the constitutional revolution, but to revolt Doleh has a dual policy, so that the first and the tribe rebelled against the Skinheads Doleh failure, but later allies rebelled and in seeking to suppress the constitutional raised. This study historical research and descriptive-analytic. Since such research to analyze the various dimensions of the components of ethnicity, identity, ... concerning each of them with MyPrdazd rule, finally can be objective framework in the field of people, communities and sectors by tribal and community ShyrhAy with the rule nodes. Kalhor with dual policy toward al-dominated insurgency had caused the collapse of the tribe in the West country, and with the establishment of Reza Shah's role in the politics of the tribe disappeared.Keywords: the Constitutional, Salar-o-doleh, uprising, Kalhor, Davoodkhan Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - A comparative study of the semantics and music of the subjects in Kalhori Kurdish with Persian language (Study sample: Kalhori dialect of Gilan-e-Gharb and Ivan-e-Gharb regions)
Shahreyar Shadigho Mahdi Ahmadikhah Farhad ParvanehKalhori Kurdish dialect is one of the vernaculars of the southern branch of Kurdish language (Kurdish language has three branches north, central and southern) that most of its speakers live in the cities of Ivan-Gharb and Sarablah of Ilam province and Islamabad-Gharb an MoreKalhori Kurdish dialect is one of the vernaculars of the southern branch of Kurdish language (Kurdish language has three branches north, central and southern) that most of its speakers live in the cities of Ivan-Gharb and Sarablah of Ilam province and Islamabad-Gharb and Gilan-Gharb in Kermanshah province. Since linguistic studies consider Kurdish to be one of the most widely used languages in Persian, the concepts, words and combinations of this language, like Persian, are derived from the relations and proportions between words, one of which is the existence of citizens in the language. Therefore, the authors of this study have lead the present research in an integrated-field study method (direct conversation with Kalhori speakers of Gilan-Gharb and Ivan-Gharb regions) and with reference to library sources (referring to authoritative books related to Kalhori dialect) and they try to answer these questions: 1- Are there any dependency in the Kurdish dialect of Ivan-e-Gharb and Gilan-e-Gharb? 2- In the Kurdish dialect of Ivan-e-Gharb and Gilan-e-Gharb, what is the relationship between the word base and dependency (function)? 3- What are the differences and similarities between the dependency in the Kurdish dialect and the other in the Persian language? One of the results of this research in terms of semantic, function, structure and music, in the Kalhori dialect clarifies the dependency is exactly similar to the dependency in the Persian language. With the difference that the frequency of the function to the subject in Kalhori dependency is higher than the preceding the function to the subject in Persian language. Another difference is the existence of dependency switcher in Kurdish, which was not found in Persian. These practical differences and alterations indicate that Persian and Kurdish, with all their structural similarities, and adaptations, are two independent languages, and addressing such small and subtle differences can reveal aspects of the two languages' independence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - A Comparative Study of Elhami Ashura Poems with Abbas Gholi Yahyavi from an Epic aspect
Gholamreza Ziyai Niri Khodabakhsh Asadollahi Khalil HadidiThe great event of Ashura is full of persistence and epics in which Imam Hussein (A.S.) and his noble companions were the heroes, so this aspect (epic) of that eternal event is more prominent than other dimensions and it has a special significance. In the present articl MoreThe great event of Ashura is full of persistence and epics in which Imam Hussein (A.S.) and his noble companions were the heroes, so this aspect (epic) of that eternal event is more prominent than other dimensions and it has a special significance. In the present article, using a comparative approach, the epic, ritualistic backgrounds of Ashura are explained in the works of Elhami Kermanshahi and Abbas Gholi Yahyavi Ardabili and the reflection of ritual (religious) and epic values of Ashura such as: steadfastness, self-sacrifice, resistance, struggle and resistance against tyranny of oppressive individuals and governments, praise of freedom and libertarianism, incompatibility against oppression, invitation to defense and perseverance against tyrants and Jihad and martyrdom, and Shiite revolutionary ideas were studied in the field of Persian and Turkish literature with thought-provoking and instructive examples. Finally, the article concludes by examining the poetic purposes and its value and literary consequences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - An investigation of etymological principles of the Southern Kurdish dialects (case study of the three sub-dialects Khezeli, Laki and Klhori)
Moslem Khezeli Sakineh AzadiSouthern Kurdish dialects or (kermanshahi-Ilami) dialects are one of the four main Kurdish dialects (Kermanji, Soranji, Orami-Ghoran, and Southern Kurdish dialect) divided to too many sub-dialects. In this study, we have analyzed the features of grammatical points and e MoreSouthern Kurdish dialects or (kermanshahi-Ilami) dialects are one of the four main Kurdish dialects (Kermanji, Soranji, Orami-Ghoran, and Southern Kurdish dialect) divided to too many sub-dialects. In this study, we have analyzed the features of grammatical points and etymological reference of grammar of these dialects with the emphasis on differences. Thus, firstly, we have identified Kurdish language and its dialects, then, we have described etymological grammar of these dialects. This study has been conducted by library study method and descriptive-analytical approach. According to the findings, these three dialects have very close associations with each other and in some grammatical points they meet the similarities. But among them, there are some differences mostly appeared in verb etymology, usage of pronouns, adverbs usage, prepositions, and prefixes. These differences often occurred in changes of some letters. These differences caused these dialects varieties and also the independency and appearance of particular grammatical system of them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - The Typology of Word Order in Lori of Buir Ahmad
vali rezaie mohamad kheirkhahLanguage typology is a branch of linguistics studying the systemic difference between world’s languages and comparing morphological and syntactical structures among different languages regardless of their historical background. One of the main topics in this branc MoreLanguage typology is a branch of linguistics studying the systemic difference between world’s languages and comparing morphological and syntactical structures among different languages regardless of their historical background. One of the main topics in this branch is word order based on which different languages are studied with respect to the order and sequence of constituents and the classification and comparison of languages is carried out based on these orders. This study aims to investigate the Luri dialect from the typological word order point of view in order to determine to which verb-medial or verb-final order it belongs. To this end, first the data of native speakers in Sisakht and nearby villages located in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province was collected and documented so as to analyze different structures of Luri language in accordance with Dryer’s 24 factors. The comparison of Luri language with world’s languages and European and Asian languages indicates that many structures in Luri dialect of Boyer-Ahmad are very similar to those of Persian. Moreover, the dominant tendency in this language is toward the strong verb-medial languages compared to both European, Asian and world’s languages. In comparison to world’s languages, this language has 13 features of the strong verb-final languages and 19 features of the strong verb-medial languages. The same figure regarding the features is true in comparison with European and Asian languages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Investigating the evolutionary changes of the Kurdish vocabulary (Ivan kalhor dialect) to the Pahlavi language
Farhad Parvaneh Mahdi Ahmadikhah Lida ShamshiryKalhor tribe is one of the largest and most wide-ranging home-grown people of Iran throughout the history. From the study of existing and used vocabulary in the Kurdish dialect, it appears these vocabularies are of such an age that their background is in Middle Persian MoreKalhor tribe is one of the largest and most wide-ranging home-grown people of Iran throughout the history. From the study of existing and used vocabulary in the Kurdish dialect, it appears these vocabularies are of such an age that their background is in Middle Persian or Pahlavi. Some of these words have remained unchanged over time, and some have been affected by linguistic variations. This paper tries to study the structure, and the evolution of the present vocabulary in the Ivyani Kalhor dialect, using the two methods of library and field studying, in an analytical-descriptive approach. From the findings of the research, it has achieved that a part of the vocabulary has been transposed from Pahlavi to the Kurdish dialect (Avon) in terms of form and meaning. The other part is also transmitted in an identical manner, but the meaning of it has been changed. The third group is a lexical word in which the evolution of the sounds (the process of reduction, the process of increasing, the process of transformation and the dual process) has happened. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - Comparison of the verb part in dialect of “Feili Kurdish" and "Kalhori Kurdish" of southern Kurdish dialects
sakineh azadiKurdish is the language of millions of people on earth. Kermanji, Sorani (Southern Kermanji), Orami-Gorani and Southern Kurdish are the main dialects of Kurdish with several sub-dialects and accents. Southern Kurdish is the dialect of Kermanshah and Ilam regions. In Ker MoreKurdish is the language of millions of people on earth. Kermanji, Sorani (Southern Kermanji), Orami-Gorani and Southern Kurdish are the main dialects of Kurdish with several sub-dialects and accents. Southern Kurdish is the dialect of Kermanshah and Ilam regions. In Kermanshah, dialects exist such as Kalhori, Jafi, Orami, and etc. Ilami Kurdish (Fili Kurdish) is the common language of the inhabitants of Ilam province and parts of Iraq such as Mendali and Khaneqin. Kalhori, Khazli, Arkavazi, Malekshahi, etc. form the dialects of the inhabitants of Ilam province. In the present study, with the aim of discovering and identifying some of the grammatical rules of Ilami dialects, Kalhori dialect (Ivan city and parts of Shirvan and Chardavol) and Fili dialect were compared in terms of verb forms. The results show that there are many similarities in the grammatical rules of these dialects due to kinship, and at the same time, there are some differences in suffixes when the verbs are conjugated in the second and third person singular forms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - Analysis of the effects of cooperation and interaction in Kurdish public culture and literature of Kalhori (Ivangharb and Somargharb cities)
shahriyar shadigu Nafiseh Irani mehdi ahmadikhahThis research aims to analyze the manifestations of the tradition of cooperation in the culture and literature of the Kurdish people of Kalhori with a descriptive-analytical approach and with an interdisciplinary perspective, which has been the reason for the strength o MoreThis research aims to analyze the manifestations of the tradition of cooperation in the culture and literature of the Kurdish people of Kalhori with a descriptive-analytical approach and with an interdisciplinary perspective, which has been the reason for the strength of past societies; to find scientific answers for the research questions. Questions such as whether there was interaction and cooperation in the culture and life of the people of Kalhorud, like other traditional societies of Iran? If there is, in what ways has cooperation and interaction been done in poverty alleviation, strengthening of social relations, promotion of activities, management of human resources and life of Kurdish speakers of Kalhori in Ivangharb and Somargharb? Is there a manifestation of these cultural relations reflected in the public literature of Kalhori?One of the findings of the research is that in the culture and public literature of Kalhori, there are remarkable manifestations of interaction and cooperation, which have long played a significant role in advancing social goals, facilitating work, economic prosperity, managing human resources, ending ethnic conflicts, and erasing the face of poverty. He has had many communities Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Contrastive analysis of measure words in Persian and Kurdish(Sorani, Kalhori) and its pedagogical applications in teaching Persian to the speakers of other languages (TPSOL)
naser rashidi mohsen ragh nezhadTo improve the position of contrastive linguistics in analyzing similarities and differences of two or more languages, an organized program and extra investigation is required. To compare Persian language to other languages. Recently, there are many jobs accomplished wh MoreTo improve the position of contrastive linguistics in analyzing similarities and differences of two or more languages, an organized program and extra investigation is required. To compare Persian language to other languages. Recently, there are many jobs accomplished which are concerned with contrastive analysis in different fields, such as: grammar, phonology, discourse, lexicon and even, contrastive analysis of two texts of two languages. In this study, the objective was to show Persian, Kordish measure words (Length, Width, Depth, Thickness, and Height) and their respective adjectives and also to consider the similarities and differences of the two languages (Persian, Kurdish). The analysis showed that there are differences among measure words in Persian and Kurdish. These differences might create some problems for the learners of Persian language who are learning this language as a foreign or second language. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - Assessment of sidewalk capability within the framework of tourist satisfaction Case study: Alamolhoda sidewalk in Rasht
Arefeh Eslami Tahereh Shahbazi Amin Ebrahimi DehkordyToday, the tourism industry has become a leading industry in the world and Many countries have been using tourism attraction factors such as pedestrians to strengthen their tourist destinations and improve their status. Walkways with signs and milestones are a place to MoreToday, the tourism industry has become a leading industry in the world and Many countries have been using tourism attraction factors such as pedestrians to strengthen their tourist destinations and improve their status. Walkways with signs and milestones are a place to read urban scenery and preserve the memory of the city. Tourism attraction not only addresses the needs of the pedestrian route, but also as a necessity for solving valuable issues in cities such as attracting tourists. The main objective of this study is to assess the pedestrian capability and to determine the impact and relevance of the attraction and satisfaction of Al-Hoda Walking Tourists.In doing this study, firstly we used documentary and library methodology with the systematic review of relevant resources, in order to identify the sidewalk main standards, and then a conceptual model was prepared by using a combined method based on sidewalk assessing elements within the framework of tourist satisfaction. Subsequently, by measuring physical and cultural components of Alamolhoda sidewalk through distributing a questionnaire from sidewalk assessing components, importance level of each component was evaluated purposely and according to the obtained qualitative data from graphical analysis and SPSS. Finally, these factors were categorized due to the relative subscription of extracted factors in different components. Further, our results show that readability and imagery components have more influence on tourist satisfaction in Alamolhoda sidewalk Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - ترکیبات شیمیایی و فعالیت ضدمیکروبی اسانس بومادران علیه باکتریها و قارچهای بیماریزای شایع در ماهی
میلاد عادل آرمین عابدین امیری مریم دیوبند رضا سفری الهام خلیلیمقدمه و هدف: با افزایش مقاومت عوامل بیماریزا در ماهی نسبت به داورهای شیمیایی، استفاده از گیاهان دارویی با خواص ضد میکروبی ضروری به نظر می­رسد. در این مطالعه ترکیبات شیمیایی بخش­های هوایی اسانس بومادران وحشی پرورش یافته در رشته­کوه­های زاگرس (جنوب غربی ای Moreمقدمه و هدف: با افزایش مقاومت عوامل بیماریزا در ماهی نسبت به داورهای شیمیایی، استفاده از گیاهان دارویی با خواص ضد میکروبی ضروری به نظر می­رسد. در این مطالعه ترکیبات شیمیایی بخش­های هوایی اسانس بومادران وحشی پرورش یافته در رشته­کوه­های زاگرس (جنوب غربی ایران) تعیین و خواص ضد میکروبی آن بر روی باکتری­ها و قارچ­های بیماریزای شایع در ماهی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. روش تحقیق: در این مطالعه، خواص ضد میکروبی اسانس بومادران علیه پنج باکتری شامل استرپتوکوکوس اینیائی، یرسینیا راکری، ویبریو آنگوئیلاروم، آئروموناس هیدروفیلا و سودوموناس آئروجینوزا و چهار قارچ بیماریزای: ساپرولگنیا، فوزاریوم سولانی، کاندیدا آلبیکنز و آسپرژیلوس فلاوس مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. همچنین، ترکیبات تشکیل دهنده اسانس بومادران با استفاده از دستگاه گاز کروماتوگرافی- طیف سنج جرمی (GC/MS) تعیین شد. نتایج و بحث: بازده اسانس جمع آوری شده از استان چهارمحال و بختیاری 63/0% بود. مهمترین ترکیبات تشکیل دهنده اسانس بومادران شامل: 8-1 سینئول (2/25%)، کامفور (9/18%)، لینالول (9/6%)، بارنئول (7/5%) و آرتیمزیا (3/4%) بود. همه میکروارگانیسم­های مورد مطالعه نسبت به اسانس بومادران حساسیت بیشتری را نسبت به آنتی بیوتیک­های کنترل نشان دادند. بشترین خواص ضد باکتری و ضدقارچی بومادران به ترتیب علیه باکتری یرسینیا راکری (با قطر هاله مهار رشد 4/25 میلی­متر) و قارچ کاندیدا آلبیکنز (25 میلی­متر) مشاهده شد. این در حالی است که کمترین حساسیت نسبت به باکتری استرپتوکوکوس اینیائی (4/16 میلی­متر) و قارچ آسپرژیلوس فلاوس (14 میلی­متر) مشاهده شد. علاوه بر این، حداقل غلظت مهار کنندگی رشد (MIC) اسانس مورد مطالعه در محدوده 125 تا 800 میکروگرم/ لیتر تعیین شد که قادر به مهار رشد باکتری­ها و قارچ­های بیماریزای منتخب بود. توصیه کاربردی/صنعتی: نتایج این تحقیق نشان دهنده آن است که اسانس بومادران می­تواند به عنوان یک منبع بالقوه جدید و موثرتر از آنتی بیوتیک­های تجاری در صنعت آبزیان مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. هر چند که، انجام مطالعات بیشتر به منظور خالص سازی، جداسازی و تعیین ترکیبات دارای خواص ضد میکروبی اسانس بومادران ضروری به نظر می­رسد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - مطالعه سیتوژنتیکی دو گونه خارشتر Alhagi pseudoalhagi و Alhagi graecorum
مریم ابراهیم پورنورآبادی زهرا یزدان بخش مریم کشاورزیمقدمه و هدف: دو گونه مهم خارشـــتر دارویی A. pseudoalhagi وA. graecorum به صورت خودرو در ایران پراکنش دارند. جوشانده ریشه خارشتر ضد هموروئید می باشد و مواد حاصل این گیاه مسهل و مدر هستند. در طب سنتی ایران ماده ترنجبین از فعالیت نوعی س Moreمقدمه و هدف: دو گونه مهم خارشـــتر دارویی A. pseudoalhagi وA. graecorum به صورت خودرو در ایران پراکنش دارند. جوشانده ریشه خارشتر ضد هموروئید می باشد و مواد حاصل این گیاه مسهل و مدر هستند. در طب سنتی ایران ماده ترنجبین از فعالیت نوعی سخت بال­پوش بر روی سر شاخه های این گیاه حاصل می شود. با توجه به خواص دارویی Alhagi، بررسی آن از جنبه های گوناگون ارزشمند است و در این تحقیق جمعیت های مختلف گونه های خارشتر از نظر رفتار میوزی مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند.روش تحقیق: در این تحقیق 17 جمعیت از دو گونه این گیاه در ایران برای اولین بار مورد بررسی سیتوژنتیکی قرار گرفتند. به این منظور سلول­های مادر گرده در مراحل مختلف میوز مطالعه و عکس­برداری شدند. آزمون تعیین باروری برای جمیت­های مورد بررسی انجام شد. اطلاعات مورد تجزیه و تحلیل آماری قرار گرفتند.نتایج و بحث: تعداد کروموزوم ها در همه گونه ها 2n = 2x = 16 بود. جمعیت های مورد مطالعه رفتار منظمی طی میوز نشان دادند و ناهنجاری­هایی مانند پل آنافازی در آنافاز I، چسبندگی در متافاز I، کروموزوم­های سرگردان در متافاز I و آنافاز I ، وجود بیوالنت حلقه ای و میله ای، یونی والنت، کوادری والنت و تری پلار مشاهده شد که چنین تغییرات ساختاری در کروموزوم باعث افزایش تنوع ژنتیکی شده و سازگاری با شرایط محیطی را می تواند افزایش دهد. با تجزیه و تحلیل آماری متغیرترین صفات میوزی بیوالنت حلقه ای، کیاسمای انتهایی، کیاسمای میانی و تعداد کوآدری والنت و یونی والنت بودند. B کروموزوم از یک تا 5 عدد در گونه های مورد بررسی مشاهده شد.توصیه کاربردی صنعتی: نتایج این تحقیق می تواند راه­گشای پژوهش های بعدی به منظور افزایش ترکیبات موثر دارویی و بهینه سازی آن­ها در گیاه خارشتر از طریق اصلاح ژنتیکی باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Citric acid as an efficient and green catalyst for the synthesis of hexabenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane (HBIW)
Sahar Shokrollahi Ali Ramazani Seyed Jamal Tabatabaei Rezaei Asemeh Mashhadi Malekzadeh Pegah Azimzadeh Asiabi Sang Woo Joo -
Open Access Article
85 - AlHMS as an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of chromenes derivatives
Mahdi Hajimohammadi -
Open Access Article
86 - An efficient and selective method for conversion of oximes, semicarbazones and phenylhydrazones to the corresponding carbonyl compounds under solvent-free conditions
Khadijeh Yadollahzadeh Mahmoud Tajbakhsh -
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87 - Modification of silica with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazanomethylphenol for monosaccharide productions
Kasim Mohammed Hello Hayder Mihsen Mosa -
Open Access Article
88 - 1,3-Dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin: an efficient catalyst for the solvent free synthesis of 1,8-dioxo-octahydro-xanthenes
Farhad Shirini Kurosh Rad-Moghadam Tahereh Naghdi -
Open Access Article
89 - 1,3-Dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (DBH) as a cheap and efficient catalyst for the synthesis of polyhydroquinolines and 12-aryl-8,9,10,12-tetrahydro [a] xanthene-11-ones
Farhad Shirini Gholam Hossein Imanzadeh Masoumeh Abedini Parisa Ghods Ghasemabadi -
Open Access Article
90 - Introduction of two efficient catalysts for the synthesis of 1,8-dioxo-octahydroxanthene derivatives in the absence of solvent
Farhad Shirini Gholam Hossein Imanzadeh Masoumeh Abedini Maryam Akberi Dokhte-Ghaziani Mohaddeshes Safarpoor Langroodi Parisa Ghods Ghasemabadi -
Open Access Article
91 - Melamine trisulfonic acid (MTSA) as an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of triazolo[1,2-a]indazole-triones and some 2H-indazolo[2,1-b]phthalazine-triones
Ardeshir Khazaei Mohammad Ali Zolfigol Toktam Faal Rastegar Gholamabbas Chehardoli Shadpour Mallakpour -
Open Access Article
92 - The role of information and communication technology (ICT) in strengthening the social resilience of the cities (Case Study: Flood in Ilam, Iran)
Tayebeh Akbari Mahmud Rezaei Pakzad AzadkhaniThe urban challenges such as natural disasters including floods, have been considered as prominent issues for the urban researches and also the interdisciplinary researches in terms of technology and sociology, due to the concentration of population, industries, service MoreThe urban challenges such as natural disasters including floods, have been considered as prominent issues for the urban researches and also the interdisciplinary researches in terms of technology and sociology, due to the concentration of population, industries, services and infrastructures in the cities. Using information and communication technology (ICT) as a strategy to increase social resilience and to reduce risks has been proposed in societies. In this article, the role of this technology in flood management in Iranian cities has been questioned through the Qualitative method. The goal is to prioritize the strategies and aspects of the use of this technology. In order to apply the research, a case study concerning the flood in Ilam was carried out. The statistical population of the research consists the city residents and the specialists of the urban issues and crisis management. The information was gathered through the extensive literature as well as in-depth field interviews with residents(12 people)floodvictims(three people)and experts(15 people)untilsaturationvia purposefulsampling.Inordertoanalyzetheinformationwith Delphitechnique, i.e., usingthe opinionsof experts(15 people),the strategieswerecompleted,evaluatedandprioritizedfor twotimes; laterforfurtherverifiabilitythefindingswerereviewedwithcaseobjectiveobservationandSWOTanalysis. Inthetirhdturn,thefinal consensusof theexpertswasreachedon thepriorityof strategiesand its relation to ICT components. Itwas found that reaching the highest positionof technology in urban resilience would be probable by strengthening "social capital”.The strategiestaking the secondrank areincludingthereduction of vulnerability,theincreaseof communitydevelopmentandqualityoflife, respectively; besides, the strategies for expanding access and social justice, improving governance and community accountability, increasing technical and creative knowledge, and finally creating transitional cities are in the lower priorities. Therefore, the effectiveness of technology in cities without social dimensions, especially ethnic-tribal and location intelligence, is questionable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - Economic Opportunity Survey of Small Dairy Farms in the Southwest Part of Iran
M. Vatankhah M. Faraji A.A. Gharadaghi A.R. Aghashahi -
Open Access Article
94 - Economic Efficiency of Smallholder in Iran: Adjusted for Market Distortion
M. Bakhshoodeh N. Shahnushi -
Open Access Article
95 - Evaluation of Fertility and Calving Ease of Small Holder Indigenous Cattle Herds in Semi-Arid Zone of Nigeria
G.N. Akpa M.L. Umar C. Alphonsus -
Open Access Article
96 - Alternative Village Based-Breeding Schemes for Simien and Gumuz Sheep Breeds in Northwestern Ethiopia
A. Desalegn D. Yohannes A. Solomon Solomon M. Godadaw -
Open Access Article
97 - Gonadotropin-Releasing Response to Kisspeptin-10 and Its Modulation by Progesterone in Postpartum Cyclic Cows
A. Ezzat Ahmed Y. Goto H. Saito T. Sawada J. Jin T. Hirata T. Hashizume -
Open Access Article
98 - An Efficient In Vitro Propagation, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Aphyllorchis Montana (Reichenb.f.)
Ganesan MahendranAn in vitro plant regeneration protocol was successfully established in Aphyllorchis Montana , a saprophytic achlorophyllous orchid by culturing immature seeds. Among the six basal media evaluated for seed germination, BM-TM medium was found to be the best followed by K MoreAn in vitro plant regeneration protocol was successfully established in Aphyllorchis Montana , a saprophytic achlorophyllous orchid by culturing immature seeds. Among the six basal media evaluated for seed germination, BM-TM medium was found to be the best followed by KC medium. After 40 days, all the media turned brown and the growths of the protocorms were arrested. Activated charcoal, 1 g/l in half strength BM-TM was found to be suitable for further development of protocorms. Half strength BM-TM medium was supplemented with different growth regulators either individually or in combinations for multiplication of shoots. Of the five cytokinins tested, TDZ at 6.8 μM was found to be most effective for multiple shoot induction yielding 17.24 ± 0.27 shoots after 10 weeks of culture. Addition of low concentration of NAA (1.3 μM) in MS medium supplemented with the cytokinin TDZ (6.8 μM) favoured shoot multiplication. A mean number of 27.56 ± 0.54 shoots with 3.92 ± 0.11 number of roots were produced per explant. The response of the seed derived protocorm to the different types of organic additives viz., peptone and yeast extract and coconut water was also evaluated. The addition of these organic additives to the medium containing TDZ enhanced the number of shoot regeneration. The plantlets were acclimatized in plastic pots containing sterilized vermiculite. The survival rate was 100 % when maintained in the culture room condition (25 ± 2 °C). Screening of the antibacterial, antioxidant activity and estimation of total phenolics and flavonoid content of methanolic extracts of micropropagated plants were also carried out and compared with that of the wild-grown plants. In all the tests, methanolic extract from wild-grown plants showed higher antioxidant, antimicrobial activity, total phenolics and flavonoid content than in vitro propagated plants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - Character Association in Improved Mulberry Genotypes Exhibiting Delayed Leaf Senescence
Doss, S. G Chakraborti, S. P Roychowdhuri, . S. Das, N. K Vijayan, K Ghosh, P. DMulberry (Morus spp.) is a perennial tree cultivated for its foliage to rear the domesticated silkworm, Bombyx mori L. Mulberry has improved through conventional breeding in general aims to improve the quantity and quality of leaf yield, which have direct bearing on sil MoreMulberry (Morus spp.) is a perennial tree cultivated for its foliage to rear the domesticated silkworm, Bombyx mori L. Mulberry has improved through conventional breeding in general aims to improve the quantity and quality of leaf yield, which have direct bearing on silk productivity. Leaf senescence is one of the major constraints, which restricts the quantity of quality leaf availability for silkworm rearing. High yielding mulberry varieties often show leaf fall in the range of 20 – 33% in tropical sericultural belts. Hence, in order to increase the leaf availability, it is essential to delay the senescence of leaves. Keeping this in view, the present study was undertaken on 9 mulberry genotypes, which were developed systematically for delayed senescence. The interrelationship among factors that contribute to growth, yield and low foliar senescence were investigated. Correlation between agronomic traits and leaf yield revealed the existence of strong positive associations among plant height, total shoot length (TSL), nodal distance (ND), leaf fall (LF), number of leaves/ plant (NLP), fresh and dry weight of 100 leaves (FWL & DWL), leaf area (LA), leaf area index (LAI), above ground biomass (AGB) with leaf yield. However, leaf harvest index (LHI) had a strong negative correlation with leaf fall % and leaf yield. Significant improvement in the important growth and yield attributing charactersviz., FWL, DWL, LA, AGB, LHI and LAI contributed to a higher yield in CT44. Path co-efficient analysis revealed the direct positive effect of the characters viz., AGB (1.233), LHI (0.449), NLP (0.217), and LA (0.181), on leaf yield. From the studies it is concluded that low leaf fall coupled with high LHI can be considered for the selection of varieties with delayed leaf senescence in mulberry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - Effect of Land Fragmentation on Smallholders’ Productivity in Imo State, Nigeria
Onwuchekwa Iheke Ebuka Amaechi -
Open Access Article
101 - Seasonality and Profitability: The Case of Smallholder Tomato Farmers in Thyolo District, Malawi
Daniel Matemba -
Open Access Article
102 - Factors underlying farmers’ choice of market information system in Lilongwe, Malawi
Fredy Kilima Thokozani Chikuni -
Open Access Article
103 - Awareness of Food Nutritive Value and Eating Behaviors Among Peri-Urban Vegetable Farmers: Implications for Extension Services and Rural Education
Uzoh Nwagbo David Okoronkwo Chimagbanwe Mbah -
Open Access Article
104 - Socio-Economic Factors influencing the Participation of Smallholder Vegetable Farmers in High-Value Markets A case study of Arumeru District, Tanzania
Happiness Huka Fredy Kilima Alban Mchopa -
Open Access Article
105 - Econometric Analysis of Access to Agricultural Extension Workers’ Service and its Implication on Crop Yield in Tigray Region, Ethiopia
Berihun Kassa Hailu -
Open Access Article
106 - Optimum Farm Plan for Food Security among Smallholder Farmers in Imo State, Nigeria
Ohajianya, D.O Enwerem, V.A Offodile, P.O Onyeagocha, S.U.O Osuji, M.N Nwaiwu, I.U Henri-Ukoha, A Echetama, J.A -
Open Access Article
107 - Optimum Farm Plan for Food Security among Smallholder Farmers in Imo State, Nigeria
Ohajianya D. O Enwerem V. A Offodile P. O Onyeagocha S. U. O Osuji M. N Nwaiwu I. U Henri-Ukoha A Echetama J. A -
Open Access Article
108 - Technical Knowledge and Information Gaps among Smallholder Farmers in the Production of Sugarcane in Kakamega County, Kenya
Gilbert Odilla Abura Raphael Mwiti Gikunda Godffrey NyongesaNato -
Open Access Article
109 - پایبندی به استاندارد جهانی GAP و سودآوری: مطالعة موردی کشاورزان خردهپای آنانانس در آکواپم در جنوب غنا
Prince Annorدر این مطالعه، به بررسی تأثیر برداشت کشاورزان خردهپای آناناس بر تبعیت آنها از استاندارد جهانی GAP، ارزیابی میزان پایبندی کشاورزان پایند به نیازمندیهای استاندارد، و مقایسة متوسط سود مزرعهای کشاورزان پایبند و غیرپایبند به استاندارد جهانی GAP در آکواپم در منطقة شهری جنو Moreدر این مطالعه، به بررسی تأثیر برداشت کشاورزان خردهپای آناناس بر تبعیت آنها از استاندارد جهانی GAP، ارزیابی میزان پایبندی کشاورزان پایند به نیازمندیهای استاندارد، و مقایسة متوسط سود مزرعهای کشاورزان پایبند و غیرپایبند به استاندارد جهانی GAP در آکواپم در منطقة شهری جنوب غنا پرداختیم. برای این منظور از دادههای مزرعهای که از 150 کشاورز آناناس جمعآوری شده بودند، استفاده شد. این کشاورزان به صورت تصادفی انتخاب شدند. یافتههای تحقیق نشان داد که برداشت کشاورزان پایبند به استاندارد جهانی GAP این بود که بازار برای محصولات گواهیشده مبلغ بالاتری را پرداخت میکند به همان شکلی که درمورد محصولات ارگانیک داریم. عوامل موثر بر عدمپایبندی کشاورزان به استاندارد جهانی GAP عبارتند بودند از هزینة بالای پایبندی به استاندارد، قیمت مزرعهای غیررقابتی و عملکرد مزرعهای پایین. هرچند متوسط سود مزرعهای کشاورزان پایبند (64/9083 سدی غنا) بیش از کشاورزان غیرپایبند (62/8893 سدی غنا) بود، اما این اختلاف معنیدار نبود. ازجمله پیشنهادات این مطالعه این بود که دولت غنا و بخش خصوصی باید به صورت هماهنگ روی ایجاد مؤسسه ملی مبادلة کالایی کار کند تا این موسسه سیستم بازاریابی شفاف و کارآمدی برای کالاهای کشاورزی اصلی غنا ایجاد بکند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - -Impact of Climate Variability on Cool Weather Crop Yield in Ethiopia
آرگا آدم بلای کاسا دگی گوشو ماجالیوا موانجالوThe research examined effect of climate variability on yield of the two dominant cool weather cereals (wheat and barley) in central highland and Arssi grain plough farming systems of Ethiopia using eight round unbalanced panel data (1994-2014). The stochastic frontier m MoreThe research examined effect of climate variability on yield of the two dominant cool weather cereals (wheat and barley) in central highland and Arssi grain plough farming systems of Ethiopia using eight round unbalanced panel data (1994-2014). The stochastic frontier model result revealed that production inputs for producing wheat and barley in the two farming system had significant effect. Crop season rainfall increment had negative and significant effect on technical efficiency of smallholders to produce wheat as to the model result. Technical efficiency of two crops responded differently for cropping season rainfall variability, in which wheat had negative and significant interaction with it while barley had positive. Given this, cropping season temperature had significant and positive effect on technical efficiency of both wheat and barley. Having this into account, yield of the two crops responded similarly for changes in production inputs like working capital, human labor and fertilizer. In general, rainfall inconsistency at the different stages of the production period had strong effect on yield of the two crops. Given this, the study forwarded an assignment to plant scientists in order to have further investigation on how the two crops responded differently to temperature variability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - فرآیند تصمیم گیری کشاورزان در شرایط تغییر اقلیم: توسعه یک چارچوب مفهومی
طاهر عزیزیخالخیلی توماس آئنیس میثم منتی زاده غلامحسین زمانیدر دهه­های اخیر، تغییر اقلیم و خشکسالی اثر زیادی بر نظام­های کشاورزی داشته و چالش­های جدی برای کشاورزان، خصوصاً کشاورزان خرده مالک، جهت سازگاری با این قبیل اثرات ایجاد کرده است. بخاطر اثرات نامطلوب وقایع شدید آب و هوایی بر جهان به ویژه در مناطق خشک، سازگاری Moreدر دهه­های اخیر، تغییر اقلیم و خشکسالی اثر زیادی بر نظام­های کشاورزی داشته و چالش­های جدی برای کشاورزان، خصوصاً کشاورزان خرده مالک، جهت سازگاری با این قبیل اثرات ایجاد کرده است. بخاطر اثرات نامطلوب وقایع شدید آب و هوایی بر جهان به ویژه در مناطق خشک، سازگاری بخش کشاورزی با این تغییرات بسیار حیاتی است. بنابراین کشاورزان بایستی تصمیمات پیچیده­ای برای کاهش اثرات نامطلوب تغییر اقلیم و کسب مزیت از فرصت­های پیش رو اتخاذ کنند. یکی از جنبه­های مهم برای سیاستگذارن جهت یاری رساندن به کشاورزان در راستای سازگاری با اثرات تغییر اقلیم مثل خشکسالی، فهم دقیق از فرآیند تصمیم­گیری کشاورزان و شناخت سازه­های تاثیرگذار بر تصمیمات شان در مواجه با تغییر اقلیم می­باشد. این مقاله در تلاش است تا چارچوبی مفهومی از سازه­های موثر بر الگوی تصمیم­گیری کشاورزان جهت سازگاری با تغییر اقلیم و ارتباط بین این سازه­ها فراهم آورد. باتوجه به نتایج بدست آمده، سازه­های اقتصادی، دانش، انگیزه­ها و اهداف، نتایج محسوس سازگاری، هنجارهای اجتماعی و شخصی، درک از تغییر اقلیم، درک از ریسک و موانع، نگرش نسبت به تغییر اقلیم، درک آتی از تغییر اقلیم، و ارزیابی ذهنی از تغییر اقلیم و فعالیت های سازگاری می­تواند تصمیم­گیری کشاورزان برای سازگاری با تغییر اقلیم را تحت تاثیر قرار دهد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - طراحی مدل نظام دانش و اطلاعات کشاورزی در مزارع خرد دهقانی: مورد مطالعه استان سیستان و بلوچستان
محمد غفوریان کوروش روستا سید داود حاجی میررحیمی نظام دانش و اطلاعات کشاورزی، یکی از عناصر مهم و ضروری برای توسعه و تصمیم­گیری اجتماعی، اقتصادی و کشاورزی در مزارع خرد دهقانی است. با توجه به وجود چالش­هایی در دسترسی کشاورزان خرد دهقانی، این تحقیق در همین ارتباط با هدف طراحی مدل مناسب و کارآمد برای ن More نظام دانش و اطلاعات کشاورزی، یکی از عناصر مهم و ضروری برای توسعه و تصمیم­گیری اجتماعی، اقتصادی و کشاورزی در مزارع خرد دهقانی است. با توجه به وجود چالش­هایی در دسترسی کشاورزان خرد دهقانی، این تحقیق در همین ارتباط با هدف طراحی مدل مناسب و کارآمد برای نظام دانش و اطلاعات کشاورزی در مزارع خرد دهقانی استان سیستان و بلوچستان انجام گردید. روش مورد استفاده در این پژوهش توصیفی بود. برای گردآوری داده­های لازم از پرسشنامه و برای سنجش روایی پرسشنامه از میانگین واریانس استخراج شده و برای تعیین پایایی از روش پایایی ترکیبی استفاه شده است. جامعه آماری این پژوهش کلیه کارشناسان و مدیران مرتبط با حوزه­های تحقیق، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی و کارشناسان موضوعی استان سیستان و بلوچستان بود. حجم نمونه با استفاده از فرمول کوکران 217 تعیین شد. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده­ها از روش معادلات ساختاری و نرم افزار PLS و SPSS استفاده گردید براساس نتایج بارهای عاملی زیر مؤلفه­های استخراج شده از مدل معادلات ساختاری شامل افزایش منابع اطلاعاتی، بازدیدهای مزرعه­ای، تقویت مراکز خدمات، سازگاری کمتر یافته­های تحقیقاتی و وجود مراکز خدمات جهاد کشاورزی دارای بیشترین بار عاملی بوده و تأثیر معناداری در الگوی نظام دانش و اطلاعات بهره برداری مزارع خرد دهقانی داشتند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - Socio-Economic Factors Influencing Adoption of Energy–Saving Technologies among Smallholder Farmers: The Case of West Pokot County, Kenya
Andiema Chesang Everlyne Nkurumwa Oywaya Agnes Amudavi Mulama DavidFuel wood provides the main source of energy for cooking and space heating for over 80 percent of households living in Kenya. The heavy reliance on the biomass energy has exerted an imbalance in demand and supply consequently resulting in adverse environmental effects i MoreFuel wood provides the main source of energy for cooking and space heating for over 80 percent of households living in Kenya. The heavy reliance on the biomass energy has exerted an imbalance in demand and supply consequently resulting in adverse environmental effects in Kenya. As part of innovation efforts, several energy-conserving technologies have been developed. A unique cook stove named Maendeleo was developed and promoted in Kenya and more so, West Pokot County, northern of Kenya, with the goal of reducing the quantity of wood households use for energy, and ultimately reduce pressure on local forests. However, despite the demonstrated technological multiple benefits and the institutional promotional efforts of the Maendeleo stove technology; the adoption level of this innovation has remained low. An important question investigated in this study was what makes potential users not utilize such valuable innovations? Socio-cultural, economic, political and institutional barriers are considered to contribute to low uptake of such innovations. This study therefore, sought to assess socio- economic factors influencing the adoption of the Maendeleo stove in the rural setting of Kapenguria Division. A survey research methodology with ex-post facto design was employed. The results showed that the age of the respondents had the highest influence on the non-adoption of the Maendeleo stove. Given the relatively low adoption level of Maendeleo stove in the county, and the projected increase in the number of people relying on biomass, this study recommends that the government and development partners put in place a programme for the promotion and dissemination of Maendeleo stove. There should be further investigation into the adoption behavior of the respondents on the reasons for non-adoption and discontinuance of use of the Maendeleo stove. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - Microfacies and sedimentary environments of Gurpi and Pabdeh Formations and the type of Mesozoic– Cenozoic boundary in Fars province, Iran
Mohammad Bahrami Mahnaz Parvanehnezhad Shirazi -
Open Access Article
115 - Knowledge of God and Self-Knowledge; The Influence of the Thoughts of Rūmī on Paulo Coelho's The Alchemist
Nāser Nāseri TāzehshahriAccording to his audience's ability to understand, Jalāl ad-Dīn Rūmī uses allegories and folk tales for expressing spiritual love and mysteries. He believes that folk tales are a means of transcendence for knowledge lovers. Rūmī tells the antecode of "a man of Baghdad a MoreAccording to his audience's ability to understand, Jalāl ad-Dīn Rūmī uses allegories and folk tales for expressing spiritual love and mysteries. He believes that folk tales are a means of transcendence for knowledge lovers. Rūmī tells the antecode of "a man of Baghdad and the hidden treasure" to his disciples to interpret the famous hadith " whosoever knows himself knows his Lord". The story inspired the famous Brazilian writer, Paulo Coelho who wrote The Alchemist and became well-known all over the world. By using descriptive-analytical method, the present article deals with the question to what extent has Coelho been influenced by Rumi's mystical thoughts on the subjects of knowledge of God and self-knowledge? The result of the study shows that Rumi's mystical thoughts about unity of Being, manifestation of the Truth, softness of heart, the hidden treasure and divine knowledge, the language of love, the old wise man, cast a shadow over the whole story of The Alchemist. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - The Language of Symbols in The Alchemist and Islamic Mysticism: A Comparative Study
حافظ حاتمی محمدرضا نصر اصفهانی Artists, poets and mystics use Language of Symbols to convey artistic and abstract concepts. Paulo Coelho in his allegorical novel, The Alchemist, uses such terms as the spirit of the world, the language of spirit, personal dream, Love and the like. Closer study More Artists, poets and mystics use Language of Symbols to convey artistic and abstract concepts. Paulo Coelho in his allegorical novel, The Alchemist, uses such terms as the spirit of the world, the language of spirit, personal dream, Love and the like. Closer study of his works shows that he is familiar with Islamic mysticism. The influence of Islamic mysticism on his works is the subject of the present article. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - The effect of LHRH-A2 alone and in combination with pimozide on induction of final maturation in Three-spot gourami (Trichogaster tricopterus)
T. Naji H. Hosseinzadeh sahafi G. Shakibaian M. K. Jazebizadeh Sh. Ejtemaei MehrThe effect of LHRH-A2 alone and combined with dopamine antagonist (pimozide) on induction of final maturation were investigated in Three-spot gourami. Therefore, 80 female fish were evaluated in 8 treatments. The fishes in different groups were treated with LHRH-A2 (2, MoreThe effect of LHRH-A2 alone and combined with dopamine antagonist (pimozide) on induction of final maturation were investigated in Three-spot gourami. Therefore, 80 female fish were evaluated in 8 treatments. The fishes in different groups were treated with LHRH-A2 (2, 8 µg per fish), pimozide (50µg per fish) and the combination of LHRH-A2 (2, 8 µg per fish) and pimozide(50µg per fish), there were 3 groups as control. Controls received the mixture of DMSO/PG (1:9) and FIA/Saline (1:1). One group also was inject. 7 days after injection the mean of gonadosomatic index percentage and histological structures of ovary were compared with control groups. Statistical analyses showed that the results of second (GSI%: 4/477) and fifth (GSI%: 5/027) Treatments in comparison with control group (GSI%: 2/92) were significant (P<0.05). This result was approved by histological study. Histological results showed that fifth treatment was more effective on induction of final maturation in Three-spot gourami. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - Assessment of Ecological Potential of Bolhasan- e- Dezful Area For Tourism by using MCDM
S. A. Jozi N. Moradi Majd H. AbdolahiBolhasan forest region with 5725 hectare area lies in north east of Dezful city. The region belongs to natural forests and tourist areas in Dezful. This area of creates appropriate potential to develop tourism. Tourism is largest and fastest growing industry in the worl MoreBolhasan forest region with 5725 hectare area lies in north east of Dezful city. The region belongs to natural forests and tourist areas in Dezful. This area of creates appropriate potential to develop tourism. Tourism is largest and fastest growing industry in the world. در توسعه سریع صنعت توریسم، سریع ترین رشد در بخش اکوتوریسم بوده که بین 5/2 تا 7 درصد سریع تر از سایر بخش های توریسم توسعه یافته اسThe rapid development of tourism, the fastest growth in the ecotourism sector has been developed between 5.2 to 7 percent faster than other sectors.Tourism as a dynamic industrial development with characteristics expansionist plays important role in the world economy. Growth of this industry in each country requires effective strategy and program management. ارزیابی توان اکولوژیکی مناطق در راستای کاربری توریسم به عنوان ابزاری برای حصول به این هدف شناخته شده است.Evaluation of ecological tourism potentials areas in order to register as a tool is known for achieving this goal. In this regard, and given the ecological specificity of Bolhasan area, evaluation of the conditions in the region was fulfilled by weighing the criteria with Hierarchy Analysis Process (AHP) in the Expert Choice soft ware. In this research, evaluation of the criteria, by AHP, Geographic data systems was followed by display of ecological power status by means of such method and transfer of the inputs on the map. Results of the research indicate that about 18.74% equivalent to 4419 hectares of area have been very desired for tourism, extensive, 21.18% equivalent to 1232 hectares of area with desired and 7.7% equivalent to 84 ha, with possible undesirable and 87.32% equivalent to 1881 hectares of area have be very desired for tourism focus, 6.15% equivalent to 882 ha area with desired and 61.51% equivalent to 2970 hectares with power is undesirable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - The prophet of Islam in shakkour’s epic poem
Zahra khosravi Fatemah al-sadat arfaThe contemporary Christian literary figure of Lebanon, George Shakkour, is especially sincere to God's Messenger (PBUH) and his family. His works include "Malhame al-Rasoul (PBUH) (An Epic Poetry on the Messenger)" composed in more than 1000 verses mentioning the MoreThe contemporary Christian literary figure of Lebanon, George Shakkour, is especially sincere to God's Messenger (PBUH) and his family. His works include "Malhame al-Rasoul (PBUH) (An Epic Poetry on the Messenger)" composed in more than 1000 verses mentioning the historical events of God's Messenger (PBUH) life from birth to death. Shakkour has represented God's Messenger (PBUH) as friendship and kindness messenger in this epic poetry, and has recognized him as the heir to previous messengers following their methods and styles. He emphasizes that God's Messenger(PBUH) have had peculiarities making him deserve the prophetic mission and be acceptable by people beforehand. Meanwhile, Shakkour has outlined The Messenger's moral virtues and peculiarities, and praises his safekeeping, honesty, loyalty to promise and contract, and his patience and perseverance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - Divine and Evil Inspiration from the Viewpoint of Mullā Sadrā
سیدصدرالدین طاهری منا فریدی خورشیدیHuman spirit in his trans-substantial and intensifying motion toward ascending ark (qaws su‘ūdi) goes up to a level in which he deserves to receive some kinds of internal impulses (khawatir). These internal impulses are divided into two types: some of them come fr MoreHuman spirit in his trans-substantial and intensifying motion toward ascending ark (qaws su‘ūdi) goes up to a level in which he deserves to receive some kinds of internal impulses (khawatir). These internal impulses are divided into two types: some of them come from God which are revealed to man’s heart and are called divine inspiration (ilhām) and others come from evil sources and are called evil inspiration or temptation (ilqā’). Divine inspiration occurs either through a mediator or directly and without mediator. Therefore, the mediated inspiration are mediated or explained by a mediator, usually an angel. Ilqā’, the exact opposite of ilhām, is a demonic inspiration. The straggle between angelic and demonic forces, in man’s heart, is an unending straggle. Dhikr (reciting the names of God) pushes the demonic forces away so the angelic ones will become dominant. It happens when all forces of man’s soul completely cooperate with each other, under the dominance of Divine Power (quwwa qudsīya). But when man’s soul engages in sensual desires and ignores God’s remembering the estimative faculty (quwwa wahmīya) will become dominant and it provides an opportunity for demonic forces. This straggle will continue until one side triumph over the other. However, in most people, because of the dominance of sensual desires, evil forces will become victorious. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - Novel synthesis of Pyrimido[4,5- e] [1,3,4] thiadiazines as potential 15- lipoxygenase inhibitors
Abdolhassan Doulah Masoud Mirzaei Mohsen Nikpour Yaghoub Farbood -
Open Access Article
122 - Arylazo derivatives of some fluorinated β-diketones and their metal complexes
Muhammed Basheer Ummathur Krishnannair Krishnankutty Damodaran Kamalakshy Babu Philip Marina Philip -
Open Access Article
123 - Silica sulfuric acid mediated protection of carbonyl groups as 2,4- dinitrophenylhydrazone
Mehdi Fallah-Mehrjardi Ali Reza Kiasat -
Open Access Article
124 - The Effects of Vitex Agnus Castus and Foeniculum volgare Alcholic Extract on HPG Axis and Spermatogenesis of NMRI Mice
راحله فاضلی عبدالحسین شیرویVitex agnus castusand Foeniculum volgare are phytoestrogeic herbs native to the Middle East and southern Europe. They have clinical usage in so many countries. In this research, the effects of Vitex agnus castus fruit extract and Foeniculum volgare seed extract were inv MoreVitex agnus castusand Foeniculum volgare are phytoestrogeic herbs native to the Middle East and southern Europe. They have clinical usage in so many countries. In this research, the effects of Vitex agnus castus fruit extract and Foeniculum volgare seed extract were investigated on spermatogenesis and Testosterone, LH and FSH Hormon of male NMRI mice.This is an experimental study in which adult male mice were chosen and divided into 3 groups: control, vehicle, and experimental. Animals were daily injected (i.p.) with 100 , 200 mg/kg of Foeniculum volgare seed extract and 200 , 300 mg/kg of Vitex agnus castus and synthetic dos of Vitex agnus castus (300) + Foeniculum volgare (200) for 15 consecutive days. Then the animals were weighed and eventually killed. 2 weeks after the last injection.Testosterone and LH, FSH serum hormone of animal was assayed .The caudal part of the epididymis was used for sperm counting. After macroscopic investigation (weight, diameter and volume of Testes and weight of epididymis) tissues were fixed in Buinand#39;s fixative. Tissues were cut at 5 andmu;m, stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (Handamp; E).Collected data was analyzed by the SPSS software by using one-way ANOVA. No significant differences in volume, weight and diameter of testes and weight of epididymis was seen. Significant reduction in LH, FSH and Testosterone hormon in all of experimental group was seen. Light microscopic studies showed a significant reductionin in number of germinal cells and several holes that were found scattered in the tubules and Testis also showed a general disarrangement in various germinal elements of seminiferous tubules in doses of 200 , 300 vitex agnus castus and synthetic dose. Result of sperms count indicated a significant decreasing of spermatozoa in all of experimental groups. Vitex agnus castus and Foeniculum volgare contains essential oils, iridoid, glycosides, flavonoids diterpenes, and essential fatty acids. The results suggest that its contraceptive effects is related to its flavonoids and essential fatty acids but further studies is needed to focus on the pharmacokinetics of this plants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - The Effect of Celery (Apium graveolens) Extract on the Pituitary – Gonad Axis in Adult Male Mice
مهرداد مدرسی غلامرضا قلمکاریCelery (Apium graveolens) has many therapeutic effects. This plant has many phytoestrogens that can affect on the reproductive endocrine system and can reduce fertility .In this study, Hydro alcoholic extracts of celery leaves on the pituitary -gonad axis in male mice o MoreCelery (Apium graveolens) has many therapeutic effects. This plant has many phytoestrogens that can affect on the reproductive endocrine system and can reduce fertility .In this study, Hydro alcoholic extracts of celery leaves on the pituitary -gonad axis in male mice of Balb/C was investigated. The samples were randomly divided into 5 groups (three treatment groups, placebo and control). Celery leaves hydro alcoholic extract in different doses (50, 100,150 mg/kg/2day) was injected (IP) for 20 days. The Placebo group was used for injection of normal saline. The samples were randomly divided into 5 groups (three treatment groups, placebo and control). Celery leaves hydro alcoholic extract in different doses (50, 100,150 mg/kg/2day) was injected (IP) for 20 days. The Placebo group was used for injection of normal saline. After 10 injections, samples bloods were analyzed for FSH, LH and testosterone using RIA method and compared with control groups. Concentrations of FSH in 100 and 150 mg/kg decreased significantly while LH and testosterone concentrations in all experimental groups decreased (Pandlt;0.05) .This study showed dose-dependent negative effect of celery extracts in the pituitary - gonad axis in male mice Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - The Effect of Camphor on Leydig Cells and Concentration of Testosterone and LH Hormones in Adult Male Mice, Balb/C Strain
مریم عابدینی وحید حمایت خواه جهرمی محسن فروزانفر حسین کارگر جهرمیCamphor is a plant from Lauraceae family. Investigations have shown that this plant has probably impression on controlling of sexual power. In this investigation, camphorandrsquo;s effect on spermatogenesis procedure has been worked out.Investigated parameters are the n MoreCamphor is a plant from Lauraceae family. Investigations have shown that this plant has probably impression on controlling of sexual power. In this investigation, camphorandrsquo;s effect on spermatogenesis procedure has been worked out.Investigated parameters are the numbers of Leydig cells, sperm and testosterone concentration and LH. We use 36adult male mice with average weight of 34 andplusmn; 1 gr and age of 10 weeks.The animals divided to 9 groups with 4 animals in each group. The control group received no injection. The sham group received olive oil as camphorandrsquo;s dissolver. The treatment animals received camphor solution in concentration of 5,20 and 50 mg/kg(b.w) each amount 0/02 cc intraperitioneally for 2 weeks. Treatment group were sacrificed 1 day after the last injection and the posttreatment group 1 week after that. After injection, the animals were weighed.Then bloodsampling and sacrificed. The results show significant increase at P andlt; 0/05 in the number of Leydig cells and sperm and concentration of testosterone and LH in treatment animals than control animals. Thus due to increase of the mentioned hormones and the number of Leydig cells and sperm it is concluded that camphor may cause increasing of spermatogenesis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - Study Effect of Fenugreek Seed Extract on HPG Axis and Spermatogenesis in Male NMRI Mouse
عبدالحسین شیروی بهناز نجفی هومن شجیعیPopulation control is an important problem in the society that performs by chemical contraceptive drugs. Today, using the safer methods with lesser side effects and the usability of them for men were concerned more than before.In this research, the effects of fenugreek MorePopulation control is an important problem in the society that performs by chemical contraceptive drugs. Today, using the safer methods with lesser side effects and the usability of them for men were concerned more than before.In this research, the effects of fenugreek seed were studied on the spermatogenesis. Itand#39;s hopeful; this study could present a new drug in population control that use by men.In this study, the mature male mice, NMRI strain, 3 month old (30andplusmn;3 g) were used. Animals were divided into the four experimental groups and the one control (8 mice in each group). Experimental groups were obtained 70, 140, 280 and 560 Ml/kg dosage of alcohol extracts of fenugreek seed during 16 days. In this period, control group was obtained physiological serum by intraperitoneal injection. Then in 17th day, animalsand#39; blood was taken for hormone assays of measuring the testosterone, LH and FSH hormones. After that, animals were morphometrically and histologically studied and testis weight and volume, epididym weight and the number of sperms in epididyms. Statistical results were analyzed by ANOVA, tukey test (pandlt;0.05). There were no significant differences between testis weight and volume and epididym weight between experimental and control groups. There were no significant differences in testosterone and LH levels between experimental and control groups, but there was significant difference in FSH level between them.Significantly decrease was observed in the number of sperm in epididym between experimental and control groups. Obvious decreasing of sperms in the result of reduction of FSH level, confirm that the fenugreek seed extract effects on decreasing of male reproductive activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - Effect of hypervitaminosis A in the embryonic period and study effects on testosterone and gonadotropin hormons in mature period in male Rat.
لیلی حسین پور عبدالحسین شیروی محمدتقی قربانیانVitamin A involved in many physiological actions such as vision, reproduction, developing of epithelial tissue, embryo differentiation, growing and development of brain and spinal cord. Although Vitamin A used as an antioxidant compound for treat of epilepsy, effective MoreVitamin A involved in many physiological actions such as vision, reproduction, developing of epithelial tissue, embryo differentiation, growing and development of brain and spinal cord. Although Vitamin A used as an antioxidant compound for treat of epilepsy, effective on reproduction and treat of Alzheimer disease, but it isnand#39;t known yet mechanisms that act. This study is done in order to Effect of hypervitaminosis A in the embryonic period and study effects on testosterone and gonadotropin hormones in mature period in male Rat. After determining pregnancy, pregnant animals divided into 5 groups, randomly. Experimental groups 1, 2, 3, on gestational days 8.5, 10.5, 12.5 and 14.5, injected by 10, 20 and 30 mg/kg Retinoic acid as intraperitoneal. Then animals rest and do child birth. On time of Puberty (10 weeks), from male animals in all of groups get blood for determining amount of hormones.Results showed although receiving RA by pregnant mothers donand#39;t cause to produce significant difference on level of hormones but itand#39;s effect donand#39;t mark on steroidogenesisof future generation in maturity stages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
129 - The effect of the "FoeniculumVulgare" seed extract on Gonadothropic Hormones and Testosterone in male Rats
طاهره رضایی آهوانویی عبدالحسین شیروی کیوان کرامتیIn recent years, different methods have been employed to prevent pregnancy with ultimate aim of controlling human population. Treatment of some disease by alternative medicine as opposed to the traditional medicine associated with unwanted side effects has been found he MoreIn recent years, different methods have been employed to prevent pregnancy with ultimate aim of controlling human population. Treatment of some disease by alternative medicine as opposed to the traditional medicine associated with unwanted side effects has been found helpful. Use of FoeniculumVulgare has been identified as tranquilizer, anti spasm, elimination of digestive difficulties and reduction of maleandrsquo;s sexual hormones. Therefore, this investigation was mainly conducted to measure the possible effect of this Herbaland#39;s extract on maleand#39;s hormones production. In this research, several rates were divided into four experimental groups and one control group. Experimental groups were injected with 35, 70, 140 and 280 mg/Kg of this herbal extract and the control group received only saline. The results showed that the testosterone and LH level in experimental groups from dosages of 35 to 280 mg/Kg had meaningful decrease differences not only in first but also in second week. On the contrary, no difference was observed between the experimental group with 35 doses and the control group. The result showed that the meaningful differences also existed in the FSH hormone level between experimental group with 280 mg/Kg and the others groups just in second week. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - The effect of intraperitoneal injection of alcoholic extract Foeniculum vulgare seed on gonadotropic and testosterone hormones in male wistar rats
سیده فهیمه میرسید عبدالحسین شیروی میترا حیدری نصرآبادیAlways population increase is assumed one the main problems of societies and population control with chemical drugs is one of the most human concern.Side effects of use this drugs drives human to use of vegetable drugs. Foeniculum vulgare is one of them witch this curre MoreAlways population increase is assumed one the main problems of societies and population control with chemical drugs is one of the most human concern.Side effects of use this drugs drives human to use of vegetable drugs. Foeniculum vulgare is one of them witch this current study addressed to survey the effect of its seed alcoholic extract on gonadotropin hormones changes. In this study is used the male rat of wistar race 2-3 month aged (with the approximated weight of 190andplusmn;10 gr). Animal was classified to four experimental group and one control groups. Four experimental group for 15 days was received the doses of 35,70,140,280 mg/kg of fennel seed alcoholic extract. At this time was inject the physiology serum to control group intraperitonealy(IP). During experimental take place blood sampling from animals in 7 and 15 to asses the hormone and the testosterone hormone such as LH, FSH was evaluated with considering to results the level of LH, FSH in case group in first week has significant difference to control group at sometime and decreasing trend in dose of 35 to 280 mg/kg. Furthermore the levels of these hormones in second week at case groups show the significant difference with decreasing trend. This is Warthy to say that the level of testosterone hormone has significant difference only between first and second week. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - Investigation on the Effect of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle on LH, FSH and Testosterone Hormones in Adult Male NMRI Mice
زیبا مظفری نسیم حیاتی رودباری کاظم پریور شیوا ایرانیNanoparticles have widespread application in all aspects of modern life because of unique features of them as small size and high surface area Several studies have been done to explore the probable detrimental effects of nano-particles on human reproduction. The objecti MoreNanoparticles have widespread application in all aspects of modern life because of unique features of them as small size and high surface area Several studies have been done to explore the probable detrimental effects of nano-particles on human reproduction. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles on LH, FSH and testosterone hormones in adult male mice. In the present study, 30 NMRI mice were divided into 5 groups. Single injection with different doses of zinc oxide nano particles were applied intraperitoneally (250, 500 and 700 mg/kg). Then serum level of LH, FSH and testosterone hormones were measured using ELISA method. The results were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey test. The results showed that zinc oxide nanoparticles in 250 and 700 mg/kg doses caused a significant increase in FSH and testosterone level in blood serum respectively compared with control group. This study showed that effects of nano zinc oxide is dose-dependent and Causes increase in Testosterone and FSH hormones while caused no significant change in LH hormone level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - The Study of the Protective Effect of Chieko Fruiton the Damage of Testes Tissue in Rats Treated with Cadmium
زهرا صالحی جهرمی وحید حمایت خواه جهرمی الهه سامانی جهرمیCadmium is dangerous due to the properties such as persistence and accumulation in the environment. The aim of this study is of the protective effect of chieko fruiton the damage of testes tissue in rats treated with cadmium. This experimental study was performed MoreCadmium is dangerous due to the properties such as persistence and accumulation in the environment. The aim of this study is of the protective effect of chieko fruiton the damage of testes tissue in rats treated with cadmium. This experimental study was performed on 42 adult maleWistar rats. The rats were divided in to 7 groups. The control group received food and water. Sham1 group wereinjected with 0.2 ml distilled water. Sham2 group was injected with 0.2 mg/Kg B.W.Cadmium. Sham3 group wereinjected with 100 mg/Kg B.W. chieko extract. The experimentalgroups1, 2 and 3 in the first day of testing, 0.2 mg / Kg B.W. Also cadmium(0.2 mg/Kg B.W.) and50, 100 and 200mg / Kg B.W. chieko extractwas injected to the experimental 1, 2 and 3 groupsrespectively. After 14 days, the mice hearts were bled and the serumlevelsof their sex hormone were examined.Data was collected by using SPSS software and by one-way variance analytical tests (ANOVA) in significance P Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - Protective and Therapeutic Effect of Leech Saliva on Spermatogenesis Parameters and Secretion of LH, FSH and Testosterone Following Busulfan Administration in Male Wistar Rats
Tayebeh Sadeghi Seyed Ebrahim Hosseini Mohammad Amin Edalatmanesh Mohamad KhaksariBusulfan disrupts testicular function. Given the importance of the effects of leech saliva in the treatment of various diseases, this study aimed to investigate the effect of leech saliva on spermatogenesis and secretion of LH, FSH and testosterone following administrat MoreBusulfan disrupts testicular function. Given the importance of the effects of leech saliva in the treatment of various diseases, this study aimed to investigate the effect of leech saliva on spermatogenesis and secretion of LH, FSH and testosterone following administration of busulfan in rats. Experimental 60 male Wistar rats aged 2.5 to 3 months with a weight of 200-220 g were randomly divided into 4 groups of 15 (control, leech saliva, busulfan, and busulfan + leech saliva). The busulfan group received intraperitoneal injection of busulfan at a dose of 10 mg / kg twice daily for 21 days. The leech saliva group received 1000 µg / kg leech saliva after 56 days from the first day of the experiment for 56 days. Subcutaneously injected, and the busulfan + saliva group received 10 mg / kg of busulfan saline at 1000 µg / kg saline, subcutaneously after 35 days of the second day of busulfan administration for 56 days. Five rats in each group were anesthetized on day 14, 28, 56 after injection and blood samples were taken from the heart to measure testosterone, LH, and FSH hormones. Statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t-test were considered significant at P Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
134 - Investigating the Effect of Cinnamaldehyde on the Changes of Bax, BCL2, TGF-β Genes Expression in Cancer Cells of Rat’s Gastric Tissue by Dimethylhydrazine
Saber Gharatapehloo Tahereh Naji Abdolreza MohammadniaThe studies showed Bax and Bcl2, as very important genes in the process of apoptosis that can prevent cancer. The role of TGFβ gene has been also proven as a very important gene in the process of invasion and metastasis in cancers. This study aims at evaluating the MoreThe studies showed Bax and Bcl2, as very important genes in the process of apoptosis that can prevent cancer. The role of TGFβ gene has been also proven as a very important gene in the process of invasion and metastasis in cancers. This study aims at evaluating the expression changes of these three very important genes in cancer cells of rat gastric tissue by Dimethylhydrazine. In this study, forty male Wistar rats and 53 weeks old rats were evaluated and were divided into four ten-groups. The control group received only water and food, the second group received carcinogens without Cinnamaldehyde, the third group received only Cinnamaldehyde and the fourth group received carcinogens with Cinnamaldehyde at the same time. Then, the gastric tissue of rats was isolated and evaluated for the expression of Bax, Bcl2 and TGFβ genes with real-time PCR. The data was analyzed with one-way Anova using SPSS. The results of statistical analysis showed that the expression of in the carcinogen receptor Cinnamaldehyde increased in Bax, decreased in Bcl2 but increased in TGFβ genes compared with the control group, respectively. The results of this study showed that Cinnamaldehyde can be altered by changes in the expression of genes and it is hoped that in further researches, Cinnamaldehyde be considered as a candidate for therapeutic supplements. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
135 - Comparative Study of Pituitary Extract, LHRH, and Thyroxine on Sex steroids, Histochemistry and (Labeo rohita) Producing Fatty Acids
Ehsan Eslamizadeh Hadideh Mabudi Laleh Roomiani Mehran Javaheri Baboli Mojdeh Cheleh Mal Dezfooli NezhadThis study aimed at assessing the comparative effect of pituitary hormones, LHRH, and thyroxine on hormonal indices and ovarian fatty acids of Labeo rohita. Blood samples were taken before injection, between the first and second injection, after the second injection and MoreThis study aimed at assessing the comparative effect of pituitary hormones, LHRH, and thyroxine on hormonal indices and ovarian fatty acids of Labeo rohita. Blood samples were taken before injection, between the first and second injection, after the second injection and after ovulation, using a 5 ml plastic syringe from the tail stem. According to the measurement results, at the time between the first and second injections, after the second injection and after ovulation, the levels of estradiol, testosterone, 17-alpha hydroxy progesterone, cortisol and LH reached their peak levels in the pituitary and treatment receiving 50 μg dose had the lowest body weight in treatments receiving LHRH and control (P <0.05). Among thyroxine-receiving treatments, increasing thyroxine levels could significantly increase the hormones stimulating the maturation process (P <0.05). Pituitary receiving treatment and thyroxine receiving 50 μg per body weight had the highest amount of ovarian protein (P <0.05), with 16.70 and 15.99% dry weight and two LHRH and control treatments had the lowest ovarian protein level (P <0.05). Regarding fat, thyroxine-receiving treatments had a significantly higher amount compared to pituitary, LHRH, and control (P <0.05). The highest amount of saturated fatty acids (ΣSUF) with values of 63.15 and 58.73% of dry weight to the pituitary receiving treatment and receiving 50 μg per body weight and the lowest amount of this parameter with 54.55 and 50.14% dry weight belonged to the control and LHRH recipient, respectively. C17: 1 and C18: 1n9c fatty acids in the range of 3.43-4.77 and 3.28-5.40% of dry weight and C24: 1n9 fatty acids in the range of 0.03-0.18% by dry weight had the highest and lowest levels of unsaturated fatty acids (ΣPUF), respectively. Both pituitary and 50 μg treatments of thyroxine had higher total omega-6 (Σω6) and 3 (Σω3) fatty acids (P <0.05). The results of the present study revealed that pituitary hormone followed by thyroxine at a dose of 50 μg per body weight compared to low doses of thyroxine and LHRH were more effective in increasing the level of sex hormones involved in the process of sexual maturation and the combination of acids. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - Studying the Role of Warning Fantasies in Gaining the Identity and Critical Thinkingof Children with Emphasis on Bruno Bettelheim 's Ideas
Sayed Fahimah Ghayyum Nia Bijan Zahiri Nav Mohammad Reza Shad ManamanAbstract The warning fantasy is of the fantasies which presents the most fundamental problems of human society in an imaginative mold. This kind of fantasy gives information about one of the most important aspects of child's e MoreAbstract The warning fantasy is of the fantasies which presents the most fundamental problems of human society in an imaginative mold. This kind of fantasy gives information about one of the most important aspects of child's existence; that's, his own identity and the others in the layers of narrative story. We have investigated, in this article, the methods of finding the identity, critical thinking, and the recognition of oneself and the other in an analytic – descriptive way. We have concentrated on " children need the story " from Bruno Bettelheim to attain a better perception of the child and juvenile's mentality and mental structure. Our investigation showed that most studied fantasy stories emphasize on the preservation of the environment, altruism, finding identity as speculation. The writers of these works enumerate the difficulties and disasters of the story characters to their readers in an indirect way; and without pretending being teachers. They transfer their recommendations in a fantasy mold to their readers. On the other hand, the most significant type of thinking is the instructive thinking. The most important restitution of this kind of thinking is creativity which is an important phenomenon and valuable in the child development and must have a special stance in the life of a child. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
137 - Studying and Analyzing " The Aynolhaghigha " from Mohammad Mir Zivaroddin Padeshah Saheb
Ghobad Mehrpour Ahmad Reza Yalameha Maryam MahmudiThe present paper deals with the studying of the Aynolhaghigha manuscript from Mohammad Mir Zivaroddin Padeshah Saheb (died in 1151) who was Afghani mystic and poet in Farsi language. The unique manuscript of the book is kept with code number of 5610 at the central libr MoreThe present paper deals with the studying of the Aynolhaghigha manuscript from Mohammad Mir Zivaroddin Padeshah Saheb (died in 1151) who was Afghani mystic and poet in Farsi language. The unique manuscript of the book is kept with code number of 5610 at the central library of Tehran university. The present research which has been done in descriptive-analytic method is to answer the question: What is the theme and the main topic and content of the Aynolhaghigha? The findings of the study indicate that this book is didactic and mystical which has been written in ethics and theoretical and practical mysticism. Its topic is in mystical positions, stages, perilous situations, the condition of devotee and the wayfarer, and the maxims of the mystics specially the Oveysiyeh sect. This book presents the thoughts and the speculations of the author which is in poetry and prose. And its prose section is consisting of mystical texts and lacks of complexity. Mir Zivaroddin always uses simple and short sentences because his aim is to make his disciples grasp the main points. Of the major privileges of the Aynolhaghigha is having a comprehensive information about the Oveysiyeh sect and Nagshbandiyeh sects and their religious leaders which can be used as a reference mystical book. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - بررسی اثر دو نوع فعالیت ورزشی بر کاتابولیسم چربی و کربوهیدرات در مراحل لوتئال و اوایل فولیکولار چرخه قاعدگی زنان فعال و غیر فعال
مهسا محسن زاده فرح نامنی فریبا آقایی -
Open Access Article
139 - The effects of fortifed Alhaji (Alhaji maurorum L.( on performance and blood metabolites of laying hens
, A NobakhtThis experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of fortifed Alhaji (Alhaji maurorum L.) with 1% urea on egg production, egg traits, blood biochemical parameters and blood cells of laying hens. In this experiment 192 Hy- line W36 laying hens w MoreThis experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of fortifed Alhaji (Alhaji maurorum L.) with 1% urea on egg production, egg traits, blood biochemical parameters and blood cells of laying hens. In this experiment 192 Hy- line W36 laying hens were used from 65-76 weeks of age in 4 treatments, 4 replicates and 12 hens in each replicate in a completely randomized design. Experimental groups included: 1) control group and 2-4 groups with 1.5, 3 and 4.5 percentages of Fortifed Alhaji (FA). FA had signifcant effects on performance, egg traits, blood biochemical parameters and blood cells of laying hens (P<0.05). The highest amounts of egg weight, egg production percentage, egg mass, the best feed conversion ratio, the lowest feed cost for production each kilogram of egg, the highest egg color index and the highest amounts of Hematocrits, Hemoglobin and red blood cells were observed by using 4.5% FA. The lowest blood albumin and the highest blood HDL were obtained in treatment contained 3% FA. The overall results indicated that using 4.5% fortifed Alhaji, has positive effects on performance, egg traits, blood parameters and could reduce the production cost in laying hens. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - The effects of different levels of Alhaji maurorum L. on performance, egg traits and blood biochemical and hematological parameters of commercial laying hens
A. Nobakht,This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of Alhaji maurorum L. on egg production,egg traits and blood parameters of commercial laying hens. In this experiment 144 Hy- line )W36( laying henswere used from 65-76 weeks of age in 4 treatment MoreThis experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of Alhaji maurorum L. on egg production,egg traits and blood parameters of commercial laying hens. In this experiment 144 Hy- line )W36( laying henswere used from 65-76 weeks of age in 4 treatments, 3 replicates and 12 hens in each replicate in a completelyrandomized design. Experimental groups included: 1( control group, 2( group with 1.5, 3 and 4.5 percentage ofAlhaji maurorum L. Different levels of Alhaji maurorum L. had signifcant effects on performance, egg traitsand blood metabolites of laying hens )p<0.05(. The highest amounts of egg mass, the highest egg productionpercentage, the best feed conversion ratio, and the lowest price of feed intake for production per kilogram of eggwere resulted by using 3% of Alhaji maurorum L.. 3% of Alhaji maurorum L. signifcantly improved special eggweight, egg yolk color and eggshell surface/eggshell weight. The lowest percentage of heterophile, the highestpercentage of lymphocyte and the lowest ratio of heterophile/lymphocyte were resulted by using 3% of Alhajimaurorum L. Different levels of Alhaji maurorum L. did not have any signifcant effects on blood biochemicalparameters of laying hens )p>0.05(. The overall results indicated that in commercial laying hens using 3% ofAlhaji maurorum L. without having any adverse effects on blood parameters, improve the performance and eggtraits of laying hens and decreased the amount of feed price for production each kilogram of egg. Using Alhajimaurorum L. in laying hens diets is an effective way in weeds control of agriculture crops Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
141 - Comparison of three types of GNRH administration in heat synch program on pregnancy rate and LH surge in dairy cows
T. Taktaz Hafshejani, S. Khadivi Boroujeni, فرشاد Babakhanian Boroujeni,The increasing human population and the reduction of animal food sources in the other side led researchersinto effective strategies for increasing livestock production. In this case if we can increase pregnancy rates incow herds will reach our goals faster. Purpose of t MoreThe increasing human population and the reduction of animal food sources in the other side led researchersinto effective strategies for increasing livestock production. In this case if we can increase pregnancy rates incow herds will reach our goals faster. Purpose of this study was to determine the effects of three different typesof Gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) on the pregnancy rate and surge of LH hormone levels in heatsynchronization program. This study done on 130 cows in three separate groups. This was conducted in primarygroup with injection of 15μg (3cc) Buserelin Acetate by commercial brand of Vetocept® on zero day ,second groupwith injection of 100μg (1cc) Gonadorelin Acetate by commercial brand of Gonabreed® on zero day and thirdgroup by injecting 12/6 μg (3cc) Alarline Acetate (Luliberin A) by commercial brand of Vetarolin® on zero dayand continued for all three groups on next 7 days injection of 500μg, PGF2α by commercial brand of estroPLAN®and next 24 hours injection of 1mg Estradiol Benzoate with commercial brand of Vetastrol®. Pregnancy rates forthe frst group 34/14%,second group 40% and the third group 38/63%, respectively. and LH hormone Surge rateafter 1 hours later for the frst group 2/44, second group 1/59, third group 2/30,respectively. It is concluded thatpregnancy rates were higher in Gonabreed® Group than two other groups, but no statistically signifcant differencewas seen among them.(p>/05) in Vetocept® group surge of LH hormone was more than two other groups butthere was no signifcant difference among them. (P>/ 05) as well as there was no signifcant statistical differencebetween pregnancy rates of cows with normal postpartum uterine Examination in three groups. (p>/05) In additionto it, there was no signifcant statistical difference between pregnancy rate of cows with abnormal post partumuterine Examination but pregnancy rates in this group of cows was lower.(p>/05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
142 - Stylistic study of the novel “Salha-ye Abri” by Ali Ashraf-e Darvishian
Neamatollah Iranzadeh Tahereh SepahvandTo date Narrative literature, as an integral part of literary works, has not been extensively investigated in Iran. Among such works, the ones with a tone of local color in them are more prominent. One such instance is a novel “cloudy years&rdquo MoreTo date Narrative literature, as an integral part of literary works, has not been extensively investigated in Iran. Among such works, the ones with a tone of local color in them are more prominent. One such instance is a novel “cloudy years” written by A. A Darvishian. In this article stylistic aspects of this novel in terms of diction, syntax, and figurative language is analyzed. The most distinctive stylistic feature in the novel is the use of native Kermanshahi words and on syntactic level frequent use of short verbs and sentences is prominent. These characteristics help depict the exact description of the events in different scenes of the story. The author has made ample use of literary devices such as allusions, proverbs, similes, and in particular animism. Manuscript profile -
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143 - Dvkwdlhglwehgoweyhgo;i Ehgukweuk;ewquk; Lghlwuwuhuk;w Lhgolhow;rhgow;ruho Jkegwhowr
pouneh hamzeh pouneh hamzehDvkwdlhglwehgoweyhgo;i Ehgukweuk;ewquk; Lghlwuwuhuk;w Lhgolhow;rhgow;ruho Jkegw howr Dvkwdlh glwehgoweyhgo;i Ehgukweuk ;ewquk; Lghlwuw uhuk;w Lhgolhow;rh gow;ruho Jkegwho wrDvkwdlhglw ehgoweyhgo;i Ehgukweuk ;ewquk; Lghlwuwuhuk;w Lhgolhow;rhgow;ruho Jkegwhowr Dvkwdlhglwe MoreDvkwdlhglwehgoweyhgo;i Ehgukweuk;ewquk; Lghlwuwuhuk;w Lhgolhow;rhgow;ruho Jkegw howr Dvkwdlh glwehgoweyhgo;i Ehgukweuk ;ewquk; Lghlwuw uhuk;w Lhgolhow;rh gow;ruho Jkegwho wrDvkwdlhglw ehgoweyhgo;i Ehgukweuk ;ewquk; Lghlwuwuhuk;w Lhgolhow;rhgow;ruho Jkegwhowr Dvkwdlhglwehgoweyhgo;i Ehgukweuk;ewquk; Lghlwuwuhuk;w Lhgolhow;rhgow;ruho Jkegwhowr Dvkwdlhglwehgoweyhgo;i Ehgukweuk;ewquk; Lghlwuwuhuk;w Lhgolhow;rhgow;ruho Jkegwhowr Dvkwdlhglwehgoweyhgo;i Ehgukweuk;ewquk; Lghlwuwuhuk;w Lhgolhow;rhgow;ruho Jkegwhowr Dvkwdlhglwehgoweyhgo;i Ehgukweuk;ewquk; Lghlwuwuhuk;w Lhgolhow;rhgow;ruho Jkeg whowr Dvkwdlhglwehgoweyhgo;i Ehgukweuk;ewquk; Lghlw uwuhuk;w Lhgolhow;rhgow;ruho Jkegwhowr Dehgoweyhgo;i Ehgukweuk;ewquk; Lghlwuwuhuk;w Lhgolhow;rhgow;ruho Jkegwhowr Dvkwdlhglwehgoweyhgo;i Ehgukweuk;ewquk; Lghlwuw uhuk;w Lhgo lhow;rhgow;ruho Jkegw howr Dvkwdlhglwehg oweyhgo;i Ehgukweuk;ewquk; Lghlwuwuhuk;w Lhgolhow;rhgo w;ruho Jkeg whowr Dvkwdlhglwe hgoweyhgo;i Ehgukwe uk;ewquk; Lghlwuw uhuk;w Lhg olhow;rh gow;ruho Jkegwhowr Dvkw dlhglwe hgo weyhgo;i Ehgukwe uk;ewquk; Lghlwu wuhuk;w Lhgolho w;rhgow;ruho Jkegwhowr Manuscript profile
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