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Open Access Article
1 - Investigating the Impact of Mineral Export Development Policy through Special Economic Zones Case study: Hormozgan Special Economic Zone
nader nosrat abadi hossain Vazifehdoost HamidReza SaeedniaBackground and Aim: Considering the importance of developing mineral exports through special economic zones as one of the key issues in the policy and vacuum of theoretical research related to special economic zones, the present study has a practical approach and aims t MoreBackground and Aim: Considering the importance of developing mineral exports through special economic zones as one of the key issues in the policy and vacuum of theoretical research related to special economic zones, the present study has a practical approach and aims to investigate the pattern of mineral exports from It has been through special economic zones.Method: This research is a combination of qualitative and quantitative. The researcher first with the qualitative research method and data approach of the foundation and by interviewing seventeen experts and customs managers and managers of mineral export companies through the analysis of interviews and in the second study with a quantitative method, while preparing a questionnaire in Authorized 384 people.Results: The results of model fit indices: fit index with a value of 0.884, softened fit index with a value of 0.872, adaptive fit index with a value of 0.962, incremental fit index with a value of 0.9s.Conclusion: The results showed that; In the form of a model, including six main dimensions including structural factors, mineral exports, Iran's advantage in mineral exports, updating customs laws, environmental conditions and promoting mineral marketing and thirty-one sub-dimensions are presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis of Chaerophyllum macrospermum in spring and summer, and its relation with soil mineral elements in rangelands of Urmia Soluk waterfall in Iran
Jalil Khara Farogh Soleymani Maasomeh RabieaeThe symbiosis of plants with microorganisms and other living organisms helps maintain and sustain plant species. In this research, the effect of soil mineral elements with colonization and some soil characteristics on the population of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal spor MoreThe symbiosis of plants with microorganisms and other living organisms helps maintain and sustain plant species. In this research, the effect of soil mineral elements with colonization and some soil characteristics on the population of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal spores in rhizosphere of Chaerophyllum macrospermum in spring and summer season in rangelands of Urmia Soluk waterfall in 2018 was done. The statistical results show that season and station have a significant effect on the amount of AMF spores in the local rhizosphere of the plant. The percentage of mycorrhizal colonization in summer was higher (172.26%) than spring. Also, the number of spores in the soil, the percentage of symbiosis (as root length colonization) and seasonal factor had a significant effect on the essential oil yield of the plant and the highest yield of essential oil was observed in summer. By decreasing the amount of phosphorus in the rhizospheric soil, the colonization percentage was increased. The proper indigenous type of mycorrhiza helps to absorb water, nutrients, potassium, phosphorus and nitrogen of the plant, which has resulted in increased plant life and growth under severe environmental conditions. Considering the importance of mycorrhizal symbiosis and its interaction with soil mineral elements, this information can be effective in the development of cultivation of medicinal plant Chaerophyllum macrospermum. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Evaluation of the Inhibiting Effect of Copper Oxideon Root Growth and Density in the Vicinity of Subsurface Irrigation Nozzles
Adel Aminpour Hosseinali Bahrami Hojjat Ghorbani VagheiBackground and Aim: Due to the population growth and the increase in global demand for food security, the correct use of water and soil resources, especially in arid and semi-arid regions, is necessary and inevitable. Providing water sources in agricultural and garden l MoreBackground and Aim: Due to the population growth and the increase in global demand for food security, the correct use of water and soil resources, especially in arid and semi-arid regions, is necessary and inevitable. Providing water sources in agricultural and garden lands by clay irrigation method has been customary in arid and semi-arid regions of Iran for a long time. However, the development of this method has not received much attention due to the invasion of the roots into the clay nozzles and the clogging of the pores caused by the growth of algae, fungi, and bacteria. One of the main goals of this article is to provide a practical solution to combat root invasion towards the wall of clay subsurface irrigation nozzles (porous clay capsules). This research seeks to investigate the effect of copper oxide added to the porous clay capsule wall in inhibiting root invasion. Method: This research aims to reduce the density and distribution of roots in the vicinity of porous clay capsules, by investigating the effect of copper oxide on the wall of the clay nozzle as an inhibitor of root movement in the form of a completely randomized design with 4 treatments with zero concentrations (control). 1000ppm, 5000ppm and 10000ppm copper) in 3 replications in the research greenhouse of Tarbiat Modares University in 1401 on sweet pepper variety 302. In this experiment, the volume, length and dry weight of root, fresh weight of leaf and stem, dry weight of leaf and stem and ratio of dry weight of leaf/root were measured at the end of vegetative growth stage of the bell pepper plant. Results: The results showed that copper levels did not have a significant effect on the volume and length of the bell pepper plant's root, but it had a significant effect on the dry weight of the root. The highest root dry weight (3.27 grams) was obtained at the probability level of 5% corresponding to the level of 10000 ppm of copper sulfate. Also, the results of the investigation of the root distribution system showed that the distribution of the root distribution in the control treatment was the same in all directions, while in the 10000 ppm copper sulfate treatment, this distribution was severely limited around the wall of the clay nozzles, so that the most the root accumulation around the nozzles was related to the control treatment and the lowest root accumulation was visible in the 10000 ppm treatment. The results showed that the highest development of the root system around the nozzles was related to the control treatment and the lowest was observed in the 10000 ppm treatment in the control treatment, the porous clay capsule were heavily invaded by plant roots and the roots completely surrounded the porous clay capsules. Therefore, adding copper sulfate to the wall of the porous clay capsule and fixing it in its pores as copper oxide has had positive effects in inhibiting the invasion of plant roots into clay nozzles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Evaluation of Some Mineral Elements and Heavy Metals in Rapeseed, Alfalfa, and Spinach after Irrigation with Different Levels of Domestic Waste water
Hamid Mozafari Amir Hossein Shirani Rad Jahanfar DaneshianIntroduction: Some mineral elements and heavy metals such as cadmium and lead if consumed regularly for a long period might be quite harmful to human health. In order to investigate the effects of domestic waste water on some mineral elements and heavy metals three plan MoreIntroduction: Some mineral elements and heavy metals such as cadmium and lead if consumed regularly for a long period might be quite harmful to human health. In order to investigate the effects of domestic waste water on some mineral elements and heavy metals three plants namely rapeseed, alfalfa, and spinach were selected and the experimental works were carried out at research station at Islamic Azad University, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, in the year 2011.Materials and Methods: A factorial experiment in randomized complete block design with three replications was implemented. Experimental factors including irrigation water with different degrees of pollution in four-level including the control were applied to rapeseed, alfalfa, and spinach plants.Results: The results indicated that there was significant differences between mineral elements namely potassium, phosphorus and sodium and the concentrations of these elements were highest in the plants that were irrigated with domestic waste water as compared to the control. The concentrations of cadmium and lead did not show significant differences among the sample examined.Conclusion: Irrigation with refined domestic waste water increased mineral elements such as sodium, potassium and phosphorus however significant differences were not observed among heavy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - The Relationship between Body Composition and Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women
Mandana Gholami Neda Ghassembaglou Hojatollah Nik Bakht Fariba EslamianIntroduction: Osteoporosis is a skeletal system disease that is characterized by the low bone mass. The major consequence of this disease is bone fractures that occur more in weightbearing areas such as vertebrae, femur and even non weight-bearing joints such as wrist. MoreIntroduction: Osteoporosis is a skeletal system disease that is characterized by the low bone mass. The major consequence of this disease is bone fractures that occur more in weightbearing areas such as vertebrae, femur and even non weight-bearing joints such as wrist. The purpose of this study was to describe the relationship of body composition and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 50 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, aged between 45 and 65 years who were recruited from Sina hospital in Tabriz. Body mass, fat mass, lean body mass, and bone mineral density at the spine and femoral neck were measured. Skinfold thickness was determined by caliper. Bone mineral density was measured by DEXA at the spine and femoral neck. Association between parameters of body composition and bone mineral density analyzed using a multiple regression analysis.Results: The body composition parameters indicated that only lean body mass had a significant relationship with osteoporosis in the femoral neck (R2 =0.271, P<0.05) and in the lumbar spine (R2=0.088, P<0.05).Conclusion: Our data indicated that from the body composition parameters, lean body mass is a powerful predictor of osteoporosis. Using this model, females at risk of osteoporosis can be identified; therefore early prevention and treatment are possible. This can also prevent unnecessary expenses of diagnostic procedures for people without the risks of osteoporosis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Composition of Seed Flour of Selected Nigerian Tea (Camellia sinensis) Clones – A Comparative Study
L. E. Yahaya C. O. Jayeola S. O. Ogunwolu A. Olalekan-Adeniran A. F. Okunade -
Open Access Article
7 - Water Pollution Averting Expenditures (Case Study of Ahvaz City)
َAmir Hossein Montazer-Hojat Mohammad MohebiBackground and Objective: Health is one of the issues with a great significance for all members of a society. People always try to protect themselves from harmful effects of pollution; hence, the averting behavior on their part. The present study has tried to estimate t MoreBackground and Objective: Health is one of the issues with a great significance for all members of a society. People always try to protect themselves from harmful effects of pollution; hence, the averting behavior on their part. The present study has tried to estimate the net potable water pollution averting expenditures for citizens of Ahvaz. Material and Methodology: ­A multinomial logit model was estimated where the water quality parameters (color, odor and taste) were introduced in order to account for both direct desirability and health retention-induced desirability at the same time. In this study, averting behaviors included buying mineral water bottles, commercial treated water containers, and mounting a domestic water treatment system. The respondents’ socioeconomic features were controlled. Awareness of the status quo or a person’s prior experience with tap water pollution was introduced as the perceived risk variable. Findings: The results showed that the individuals’ willingness to [pay for tap water replacements were 1350, 1105, and 382 thousand Rials for mineral water, commercial treated water containers, and home water treatment systems, respectively. Additionally, it was found that expenses made for mineral and home- treated waters overestimated the averting costs. Figures obtained for annual net averting expenditures were 1890, 1548, and 534 billion Rials for mineral water, commercial treated water, and home- treated water, respectively. Summing up those three figures, the overall net averting expenditures were 3972 billion Rials which indicated the imposition of a huge cost on the society. Discussion and Conclusion: The obtained figure can be used as a basis in cost-benefit analysis of water treatment plant improvement projects in Ahvaz, as well as payment of environmental subsidies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Study of Physical, Geochemical and Mineralogical Properties of Dust in Lorestan Province (Case Study: Kuhdasht Constituency)
Hamid Alipor Kazem TaleshiBackground and Objective: The phenomenon of dust is one of the biggest serious environmental problems in arid and semi-arid regions. More than two thirds of Iran is located in this climate. This phenomenon can damage infrastructure and agricultural products and cause a MoreBackground and Objective: The phenomenon of dust is one of the biggest serious environmental problems in arid and semi-arid regions. More than two thirds of Iran is located in this climate. This phenomenon can damage infrastructure and agricultural products and cause a lot of economic damage. Therefore, since the study area is in the western part of Iran and is highly exposed to dust. On the other hand, so far no comprehensive study has been conducted in this field in the region, so this research is a necessity. Scientific and practical objectives of the research include: Investigating the diversity of soils in the region and their relationship with landforms in the region, Investigating the temporal distribution of dust characteristics in the region, Investigating the soil characteristics of the study area and Hur al-Azim wetland in Khuzestan This is a phenomenon. Material and Methodology: For this study, Kuhdasht basin with an area of 456 square kilometers located in western Iran and southwestern Lorestan province was considered. 12 glass traps with dimensions of one square meter were installed in the area to trap dust at a height of about 2.5 meters above the ground. And seasonal dust samples were prepared during 2015. Sampling was performed for origin from the surface soil of the region and Hur al-Azim wetland. To determine the concentration of heavy metals, the chemical digestion step was performed by the ETHOS 1 microwave device made in Italy. Then, to determine the concentration of elements, atomic absorption apparatus (Perkin Elmer Analyst, 3030) with detection limit of ppm and ppb and flame technique was used and for cadmium metal concentration through graphite furnace technique. Meanwhile, the region's flower was drawn by WRPLOT software, 7.0.0. Finding: The highest rate of dust subsidence is in spring and the lowest in autumn. The average annual subsidence rate of the region is 11.51 tons per square kilometer per year. The textile class of silt sludge dust particles and the particle transfer index from areas with medium to high distances. The average concentration of heavy metals in dust is higher than the soil of the region. In general, the results showed that cadmium and zinc elements have very high pollution factor, nickel and lead have significant pollution and manganese and copper elements have low pollution. The elements cadmium, zinc and nickel, which have an enrichment factor of more than 10, are of human origin, but the element lead is of natural and human origin together, and the elements manganese and copper are of natural origin in the region. The similarity of minerals and the presence of evaporative minerals in fine dust reinforces the hypothesis that it is part of the origin of wetland and offshore particles. However, the study of chemical properties indicates the role of local resources in the generation of dust. Discussion and Conclusion: The main flow of dust in all seasons in the study area is from cross-border areas. The amount of dust is highest in spring and lowest in other seasons, which is lowest in autumn. The particle size distribution class is silty loam, which indicated the presence of resources at medium to relatively close distances to the area. The rate of subsidence in the region indicates the type of regional dust. The concentration of heavy metals in dust is high in winter and the element zinc has the highest amount. The level of pollution index of all elements indicates the spread of pollution in the region. Clay mineralogy showed that the presence of evaporative minerals strengthens the hypothesis of wetland origin and transboundary. In general, this study showed that the deserts of the mentioned neighboring countries and dust sources of Khuzestan province (located in the south of the region) are the main sources of dust in the region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - CO2 emissions reduction by using local mineral pozzolan as part of cement in concrete with a pollution reduction approach
Mojtaba Rangrazian Rahmat Madandoust Reza Mahjoub Mehdi RaftariBackground and Objective: Global warming is caused by the emission of greenhouse gases, mainly (CO2). Reducing greenhouse gases and monitoring the environment are important goals of today's mankind. Cement factories are the main producers of greenhouse gases. The main g MoreBackground and Objective: Global warming is caused by the emission of greenhouse gases, mainly (CO2). Reducing greenhouse gases and monitoring the environment are important goals of today's mankind. Cement factories are the main producers of greenhouse gases. The main goal of this research is to find a material with cement properties (pozzolan) that can be replaced in a part of concrete cement with the aim of reducing cement consumption and reducing CO2 greenhouse gas emissions. The local mineral pozzolan under research has similar properties to world-famous pozzolans and has the relevant standards.Material and Methodology: To find the optimal amount of pozzolan in the concrete, In Sep. 2021, four cases of 5, 10, 15 and 20% by weight was studied and its effect on concrete compressive strength and CO2 emissions and its ability to reduce pollution Environmental was evaluated in comparison with conventional cement concrete. Findings: Experiments showed that the best amount of replacement of this pozzolan to cement in concrete is 15% by weight and increases the strength by 2.4%. Also, this pozzolan emits less CO2 than normal cement concrete equal to 15.20 kg/m3.Discussion and Conclusion: Considering the favorable effects of this pozzolan in strengthening the structure and reducing the consumption of cement in concrete, it can be introduced as a cement-reducing and environmentally friendly material. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Environmental Effects of Zehabad-e-Qazvin Lead and Zinc Mine
Farzad Sotohian Leila Hojjati Saeed SharifiProtection of environment is one of the most important principles of sustainable development in each country. Accumulation of heavy metals in the soil and water threaten the life of organisms in all ecosystems. The aim of the present study was to investigate the environ MoreProtection of environment is one of the most important principles of sustainable development in each country. Accumulation of heavy metals in the soil and water threaten the life of organisms in all ecosystems. The aim of the present study was to investigate the environmental effect of Zehabad-e-Qazvin Mine which is one of the active mines in Qazvin province. Exploitation of this mine lead to environmental pollution and releasing of toxic and hazardous elements by mineral processing and accumulation of waste materials into hydraulic systems (surface and ground waters) as well as soil in the region. Sampling was done on 120 soil types and 18 water samples in 7 stations in the mine zone. The results of analysis of lead and zinc in the soil and water in this region were compared to international standards of EPA and their permissible limit. The results of the present study showed that the level of lead and zinc elements in the sampling stations is more than standard level and permissible limit. Furthermore, the present study showed that the solid wastes and wastewater produced in this mine have imposed irreparable damages to environment mso-j -a �� x�� om:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";} یکی از ارکان مهم توسعه پایدار هر کشوری حفظ محیط­زیست آن است. تجمع فلزات سنگین در آب و خاک، زندگی جانداران هر اکوسیستمی را تهدید می­نماید. هدف از این تحقیق بررسی اثرات محیط­زیستی معدن زه آباد قزوین که از جمله معادن فعال این استان است، می­باشد. آلودگی محیط­زیست ناشی از بهره­برداری این معدن منجر به آزاد­سازی عناصر سمی و مضر از طریق فراوری ماده معدنی و به ویژه انباشت­های مواد باطله به داخل سیستم هیدرولیکی (آب­های سطحی و زیر زمینی) و نیز خاک منطقه گردیده است. نمونه­برداری از 120 تیپ خاکی و 18 نمونه آبی در 7 ایستگاه در منطقه معدنی صورت گرفت. نتایج آنالیزها و تطبیق آن با استانداردهای جهانی [1]EPA در مورد عناصر سرب و روی در خاک و آب منطقه و حد مجاز آن مقایسه گردید. نتایج این آزمایش بیانگر آن است که میزان عناصر سرب و روی در ایستگاه­های نمونه­برداری شده بیش از حد مجاز و استاندارد می­باشد. در این میان مشخص گردید که باطله­ها و پساب­های تولید شده صدمات جبران ناپذیری را بر محیط­زیست ناحیه وارد آورده است. 4- Environment Protection Agency Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Using Of Method Ozonetion for Mineral Water treatment
Hassan ZhianMineral water and drinking water are one of thevital and immediate needs for human beings.Depending age and weather, everybody needsabout one to two liters. The origin of %80 ofhuman diseases are unavailability of healthywater.%75 percent of people in developingcountrie MoreMineral water and drinking water are one of thevital and immediate needs for human beings.Depending age and weather, everybody needsabout one to two liters. The origin of %80 ofhuman diseases are unavailability of healthywater.%75 percent of people in developingcountries are deprived of facilities for water.Actually , healthy water scarce and expensive.Pollutions descend quality of water by changingit physically, chemically and biologically.Someof the pollutions are decadence and can bedecreased easily, like human, animal andagricultural drainages.Some of the pollutionsare undecadence , like polop and Mercury, andplastices that we should reduce them in water.In this reseach two samples of mineral waterfound in northern Mahabad, west Azarbaigan,with hardness of 42 , 36 mg/l(CaCo3) areinvestigated. Then, different amount of Ozonegas is injection in to mineral water and biologicaland chemical changes probed.The used Ozonator can produce 25 mg Ozoneper hour.We used iodometry method in order todetermine amount of ozone gas . In injection of1.25 mg/l we have done complete removal ofdiatomaceae in sample (1) and up to 99 percentin sample (2). Both had complete removal ofchlorophyceae in 1.1 mg/l complete remove ofBOD5 sample 1 in 1.1 mg/l Ozone and sample 2in 1 mg / lit ozone are produced.We had 65 percent reduction of COD for injectionof 1.2 my Ozone for sample (1) and 68 percent forsample (2).Complete disinfection is done in both by 0.5 mgper liter.In this method agreeable water is achievedbecause no chemical is used and we don’t need toprovide chemical substance . So, we can introduceOzonetion the best method for water treatment . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Genesis and Mineralogical properties as influenced by topography and ground water table and Land Suitability Evaluation for Kaftar Region of Fars Province
Abolfazl Azadi S.Ali AbtahiGenesis, classification and study of physicochemical, mineralogical and morphological properties of soils of kaftar region in the north of Fars province (Eghlid), was conducted. This region has xeric soil moisture regime and mesic soil temperature regime and its area is MoreGenesis, classification and study of physicochemical, mineralogical and morphological properties of soils of kaftar region in the north of Fars province (Eghlid), was conducted. This region has xeric soil moisture regime and mesic soil temperature regime and its area is about 10,000 hectares. The mean annual rainfall and temperature were 508 mm and 12 degrees of Celsius, respectively. The main objectives of this investigation were study of physical, chemical and mineralogical properties of soils of the region, study of effective factors of formation and genesis of soils of the region and their classification and land suitability evaluation of land under cultivation of irrigated wheat, study of soil clay minerals and their effects on formation and genesis of soils of the region. Five physiographic units consist of five physiographic units, namely gravelly colluvial fans, Piedmont plains, Low lands, Mountains and Hills were identified. Topography and the underground water table changes were known as the most important factors of soil formation of this region. Entisols, Inceptisols,vertisols and Alfisols are four soil orders that have been found. Clay mineralogy studies showed the presence of chlorite, illite, smectite, interstratified minerals, and quartz (in clay size). Illite and chlorite have inheritance origin and are generally considered to be weatherable minerals and could be changed because of transformation reactions into interstratified minerals and smectite. The result for qualitative land suitabilities have been shown critical, unfit and fairly suitable for wheat cultivation Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Using of method Ozonetion filtration mineral water
hassan jianMineral water and drinking water are one of thevital and immediate needs for human beings.Depending age and weather, everybody needsabout one to two liters. The origin of 80% ofhuman diseases is unavailability of healthywater,75%percentofpeople in developingcountriesare MoreMineral water and drinking water are one of thevital and immediate needs for human beings.Depending age and weather, everybody needsabout one to two liters. The origin of 80% ofhuman diseases is unavailability of healthywater,75%percentofpeople in developingcountriesare deprived of facilities for water.Actually, healthywater scarce and expensive. Pollutions descend thequality of water by changing it physically,chemically and biologically .Some of the pollutionsare decadence and can be decreased easily, likehuman, animal and agricultural drainages.Someof the pollutions are undecadence , like polop andMercury, and plastices. That we should reducethem in water,In this reseach two samples of mineral waterfound in northern Mahabad, west Azarbaigan, withhardness of 36 , 42 mg/l(CaCo3) are investigated.Then, different amount of Ozone gas is injectionin to mineral water and biological and chemicalchanges probed.The used Ozonator can produce 25 mg Ozoneper hourTo determine the amount of Ozone gaswe used iodometry method. In injection of 1.25mg/1 we going complete removal of diatomaceaein sample (1) and up to 99 percent in sample (2).Both had complete removal of chlorophyceae in1.1 mg/1 complete remove of BOD5 sample 1 in1.1 mg/1 Ozone and in sample in are my Ozone.We had 65 percent reduction of COD for injectionof 1.2 my Ozone for sample (1) and 68 percent forsample (2).Complete disinfection is done in both by 0.5 mgper liter.In this method agreeable water is achievedbecause no chemical is used and we don’t need toprovide chemicals. So, we can introduce Ozonetionthe best method forfiltertion water.Key words: Ozonetion, filtertion, Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Chemical composition of Theobroma cacao L (Sterculiaceae) and Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench, Syn. Sorghum vulgare Pers (Poaceae)
Akinwunmi Olubunmi Adenike Olatunde Christian Olalekan -
Open Access Article
15 - The effect of remineralizing agents on artificial caries lesions by laser Fluorescence
Zohreh Maleki MohammadReza Malekipour Leila Pishevar -
Open Access Article
16 - The efficiency of diatomaceous earth and silica in decline of eggs and adults of Agonoscena pistaciae (Hem., Psyllidae)
Sh. Torabipour s. imani Hossein Lotfalizadeh E. motalebiPistachio psylla, Agonoscena pistaciae Burckharat & Lauterer (Hem., Psyllidae), is the most important pest of pistachio orchards in Iran. It causes to reduce the quantity and quality of the product. Nowadays, because of environmental side effects, resistance develop MorePistachio psylla, Agonoscena pistaciae Burckharat & Lauterer (Hem., Psyllidae), is the most important pest of pistachio orchards in Iran. It causes to reduce the quantity and quality of the product. Nowadays, because of environmental side effects, resistance development and residues in human food the application of safe insecticides was increased in order to reduce the use of chemical insecticides. Therefore, the effect of two mineral powders was studied including diatomaceous earth and silica on A. pistaciae in the field experiment. The factorial experiment with a randomized complete block design including two types of compounds with three concentrations and six sampling times were used in the crop year 2019. Treatments were included three concentrations of diatomaceous earth (4, 6 and 8 per thousand) and two concentrations of silica (4 and 8 per thousand) and control treatment (water without mineral powders) were sprayed over the whole tree canopy. The total number of eggs and adults were counted 3, 8, 13, 18, 21 and 28 days after treatment on the randomly collected leaves. All of treatments and sampling dates were significantly different on egg of A. pistaciae and diatomaceous earth 6 per thousand (+Dimethicone) and 8 per thousand were the most efficient on the means number of eggs during 8 to 13 days after treatment. While in adult stage only 3 and 8 days after treatment significant difference was observed between treatments and two previously effective treatments on eggs, had most effect in adults reduction in the means number of adults per leaf, during 18 to 23 days after treatment. Based on this study, different concentrations of diatomaceous earth were the most effective on eggs and adults. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Mineral chemistry and thermobarometry of Eocene alkaline volcanic rocks in SW Germi, NW Iran
Mohammad Mobashergermi Reza Zarei Sahamieh Mehraj Aghazadeh Ahmad Ahmadikhalaj Gholamreza Ahmadzadeh -
Open Access Article
18 - Mineral composition and paragenesis of altered and mineralized zones in the Gadir low sulfidation epithermal deposit (Lesser Caucasus, Azerbaijan)
Novruz Novruzov Anar Valiyev Aydin Bayramov Sabuhi Mammadov Javid Ibrahimov Aygul Ebdulrehimli -
Open Access Article
19 - Investigation of alterations and lineaments in Rashid-Abad mineral area (N Zanjan, NW Iran), Using integration of Remote Sensing and Aeromagnetic data
Mahsa Seyyedi Mohammad Lotfi Arash Gourabjeripour Afshin Ashja Ardalan -
Open Access Article
20 - Identification of sand dune sources in the east Sistan, Iran by using mineralogical and morphoscopic characterization of sediments
Gholam Heidar Zoraghi Kazem Shabani Goraji محمد رضا نورا علی رضا راشکی آدام بمبای -
Open Access Article
21 - Comparison of original and weighted singularity indexin separation of Pb- Zn mineralized zone in the Haft Savaran district, Central Iran
Feridon Ghadimi Massume Khavari -
Open Access Article
22 - Magnetic rocks distribution and depth to basement analysis on an old Quarry Site, Abeokuta, SW Nigeria
Akintayo Ojo Mubor Adeloye Ismail Egbedele Feyisayo Akinwande -
Open Access Article
23 - Prognosis of of gold mineralization phases by multifractal modeling in the Zehabad epithermal deposit, NW Iran
سمیه شهبازی مجید قادری Peyman Afzal -
Open Access Article
24 - Application of mineral chemistry in determining magma fertility of the Tarom northern and southern intrusions, NW Iran
Narges Yasami مجید قادری Seyed Hedayatalah Mousavi Motlagh Mir Ali Asghar Mokhtari -
Open Access Article
25 - Extracting clay minerals with emphasis on Bentonite in Eastern Iran, using Landsat 8 and ASTER images
Saeed Saadat Maliheh Ghoorchi Rahim Dabiri -
Open Access Article
26 - Soil as a Source Contributor in Mineral Dust Fallout at Urban Industrial Residential Area
Gurugubelli Balakrishna Shamsh PervezThe components and quantities of atmospheric dusts fallout has been reported to be the pollution indicator of large urban areas. The multiplicity and complexity of sources of atmospheric dusts in urban regions (e.g. industrial complexes composed of a variety of industri MoreThe components and quantities of atmospheric dusts fallout has been reported to be the pollution indicator of large urban areas. The multiplicity and complexity of sources of atmospheric dusts in urban regions (e.g. industrial complexes composed of a variety of industrial processes, automobiles, construction activities etc.) has put forward the need of source apportionment of these sources indicating their contribution to specific environmental receptor. The study presented here is focused on investigation of source contribution estimates of dusts fallout in an urban-industrial area, Raipur, India. Six sampling sites have been identified on the basis of land use for development plan of anthropogenic activities and factors related to the transportation and dispersion pattern of atmospheric dusts. 12 samples of dusts fallout has been collected from each site (one in each month) and subjected to chemical analysis of selected chemical constituents known as markers of selected major dust emitting sources(Steel making average, Road traffic-borne dusts, construction activities, municipal waste burning, and soils). Chemical profiles alongwith SPECIATE of USEPA has been used for the preparation of source profiles. Source apportionment has been done using Chemical Mass Balance (CMB 8). Good fit parameters and relative source contribution has been analyzed and documented. Variations in source contribution estimates of selected indicator species has been occurred and justify the significant contribution of local area and line sources of dusts emission in various parts of the study region. Soil has shown different contribution for different radical. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Discrimination of Iron High Potential Zones at the Zaghia Iron Ore Deposit, Bafq, Using Index Overlay GIS Method
Behnam Sadeghi Masoumeh Khalajmasoumi Peyman Afzal Parviz MoarefvandGIS is considered an important technique as well as a prerequisite for cost effective mineral exploration and determination of high potential areas. The purpose of this research is to determine high potential iron zones for detailed exploration using index overlay GIS m MoreGIS is considered an important technique as well as a prerequisite for cost effective mineral exploration and determination of high potential areas. The purpose of this research is to determine high potential iron zones for detailed exploration using index overlay GIS method. Index Overlay was used to combine the geology, topography (scale: 1:1,000), lineaments, remote sensing (ASTER and ETM+) and geochemical data. Appropriate weights were allocated to each layer based on the significance of each data layer. Concentration-area fractal method was applied to data acquired from trenches in order to isolate iron anomalies and add them to the geochemical layer. Evaluation of the information layers along with fractal analysis, differentiated three geochemical iron populations. By combining the information layers obtained from GIS, high potential zones were determined. Regions with codes 1, 2 and 3 are the most promising areas, respectively, and are proposed for more detailed exploration and drilling. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Mineralogical and geochemical investigations of chromite ores from ophiolite complexes of SE Iran in terms of chrome spinel composition
Jamal Tarrah Zahra Abedpour Karl Strauss Thomas Schirmer Kurt MengelTen chromite ores from ophiolite complexes in SE Iran were analyzed mineralogically by XRD, chemically by XRF, and mineral chemistry by EPMA. The identified paragenesis of silicate minerals of chromite ores with the X-ray diffraction is pronounced differently. It consis MoreTen chromite ores from ophiolite complexes in SE Iran were analyzed mineralogically by XRD, chemically by XRF, and mineral chemistry by EPMA. The identified paragenesis of silicate minerals of chromite ores with the X-ray diffraction is pronounced differently. It consists of secondary phases formed as serpentine, Cr-containing chlorite (kaemmererite), chromic garnet (uarovite) with preserved partly primary minerals of peridotite parent rocks such as olivine and diopside. From the total chemical analysis by XRF results, a good correlation exists between the Cr2O3 and SiO2 content (as an index of the sum of the silicate minerals). This allows an easy decision for mine ability of chrome ores. In a relatively good correlation are also the Mg and Fe oxide contents. The mineral chemisty (EPMA analysis ) of spimel mineral provides valuable information about the the octahedral layer of the spinel,. The results of the microprobe analysis show a variation in the chemical composition of the spinel phase of a mixed crystal formation consisting of: chromite (Fe2+Cr2O4), magnesiochromite (MgCr2O4), spinel (MgAl2O4), and hercynite (Fe2+Al2O4). This becomes even more complex by the mixed crystal relationship with picotite [(Mg, Fe2+)(Cr,Al,Fe3+)2O4], which contains Fe3+ in the tetrahedral position. The chrome spinel vary inCr-numbers [100 ×(Cr / Cr + Al) = 75-92] and Mg-numbers [100 * (Mg / Mg + Fe2+) = 38-57]. The partition of iron between Fe3+ und Fe2+ was made by assuming normal spinel structure, using the formula AB2O4. Correlations of microprobe analysis indicate that the mineral chemistry of the studied spinel is characterized mainly by the divalent elements of Mg and Fe2+ in the A position and trivalent elements Cr and Al in the B position. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Application of multifractal modeling for separation of sulfidic mineralized zones based on induced polarization and resistivity data in the Ghare-Tappeh Cu deposit, NW Iran
Keyvan Karami Peyman AfzalThe aim of this study was to identify various sulfidic mineralized zones in the Ghare-Tappeh Cu deposit (NW Iran) based on geo-electrical data including induced polarization (IP) and resistivity (RS) using the concentration-volume (C-V) and number-size (N-S) fractal mod MoreThe aim of this study was to identify various sulfidic mineralized zones in the Ghare-Tappeh Cu deposit (NW Iran) based on geo-electrical data including induced polarization (IP) and resistivity (RS) using the concentration-volume (C-V) and number-size (N-S) fractal models. The fractal models were used to separate high and moderate sulfidic zones from low sulfidic zones and barren wall rocks. Both the N-S and C-V fractal models confirm that there is a high sulfidic mineralized zone in the NW part of the studied area. Moreover, the application of multifractal modeling based on the geo-electrical data is considered to be a proper approach for delineation of various mineralized zones at depth for optimization of mineral exploration operations. Finally, the results can be useful for proposing grid drilling in a detailed exploration stage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Role of Mineralogy and Geochemistry in the Beneficiation of Jajarm Bauxite from North East Iran: Comparison with some other Bauxite Deposits of the World
Habib MollaiTwo types of bauxite occur in the Jajarm Bauxite deposit, the first one is the hard bauxite and the other is the shaly bauxite or soft bauxite. The Al 2 O 3 content ranges from 30% to 60% and SiO 2 varies between 5% to 39%.The total tonnage is more than 22 million tons MoreTwo types of bauxite occur in the Jajarm Bauxite deposit, the first one is the hard bauxite and the other is the shaly bauxite or soft bauxite. The Al 2 O 3 content ranges from 30% to 60% and SiO 2 varies between 5% to 39%.The total tonnage is more than 22 million tons with a mean value of Al 2 O 3 content between 47% to 48% , SiO 2 around 10% and Fe 2 O 3 ranges between 6.95 to 27% . The Jajarm bauxite deposit shows high concentration of active SiO 2 and Fe 2 O 3 in comparison with other bauxite deposits of the world. Efforts have been made in this research to delineate the characteristics of the Jajarm monohydrate bauxites, consisting of a diaspore and chamosite mixture, to improve their chemistry by different beneficiation techniques and optimize their processing, grinding and digestion conditions for alumina production The Jajarm bauxite shows politomorphic and micro- granular texture with several secondary textural elements. The size of diaspore grains (which is the main mineral component) are generally below 10 microns, with a homogeneous matrix. In addition, for the very hard bauxite we can not do any separation between the crystal grains and the matrix because of similar hardness for both with closely packed space filling and in consequence of the absence of well- defined grain boundaries. Based on the above studies, the Jajarm bauxite can be enriched neither by grain analysis nor by magnetic separation. In this research hard bauxite was crushed between 2 to 3 inches and then samples were washed with 5% HCl. The result of this laboratory studies shows that the silica modulus has improved from 1.05 to 2.56 which indicates an increase of 29% in the Al 2 O 3 content. Jajarm laboratory s study shows that Jajarm bauxite deposit partially can be improved only by water treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Paragenesis and geochornological studies of Asnawa Iron Ore by the isotope and mineral chemistry in Penjween Area, Zagros Suture Zone Kurdistan Region, NE Iraq
Kamal H. Karim Nabaz R.H. Aziz Al-Bidary Mayssa A.A.A The Asinawa iron ore is located about 3km to the southeast of Penjween town, Sulaimaniya Governorate, Kurdistan Region, Northeastern Iraq near the Iraq-Iran border. The exposed iron ore deposit is about 60 and 400m wide and long respectively. The present st More The Asinawa iron ore is located about 3km to the southeast of Penjween town, Sulaimaniya Governorate, Kurdistan Region, Northeastern Iraq near the Iraq-Iran border. The exposed iron ore deposit is about 60 and 400m wide and long respectively. The present study is the re-study of the geology and geochemistry of the Asnawan Iron ore deposit and concluded that the country rocks are consist of hornfels in which the original lamination or banding of the parent rocks (calc-silicate low grade metamorphic rocks) are preserved and inherited from its laminated sedimentary precursors. Moreover, the facies that is associated with host rocks is hornblende-hornfels facies with temperature range of 550-650 oC. This range is confirmed through thermo barometry. There are evidences of localized pyroxene-hornfels and sanidine hornfels facies too. Additionally, the detail of the different stages of the iron ore paragenesis is shown by discussion with the aid of suitable graphical drawing and geochemical variation diagrams. By these methods, the sedimentary stratigraphic unit of the parent rock (protolith) was found for the first time which consists of Qulqula Radiolarian Formation (Kermanshah Radiolarites in Iran). The bedded chert, limestone and calcareous shale is the main lithology of the latter formation and after burial and deformation, it is regionally metamorphosed to banded and lamiated calc-silicate rocks of green facies rocks. At a later stage, these rocks, remetamorphosed (polymetamorphism pattern) again to hornfels with concurrent changing to iron ore by basic iron rich hydrothermal solutions during Eocene (37-40Ma). This age is calculated using Ar39/Ar40 method of dating. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Determination of a Conceptual Model for the Structural Features and Pb–Zn Mineralization in the North of Behabad Fault Zone, Central Iran
Ahmad Adib Shapour Mirzaei Ilani GholamReza Shoaei Peyman AfzalThe Behabad region is located within a tectono–sedimentary zone in southeast Yazd province, Central Iran. The tectonic activities have deformed and faulted the Mesozoic and Quaternary formations in this area. The faults in Kuhbanan and Behabad have played a key ro MoreThe Behabad region is located within a tectono–sedimentary zone in southeast Yazd province, Central Iran. The tectonic activities have deformed and faulted the Mesozoic and Quaternary formations in this area. The faults in Kuhbanan and Behabad have played a key role in the evolution of geological events, mineralization, and the formation of Behabad–Kuhbanan horst. These faults have separated the Posht-e-Badam block from the Tabas block and the Behabad zone from the Abdoghi–Ravar tectonic zone, respectively. Remote-sensing techniques and field observations show that the Pb–Zn veins share similar trends with the structures. The compressional system induced by the activities of the Behabad-1 and 2 fault systems have caused the formation of thrusts, drag, and sigmoidal folds, the North Behabad horst, and shear zones containing Pb–Zn mineralization. The Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) deposits and strata band mineralization types are present in the study area. In terms of the temporal phase controller, it is consistent with the tectonic-magmatic model of the Late Paleozoic–Triassic period; in terms of the spatial controller, mineralization is situated in the tectonic–metallogeny province of Central Iran and the ore deposits that mainly follow the geometry of the thrust faults’ crushed zones. The thrust fault that drives the dolomite unit over the limestone is the main cause of the ore solutions migration. According to the MVT mineralization and the correlation between structures and mineralization, the sulfide deposits can be potentially found at the base of the Permo–Triassic units in the studied area. There are several active and non-active Zn–Pb mines such as Abheydar, Rikalaghi, and Tapesorkh. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Response of Leaf area index, Chlorophyll Content and Protein Concentration of Sorghum to Application Different Rate of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Vermicompost Affected Water Stress Condition
Seyedeh Zohreh Hashemi Saeed Zakernejad Khoshnaz Payandeh -
Open Access Article
34 - Changes in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Growth and Biochemical Traits in Response to Silicon Application under Different Irrigation Regime
Hadi Pirasteh-Anosheh Yahya Emam Gholamhassan Ranjbar Hossein Sadeghi -
Open Access Article
35 - Hydrogeochemistry and environmental effects of Dalaki sulfur springs
Zahra Boosalik Nasrollah Kalantari MohammadReza Keshavarzi Zeinab AhmadnejadDalaki sulfur springs (Oba, Garuw and Rahdar), are hot sulfur springs in Bushehr province. The use of these hotwater and sulfur springs for agricultural and some diseases treatment by area residents has a long history. Originof these springs likely is mixing oil saline MoreDalaki sulfur springs (Oba, Garuw and Rahdar), are hot sulfur springs in Bushehr province. The use of these hotwater and sulfur springs for agricultural and some diseases treatment by area residents has a long history. Originof these springs likely is mixing oil saline water of Asmari reservoir rock of Dalaki oil field with water sulphateGachsaran formation place ran out are springs. This saline water has mixed with spring's water by fault systemQatar-Kazeroun that strongly influence on region. For evaluate these springs Hydrochemical state (determinetype of water and identify the major elements and some trace elements) and its therapeutic potential in the 1389sampling of spring water were performed. Type of these springs water is Na-Cl. According to study conductedBalneology of these spring water can be effective in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, skin and hairrickets, and the nerves. These springs despite many health benefits, due to downstream water quality degradationand their pollution and their hydrogen sulfide have devastating environmental impacts also. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Mineralogy and geochemistry of host rocks of in the Jalal Mn ore Deposit ( South of Qom)
Mansore Mahdavi محمد Yazdi M.H EmamiJalal Manganese ore is located in the southwest of the Qom. The area is located in Uromieh-Dokhtargeological zone of Iran. The base and host rock of the area include Eocene volcanic rocks such as basalt,andesite, trachyte, rhyolite, andesite-basaltic lava and spillitic MoreJalal Manganese ore is located in the southwest of the Qom. The area is located in Uromieh-Dokhtargeological zone of Iran. The base and host rock of the area include Eocene volcanic rocks such as basalt,andesite, trachyte, rhyolite, andesite-basaltic lava and spillitic lava. The lavas are more pillow types. Theyounger andesite-basaltic dykes have been intruded to these volcano-sedimentary rocks of the area.TheMn- mineralization was hosted in the volcano-sedimentary rocks of the area. Hangingwall and footwall ofore are andesite-basaltic lava and spillitic lava. The ore mineralization was hosted as vein type withinfaults, joints and fractures. The main direction of ore mineralization is NW-SE in the several parallellayers. These layers have been known as A, B, D ore layers in the Jalal area. The surface outcrop of orelayers is about 2km and have been cut by several local faults, mainly in NW of the area. The new drillingsshow that the dip and direction of the ore layers have been changed in the dipper parts mainly to the NE.The ore minerals are mainly pyrolusite, Psilomelane, with Mn oxides and non-ore minerals are mainlycalcite and quartz. Field survey, geochemical and mineralogical studies show that the mineralization isvein epithermal type. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Coal exploratory pattern estimation by geological uncertainty and analysis of fault presence effect (Parvadeh III region)
Omid Asghari Naser Madani-EsfahaniGeostatistical simulation methods have known as a powerful tool for estimating spatial distribution of geologicaluncertainty and risk in the mining exploration. This method is used in metal mining industry very much but wasless in coal mining industry. Parvadeh III is l MoreGeostatistical simulation methods have known as a powerful tool for estimating spatial distribution of geologicaluncertainty and risk in the mining exploration. This method is used in metal mining industry very much but wasless in coal mining industry. Parvadeh III is located in east of central Iran. This deposit has 5 layers as: C1, C2,B1, B2, and D, that layer C1 was chosen as a layer which can reflect alone the specification of Parvadeh IIIbecause of low ash, lack of continuity of the coefficient of zero and first place in terms of having quality. In thisresearch, at first Sequential Gaussian Simulation (SGS) has applied in order to carbon accumulation and faultestimation. Then accumulation geological uncertainty for coal resource classification has obtained using errormaps. More optimal number of boreholes in the area, according to the 95% confidence level has determined.Since the uncertainty and risk have significant role in geological fault coal resource estimation and previousstudies estimated mineral resources and reserves of coal has also been ignored, according to these criteria thepresence of fault probability maps were determined. The places that have probability of fault presence about100% are the riskiest regions for coal resource estimation. Finally, this method can be used for subsequentanalysis to design exploratory pattern because of the high performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Petrography and mineralography of copper deposits in South Kashmar area
فرانک Fiezi S.E Haghighi-BardinehDahaneh Siah, Cheshmeh Gaz, Zangalu and Cheshmeh Zelzeleh deposits are located in Kashmar1:250000 geological map in north of Doruneh fault. This area belongs to Sabzevar zone .According tolitho logic studies, the volcanic rocks vary in composition from Basaltic Andesite MoreDahaneh Siah, Cheshmeh Gaz, Zangalu and Cheshmeh Zelzeleh deposits are located in Kashmar1:250000 geological map in north of Doruneh fault. This area belongs to Sabzevar zone .According tolitho logic studies, the volcanic rocks vary in composition from Basaltic Andesite to Andesitic Basaltand Andesite as host rock and their adjacent rock units are Limestone and Tuffs. The mineralizationare occurred in contraction fractures around the Andesitic clasts and also disseminated in Andesitefractures. Dominant texture in Dahaneh Siah deposit is Porphiritic and Trachytic, Vesicular,Amygdaloidal are distinguished too. Plagioclases vary in composition between Oligoclase andAndesine. Biotite, green and Brown Hornblende have seen together and primary Pyroxenes containDiopside, Augite and Hypersthene. Inclusions of idiomorphic Appetites exist in Fe – Mg minerals orin matrix. Accessory minerals are Magnetite, Esphen and zircon. Vesicles are filled by Calcite,Chlorite and Quartz. Plagioclases altered to Clay minerals in Cheshmeh gaz deposit. The main mineralin Zangalu is Plagioclase and accessory minerals are altered Olivine and Pyroxene. Main minerals inCheshmeh Zelzeleh are Pyroxene and Plagioclase and accessory mineral is the Olivine which isAltered to Ferro oxide and Serpentine. There is no opaque mineral in polished sections of this deposit.Paragenesis of minerals in Dahaneh Siah, Cheshmeh Gaz and Zangalu contain: Magnetite → Pyrite →Chalcopyrite → Chalcocite → Bornite → Hematite → Covellite → Copper → Malachite →Chrysocolla → Lepidocrocite → Limonite. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Heavy minerals are the best key for studying minerals and mineralization at Sirjan desert
Majid SalajegheMost of Iran is mountainous and unachievable. In fact, by studying plains and heavy minerals in them, we canfind mineralization, mineralogy and petrology of the regions surrounding it, easily. In order to the recognitionriver deposit that they were accounted as an impor MoreMost of Iran is mountainous and unachievable. In fact, by studying plains and heavy minerals in them, we canfind mineralization, mineralogy and petrology of the regions surrounding it, easily. In order to the recognitionriver deposit that they were accounted as an important economical resources. The most important goals of thesestudies are discovering diamond from metamorphic sources, gold from igneous sources in placers and iron,copper and titan in placers and its surroundings altitudes. In addition to desert studies, geology and region maps,there are basic methods in this procedure which are including sampling in proper seasons, samples' preparation,heavy mineral tests with liquids with special gravity (bromoforum), hydro cyclone studies spectrography testsand XRD that matching them with altitudes giving us the best results. Sirjan placers are accounted as the modelsfor this study, since the altitudes of Sirjan including Orumieh Dokhtar eocene volcanic and Sanandadj sirjanmetamorphic rocks in which the coloured mélange with the width of 15 k.m. Since in most samples G, gold, asPts (gram per 1000) was found. The possibility of gold sources in placers and its altitudes was large and byconsidering the existence of rutile and sphene in most samples for exploiting titan from placers, the formalexplorations were essential since most samples contain titan having abundant iron. The existence of sources fromtitan – magnetic in altitudes, also the existence of copper minerals with high carat in samples, though does notconsider the existence of placer sources from iron and copper as an economical, but consider the possibility ofthese sources in the altitudes. Uranium, gold and Hg ,Ti,Zr deposits found at sirjan placers are economical andFe,cu mines are existence in altitudes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Polymetal and Au skarn deposit determining of Oshvand index Nahavand
S.T GHafari-Hashemi Mohammad Yazdi Mohammad Fodazi امین Taghilo مهرداد MovahediOshvand Poly Metal Skarn is located 15 km East Nahavand. The index is the first metal index sheet 1:100,000Nahavand which is unique according to the dimensions, carat, and typical of skarn type. Of Geology, Oshvandarea is part of Sanandaj – Sirjan zone; Oshvand Sk MoreOshvand Poly Metal Skarn is located 15 km East Nahavand. The index is the first metal index sheet 1:100,000Nahavand which is unique according to the dimensions, carat, and typical of skarn type. Of Geology, Oshvandarea is part of Sanandaj – Sirjan zone; Oshvand Skarn is composed of penetrating a granite mass of upperCretaceous age into Paleozoic limestone. Mineral is exposed in two sections, Exo-skarn and Endo-skarnapproximately 300 meters long and 65-91 meters wide and 40 meters height.Store is composed more in the eastof skarn,, copper and iron carat was significant in all samples of skarn, and their Average carat is seriate3439ppm and 105273ppm, So for determine the deposit was used Blocking technique because obtained nearestactual tonnage. After estimating storage can expect potential more than 119 kilograms of gold, 1,717.5 tons zinc9,574 tonnes of copper and 296,355 tons of iron. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Petrography, Geochemistry and Mineralization of Pb in Hezarabad Area (Ashtian)
Alireza Haddadpour Raziyeh Mohammadi Haddi GolzarHezarabad area is located 5 km at south east of Ashtian, Markazi Province. Structurally, the area is located in theUrmia-Dokhtar magmatic belt of Iran. The basement rocks of the area are pelagic limestone, lithic tuffs, andlimestone to sandy limestone, marl, conglomerat MoreHezarabad area is located 5 km at south east of Ashtian, Markazi Province. Structurally, the area is located in theUrmia-Dokhtar magmatic belt of Iran. The basement rocks of the area are pelagic limestone, lithic tuffs, andlimestone to sandy limestone, marl, conglomerate, andesite lava and shale. Andesitic and tuff are the main hostrock of mineralization. The mineralization mostly is vein types in four trends which follow NE-SW trend oflocal faults. The mineralization can be seen also as disseminated, breccia to fills fractures and pore-spaces types.The most important ore minerals are galena, cerosite and sphalerite. The galena is associated mostly barite inlocal faults. The second important mineral is sphalerite which can be seen mostly in tunnels. 40 samples wereanalyzed by Inductive Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) for Pb, Zn, Ag, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mo,Ni. The data processing indicates high anomaly for Zn and Pb and relatively anomaly for Cu, Ag, As, Mo. Theaverage value of Pb is 34525 ppm and average value of Zn is 6108 ppm. The Mo content is reach up to 1182ppm. According to correlation diagrams, there is a high correlation between Pb and Ag and also Ag and As. Itshows that the galena is the main host of these elements. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Investigation of trace elements and rare earth elements geochemistry in Goret Pb-Zn deposit Kelardasht region (Central Alborz)
Javad Pasand Masoumi Alireza Ganji Mohammadreza Ansari Mohammad ModarresniaBase-metals sulfide mineralization in Galena and sphalerite forms with little amount of pyrite, in Mobarak andElika formation have been occurred in the studied region. Chemically, all deposit phases have compositinghemogen region. Mineralization has been followed the fa MoreBase-metals sulfide mineralization in Galena and sphalerite forms with little amount of pyrite, in Mobarak andElika formation have been occurred in the studied region. Chemically, all deposit phases have compositinghemogen region. Mineralization has been followed the fault general process in the region, and the main texturesin the ore are vein texture and open space filing. Genetically, studied deposits are epigenetic. Field featuresessentially have resulted mineralogical investigations and geochemical surveys on trace elements and rare earthelements (REE), they have included ore metals source in sulfide Pb-Zn mineralization in Kelardasht regionshowed carbonate - hosted mineralized rocks (upper Paleozoic , lower Triassic ) in deposit. In genetic relationbetween Pb-Zn mineralization in this deposit with Akapol monzonit quartz - monzodiorite intrusion (aged toupper Eocene - lower Paleocene), Were located near to studied Pb-Zn deposits, Akapol intrusion have played asrequired heating source that heated ore fluids. According to Eu negative anomalies in ore and host rock samples,and were seemed The source of hydrothermal fluids in the studied region have been the surface and atmosphericfull - oxygen water (meteoric) have been warm through closing Akapol intrusion and have been solved theelements and then have been deposited them in the host rock fault crushes, cracks and joints, and then circulationin base-metals have enriched carbonate hosted units. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - The Stream Sediments and Heavy Minerals for Au-Cu Geochemical Exploration in Nahavand’s Firozan
Vahid Rajati Mohammad Yazdi Mehrdad Behzadi Mehrdad MovahediThe studied area is located in the north of Nahavand’s Firozan, Sanandaj-Sirjan geological zone. The Cretaceousdacite, andesite, quartz-andesite and tuff are dominated rocks in the area.Granite and granodiorite intrusive rockshave been intruded to this complex. Th MoreThe studied area is located in the north of Nahavand’s Firozan, Sanandaj-Sirjan geological zone. The Cretaceousdacite, andesite, quartz-andesite and tuff are dominated rocks in the area.Granite and granodiorite intrusive rockshave been intruded to this complex. The geochemical analysis shows anomalies of Au, Ag, As, Sb, Fe, Pb andZn. The heavy minerals are magnetite, hematite, limonite, martite, oligist, pyrite, oxidized pyrite, galena,sphalerite, native copper, azurite, barite, pyrolusite, ilmenite, rutile, anataz and leucoxene that they areprincipally affiliated with anomalous zones. Also, 18 sample from mineralized zone show that noticeablegeochemical anomaly for Au, Ag, Cu, Pb, Zn and Fe. Finally, field study, mineralography, stream sediments andheavy minerals analysis show that anomalous zone in western part of the area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - The relationship between mineralogy of fluorine ore with its floatability (Case study: Kamarposht fluorine mine)
Mohammad Bagher Eslami Andargoli Mojtaba Ebrahimi Mojtaba MortazaviFluorine sample used in the study was supplied from Kamarposht (Savadkooh) Fluorine miner. First studies onKamarPosht fluorine particles is for concentrating and high grading and receive to metallurgical grade extent.asample received from accumulation of blasting orebro MoreFluorine sample used in the study was supplied from Kamarposht (Savadkooh) Fluorine miner. First studies onKamarPosht fluorine particles is for concentrating and high grading and receive to metallurgical grade extent.asample received from accumulation of blasting orebroken in mine with 100Kg weight that the 80 percent ofmaterials are under 500 micron. On Fluorine samples also microscopic studies, freedom degree and flotationtests have been done. Results of petrograghy is shown associate minerals with fluorine include quartz, calcite,barite and dolmite which can cause some problems in fluorine processing. Because of this anionic collector ofoleic acid is used on fluorine flotation tests. Also for reaching to concentration with proper grade, was been usedfrom sodium silicate inorganic depressant as depression of silicate minerals and sodium carbonate for regulationof pulp PH and metal salt of aluminum sulfate for depression of calcite.Finally %35 grade fluorin of feedreached to % 61/4 grade and % 85/88 recover by using flotation tests, that is metallurgical grade extent and mainscope of the studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Mineralography and petrography studies in Kahang exploratory zone
Maryam Farmahini Farahani Ahmad Khakzad Hooshang Asadi Mohammad Hashem Emami Iraj RasaKazerun covers one of the most precious and beautiful natural regions of Fars Province. Parishan Conservative,part ofwhich is on the east of Kazerun, is located in Kouhmareh, Nodan and Gerearea. Parishan Lake is alsocalled Famour. This comes from the name of the spring MoreKazerun covers one of the most precious and beautiful natural regions of Fars Province. Parishan Conservative,part ofwhich is on the east of Kazerun, is located in Kouhmareh, Nodan and Gerearea. Parishan Lake is alsocalled Famour. This comes from the name of the spring which is the Lakes main source of water. The sceneryduring spring and fall is very attractive, and the green and flower fields around the lake and presence of wildbirds make a very astonishing natural resort. This lake has been registered as an international pond in RamsarConvention (1971) and as a conservative region in the classification of regions. In this article, a brief study of theanimals and plants specifications of Parishan Lake before fire and also the effective factors on its destruction arepresented. At the end, there is report on the current conditions of the lake after the fire. The Methodologyincludes documentary as well as field study Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Fe-mineralization in the East-anomaly of Sangan deposit NE of Iran
Mohammad Yazdi مهرداد Behzadi Mahdi Haji-AliThe Sangan iron deposit is composed of Western, Central and Eastern anomaly. The Eastern anomaly,contrary to those two other anomalies, is composed of several scattered mineralization outcrops withlow total reserve. Sarnowsar is the main intrusive body that has been int MoreThe Sangan iron deposit is composed of Western, Central and Eastern anomaly. The Eastern anomaly,contrary to those two other anomalies, is composed of several scattered mineralization outcrops withlow total reserve. Sarnowsar is the main intrusive body that has been intruded in to the north ofEastern anomaly of Sangan iron deposit. It has monzogranitic composition. Mineralogical andchemical properties of this monzogranite is I-type, calk-alkaline with high K. It belongs to magmaticcontinental arc setting and subduction zones. The Fe mineralization in this area is related to EoceneOligocene magmatism and its magmatic and hydrothermal fluids.In the Eastern Anomaly, two types of mineralization were distinguished: 1- the magnetite skarnmineralization (high temperature) in the contact of granite and limestone or dolomitic limestone, 2-wellastonite, chlorite, hematite and goethite hydrothermal mineralization (low temperature) with orwithout barite mineralization within dolomitic limestone, calcareous sandstone and acidic volcanicrocks. In the first type, magnetite with minor pyrite and chalcopyrite as well as gangue minerals suchas forsterite, garnet, clinopyroxene, tremolite-actinolite, scapolite, phlogopite, epidote, chlorite, quartzand carbonate have been observed in the forms of massive, lens-like (parallel with limestone layers),lamination and vein-type. In the second type, mineralization has been occurred in the form of irregularmassive (centimeters to meters), replacement, disseminated, void and breccias matrix filling, vein,veinlet and stockwork, depending on the wall rock type and area structures. They are accompaniedwith alterations such as dolomitization, silicification, sericitization, carbonatization and rarelytoumalinization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Mineral deposit in south-west Tehran (south of Boeenzahra) and its environmental pollution effects
Saeedeh Senemari Seyed Naser MousaviLak is a half mountainous area located about 40 km south of Boeenzahra and at about 140km south-west ofTehran. The area is mainly covered by igneous rocks. The geological study shows that mineral deposit includesandesite to basalt igneous rocks. The andesite units conta MoreLak is a half mountainous area located about 40 km south of Boeenzahra and at about 140km south-west ofTehran. The area is mainly covered by igneous rocks. The geological study shows that mineral deposit includesandesite to basalt igneous rocks. The andesite units contains rich veins of lead and zinc. Various miningactivities in the past such as surface extraction, transportation and weathering activities have increased thepotential for distribution of heavy minerals in the soils around Lak area. Based on the completed studies heavyminerals in plant tissues and human were which identified which is shown in the result among certain variouspatients in the human population Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Geochemistry of Stream Sediments and Heavy Minerals Determination in Karghan area, NW Bostanabad
Fazel Khaleghi Arash Mohammadi KardoustKarghan Area is located in East Azarbaijan province, southeast of Tabriz and northwest of Bostanabad city. Based on the division of the structural zones of Iran, it is part of the Alborz-Azarbaijan zone. The most important geological units in the studied area are shale, MoreKarghan Area is located in East Azarbaijan province, southeast of Tabriz and northwest of Bostanabad city. Based on the division of the structural zones of Iran, it is part of the Alborz-Azarbaijan zone. The most important geological units in the studied area are shale, marl and limestone (Cretaceous), Sahand volcanic products of the age of Pliocene-Pliocoscene, Granitic intrusive, Gabrodiorite and Monzogranite, old terraces and Quaternary sediments. Regarding the spread of the area, 29 geochemical stream sediment samples and 29 heavy mineral samples were taken from the places. The anomalies of arsenic, barium, copper, lead and zinc in the region are represented by their statistical distribution type. The most important heavy minerals with lithological origin were zircon, amphibole and pyroxene. Heavy minerals of pyrite, magnetite and hematite are attributed to the mineralization holes. Heavy mineral studies indicate occurrence of malachite-copper mineralization in the region. Considering the observed anomalies in the stream sediments and heavy minerals, it is recommended detail exploration in the area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Geochemical and heavy mineral exploration in Panj area scale 1:25000, southeast of Ardestan
Alireza Soltani Mohammadi Ahmad KhakzadThe Panj area is located in the Esfahan province, 30 Km east of Ardestan with an area about 93 km2. The rockunits in this area are recognized of sedimentary, igneous, pyroclastic, sub volcanic and volcanic Rocks withEocene-pliocene age. The sampling was designed accordi MoreThe Panj area is located in the Esfahan province, 30 Km east of Ardestan with an area about 93 km2. The rockunits in this area are recognized of sedimentary, igneous, pyroclastic, sub volcanic and volcanic Rocks withEocene-pliocene age. The sampling was designed according to 253 sediments stream (-80 mesh) and 139 heavymineral samples.The samples were analyzed for 44 elements with ICP,ES,AA. The accurancy of analysis hascomputed and then data processed.The processing is included normalize of raw data, drawing normalizing,determining of geochemical uni-multi variables map and finally PCA maps. For anomaly cheking and assesmentof various element phase, is used by chip sampling in the following of this study 29 mineralized samples havetaken from alteration district. Heavy mineral anomalies map was drawn based on different ore mineral groups onthe basis of integrated and complicated data introduced 2 anomalies in this area, the first anomaly is located inwest southern and the others in east southern. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Mineralization of Copper & Silver in Jaroo area, Karaj
Shiva Shahsavar Mohammad Yazdi Mohammad Foudazi Hadi GolzarThe study area is located 59km southwest of Karaj City, in northern slopes of Mt. Jaroo. From structuralsedimentary classification point of view, the area is a small part of Orumiyeh-Dokhtar volcanic belt and frommetallogenic viewpoint; it is western part of copper-gold MoreThe study area is located 59km southwest of Karaj City, in northern slopes of Mt. Jaroo. From structuralsedimentary classification point of view, the area is a small part of Orumiyeh-Dokhtar volcanic belt and frommetallogenic viewpoint; it is western part of copper-gold zone of Saveh-Kashan-Naein. The basement rocks ofthe area are mostly lithic tuffs, andesite, dacite and diorite. Dacite to andesites are the main host rock ofmineralization. According to the field studies and drilling observation, the mineralization is vein and open-spacefilling types and it is following local faults trends. Mineralization having east-west trend has less than 1200mlength and 200m width. Its thickness (thickness of veins) reaches up to 1 to 2m. The mineralogical studies showthat malachite and azurite are observed in surficial parts of the area while chalcopyrite, chalcocite, bornite andcovellite are found at depth. The geochemical analysis of about 40 samples (outcrop and drilling) shows thatanomaly for Cu, Ag, Pb, Zn and Au. Respectively, the anomaly for Cu and Ag are too high while average gradesare for Cu about 5% and for Ag about 225 ppm. It is conclude that the Jaroo area can be considered as a smallcopper and silver deposit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Application of ASTER data for identification of alteration zones of XIV anomalies area, Bafq, Central Iran
Samira Bakhtiyari Mohammad LotfiWe studied the applicability of data from the ASTER sensor for mapping hydrothermal alteration areas and lithological units associated with Kiruna type mineralization in arid and semi-arid regions. The XIV iron oxide anomalies in the Bafq provience in Central Iran was s MoreWe studied the applicability of data from the ASTER sensor for mapping hydrothermal alteration areas and lithological units associated with Kiruna type mineralization in arid and semi-arid regions. The XIV iron oxide anomalies in the Bafq provience in Central Iran was selected for a case study. The XIV anomalies occur in a northwest–southeast-trending fault zone that is characterized by the presence of a narrow zone of alteration–mineralization. Mineralogical evidences of Kiruna mineralization is mapped by spectral processing techniques. The alteration minerals in the XIV anomalies (the related iron oxide deposit) have been successfully detected by applying ratio images, relative band depth method, false color composite, minimum noise fraction, least square fit, pixel purity index techniques on ASTER imageries. Phyllic, argillic, propylitic, silicic alteration zones and in addition to areas of secondary Fe-oxide formation can be distinguished. Results indicates that ASTER data is capable of delineating alteration footprints of an Kiruna mineral system in deposit scale exploration Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Effects of clay minerals in soil pollution
Peyman Azizi In addition to providing nutrients, soil also has a purifying property. This characteristic of the soil is obtained as a result of the physical (infiltration and movement of water through the pores), chemical (surface absorption, etc.) and biological properties o More In addition to providing nutrients, soil also has a purifying property. This characteristic of the soil is obtained as a result of the physical (infiltration and movement of water through the pores), chemical (surface absorption, etc.) and biological properties of the soil (decomposition and decay of organic matter). Clay minerals are cation exchangers and have an important effect on the storage capacity and mobility of heavy metals in the soil. There is a positive relationship between cation exchange capacity and heavy metal absorption. Kaolinite mineral does not show a significant correlation with the amount of heavy metals and forms the weakest cation-clay bond. Studies have shown that there are no polluting elements with this mineral. Minerals of the smectite group are strong cation exchangers and their presence can affect the mobility of toxic elements. Studies confirm the positive correlation between the presence of vermiculite and heavy metals, which is probably due to the higher specific levels and bonding capacity of this type of mineral. Minerals that have variable electric charge, such as iron and aluminum oxides, which have various charges from positive to negative depending on soil pH, have a large storage capacity. Surface absorption and release of heavy metals in soils is significantly controlled by the amount and proportion of secondary oxide minerals. Therefore, phyllosilicate and oxide clay minerals are effective as a surface absorbing agent for the correction and treatment of potential environmental pollution, and the capacity of trapping and surface absorption of heavy metals by them can be an important parameter for evaluating the geochemical vulnerability of an ecosystem. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Petrography and its Function for Investigation of Archaeological Materials (a Case Study: Stone )
Hamid AmanollahiArcheology, like any other scientific field of study, is on the move to fundamental changes and evolution, in a way that its transformed view might appear unfamiliar for archeologists belonging to last generations, or those unaware of its recent extensive advancements i MoreArcheology, like any other scientific field of study, is on the move to fundamental changes and evolution, in a way that its transformed view might appear unfamiliar for archeologists belonging to last generations, or those unaware of its recent extensive advancements in two decades. The most important step in promoting archeology was the adoption of archaeological field methods based on scientific principles, with specific issues of cultural studies, field tests and theory making (hypothesis) that is common in all the fields of science today. Thus, the expansion of archaeological science in recent decades and increasing attention to the interaction and the role of environmental resources - and its role in human activities as well as creation of archeological monuments – caused archeologists to be in need of other fields of science, especially basic science and engineering. About fifty years of cooperation of scientists in archeological fields such Geoarchaeology, Paleoethnobotnay, Archaeozoology, Archaeobiology, etc. as a research group, has given a new form to this branch of science. Therefore, having a group of archaeological and geological experts altogether has enhanced the analysis. In this paper it is attempted to discuss the importance of interdisciplinary sciences, methods of recognizing, and the importance of identifying rocks and archaeological studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Investigating relative water content, electrolyte leakage, phenolic compounds and activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and tyrosine ammonia-lyase enzymes in triticale leaves treated with sodium chloride and calcium chloride
Malihe Jahani Mohammad Reza Hadi Mojtaba Jafarinia Sedighe JahaniIntroduction: Considering the increasing number of saline lands due to water scarcity, it seems necessary to investigate ways to increase tolerance to salinity stress. Also, in order to overcome the negative effect of salinity stress, the use of calcium ion supplement i MoreIntroduction: Considering the increasing number of saline lands due to water scarcity, it seems necessary to investigate ways to increase tolerance to salinity stress. Also, in order to overcome the negative effect of salinity stress, the use of calcium ion supplement in the growth environment is very useful and practical to improve the stress factor.Objective: The purpose of this research was to investigate relative water content, electrolyte leakage, amount of mineral elements, antioxidant capacity, phenolic compounds and activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and tyrosine ammonia-lyase enzymes in leaves of triticale (x Triticosecale Wittmack) treated with sodium chloride and calcium chloride.Materials and methods: This experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design with 3 replications in controlled greenhouse conditions. One-week-old seedlings were exposed with sodium chloride doses (0, 50, 100 and 150 mmol L-1) and calcium chloride doses (0, 6 and 10 mmol L-1) for 5 weeks and then some physio-morphological and biochemical characteristics including leaf number and surface, relative water content, ion leakage, contents of phenolic compounds (anthocyanin, total phenol, total flavonoid, total flavonol), enzymes activity (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, tyrosine ammonia-lyase, glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase), antioxidant capacity and amount of mineral elements (sodium, potassium, calcium) were measured in leaves.Results: The results showed that salt stress significantly decreased the number and surface of leaves, relative water content, activity of glutathione reductase enzyme, the amount of potassium and calcium in leaves, but increased ion leakage, the contents of phenolic compounds, activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, tyrosine ammonia-lyase and glutathione S-transferase enzymes, antioxidant capacity and sodium content in leaves. While the addition of calcium to saline environment increased the number and surface area of leaves, relative water content, activity of glutathione reductase enzyme, the amount of potassium and calcium in leaves, but decreased ion leakage, the contents of phenolic compounds, activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, tyrosine ammonia-lyase and glutathione S-transferase enzymes, antioxidant capacity and sodium content in leaves.Conclusion: Calcium reduced the harmful effects of salinity stress in leaves of triticale plant, so adding calcium to salty soils can be a simple, practical and economic solution to deal with salinity stress and increase soil productivity and a step towards to provide sustainable agriculture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Phytochemical study of mineral elements of the medicinal plant (Tragopogon collinus) collected from the vegetation areas of northwest Iran
Hojjat Eghbal Mehdi Ahmadi SabeghTherefore, the populations of a medicinal species that have grown in different ecological conditions form different and diverse types in terms of the quantity and quality of effective substances, which, of course, leads to differences in the range of medicinal and biolo MoreTherefore, the populations of a medicinal species that have grown in different ecological conditions form different and diverse types in terms of the quantity and quality of effective substances, which, of course, leads to differences in the range of medicinal and biological activity. to be For this purpose, to investigate the mineral elements of the medicinal plant Sheng from the Asteraceae family from three different habitats: Janvar Daghi from the slopes of the southern mountains at an altitude of 3800 meters, Qashka Balag in the southeast at an altitude of 2400 meters, Yilaq Kara Yatagh in the southwest in 1600 meters high, in Sablan area of Meshkin Shahr city, located in the northwest of Iran and the soil where they grow. Mineral elements nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sodium, iron, zinc, manganese, copper and cadmium were measured by flame photometer and atomic absorption spectrometer and compared with each other. Statistical analysis and averages by Duncan's test and drawing a graph showed that apart from magnesium, zinc, copper and cadmium elements, other elements under the influence of vegetation area have significant differences. Observations showed that Sheng medicinal plant has the highest amount of nitrogen, calcium and iron in Jenwar Daghi area and phosphorus and potassium in Gara Yatag summer cottage area. Also, the lowest amount of manganese was observed in Janwar Daghi region compared to the two regions of Qarayatagh and Qashqablag. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - غلام حسین صفری1، احمد اصل هاشمی2 ، ،اقبال حسینی3
Ahmad Asl hashemi GOLAM SAFARIBackground and purpose: The life-giving effect of water on development and life on the one hand and the increase in population and the growth of agricultural, domestic and industrial uses and the lack of this vital substance in arid and semi-arid countries (such as Iran MoreBackground and purpose: The life-giving effect of water on development and life on the one hand and the increase in population and the growth of agricultural, domestic and industrial uses and the lack of this vital substance in arid and semi-arid countries (such as Iran) on the other hand have caused the optimal use of Water should be used for various purposes such as drinking, health, agriculture, etc., and it is the concern of many policymakers and executives of the country's water sector, and the use of packaged water should be considered as a serious solution in the fair and healthy distribution of waterMaterials and methods: The research is descriptive and the quality parameters of mineral waters were measured using standard methods. The desired parameters include pH, electrical conductivity, TDS, nitrate, nitrite, fluoride, HPC, total coliform, and the bottled waters of Damavand, Vata, Kannibel, Silvana, Spota, Bidestan were measured.Findings: The results showed that most of the measured bottled waters were compatible with international standards in terms of quality parametersDiscussion and conclusion: Finally, the results showed that among the 8 types of bottled water tested, Spota drinking water has the best quality in terms of microbiology, and Cannibell in terms of chemical composition Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Evaluating Some Growth Parameters, Water Relations and Yield of Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) as Affected by Quality Water Irrigations and Different Fertilizers
احمد Ghanbari J. Bardel M. KhajehTo evaluate the effects of quality of irrigation water and kinds of fertilizer on yield and some cumin’s physiological parameters, a split-plot experiment in randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at the Research Farm of Zabol Unive MoreTo evaluate the effects of quality of irrigation water and kinds of fertilizer on yield and some cumin’s physiological parameters, a split-plot experiment in randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at the Research Farm of Zabol University. Main factor was two levels of water irrigation, fresh and natural saline water (EC: 4.180 dS.m-1) and the sub-plots consisted of control, NPK fertilizer, manure and their combination. Analysis of plant growth parameters were performed according to the four times samplings. The results indicated that increasing the concentration of soluble salts in water irrigation until 4.180 dS.m-1 resulted in significant decrease in dry matter, biomass duration, crop growth rate, relative growth rate, relative water content of shoots and roots and yield; It was also showed that application NPK-fertilizer at rate 40:20:15 kg.ha-1 combined with manure with 20 ton.ha-1 can improve growth characters, RWC and yield of cumin as compared to the use of fertilizer separately. The highest dry matter (0.544 g. per plant) were obtained from integrated fertilizer and saline water irrigation treatments at 105 days after sowing. It also emphasized that balanced supply organic fertilizers of micro and macro nutrients for plants can reduce application of chemical fertilizer in fields, without reducing of growth characters and yield of cumin. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Response of Potato (Solanum tuberosum cv. Kaiser) to Different Sources of Fertillizers
Mohammad Reza Saeedi Saeedi Mehrab YadegariTo Study of the effects of biological and chemical fertilizers applications on quantitative and qualitative traits of potato (Kaiser cultivar), a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications was performed in Lordegan city in I MoreTo Study of the effects of biological and chemical fertilizers applications on quantitative and qualitative traits of potato (Kaiser cultivar), a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications was performed in Lordegan city in Iran during 2014. The fertilizers used were chemical nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers with two levels (nitrogen, 150 kg.ha-1 from urea resource and Phosphorous, 120 kg.ha-1 from super phosphate triple) and biological fertilizers were (nitroxin, vermicompost and phosphate barvar 2) each with two levels. The results showed that the use of nitroxin, vermicompost and phosphate barvar 2 and nitrogen andphosphorous fertilizers affected starch content, plant height, number of main stem per plant, LAI, total dry/fresh matter, the largest and smallest tuber diameter, number of tuber per plant and tuber yield, significantly. The highest tuber yield was observed by using nitroxin, vermicompost and phosphate barvar 2. Results of this research also showed that use of biological and chemical fertilizers affected vegetative traits that are related to qualitative and physiological indices. In spite of these promising effects of chemical and biological fertilizers on quantative and qualitative traits of potato, application of triple super phosphate along with biological fertilizers did not affect quality and quantity of potato. The highest starch percentage in dry matter of tuber (75.27%), number of main stem per plant (6.37), diameter of largest (185.75 mm) and smallest tuber (58.08 mm), tuber yield (33317.5 kg.ha-1), were produced by the use of biological fertilizers. Overall, results showed that the use of biofertilizeres may improve the measured traits of quantity and quality of caeser cultivar of potato and obtain the highest yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - The Effect of Different Levels of Pumice Mulch and Deficit Irrigation on the Some Physiological Traits and Seed Yield of Corn (Zea mays L.)
Mehdi Nasiri Davoud Zarehaghi Mohammad Reza NeyshabouriMineral mulches, such as pumice, increase water retention of soil, reduce evaporation and optimum water consumption. Use of pumice, thus, can be effective in improving the performance and growth of plant under water stress condition. This research was performed in compl MoreMineral mulches, such as pumice, increase water retention of soil, reduce evaporation and optimum water consumption. Use of pumice, thus, can be effective in improving the performance and growth of plant under water stress condition. This research was performed in completely randomized block design with three replications, four levels pumice, without its use (as control), and use of 30, 60 and 90 tons of pumice per hectare and three levels of irrigation (at 50% severe stress, at 70% moderate stress and at 100% without stress, evaporation from class A evaporation pan to evaluate the effect of treatment on some physiological traits of corn (modified hybrid of Maxima). Physiological traits of corn, was affected significantly by pumice and irrigation. The highest and lowest chlorophyll index, leaf relative water content, stomatal conductance and dry and fresh weight biomass, were obtained from pumice treatment of 90 tons per hectare and the control. The highest and lowest leaf temperature was also obtained from treatments of control and 90 tons per hectare. Chlorophyll index of 90 tons treatment per hectare in comparison with control and 30 tons per hectare of pumice amounted to 52 and 26% respectively. Stomatal conductance of irrigation at 50% evaporation from evaporation pan in comparison with treatments 70 and 100% decreased by 42 and 23% respectively. Thus it can conducted that the use of the 60 tons per hectare of pumice and irrigation at 70% evaporation from evaporation pan would be effective and will significantly affect plant vegetative characteristics and yield of corn. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Physiological Response of Common Glasswort (Salicornia europaea L.) to Potassium Nano-Particles Grown in Saline Soils around the Lake Urmia
Alireza Pirzad Mehdi JabbarzadehTo evaluate the effects of spraying potassium nano-particles on the osmolytes, photosynthetic pigments, total carotenoids and nutrients of aerial parts of common glasswort (Salicornia europaea L.), a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with th MoreTo evaluate the effects of spraying potassium nano-particles on the osmolytes, photosynthetic pigments, total carotenoids and nutrients of aerial parts of common glasswort (Salicornia europaea L.), a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at the marginal lands of Lake Urmia in 2012. The treatments consisted of application of potassium nano-particle concentrations at five levels (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 g/l of K nano-particles) applied, once, twice and three times. Results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that there were significant interaction between the levels and concentrations of potassium nano-particles sprayings on aerial parts with respect to their contents proline, total soluble carbohydrates, total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a and b, total carotenoids (xanthophyll and carotene) and nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and sodium). The highest levels of proline (1.84 mg/g dry weight) at one time spraying 4 g/l of K, total soluble carbohydrates (66.9 mg/g dry weight) at three times spraying 4 g/l, total chlorophyll (26.23 mg/g fresh weight) and chlorophyll b (22.85 mg/g fresh weight) at two times of water spraying, and chlorophyll a (9.93 mg/g fresh weight) at three times of 4g/l of potassium nano-particles sprayings were obtained. The highest nitrogen (0.95 % of aerial parts) and phosphorus (2.99 g/kg dry weight of aerial parts) contents were obtained from three times water spraying. However, the highest amounts of aerial plant part of potassium (65.08 g/kg dry weight) and sodium (403 g/kg dry weight) belonged to the two times, and calcium (29.23 g/kg dry weight) to the three times spraying of 4 g/l nano-potassium. Despite of the high concentration of osmolytes by potassium spraying, the nutrient accumulations levels were not significantly different from each other. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Effect of Biological and Mineral Phosphorus Fertilizers together with Microelement Sprayings on Yield and Component of Yield in Pinto Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
علی Nasrollahzadeh Asl H. GorbannezhadIn connection with sustainability of agriculture the effect of biological and mineral phosphorus fertilizers together with spraying plants with microelements on yield and yield components of pinto bean was investigated in an experiment at the Research Station of Rahal A MoreIn connection with sustainability of agriculture the effect of biological and mineral phosphorus fertilizers together with spraying plants with microelements on yield and yield components of pinto bean was investigated in an experiment at the Research Station of Rahal Agricultural College in Khoy city in 2012 growing season. The experiment was used factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications and two factors. The first factor consisted of phosphorus fertilizer in four levels (without using of fertilizer, as ontrol; barvar-2-phosphate biofertilizer, barvar-2phosphate biofertilizer together with super phosphate at the rate of 100 kg.ha-1 and only super phosphate at the rate of 200 kg.ha-1) and Second factor consisted of micro element spraying of plants with liquid fertilizer in three levels (without spraying, as control; micro element spraying with concentration of 2% and micro elements spraying with concentration of 4%). The results showed that phosphorus fertilizers, affected except number of grains per pod and 100 seed weight, the plant height, number of main branches per plant, number of leaf per plant, number of pods per plant, harvest index and grain yield significantly. Maximum grain yield were obtained from treatments of super phosphate at rate of 200 kg.ha-1 and barvar-2 phosphate biofertilizer together with super phosphate at rate of 100 kg.ha-1. However, the yields of these two treatments were statistically the same. Therefore, reduce use of chemical fertilizers and protect of natural resources, the use of barvar-2 phosphate biofertilizer is advisable. The effect of spraying plants with micro elements on traits, except number of grains per pod and 100 seed weight, like plant height, number of main branches per plant, number of leaf per plant, number of pods per plant, harvest index and grain yield were significant. Maximum grain yield was also obtained from spraying plants by micro elements with density of 2% and 4% and these two experimental treatments were placed in the same statistical group. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Determination of some minerals and heavy metals, nitrate and nitrite of Salicornia europaea L. harvested from Urmia Lake in 2017
Shahin Zomorodi H. Behmadi F. Shavakhi S. MadaniThe halophyte Salicornia was recently introduced as a fresh vegetable crop that thrives in extreme salty conditions. In this study, the ash, minerals, heavy metal and nitric and nitrite anions in different parts (root, aerial parts and seeds) of Salicornia europaea L. w MoreThe halophyte Salicornia was recently introduced as a fresh vegetable crop that thrives in extreme salty conditions. In this study, the ash, minerals, heavy metal and nitric and nitrite anions in different parts (root, aerial parts and seeds) of Salicornia europaea L. were evaluated. The results showed that the ash content and sodium in the aerial parts was the highest and in the roots the lowest (p < 0.05). But, potassium, copper and calcium between different organs and seed were not significant. While zinc and magnesium in seed and iron in root were higher, and zinc, manganese and magnesium content were lower in the root than other parts (p < 0.05). Salicornia roots had the lowest arsenic and cobalt and the highest lead (p < 0.05). The seeds containeed the lowest lead, cadmium, mercury and nickel. The aerial parts of this plant also had the least chromium and the highest levels of cadmium, mercury, nickel and cobalt. The mercury in different parts of the Salicornia was lower than the standard value. The lead in the root and cadmium in the aerial parts and chromium, arsenic and nickel in all parts were higher than the limit allowed. The highest nitrate content and the lowest nitrite content in aerial parts and the lowest nitrate content and the highest nitrite content were observed in the seeds (p <0.05). In all studied parts, the nitrate content was found in standard limit. According to the results, aerial parts of Salicornia can be used as a source of calcium, iron, zinc and magnesium. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Aflatoxin levels fluctuation analysis in Demineralized whey powder production
ایمان Ebdali takalloo علی Mohamadi saniDemineralized whey powder is one of the materials which isused in medical and infant milk powder industries recently. The aim of this study was to evaluate theratio of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) detoxification in 90% demineralized whey powder (DWP-90), produced from sweet whey MoreDemineralized whey powder is one of the materials which isused in medical and infant milk powder industries recently. The aim of this study was to evaluate theratio of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) detoxification in 90% demineralized whey powder (DWP-90), produced from sweet whey. For this purpose, 36 samples gathered from different steps of production line including Sweet whey (12 sample), demineralized whey (12 sample) and DWP-90 (12 sample). The samples gathered from Nutricia-MMP factory during one year (from 2012 to 2013). AFM1 detected by High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Based on results, AFM1 was found in 100% of the samples but the concentration of AFM1 in all samples was less than maximum limit defined by Iranian national standards, No 5925 (100ppt for wheyand 1000ppt for whey powder). The Average amount of AFM1 in sweet whey (32.5ppt) and DWP-90 (45.8ppt) was less than maximum limit in CODEX and EC 1881/2006, defined for raw milk (50ppt). Considering total solid in sweet whey (6%±0.1) and DWP-90 (٪97) and concentration of AFM1 in these samples, about 91% reduction was found in concentration of AFM1during DWP-90 production. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - The comparison of serum concentrations of some elements in healthy and pica affected camels
Gholamali Kojouri Reza Gharehdaghli Abdonaser MohebiPica is the ingestion of nonfood materials which may occur due to digestive system disorders, metabolic diseases, parasitic infestation and/or some deficiencies and then leads to intoxication, TRP, peritonitis, reticulo-omasal orifice dysfunction, abomasal impaction, ab MorePica is the ingestion of nonfood materials which may occur due to digestive system disorders, metabolic diseases, parasitic infestation and/or some deficiencies and then leads to intoxication, TRP, peritonitis, reticulo-omasal orifice dysfunction, abomasal impaction, abomasitis and intestinal obstruction. In the present study sex, age range and location of camels (Camelus dromedarius) were determined and blood samples were taken before the slaughter. In postmortem examination, forestomach contents of 300 slaughtered camels were carefully examined for the presence of foreign bodies. Blood samples of 20 healthy and 20 camels with pica were used to determine the serum concentrations of iron, copper, zinc, phosphorus, selenium, cobalt and copper to zinc ratio. The results showed that 36 of 300 camels were suffering from pica and the incidence was estimated at 12 percent. Among these, metallic objects with a relative frequency of 33.33% had the highest and woody material with 5.26% had the lowest occurrence. Serum levels of iron, copper, phosphorus, selenium, cobalt and the ratio of copper to zinc in camels with pica were significantly lower than healthy ones. Statistical analysis showed that the serum levels of zinc, copper and phosphorus in male camels with pica were significantly lower and serum levels of cobalt were higher than their female counterparts (p<0.05). It is concluded that deficiencies of iron, copper, phosphorus, selenium and cobalt may play a role in camel pica. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Investigation on the hygienic quality of natural mineral waters sold in the city of Tabriz in 2008
جلیل Khandaghi M.R Sehat khahWith the significant increase in bottled natural mineral water production and consumption over the last decade in our country, there has been a growing concern over the microbiological quality of such products. The purpose of the present study was to analyze various bot MoreWith the significant increase in bottled natural mineral water production and consumption over the last decade in our country, there has been a growing concern over the microbiological quality of such products. The purpose of the present study was to analyze various bottled natural mineral waters sold in Tabriz. In this study, 150 samples of such products were examined for aerobic colony count, coliforms, fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, fecal streptococci, Clostridium perfringenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Aerobic colony count pseudomonas and clostridium were determined using membrane filtration method and most probable number (MPN) method was used for determining coliforms and fecal streptococci. The results indicated that in 25.3% of the samples there was no microbial growth in plate count agar media and 2% of the samples were contaminated with high levels of aerobic colony count (more than 20 bacteria/ ml). Furthermore, of the 72.6% of samples with acceptable aerobic colony count, 2.75%, 1.83%, 2.75% and 0.91% were contaminated with coliforms, fecal streptococci, pseudomonas and clostridium respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - The relationship between vitamin A, E, and some trace minerals and poor growth in replacement heifers
علی Sadeghi-nasab بهرام Dadmehr S.M Zolhavarieh علی Hassanpour A.A BahariOne of the most important principles of cattle breeding is rearing and feeding of replacement calves. In this clinical survey three groups, consisting of 12-13 months old heifers, inseminated heifers up to 45 days of gestation and 4-5 months pregnant heifers suffering f MoreOne of the most important principles of cattle breeding is rearing and feeding of replacement calves. In this clinical survey three groups, consisting of 12-13 months old heifers, inseminated heifers up to 45 days of gestation and 4-5 months pregnant heifers suffering from nutritional problems which exhibited clinical signs of decreased growth rate, general debility, poor coat growth and discoloration and infertility were selected for pooled blood sampling and analysis of vitamin A, E and selenium, copper, zinc and manganese values. There was clear deficiency of vitamin E and manganese while selenium deficiency was slight correlating with clinical signs. It is suspected that improper and mouldy feeds presented to these non-lactating groups resulted in primary and secondary deficiencies of mentioned elements and finally have led to poor growth rate and fertility insufficiency in affected animals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Investigating and comparing the body composition of non-elite mountain and road cyclists in Shiraz city
mohammadreza Roshanrooz Zahra Mosallanezhad Seyyed Ali HosseiniIntroduction: Studies show that body composition depends on the nature of sports and athletes of different fields probably have different body composition. Considering the need to know this physiological characteristic in different fields of cycling and introducing them MoreIntroduction: Studies show that body composition depends on the nature of sports and athletes of different fields probably have different body composition. Considering the need to know this physiological characteristic in different fields of cycling and introducing them to athletes interested in this field; The aim of present study was investigating and comparing the body composition of mountain range and non-elite road cyclists in Shiraz city.Methods: In this practical and semi-experimental study, 20 road cyclists and 20 mountain cyclists (age 18-24) were selected as a statistical sample. Protein mass, mineral mass, soft lean mass and body fat percentage of the subjects were evaluated using the BOCA X1 Body Composition device made in South Korea. Kalmogorov-Smirnov and Independent sample t tests were used to analyze the data. Findings: There was no significant difference in protein mass (P=0.21), mineral mass (P=0.23) and soft lean mass (P=0.96) in road and mountain cyclists; However, the percentage of body fat of road cyclists was significantly lower than road cyclists (P=0.013).Conclusion: It seems that the two types of cycling have the same effect on body composition, but road cyclists had a lower body fat percentage than mountain cyclists; Due to the limitations such as lack of assessment of diet, aerobic capacity and heart function, more studies are needed in this field. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Spa tourism development with an emphasis on hydrotherapic capabilities (Case Study: City of Sarein.)
Arastoo Yarihesar Kolsoom Yarmohammadi Soghra PoornosratOne of the oldest forms of health tourism is spa tourism (the branch of health tourism) which means health by water. in ancient time people used to travel to hot or cold springs in hope of effecting cure for some illness. Even in modern times the therapeutic property of MoreOne of the oldest forms of health tourism is spa tourism (the branch of health tourism) which means health by water. in ancient time people used to travel to hot or cold springs in hope of effecting cure for some illness. Even in modern times the therapeutic property of water is being used to treat various health disorders. This type of tourism activity due to such factors include the health and welfare and especially the economic benefits and job creation has been noticed by countries. Sarein in northwest of Iran also is such area having lots of potentials (especially in context of hydrothermal water) to developing Spa tourism. The aim of this study is to evaluate the capacity of Spa tourism and the developing strategies for this branch of tourism in Sarein. This city due to different climate and lots of mineral water and springs having favorable conditions to develop of health tourism.The data and information has in this article gathered by documentary and equationary methods. In this research analytical models and QSPM strategic planning techniques have been used to answer the questions and prioritize strategies. Samples determined by using Morgan table. The volume of samples is 80 including 40 tourists and arrivals and easer 40 person in local communities.The results of this research shows that advertising, developing of residential and accommodation infrastructures and services especially by corporate of private sectors, improving communication and transportation system and attracting foreign investment are such emergency strategies to developing health tourism in sarein. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Evolution of Biological Properties of Bioactive Diopside and Wollastonite for Bone Tissue Engineering
Ruhollah Zamani Foroushani Ebrahim karamian Mohammad Rafienia -
Open Access Article
70 - Evaluation of ecological characteristics of the habitat and determination of some quantitative characteristics and amount of minerals in the medicinal plant Hymenocarter longiflorus Benth in rangeland of South Khorasan province
seyedeh mahbubeh mirmiran Reza Yari Majid Dashti Abbasali NazeranMedicinal plants in the field of natural resources are considered as one of the most important strategies in the field of health, trade and technology. Scientific and comprehensive knowledge of the elements and components of rangeland ecosystems is essential for their p MoreMedicinal plants in the field of natural resources are considered as one of the most important strategies in the field of health, trade and technology. Scientific and comprehensive knowledge of the elements and components of rangeland ecosystems is essential for their proper planning and management. For this purpose, the ecological characteristics of the habitat, morphological characteristics and the amount of some minerals of H. longiflorus Benth medicinal plant in the rangeland ecosystems of South Khorasan in two habitats of Amroodkan Ferdows Valley and Sabz Sarayan Valley were studied. Thus, 3 transects were established in the representative area of each habitat and 10 plots of 3 square meters were installed along each transect. In each plot, cover parameters including density, percentage of canopy cover of plant species, percentage of H. longiflorus Benth species, large and small diameter, medium height and some mineral compounds in plant aerial parts were measured. Also, climatic and topographic characteristics of each habitat and physical and chemical factors of the soil were measured. The results showed that the direction of both habitats was north and Amrudkan valley had higher altitude and average annual rainfall compared to Sabzerood. The soil of both regions was in the acidic range and the soil texture in the habitat of Amrudkan valley was loam and in Sabzrood habitat was sandy-loamy. Percentage of total species, percentage of Aroneh species, average height and wet and dry weight of flowering branches of the species due to more suitable ecological conditions and the presence of more fertile soil in the habitat of Amrudkan valley 17, 43, 12, 43 and 62% more, respectively. The habitat of Sabzrood was Sarayan. Also, there was a significant difference between the minerals in the medicinal organ of H. longiflorus Benth in the two habitats and the minerals in the flowering branches of this species were higher in the Emroodkan valley habitat than Sabzrood habitat. In general, the results show the influence of morphological and phytochemical characteristics of this species. Due to its medicinal value, having minerals and also high resistance of this plant to different environmental conditions, its use in urban green space belt is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Variation in carbohydrates and minerals among Tragacanth Gum (Astraglus gossypinus) collected from six province of Iran
azad minaei امیر رحیمی محمد باقر رضایی Sonia Amini jahfar pazhouhanFrom distant past, Medicinal plants have played an important role in the prevention and treatment of diseases as a rich source of mineral elements and secondary metabolites. In this study the amount of some mineral elements and carbohydrates in gum tragacanth of six dif MoreFrom distant past, Medicinal plants have played an important role in the prevention and treatment of diseases as a rich source of mineral elements and secondary metabolites. In this study the amount of some mineral elements and carbohydrates in gum tragacanth of six different provinces (West Azarbaijan, Hamedan, Chaharmahal-Bakhtiyari, Yazd, Kerman and Isfahan) were investigated. After collecting gum tragacanth of Astragalus gossypinus from late June to mid-September 1391 its mineral elements including phosphorus, potassium, iron, magnesium and zinc were measured using flam photometer, Spectrophotometry and atomic absorption spectroscopy device. To determine the glucose, fructose and sucrose, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used. The results of this study showed that there was a significant difference in 1% level among mineral elements and carbohydrates in studied places. So that the highest amount of magnesium, iron and zinc was found in Hamedan province, and the highest amount of potassium and phosphorus elements was found in West Azarbaijan province. The results showed among the mineral elements that the potassium element had the highest amount and the iron element had the lowest amount. The highest amounts of glucose (87 units), fructose (72.5 units) and sucrose (23.1 units) were obtained from gum in Chaharmahal-Bakhtiari Province, Hamedan and West Azarbaijan, respectively. Due to the difference in the amount of mineral elements and sugars found in gum studied from different provinces, it can be used in various industries including the pharmaceutical, healthcare and food. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - Investiganting the effect of methyl jasmonate and titanium dioxide nanoparticles on physiological and phytochemical variations of Rosa damascena. Mill. esential oil
Zahra Allahverdi Mehrab Yadegari Mohammad MoghaddamRosa damascena Mill. belongs to Rosaceae family and is considered as one of the most important medicinal and industrial plant. In the present study, the effects of foliar application of methyl jasmonate and titanium dioxide nanoparticles were investigated on physiologic MoreRosa damascena Mill. belongs to Rosaceae family and is considered as one of the most important medicinal and industrial plant. In the present study, the effects of foliar application of methyl jasmonate and titanium dioxide nanoparticles were investigated on physiological and phytochemical traits of Rosa damascena Mill. in two separate experiments based on a randomized complete block design with 3 replications in Farsan during two growing seasons (2019 and 2020). Foliar application of methyl jasmonate (0, 0.5, 1, and 2 mM) and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (0, 100, 200, and 300 mg L-1) was performed three times with 4-day intervals before the flowering stage. Essential oil extraction was done by steam distillation (a clevenger apparatus), phytochemical evaluation was performed using spectrophotometric method, and antioxidant performance was evaluated through DPPH test. Results showed that foliar application of elicitors increased dry weight of leaves and photosynthetic pigments. The phenolic compounds of leaves and petals of R. damascena Mill. also increased in response to applied elicitors and the highest increment was observed in plants treated with 1 mM methyl jasmonate and 100 mg L-1 titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Also the results showed the positive effect of applied treatments on increasing macro (N, P, K and Mg) and micro elements (Fe, Mn, and Zn) in leaves of damask rose. Methyl jasmonate (0.5-1 mM) increased the essential oil content of the treated plants by 34.32%. According to the obtained results, methyl jasmonate applied at concentration of 1 mM is suggested to improve the physiological and phytochemical characteristics of the R. damascena plants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - Investigation of enamel surface hardness using remineralization of white spot lesions with CPP-ACP, fluoride, and CPP-ACPF
Farzaneh Shirani Shirin Rostami Parastoo AfghariAbstract: The enamel surface hardness determination plays a key role in surface abrasion a resin composite bond strength. The aim of this study was to investigate the enamel surface hardness after remineralization of white spot lesions using casein phosphopeptide amorph MoreAbstract: The enamel surface hardness determination plays a key role in surface abrasion a resin composite bond strength. The aim of this study was to investigate the enamel surface hardness after remineralization of white spot lesions using casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP), fluoride and casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride (CPP-ACPF). Materials and Methods: A 36 bovine anterior teeth were chosen and after decoronization, the teeth were mounted in acrylic resin and their baseline surface hardness was measured. Samples were then demineralized and their surface hardness was measured. The teeth were then divided into three groups and subjected to surface treatment with CPP-ACP, CPP-ACPF and fluoride mouthwash. The surface hardness was measured and the data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: Paired t-test showed that surface hardness significantly changed after demineralization (P<0.001) and after treatment with CPP-ACPF (P<0.001) and fluoride (P=0.005), however: the change was not significant after treatment with CPP-ACP (P=0.155). Conclusions: The obtained results indicated that treatment with fluoride and CPP-ACPF may increase the surface hardness of demineralized enamel. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Experimental Study of Engineering Specifications of Concrete Containing Local Mineral Pozzolan based on XRD and SEM Analyses
Mojtaba Rangrazian Rahmat Madandoust Reza Mahjoub Mehdi RaftariGlobal warming and its effects on the environment can be considered as the important crises facing humans. Finding a method to reduce cement consumption can be an effective step in controlling the annual increase in global temperature. In this research, in order to find MoreGlobal warming and its effects on the environment can be considered as the important crises facing humans. Finding a method to reduce cement consumption can be an effective step in controlling the annual increase in global temperature. In this research, in order to find the optimal mixing design for replacing local mineral pozzolan instead of a part of cement, two mixing projects with four types of 5, 10, 15 and 20 percent by weight replaced a part of concrete cement.The compressive strength and concrete quality tests were evaluated in the specimens. The constituent elements of concrete and the effect of adding local mineral pozzolan were investigated using the XRD analysis, as well as the morphology and microstructural behavior of concrete with the SEM test. The results exhibited that the best replacement value of cement by pozzolan in concrete is equivalent to 15 percent by weight of cement. Pozzolanic samples increase the strength by 24% compared to plain cement concrete (PCC) samples. Optimal pozzolanic reaction reduced the amount of portlandite and calcite in concrete. Also, this pozzolan reduced the pores, increased the improvement and integrity of the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) in concrete in comparison with plain cement concrete. Considering the effects of this pozzolan on strengthening the structure and reducing the consumption of cement in concrete, the studied local mineral pozzolan can be introduced as a green material that reduces cement by increasing the strength of concrete and is environmentally friendly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - بررسی خصوصیات فیتوشیمیایی، ترکیبات معدنی و فعالیت های ضد میکروبی عصاره های اتیل استات و اتانولی Vernonia amygdalina و Morinda lucida در برابر برخی میکروارگانیسم های بیماری زا جدا شده بالینی: یک مطالعه مقایسه ای
ساویور یوسین اولواتویین دارمولا اولوابونمی اولوگ بنگا فیدلیکس ایوبامی اولایمی روتیمی ادمیلوا کریستینا آددوئین دارمولاBackground & Aim: Medicinal plants with antimicrobial activities have been used extensively in the West Africa regions. These plants of medicinal important have been proven to be very effective even where treatments with antibiotics failed. This study was aimed to e MoreBackground & Aim: Medicinal plants with antimicrobial activities have been used extensively in the West Africa regions. These plants of medicinal important have been proven to be very effective even where treatments with antibiotics failed. This study was aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activities of Morinda lucida and Vernonia amygdalina leaves extracts on some pathogenic microorganisms isolated from clinical samples.Experimental: The antimicrobial activities were assayed using the agar well diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were evaluated using standard microbiological techniques. Phytochemical and mineral compositions of all the extracts were determined.Results: Phytochemicals such as saponins, tannins, flavonoids, glycosides, anthraquinone and alkaloids were present in both extracts of the plants with alkaloids having a higher percentage. Minerals such as K, Ca, Fe, Na and Fe were presented in appreciable quantities in both extracts of the plants with the K and Ca levels in the ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of Morinda lucida significantly higher than that of V. amygdalina, while Na and Fe levels of Vernonia amygdalina was found to be higher than that of Morinda lucida. Heavy metals like Pb, Cd and As were presented in significant quantities in both extracts of the plants. All the extracts exhibited varying degrees of concentration-based antimicrobial activities against the tested pathogens. Both ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts of Morinda lucida showed a high significant antifungal activity against Trichophyton sp and Candida sp while the ethanol extract of Vernonia amygdalina showed a high significant antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella sp and Candida sp.Recommended applications/industries: The study provides information on the antimicrobial activities, phytochemical and mineral components of Morinda lucida and Vernonia amygdalina leaves. Also, it contributes to the development of alternative therapeutic agents against the pathogens tested in this study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - بررسی ترکیبات معدنی برخی از گونه های Sumac وحشی (Rhus coriaria L.)
ندا نایب پور حسینعلی اسدی قارنهBackground & Aim: Rhus coriaria L. (sumac) is usually a wild plant and classified in Anacardiaceae family. The fruits are used as a medicine for curing fever, diarrhea, stomachache, dermatitis disease and some other important disease like cancer, stroke, d MoreBackground & Aim: Rhus coriaria L. (sumac) is usually a wild plant and classified in Anacardiaceae family. The fruits are used as a medicine for curing fever, diarrhea, stomachache, dermatitis disease and some other important disease like cancer, stroke, diabetes and liver disease. In this study, some Iranian wild sumac ecotypes were investigated in terms of mineral compositions. Detecting medicinal plants chemical composition is useful for phytochemical scientific source. Experimental: Mature and ripe fruits were collected and dried in laboratory condition, and then the minerals content like Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Na, P, K, and Zn were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results: In Yahya-Abad samples, potassium, sodium, zinc, phosphorous and manganes were the most abundant minerals. The amount of calcium in Yahya-Abad samples and Firizhand samples was the highest. In Firizhand samples the amount of copper and magnesium were higher than other ecotypes and in Malmir samples, iron was significantly higher than other ecotypes. Also, results from this study indicated that all samples are significantly different from each other in terms of mineral elements. The samples from Yahya-Abad was found to contain appreciable amounts of different minerals. Recommended applications/industries: Minerals are vital chemical elements for the human health and must be in the diet. These findings would be useful for food scientists and nutritionists interested in the nutritive value of plants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - ارزیابی ترکیبات شیمیایی و املاح موجود در پوسته میوه Cucurbita pepo L
اولیفونسو آدینی آنه آدامBackground & Aim: The leaves, fruit pulp and seeds of Cucurbita pepo are widely consumed as vegetables, and as food additives. They are used as condiments in some part of the country and also for their medicinal properties. This study, however investigated the fruit MoreBackground & Aim: The leaves, fruit pulp and seeds of Cucurbita pepo are widely consumed as vegetables, and as food additives. They are used as condiments in some part of the country and also for their medicinal properties. This study, however investigated the fruit shell of Cucurbita pepo for its proximate and mineral composition using standard analytical methods. Experimental: The fruit shell was separated from the pulp and seeds, washed, dried and homogenized. Proximate composition was determined using standard procedures; the sample was later digested with concentrated nitric acid and perchloric acid for mineral analysis. Results: The proximate composition showed that the fruit shell is rich in carbohydrates (44.60±0.06%) and crude fiber (28.53±0.08%). Protein, ash, moisture and fat were also present in considerable amounts. Minerals such as Na, K, P, Cu, Mg, Fe, Ca and Mn were present at varying concentrations while Zn and Cr were not detected. Findings from this study which correlate with previous works show that C. pepo fruit shell is a natural repository of nutrients which play a range of important roles in different metabolisms of the body. Recommended applications/industries: The results showed that C. pepo fruit shell is nutritious and can be used in formulating feed for livestocks, hence its disposal should be discouraged. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - Visible light induced photocatalytic degradation of direct red 23 and direct brown 166 by InVO4-TiO2 nanocomposite
Somayeh Dianat -
Open Access Article
79 - Magnetically separable MgFe2O4 nanoparticle for efficient catalytic ozonation of organic pollutants
Akbar Eslami Ali Oghazyan Mansour Sarafraz -
Open Access Article
80 - The New Progresses in Trace Mineral Requirements of Broilers, a Review
ب. نویدشاد م. محمدرضائی م. زارعی ر. ولی زاده س. کرامتی ف. رضائی ص. جباری ر. کچوئی پ. اسمائیل نسب -
Open Access Article
81 - کمپلکس معدنی-سینبیوتیک جدید در جیرههای گاوهای شیرده برای بهبود تولید و ترکیب شیر
آ.اف. گورلوو آ.آی. بلیااِو م.آی. اسلوژنکینا ن.آی. مسولووا ای.ی. زلوبینا آ.وی. راندلین ای.ی. بُندارکووا ب.آ. شرستیوکهدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثر بخشی کمپلکس آزمایشی جدید در جیرههای گاوهای شیرده بود. آزمایشات علمی و اقتصادی در شرایط یک مجموعه صنعتی بزرگ برای تولید شیر از گاوهای نژاد هلشتاین (روسیه) انجام شد. چهار گروه از گاوهای هلشتاین (شکم سوم)، در هر گروه 20 حیوان، برای انجام یک روش Moreهدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثر بخشی کمپلکس آزمایشی جدید در جیرههای گاوهای شیرده بود. آزمایشات علمی و اقتصادی در شرایط یک مجموعه صنعتی بزرگ برای تولید شیر از گاوهای نژاد هلشتاین (روسیه) انجام شد. چهار گروه از گاوهای هلشتاین (شکم سوم)، در هر گروه 20 حیوان، برای انجام یک روش تحقیق مشابه تشکیل شدند. گاوها در گروه کنترل با جیره پایه تغذیه شدند. گاوها در گروههای دیگر با کمپلکس آزمایشگاهی در دزهای متنوع تغذیه شدند. تمام شاخصها توسط روشهای شناخته شده گسترده تعیین شدهاند، از قبیل استخراج، الکتروفورز مویین، کروماتوگرافی، اتدازهگیری تیتر کمی، طیفسنجی جذب اتمی و دیگر روشها. برای سنتز شیر، ارگانیسمهای گاوها در گروههای آزمایشگاهی نیتروژن هضم شده بیشتری را به طور میانگین با 14.85 درصد صرف کردند؛ نیتروژن استخراج شده از بدن گاوها با اوره به طور میانگین کمتر بود با میانگین 4.13 درصد. افزایش در تولید شیر به طور متوسط 3.8 درصد بود. در مقایسه با گروه کنترل، گاوهای گروههای آزمایشی محتوای بیشتری از ماده خشک در شیر با میانگین 0.4 درصد؛ چربی با 0.17 درصد؛ و پروتئین با 0.1 درصد (شامل آلفا-لاکتوآلبومین با 8.31 درصد و بتا-لاکتوگلوبولین با 36.6 درصد). پروتئین شیر در گروههای آزمایشی حاوی اسیدهای آمینه ضروری بیشتری به طور میانگین با 9.83 درصد، و چربی شیر حاوی اسیدهای چرب غیر اشباع با 1.46 درصد بودند. شیر در گروههای آزمایشی برای یک محتوی بالای ویتامینها (به طور متوسط 16.3 درصد، در مقایسه با گروه کنترل) مورد توجه قرار گرفتند، در عمل B2 با 10.8 درصد، B9 با 28.6 درصد و D3 با 8/39 درصد. علاوه بر این، کسر وزنی عناصر کمیاب در شیر افزایشی یافت شد، به معنی دیگر، کلسیم با 17.3 درصد، ید با 36.4 درصد، پتاسیم با 20.6 درصد، منیزیم با 18.5 درصد، منگنز با 66.7 درصد، فسفر با 20.3 درصد و سیلیس با 54.2 درصد. افزایش در تولید شیر گاوها و محتوی چربی بالاتر در شیر امکان سود فروش 1 تن شیر را به طور متوسط 12 درصد و سطح سودآوری تولید را 6.5 درصد افزایش میدهد. مطالعه انجام شده با اطمینان اثبات کرده است که پرمیکس پیشنهاد شده دسترسی خوراک و قابلیت هضم را ارتقاء داده، قابلیت هضم خوراکها و مصرف مؤثر آنها را بهبود داده، هماتولوژی خون را بهبود داده، تولید شیر را افزایش داده و ترکیب شیر را بهبود داده، که منجر به افزایش در سودآوری تولید میشود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Have Beneficial Effect on Frozen-Thawed Spermatozoa of Holstein Bulls
F. Farhadi A. Towhidi M. Shakeri A. Seifi-Jamadi -
Open Access Article
83 - Effect of Calcium and Magnesium Supplementation of Ewes during Pre- and Post-Mating on Lamb Sex Ratio
Z. Gharibi M. Shamsolahi F. Fatahnia Y. Mohammadi A.N. Shokri -
Open Access Article
84 - Milk Yield and Composition of Red Sokoto and Weast African Dwarf Does Raised Intensively in a Hot Humid Environment
F.O. Ahamefule O. Odilinye E.N. Nwachukwu -
Open Access Article
85 - Proximate, Mineral and Anti-Nutrient Composition of Wild Ganoderma lucidum: Implication on Its Utilization in Poultry Production
A.O. Ogbe A.D. Obeka -
Open Access Article
86 - Importance of Phosphorus in Farm Animals
S. Manopriya A.A.A.U. Aberathna D.A. Satharasinghe L.J.P.A.P. Jayasooriya M.M.M.G.P.G. Mantilaka C.A.N. Fernando B.P.A. Jayaweera W.A.D.V. Weerathilake G.A. Prathapasinghe J.A. Liyanage J.M.K.J.K. Premarathne -
Open Access Article
87 - Peripartum Injection of Vitamins (E and B12) and Trace Minerals (Selenium and Iron) in Holstein Dairy Cows: Effect on Milk Production and Composition, Body Condition Score and Serum Metabolites
S.R. Mousavi F. Fatahnia G. Taasoli Y. Mohammadi -
Open Access Article
88 - خاکستر موز پلانتاین جذب عناصر معدنی را در جیره پولتها افزایش میدهد
آی.سی. اوکلی سی.ام. نوگو آی.اف. اُتوک آ.آ. اُمد آی.پی. اوگبوو اِن.اُ. آلادی وی.ام.اُ. اُکرُ ام.ان. اُپارا سی. اِزما ام.سی. یوچگبو بی.یو. اِکنیم جی.آ. آنیانو ان.جی. اُکیودو آ.بی.آی. یوددیبی اف.ان. مادوبویکبه طور کلی، تنها بخشی از مواد معدنی مصرف شده توسط حیوان به طور مؤثر جذب میشوند. این درحالی است که بسیاری از این مواد به سایر بخشها (مانند فیبر) متصل هستند و دفع میشوند. در این مطالعه، تفاوت ترکیب مواد معدنی در مدفوع به عنوان شاخصی از جذب مواد معدنی توسط پولتهایی که Moreبه طور کلی، تنها بخشی از مواد معدنی مصرف شده توسط حیوان به طور مؤثر جذب میشوند. این درحالی است که بسیاری از این مواد به سایر بخشها (مانند فیبر) متصل هستند و دفع میشوند. در این مطالعه، تفاوت ترکیب مواد معدنی در مدفوع به عنوان شاخصی از جذب مواد معدنی توسط پولتهایی که سطوح مختلف خاکستر موز پلانتاین در جیره غذایی روزانه خود را برای 9 هفته دریافت کردند، مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. نمونههای ساقه و ریشه موز پلانتاین جمعآوری و در آفتاب خشک و به خاکستر تبدیل شد تا خاکستر ساقه موز پلانتاین (PSA) و خاکستر پایه ریشه (PRA) ایجاد شود. 96 پولت ایزا قهوهای یک روزه تا سن 15 هفتگی پرورش یافته و پس از آن به 2 گروه اصلی متشکل از 48 پرنده تقسیم شدند. هر گروه به 4 زیرگروه با 12 پرنده و هر زیرگروه به چهار پرنده در سه تکرار در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی تقسیم شدند. پولت ها با PSA و PRA به عنوان مکمل مواد معدنی برای دوره رشد از 15 تا هفته 18 (4 هفته) و جیرهی مرغها از 19 تا 24 هفته (6 هفته) به مقدار 0، 1، 2 و 3 گرم به ازای هر کیلوگرم وزن بدن تغذیه شدند به طوری که یک گروه PSA و دیگری PRA دریافت کردند. در هر مورد، سطح صفر به عنوان شاهد در نظر گرفته شد. در هفته 9 تغذیه، نمونه مدفوع از دو گروه جمعآوری و در آفتاب خشک شد و مواد معدنی آنها به روش جذب اتمی اندازهگیری شد. در میان مواد معدنی پرنیاز، هر دو PSA و PRA سبب کاهش مقادیر پتاسیم و منیزیوم در مدفوع شدند. افزایش سطح مکمل منجر به کاهش بیشتر محتوای مدفوع از این مواد معدنی شد. منیزیم اثرات رگرسیونی بسیار معنیداری (05/0P<، 01/0P<) برای PSA و PRA نشان داد. زمانی که مکملهایPSA و PRA نسبت به وزن بدن (BW)، 1 گرم / کیلوگرم بود، کاهش غلظت نیکل و آهن در مدفوع بالا بود (62/47 و 19/79 درصد)، در حالیکه درصد منگنز در همان 1 گرم مکمل PRA به ازای هر کیلوگرم BW 33/83 بود. مقادیر نیکل (PSA) و کروم (PSA و PRA) برای اثرات رگرسیونی معنیدار (01/0P<) بودند. این نشان میدهد مقدار مدفوعی این مواد معدنی میتواند از هر مقدار داده شده خاکستر موز پلانتاین را با استفاده از معادلات رگرسیون پیشبینی کرد. افزودن PRA به جیره سبب افزایش مقدار مدفوعی دو فلز سنگین سرب و کادمیوم شده است، که نشان دهنده جذب رودهای ضعیف آنها است. خاکستر موز پلانتاین میتواند به عنوان منبع بالقوه قابل جذب مکمل مواد معدنی باشد که میتواند جذب مواد معدنی از جیرههای تجاری پولتها را بهبود دهد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - تأثیر افزودن والین به جیره غذایی بر عملکرد، تیتر آنتیبادی سرم و استخوان سازی جوجههای گوشتی
ف. فرودی پ. رضامنداین تحقیق به منظور بررسی تأثیر افزودن والین به جیره دوره آغازین جوجههای گوشتی (15-0 روزگی) بر عملکرد، پاسخ آنتیبادی به واکسن نیوکاسل و استخوان سازی انجام شد. آزمایش با استفاده از 300 قطعه جوجه گوشتی نر سویه راس 308 انجام شد. جوجهها به طور تصادفی به 3 تیمار و 5 تکرار Moreاین تحقیق به منظور بررسی تأثیر افزودن والین به جیره دوره آغازین جوجههای گوشتی (15-0 روزگی) بر عملکرد، پاسخ آنتیبادی به واکسن نیوکاسل و استخوان سازی انجام شد. آزمایش با استفاده از 300 قطعه جوجه گوشتی نر سویه راس 308 انجام شد. جوجهها به طور تصادفی به 3 تیمار و 5 تکرار با 20 پرنده در هر تکرار دسته بندی شدند. جوجه با سه نوع جیره غذایی با غلظتهای مختلف از نظر والین تغذیه شدند که جیره غذایی اول با میزان کافی والین از نظر نیاز جوجههای گوشتی (0 درصد ال-والین) و جیرههای دوم و سوم با سطوح بیش از حد نیاز والین (08/0 درصد و 16/0 درصد ال-والین) بود. نتایج نشان داد که والین افزوده شده به جیرههای غذایی تغییری در مصرف خوراک، افزایش وزن بدن و ضریب تبدیل غذایی نداشت. در صورتیکه افزودن والین به جیرههای غذایی به طور معنیداری موجب افزایش تیتر HI گردید (05/0>P). افزودن والین به جیرههای غذایی تأثیر معنیداری بر غلظت کلسیم استخوان داشت (05/0>P)، اما اثری بر غلظت فسفر استخوان دیده نشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - Effect of Exogenous Oxytocin Administration on the Performance of Lactating Nili Ravi Buffalo
A. Faraz N.A. Tauqir A. Waheed A. Hameed -
Open Access Article
91 - Biochemical and Mineral Profile of South Eastern Algerian Desert Goats (Capra hircus)
N. Hafid T. Meziane B. Maamache M. Belkhiri -
Open Access Article
92 - اثر مکملسازی با نسبت مختلف از مخلوط کنسانتره و برگ اقاقیا تیمار نشده یا تیمار شده با هیدروکسید کلسیم بر مصرف خوراک، قابلیت هضم، ابقا مواد مغذی و پارامترهای تخمیر شکمبهای بز Bale-Arsi تغذیه شده با جیره پایه علوفه گراس
م. بایسا ت. نگس آ. تولراآزمایشی به منظور بررسی اثر جایگزینی یک مکمل کنسانتره با جیره­های پایه برگ اقاقیا در گراس Rhodes (Chlorisgayana) تیمار نشده و یا تیمار شده با هیدروکسید کلسیم (3 درصد وزنی/وزنی) بر مصرف خوراک، قابلیت هضم، ابقا مواد مغذی و پارامترهای تخمیر شکمبه با 54 بز نر یک ساله نژا Moreآزمایشی به منظور بررسی اثر جایگزینی یک مکمل کنسانتره با جیره­های پایه برگ اقاقیا در گراس Rhodes (Chlorisgayana) تیمار نشده و یا تیمار شده با هیدروکسید کلسیم (3 درصد وزنی/وزنی) بر مصرف خوراک، قابلیت هضم، ابقا مواد مغذی و پارامترهای تخمیر شکمبه با 54 بز نر یک ساله نژاد Arsi-Bale (وزن بدن 9/1±78/13 کیلوگرم و سن 12 ماه) انجام شد. آزمایش به مدت 84 روز در قالب طرح فاکتوریل 2 × 5 (فاکتور 1 تیمار قلیایی برگ­ها (تیمار یا تیمار نشده) و فاکتور 2 پنج سطح برگ در مخلوط کنسانتره) انجام شد. تیمارهای جیره­ای شامل: 0UL-: علوفه + 300 گرم مخلوط کنسانتره؛ 25UL-: علوفه + 225 گرم کنسانتره و 75 گرم برگ خشک تیمار نشده، 50UL-: علوفه + 150 گرم کنسانتره و 150 گرم برگ خشک تیمار نشده؛ 75UL-: علوفه + 75 گرم کنسانتره و 225 گرم برگ خشک تیمار نشده؛ 100UL-: علوفه + 300 گرم برگ­های خشک تیمار نشده؛ 0TL-: علوفه + 300 گرم کنسانتره؛ 25TL-: علوفه + 225 گرم کنسانتره و 75 گرم برگ خشک تیمار شده؛ 50TL-: علوفه + 150 گرم کنسانتره و 150 گرم برگ­های خشک تیمار شده؛ 75TL-: علوفه + 75 گرم کنسانتره و 225 گرم برگ های خشک تیمار شده و 100TL-: علوفه + 300 گرم برگ­های خشک تیمار شده بودند. هر دو تیمار هیدروکسید کلسیم و جایگزینی بخشی از مخلوط کنسانتره با پودر برگ اقاقیا (ALM) به طور معنی­داری (05/0­>­P) مقدار عصاره اتری (EE)، فنل کل (TP)، تانن کل (TT) و محتویات CT جیره­های غذایی را کاهش داد. در حالی که، غلظت جیره­ای خاکستر، الیاف نامحلول در شوینده اسیدی (ADF)، لیگنین نامحلول در شوینده اسیدی (ADL) و کلسیم (Ca)؛ مصرف ماده خشک (DM)، پروتئین خام (CP)، فیبر نامحلول در شوینده خنثی (NDF)، نیتروژن، کلسیم و فسفر؛ قابلیت هضم DM، ماده آلی (OM)، CP و NDF؛ غلظت نیتروژن آمونیاکی شکمبه و pH مایع شکمبه به طور معنی­داری (05/0­>­P) توسط تیمار قلیایی و جایگزینی نسبی افزایش یافت. به طور کلی نتایج قابل مقایسه مصرف خوراک، هضم و توازن مواد مغذی زمانی مشاهده شدند که کنسانتره در جیره­ها با ALM تیمار شده به مقدار 75 درصد جایگزین شد و تیمار نشده 50 درصد به ترتیب اهمیت در برابر پودر برگ تیمار نشده مشاهده شد. می­توان نتیجه­گیری نمود که که جایگزینی بخشی از پودر برگ اقاقیا در مخلوط کنسانتره همراه با تیمار هیدروکسید کلسیم در سطح 75 درصد حداکثر منافع را برای بزها نسبت به سطوح دیگر از برگ­های تیمار نشده و یا تیمار شده دارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - Investigation of Differences in Biochemical and Mineral Composition of Urine between Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Crossbred Dairy Cattle
م.م. خان اس. پراساد اف.آ. خان اچ.پ. گوپتا -
Open Access Article
94 - Impact of Diets Containing Varying Levels of Sodium Chloride as a Source of Electrolyte in Broiler Chickens
C.O. Osita C. Ezenwosu E.N. Iloamaka A.O. Ani -
Open Access Article
95 - بررسی اثر متقابل فعالیت دو آنزیم کبدی و برخی مواد معدنی موجود در کبد جوجههای گوشتی
A. Moharreryهدف از انجام این پژوهش بررسی اثر متقابل فعالیت دو آنزیم کبدی و برخی مواد معدنی موجود در کبد جوجه­های گوشتی بوده است. تحقیق بر روی جوجه­های گوشتی نر و ماده از سن 1 تا 56 روزگی انجام شد. اسید مالیک از سن 1 روزگی به آب آشامیدنی جوجهها در غلظتهای صفر (شاهد)، 05/0، Moreهدف از انجام این پژوهش بررسی اثر متقابل فعالیت دو آنزیم کبدی و برخی مواد معدنی موجود در کبد جوجه­های گوشتی بوده است. تحقیق بر روی جوجه­های گوشتی نر و ماده از سن 1 تا 56 روزگی انجام شد. اسید مالیک از سن 1 روزگی به آب آشامیدنی جوجهها در غلظتهای صفر (شاهد)، 05/0، 10/0 و 15/0 درصد اضافه شد و به طور آزاد در اختیار آنها قرار گرفت. جوجهها در سن 56 روزگی کشتار شده و بلافاصله کبد آنها جدا و قسمتی از آن هموژنایز و عصارهگیری شد و در عصارة حاصل، فعالیت آنزیمهای میلیت دهیدروژناز (MDH) و آیزوسیتریت دهیدروژناز (IDH) اندازهگیری شد. مواد معدنی نیز در باقیمانده کبد که در آون خشک شده بود، اندازهگیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که فعالیت IDH با افزایش غلظت میلیت مصرفی افزایش مییابد (05/0P<) ولی فعالیت MDH تفاوت معنیداری را بین تیمارهای تحت آزمون نشان نداد (05/0P<). جوجههای نر نیز 28 درصد بیشتر از جوجههای ماده فعالیت آنزیم IDH نشان دادند (05/0P<). روی و آهن نیز به ترتیب همبستگی معنیداری با فعالیت IDH و MDH نشان دادند (05/0P<). هیچ نوع همبستگی منفی و معنیداری بین غلظت مواد معدنی و غلظت سلنیوم کبد مشاهده نشد (05/0P<). البته همبستگی مثبت و معنیدار بین غلظت سرب، منیزیوم، نیکل، منگنز، جیوه و کبالت در کبد جوجهها مشاهده شد. نتیجه اینکه، افزودن میلیت به آب آشامیدنی جوجهها سبب شد تا غلظت آهن در کبد افزایش یابد اما روی ذخیرهسازی سایر مواد معدنی تأثیر معنیداری مشاهده نگردید. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - اثرات سطوح مختلف مکملهای معدنی و ویتامینی در مرغهای تخمگذار بر عملکرد در طی مرحله اول تخمگذاری
A. Nobakhtآزمایشی به منظور ارزیابی اثرات سطوح مختلف مکملهای معدنی و ویتامینی بر عملکرد مرغهای تخمگذار در سن 37 تا 39 هفتگی انجام گردید. 240 قطعه مرغ تخمگذار سویههای لاین W-36 به صورت تصادفی به 5 تیمار، 4 تکرار و 12 قطعه مرغ در هر تکرار اختصاص داده شد. مکملهای معدنی و ویتامی Moreآزمایشی به منظور ارزیابی اثرات سطوح مختلف مکملهای معدنی و ویتامینی بر عملکرد مرغهای تخمگذار در سن 37 تا 39 هفتگی انجام گردید. 240 قطعه مرغ تخمگذار سویههای لاین W-36 به صورت تصادفی به 5 تیمار، 4 تکرار و 12 قطعه مرغ در هر تکرار اختصاص داده شد. مکملهای معدنی و ویتامینی در این آزمایش در سطوح (0، 25/0 درصد (بر اساس توصیه کارخانه)، 35/0 درصد، 45/0 درصد و 55/0 درصد در تغذیه مرغهای تخمگذار مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که استفاده از سطوح مختلف مکملهای معدنی و ویتامینی عملکرد مرغهای تخمگذار را به صورت معنیداری تحت تأثیر قرار میدهد (05/0>P). بیشترین درصد تخمگذاری (48/83)، بیشترین توده تخممرغ تولیدی (89/47 گرم)، بهترین ضریب تبدیل خوراک (09/2) و کمترین هزینه خوراک به ازای هر کیلوگرم تخممرغ تولیدی (6760 ریال) در گروهی که از 45/0 درصد از مکملهای معدنی و ویتامینی در جیره استفاده شده بود، مشاهده گردید. سطوح مختلف مکملهای معدنی و ویتامینی وزن تخممرغها، مقدار خوراک مصرفی روزانه و صفات کیفی تخممرغ را تحت تأثیر قرار ندادند. نتایج نهایی این آزمایش نشان داد که در جریان مرحله اول تخمگذاری مرغهای تخمگذار، افزایش سطح مکملهای معدنی و ویتامینی جیره تا 45/0 درصد میتواند عملکرد را بهبود داده و هزینه تولید تخممرغ را کاهش دهد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - The feasibility for replacement of urea with nitrogen nano-chelated fertilizer in olive (Olea europaea L.) orchards
Zohre Rohi Vishekaii Ali Soleimani Mahmood Ghasemnezhad Akbar Hasani -
Open Access Article
98 - Selenium enhances nutrient uptake and rosmarinic acid biosynthesis in Melissa officinalis L. under salinity stress
Sara ghasemian Nahid Masoudian Fatemeh Saeid Nematpour Akbar Safipour Afshar -
Open Access Article
99 - The effect of the silicon and aluminum interaction on the physiological parameters of maize.
Kourosh Delavar Faezeh Ghanati Hassan Zare-Maivan Mehrdad Behmanesh -
Open Access Article
100 - The role of Demineralized Bone Matrix (DBM) in bone defect healing in animal and human models
somayeh monazzahusually Bone defect occurs because of cysts, tumors, osteotomies, etc... During the past 50 years, various materials have been used as bone substitutes and bone graft. There is no ideal bone substitute or bone graft for use in all conditions. Bone grafting include: auto Moreusually Bone defect occurs because of cysts, tumors, osteotomies, etc... During the past 50 years, various materials have been used as bone substitutes and bone graft. There is no ideal bone substitute or bone graft for use in all conditions. Bone grafting include: autograft, allograft, xenograft , and santetic material. Synthetic DBM is commonly used as an allograft, characterized by osteoinduction and osteoconduction but without osteogenicity due to processing.DBM is achieved when the minerals of bone be removed by using acid ( usually HCL or nitric acid ) Using DBM is affordable and available in abundance. There are numerous DBM formulations based on their manufacturing techniques. They are used as frozen powders, granules, gels, cements or tapes. DBM is used for bone defects healing because of cysts, tumors, etc… and especially in long bones defects. In most studies, the use of DBM in bone defect repair has been effective and useful. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - Effect of Fertilizer and Soil Compactness Interaction on N, P and K in the Culture of Lawn
S. Javahery H. Zarei S. A. R. Movahedi Naeini G. Roshani M. EftekhariUnder favorable soil conditions such as existence of easily destructible organic compounds, balanced heat and moisture, adequate ventilation and abundant nutrients, organic materials are mineralized. Once mineralizing occurs, mineral elements like P, S, Ca, Mg, K and ot MoreUnder favorable soil conditions such as existence of easily destructible organic compounds, balanced heat and moisture, adequate ventilation and abundant nutrients, organic materials are mineralized. Once mineralizing occurs, mineral elements like P, S, Ca, Mg, K and other cations are released. A related study was conducted to determine the effect of seven organic fertilizers (Leaf Mold (LM), Rice Husk (RH), manure, Spent Mushroom Compost (SMC), mixture of LM, RH and SMC (M1), mixture of LM, RH and manure (M2) with the ratio of 1: 1: 1 and control) at three levels of soil compactness (roller weight of 36, 56 and 76 kg) on N, P, K content of soil and aril parts of sport lawn. Treatments were applied as strip plot design in three replications, in research farm of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources during 2008-2009. According to the results of this study, in all three compactness levels, treatments containing manure and SMC showed more N and K in contrast to control treatment. The most content of soil P in each compactness level was observed in plots fertilized with manure. The manure and control treatments showed the most and the least amount of plant nitrogen in all compactness treatments respectively. The manure and SMC treatments and also treatments containing these organic matters increased plant phosphorus content in compare with RH, LM and control treatments. Also in three compactness, manure and SMC treatments showed more plant potassium in contrast to control. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - The study of Nickel Sulfuric and Platinum group in Abdasht ultramafic massive
Siamak Bagherian Esmail Darvishi -
Open Access Article
103 - Applications of SEM-EDAX method in study of Baba-Ali & Galali iron ore, west of Hamedan
Godratollah Rostami Paydar Mohammad Lotfi Majid Ghaderi Mansor Vossoughi-Abedini Azadeh Amiri -
Open Access Article
104 - Evaluate the clay minerals physicochemical properties on Bonab swelling soils
Dariush Ahadi Ravoshti Kazem Hashemimajd -
Open Access Article
105 - Geochemistry, mineralogy and genesis of Antimony mineralization in Choopan area, South Khorasan
Ali Nokhbatolfoghahai Mehrdad Behzadi Ahmad Khakzad Mohammad Yazdi -
Open Access Article
106 - Spatial Association of Mineralization and Fractures in Meiduk Porphyry Copper Mine
Ali Mehrabi Reza Derakhshani Jafar Rahnamarad -
Open Access Article
107 - Silurian undersea basalts in VMS mineralization in the North-East of Shahrood
Abodelreza Jafarian -
Open Access Article
108 - Laboratory study to measure the swelling potential of fine-grained clay soils: A case study for Malekan city
Mehrdad Amiri Parisa Khosravi Dariush Ahadi Ravoshti -
Open Access Article
109 - Assessment of the clay mineralogy effect on Ajabshir soils’ physicochemical characteristics and swelling phenomenon
Maryam Golnezhad Dariush Ahadi Ravoshti -
Open Access Article
110 - Investigation of the swelling aspect from Marageh city’s clayey soil based on mineralogy effects and physicochemical properties
Dariush Ahadi Ravoshti Maryam Golnezhad -
Open Access Article
111 - Nanostructures prepared from natural ilmenite mineral for rapid degradation of furazolidone in heterogeneous Fenton process
Hamideh Haghighat Mehrangiz Fathinia Siavash FathiniaIn this study, for the first time, ilmenen-hematon nanostructures were prepared from natural ilmenite mineral by the exfoliation process in the presence of ultrasound wave for rapid degradation of furazolidone contaminant. The aim of the present study was to increase th MoreIn this study, for the first time, ilmenen-hematon nanostructures were prepared from natural ilmenite mineral by the exfoliation process in the presence of ultrasound wave for rapid degradation of furazolidone contaminant. The aim of the present study was to increase the reduction efficiency of iron (II) in the heterogeneous Fenton process by preparing ilmenn-Hematon nanostructures from its natural mineral. The effect of organic solvents such as dimethylformamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidine, isopropyl, and toluene to produce relevant nanostructures during the exfoliation process in the presence of ultrasound waves and as well as the effect of the obtained nanocatalyst in the heterogeneous Fenton process to degrade the pharmaceutical pollutant furazolidone, were investigated. The obtained results showed that the exfoliation process in the liquid phase by ultrasound wave in the presence of dimethylformamide solvent was successful and the band gap is reduced from 3.57 eV in the natural mineral ilmenite to 2.2 eV in the prepared nanocatalyst from it. The ability to absorb light and the degradation efficiency of furazolidone drug under visible light increased and after 60 minutes reached to a maximum of 95.5%. Optimal values of effective parameters for furazolidone degradation were modeled by experimental design using the response surface method (RSM) and Design-Expert7 software. The physical and chemical characteristics of the prepared nanocatalyst were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), dot mapping, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), and Diffuse reflection spectroscopy (DRS) methods and the reproducibility of the prepared nanocatalyst was investigated during 6 cycles of the process. Also, the characteristics of the catalyst used in the reproducibility cycle were studied using XRD and FTIR techniques. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - Green synthesis of Ag nanoparticles on the calcite support using Salix aegyptiaca leaf extract and its catalytic activity investigation in removal of dyes
akbar Rostami leila rostamiIn this work, Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were immobilized on the surface of mineral calcite (CaCO3) using leaf extract of pussy willow (Salix aegyptiaca) as reducing and stabilizing agent. Conversion of Ag+ to Ag NPs was carried out within a few minutes at room temperatu MoreIn this work, Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were immobilized on the surface of mineral calcite (CaCO3) using leaf extract of pussy willow (Salix aegyptiaca) as reducing and stabilizing agent. Conversion of Ag+ to Ag NPs was carried out within a few minutes at room temperature. The calcite and its Ag nanocomposite (Ag NPs/Calcite) were characterized by fourier transform infrared (FTIR), ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) couplied with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS or EDX), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The broad peaks between 450-500 nm in the UV-Vis spectrum of silver nanoparticles and Ag NPs/Calcite is assigned to a surface plasmon absorption. According to the TEM image, the average size of the Ag NPs on the surface of calcite surface was 11 nm. The Ag NPs/Calcite nanocomposite was used in the catalytic reduction reaction of methyl orange (MO), methylen blue (MB), and rhodamine B (RhB). The catalyst was reused three times without considerable loss in its activity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - Sedimentology and mineralogical characteristics of the coastal sediments in the southern part of the Caspian Sea (Iran)
H. BagheriCaspian Sea isa unique laboratory, for studying all aspects of oceanography and coastal geology. The main aim of this study was to investigate: textural andmineralogicalcharacteristics ofcoastlinedeposits in the south Caspian Sea. Initially, 100 sediment sampleswere tak MoreCaspian Sea isa unique laboratory, for studying all aspects of oceanography and coastal geology. The main aim of this study was to investigate: textural andmineralogicalcharacteristics ofcoastlinedeposits in the south Caspian Sea. Initially, 100 sediment sampleswere taken in summer2014, along 700 km of the southern Caspian Sea coasts (from HosseinGholi Bay to Astara, one sample per 5-8 km).In addition, after sampling, coastal geomorphology and structures were evaluated and manypictures were taken. Optical mineralogy and grain size analysis were performed on sediments. Heavy mineralsincluding ilmenite, magnetite and goethite, pyroxene, apatite, zircon and garnet and also light minerals included quartz, plagioclase, orthoclase, carbonate fragments and bivalveswere identified. Mapping the distribution of minerals showed that eastern coastline sediments are rich in light minerals and carbonate fragments derived mainly from the erosion of Kopeh-Dagh Mountains. The central and western coast is dominated by heavy minerals, primarily ilmenite and magnetite that are supplied by the Sefidrud River. The moderate abundance of light minerals in the central region results from the sediment flux of the rivers that drain the Cenozoic and Quaternary volcanic coverage and Mesozoic sedimentary deposits.A closer look and compliance with regional geological maps, mineral distribution and beach slope,it was found that in the regions of the study area that the sea slope in the shallow parts are steep and slope of the beach is gentle (east Mazandaran and central parts of gilan province) distribution of heavy minerals such as magnetite and goethite is higher than other areas, while the distribution of Gabbro-Dioritic, and carbonate fragments are more in steep beachareas andareas of sea bed with gentle slope (West of Gilan and Mazandaran). Also gravely coasts are formed in the steep sea bed and beach areas, as the small particles and light mineralsare washed away in these areas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - Determination of nutritional value and mineral elements of red algae Hypnea flagelliformis from Bandar Abbas , Persian Gulf
Sh. Safaeian K. Larijani M. Talebzadeh Sh. ShabaniIn this study chemical composition (protein, fat, carbohydrates, fiber, Ash) and mineral elements (Fe, Mg, Ca, K, Na, I, P, Se, Mn, Zn, Cu) in the red algae Hypnea flagelliformis of Persian Gulf coast in winter 2010 and spring 2011 were analyzed in triplicates. Results MoreIn this study chemical composition (protein, fat, carbohydrates, fiber, Ash) and mineral elements (Fe, Mg, Ca, K, Na, I, P, Se, Mn, Zn, Cu) in the red algae Hypnea flagelliformis of Persian Gulf coast in winter 2010 and spring 2011 were analyzed in triplicates. Results showed that amount of energy in100 gr of red algae H. flagelliformis in spring was 179. 962 kcal and in winter it was169.872 kcal. Chemical analysis of H. flagelliformis red algae in winter showed that average amounts of protein, carbohydrates, fat, fiber and ash were %15.366 ± 0. 0283 ,%25.851 ± 0.12037,%0.556 ± 0.0351, %0.976 ± 0.0045 and %14.873 ± 0.040 dry weight respectively. Also in spring amounts of these factors were %17.851 ± 0.0045, %26.3003 ± 0.025, %0.3733 ± 0.0057, %1.177 ± 0.052 and %15.263 ± 0.0416 dry weight respectively. Most protein, carbohydrate and fiber belonged to spring algae. This is considerable because of high amount of protein in red algae than green algae and brown. The analysis of red algae H. flagelliformis showed that the average amount of this elements in winter was respectively, Fe (290.76 ± 0.1527), Mg (1286.6 ± 2.516), Ca (2618.6 ± 0.577), K (1638.9 ± 0.776), Na (1854.3 ± 2.081), I (6.338 ± 0.2749), P (56.3 ± 0.3), Se (44.7 ± 0.3605), Mn (4.94 ± 0.305), Zn (2.16 ± 0.208) and Cu (1.16 ± 0.0251) mg per 100 gr of dry matter. The amount of these elements in spring, was Fe (233.9 ± 2.891), Mg (1028 ± 2) , Ca (4356.3 ± 2.516) , K ( 1977.6 ± 5.631) , Na ( 2898.6 ± 0.577) , I (7.16 ± 0.05715) , P (53.6 ± 0.3) , Se (40.7 ± 0.2) , Mn (8.05 ± 0.02) , Zn ( 5.2 ±0.173) and Cu( 1. 43 ± 0.0378) mg per 100 gr of dry matter respectively. results showed that there is a significant difference between the average chemical composition, macro elements and micro elemans in winter and spring (P<0.01). Average iodine elements in two seasons didn’t show significant difference (P>0.01). The results of chemical analysis in the red algae Hypnea flagelliformis suggest more investigations in case of high level of Iodine, Selenium, Iron, Magnesium, Calcium, Sodium, Potassium as a good supplement. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - Changes of chemical composition of brown algae Padina boergesenii collected from Qeshm coastal zone
Sh. Safaeian M.H. Givianrad Sh. FarzadmaneshIn this study chemical composition (ash, protein, fiber, fat and carbohydrates) and mineral contents (Na, Ca, K, Fe, Mn, Mg, Zn, Cu, Co, Se and P) of Padina boergesenii collected from the Persian Gulf in the winter of 1389 and spring of 1390 have studied. Results indica MoreIn this study chemical composition (ash, protein, fiber, fat and carbohydrates) and mineral contents (Na, Ca, K, Fe, Mn, Mg, Zn, Cu, Co, Se and P) of Padina boergesenii collected from the Persian Gulf in the winter of 1389 and spring of 1390 have studied. Results indicate that the nutritional value of brown algae Padina boergesenii was 114.37 kilo calories in the spring and 154.208 kilo calories in the winter. Chemical analysis of the brown alga Padina boergesenii indicated these amounts of Protein, ash, carbohydrates, fat and fiber: (%12.26 ± 0.015), (%13.28 ± 0.01), (%25.97 ± 5.634), (%0.14 ± 0.036) and (%4.67 ± 0.709) DW in the spring and (%12.63 ± 0.042), (11.14 ± 0.01), (%15.24 ± 0.649), (%0.32 ± 0.032) and (%3.8 ± 0.112) DW in the winter, respectively. Difference between the means of protein, fat, ash and carbohydrates in spring and winter is meaningful (P ≤ 0.05); difference between the means of fiber in mentioned seasons is (P ≥ 0.05). Analysis of mineral contents of brown algae Padina boergesenii indicates these amounts for Fe, Ca, Na, K, Mg, Se were (1160.333 ± 19.85), (7554 ± 29.799), (10874.74 ± 1646.958), (10594.6 ± 692.67), (5569.33 ± 11.015) and (572 ± 9) ppm in the spring respectively also these values in the winter are (2265.667 ± 224.5982), (7820.93 ± 60.9008), (8728 ± 1032.42), (4612.97 ± 609.99), (6805.33 ± 154.212) and (526 ± 14.047) ppm respectively, therefore, it can be said that Potassium, Sodium and Selenium have higher amounts in the spring and difference between the means of potassium, iron, calcium, magnesium, selenium is meaningful in the brown algae Padina boergesenii (P ≤ 0.05); difference between the means of sodium is meaningless (P ≥ 0.05). Reference made to the results of this study regarding chemical and mineral composition specially Protein percentage and amounts of Selenium, Calcium, Potassium, Padina boergesenii is a recommended candidate as food supplement. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - The Mineralogical Effect on the Mesophilic Bioleaching of Copper from Smelter Dust and Flotation Concentrate
Ali Behzad Zahra Manafi Mohammad RanjbarBackground and objectives: Nowadays, bacteria are widely used to recover copper from waste, ore, and concentrate. It is very important to understand bacterial performance in relation to materials with different mineralogy in order to select appropriate bacteria and impr MoreBackground and objectives: Nowadays, bacteria are widely used to recover copper from waste, ore, and concentrate. It is very important to understand bacterial performance in relation to materials with different mineralogy in order to select appropriate bacteria and improve bioleaching processes with high performance. As a consequence, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of smelter dust and flotation concentrate mineralogy on copper recovery from the materials using mesophilic bacteria. Materials and Methods: The effect of processing material mineralogy on biological extraction of copper was investigated using a couple of material with different mineralogy, metallurgical dust and concentrate of Sarcheshmeh copper complex. Bioleaching experiments were performed by using mixed culture of A. ferrooxidans, A. thiooxidans and L. ferrooxidans from Sarcheshmeh Copper Mine in shaker utensils. Results: Metallurgical dust mostly contained secondary sulphides products such as chalcocite and covellite, and concentrate mostly contained primary sulphides product such as chalcopyrite. The extraction rate of copper was achieved 0.835 g/L/day and 0.403 g/L/day from dust and concentrate, respectively. Also, kinetic studies showed that the rate constants of dust and concentrate were 0.125 day-1 and 0.010 day-1, respectively. Conclusion: The impact of mineralogical characteristics of the material on bioleaching operations was significant. Due to highly solubility rates of secondary sulphides, recovery rate and a higher overall copper recovery was obtained from dust in comparison to concentrate. Chalcopyrite oxidation was stopped at relatively low amounts (about 44%) and additional bioleaching time have not been improve it. The experiments showed that standard mesophilic culture at 35 ° C was very successful in bioleaching of secondary sulfide minerals, but bioleaching of primary copper sulfide minerals especially chalcopyrite by the culture was not effective. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - Effect of Growth Stage on the Macro Mineral Concentrations of Forbs and Grasses in a Semi-arid Region of Sudan
Sahar Ezzat Babo Fadlalla Hala Ahmed -
Open Access Article
118 - The Response of Topsoil Properties and Nitrogen Transformation to Land Cover in a Semi-arid Rangeland (Case Study: Kojur Rangeland in Mazandaran Province, Iran)
Nastaran Armat Ghasem Ali Dianati Tilaki Yahya Kooch -
Open Access Article
119 - Effect of different crops rotation with rice, N rate and N split application on crop grain yield
Sajjad Rezaei Noupashani Hashem AminpanahTo evaluate the effect of previous crop, N rate and N split application on rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Hashemi) growth and paddy yield, a field experiment was conducted at Sowma'ehSara, Guilan province, in 2014 as a split-factorial arrangement based on Randomized Complete MoreTo evaluate the effect of previous crop, N rate and N split application on rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Hashemi) growth and paddy yield, a field experiment was conducted at Sowma'ehSara, Guilan province, in 2014 as a split-factorial arrangement based on Randomized Complete Block Design with three replicates. Main plots were previous crop [Berseem clover, faba bean, and control (fallow)] and subplots were the factorial arrangement of N rate (50, 75, and 100 percent of N recommended rate which was 50, 75 and 100 kg Urea ha-1, respectively) and N split application (100 percent at transplanting stage, 100 percent at tillering stage, and 50 percent at transplanting stage and 50 percent at panicle initiation). Results showed that rice paddy yield was significantly affected by previous crop and N rate, but N split application had no significant effect on paddy yield. The highest paddy yield (4142.8 kg ha-1) was obtained when rice was cultivated after berseem clover and the lowest paddy yield (3494.0 kg ha-1) was obtained when rice was cultivated after faba bean. Rice paddy yield was increased significantly by 8% as N application rate increased from 50 to 78 kg urea ha-1, but further increase in N rate (100 kg urea ha-1) had no significant effect on paddy yield. Based on the result of this experiment, the highest rice paddy (4142.8 kg ha-1) was obtained when rice was cultivated after berseem clover and N was applied at the rate of 75 kg urea ha-1. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - Nutritional values of Halocnemum strobilaceum (Pall.) M. Bieb. and Halostachys caspica (Pall.) C. A. Meyer in different phenological stages (Case study: north-western rangelands of Golestan province)
Majid Sharifi-Rad غلامعلی حشمتی محمد باقر باقریه نجارThis research was performed to determine the nutritional values of Halocnemum strobilaceum and Halostachys caspica and study the effects of different phenological stages (vegetative, flowering, seeding) on the chemical composition in these species. The results showed th MoreThis research was performed to determine the nutritional values of Halocnemum strobilaceum and Halostachys caspica and study the effects of different phenological stages (vegetative, flowering, seeding) on the chemical composition in these species. The results showed that crude protein, ADF, NDF, DDM, ash, EE, ME, DMI, RFV, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, copper, zinc, iron and manganese were different significantly in different phenological stages (p<0.05). With the growth progress, ADF and NDF increased but crude protein, DDM, DMI, ME and RFV decreased significantly in both species (P<0.05). Results showed that H. caspica had better quality than H. Strobilaceum (RFV: H. caspica> H. strobilaceum). The content of sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, copper, iron, manganese measured at different growth stages, were more than critical level for ruminants.; however, the content of phosphorus and zinc were less than critical level. Generally, mineral elements of two species are provided all elements livestock needs, except zinc and phosphorus. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - Mineral Profiling of Various Pine Nut Species Cultivated in Egypt
Samah Sajad Kadim Muataz Mohammed Al-Taee Hamza Radhi Ammar Dham Ashwaq Talib Kareem Hussam Abdullah Abbas Majeed M. Abid -
Open Access Article
122 - The Effect of Salicylic Acid and Potassium on Some Characteristics Nut and Physiological Parameters of Pistachio Trees Cv. Owhadi
H.R. Karimi S. Sevandi- Nasab H. R. Roosta -
Open Access Article
123 - Contributions of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi to Growth, Biomass and Nutrient Status of Pistachio Seedlings under Saline Conditions
S. Soleimanian H. Abbaspour A.R. Mohammadi Nafchi -
Open Access Article
124 - study of different percentage of alcalase enzyme on the fish protein hydrolysate properties from silver carp viscera
tayebeh dahaz mehdi zarei hoda jasemian fardThe aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of the protein hydrolyzate from silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) viscera using different percentages of Alcalase. For this purpose, hydrolyzed proteins were produced using different percentages of Alc MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of the protein hydrolyzate from silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) viscera using different percentages of Alcalase. For this purpose, hydrolyzed proteins were produced using different percentages of Alcalase and the samples were analyzed for the amount of total protein, moisture, fat, ash, soluble protein, hydrolisis degree, nitrogen recovery, amounts of minerals and color parameters (brightness, redness and yellowness). According to the results, increased the amounts of percentage of enzyme to substrate led to increase the amounts of moisture, fat, nitrogen recovery and red index and decrease the amounts of ash, brightness and yellowness index. In general, by increasing the percentage of Alcalase to the substrate, to a specified amount, that in this study was 1.5 percent, the degree of hydrolysis increased, but then, a further increase in the amount of the enzyme led to reduce the degree of hydrolysis and had negative effects on the other experiments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - Removal of Acid Red 33 from Aqueous Solution by Fenton and Photo Fenton Processes
Aref Shokri -
Open Access Article
126 - Estimation of Daily Intake and Mineral Content of Ice Cream in Bangladesh
Palash Kumar Dhar Muhammad Sarwar Hossain Md. Nazim Uddin -
Open Access Article
127 - The Importance of Minerals in the Nutrition of the Main Farming Species of the Shrimp Industry
Moslem SharifiniaThe presence of minerals in aquatic food is necessary due to their vital role in physical activities. Shrimps of the Panaeid family are valuable aquatic animals that live widely in tropical and subtropical waters and account for more than half of the world's gross shrim MoreThe presence of minerals in aquatic food is necessary due to their vital role in physical activities. Shrimps of the Panaeid family are valuable aquatic animals that live widely in tropical and subtropical waters and account for more than half of the world's gross shrimp production. The purpose of the upcoming study is to investigate the knowledge and information available in the field of mineral nutrition in shrimps of the Panaideh family. Also, the present study will examine how the aquatic environment and the life cycle of shrimp affect the needs and role of minerals in the health of shrimp. In addition to the cases mentioned in this review, the methods of supplying minerals to shrimps through water or feed or the use of mineral supplements in the diet have been discussed. The results of various studies showed that the estimation of dietary requirements for most minerals in the main species of shrimp farming (Penaeus vannamei, Penaeus monodon and Penaeus japonicus) is wide and some essential minerals have not been studied. Moreover, currently there is no comprehensive and sufficient information on the requirements of important minerals such as iron, manganese, selenium and zinc as well as other rare minerals for predominant species of farmed shrimp and even in some cases there is no information at all. For example, the magnesium requirements of P. monodon have not yet been confirmed. In general, it can be concluded that more knowledge is needed to understand the mineral needs in different life stages of farmed shrimp, including the critical stages of molting.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - The Effect of Different Dietary Zinc Sources on the Egg Production, Sex Hormone Concentration and Blood Zinc Serum of Broiler Breeders
Mehdi Jafari Mehrdad Irani Vahid RezaeipourThis study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different dietary zinc sources on the egg production, sex hormone concentration and blood zinc serum of broiler breeders of Ross strain 308. Two hundred birds in 4 treatments and 5 replications and 10 birds in each expe MoreThis study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different dietary zinc sources on the egg production, sex hormone concentration and blood zinc serum of broiler breeders of Ross strain 308. Two hundred birds in 4 treatments and 5 replications and 10 birds in each experimental unit at the age of 45 weeks were tested in a completely randomized design. Experimental groups included: 1-Birds fed the basal diet without any addition of zinc, 2- Birds fed diet supplemented by 110 mg Zn (sulfate)/kg of diet, 3- Birds fed diet supplemented by 110 mg Zn (organic)/kg of diet and 4-Birds fed diet supplemented with 110 mg Zn (hydroxide)/kg of diet. In this study, egg production traits as well as zinc serum, estrogen and progesterone concentrations of experimental birds were measured at 32 and 45 weeks of the experiment. The results of egg production showed that there was a significant difference between experimental treatments (p <0.05). The highest and lowest number of eggs produced were in treatment containing organic zinc and control treatment, respectively. Zinc serum concentrations at 32 and 45 weeks of the experiment were significantly different between experimental treatments (p <0.05). The highest and lowest zinc serum concentrations were in treatment containing organic zinc and control treatment, respectively. No significant difference was observed in serum concentrations in the blood of broiler breeders. The results of serum estrogen and progesterone concentrations showed that there was a significant difference between experimental treatments (p <0.05). The highest and lowest concentrations of sex hormones were in the treatment containing organic zinc and the control treatment, respectively. The overall results of the study showed that the use of organic zinc supplementation in broiler breeders’ diet significantly increased zinc serum levels as well as sex hormones. Also, organic zinc supplementation significantly improved egg production among the studied birds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
129 - The Interactive effect of 12 weeks of aerobic training and the intake of multivitamin minerals supplementation on indicators of male pulmonary function in the expose of urban polluted air
Saber Rezanejad Mehdi Kargarfard Akram Khani Rozveh -
Open Access Article
130 - Effect of Organic and Inorganic Sources of Nitrogen on Maize Yield,N Uptake and Soil Fertility
Adnan khan Syed Azam Shah Haroon Haroon Ibadullah Ibadullah Imran Azeem Kashif Khan Imran Khan Sajid alimineral and organic N sources (farmyard manure) on maize yield, N uptake and soil fertility was assisted in the field experiment carriedout on silty clay loam soil at new developmental farm of the university of agriculture, Peshawar Pakistanduring 2014. Combined dose of Moremineral and organic N sources (farmyard manure) on maize yield, N uptake and soil fertility was assisted in the field experiment carriedout on silty clay loam soil at new developmental farm of the university of agriculture, Peshawar Pakistanduring 2014. Combined dose of N provided from all sources was applied @150 kg ha-1. There were four replications and 6 treatmentsi.e., (T1) control, (T2) 150 kg N ha-1 from mineral source, (T3) 150 kg ha-1 from FYM, (T4) 25% FYM + 75% mineral N, (T5) 50% FYM + 50% N and (T6) 75% FYM + 25% mineral N. Maize variety (Azam) was sown in RCB design. Data on plant height, grain yield and stover yield were recorded in maize. Samples of grain and stover were analyzed for total N to determine its uptake by the crop. Results indicated that greatest plant height of 221.85 cm, maximum grain yield of 2046.12 kg ha-1 and straw yield of 7004.73kg ha-1 were obtained from treatment where 25% N was applied from farm yard manure and 75% from mineral fertilizer.Agronomic efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency were also found higher in the treatmentwhere 25% N were applied from farm yard manure and 75% from mineral fertilizer. Soil total N, organic matter and available P were significantly affected by the . It was concluded that combination of organic and mineral N sources in ratio 25:75 are the best combination to achieve sustainable yield and soil fertility. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - Effect of minerals on some immune factors of trout fish (Oncorhynchs mykiss)
Pooyan Bahman Hooman Rajabi Islami Mehdi Soltani The most basic needs of fish breeders is the enhancing the immune system and increasing growth and survival of fishes in their early life stages. Therefore, an experiment was designed to determine the effect of mineral supplementary on the survival More The most basic needs of fish breeders is the enhancing the immune system and increasing growth and survival of fishes in their early life stages. Therefore, an experiment was designed to determine the effect of mineral supplementary on the survival of fishes and some safety variables were investigated on rainbow trout fish (Oncorhynchs mykiss) at a fish farm located in Amol. This supplementary included 8 mineral materials the zinc, copper, cobalt, manganese, magnesium, selenium and iron. Six diets containing different amounts of mineral premixes with 2, 3 and 4% of the minerals of treatment 1 were designed. Seven hundred young fishes with initial weight 40 ± 1 g were divided into 6 treatments and 3 replications and 40 young fishes were randomly assigned to any place. Young fishes were fed the diets for 12 weeks. In all experiments, control treatment has the lowest level of the safety variable of fish. The results showed that the survival rate of young fishes in all treatments was 100% and no deformity, such as changing the gill cover, unusual swimming with horizontal and vertical curvature of the spine of rainbow trout fishes was observed during the 12 week period of culture. Also, the significant differences were observed between total protein, hematocrit, white blood cells, red blood cells and albumin (P≤0.05). Some parameters of hematology of fishes were analyzed in twice sampling. It was not observed significant differences between two times of sampling, but in treatments in the differential count of white and red blood cells were observed the significant differences (P≤0.05). Furthermore, more safety level related to treatments 1 and U. The results showed that the amount of minerals to improve safety indices of rainbow trout young fishes compared to the diet recommended U is one percent more. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - Effects of Seed Coating on Germination rate of Triticum aestivum Var. Zagros in Soil moisture levels and Sowing Depths
Hamid Reza MehrabiSeed coating one of the methods seed amplifier in which various materials attach to the outer surface of the seed to minimize negative environmental impacts and improve plant establishment. This research in order to study the effects of different methods of seed coating MoreSeed coating one of the methods seed amplifier in which various materials attach to the outer surface of the seed to minimize negative environmental impacts and improve plant establishment. This research in order to study the effects of different methods of seed coating on the germination of Triticum aesativum Zagros variety in Different Soil moisture levels and Sowing Depth and was conducted in a growth chamber with farming soil as factorial in a completely randomized design with four replications. Treatment of coating materials include four levels: none coverage (NC), mineral matter (CC), material with organic base (OC) and material with hydrogel base (HC), soil moisture treatment in three levels including 9%, 14% and 21% of dry soil weight, planting depth treatment in both levels of surface cultivation and three times of the diameter of the seed was used. During testing germination percentage was evaluated, the results showed that all main effects of treatments (coating materials, soil moisture and planting depth) on germination of Triticum aesativum Zagros variety at 1% is significant. The interaction between treatments of soil moisture and seed cover, as well as treatments of planting depth and seed cover, on the germination percentage significanted (p <0.01). The interaction between soil moisture and planting depth treatments as well as the triple effects of sowing depth, soil moisture and seed cover on germination percentage was not significant (p> 0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - Effects of seaweed extract Sargassumboveanum on physiological characteristics of Menthapiperita
hanieh Hedayatifard mansoureh KhalatbariThis research was accomplished in 2016 at greenhouse for study of different concentration effects of seaweed (Sargassum) extract on qualitative and quantitative characteristics of Menthapiperita. Present research was done in a factorial design with a completely randomiz MoreThis research was accomplished in 2016 at greenhouse for study of different concentration effects of seaweed (Sargassum) extract on qualitative and quantitative characteristics of Menthapiperita. Present research was done in a factorial design with a completely randomized four replications. The main factor was different concentrations of seaweed extract with 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 percent, while the subplot was different spray time in two period types of every 5 and 10 days. The results showed that the concentration of chlorophyll a in peppermint increased with decreasing the time of foliar application and was not significant at different concentrations of algal extract in 30 and 40% treatments on the studied traits. The effect of different concentrations of sargassum algae extract on plant minerals including nitrogen was positive at a concentration of 20% in 10 days of treatment. Therefore, in order to increase the protein and essential oil of peppermint, the concentrations of sargassum extract in this study can be used. In general, it can be concluded that the use of algae extract in the production of peppermint was not considered appropriate due to reduced growth rate and no positive effect on plant essential oil, and from concentrations of 20% or more as a herbicide can be Used. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
134 - The effects of different levels of mineral and vitamin premixes on performance and blood metabolites of laying hens on corn base diets
علی نوبختAn experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of mineral and vitamin premixes on performance, egg traits and blood parameters of laying hens in late laying period on corn – soybean base diets. Experiment was carried out in a completely ra MoreAn experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of mineral and vitamin premixes on performance, egg traits and blood parameters of laying hens in late laying period on corn – soybean base diets. Experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with 240 Hi-Line (W36) laying hens from 65-76 weeks of age with 5 treatments, 3 replicates and 12 hens in each replicate. The levels of mineral and vitamin premixes in experiment diets were 0, 0.25 (factory recommended level), 0.35%, 0.45% and 0.55% and fed to laying hens for 12 weeks. The results showed that using different levels of mineral and vitamin premixes significantly affect the performance and egg traits of laying hens (P0.05). The overall results indicated that in laying hens in late laying period on corn base diets, 0.45% of mineral and vitamin premixes can improve their performance and decrease the feed price for production each kilogram of egg. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
135 - The charm of stone and colour in the old texts
Florence NamjouyanSince antiquity the curious mind of man was in search of stars to know his fate and destiny. The inhabitants of the Earth looked also at the stones and metals. Beads, precious and semi precious stones with their special colours and magical effects like happiness, MoreSince antiquity the curious mind of man was in search of stars to know his fate and destiny. The inhabitants of the Earth looked also at the stones and metals. Beads, precious and semi precious stones with their special colours and magical effects like happiness, unhappiness, charm, keeping the evil forces ie the evil eye at bay and increasing fortune, have preoccupied the mind of man. Hence the present article is an attempt to search in the old middle texts (Pahlavi and Soghdi) and Islamic texts in order to find a trace of beads in ancient Iran. Texts in which the characteristic magical properties of beads and the connection of some of them with stars has been described in such a way that perhaps one could introduce the universe as to the source of these Earth beads. Next, the properties of beads and a sample of the wonders of hexagonal beads with colours green, red, blue, yellow, black and violet based on Islamic sources of mineralogy are given. Finally by correlating the beads with Shahnameh, we have spoken about the strong belief in this ancient legacy in the popular culture of what is known as the symbolic imagery of natural phenomena translated into a palpable and visible language. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - The effect of cotton, maize, wheat and alfalfa residues on soil ammonium and nitrate concentrations
Kambiz Poori Behnam Kamkar Seyyed Alireza Movahhedi NaeiniThis study was conducted to investigate the effects of crop residues on mineral nitrogen rates of soil using four crop residues of cotton, maize, wheat and alfalfa, urea treatment (90 kg/ha) and control based on completely randomized block design with four replica MoreThis study was conducted to investigate the effects of crop residues on mineral nitrogen rates of soil using four crop residues of cotton, maize, wheat and alfalfa, urea treatment (90 kg/ha) and control based on completely randomized block design with four replications. N fertilizer (urea) was added to residues, in terms of C/N ratio and calculation of nitrogen factor, before incorporating them into the soil to eliminate immobilization. Values of nitrate and ammonium were measured in different stages including tillering, stem elongation, booting, anthesis and physiological ripening. Total N released from alfalfa and wheat residues were 74.66 and 68.23 kg/ha, respectively. Total N mineralized from crop residues was not significant compared with urea treatment. In stage by stage analyses, the lowest and the highest values of total N were obtained in anthesis and booting stages, respectively. Total mineralized N released from crop residues and urea treatment was not significant. Totally, results revealed that if the trend of N releasing time from residues was matched with crop demand pattern, crop residues could be considered as an appropriate source for providing nitrogen. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
137 - Soil and mineralogical characteristics of rangeland around Parishan Lake of Kazeroon, Fars province
abolfazl azadi Sirous Shakeri Somayyeh ShahamatpoorThe purpose of this research was to study the morphological, physico-chemical and mineralogical properties in different physiographic units of rangeland soils of Parishan lake area in Kazeroon, Fars province with soil temperature and moisture regimes of ustic and MoreThe purpose of this research was to study the morphological, physico-chemical and mineralogical properties in different physiographic units of rangeland soils of Parishan lake area in Kazeroon, Fars province with soil temperature and moisture regimes of ustic and hyperthermic, respectively. To this end, four representative soil profiles were selected on plateaus, hills, piedmont plain and low land physiographic units. Laboratorial studies were carried out on each soil sample after being air- dried, compacted and sieved by a two-millimeter sieve. Based on the laboratorial data, the soils of the area were classified as Entisoils and Inceptisoils with ochric epipedon and calcic and gypsic subsurface horizons. The result showed that soil factors have not had a significant impact on soil evolution and development in the lands under study in Parishan lake, which are located in four physiographic units and under rangeland use due to the low rainfall and calcareous soils. It seems that among the five soil forming factors, topography and time have played more prominent role. The XRD data for the less than 2 μm fractions of the studied soils indicated that the soils were similar in their clay mineralogy, mainly consisted of illite, smectite, chlorite and palygorskite but were different in content. Illite and chlorite were higher in plateau and higher content of smectite was observed in low land unit due to low drainage condition. The source of smectite mineral of the area soils can be inheritance, neoformation and transformation. Chlorite, illite and quartz are inherited and the resource of palygorskite is mainly inheritance and neoformation in the presence of gypsum and calcit. Finally, most of the soil's chemical properties, including organic matter, EC and gypsum, have had an increasing trend from the plateau physiographic unit to the low land. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - Evaluation of foliar application calcium chelated and amino acid on nutritional status, chlorophyll and leaf area surface of Golden Delicious and Granny Smith
Mohammad Arabloo Ali Imani Mousa Rasouli Masoud ShahmoradiBalanced nutrition mineral and organic matter is the most important factors affecting the yield and quality of apple trees. Treatment with calcium chelate and amino acid solution with a concentration of 0, 2, 4 per thousand, and three have been sprayed (After the sprout MoreBalanced nutrition mineral and organic matter is the most important factors affecting the yield and quality of apple trees. Treatment with calcium chelate and amino acid solution with a concentration of 0, 2, 4 per thousand, and three have been sprayed (After the sprouts before harvest once a month). Chlorophyll content, leaf area surface, average nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fruits were determined. The results of these experiments suggest that the type of rootstock had significant impact on the amount of mineral elements, chlorophyll content and leaf area surface. A maximum concentration of mineral elements and leaf area surface in the Granny Smith and chlorophyll content in Golden Delicious were observed. The use of calcium chelated showed the highest phosphorus, potassium and calcium than control fruits. The results showed that the effect of amino acids on chlorophyll content, leaf area surface, nitrogen, potassium and calcium were significant at the 1% level. The results show that foliar application calcium chelate and amino acids have the greatest impact on the Granny Smith in comparison with Golden delicious. Chelated calcium and amino acids at 4% had greatest impact on nutrient status in Granny Smith. Therefore, regarding to beneficial effects of chelate calcium and amino acid on improved the traits measured may be recommended for Granny smith in the study area and in the similar regions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
139 - essential elements content in spring canola seedlings cv. PF under nickel stress
Nader Kazemi Ramazan Ali Khavari-Nejad Taher Nejad-SattariThis research was performed in order to investigate the effect of salicylic acid and sodium nitroprusside on growth and essential elements content in spring canola under nickel stress in laboratory of Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University of Tehran. The i MoreThis research was performed in order to investigate the effect of salicylic acid and sodium nitroprusside on growth and essential elements content in spring canola under nickel stress in laboratory of Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University of Tehran. The interactive effects of nickel, salicylic acid (SA) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) as a donor of nitric oxide (NO) were examined on canola (Brassica napus L. cv. PF) growth. 21-day old canola seedlings (cv. PF) were exposed to different concentrations of NiCl2 , 6H2O (0, 0.5 mM), SA (0, 0.2 mM) and SNP (0, 0.2 mM) for 10 days. Nickel toxicity symptoms such as chlorosis and necrosis were observed on leaves of Ni-treated seedlings. Treatment with Ni resulted in a decrease in fresh and dry weight of roots and shoots. Mineral elements content (Mg, Fe, Ca, P, K) extremely decreased in roots and shoots of Ni-stressed canola seedlings, while the content of N in these seedlings increased in roots and decreased in shoots. Ni was more accumulated in roots than in shoots. In Ni-stressed seedlings, application of SA or NO, especially SA+NO, improved the growth and decreased the toxicity symptoms as compared to Ni-treated seedlings. SA or NO, especially both together, considerably reduced root-to-shoot translocation of Ni and increased the content of mineral elements in roots and shoots of Ni-stressed seedlings. These results showed that SA or NO and in particular their combination, markedly reduced the toxic effects of nickel on canola seedlings by sequestration of Ni in roots and amelioration of mineral nutrition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - Study of mineralogical characteristics in a toposequance of the Ragein region's siols in East Azerbaijan
Naser NazariIn this study, mineralogical characteristics of Rajain’s plain soils located in East Azerbaijan province affected by various topography as a soil forming factor under semiarid condition with calcareous parent materials has been studied. The studied area with 42000 MoreIn this study, mineralogical characteristics of Rajain’s plain soils located in East Azerbaijan province affected by various topography as a soil forming factor under semiarid condition with calcareous parent materials has been studied. The studied area with 42000 ha is located in 35th km of southeastern of Mianeh. The average plain elevation is 1290 m above mean sea level and the mean annual precipitation and temperature are 305.4 mm and 12.9º C respectively. Three physiographic units including including plateaus, piedmont alluvial plains and river alluvial plains were identified. In each physiographical unit, nine profiles were selected as control. According to the comperhensive soil classification system, USDA and FAO system, soils were classified up to family level. Jackson, Kitric and Hope Methods have been used for clay separation from the soil samples. Also, Mahra and Jackson Method has been used for mortar removing in aggregates including carbonates and gypsum soluble salts. The X-ray curves provided by simens5000 X-ray diffractometer with Fe-filtered copper Ka radiation cupper in 1.524 Ao length wave. the mineralogy was determined by X-ray diffraction with a and. X-ray diffractograms of clay fraction of representative soils showed that similar minerals were present, but differed in relative abundance. The relatively high amount of chlorite reveals that the soils are in young stage of development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
141 - Effect of NaCl salinity on mineral nutrient uptake in eggplant cultivars
Hamid Sadeghi Hassan Rassoli Masood Zadeh BagheriTo study the effectofNaClsalinityon theuptakeofmineral elementsindifferent organs ofeggplantthree cultivars including Jahrom landrace, Dezful slim, Indian cottage grown in outdoor conditions, an experiment was performed based ona completely randomized designwith10replic MoreTo study the effectofNaClsalinityon theuptakeofmineral elementsindifferent organs ofeggplantthree cultivars including Jahrom landrace, Dezful slim, Indian cottage grown in outdoor conditions, an experiment was performed based ona completely randomized designwith10replications.Ten days old seedlings equal in height and stem diameter in crown area were transformed into plastic pots containing 9 kg local field soil and irrigated with tap water for 20 days. Seven salinitylevelswere used with concentrations of0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80and100 mMNaCl.Different amountsof NaCl were added to tap waterwith electrical conductivity of219µS.cm-1 and salinity stress followed for five months. The resultsshowed that the salinity caused increasing Na+concentrationin root, shoot, and leaf and Ca2+ in roots.Moreover, thesalinitydecreased the rootpotassium, leaf calcium, and the ratio of K+/Na+ in root, stem and leaf. No significant changes were recorded in the accumulation of potassium in leaf and stem calcium in stem and nitrate in leaf. Among studied cultivars based onmeasuring theaccumulationofexcessions, the Jahromilandrace were evaluated asahighertolerancegenotype in comparison with Dezfulslim cultivar which showingthe highest sensitivity toNaCl salinity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
142 - Phosphorus adsorption evaluation for fertilizer recommendation on three calcareous soils of Karaj region, Iran
Manouchehr FarboodiThe variability of phosphorus concentration in soil solution as adsorption point of view by different minerals could be use for phosphorus recommendation. Identity of phosphorus adsorption on mineral surfaces could be studied by different equations, which their suitabil MoreThe variability of phosphorus concentration in soil solution as adsorption point of view by different minerals could be use for phosphorus recommendation. Identity of phosphorus adsorption on mineral surfaces could be studied by different equations, which their suitability depends on the soil characteristics and the aim of research. But the main concept is based on to equilibrate the soils with electrolyte solution containing different phosphorus concentration in a distinct time and temperature. In this study, three calcareous soil samples (with 7, 14 and 21 percentages CaCO3), fine grinded (<1mm diameter) were equilibrated with five concatenations (0, 12.5, 25, 50 and 75 µgrP/ml) which prepared from K2H2PO4 in 0.01 molar CaCl2. The linear types of Froundlich and Longmuir equations were fitted with high probability (p<0.01) and were used for interpretation phenomena by three soils. The Froundlich equation had higher correlation coefficient. The maximum adsorption values (b) of Longmuir equation for Karaj, Kordamir and Aderan soil series were 65.74, 74.2 and 75. 2, and the energy constant (k) were 2.95, 3.49 and 0.43, respectively. The samples were linear to concentration value (C) as high as 0.75, 0.73 and 0.29 mg/l for Karaj, Kordami, and Aderan soil series, respectively. Manuscript profile
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