• List of Articles Barley

      • Open Access Article

        1 - Calibration of CERES-Barley model using inverse modeling method under deficit irrigation conditions
        Behnam Ababaei Mahdi Sarai Tabrizi Bahman Farhadi Bansouleh Teymour Sohrabi Farhad Mirzaei
        Crop simulation models are used for understanding plants response to the change of surrounding environment and to evaluate crop physiological and morphological characteristics to enhance crop production and to contribute to the efficient use of water and soil resources. More
        Crop simulation models are used for understanding plants response to the change of surrounding environment and to evaluate crop physiological and morphological characteristics to enhance crop production and to contribute to the efficient use of water and soil resources. Yet, the evaluation of these models is a prerequisite for their use in assessing different management strategies. In this study, CERES-Barley from DSSAT software package (version 4) was calibrated by using inverse modeling method and PEST model. This study was conducted with 11 experimental treatments each with three replicates in the form of complete randomized block design. The irrigated treatments were consisted of 100 (T100), 90 (T90), 80 (T80), 70 (T70), 60 (T60), 50 (T50), 40 (T40), 30 (T30), 20 (T20), and 10 (T10) percent of crop water requirement. The rainfed treatment was consisted of one irrigation at planting (November 1st) and the other at first spring (April 8th) before introducing water stress. The results indicated that the model could reasonably well simulate these amounts up to T50 with acceptable accuracy. The calculated SRMSE statistics between T50 and T100 treatments for the simulated grain yield, straw yield, and total crop yield was 5.5, 10.9, and 3.6 percent, respectively. The corresponding R2 values were obtained to be 95, 69, and 93 percent, respectively. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - The Effect of Sourdough Fermentation Containing Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus reuteri on the Sensory Properties, Physicochemical and Staling of Barley Bread
        F. Dehghan Khalili Z. Erjaee
        Introduction: Barley flour is one of the most nutritious, inexpensive and rich fiber food stuff that has many applications in food industries especially in confectionary products. Nowadays, fibers role is very important in human health and preventing diseases such as ob More
        Introduction: Barley flour is one of the most nutritious, inexpensive and rich fiber food stuff that has many applications in food industries especially in confectionary products. Nowadays, fibers role is very important in human health and preventing diseases such as obesity, heart disease, diabetes and cancers. Sourdough fermentation with interaction of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts is considered to play a key role in the improvement of flavor, texture and shelf-life properties of bakery products. In this study, bacterial lactic fermentation was performed by Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus reuteri as a primer mixture used to improve the characteristics of barley bread. Materials and Methods: In order to carry out the work, Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus reuteri were cultured in a medium containing water and flour and used to produce sour paste for the production of barley bread. The amount of staling and physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics of the product was determined after baking. Results: The results showed that the use of starters increased moisture content, pH, specific volume; decreased firmness and staling as compared to the control bread. Sourdough bread containing mixed starter gained higher organoleptic score as compared to the control bread. Conclusion: The application of mixed starters consisting of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus reuteri could be considered as a suitable starter culture for the production of sourdough and high quality bread. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        3 - The Effects of Walnut Oil and Kefiran on the Texture and Rheological Properties of Ice Cream
        Z. Malekpour M. Hojatoleslami H. Molavi J. Keramat
        Introduction: Starch might be regarded as a polysaccharide consumed considerably. Starches as a food ingredient has important roles in the texture of food. Starch is used in food industry as thickening, stabilizing and gelling agent but some limitations such as low shea More
        Introduction: Starch might be regarded as a polysaccharide consumed considerably. Starches as a food ingredient has important roles in the texture of food. Starch is used in food industry as thickening, stabilizing and gelling agent but some limitations such as low shear stress resistance, thermal decomposition, high tendency towards retrogradation and high syneresis might limit its application. The modification of starch can alter its physical and chemical properties and improves its functional characteristics Materials and Methods: In this work, starch isolated from barley grains, the variety Bahman was cultivated in Lordegan area of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiyari province and acetylated with acetic anhydride (%6 w/w) at two different times of 10 minutes and 5 hours followed by the evaluation of physicochemical properties concerned with syneresis, swelling power, thermal properties, viscosity and morphological characteristics. Results: The results showed that acetylated starches had higher swelling power. There was not a significant difference between the starch acetylated at 10 min and the control but this difference was considerable with the acetylated starch at 5 hours and the control (p˂5%). Decreases in syneresis and gelatinization temperature and increase in viscosity were significant as compared to the native barley starch. These modifications altered the size of the starch granules. Conclusion: According to the results, modification of barley starch can improve some of its functional characteristics. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        4 - The study of variation in allelopathic activity in a barley doubled population against rye and Hedge mustard
        parvaneh hasanzadeh Reza Fotovat, Alireza Yousefi Hossein Jafari
        In recent years, the use of allelopathy in weed management has received great attention. In this study, the effect of allelopathy of a double haploid population of barley on the growth characteristics of wild rye and hedge mustard was studied in the Laboratory of Agricu More
        In recent years, the use of allelopathy in weed management has received great attention. In this study, the effect of allelopathy of a double haploid population of barley on the growth characteristics of wild rye and hedge mustard was studied in the Laboratory of Agriculture and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Zanjan University. Some germination traits (root and shoot length, fresh and dry weight of seedlings) and their heritability were measured in barley, rye and hedge mustard. The results showed that the double haploid lines, rye and hedge mustard are significantly different in terms of all four traits of fresh weight, dry weight, root length and stem length. Lines 25 and 34 showed the lowest allelopathy and lines 17 showed the highest allelopathy on rye. Lines 39, 48, 55, 65, 66, 68, 70, 75, 76, 77 and 82 of barley were also affected by rye allelopathy. Lines 73 and 17 had the highest rate of allelopathy on hedge mustard plant, as well. Except for the dry weight of barley control, the length of roots and stems of hedge mustard, which had low private heritability, showed moderate other heritability traits. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        5 - Reaction of some wheat, barley and triticale cultivars to cereal cyst nematode, Heterodera filipjevi , under field conditions in Khuzestan province
        Ali Reza Ahmadi Zahra Tanha Maafi Tofigh Abeyat
        Cereal cyst nematodes are one of the most important damaging nematodes of wheat and barley in the world. Heterodera filipjevi is widely distributed on wheat in Iran. In this study, an experiment was conducted with four wheat cultivars (Cvs. Chamran,Virinak,Yavarus and B More
        Cereal cyst nematodes are one of the most important damaging nematodes of wheat and barley in the world. Heterodera filipjevi is widely distributed on wheat in Iran. In this study, an experiment was conducted with four wheat cultivars (Cvs. Chamran,Virinak,Yavarus and Behrang), barley (Cv. Zehak) and triticale (Cv. Janilo) in a randomized complete block design with 6 treatments (1 plot not sprayed and 1 plot sprayed with a nematicide as control) and four replications in a nematode infested wheat field in Ramshir region of Khuzestan province during growing season 2008-2009. The results indicated that usage of nematicide reduced grain yield, shoot dry weight, shoot height and tillering by 31-73, 6-47, 1-21 and 11-40 percent respectively as was compared to control. H. filipjevi was multiplied on the all plants in the test,  Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        6 - The effect of some systemic fungicids against Barley loose smut
        Mehdi Nasrisfahani Mohammad Jaber Gharibi Sadegh Jalali
        Barley (Hordeum vulgar) is one of the most important strategical world's agricultural products which stand in the 4th position after wheat, soya and corn, Barley, also attact with several diseases out of which, true loose smut is one of the most important one, which cau More
        Barley (Hordeum vulgar) is one of the most important strategical world's agricultural products which stand in the 4th position after wheat, soya and corn, Barley, also attact with several diseases out of which, true loose smut is one of the most important one, which causing qualitative and quantitative losses. Various management strategies are taken into considerations to control the disease. One of the economical methods to manage the diseases is the application of general systemic fungicides. In this study, we evaluated some systemic fungicides including carboxin thiram (Dividend star ®, %75 wp), triadimenol (Baytan®, %7.5 wp), diniconazol (Somi8®, wp), triniconazol (Real®, FS), repectively in various dosage levels of 2, 2, 1/5 and. /2,  in comparison with a newer fungicid Dividend star® 036 (FS) also, in various dosage levels, which was taken into studies on a Barley cultivar "Karun dar Kavir" (Nosrat).The experiment was carried out in a Rendomized Block Design (RBD) with the above fungicides in various dosage in 10 treatments in the field conditions at the years of 2006 -2007. The results showed that, the fungicides Dividend® (2ml/lit), Somi8® (2gr/lit), Real® (0.02ml/lit) and Baytan® (1.5 gr/lit) were the most efficient fungicides in the disease control repectively. Carboxy thiram (2gr/lit) and Dividend® (1ml/lit) were the least concerned on the disease control in comparison to other fungicides, including the control.  Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        7 - Effects of Green Manure Residues on Egyptian Broomrape (Orobanche aegyptiaca Pers.) and Growth Relations in Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.)
        Mojtaba Zafarian Ali Tadayon Mohammad Bazoobandi
        In order to evaluate the efficacy of green manure on Egyptian broomrape (Orobanche aegyptiaca. Pers) control and to determin green manure effects on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) growth, a glasshouse experiment was conducted in CRD design with four replications More
        In order to evaluate the efficacy of green manure on Egyptian broomrape (Orobanche aegyptiaca. Pers) control and to determin green manure effects on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) growth, a glasshouse experiment was conducted in CRD design with four replications. Treatments consisted of three green manures of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgar L.) and rye (Secale cereal L.) in two levels (50 and 100 biomass return into the soil) and two control treatments of weed free and weed infest treatments. The results showed that among all treatments, the rye manure in both levels (50 and 100 percent return into the soil) reduced significantly the number of broomrape shoot, and nodules on tomato roots; dry weight and the broomrape/tomato dry matter ratio than weed infest treatment.  In fact, barley green manure, especially in 100 percent biomass return in many treats, was similar to rye green manure.  In spite of reduction in the measured treatments of broomrape, no significant difference was observed among green manure on the dry weight of tomato. Generally, it seems that rye manure in 50 and 100 percent and barley green manure in 100 percent level have the capability to prevent broomrape seed germination and establishment in a better way more research is needed to examine the effects of treatments on tomato growth and quality. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        8 - Effect of Nitrogen and Zinc Sulfate Fertilizers on Yield and Yield Components of Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.)
        Arvin Behdarvandan Yahya Soleymani Mojtaba Alavifazel
        10.30495/sarj.2022.1952124.1066
        For the purpose of study on the different levels effects of nitrogen fertilizers and zinc sulfate on seed yield and yield components of barley (figure 13 sarasari barley), the experiment was conducted to factorial based on statistical plan format of block randomized des More
        For the purpose of study on the different levels effects of nitrogen fertilizers and zinc sulfate on seed yield and yield components of barley (figure 13 sarasari barley), the experiment was conducted to factorial based on statistical plan format of block randomized design in karun area of Khuzestan province with four replications. In this research nitrogen fertilizer in 3 levels (0,30,60 kg ha-1), and zinc sulfate fertilizer in four levels (0,10,20,30 kg ha-1) that were supply with strip application which available to crop at seeding times. The results showed that different levels of zinc sulfate and nitrogen fertilizer had significant effects on yield and yield components at one percent level. So that by using maximum nitrogen fertilizer seed produce increase to maximum (3.28 tons per hectare) and biological yield harvest index (9.34 tons in hectare), obtained by consumption of 60 kg nitrogen fertilizer per hectare. So grain performance and biological function affected by zinc sulfate as a result maximum of product of grain. (3 tons per hectare). Biological (9.19 tons per hectare) caused by usage of 30 kg zinc sulfate per hectare. Between fertilizer levels, zinc sulfate fertilizer treatment of 30 kg per hectare in terms of production numbers of seeds per yield and harvest index. The most suitable treatment known is nitrogen fertilizer also relative to non-consumption conditions caused increasing of spike per levels, seeds amount per spike and harvest index and the weight of 1000 seeds of barley. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        9 - Evaluation of Different Yields of Barley (Hordeum vulgar L.) Under Drought Stress Conditions
        Hasan Majdinasab Mohammad Motamedi
        10.30495/sarj.2022.1960980.1075
        In order to investigate the effects of drought stress on grain yield, biological yield, yield components and harvest barley index of Gohar cultivar, an experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design in the experimental farm of Shushtar Azad University. F More
        In order to investigate the effects of drought stress on grain yield, biological yield, yield components and harvest barley index of Gohar cultivar, an experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design in the experimental farm of Shushtar Azad University. For this purpose, in field conditions, drought stress treatment at five levels was applied as irrigation interruption in the stages of tillering, stem emergence, flowering, seed filling and no irrigation interruption (control treatment). The amount of water consumed was measured by a volume meter. The results showed that there was a significant difference between drought stress treatments in all studied traits except harvest index. Stress-free treatment produced the highest grain yield by producing the highest biological yield, number of spikes per unit area and number of grains per high spike and suitable 1000-grain weight. In terminal stress conditions or cessation of irrigation in the grain filling stage after non-stress conditions had a higher yield than other stages. The study of correlation coefficients showed that among the yield components, the number of spikes per unit area had the highest correlation (0.63) with grain yield. In this experiment, the lowest grain yield was obtained in the cut-off treatment at the flowering stage, which indicates the sensitivity of this stage of plant growth to dehydration stress Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        10 - مطالعات آزمایشگاهی بررسی میزان حذف نیترات و فسفات در سیستم های زهکش زیرزمینی با استفاده از فیلتر زیستی (مطالعه موردی ناحیه II عمرانی رامهرمز)
        مهرداد امیری مهدی اسدی لور
        فرآیند حذف بیولوژیکی نیترات در منابع آبی از نظر اقتصادی، قابلیت کاربرد و راندمان، مناسب ترین روش می‌باشد. به علاوه این روش یکی از مناسب‌ترین روش ها جهت حذف آلودگی نیترات در محیط­های اشباع می­باشد. در این تحقیق از روش‌های آزمایشگاهی برای بررسی کیفی عملکرد پوشش&sh More
        فرآیند حذف بیولوژیکی نیترات در منابع آبی از نظر اقتصادی، قابلیت کاربرد و راندمان، مناسب ترین روش می‌باشد. به علاوه این روش یکی از مناسب‌ترین روش ها جهت حذف آلودگی نیترات در محیط­های اشباع می­باشد. در این تحقیق از روش‌های آزمایشگاهی برای بررسی کیفی عملکرد پوشش­های مصنوعی و زیستی زهکش­های زیرزمینی استفاده شده است. این بررسی‌ها به منظور کاهش غلظت نیترات و فسفات در پوشش‌های ژئوتکستایل و بهبود پساب‌های زهکشی انجام شده است. در این مطالعه با ساخت نمونه­ی فیزیکی شبیه­ساز زهکش منطقه‌ی مورد آزمایش، بررسی و اندازه‌گیری نیترات و فسفات ورودی به سیستم و مقدار خروجی آن از مدل و توانایی حذف این دو آلاینده در فیلتر‌های مصنوعی و زیستی مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. پوشش مصنوعی مورد ارزیابی از نوع 450 PP تولید کارخانجات ایرانی  است. مدل فیزیکی با مقیاس 10/1 نسبت به زمین واقعی ساخته شد و قطر لوله­های زهکشی مورد استفاده 20 میلی­متر انتخاب شد؛ که در عمق 35 سانتی‌متری از سطح خاک کارگذاری شد. اطراف لوله‌های زهکش توسط پوشش‌های مصنوعی پوشانده و در مرحله بعد به دلیل نیاز به منابع کربنی بیشتر جهت فرآیند‌های میکروبی دنیتریفیکاسیون و حذف بیشتر نیترات با فیلتر زیستی (پوشال جو) پوشانده شد. تمام پوشش­ها از نظر استاندارد کومو مورد تایید قرار گرفت. میزان غلظت نیترات و فسفات ورودی و خروجی مدل با استفاده از دستگاه اسپکتوفتومتر اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج حاصل از کاربرد فیلتر‌های زیستی نشان از حذف نیترات ورودی بعد از گذشت 20 روز از شروع آزمایش و آزاد شدن کربن پوشال جو را داشت. نیترات ورودی به مدل در ابتدای آزمایش 160 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر مشخص شد؛ که این مقدار در خروجی به مقدار تقریبی 20 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر رسید. این مقدار نشان از حذف حدود 87 درصد از نیترات ورودی به مدل فیزیکی بود. میزان فسفات ورودی و خروجی از مدل تقریبا برابر بوده و حذف فسفات توسط فیلترها انجام نشد. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        11 - طراحی و ساخت ضمیمه مرزبند به منظور پر کردن جویچه های مرزبند در انجام عملیات خاک‎ورزی ثانویه در کشت جو در استان خوزستان
        هادی سعدی محمد منصوری محمد آل کثیر فرحانی
        هنگام ­آبیاری­ مزرعه،­ آب ­در ­امتداد ­نوارها­ حرکت­ کرده و بیشتر­ آب ­ به انتهای ­نوارها منتقل و از یکنواختی­ آبیاری­ جلوگیری ­می­کند. در تحقیق حاضر­ به ­منظور ­رفع ­مشکل­ مذکور، طراحی، ساخ More
        هنگام ­آبیاری­ مزرعه،­ آب ­در ­امتداد ­نوارها­ حرکت­ کرده و بیشتر­ آب ­ به انتهای ­نوارها منتقل و از یکنواختی­ آبیاری­ جلوگیری ­می­کند. در تحقیق حاضر­ به ­منظور ­رفع ­مشکل­ مذکور، طراحی، ساخت­ و­ ارزیابی ­عملکرد ­سامانه­ای ­صورت­گرفت­ که ­با­ پر­کردن­ جویچه­های ­ایجاد ­شده، ­مشکل غیریکنواختی آبیاری رفع شود.. ­سامانه الحاقی به­ مرزبند بشقابی دارای­ دو بشقاب مقعر ­به قطر 35 سانتی­متر بود که ­به­­صورت ­شناور، ­در پشت بشقاب­های ­اصلی ­مرزبند ­و­ در ­امتداد­ پشته ایجاد شده  قرار ­گرفت؛ و با انتقال ­بخشی­ از خاک ­بدنه­ پشته، ­موجب پرکردن­ جویچه­ها­ می­شد. ا­رزیابی­­ عملکردی ­­مزرعه­ای ­­در ­سال­ 1397 در ­مزرعه ­تحقیقاتی ­دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ­آزاد ­اسلامی ­واحد ­شوشتر­ انجام ­شد.­ این ­آزمایش یه صورت کرت­های کاملاً­ تصادفی ­در ­قالب ­فاکتوریل انجام و ­با ­استفاده­ از ­نرم­­افزار ­SPSS ­ تحلیل شد. تیمارهای­ آزمایش­ شامل:­ ­نوع­­دستگاه­(مرزبند ­با ­مکانیزم ­پرکننده ­جویچه­ها­ و  مرزبند ­بدون پر­کننده­ جویچه­ها) و فاصله کرت­ها (5 و 10 متر) بود. تاثیر تیمار­ها بر میزان هدر رفت آب (برحسب متر­مکعب)، هزینه کارگری جهت ­پر­کردن­ جویچه­های­ مرزبند و زمان­ انجام عملیات مرزکشی توسط مرزبند مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد ­که ­با استفاده ­از دستگاه­ پر­کننده جویچه­های مرزبند ­و در فاصله کرتی 10 متر کمترین میزان هدر رفتن آب به مقدار 3985 مترمکعب، کمترین هزینه کارگری جهت پرکردن جویچه­های مرزبند  100 هزار تومان و کمترین زمان جهت انجام عملیات مرزکشی در زمین­های کشاورزی 120 دقیقه در هکتار بود. Manuscript profile
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        12 - Evaluation of Seed Yield and Yield Components of 20 Winter Barley Lines in Tabriz, Iran
        F. Eslamy B. Pasban Eslam M. Tajbakhsh H. Teimourpour
        This resarch was conduted to evaluate seed yield and yield components of 20 barley lines at Agricultural and Natural Resources Resarch Center of Tabriz, Iran uing a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Analysis of variance showed that there w More
        This resarch was conduted to evaluate seed yield and yield components of 20 barley lines at Agricultural and Natural Resources Resarch Center of Tabriz, Iran uing a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Analysis of variance showed that there were sigificant differece among lines under study for plant height, thousand kernel weight, number of grains per spike, grain yield, spike weight spikes per square meter and spike length. This shows that there gentic was variations for these traits among the lines studied. Mean comparisions of the traits showed that line EBYTC86-17 by having higher spike length, kernel per spike and 1000 kernel weight produced highest yield. This line can thus be regarded as suitable far thurther studies and recommend at to this area. It was also revealed that lines EBYTC86-5, EBYTC86-6 and EBYTC86-13 were low producers. Results of simple correlation coefficients among the traits showed that yield and yield components were highly correlated with kernel weight and kernels number per spike. Based on regression analysis, 37 percent of yield variation can be attributed to seed number per spike and 1000 kernel weight. Results also showed that for each unit increase in 1000 kernel weight and seed number per spike yield increased by 30 and 14 percent respectively. However, each unit increase in plant height decreased seed yield by percent. Manuscript profile
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        13 - Improvement of Some Physiological Traits, Yield and Yield ‎Components of Wheat and Barley by Using Sodium Selenate and ‎Sodium Selenite in Dry Land Conditions
        Nour Ali Sajedi Hamid Madani
        Drought stress is one of the major factors limiting crop yield in dry-lands. To investigate the effect of sources and different rates of selenium on physiological traits, yield and yield components of wheat and barley in dry lands a factorial experiment based on complet More
        Drought stress is one of the major factors limiting crop yield in dry-lands. To investigate the effect of sources and different rates of selenium on physiological traits, yield and yield components of wheat and barley in dry lands a factorial experiment based on complete randomized block design with three replicates was carried out at the Research Station of Islamic Azad University, Arak Branch, in 2014-2015. Experimental factors were selenium sources with two levels, (sodium selenate and sodium selenite), selenium rates with three levels, (0, 18 and 36 g.ha-1) and two crop plant (wheat and barley). The result showed that, foliar application of wheat with 18 g.ha-1 sodium selenite increased the grains per spike by 9.4% as compared to control and foliar application of barley with 18 and 36 g.ha-1 of sodium selenite increased the grains per spike by 8 and 12%, as compared to control, respectively. Two times foliar applications of these two plants with sodium selenate and sodium selenite increased their relative water content. Foliar application by 18 g/ha of selenium increased the grain yield from 1776.31 kg.ha-1 in control to 1889.92 kg.ha-1, while grain yield was decreased (about 1539.62 kg.ha-1) as compared to control when 36 g.ha-1 of selenium was used. It could be concluded that foliar application of 18 g.ha-1 selenium as sodium selenite or sodium selenite in wheat and barley during stem elongation and emergence of spike increases grain yield in dry land condition. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        14 - Grain Yield and Growth Traits of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) as Affected by Interference with Wild Oat (Avena ludoviciana L.)
        Farshad Sorkhi
        A pot experiment was performed to investigate the effects of root, shoot and full plant interference of barley by wild oat on leaf characteristics and root to shoot ratio. This experiment was conducted as factorial based on randomized complete design with four replicati More
        A pot experiment was performed to investigate the effects of root, shoot and full plant interference of barley by wild oat on leaf characteristics and root to shoot ratio. This experiment was conducted as factorial based on randomized complete design with four replications. The treatments consisted of four interference levels control, root, shoot and full plant interferences) and four wild oat densities (2, 4, 6 and 8 plants/pot). The effects of full plant and root interferences of barley and wild oat traits were higher than shoot interference. Full and below ground interactions of both species decreased the grain yield, flag leaf area and its chlorophyll content significantly, as compared to above ground interaction and control. All traits under study of wild oat were reduced by above ground interaction compared to control. Grain yield of barley and wild oat showed highest sensitivity to interaction of treatments. There was no significant difference between full and root interferences. Increasing plant density of wild oat decreased per plant seed yield, flag leaf area and chlorophyll content of barley leaf. Reduction of barley grain yield concering root, shoot and full interferences, as compared with control, were 28.75, 73.09 and 77.22 percent respectively. Results also revealed that interference of roots increased competitative ability of oats against barley. This indicates higher sensitivity of shoot than root to interference competition. This ratio for wild oat was more than barley. Therefore wild oat has higher rooting ability as compared to barley.   Manuscript profile
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        15 - Evaluation of Quantitative Traits of Potato Cultivars in the Spring Cultivation and after Barley Harvest Plantings in Ardabil Region
        D. Hassanpanah H. Hassanabadi
        This study was carried out during two years (2009 and 2010) at the Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Station of Ardabil, Iran. In this study, 12 early growing (Marfona, Sinora, Fontane, Oshina and Natasha), moderately late growing (Satina, Markies and Arcona) a More
        This study was carried out during two years (2009 and 2010) at the Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Station of Ardabil, Iran. In this study, 12 early growing (Marfona, Sinora, Fontane, Oshina and Natasha), moderately late growing (Satina, Markies and Arcona) and late growing (Luta, Agria, Savalan and Caesar) potato cultivars were arranged in randomized complete block design with three replicates in two separate experiments (spring planting and planting after harvesting barley). Analysis of variance of traits measured showed that three were significant difference between planting types, among cultivars and their interaction in both total and marketable tuber yields, tuber number and weight per plant; interaction between year×planting types, cultivars× planting types, year×cultivar and year×cultivar× planting type, average tubers size and among cultivars for plant height and main stem number per plant. Luta, Markies and Fontane cultivars had high total and marketable tuber yields and tuber weight per plant in spring planting, Arcona, Markies, Marfona and Luta cultivars in after barley harvest planting during 2009, Agria, Luta, Savalan and Caesar cultivars in spring planting and Luta, Savalan and Agria cultivars in after barley harvest planting during 2010. Relationship between total tuber yield with marketable tuber yield, tuber number and weight per plant and tuber size average were significant and positive. Tuber weight per plant had the most direct positive effect on the total tuber yield. It was also found that Savalan, Luta, Satina, Markies and Fontane (late and moderately late growing types) as high yielder and stable cultivars; Agria (moderately late growing) were to be as high yielder but unstable cultivars; Caesar (late growing type) as low yield but stable cultivar and Sinora, Oshina, Arcona, Natasha and Marfona as low yielder but unstable cultivars. Manuscript profile
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        16 - Evaluation of Correlation between Physiological and Morphological Traits with Yield in Hull- less Barley Lines
        M.R. Dadashi A. Noorinia M. Askar Sh. Azizi
        Relationships between grain yield and yield components in some hull-less barley lines were studied in experiment conducted in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications at the Research Station of Agriculture of Gorgan, Iran. During growth season several char More
        Relationships between grain yield and yield components in some hull-less barley lines were studied in experiment conducted in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications at the Research Station of Agriculture of Gorgan, Iran. During growth season several characteristics including plant height spike length, number of spike per m2, biological yield, number of total tillers, number of fertile tillers, number of kernel per spike, number of spikelet per spike, relative water content (RWC), coefficient of membrane stability (CMS), flag leaf area, Na/K ratio, grain yield, 1000 kernel weight and harvest index were measured. Results showed that stepwise multivariate analysis was the best suitable model in evaluating of the yield. Path analysis showed that correlation among characteristics which remained in the model was broken into direct and indirect effects. The results derived from correlation and path analysis indicated that almost 70% of the yield increase was due to the direct effect of 1000 kernel weight. Number of kernel per spike was positively significant and number of fertile tillage was also found to have positive and significant direct effect on yield, but number of fertile tiller indirectly affects by higher 1000 kernel weight. Manuscript profile
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        17 - Effect of Cover Crop Residues on Some Physicochemical Properties of Soil and Emergence Rate of Potato
        M. Ghaffari G. Ahmadvand M.R. Ardakani M.R. Mosaddeghi F. Yeganehehpoor M. Gaffari M. Mirakhori
        The aim of this study, was to evaluate the effect of winter cover crop residues on speed of seed  potato emergence and percentage of organic carbon, soil specific weight and soil temperature. An experiment was carried out at the Research Farm of Agriculture Faculty More
        The aim of this study, was to evaluate the effect of winter cover crop residues on speed of seed  potato emergence and percentage of organic carbon, soil specific weight and soil temperature. An experiment was carried out at the Research Farm of Agriculture Faculty, Bu-AliSinaUniversity, in 2008-2009. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with three replications. Winter cover crops consisted of rye, barley and oilseed rape, each one with common plant density (rye and barley at 190 kg.ha-1 and oilseed rape at 9 kg.ha-1) and triple plant densities(rye and barley 570 kg.ha-1 and oilseed rape, 27 kg.ha-1) and control (without cover crop). The results showed that rye and barley with triple plant densities produced higher biomass (1503.5 and 1392.2 g/m2, respectively) than other treatments.Soil physicochemical properties were affected significantly by using cover crops. Rye, barley, and oilseed rape with triple rate and rye with common rape of plant densities produced, the highest organic carbon. Green manure of rye and barley with triple and rye with common rate plant densities, reduced soil specific weights by 17.3, 18 and 18 percent as compared with the control treatment (without cover crop planting). Rye and barley with triple plant densities increased average soil temperature by 12 and 11 percent respectively in comparison with control treatment. These treatments increased speed of seed potato emergence by 20 and 12 percent respectively as compared with that of control treatment, respectively. Other treatments showed no significant difference as compared to control. Cover crop residues increased plants speed of seed potato emergence through improving soil conditions. Manuscript profile
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        18 - Evaluating of Drought Tolerance of Doubled Haploid Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Lines using Toleance Indices
        Samira Eghbali Saeid Aharizad Mehrdad Yarnia Maarof khalili
        To identify drought tolerant genotypes from 40 doubled haploid and 5 barley cultivars an experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted both at normal irrigation and water deficit stress conditions at the Agricultural Research Sta More
        To identify drought tolerant genotypes from 40 doubled haploid and 5 barley cultivars an experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted both at normal irrigation and water deficit stress conditions at the Agricultural Research Station of West Azarbayjan, at Miyandoab during 1390-91 crop years. A significant difference was observed among the genotypes concering grain yield, which indicates a high genetic diversity for this trait among genotypes under study. Genotypes No. 35, 24, 21 and 3 were highest yielders in both irrigation conditions. In this study, during tolerance of genotypes under both stress and normal irrigation conditions, were evaluated by using mean productivity (MP), tolerance (TOL), geometric mean productivity (GMP), stress susceptibility (SSI), and stress tolerance (STI) indices. According SSI and TOL indices genotypes 13, 16, 1, 19, 8 and 5 were identified as tolerant genotypes to water stress. Genotypes 3, 24 and 35 were found to have highest STI, MP and GMP indices. Correlation coefficients indicated that STI, MP and GMP were the best indices to select barley tolerant genotypes to water deficit stress in this study. It was also revealed that genotypes 3, 21, 24 and 35 which were highest yielders under normal irrigation and did have the least reduction in their yield under deficit irrigation. Thus, they can be recommended to the experimental site as the top producers. Manuscript profile
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        19 - Evaluating Yield and Drought Stress Indices under End Season Drought Stress in Promising Genotypes of Barley
        H. Tajalli S.Gh. Mousavi E. Arazmjo
        To study the effects of end season drought stress on yield, yield components and drought stress indices in barley, a split plot experiment arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at the Agricultural Research Center of Birjand i More
        To study the effects of end season drought stress on yield, yield components and drought stress indices in barley, a split plot experiment arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at the Agricultural Research Center of Birjand in 2008-2009 crop years. Drought stress, in 2 levels, consists of control (complete irrigation) and stopping irrigation at the 50% of heading stage, and 20 promising genotypes of barley were the treatments of the experiment. Results revealed that stopping irrigation lead to declining of 14.64 and 8.12 percent of seed and forage yields against control condition, respectively. Using stress susceptibility index (SSI) indicated that genotypes 2, 3, 7, 9, 10 and 15; using STI and GMP indices, genotypes 5, 8, 18 and 20 using MP, genotypes 8, 18 and 20, and TOL, genotypes 2, 3, 7, 9, and 10, were the most drought tolerant genotypes. Correlation between seed yield and stress evaluation indices showed that MP, GMP and STI are the best indices to be used in selection and introducing drought tolerant genotypes of barley. Considering all indices, and given that the best genotypes are those with high yield under normal condition and minimum yield reduction under drought stress, No. 18 and 20 could be introduced as the most tolerant barley genotypes to drought. Manuscript profile
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        20 - Mixed-cropping and Its Effects on Yield and Agronomical Traits of Barley (Hordeum vulgar L.) and Bersim Clover (Trifolium alexanderium L.)
        S. Mohammadi N. Khalil Agdam A. Khoshnejad M. Pour Yousef N. Jalilnejad
        Mixed-cropping of barley (Hordeum vulgar L.) and clover (Trifolium alexanderium L.) was studied in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications to detect their best planting patterns at Agriculture Research Center of Miandoab. The experiment comprised of 10 tr More
        Mixed-cropping of barley (Hordeum vulgar L.) and clover (Trifolium alexanderium L.) was studied in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications to detect their best planting patterns at Agriculture Research Center of Miandoab. The experiment comprised of 10 treatments: 9B:1C (nine rows of barley: one row of annual clover), 8B:2C, 7B:3C, 6B:4C, 5B:5C, 4B:6C, 3B:7C, 2B:8C, 1B:9C and sole croppings of each plants. The results indicated that intercropping as a whole had a significant effect on number of stem, plant height and yield of clover. On other hands, the highest clover yields (8.3 t/ha) was achieved in sole cropping and lowest (1.2 t/ha) in 10:90 (Barley: Clover) treatment. Results also showed that spike length, number of seed per spike, 1000-grain weight, protein percent, economical yield and biological yield were affected by mixed-cropping. Reducing planting rows of barley relative to clover caused 87% reduction in both economical and biological yields. 1000-grain weight also decreased from 45.82 to 39g. Total LER was 1 in all of patterns and in 40:60 (barley: clover) pattern was the highest. LER calculated based on forage in two crops was similar to LER which achieved on seed yield of barley and forage yield of clover. Decreasing in rows of barley diminished LER to <1 and when density of barley decreased in field, LER reached to <1. Overall, results showed that the best pattern planting for barley-clover Mixed-cropping for forage and for forage production in clover and seed yield in barley was 40:60 (barley: clover). Manuscript profile
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        21 - The Effects of Micro Elements of Iron and Zinc on Morphological Characteristics of Mycorrhized Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
        Shahab Khaghani
        Deficiency of micro-nutrients in human diet may cause health problems. To increase the amount of these elements in the edible parts of the plants would eliminate the incidence of these health problems. Thus, the effects of iron and zinc on seed yield and morphological c More
        Deficiency of micro-nutrients in human diet may cause health problems. To increase the amount of these elements in the edible parts of the plants would eliminate the incidence of these health problems. Thus, the effects of iron and zinc on seed yield and morphological characteristics of mycorrhized barley (cv. Bahman) root was studied in Karaj, Iran, during growing season of 2013-14. It was carried out in afactorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments consisted two levels of mycorrhiza, non-inoculation (M0) and inoculation with 10 kg/ha of Glomus intraradices (M1), and three levels of iron from Fe-EDDHA (Sequestrene138) as control (F0), 2.5 kg/ha (F1) and 5kg/ha (F2) and three levels of zinc as zinc sulphate (ZnSO4) as control (Z0), 25 kg/ha (Z1) and 50 kg/ha (Z2). The results showed that application of mycorrhiza increased parameters like total root length (TRL), root length density (RLD), specific root length (SLR), root colonization percentage and grain yield by 900.6 cm, 0.52 cm/cm3, 1738.1 cm/g, 5.41% and 1ton/ha respectively. Mean comparisons also revealed that using iron, mycorrhiza and without Zn application increased levels of root dry weight (RDW) by 2.81 g. Manuscript profile
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        22 - Some Agronomic and Physiological Traits of Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L. ) as Affected by Biological Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizers
        Elnaz Farajzadeh Memari Tabrizi Mehrdad Yarnia Vahid Ahmadzadeh Noushin Farajzadeh Memari Tabrizi
        In recent decades, using chemical fertilizers has resulted in increasing the yields of crop plants. However, it has been found that their use in the longrun has damaging effects on both environment and crop yields. Therefore, investigations of using organic fertilizers, More
        In recent decades, using chemical fertilizers has resulted in increasing the yields of crop plants. However, it has been found that their use in the longrun has damaging effects on both environment and crop yields. Therefore, investigations of using organic fertilizers, instead of chemical fertilizers, have been emphesised. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen bio-fertilizers (Nitrokara, Nitroxin, combination of Nitrokara + Nitroxin and control) and phosphate bio-fertilizers (phosphorus fertilized 2, Biophosphorus, combination of phosphorous fertilized 2+ Biophosphorus and control) on agronomic and physiological traits of barley. The results of the study showed that the use of biological phosphorus and nitrogen fertilizers significantly affected plant height, whole plant dry weight, number of tillers and spikelets/m2, 1000 seed weight, grain yield, number of seeds per a plant, the leaf area index and the leaf chlorophyll index. Based on these results it seems that using Nitrokara, Nitroxin and the combination of Nitrokara + Nitroxin increased grain yield by 100, 86, and 110% respectively. It was also revealed that highest increase in grain yield belonged to biophosphorus as compared to other phosphorus treatments. This treatment increased the grain yield by 50 percent. Manuscript profile
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        23 - Effect of Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilizer Levels on Physiological Characteristics of Four Varieties of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
        Farshad Sorkhi
        This field study was conducted in a factorial split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications to evaluate the effect of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer levels on physiological characteristics of four varieties of barley (Hordeu More
        This field study was conducted in a factorial split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications to evaluate the effect of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer levels on physiological characteristics of four varieties of barley (Hordeum vulgare) during 2012 in Azad University of Miandoab. Irrigation levels were full irrigation, cutting off irrigation at boot stage (code 40 scale zadoks) and cutting off irrigation at flowering stage (code 60 scale zadoks). Nitrogen levels were 20, 40, 60 and 80 kg ha-1. Varieties under study were ‘Makuyi’, ‘Valfajr’, ‘Sahra’ and ‘Jonoob’. Traits studied were seed yield, flag leaf area, chlorophyll content of flag leaf and proline content of flag leaf, and peducle length. The results showed that highest grain yield, flag leaf area, chlorophyll content of flag leaf and proline content were obtained by using 80 kg.ha-1 nitrogen. Data collected also showed that at 80 kg.ha-1 nitrogen and full irrigation, the highest and lowest grain yield, flag leaf area, chlorophyll content of flag leaf belonged  to ‘Makuyi’ and Jonoob, respectively. However, cuuting off irrigation at boot stage resulted in highest and lowest grain yield, flag leaf area, chlorophyll content of flag leaf to Jonoob and Valfajr, respectively. Cutting off irrigation at flowering stage decreased grain yield and increased proline content in ‘Makuyi’ and ‘Valfajr’. However, lowest reduction in grain yield, and highest increase in proline content were measured in ‘Sahra’ and ‘Jonoob’ varieties. Decreasing slope of regression curves was higher in ‘Makuyi’ and ‘Valfajr’. This indicates that cutting off irrigation at flowering stage reduced yield and increased proline content of these varieties compared to ‘Sahra’ and ‘Jonoob’. Manuscript profile
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        24 - The Effect of Trichoderma harzianum and Cadmium on Tolerance Index and Yield of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
        F. Taghavi Ghasemkheyli H. Pirdashti M.A. Bahmanyar M.A. Tajick Ghanbary
        To investigate the effect of Trichoderma harzianum, as a bioabsorbant to ameliorate the harmful effects of cadmium (Cd) on growth and yield of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. variety ‘Sahra’), a factorial pot experiment based on completely randomized design with More
        To investigate the effect of Trichoderma harzianum, as a bioabsorbant to ameliorate the harmful effects of cadmium (Cd) on growth and yield of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. variety ‘Sahra’), a factorial pot experiment based on completely randomized design with three replicates was conducted. Trichoderma harzianum withtwo levels (with and without inoculation) and cadmium nitrate with four levels (0, 50, 100 and 150 mg.L-1) were the treatments. Results of ANOVA revealed that there was a significant interaction between Trichoderma and cadmium nitrate in terms of biological yield, straw yield, harvest index, spike number per plant and seed number per spike. Mean comparisons showed that Trichoderma inoculation at all Cd levels significantly improved both biological and straw yields. Trichoderma at 50 and 100 mg.L-1 of Cd also increased the spike number per plant (up to 120 and 66%, respectively) significantly. Increasing Cd levels decreased seed yield (19%), 1000 seed weight (18%), partitioning coefficient (57%) and tolerance index (23%) significantly. Inoculation of Trichoderma into growth medium had a significant effect on seed yield and tolerance index (up to 17 and 22%, respectively). In conclusion, Trichoderma harzianum inoculation at lower concentrations of Cd (50 and 100 mg.L-1) could be effective to improve growth parameters of barley plant. Manuscript profile
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        25 - Evaluation of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and Vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) Intercropping
        Bijan Kahraryan Farhad Farahvash Soleyman Mohammadi Bahram Mirshekari Varahram Rashidi
        To study the effect of barley-vetch intercropping on their yields and yield components, a two-year field experiment was conducted during 2013 and 2014 growing seasons at the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Station of Miandoab. Factors consisted of 9 mixed tr More
        To study the effect of barley-vetch intercropping on their yields and yield components, a two-year field experiment was conducted during 2013 and 2014 growing seasons at the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Station of Miandoab. Factors consisted of 9 mixed treatments: with densities of 250 vetch plants + 300 barley plants, 250 vetch plants + 500 barley plants, 250 vetch plants + 700 barley plants, 450 vetch plants + 300 barley plants, 450 vetch plants + 500 barley plants, 450 vetch plants + 700 barley plants, 650 vetch plants + 300 barley plants, 650 vetch plants + 500 barley and 650 vetch plants + 700 barley plants per square meter and sole cropping of barley (350 plants per m2) and  vetch (250 plants per m2). Experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replications. Result of combine analysis showed that there were significant differences among the patterns of planting treatments. The highest number of spikes per square meter (97.88), thousand kernel weight (47.28 g) and biological yield (7.63 t.ha-1) and seed yield (4.36 t.ha-1) were observed in sole cropping of barley. Also, the highest number of plants (379.25), biological yield (63.67 t.ha-1) and seed yield (1.94 t.ha-1) in vetch were belonged to sole cropping of vetch. In this study the highest land equivalent ratio (LER), based on seed yield (1.20) and biological yield (1.48), belonged to 250 vetch + 500 barley plants treatment, which indicate the usefulness of this intercropping treatment, as compared to the sole cropping of these two plant. Manuscript profile
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        26 - Response of Barley Double Haploid Lines to the Grain Yield and Morphological Traits under Water Deficit Stress Conditions
        Maroof Khalily Saeid Aharizad Alireza Poraboghadareh
        To study the relationships of grain yield and some of agro-morphological traits in 40 doubled haploid (DH) lines along with parental and three check genotypes in a randomized complete block design with two replications under two water regimes (normal and stress) were ev More
        To study the relationships of grain yield and some of agro-morphological traits in 40 doubled haploid (DH) lines along with parental and three check genotypes in a randomized complete block design with two replications under two water regimes (normal and stress) were evaluated during 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 growing seasons. Combined analysis of variance showed significant difference for all the traits in terms of the year, water regimes, lines, and and line × year. Comparison of group means, between non-stress and stress conditions, showed that DH lines had the lowest reduction percentage for the number of grains per spike, thousand grain weight, grain yield and biological yield as opposed to check genotypes. The correlation between grain yield with biological yield, harvest index, thousand grain weight, and hectoliter of kernel weight in both conditions, were highly significant and positive. Based on stepwise regression the peduncle length, number of seeds per spike, thousand seed weight, and hectoliter of kernel weight had important effect on increasing seed yield. The result of path analysis showed that these traits had the highest direct effect on grain yield. Based on mean comparisons of morphological characters as well as STI and GMP indices it can be concluded that lines No.11, 13, 14, 24, 29, 30, 35 and 39 were distinguished to be desirable lines for grain yield and their related traits and also tolerant lines in terms of response to drought stress conditions. Manuscript profile
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        27 - Evaluation of salinity effects on morphophysiological characteristics of ten genotypes Hull less barley in green house conditions
        Ajam Norouzi محمدرضا Dadashi
        Salinity stress is a serious threat of plant growth and production all over the world. Salinity in comparison with other stresses, limits the plant growth in a wider scale. So there is a possibility of cultivar diversity use in a desirable traits selection under stress More
        Salinity stress is a serious threat of plant growth and production all over the world. Salinity in comparison with other stresses, limits the plant growth in a wider scale. So there is a possibility of cultivar diversity use in a desirable traits selection under stress conditions. Therefore, to identify selection indices in hull-less barley under salinity stress. This experiment was conducted. This experiment was investigated in 2004-2005 in green house at Golestan agricultural research center. The design of the experiment was random complete block design (RCBD) with 4 replications in a large plat (5×4×1.8m3). 30 centimeters between row on a single line 1.5m.For irrigation using level of salinity 160 mM NaCl. results of variance analysis showed that traits of relative water content (RWC), height, tillage in shrub, number of fertile tiller, length of spike, number of grain in spike, as significant different for  traits and most of them decreased under stress conditions. But the hieghst decrease was observed in grain yield, biologic yield, plant height and leaf area index. Manuscript profile
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        28 - Phylogenetic relationship and probiotic properties of dominant lactic acid bacteria isolated from whole barley sourdough
        Maryam Ebrahimi Alireza Sadeghi Balal Sadeghi
        The aims of this study were evaluating the probiotic properties and phylogenetic relationship of dominant lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from whole barley sourdough. At the beginning, dominant LAB isolates were identified by specific PCR. Then probiotic properties More
        The aims of this study were evaluating the probiotic properties and phylogenetic relationship of dominant lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from whole barley sourdough. At the beginning, dominant LAB isolates were identified by specific PCR. Then probiotic properties of the isolates including survival in simulated conditions of gastrointestinal tract, antagonistic effects against Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coliand Salmonella enterica as foodborne indicator bacteria, ability of aggregation with E. coli and S. enterica as infection agents of intestine and resistance of these LAB isolates against some of routine antibiotics were investigated. For determination of phylogenetic relationship between LAB isolates, maximum likelihood method was also used. Sequencing results of PCR products lead to identification of Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus curieae, Pediococcus pentosaceus and Weissella cibaria as dominant isolated LAB from whole barley sourdough. Among mentioned isolates, L. brevis had significantly (P<0.05) higher survival in pH 2 and 0.3% bile salt in comparison to other isolates. Inhibition zone diameter of foodborne indicator bacteria in the presence of P. pentosaceus was the highest. P. pentosaceus had also significantly (P<0.05) more effective aggregation ability towards E. coli and S. enterica than the others and four LAB isolates were resistant to vancomycin. Analysis of aligned sequences in phylogenetic tree showed that L. curieae and P. pentosaceus had very closely phylogenetic relationship while, the most genetic difference was observed between L. brevis and W. cibaria. Manuscript profile
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        29 - Morning vs. Afternoon Harvest Time of Alfalfa, Clover, and Barley Affect the Chemical Composition and Nutritional Value of Silage
        J. Bayatkouhsar F. Rezaii F. Ghanbari R. Rahchamani
        Manuscript profile
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        30 - Egg Yolk Cholesterol of Hens Fed Barley Malt Rootlets
        S.M. Hashish L.D. Abd El-Samee
        Manuscript profile
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        31 - Effects of Replacing Barley with Processed Corn on the Growth Performance, Microbial Protein Synthesis and Profitability of Fattening Lambs
        F. Kazemi T. Ghoorchi B. Dastar F. Eshraghi
        Manuscript profile
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        32 - بررسی عملکرد جوجه‌های گوشتی مصرف کننده جیره‌های بر پایه جو و تریتیکاله
        ع. محرری ا. اسدی ر. رضایی
        این پژوهش بر روی جوجه­های گوشتی (14 تا 56 روزه) به منظور بررسی تأثیر جیره­های بر پایه جو و تریتیکاله انجام پذیرفت. جیره­های تحت آزمون شامل: جیره حاوی ذرت به عنوان شاهد (1)، جیره حاوی جو بدون پوشینه با (5) و یا بدون افزودن آنزیم (2)، جیره حاوی تریتیکاله با (6 More
        این پژوهش بر روی جوجه­های گوشتی (14 تا 56 روزه) به منظور بررسی تأثیر جیره­های بر پایه جو و تریتیکاله انجام پذیرفت. جیره­های تحت آزمون شامل: جیره حاوی ذرت به عنوان شاهد (1)، جیره حاوی جو بدون پوشینه با (5) و یا بدون افزودن آنزیم (2)، جیره حاوی تریتیکاله با (6) و یا بدون افزودن آنزیم (3) و جیره حاوی جو معمولی با (7) و یا بدون افزودن آنزیم (4) بودند. آنزیم مورد استفاده حاوی بتاگلوکاناز بود. در آزمایش تعیین قابلیت هضم از 21 قطعه جوجه در سن 45 روزگی استفاده شد. برای 7 جیره تحت آزمون 3 تکرار در نظر گرفته شد. برای صفات افزایش وزن روزانه و خوراک مصرفی در طی دوره رشد هیچ تفاوت معنی ­داری بین جیره­های 2 تا 7 و جیره شاهد مشاهده نشد (05/0P>). جو معمولی (4) کمترین افزایش وزن و بیشترین ضریب تبدیل (بازده کم) را نسبت به بقیه جیره­ها نشان داد. قابلیت هضم عصاره اتری در تمام جیره­های حاوی آنزیم بیشتر از جیره شاهد بدست آمد (05/0P<). همچنین انرژی قابل متابولیسم ظاهری (AMEn) در جیره (4) نسبت به جیره­های (1) و (6) کمتر بود (05/0P<). اما کلسترول سرم خون جوجه­های مصرف کننده جیره (4) کمتر از بقیه بدست آمد (05/0P<) ولی در غلظت کراتینین سرم خون تفاوتی بین تیمارها مشاهده نشد (05/0P>). با این وجود، غلظت ایمینوگلوبولین سرم خون جوجه­های تیمار (4) نسبت به جیره­های (7) و (1) در بیشترین اندازه بود (05/0P<). وزن لاشه تازه نیز در جوجه های مصرف کننده جیره (3) کمترین مقدار و در صد کبد در جوجه­های مصرف کننده جیره (4) در بیشترین مقدار مشاهده گردید (05/0P<). از نتایج این پژوهش می­توان اینگونه نتیجه گرفت که مکمل نمودن آنزیم در جیره­ها می­تواند در سن 14 الی 42 روزگی تأثیر مثبت بر افزایش وزن، خوراک مصرفی و ضریب تبدیل داشته باشد، اما این مزیت با افزایش سن جوجه­ها به تدریج کاهش می­یابد که علت آن افزایش قابلیت هضم و ظرفیت دستگاه گوارش با افزایش سن جوجه­ها است. Manuscript profile
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        33 - Olive Cake and Barley Malt Rootlets in Hen Diets to Improve Egg Lipids and Fatty Acids
        S.M. Hashish L.D. Abd El-Samee
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        34 - تأثیر سطوح مختلف خارمریم (Silybum Marianum) در جیره‌های حاوی دانه با سرعت تجزیه متفاوت در شکمبه بر باکتری‌های شکمبه گاومیش خوزستان
        ض. نیکزاد م. چاجی ک. میرزاده ت. محمدآبادی م. ساری
        هدف از این مطالعه بررسی جیره‌های حاوی سطوح مختلف خارمریم (0، 100 و 200 گرم در کیلوگرم ماده خشک) و جیره‌های حاوی دانه با سرعت تجزیه متفاوت (ذرت و جو) در شکمبه بر باکتری‌ها و کل میکروارگانیسم‌های شکمبه گاومیش خوزستان بود. از روش‌های تولید گاز، هضم دو مرحله‌ای و کشت اختصاص More
        هدف از این مطالعه بررسی جیره‌های حاوی سطوح مختلف خارمریم (0، 100 و 200 گرم در کیلوگرم ماده خشک) و جیره‌های حاوی دانه با سرعت تجزیه متفاوت (ذرت و جو) در شکمبه بر باکتری‌ها و کل میکروارگانیسم‌های شکمبه گاومیش خوزستان بود. از روش‌های تولید گاز، هضم دو مرحله‌ای و کشت اختصاصی باکتری برای این منظور استفاده شد. مایع شکمبه از دو رأس گاومیش فیستولا گذاری شده گرفته شد. نتایج نشان داد که پتانسیل تولید گاز جیره‌های آزمایشی توسط کل میکروارگانیسم‌ها تفاوت معنی‌داری نداشت (05/0<P) و در هر دو جیره‌ پایه با افزایش سطح خارمریم تولید گاز افزایش یافت ولی در جیره‌ بر پایه‌ جو، سطح 200 گرم و در جیره‌ بر پایه‌ ذرت، سطح 100 گرم بیشترین تولید گاز را نشان داد. نرخ تولید گاز جیره‌های آزمایشی توسط کل میکروارگانیسم‌ها تفاوت معنی‌داری نشان داد (05/0>P) به طوری که در هر دو جیره‌ پایه سطح 100 گرم بیشترین نرخ تولید گاز را نشان داد. پتانسیل و نرخ تولید گاز جیره‌های آزمایشی توسط باکتری‌های شکمبه گاومیش تفاوت معنی‌داری نشان نداد (05/0<P). در روش هضم دو مرحله‌ای استفاده از سطوح مختلف خارمریم در جیره (بر پایه‌ی جو و ذرت) تأثیر منفی بر قابلیت هضم مواد مغذی توسط کل میکروارگانیسم‌ها نداشت (05/0<P). در جیره‌های بر پایه‌ جو، افزایش مقدار خارمریم باعث افزایش عددی قابلیت هضم ماده خشک و NDF نسبت به جیره‌ شاهد شد (05/0<P) درحالیکه در جیره‌ بر پایه‌ ذرت، باعث کاهش ناچیز هضم ماده خشک و NDF شد. در ارتباط با قابلیت هضم مواد مغذی توسط باکتری‌ها روند مشابهی مشاهده شد، با این تفاوت که هضم ماده خشک در جیره‌ بر پایه‌ ذرت نسبت به شاهد کاهش معنی‌داری داشت (05/0>P). قابلیت هضم مواد مغذی جیره‌های آزمایشی توسط باکتری‌ها در محیط کشت اختصاصی باکتری، تحت تأثیر سطوح خارمریم قرار نگرفت (05/0<P). بنابراین نتایج نشان می‌دهد که می‌توان از خارمریم تا 20 درصد جیره گاومیش بدون اثرات منفی بر هضم و تخمیر توسط کل میکروارگانیسم‌ها و باکتری‌ها استفاده کرد. Manuscript profile
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        35 - Degradation Characteristics of Infrared Processed Barley Grain and Its Feeding Effects on Ruminal pH of Sheep
        A. Fattah A.A. Sadeghi A. Nikkhah M. Chamani P. Shawrang
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        36 - تأثیر فرایند دانه جو روی خصوصیات هضم، تخمیر شکمبه ای و انرژی قابل هضم جیره در گاوهای شیری
        ام.آ. لوپز-سوتو آ. بارراس جی.اف. کالدرون-کرتس آ. پلاسسنسیا جی.دی. یوری‌آس-استرادا جی.آ. آگویلار-هرناندز بی. سانچز-مندوزا آ. منتلونگو-تریکوئز آر.ام. برمودز-هورتادو آ. استرادا-آنگولو آر.آ. زین
        این آزمایش با استفاده از گاوهای شیری کانولاگذری شده برای ارزیابی تأثیر فرایند دانه جو روی تخمیر شکمبه­ای و محل و محدوده هضم انجام شد. آزمایش شامل 4 دوره بود و 84 روز به طول کشید. جیره­های کاملاً مخلوط شده 86/39 درصد از دانه­ها و 90/42 درصد از علوفه یونجه و ب More
        این آزمایش با استفاده از گاوهای شیری کانولاگذری شده برای ارزیابی تأثیر فرایند دانه جو روی تخمیر شکمبه­ای و محل و محدوده هضم انجام شد. آزمایش شامل 4 دوره بود و 84 روز به طول کشید. جیره­های کاملاً مخلوط شده 86/39 درصد از دانه­ها و 90/42 درصد از علوفه یونجه و باقی از ملاس نیشکر، چربی، پودر ماهی و مواد معدنی تشکیل می‌شد. دانه جو توسط روش­های‌ غلتک زدن به صورت خشک و پولکی کردن با بخار با دو تراکم (39/0 و 26/0 کیلوگرم بر لیتر) فرایند شد. دانه ذرت غلتک زده شده به عنوان مرجع برای تعیین ارزش انرژی‌زایی دانه جو استفاذه شد. در مقایسه با دانه جو غلتک زده شده، دانه جو فلیک شده در بخار قابلیت هضم شکمبه­ای ماده آلی، نشاسته و انرژی جیره را افزایش ولی مصرف ماده خشک را کاهش داد. کاهش تراکم دانه جو غلتک زده شده از 36/0 به 26/0 کیلوگرم بر لیتر هضم شکمبه­ای نشاسته و پروپیونات شکمبه­ای را افزایش و مصرف ماده خشک و هضم شکمبه­ای ازت را کاهش داد. در مقایسه با دانه ذرت، گاوهای تغذیه شده با جیره­های بر پایه دانه جو انرژی جیره­ای بالاتر (در نتیجه هضم بیشتر ماده آلی)، راندمان بیشتر پروتئین میکروبی و تولید استات و متان پایین­تر نشان دادند. به­هرحال، تیمارهای برپایه جو  pHشکمبه­ای پایین­تری داشتند و این وقتی تراکم فلیک کاهش پیدا می‌کرد، تشدید می‌شد. ارزش انرژی­زایی دانه جو توسط فلیک کردن 8 درصد بهبود پیدا نمود (05/0P<). فلیک کردن دانه­های جو به صورت خیلی نازک مصرف خوراک را کاهش داد. تراکم مطلوب فلیک برای دانه جو تغذیه شده به گاوهای شیری حدود 39/0 کبلوگرم برلیتر بود. Manuscript profile
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        37 - مقایسه اثر آنتی‌بیوتیک، پروبیوتیک و پری‌بیوتیک درجیره جو بر عملکرد، قابلیت هضم، مرفولوژی روده، فراسنجه‌های خونی و پاسخ ایمنی جوجه‌های گوشتی
        م. مهرآبادی ر. جمشیدی
        این آزمایش به­ منظور تعیین اثرات جایگزینی 20 درصد جو به ­جای ذرت، با افزودن پروبیوتیک، پری­بیوتیک و آنتی­بیوتیک بر عملکرد، سیستم ایمنی، مرفولوژی روده، خصوصیات لاشه و قابلیت هضم ظاهری مواد مغذی طراحی شد. این آزمایش با 400 قطعه جوجه­گوشتی نژاد راس در ق More
        این آزمایش به­ منظور تعیین اثرات جایگزینی 20 درصد جو به ­جای ذرت، با افزودن پروبیوتیک، پری­بیوتیک و آنتی­بیوتیک بر عملکرد، سیستم ایمنی، مرفولوژی روده، خصوصیات لاشه و قابلیت هضم ظاهری مواد مغذی طراحی شد. این آزمایش با 400 قطعه جوجه­گوشتی نژاد راس در قالب یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 5 تیمار به ­مدت 42 روز به اجرا درآمد. برای هر تیمار 6 تکرار در نظر گرفته شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل 1) جیره بر پایه ذرت و سویا (شاهد ذرت)، 2) جیره حاوی 20 درصد جو (شاهد جو)، 3)شاهد جو + 25/0گرم در کیلوگرم پروبیوتیک گالیپرو، 4)شاهد جو + 1 گرم در کیلوگرم پری­بیوتیک فرمکتو و 5)شاهد جو + 15 میلی­گرم در کیلوگرم آنتی­بیوتیک ویرجینیامایسین بود. در سن 42 روزگی پرورش تفاوت وزنی معنی­داری بین تیمارهای آزمایشی مشاهد شد (05/0>P)، به ­صورتی که تیمار حاوی آنتی­بیوتیک بالاترین وزن بدن را نشان داد. بالاترین ضریب تبدیل غذایی در تیمار آنتی­بیوتیک و پایین­ترین آن در تیمار کنترل جو مشاهده شد. استفاده از جیره جو به­ همراه آنزیم اثر معنی­داری بر طول ویلی­های روده داشت و سبب کاهش طول آنها شد (05/0>P). تفاوت معنی­داری بر قابلیت هضم ظاهری مواد مغذی بین جوجه­های دریافت کننده جو و ذرت مشاهده نشد (05/0<P). بنابراین داده­ها نشان می­دهد قابلیت هضم ظاهری مواد مغذی جیره­های جو با افزودنی­ها، افزایش یافته است. وزن نسبی لاشه، سینه، ران، کبد، چربی بطنی و طول روده در 42 روزگی رکوردبرداری شد. نتایج نشان ­داد که ترکیبات لاشه به­طور معنی­داری تحت تأثیر تیمارهای آزمایش قرار نگرفت (05/0<P). نتایج نشان داد که گنجاندن جو در جیره به همراه افزودنی­های فوق می­تواند جایگزین خوبی برای ذرت در جیره باشد. Manuscript profile
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        38 - Effect of Graded Substitution of Barley Grain with Raisin Waste in Diet Contained Low Quality Forage on Growth Performance, Blood Metabolites and Nutrient Digestibility of Growing Ram Lamb
        M. Ahmadi M. Yari M. Hedayati
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        39 - اثر تغذیه انواع متفاوت کنجاله سویا و دانه جو فرآوری شده متفاوت روی عملکرد گاوهای هلشتاین شیری با تولید بالا
        ا. خطیبی شهری م. دانش مسگران د. زحمتکش
        بیست و چهار گاو شیری هلشتاین در یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی برای بررسی اثر کنجاله سویا (SM) و کنجاله سویا محافظت شده با زایلوز (XSM) در ترکیب با جو آسیاب شده (GB) یا جو پرک شده (FB) روی ماده خشک مصرفی، تولید شیر، تخمیر شکمبه‌ای و پاسخ‌های خونی استفاده شدند. دوره آزمایش 30 روز More
        بیست و چهار گاو شیری هلشتاین در یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی برای بررسی اثر کنجاله سویا (SM) و کنجاله سویا محافظت شده با زایلوز (XSM) در ترکیب با جو آسیاب شده (GB) یا جو پرک شده (FB) روی ماده خشک مصرفی، تولید شیر، تخمیر شکمبه‌ای و پاسخ‌های خونی استفاده شدند. دوره آزمایش 30 روز به‌ طول انجامید. جیره‌ها شامل تهیه 85/19 درصد سیلاژ ذرت، 02/12 درصد علوفه یونجه، 72/0 درصد کاه گندم و 41/67 درصد کنسانتره با متوسط 17 درصد پروتیئن خام (براساس DM) روزانه دوبار پیشنهاد شدند. ماده خشک مصرفی (DMI) (051/0P=) و مقدار شیر (0001/0>P) با XSM در جیره‌های با GB یا FB کاهش یافت (05/0>P). جیره‌های تغذیه شده حیوانات محتوی XSM چربی شیر تصحیح شده (FCM 3.5%) و انرژی تصحیح شده شیر (ECM) کمتری نسبت به جیره‌های محتوی SM (05/0>P) داشتند. چربی شیر و مواد جامد نه درصد چربی در XSM به ‌طور معنی‌داری بیشتر از SM (05/0>P) بودند اما درصد پروتئین شیر پایین‌تر بود (05/0>P). مقایسه جیره‌های GB در مقابل FB و SM در مقابل XSM نشان داد که مقدار پروتئین شیر برای جیره‌های حاوی FB (05/0>P) و حاوی SM (001/0>P) بالاتر بود. متابولیت‌های خونی به ‌طور معنی‌داری بین تیمارها متفاوت بود (05/0>P). جیره‌های حاوی XSM سطوح پایین‌تری از اسیدهای چرب غیر استریفه و سطوح بالاتری نیتروژن اوره‌ای خون نسبت به جیره‌های حاوی SM (05/0>P) داشتند. غلظت‌های استات، پروپیونات، والرات و بوتیرات به ‌طور معنی‌داری بین جیره‌ها متفاوت بود (05/0>P). براساس نتایج آزمایش ما، کنجاله سویا در ترکیب با جو آسیاب شده ممکن است عملکرد گاوهای شیری هلشتاین را تغییر دهد. Manuscript profile
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        40 - Effect of Processed Barley Grain on in vitro Rumen Fermentation and Fate of Nitrogen Metabolism
        P. Kheirandish M. Danesh Mesgaran A. Javadmanesh M. Mohri E. Khafipour S.A. Vakili
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        41 - Effect of Hydroponic Barley Seedlings Substituting for Different Ratios of Basal Diets on Serum Biochemical Indexes and Rumen Fluid Microbial Diversity in Lactating Ewes
        Y. Ma T. Guo Z. Zhang G. Amat Y. Jing Y. Tuo L. Hou
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        42 - Dietary Supplementation of Different Forms of Barley Grain in Mohgani Male Lambs Feeding: Impacts on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Blood Metabolites, and Carcass Characteristics
        M. Kazemi O. Jangjou H. Saleh
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        43 - Investigation molecular mechanism of sensitive and tolerant barley cultivars under different times of salinity stress exposure using proteome analysis
        Mohammad Reza Naghavi Marouf Khalili Abolfazl Tavassoli Fatemeh Rastegaripour
        10.30495/ijpp.2021.1934082.1341
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        44 - The effect of different levels of salinity stress on variations in the protein pattern of barley plants inoculated with Glomus fasciculatum and pretreated with salinity
        Zohre Najar Zadeh Reza Rezakhanlou
        10.30495/ijpp.2023.708178
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        45 - تجزیه بهره‌وری محصول جو در ایران: مقایسه شاخص‌هایTT، GI،MGI و GTTI
        حبیب شهبازی
        در این مقاله، شاخص‌های جدیدی برای برآورد تغییرات فنی، بازده مقیاس، و رشد بهره‌وری کل عوامل تولید و تجزیه آن ارائه شده است. این شاخص­ها شامل، شاخص عمومی تعدیل‌یافته، شاخص عمومی تعدیل‌ و تعمیم‌یافته و شاخص روند زمانی عمومی است که تعمیم‌یافته رویکرد شاخص عمومی هستند. ا More
        در این مقاله، شاخص‌های جدیدی برای برآورد تغییرات فنی، بازده مقیاس، و رشد بهره‌وری کل عوامل تولید و تجزیه آن ارائه شده است. این شاخص­ها شامل، شاخص عمومی تعدیل‌یافته، شاخص عمومی تعدیل‌ و تعمیم‌یافته و شاخص روند زمانی عمومی است که تعمیم‌یافته رویکرد شاخص عمومی هستند. این روش‌ها برای تجزیه بهره‌وری تولید جو ایران برای سال‌های 2000 تا 2012 برای 20 استان استفاده شده است. برای انتخاب بهترین روش، رشد بهره‌وری کل عوامل تولید به روش، TT، GI،MGI  و GTTI با شاخص دیویژیا مقایسه شد. نتایج نشان داد که تفاوت بین رشد بهره‌وری کل عوامل تولید جور در رویکرد TT، GI،MGI  و GTTI  با شاخص دیویژیا به ترتیب 12/39، 94/17، 71/9 و 61/1 درصد است. براساس نتایج، روش MGI روش مناسبی است وقتی داده‌های سری زمانی یا پنل دیتا با مقاطع عرضی کم وجود دارد. همچنین وقتی، نیاز به مقایسه دو دوره زمانی که منظم نیستند می‌باشد (مثلاً دو برنامه یا سیاست)، روش GMGI پیشنهاد می‌شود.  وقتی داده‌های سری زمانی یا پنل دیتا با مقاطع عرضی کم است و روند زمانی در داده‌ها وجود دارد، روش GTTI برای برآورد تغییرات فنی، بازده مقیاس، و رشد بهره وری کل عوامل تولید پیشنهاد می‌شود. Manuscript profile
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        46 - Molecular characterization and evaluation of the antibacterial properties of Pediococcus pentosaceus isolated from whole barley sourdough
        Alireza Sadeghi Mojtaba Raeisi Maryam Ebrahimi Balal Sadeghi
        Background & Objectives: Usually identification and characterization of ecosystems isolates of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) which have been rarely studied lead to obtaining LAB with unique characteristics. The aims of this study were molecular characterization and eva More
        Background & Objectives: Usually identification and characterization of ecosystems isolates of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) which have been rarely studied lead to obtaining LAB with unique characteristics. The aims of this study were molecular characterization and evaluation of the antibacterial properties of dominant LAB isolated from whole barley sourdough.       Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, first the sourdough was prepared from the whole barley flour, and subsequently its dominant LAB was isolated. LAB isolate was identified by sequencing of PCR products. Antibacterial properties of the isolate and its cell free culture filtrate (CCF) which was obtained from logarithmic and stationary phases as crud and naturalized form were also investigated for some food-borne indicator bacteria using well diffusion and microdilution methods, respectively. Results: Sequencing results of PCR products lead to identification of Pediococcus pentosaceus as the dominant LAB in whole barley sourdough. This LAB isolate had more antagonistic effect (p<0.05) on Listeria monocytogenes than other indicator bacteria. Furthermore, crud CCF obtained from logarithmic phase of the isolate had the highest bacteriocin activity and antibacterial ability in comparison to other CCFs. Conclusion: Whole barley sourdough P. pentosaceus isolate and its CCF have proper antibacterial properties against food-borne indicator bacteria used in this study. Therefore, P. pentosaceus has high potential to be used as microbial starter or adjunct culture in processing fermented foods instead of chemical preservatives or antibiotics in order to increase shelf life and safety of these products. Manuscript profile
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        47 - Investigation of Feasibility and Effect of Alternative Farming System on the Grain Yield of Barley and Forage Production in Western Semi-arid Region of Golestan Province, Iran
        Armin Arrekhi Hamid Niknahad Gharmakher Sonoko Bellingrath Kimura Johann Bachinger Ralf Bloch
        10.30495/rs.2023.688855
        Manuscript profile
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        48 - The Effect of different fertilization systems (chemical, biological and combinatory) on different characteristics of winter barley
        Nasrin Mirzakarami Mohammad Mirzaei-Heydari Mahmoud Rostaminia
        In order to evaluate the effect of the combined system of biological and chemical inputs on different characteristics of winter barley, the three-factor factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at Sarableh Research More
        In order to evaluate the effect of the combined system of biological and chemical inputs on different characteristics of winter barley, the three-factor factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at Sarableh Research Station of Ilam, during the 2014-2015 growing seasons. Treatments contain the application method of biofertilizer factor that include, Soil inoculation at the depth of 4 cm in the soil and Seeds inoculation, the second factor was phosphorus (P) fertilizer as triple super phosphate include three levels of P fertilizer (0, 50 and 100 kg P ha-1), the third factor involves the use of bio-fertilizers (1. Azotobacter 2. Pseudomonas 3. Azotobacter + Pseudomonas 4. Control (no inoculation)). Mean comparison of treatments showed highly significant differences between different levels of P fertilizer. The comparison of means showed that significant differences exist between different levels of bio-fertilizers and grain yield (4206 kg ha-1) of the third level (Azotobacter + Pseudomonas) achieved a 26% increase compared to the control. The results of this study showed that the use of biofertilizers potentially reducing dependence on chemical fertilizers and decreasing potential human, animal and environmental impact. Finally, according to the survey results, it seems that seed inoculation method with biological fertilizer is more effective than terrestrial insemination. Manuscript profile
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        49 - Assessment barley genotypes using stress tolerance indices in normal and drought stress conditions
        Rasoul Ahmadzadeh Hassan Pakniyat Elahe Tavakol sadegh shahrasbi
        To evaluate the drought tolerance of barley, eight foreign genotypes and two Iranian cultivars were studied in two drought and irrigated conditions during 2013-14 in a RCB design with three replications. The results showed that the highest grain yield under irrigated co More
        To evaluate the drought tolerance of barley, eight foreign genotypes and two Iranian cultivars were studied in two drought and irrigated conditions during 2013-14 in a RCB design with three replications. The results showed that the highest grain yield under irrigated conditions were belonged to genotypes 79 (9274.7 kg.ha-1), 95 (9421.7 kg.ha-1) & 120 (9362.3 kg.ha-1) and Yousef cultivar (9353.7 kg.ha-1) and under drought conditions belonged to genotypes 95 (8197.7 kg.ha-1) and 120 (8487.7 kg.ha-1). In both conditions, the lowest yield was found in genotype 21 (2270 kg.ha-1). There was not correlation between the results obtained by two group indices (sensitive evaluation indices vs. tolerance evaluation indices) in identification of tolerant genotypes, so that based on TOL, LOS and SSI genotypes 21, 97 & 125 and Reyhan cultivar were sensitive and low yielding genotypes, while based on MP, STI, GMP and HAR, genotypes 95 & 120 and Yousef cultivar had highest drought tolerance. To selection and introduce the best criteria of drought tolerance, the correlation of above indices with yield under normal and drought stress was evaluated. According to the results of the correlation between stress indices MP, GMP, HMP, YI and STI had significant correlation with yield under both normal and stress conditions, which indicating that using these criteria for evaluation of drought tolerance will be more desirable in breeding programs. According to these indices and high yield of genotypes under both environmental conditions, genotypes 95 and 120 were found to be the best genotypes. Manuscript profile
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        50 - Evaluation of genotypic variation for seed iron content and concentration in barley genotypes under dryland conditions
        mehdi feizi mahmood solouki behzad sadeghzadeh baratali fakheri seyed abolghasem mohammadi
        Drought stress and iron (Fe) deficiency are abiotic stress factors limiting crop production and its quality, especially in rainfed areas. With the aim of evaluation of genotypic variation for Fe efficiecny, 121 barley genotypes during the growing season of 2015-2016, a More
        Drought stress and iron (Fe) deficiency are abiotic stress factors limiting crop production and its quality, especially in rainfed areas. With the aim of evaluation of genotypic variation for Fe efficiecny, 121 barley genotypes during the growing season of 2015-2016, a research farm was carried out at the agricultural research institute of the dryland (Maragheh) were studied under rainfed field conditions. . The experiment was conducted in square lattice. Based on ANOVA, there was significant differences among genotypes for seed Fe concentartion and content traits. The high range of variation for these traits showed that there is a great genotypic variation among barley genotypes. The existance of high general heritability (h2) for seed Fe concentration and content could be helpful in breeding for these traits under different environments. Seed Fe concentration had significant and positive correlation (r=0.63**) with seed Fe content. In short, the result of this study revealed the great genotypic variation among barley genotypes for Fe absorption and accumulation in seed. Moreover, the efficient genotypes could alleviate drought stress that will result in higher grain yield with Fe-dense grains under cold dryland conditions. Manuscript profile
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        51 - اثر آبسیزیک اسید و براسینواستروئید بر میزان پرولین و رنگیزه های فتوسنتزی و دوام سطح برگ جو بدون پوشینه در رژیم‌های مختلف آبیاری
        khadijesadat tahamtan omid alizadeh barmak jafari haghighi
        In order to study the effect of abscisic acid and brassinosteroid on proline accumulation and photosynthetic pigments content and leaf area duration in naked barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.) under different irrigation levels the pot experiment was conducted based on factoria More
        In order to study the effect of abscisic acid and brassinosteroid on proline accumulation and photosynthetic pigments content and leaf area duration in naked barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.) under different irrigation levels the pot experiment was conducted based on factorial as Completely Randomized Design with three replications in Islamic azad University of Arsanjan. Factors were consisted of irrigation in two levels (field capacity and 50% field capacity) and foliar spray of abscisic acid and brassinosteroid in flowering stage (control and 4 ppm ABA and 10 ppm brassinosteroid and 4 ppm ABA + 10 ppm brassinosteroid). Results showed, water deficit stress caused increasing proline, chlorophyll a and b and carotenoid in naked barley and leaf area duration was decreased by water deficit stress. Application of brassinosteroid increased damages of water deficit stress but abscisic acid or brassinosteroid + abscisic acid decreased the damages of water deficit stress in naked barley by photosynthetic pigments content. Manuscript profile
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        52 - بررسی 26 ژنوتیپ جو کشت شده (Hodeum Vulgare L.) برای تحمل به شوری با اندازه گیری کاتیون های +Na و +K
        غلامعباس محمدی محمدرضا بهرامجردی
        تنش شوری یکی از مهم‌ ترین تنش‌های غیرزیستی است که هر ساله بر کشت گیاهان کشاورزی در مناطق وسیعی از کشور تأثیر می‌گذارد. 26 ژنوتیپ جو کشت شده از ایران از نظر تحمل به شوری مقایسه شد. گیاهان در گلدان های 2 کیلوگرمی رشد کردند و تحت سه تیمار شوری (NaCl) و (1.2، 8.9 و 16.7ds/m More
        تنش شوری یکی از مهم‌ ترین تنش‌های غیرزیستی است که هر ساله بر کشت گیاهان کشاورزی در مناطق وسیعی از کشور تأثیر می‌گذارد. 26 ژنوتیپ جو کشت شده از ایران از نظر تحمل به شوری مقایسه شد. گیاهان در گلدان های 2 کیلوگرمی رشد کردند و تحت سه تیمار شوری (NaCl) و (1.2، 8.9 و 16.7ds/m) در گل خانه جیرفت قرار گرفتند. آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی و در سه تکرار انجام شد. در طول رشد رویشی اندام هوایی، محتوای +Na+ ، K برای تمامی ژنوتیپ‌ ها اندازه‌ گیری شد. صفات گیاهی شامل ارتفاع بوته، طول سنبله، تعداد سنبله در بوته، وزن تر و خشک ماده و عمل کرد دانه در بوته نیز اندازه‌ گیری شد. تحمل به شوری ژنوتیپ‌ ها با توجه به محتوای +Na و +K دارای تنوع بسیار گسترده‌ ای بود. متغیرهای متحمل و این دو پارامتر همبستگی معنی‌دار و منفی داشتند (r=-0.71,p<0.01). Manuscript profile
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        53 - رابطه برخی خواص شیمیایی گیاه و خاک در کشت جو (مج. ترکمن) تحت رژیم های مختلف کوددهی و کم آبیاری
        S.M Farahani M.R. Chaeichi
        اثرات سیستم‌های کم آبیاری و کوددهی بر برخی ویژگی‌های شیمیایی گیاه و خاک زیر کشت جو با آزمایش کرت‌های خرد شده بر اساس طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سال‌های 1386-1386 مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. کرت های اصلی شامل سه سطح آبیاری بدون تنش، تنش متوسط و تنش شدید بود. کرت های فرعی شامل More
        اثرات سیستم‌های کم آبیاری و کوددهی بر برخی ویژگی‌های شیمیایی گیاه و خاک زیر کشت جو با آزمایش کرت‌های خرد شده بر اساس طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سال‌های 1386-1386 مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. کرت های اصلی شامل سه سطح آبیاری بدون تنش، تنش متوسط و تنش شدید بود. کرت های فرعی شامل شش رژیم کوددهی شامل بی کود، کاربرد بارور-2 + نیتروکسین، کاربرد ورمی کمپوست، 50 درصد کود شیمیایی + 50 درصد ورمی کمپوست، 50 درصد کود شیمیایی + 50 درصد (بروار-2 کود لیزر + نیتروکسین) و کاربرد کودهای شیمیایی. مشخص شد که مخلوط کود شیمیایی و آلی باعث افزایش محتوای فسفر خاک نسبت به سایر ترکیبات کود می شود. علاوه بر این، مخلوط کودها غلظت نیتروژن گیاه را بیش از سایر تیمارهای کودی افزایش داد. تیمارهای حاوی ورمی کمپوست، C، N و فسفر آلی خاک را در تمامی سطوح تنش بیش از سایر تیمارها افزایش دادند. همچنین، این تیمار باعث افزایش غلظت نیتروژن در گیاه تحت تنش خشکی شد. در شرایط آبیاری معمولی، کودهای زیستی میزان فسفر خاک و گیاه را بیش از سایر رژیم‌های کوددهی افزایش دادند. Manuscript profile
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        54 - رابطه صفات فنومورفولوژیکی با عملکرد دانه در لاین های امیدوارکننده جو در منطقه اردبیل
        A. Khajavi S. Aharizad M. Ahmadizadeh H. Dalfardi
        به منظور بررسی رابطه بین صفات و تعیین تأثیر مستقیم و غیرمستقیم صفات مؤثر بر عملکرد، آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار بر روی 20 لاین امیدبخش جو در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی اردبیل اجرا شد. . 10 صفت زراعی در هر کرت با استفاده از 20 بوته انتخابی به طور تص More
        به منظور بررسی رابطه بین صفات و تعیین تأثیر مستقیم و غیرمستقیم صفات مؤثر بر عملکرد، آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار بر روی 20 لاین امیدبخش جو در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی اردبیل اجرا شد. . 10 صفت زراعی در هر کرت با استفاده از 20 بوته انتخابی به طور تصادفی اندازه گیری شد. تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که بین لاینها در تمام صفات به جز صفت پنجه نابارور اختلاف معنی داری وجود داشت. بین عملکرد دانه و تمامی صفات مورد مطالعه به جز صفات همبستگی معنی داری وجود داشت. روز تا بلوغ در تجزیه رگرسیون، پنجه بارور، تعداد دانه در سنبله و ارتفاع بوته در مدل نهایی باقی ماند (905/0=R2). بر تعداد پنجه بارور، تعداد دانه در سنبله و ارتفاع بوته بر عملکرد دانه تأثیر مستقیم و مثبتی داشت. بیشترین تأثیر مستقیم بر تعداد دانه در سنبله بود. روشهای آماری متعدد مورد استفاده در این تحقیق نشان داد که پنجه بارور، تعداد دانه در سنبله و ارتفاع بوته مهمترین متغیرهای عملکرد بودند. بنابراین می توان از این صفات به عنوان معیار انتخاب برای افزایش عملکرد استفاده کرد. Manuscript profile
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        55 - بررسی 26 ژنوتیپ جو کشت شده (Hodeum Vulgare L.) برای تحمل به شوری با اندازه گیری کاتیون های سدیم و پتاسیم پلاس
        غلامعباس محمدی محمدرضا بهرامجردی
        https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.10573561
        تنش شوری یکی از مهم‌ترین تنش‌های غیرزیستی است که هر ساله بر کشت گیاهان کشاورزی در مناطق وسیعی از کشور تأثیر می‌گذارد. بیست و شش ژنوتیپ جو کشت‌شده از ایران از نظر تحمل به شوری مقایسه شد. گیاهان در گلدان های 2 کیلوگرمی رشد کردند و تحت سه تیمار شوری (NaCl) و (1.2، 8.9 و 16 More
        تنش شوری یکی از مهم‌ترین تنش‌های غیرزیستی است که هر ساله بر کشت گیاهان کشاورزی در مناطق وسیعی از کشور تأثیر می‌گذارد. بیست و شش ژنوتیپ جو کشت‌شده از ایران از نظر تحمل به شوری مقایسه شد. گیاهان در گلدان های 2 کیلوگرمی رشد کردند و تحت سه تیمار شوری (NaCl) و (1.2، 8.9 و 16.7ds/m) در گلخانه جیرفت قرار گرفتند. آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی و در سه تکرار انجام شد. در طول رشد رویشی اندام هوایی، محتوای +Na+، K برای تمامی ژنوتیپ‌ها اندازه‌گیری شد. صفات گیاهی شامل ارتفاع بوته، طول سنبله، تعداد سنبله در بوته، وزن تر و خشک ماده و عملکرد دانه در بوته نیز اندازه‌گیری شد. تحمل به شوری ژنوتیپ‌ها با توجه به محتوای +Na و +K دارای تنوع بسیار گسترده‌ای بود. متغیرهای متحمل و این دو پارامتر همبستگی معنادار و منفی داشتند(r=-0.71,p<0.01). Manuscript profile
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        56 - The Types of Plant Growth Regulators on Grain Yield and Yield Components of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in Water Stress Condition
        MOHAMMAD REZA ASKARNEJAD ALI SOLEYMANI HAMID REZA JAVANMARD
        10.30486/roce.2022.707321
        Manuscript profile
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        57 - Agrophysiological Responses of Barley Cultivars to Salt Stress and Zinc Fertilization
        MEHRDAD MAHLOOJ MOHAMMAD PESSARAKLI
        10.30486/roce.2017.676042
        Manuscript profile
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        58 - Evaluation function of chickpea in mixed cultures of chickpea and barley as products forage
        S. Ahmadi
        Agriculture and Natural Resources was Boroujerd. In the treatment of various mixing ratios of  two plants that were planted in five combinations: M1 = single ship 100% of the atmosphere, M2 = 75% +25% barley, peas, M3 = 50% +50% barley, peas, M4 = 25% barley + 75% More
        Agriculture and Natural Resources was Boroujerd. In the treatment of various mixing ratios of  two plants that were planted in five combinations: M1 = single ship 100% of the atmosphere, M2 = 75% +25% barley, peas, M3 = 50% +50% barley, peas, M4 = 25% barley + 75% peas, M5 = single ship 100% of pea were studied. Results showed that total yield of forage peas and mixed fodder (barley and peas) mixing ratio was affected by treatment (P Manuscript profile
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        59 - An effect of drought stress by PEG on the morphological characterizes and yields in Hull-less barley
        Javad Einali Abas ali Nourinia GHadir Tahery Elyas Soltani
              This experiment was conducted to examine the effects of drought stress on the morphologic characterizes and yield of Hull- less barley. This research was conducted as CRD with 6 replications and 4 levels of drought stress in green house. D More
              This experiment was conducted to examine the effects of drought stress on the morphologic characterizes and yield of Hull- less barley. This research was conducted as CRD with 6 replications and 4 levels of drought stress in green house. Drought levels were check (D1) with -0.3 MP, low stress (D2) with -0.6 MP, medium drought (D3) with -0.9 MP and sever drought (D4) with -1.2 MP. Results indicated that drought stress significantly influenced on main stem length, ear length, plant high, percent of unfertile tillers, percent of fertile tillers, grain number in main ear, weight of 1000 grains and yield. Pod yields of -0.3 MP, -0.6 MP, -0.9 MP and -1.2 MP were respectively about 55, 46, 42 and 33 g per pod. While drought stress had no significantly effect on number of total tillers, main stem dry weight, tillers dry weight and leaf dry weight.  Manuscript profile
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        60 - Genetic variation for quantitative and morphological traits related to grain yield in pure lines of barley (Hordeum Vulgare) using multivariate analysis
        Omid Farami Mohsen Esmaeilzadeh Moghadam Eslam Majidi Heravan Hamid reza Nikkhah Mehdi Zaki zadeh
             In order to determine, genetic variation for quantitative and morphological traits related to grain yield in ninety nine pure lines of barley derived from barley breeding programs in different field stations and one commercial cultivar (Nosrat) More
             In order to determine, genetic variation for quantitative and morphological traits related to grain yield in ninety nine pure lines of barley derived from barley breeding programs in different field stations and one commercial cultivar (Nosrat) as check. This study was conducted using an alpha-lattice design with two replications at the Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII), Karaj in 2007 - 2008 cropping season. The number of days to physiological maturity showed the highest (h2=100) and the grain yield (h2=60.5) medium heritability, respectively. Genetic correlations between the traits were similar to phenotypic correlations and were commonly greater. Factor analysis for studied traits revealed three factors which justified 100 percent of the total variation. The first factor which was named yield factor was included number of grain per square meter, grain yield and grain filling rate. The second factor consisted number of spike per square meter, number of grain per spike and grain weight per spike. The third factor included grain filling rate, thousand grain weight, and spike length. Path analysis also detected the same results as the other analyses and indicated the importance of number of grain per square meter in increasing grain yield. Cluster analysis based on all traits, detected three groups and identified the lines that derived from a specific breeding program/location were not very different and distributed in all three groups.   Manuscript profile
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        61 - Cycocel application effect on barley cultivars (Hordeum vulgar L.) under different sowing date in Mazandaran province
        Reza Rahimi Baladezaei Nabi alah Nemati Hamid reza Mobasser Salman Dastan
        In order to determination of Cycocel applicationeffect on barley cultivars (Hordeum vulgar L.) under different sowingdate, an experiment was carried out at split factorial in randomized completelyblock design with three replications at Mazandaran province in 2009-2010. More
        In order to determination of Cycocel applicationeffect on barley cultivars (Hordeum vulgar L.) under different sowingdate, an experiment was carried out at split factorial in randomized completelyblock design with three replications at Mazandaran province in 2009-2010. Mainfactor was sowing dates in three levels including 7 and 26 November and 11December and sub factor was three varieties including Sahra, Productive and M12and cycocel rates in two levels including 0 and 2.8 lit/cycocel ha. Resultsshowed maximum and minimum of the spike per plant, grain per spike, and grainyield were obtained on 26 November and 11 December, respectively. Sahra and M12varieties had to most and least of the spike length, tiller per plant, spikeper plant, grain per spike, 1000 grain weight and grain yield, respectively.With application of the cycocel, decreased of the stem length, but increased ofthe spike length, tiller per plant, spike per plant, grain per spike, 1000 grainweight and grain yield. Maximum and minimum of the spike length, tiller perplant and grain yield were obtained in interaction of the 26 November × sahracultivar and 11 December × M12 varieties. Therefore sowing date ofthe 26 November, sahra variety and application of the 2.8 lit/cycocel habecause of the most of increased the yield components and due to grain yieldintroduced the best of treatment. Manuscript profile
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        62 - Effect of plant growth regulator Cycocel and different levels of nitrogen fertilizer on some growth characteristics and yield of barley
        A. Afkari M. Abbasi
        The Effect of plant growth regulator Cycocel and different levels of nitrogen fertilizer on some growth characteristics and yield of barley, factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with four replications in Research Station of the fa More
        The Effect of plant growth regulator Cycocel and different levels of nitrogen fertilizer on some growth characteristics and yield of barley, factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with four replications in Research Station of the faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University Branch Ardabil in 2015. Treatments the experiment consisted CCC concentration (zero, 500, 1,000 and 1,500 mg per hectar) and three levels of nitrogen (50, 100 and 150 kg per hectar) was applied in the form of urea on Makuyi spring barley cultivars.The results of this study showed that the concentrations of various nitrogen and cycocel on the number of fertile tillers, spike length and harvest index at 5% and the number of spikes per square meter, number of seeds per plant, grain weight, height plant, seed yield and biological yield were significant at the 1% level. The interaction of different concentrations of nitrogen and cycocel on the number of spikes per square meter, grain yield and biological yield was significant at 1%. In this experiment results mean comparisons showed that the highest number of fertile tillers (1/5), spike length (9/6cm), grain yield (3687kg/ha) and thousand grain weight (34/7 gr) respectively, application CCC (1500 mg/ha). The results of interaction between nitrogen fertilizer and different concentrations of cycele showed that the highest number of fertile tillers (1.8), number of spikes per square meter (383.5), grain yield (3808 kg/ha) and biological yield (3808 kg /ha) (17795/2 kg/ha) using 150 kg of nitrogen per hectare with 1500 mg/ha cycocel was obtained. Manuscript profile
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        63 - Studies on the Effect of Potassium,Zinc and Copper on Yield Production Wheat in Water Deficient
        Hamid reza Mobaser Hosein Heydari Sharifabad Hamid Madani
             To determine the effect of water deficiency in different stage of two wheat cultivars; Chamran and Kavir, accompany with application of various elements such as potassium (K), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) on quantity and quality of yield.  Two More
             To determine the effect of water deficiency in different stage of two wheat cultivars; Chamran and Kavir, accompany with application of various elements such as potassium (K), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) on quantity and quality of yield.  Two years field experiments was carried out as Completely Randomize Block under spilt - spilt plot design with three replicates, on loamy fine sand soil during 2001 until 2003 growth season at the Research Center Institute of Zabol which is located in the Eastern of Iran. In these experiments, treatments of irrigation involved; well -irrigation, stop - irrigation after pollination (1 - 10.5, Fix scale) and stop- irrigation after milky stage of grain (5 -10.5, Fix scale), and fertilizer treatments included; nil fertilizer, copper sulphate  (Cu So4) and zinc sulphate (ZnSo4), potassium sulphate (K2 So4) as 0, 30, 40 and 150 kg per hater, respectively. All fertilizer is applied at sowing time as sub- plots. The results of this study highlight that the stopped- irrigation at pollination stage reduced significantly biological yield, grain yield production and harvest index. However, in this case Chamran produced high biological yield and grain yield than Kaiver. In addition, application of fertilizer has significant effect on grain yield. In this experiment, stopped-irrigation treatments had significant effect on, nitrogen  (N) concentration of grain. Also, K, Zn, and Cu increased high concentration of N in grain, and Chamran varity accumulated high N in grain than Kaiver. Manuscript profile
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        64 - Comparison of elite barley lines and cultivars under water saline condition in Isfahan region
        Mehrdad Moradmand Mohamad reza Naderi Mehrdad Mahlooji Asghar Rostami
             Salinity is one of the mostimportant of factors decrease crops yield. Tolerance of plants to salinitybetween species plants is different and is at the influence of plant growthenvironmental. One of the most practical and economic method for decr More
             Salinity is one of the mostimportant of factors decrease crops yield. Tolerance of plants to salinitybetween species plants is different and is at the influence of plant growthenvironmental. One of the most practical and economic method for decreasesaline stress in saline lands is release the saline tolerant varieties. In thisexperiment 19 barley lines and one current native cultivar comparedwith a randomized complete block with four replicates in Esfahan SalineResearch Station during 2004-2005. Electrical Conductivity of soil was about 9ds/m and plants were irrigated with saline water (EC=12 ds/m). Some traits suchplant height, total dry matter, number tiller per plant, number fertile tillerper plant, spike length, number spike per m2, number spikletper spike, number grain per spike, 1000 grain weight and grain yield of eachgenotype measured and base on this traits in final the most tolerance genotypesselected. Base on results of ANOVA variance and for base on plant height,number tiller per plant, number fertile tiller per plant and grain yield oflines, line of ICB119146( line 7), with 3867 kg/ha yield was best line. Infinal, base on the results about grain yield can line 7 for adoption experimentand replace to current native cultivar recommend. Manuscript profile
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        65 - The effect of biofortification with Iron and Zinc on agronomic traits of mycorrhizal barley
        Sh. Khaghani M. R. Ardakani
        The main resaon for the low quality and quantity yield of plants is Lack of attention to nutrition with micro-nutrients on poaceae family and other crops. In order to investigate the effect of Iron, Zinc and mycorrhiza on barley yield and yield components, a field study More
        The main resaon for the low quality and quantity yield of plants is Lack of attention to nutrition with micro-nutrients on poaceae family and other crops. In order to investigate the effect of Iron, Zinc and mycorrhiza on barley yield and yield components, a field study was conducted during 2013-14 years in agricultural experimental station of Islamic Azad University Arak branch. A factorial experiment was arranged in randomized complete block desing with three replication. Three Levels of Zn, Z1 (no application), Z2 (25 kg/ha-1) and Z3 (50 kg/ha-1) were used. Mycorrhiza fungi including no inoculation and Glomus intraradices and three levels of Iron (no application, 2/5 kg/ha-1 and 5 kg/ha-1) were used. Simple effect of  Mycorrhiza on yield showed highest grain yield  with (3.90 ton/ha-1) was obtained from Glomus intraradices. Highest levels of straw yield with 3.43 was obtained in treatment Glomus intraradices. The simple effect of mycorrhiza, Iron and Zinc showed the highest biologic yield with 6.91, 6.70, 6.49 was obtained in treatment Glomus intraradices, 5 kg/ha-1 Iron and 100 kg/ha-1. Manuscript profile
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        66 - Mode of some of barley quantitative inheritance traits in normal irrigation and terminal drought stress conditions using generation mean analysis
        S. Nakhjavan M. R. Bihamta F. Darvish B. Sorkhi M. Zahravi
        In order to study of heritability and gene action of some of quantitative traits of barley in two conditions, normal irrigation and terminal drought, cross was conducted between two genotypes (EM 79-4×1-BC-80628). In this cross EM 79-4 parent was sensitive to drou More
        In order to study of heritability and gene action of some of quantitative traits of barley in two conditions, normal irrigation and terminal drought, cross was conducted between two genotypes (EM 79-4×1-BC-80628). In this cross EM 79-4 parent was sensitive to drought and the 1-BC-80628 parent was tolerant to drought. The parents with F1, F2, BC1, and BC2 generations produced from crosses were evaluated on field conditions using RCBD with 3 replications. This experiment was carried out in field of cereal breeding unit of Karaj Seed and Plant Improvement Institute during 2005-6 and 2006-7. In this study plant height, spike length, grain yield in plant , weight of 1000 grain ,harvest index, days to heading and days to physiological maturity were measured. Results indicated that mean of squares of generations for all the traits were significant therefore generation mean analysis for all traits was conducted. In normal irrigation conditions on heredity control for more traits except harvest index additive, dominance and epistasis effects were role, but in terminal drought conditions  in heredity  control for all traits additive, dominance and epistasis effects were rolled. The ranges of broad sense heritability on normal condition between 0.34 to 0.63 and narrow sense heritability between 0.25 to 0.53 but in terminal drought condition this ranges for broad and narrow sense heritability respectively between 0.48 to 0.77 and 0.29 to 0.62 were varied. Average numbers of gene in normal and terminal drought conditions were 1 to 7 and 1 to 3 genes respectively. Manuscript profile
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        67 - Effect of drought stress on yield and yield components of hulless barley under different tillage methods
        K. Kaboosi S. Rezaei Nejad, A. Siahmargue
        This experiment was conducted to study the effect of drought stress using four different tillage methods on yield and yield components of hullessbarley in Gorgan, Iran region. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with split plot arrangement wi More
        This experiment was conducted to study the effect of drought stress using four different tillage methods on yield and yield components of hullessbarley in Gorgan, Iran region. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with split plot arrangement with three replications was carried during 2012-13 growing season. The main factor for different methods of tillage was including moldboard plow, chisel plow, disc plow and no-tillage and sub- factor was including irrigation at ear emergence stage amount 100, 75 and 50 percent of field capacity and no irrigation. Results showed that drought stress caused a delay in the occurrence of phenological stages and reduces plant height, spike length, grain weight, grain and biological yield and harvest index. Tillage with chisel reduces days to the occurrence of phenological stages. This treatment also resulted in increasing yield per spike, number of grains per spike and number of grains per square meter. Plant height was significantly lower in disc plow and no-tillage treatments than chisel and moldboard plow. Conservation tillage reduced thousand green weights but this reduction was not significant. Biological and grain yield and harvest index was maximized chisel plow treatment and its difference with other methods was significant. Manuscript profile
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        68 - Study the Freezing Resistance of some Barley Varieties Using Rates of Electrolyte Leakage
        Shahram Ashrafi Rad Seyyed Mohammad Taghavi
        10.22034/jchr.2021.577905.0
        Manuscript profile
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        69 - The Removing Cadmium Ions from Aqueous Solutions Using Barley Straw: An Experimental Study
        Maysam Salih Mutlaq Mohammed Azwaz Nahed Mahmood Ahmed Ashour H. Dawood Alaa A. Omran Rana Warid Maya Talib Kh. Hussein Hind Ali Nasser
        10.22034/jchr.2023.1993013.1791
        Cadmium is a toxic metal that can contaminate water sources and pose serious health risks to humans and the environment. Therefore, there is a need for developing low-cost and eco-friendly methods for cadmium removal from water. In this research, we investigated the eff More
        Cadmium is a toxic metal that can contaminate water sources and pose serious health risks to humans and the environment. Therefore, there is a need for developing low-cost and eco-friendly methods for cadmium removal from water. In this research, we investigated the efficacy of barley straw in removing cadmium ions from aqueous solutions. The adsorbent utilized was laboratory-scaled barley straw that underwent pulverization via standard ASTM sieves, specifically those within the 40 to 120-mesh sieve size range. The functionalization of barley straw was achieved via treatment with a 0.8 M NaOH solution. The adsorbent was subsequently characterized by FTIR analysis to identify the presence of functional groups. The FTIR analysis indicated that the modification of barley straw led to an elevation in the stretch vibration band of hydroxyl and carboxyl groups. At the optimized experimental condition, a cadmium removal efficiency of up to 98.60% was achieved. These results demonstrate the potential of barley straw as an effective adsorbent for removing cadmium ions from aqueous solutions. Manuscript profile
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        70 - Effect of Different Salinity Levels of Drinking Water on Rumen Degradation Kinetics of Barley Grain in Iranian Native Sheep
        Mir ali Pishdadi motlagh Ramin SalamatDoust-Nobar Naser Maheri-Sis Amir-Reza Safaei Abolfazl Aghajanzadeh-Golshani
        10.22034/ascij.2023.1961495.1398
        This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different salinity levels of drinking water on the ruminal degradability of barley grain using the nylon bags technique in Iranian Shal sheep. Ruminal degradability of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) of barley More
        This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different salinity levels of drinking water on the ruminal degradability of barley grain using the nylon bags technique in Iranian Shal sheep. Ruminal degradability of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) of barley grain were determined by nylon bags method using eight rumen cannulated rams that received different levels of saline water including control group (480), 4000, 8000, and 12000 mg/l total dissolved solids (TDS). There was a significant difference between experimental treatments in terms of the degradability of DM and CP in all incubation times except the initial time. In the final incubation time, the ruminal degradability of the DM and CP of barley grain were higher in saline water received treatments than the control group. There was a significant difference between the effective degradability (ED) of DM and CP in the experimental treatments. So, the effective degradability of DM and CP of barley grain often increased with increasing salinity. The quickly degradable protein (QDP) fraction was not affected by experimental treatments but the slowly degradable (SDP) protein fraction increased significantly at the maintenance level of nutrition (2%/h); the highest level of SDP was obtained in treatment containing 8000 mg/l TDS. From the viewpoint of metabolizable protein (MP), there was a significant difference between experimental treatments at the maintenance level of nutrition. The lowest MP was observed in treatment containing 8000 mg/l TDS. In overall conclusion, saline water consumption in the experimental animals seems to affect the ruminal degradability of barley grain and leads to an increase in the effective degradability of DM and CP and a decrease in the amount of MP at the maintenance level.. Manuscript profile
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        71 - The effect of foliar application manganese on quantitative and qualitative traits of barley (Hordeum vulgare) and the relationships between them
        nafiseh mahdinezhad mahmod mohammadkhani Brat Ali Fakheri
        This research was carried out at research farm of agricultural and natural resource station of Zabol, in 2014-2015. Cropping cycle, under alpha lattice design with two replications under two normal conditions and foliar manganese. Foliar Manganese at a concentration of More
        This research was carried out at research farm of agricultural and natural resource station of Zabol, in 2014-2015. Cropping cycle, under alpha lattice design with two replications under two normal conditions and foliar manganese. Foliar Manganese at a concentration of 1 kg/ha was carried out in three stages of planting, stemming and flowering on 148 spring barley cultivars. The results showed that in different growth stages, foliar manganese increased the height, fresh and dry weight of forage, number of tillers per plant, leaf to stem ratio and reduction of seed to forage ratio, compared to normal treatment. Manganese solution increased Crude Protein, Crude Fiber, Acid detergent fiber, Natural detergent fiber and acid detergent lignin traits, as well as reduced qualitative characteristics of dry mater digestibility, Water soluble carbohydrate and ash compared with normal treatment. Simple correlation coefficients between traits showed that there is an inverse relationship between quantity and forage quality. As a result, the factors that increase the amount of forage reduce its quality and vice versa. In the following, using factor analysis, 14 variables were defined in five factors for normal conditions and four factors for manganese soluble conditions which justify 80.81% and 83.85% of the variation of the data, respectively. They made the results of this study indicated the total digestibility of dry mater digestibility, Water soluble carbohydrate, acid detergent fiber and natural detergent fiber from the oral parameters of forage, which can influence on forage quality and animal feed. Manuscript profile
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        72 - Callus induction and regeneration of bread wheat cultivars and barley from mature embryo explants
        Ali Akbar Gholami Alireza Tarinejad
        In this research, the ability of callus and regeneration of four wheat lines, CD-4, CD-6, CD-8, CD-9 and three barley cultivars (Afzal, Valfajr and Kavir) from adult fetal specimens Evaluated. For wheat callus induction, ML1G1 medium containing three levels of growth re More
        In this research, the ability of callus and regeneration of four wheat lines, CD-4, CD-6, CD-8, CD-9 and three barley cultivars (Afzal, Valfajr and Kavir) from adult fetal specimens Evaluated. For wheat callus induction, ML1G1 medium containing three levels of growth regulator 2, 4-D was used to regenerate the ML1R3 medium containing three levels of Kin and BAP growth regulators. For callus induction, ML1G1 medium containing three levels of growth regulator 2, 4-D was used for regeneration of ML1R3 medium containing different levels of BAP and Kin growth regulator. The callus evaluation of different wheat varieties showed that the highest amount of callus related to the CD-9 (79.55%) line and also at different levels of the Thorrod growth regulator had the highest level of callus induction 2.4 mg / L( 77/58%). Evaluation of regeneration of wheat cultivars showed that the highest reproductive rate related to CD-9 line (20.66%), as well as in different culture media, had the highest regeneration rate of 2 mg / L Kin Kinseed medium (27.22% ) Was. The results of callus evaluation of different barley varieties showed that the highest amount of callus induction related to Afzal cultivar (65.33%), as well as at different levels of Growth regulator, had the highest level of callus induction related to 3.5 mg / L (66 / 50%). The highest regeneration rate of Afzal cultivar (13.55%) and also in different culture media had the highest reproduction rate of 2 mg / L BAP (20%). Manuscript profile
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        73 - Evaluation of germination characteristics and growth of barley )Hordeum vuIgare (under the allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts of leaves and roots of weed Pipperweed (Lepidium draba L.)
        afshar Azadbakht Ayob Fesahat mohsen Seyedi
        This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract from different parts of Pipperweed , namely aerial, underground and mixes of them, on germination and growth of barley seedlings in a randomized complete blocks design with four replications in 2015 More
        This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract from different parts of Pipperweed , namely aerial, underground and mixes of them, on germination and growth of barley seedlings in a randomized complete blocks design with four replications in 2015 and 2017 in the Seed Research Laboratory of Mohaghegh Ardebili University. Treatments included the aqueous extract of Pipperweed, including underground parts, aerial organs and their mixture in equal proportions and at five concentrations of 0 (distilled water as check), 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80% volumetric. Based on the results, different concentrations of aqueous extract of different organs of Pipperweed had a significant effect on germination and seedling growth of barley compared to the control (p>0.01). By increasing the concentration of the Pipperweed extract of the aqueous extract, there were significantly reductions in germination percentage, germination rate, radicle length, coleoptile length and fresh weight of radicle and coleoptile as well as the number of secondary roots. Most reviewed traits in this experiment was observed in the control of treatment and then, on the application of the concentration of 5 percent extracts of various organs of Pipperweed and the lowest amount of the aforementioned traits was obtained at concentration of 80, and 40% different organs extract of Pipperweed. Application of volumetric concentration of 80% of the extract air organs, under ground and mix it, could reduced to zero the amount of all the studied traits. Based on the results of the three-parameter... Manuscript profile
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        74 - Investigation of the effect of salinity and seed size on germination reaction, the efficiency of seed reserve conversion, and activity of antioxidant enzymes in the barley (Hordeum vulgare L)
        Akram Fathi Kozegarani tutaj mir mahmodi Saman Yazdanseta
        AbstractTo study the effect of salinity and seed size on germination response, seedling growth and seed conversion efficiency in barley under salt stress conditions, a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized block was conducted in 2018. The first factor wa More
        AbstractTo study the effect of salinity and seed size on germination response, seedling growth and seed conversion efficiency in barley under salt stress conditions, a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized block was conducted in 2018. The first factor was salinity in four levels (zero (control), 4, 8 and 12 dS/m) and the second factor was seed size (in three sizes, small sizes (1000 grain weight less than 25 g), average (1000 grain weight between 25-48 g), large (1000 grain weight above 48g). In this study, the highest seed germination percentage (89%), daily germination average (4.02% seed), root length (5.04 cm), stem length (5.32 cm), stem dry weight (0.026 g), was allocated to the zero level of salinity (control). Also, the lowest amount of antioxidant enzyme activity was assigned to zero salinity level. Among the different seed sizes, the highest germination percentage (86.56%), mean daily germination (4.9 seeds), were belonged to seed with small size and the highest root length (5.31 cm), stem length (5.94 cm), stem dry weight (0.026) and amount of antioxidant enzyme activity were observed in seed white large size. Among interactive treatments, the highest average daily germination time was observed in large-sized seed at 12 d.S and the highest root dry weight (0.065 g), seedling dry weight (0.091 g), the weight of stored grain consumption (0.062), and percentage of transfer of seed reserves was significant (78.96) was belonged to seed with large size in zero salinity (control). Manuscript profile
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        75 - Investigation of Daljin Growth Regulator (Ascophyllumnodosum Extract) under Salt Stress Conditions on Agronomic and Physiological Traits of Barley (Hurdeumvulgare L.)
        atena Seyeed Razavi meysam Ovissi pourangh Kasraei
        In order to study the effect of different levels of Daljin growth regulator on agronomic and physiological traits of barley under salt stress, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design at the Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, More
        In order to study the effect of different levels of Daljin growth regulator on agronomic and physiological traits of barley under salt stress, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design at the Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Varamin-Pishva Branch, in 2016-2017. The treatments consisted of salt stresses at zero (control), 75 and 150 mM, and foliar application of Daljin in zero (control), 0.5, 1 and 2 at 1000. The measured traits included 1000 seed weight, yield of a plant, seed protein percent, proline, catalase and leaf relative water content. The results showed that salt stress reduced the weight of 1000 seeds, yield of a plant, relative water content of leaves and increased protein content of grain, catalase and proline. Also, Daljin spraying resulted in 1000 seed weight gain, yield of a plant, relative water content of leaves and proline. In the salinity conditions of 75 mM, the highest yield of a plant was related to treatments 1 and 2 at 1000 Daljin (8.49 and 8.9 grams respectively). The highest protein content of the seeds was 16.6% in the 150 mM salinity treatments and in the absence of spraying. It can be concluded from the results of positive effects of Daljin, especially in salt stress conditions, and the reduction of the negative effects of salinity in barley plants, and the highest positive effect was obtained by spraying 1 and 2 at 1000 dalijin. Manuscript profile
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        76 - Investigating the yield stability of barley promising lines in temperate regions of Khorasan Razavi province
        majid taherian hamid tajala hamidreza nikkhah
         The objective of this study was to evaluate genotypes (G), environments (E) and toanalyze genotype by environment (GE) interactions on the seed yield of 20 barleypromising lines by the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction(AMMI) model.The trials wer More
         The objective of this study was to evaluate genotypes (G), environments (E) and toanalyze genotype by environment (GE) interactions on the seed yield of 20 barleypromising lines by the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction(AMMI) model.The trials were conducted at two research stations (Neyshabur and Torogh Mashhad) fortwo successive years (2015-2017). The result’s of AMMI analysis for seed yield indicatedthat the Genotype main effects, environment, and GE interactions as well as two firstinteraction principal components (IPCA1-2) were significant. AMMI biplot was able todistinguish stable genotypes and environments with high and low genotype discriminationability. The genotypes 1 and 10 with higher mean yield than total mean were to be moststable genotypes, while the genotype 19 and 2 with the highest contribution to GEinteraction, were to be the most instable. The result of recommended genotypes based onAMMI analysis showed that the genotypes 18, 9 and 1 were highly adapted to Mashhadand genotype 20 was adapted to Neishabour environments during this study.  Manuscript profile
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        77 - Evaluation of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of cultivars and promising lines of barley in the two cold regions of Khorasan Razavi province
        S.A. Razavi H. Hamidi H. Tajalli
         In order to yield comparison of eight cold barley promising lines including CB-85-19,CB-85-14, CB-85-9, CB-85-15 and CB-85-10 along with three barley varieties checks(Bahman, Makoui, valfager), these experiments were conducted using RCBD withthree replications in More
         In order to yield comparison of eight cold barley promising lines including CB-85-19,CB-85-14, CB-85-9, CB-85-15 and CB-85-10 along with three barley varieties checks(Bahman, Makoui, valfager), these experiments were conducted using RCBD withthree replications in farmer field of Torbat-e-haydaria and Fariman during 2010-2011cropping season.During the stages of growth and development, the necessary records of agriculturaland morphological traits, including the dates of spike emergence, physiologicalmaturity, plant height and 1000 seeds weight, were evaluated and after harvesting,weighing and recording the seed yield of each line, variance analysis was carried out.A randomized complete block design was performed based on the grain yield. Theresults of combining analysis showed that there were significant differences (P< 0.05)between two experimental locations for grain yield and 1000 kernels weight. Inaddition, there was a significant difference for interaction of genotype × location on1000 kernels weight. The highest grain yield (6.242 t/ha) related to CB-85-10 barleygenotype which was produced from farmer’s field in Torbat-e-haydaria and Fariman.  Manuscript profile
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        78 - Effect of Foliar Applications of Various Levels of Salicylic Acid on Yield and Yield Components of Two Barley Cultivars under Dry Land Farming Conditions
        Negar Farhadi Manouchehr Sayyahfar Ghodratollah Shakarami
        In order to study the effect of barley variety and various amounts of salicylic acid concentrations on yield and yield components of barley under dry land farming conditions, an experiment was conducted as factorial based on completely randomized block design with three More
        In order to study the effect of barley variety and various amounts of salicylic acid concentrations on yield and yield components of barley under dry land farming conditions, an experiment was conducted as factorial based on completely randomized block design with three replication during 2014-2015 cropping year in research field of agricultural investigation center of Khorram Abad located in 5 Km away from the city. Studied factors include variety (Izeh and Mahur) and foliar application of salicylic acid (t six levels including 0, 0.5, 1, 1/5, 2 and 2.5 mM salicylic acid). Results showed that highest spike length, spikelet’s number per spike, spikes number per meter square, 1000-grain weight, biological yield and grain yield observed in Izeh cultivar. Also, highest grain number per spike, biological yield and grain yield obtained in 1.5 mM salicylic acid foliar application. Totally, results showed that Izeh cultivar by more rapid germination and more photosynthesis produced more grain yield and foliar application of SA increased plant resistance to water deficit conditions and increased grain yield of barley. Manuscript profile
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        79 - Effect of Foliar Application of Humax Fertilizer on Height, Yield and Some of Physiological Traits of Three Dry Land Farming Barley Varieties at Khorram Abad Region
        Saeedeh Mansouri Ghodratollah Shakarami
        In order to evaluate the effect of foliar fertilizer Humax in different growth stages on yield and quality and some morphological traits and barley cultivars a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block level in climatic conditions in the crop year 2014-2015 ci More
        In order to evaluate the effect of foliar fertilizer Humax in different growth stages on yield and quality and some morphological traits and barley cultivars a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block level in climatic conditions in the crop year 2014-2015 city of Khorramabad Khorramabad and in agricultural research station was run. Treatment consisted of a number (three cultivar: Mahoor, Morales and khorram) and foliar fertilizers Humax in four levels (sprayed with distilled water, sprayed at stem elongation, heading and stem elongation and heading). Results showed that the highest plant height and leaf relative water content of water in the Khorram, the maximum length of spike and grain weight in the Mahoor. Highest leaf area index, biological yield, grain yield observed in Morales. Highest plant height, leaf area index, biological yield and grain yield observed in foliar application of Humax fertilizer at both. The highest relative water content in the foliar application at both stages observed in the Khorram. The results showed the highest yield and quality atmosphere among the factors examined Humax of fertilizer sprayed on both stem elongation and heading and the figure was Morales Manuscript profile
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        80 - Effect of Foliar Applications of Various Levels of Salicylic Acid on Yield and Yield Components of Two Barley Cultivars under Dry Land Farming Conditions
        Negar Farhadi Manuchehr Sayahfar Ghodratollah Shakarami
        In order to study the effect of barley variety and various amounts of salicylic acid concentrations on yield and yield components of barley under dry land farming conditions, an experiment was conducted as factorial based on completely randomized block design with three More
        In order to study the effect of barley variety and various amounts of salicylic acid concentrations on yield and yield components of barley under dry land farming conditions, an experiment was conducted as factorial based on completely randomized block design with three replication during 2014-2015 cropping year in research field of agricultural investigation center of Khorram Abad located in 5 Km away from the city. Studied factors include variety (Izeh and Mahur) and foliar application of salicylic acid (t six levels including 0, 0.5, 1, 1/5, 2 and 2.5 mM salicylic acid). Results showed that highest spike length, spikelet’s number per spike, spikes number per meter square, 1000-grain weight, biological yield and grain yield observed in Izeh cultivar. Also, highest grain number per spike, biological yield and grain yield obtained in 1.5 mM salicylic acid foliar application. Totally, results showed that Izeh cultivar by more rapid germination and more photosynthesis produced more grain yield and foliar application of SA increased plant resistance to water deficit conditions and increased grain yield of barley. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        81 - Effect of Foliar Application of Humax Fertilizer on Height, Yield and Some of Physiological Traits of Three Dry Land Farming Barley Varieties at Khorram Abad Region
        Saeideh Mansouri Ghodratolla Shakarami
        In order to evaluate the effect of foliar fertilizer Humax in different growth stages on yield and quality and some morphological traits and barley cultivars a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block level in climatic conditions in the crop year 2014-2015 ci More
        In order to evaluate the effect of foliar fertilizer Humax in different growth stages on yield and quality and some morphological traits and barley cultivars a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block level in climatic conditions in the crop year 2014-2015 city ​​of Khorramabad and in agricultural research station was run. Treatment consisted of a number (three cultivar: Mahoor, Morales and khorram) and foliar fertilizers Humax in four levels (sprayed with distilled water, sprayed at stem elongation, heading and stem elongation and heading). Results showed that the highest plant height and leaf relative water content of water in the Khorram, the maximum length of spike and grain weight in the Mahoor. Highest leaf area index, biological yield, grain yield observed in Morales. Highest plant height, leaf area index, biological yield and grain yield observed in foliar application of Humax fertilizer at both. The highest relative water content in the foliar application at both stages observed in the Khorram. In general, the results showed that the highest quantitative and qualitative yield of barley was obtained from the humic fertilizer application in two stages of stemming and spiking in Morales cultivar. Manuscript profile
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        82 - The effect of potassium and zinc sulfate spraying at different developing stages of vegetative characteristics and yield of barley under drought stress conditions in the last periods of the cropping season
        جواد مرادلو sasan rezadust
        To investigate the effect of potassium and zinc spraying at different developing stages of vegetative characteristics and grain yield of barley under drought stress conditions, a split plot experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three repl More
        To investigate the effect of potassium and zinc spraying at different developing stages of vegetative characteristics and grain yield of barley under drought stress conditions, a split plot experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Agricultural Research Center of Khoy in which irrigation cutting at 3 levels ( full irrigation, irrigation cutting at milking stage, and irrigation cutting in the dough stage ) in main plots and potassium sulfate and zinc sulfate spraying at four levels ( spraying at the stemming + milking, stemming + dough, milking + dough, and stemming + milking + dough ) were considered as sub plots. The results of the experiment showed that irrigation was significant at 1% level for all traits. potassium and zinc sulfate spray were significant for all traits at 1% level. The occurrence of drought stress increased the barley protein content. The increase in irrigation cut treatment at the dough stage was the highest ( 31.10% ). In addition to the spraying surfaces, treatment B4 (spraying at stemming + milking + grain dough ) proved to be better than other treatments and increased grain yield from 3924 kg ha-1 in clustering treatment to 4824 kg ha-1 in dough treatment of the grain. Interaction effect of two factors was significant only on 1000 grain weight at 1% level. Keywords : Manuscript profile
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        83 - A study on grain yield and adaptability and stability of barley genotypes in cold dryland areas
        غلامرضا  خليل زاده
        In order to determine the high yielding, the grain yielding stability , 24 promising barley lines and cultivars, a study was carried out based on RCB – design with four replications in three years ( 2011 to 2014 ) in 6 cold and moderate cold rainfed regions of Maragheh, More
        In order to determine the high yielding, the grain yielding stability , 24 promising barley lines and cultivars, a study was carried out based on RCB – design with four replications in three years ( 2011 to 2014 ) in 6 cold and moderate cold rainfed regions of Maragheh, Kurdestan, Zanjan, Urmia, Sararud and Ardabil. After testing of error uniformity, a combined analysis was carried out in three years for each location. Also, final combination of ANOVA was performed for all environments (3 years and 6 locations ). Results of combined ANOVA analysis showed that locationgenotype and year×location×genotype were significant. The highest average green yield belonged to Sararud with ( 2893kg/ha ) and the lowest one belonged to Ardabil satation ( 1524kg/ha . Lines number 12 with with ( 2471kg/ha ) and 22 with 2499kg/ha ) had the highest average grain yield among genotypes in 3 3 years and 6 locations. Results of stability analysis using Lin and Binns, CV% and rank methods showed that line number 14 ( Schuyler //Alpha/ Durra/3/… ) had the highest stability and lines number 11 and 12 showed relatively stable genotypes in comparison with other ones. Manuscript profile

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