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Open Access Article
1 - The Effect of Insurer Personality Characteristics on Brand Personality and Brand Loyalty (Case Study: Iranian Insurance Companies in Langrood County)
faranak khodayari Sedigheh Tootian Esfahani Roghayeh Tajbar ParashkoohiThe aim of this research is answer the key question of what is the extent to prediction of customer loyalty to a brand toward effectiveness model of the big five personalities and also brand personality perceived. Statistical society of the present research is the custo MoreThe aim of this research is answer the key question of what is the extent to prediction of customer loyalty to a brand toward effectiveness model of the big five personalities and also brand personality perceived. Statistical society of the present research is the customers of Iran insurance companies of Guilan Province. 377 questionnaires in sample taking mode were distributed. It is worth noting that the hypothesis testing of research is taken utilizing the partial least square (PLS) as well as exploiting of statistical analysis software. The results indicate the meaningful impact of every five dimensions of customer`s personality specifications (flexibility, conscientiousness, extroversion and agreeableness, neurotic) on one of dimensions per ceiled for the brand minimally (charming, competency and anxiety) and therefore each one of dimensions perceived for the brand has also meaningful impact on brand loyalty. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Identifying the consequences and preconditions of ranger farmers' participation in the implementation of rangeland plans in Guilan province
Mahnaz Mirakhorli Seyed Akbar Javadi Hossein ArzaniManagement The last decade of the twentieth century has come to an end while human society has been heavily involved in environmental problems and its dangers. One of the most important environmental challenges of the last two decades is the loss of the country's rangel MoreManagement The last decade of the twentieth century has come to an end while human society has been heavily involved in environmental problems and its dangers. One of the most important environmental challenges of the last two decades is the loss of the country's rangelands. Rangelands are important because they constitute an important part of renewable resources and still depend on the lives of a significant number of humans and animals. The statistical population of this study is rangeland owners in Guilan province. The total number of rangelands in Guilan province that have rangeland management plans is equal to 6 rangelands. The sample is equal to 5 rangeland owners. The data collection tool in this research is a questionnaire and to test the research hypotheses, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling with partial least squares approach have been used. The result of the research indicates the positive and significant effect of economic, social, psychological, attitudinal and educational factors on the participation of rangeland owners in the implementation of rangeland management projects. Also, the effect of ranchers 'participation in the implementation of rangeland management projects on rangeland health, increasing livestock production and farmers' satisfaction was positive and significant. Livestock and rangeland balance is one of the most important factors in the destruction of rangelands in Guilan, and until this issue is resolved, all efforts and measures to manage, improve and rehabilitate rangelands are useless or very ineffective. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Study of Relationship between Organizational Social Capital and Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Cultural Organizations of Gilan
majid hosseininesar Soghra Shabafroozan Seyyed Mohsmmsd ShafieiIntroduction and Aim of Research: The purpose this research is study the relation between organizational social capital and organizational citizenship behavior in Cultural organizations of Guilan province. Independent variable is organizational social capital which bas MoreIntroduction and Aim of Research: The purpose this research is study the relation between organizational social capital and organizational citizenship behavior in Cultural organizations of Guilan province. Independent variable is organizational social capital which based on the perspective of social capital's Nahapyt and Qushal. It’s including three dimensions: cognitive, structural and communication. Independent variable is organizational citizenship behavior which based on kalshoven theory included Altruism, Conscientiousness, Sportsmanship, Courtesy and Civic virtue. Method: The method of research is survey which has been performed by questionnaire. There are 250 people in the sample. The way of sampling is Simple Random. Findings: The results show there is significant relation between organizations social capital and its dimensions with organizational citizenship behavior in cultural organizations of Gilan. Also, Multi-variate analysis shows the dimensions of organizational social capital, the relational dimension have a meaningful relationship with organizational citizenship behavior. Conclusion: Social capital can be achieved through increasing willingness of members to go beyond their formal job requirements, individual interests and in the interests of the organization and Create great interest to the activities and general philosophy of the organization. Thus, organization social capital can help to establish and strengthen organizational citizenship behavior in organizations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Guilan role in Iran and Russia cultural relations
hossein kalhorIntroduction and objectives: Culture or the cultural affinities, are nowadays rather an important way to shape the international relationships between countries. Investigation on such an issue would be helpful in order to establish good relation with other societies. Ir MoreIntroduction and objectives: Culture or the cultural affinities, are nowadays rather an important way to shape the international relationships between countries. Investigation on such an issue would be helpful in order to establish good relation with other societies. Iran and Russia face each other on the Caspian Sea. Gilan as the border region of Iran shares various cultural legacies with Russia. These legacies that have been created during last five centuries can create a lot of opportunities in order to take initiatives in their future affairs. This paper aims to exploit the role of Gilan in the future of Iran-Russia relationship. Method: the author makes use of a series of bibliographical, descriptive and analytical data. Therefore, the use of historical documentation, the current events as well as the statistical data become essential for the development of this paper. Finding: the study of cultural and economic capabilities of the region, points out how the historic background of Gilan province with Russia can give rise to new perspectives on Iran-Russia relationship. Results: the cultural and economic capabilities of Gilan Province have never been taken into account seriously because of special circumstances occurring in related area. In more than five centuries of political and economic enterprises between Gilan province and its overseas Russian counterparts let them to claim that they have enough cultural notions to share with. Above the ethnic similarity there are for example, several common words and expressions that both languages share from each other as well as the North South Transport Corridor (NOSTRAC) that runs from Russia to India through Caspian cost to increases the trade connectivity. Thus we can assert that the Gilan province can have a pivotal role to play through the cultural relations with Russia and help to prepare the ground for strengthening the Iran-Russia relationship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Investigation of cultural solution for sustaining Guilan environment (Experts vision
Amena ebrahimi Reza Masoumi Rad Fatemeh BratlouEnvironmental issues have been recognized as one of the main human threats in 21th century. Most of the environmental issues are due of human behavior and these behaviors aren’t done in vacuum and are affected by different kinds of contextual determinants, so that MoreEnvironmental issues have been recognized as one of the main human threats in 21th century. Most of the environmental issues are due of human behavior and these behaviors aren’t done in vacuum and are affected by different kinds of contextual determinants, so that considering awareness, knowledge, being responsible sense and also way of individual confrontation to environments is important in studying of cultural solutions sustaining of environment. Introducing of cultural solutions of Guilan figures for sustaining of environment is the main aim of the essay. Aim of current research is functional, its method of gathering data and information is respectively description-survey and field study. Organizations running cultural policies in Guilan and their operation are related to sustain Guilan environment are Statistical population of research. Based on nonprobability sampling were selected and interviewed 17 experts and trustees of Guilan environmental issues. Finding show that developing level of environmental awareness, knowledge and insight of society and also requirement to commitment to environmental standards and indexes in laws and regulations, development programs and land use planning are the main cultural solutions for sustaining of environment. Other findings show that Guilan environmental situation has been deteriorated rather than last three decades. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - The Study of Iranian Government Cultural Policies on Guilan Folklore Music
Mostafa Feyzesabet S. Abdolhossein Mokhtabad Fatemeh BaratlouIntroduction and purpose: The main aim of this thesis is to study the effect and cause of Iranian Government cultural policy on Guilan Province's Folklore Music. This study addressed the following research question in mind the impact on the local music Guilan Cultural p MoreIntroduction and purpose: The main aim of this thesis is to study the effect and cause of Iranian Government cultural policy on Guilan Province's Folklore Music. This study addressed the following research question in mind the impact on the local music Guilan Cultural policy is? The answers to these questions, the objectives of this research are considered. Method: The method of this research is also multi-method, including some interviews with influentials people and also analysis of provided data. The population in this study, Cultural policy enforcement organizations in Guilan, Whose function is associated with the folk music of Guilan. Findings: The study shows several factors that had a deep effects on Guilan Local Music, including: cultural policy making, the modernization process in Iran, social and cultural changes, the arrival of broadcasting technologies specially Radio and TV, and the role of cultural managers. Also according to the results, The role of cultural policy in reducing the folk music of Guilan was approved Respectively Factors such as lack of adequate resources devoted to the folk music of Guilan, No need for a musical survey of youth people, Implementation of legislation in accordance with the intellectual property rights of artists, And lack of adequate funding for local groups Guilan have been identified. Conclusion: The writer at the end came to this conclusion that by revising the governmental policies towards folklore music, this dying heritage would be able to continue it's existence and be able to be a part of Iranian local and even national heritage and icon forever. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - The recognition of coastal bioclimatic comfort regions in Guilan
بهمن RamezaniEcotourism is an important aspect of tourism, using of this industrial must beaccompanied with a timing and zoning plan for Bioclimatic Comfort (B.C). Importantparameter of location are: coastal kind, elevation, texture, slope,convenient limit ofcoast and important para MoreEcotourism is an important aspect of tourism, using of this industrial must beaccompanied with a timing and zoning plan for Bioclimatic Comfort (B.C). Importantparameter of location are: coastal kind, elevation, texture, slope,convenient limit ofcoast and important parameter of time relationship to climatic data are:temperature,relative humidity, wind velocity, solar radiation that has worked bypsychorometeric tables, Olgay, Givoni, Avanz, Bieker, atc.The research method is applied - analyze with fieldwork and software of GIS(Geographical Information System).The aim of this paper is recognition and submitting coastal bioclimatic comfort mapswith time and region.The result of this research has showed that in the all coastal zone has convenientmorphology region, Spring season hasnot B.C, Summer season in the Anzali coast hasmost B.C. coast from Rezvanshar region until Hashtpar has not B.C in all year, butAnzali coast and Longrud coast has most B.C in June, July, August.The limits of convenient B.C in seasonality and monthly submitted by B.C maps.This maps can help to us for ITCZM (Integrated Coastal Zone Management) planningfor prevention repeating costs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - The study of wood agriculture development process in the east part of Guilan Province
Parisa Mohammadpour Parviz Kardavani Mahdi EbadattalabWood agriculture is always one of the important issue in the economy of villages inthe north part of Iran, Because of rural of this area can use the land multilateral bywood agriculture. Although in many cases, Wood agriculture is done traditionally andalmost is stable MoreWood agriculture is always one of the important issue in the economy of villages inthe north part of Iran, Because of rural of this area can use the land multilateral bywood agriculture. Although in many cases, Wood agriculture is done traditionally andalmost is stable on the base of trial and error among farmers. In this research it's triedto study performed activities during last decade. This causes to analyze thedevelopment process of poplar farming with considering to structural problems.Therefore, Guilan Province's map is studied according to the aim of research, and withnoticing to political map, Roudsar, Amlash, Siyahkal, Langroud, Lahijan and AstanehAshrafiyeh are selected as studying zones So. Satellite pictures of land sat TM and IRSrelated to 2000 and 2010 are selected and NDVI index is applied on picture by NIRand R bands. In the next step, first the forest areas are separated from picture andpoplar farming boundary in 2000 and 2010 is determined with considering to poplarreflection in supervised spectrum separation, and then pictures are transferred to GISspace, they are categorized again, poplar farming areas are separated from other areasin the form of 0 and 1 codes. Poplar farming lands have 1 value and other areas have 0value after this correlation of distances of poplar farming from roads was tested inSPSS. The results show, although there was increasing poplar farming in east ofGuilan Province during last decode, but with considering to social and economicsituation, roads map and villages dispersion. Increasing wood production isimpossible. In other words wood farming that should perform in rural areas isdecreasing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Change of Sefidroud,s Channel on it,s Delta Scince 1982 Until 2008
Jalilaldin SorourIn 1365, Sefidroud delta diversion during years 1982-1955 was studied bySoleyman Kosari in his essay.Based on available evidence (coastal sandy bands, marshes and etc), he proved thatSefidrood river rerouted from east to west during this period ( 27 years).In this essay MoreIn 1365, Sefidroud delta diversion during years 1982-1955 was studied bySoleyman Kosari in his essay.Based on available evidence (coastal sandy bands, marshes and etc), he proved thatSefidrood river rerouted from east to west during this period ( 27 years).In this essay Sefidroud river diversion during years 1982-1955 (about 27 years) isstudied. This study is based on direct field observation and available documentsreviews (Geology organization maps (1:100000) and Kiashahr topography map (1:5000) and aerial photos of country surveying organization (1: 10000) ).Results of field and document reviews in this research showed:Sefidrood river delta completion and its diversion was effected of following factorsduring last 27 years:• Agglomeration and accumulation of Sefidrood river sediments.• Caspian sea current and its movement direction ( opposite of clock handles).• Caspian sea wavesNeo technical movement (specially after Roudbar earthquake in 1369).The results of these effects are seen in two shapes: Land advance and sea pull backin current place of Sefidrood river arrival to Khazar sea (Sefidroud river out fall) andsecond one, sediments movements from west to east and east to west. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Geogmorphological Evolutions of Polrud Delta in East of Guilan (From Quaternary period until now)
جلیل الدین Sarvar بهمن RamezaniDelta is one of the compressible forms of river alluvium which are formed at the shallow main drainage near the river banks. Suitable slope, fertile soil, availability of water supplies, and the considerable size of Polrud delta, has made it a convenient and suitable gr MoreDelta is one of the compressible forms of river alluvium which are formed at the shallow main drainage near the river banks. Suitable slope, fertile soil, availability of water supplies, and the considerable size of Polrud delta, has made it a convenient and suitable ground for human activities, and that its size may very and become larger or smaller, as a result of delta’s evolution, because of the main river’s path, and other water network changes. The outcome of this evolution can have a positive or negative effect on its inhabitant. With respect to the importance of the matter and according to the surveys done, this delta is situated and Alborz Zone and its geological events have had an affective role in its developments. In the Quaternary period, it was effected by glacial age and interglacial age eras and has followed its development’s path in the Holocen epoch ,in such a way that at the present, this delta has been formed by two topographic slopes, river banks and plain, at the shallow basin of polrud. Delta’s medium slope is less 1% and has a very wet climate, in such a way that in the spring, the maximum (54.39 percent) and in the summer, minimum (9.14 percent) sediment are deposited. This research has been carried out according to aerial photographs and satellite pictures at three time periods (1967, 1994, 2006), ground measurements, topographic maps, library references, with the use of descriptive and analytic methods. The outcomes from the researches showed that this delta is of advancing type and has been formed under the effect of old and new river processes, and also the wave functions and effects at present era; therefore, it can ranked as a modern deltas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Identification and Representation of Static and Dynamic Districts in the Geography of Elections in Guilan Province
Zahra Pishgahi Fard Roghayeh Sharifi ChabokiAfter the Islamic Revolution in Iran, during the years since 1979 to 2011, we haveobserved 8 terms of parliament elections in Iran. During these terms, political partiesand factions played an important and sensitive role in elections and assignation ofparliament members MoreAfter the Islamic Revolution in Iran, during the years since 1979 to 2011, we haveobserved 8 terms of parliament elections in Iran. During these terms, political partiesand factions played an important and sensitive role in elections and assignation ofparliament members.The main goal of this paper is to identify and discover dynamic and static districtsbased on factions and representatives in 8 terms of parliament election after theIslamic Revolution of Iran. The studied district in this research is Guilan Province thathas highly participated in political cooperation and elections in Iran during 8 terms ofparliament elections.This paper with analytical method and by using Geographical Information System(GIS) is attempting to answer the following questions that if there is dynamic andstatic districts for factions and representatives in Guilan Province? In case of existenceof static districts, political direction of the selective districts of Guilan Province istoward which party?The gained results in this research show that during 8 terms of elections of theIslamic Parliament in Guilan Province, some of elective districts of Guilan Provinceare dynamic and some other are static, and tendency of major of representatives andresidences of selective districts are toward right party. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - The study and analizing rolestructure of agriculture rurals of khorgam of roodbar township
Teimour Amarstarting of economic in rurals shuld be known as the result of the making of agriealture in fact agriealture had and has a much role in tgeir economic tissue. Although rural societies don,t adjust this activities but the agricultural role in human settlement, syst Morestarting of economic in rurals shuld be known as the result of the making of agriealture in fact agriealture had and has a much role in tgeir economic tissue. Although rural societies don,t adjust this activities but the agricultural role in human settlement, system of economic production , patter of feeding and many ordinary aspect of population in rural cannot be denied.in this research that is a bout the importance of agricultural in economic system and is a bout the importance of agricultural in economic system and livelihood of rural society, one of the bourdary of rodbar township( guilan province) has been searched . collecting and processing of information has been used in the processof current research and the role of agriculture in the system of income and livelihood of the area of rurals has been evaluated and the necessary soulotion for removing the existing problem has presented. The result of this research show that there is a strong realationchip between the index of population of rural regions and the value of economic production of agricultural, meanwhile operation from the potential area could creat an expectation that in the economic operation of area, agriculture can have a better position than present Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - The introducing of natural dangers in Shafarude auriferous basin of Rezvanshahr town.With emphasizing on land sliding
Rafat Shahmari Ardanjani Mohammad Reza Servati Jaliladdin SurourThe main reason of doing this research is to identify and introduce the effectivefactors on natural disasters such as flood, land slide, fire accident ….and also thediversity of area and time of dangers and stretching and size of them in Shafarudeaquiferous basin MoreThe main reason of doing this research is to identify and introduce the effectivefactors on natural disasters such as flood, land slide, fire accident ….and also thediversity of area and time of dangers and stretching and size of them in Shafarudeaquiferous basin of Rezvanshahr town located in the west of Guilan province. Theeffect of reflection of this dangers on the social-economics condition of residents is anoticeable point that shows the importance of this research. This research has done byusing the descriptive – analyzing methods (basin system) and by using from toolssuch as topography maps from organization of army forces and the maps of geology,land using, air mapping by organization of cartography and field observation (Directobservation) and by using the G.P.S device, Excel and Auto Cad soft wares.The study results showed that: the major threatening natural disasters in this basinareLand slide , flood , fire accident drought, Thunder and lightening, animals’ bite ,plant pests, ….. in this direction, type and genus of geological structure and the severalfaults inside the basin and the Astara throughout fault in basin shallow, the differenceof height between the headline and basin shallow, the steep of slopes, rain falling, thelasting snow (about six months), the blowing of strong winds in autumn and thebeginning of spring, the thick mantle of forest in throughout the basin and ….… arethe most important and numerous natural factors causing natural disasters in basinplay an essential role such as land sliding and rock falling(in northwest, centre andsouthwest of basin) in villages- Ardah(1383), Roshandeh(1375), Dashtdaman (1383)and the flooding in Pargam(1375), Rinah (1383), Vaskah (1373) and forest firing inthe forests of south and southwest of basin ( Razah, Dashtdaman) during the recentdecade(1375-85).The events of these dangers a part from economy and socialdamages, within the investigation boundary collectively have switched theenvironment landscapes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - The Role Fundamental of Urban Planning and Environmental Regulation in Preventing Environmental Violation in Guilan Province
Maryam Bagheri amirhoseyn porjohariThe main purpose of this descriptive-survey study was to investigate the role of urban planning and environmental regulation in preventing environmental Violations. Statistical population of this research comprises all 256 managers, supervisors and experts of the 16 mun MoreThe main purpose of this descriptive-survey study was to investigate the role of urban planning and environmental regulation in preventing environmental Violations. Statistical population of this research comprises all 256 managers, supervisors and experts of the 16 municipalities in Guilan province. Bartlett et al. was used for determining sample size (120). Data were collected through a questionnaire. To obtain validity of questionnaire; content and face validity were used. As well, to obtain reliability of questionnaire Cronbach’s alpha was used (0.869). To accomplish analysis of data, SPSSV19 and LISREL8.80 software were used in descriptive and inferential statistics. The results of goodness of fit showed that Root Mean Squared Error of Approximation (RMSEA) was equal to 0.00, Level of significant was equal to 0.695 and also Chi Square/df ratio (X2/df) was equal to 0.958. Based on the standard coefficients, the educational factors (1.14), monitoring factors (1.87) and infrastructure factors (0.75), had a strong correlation with the role of urban management. The result also showed that monitoring factors had the strongest effect in the role of urban management and preventing environmental violation. Educational and infrastructure factors were at a later stage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Paddy rice farmers awareness towards Organic farming in Langrud County
Fatemeh AskariBozayeh Mohammad Sadegh Allahyari Fatollah Keshavarz Maryam ArmandOrganic farming is more knowledge-intensive than input, and requires improving the knowledge of farmers. Langrud is considered as one of the important counties with a share of about 27% of rice production and one of the areas in demand for organic rice cultivation in Gu MoreOrganic farming is more knowledge-intensive than input, and requires improving the knowledge of farmers. Langrud is considered as one of the important counties with a share of about 27% of rice production and one of the areas in demand for organic rice cultivation in Guilan. The purpose of this study was to investigate the awareness of paddy rice farmers in Langrud regarding organic farming.The statistical population was paddy rice farmers in three districts with 500 people in 2018. The sample size was 211 according to the minimum sample size of Bartlett et al. A simple random sampling method was used to select this sample size. Data were collected by questionnaire. Its face and content validity was based on a survey of opinion leaders and experts. The reliability of the measurement tool was performed by a completing a questionnaire from a sample of 30 people outside the original and calculating the Cronbach's alpha coefficients (0/7) .To analyze the data, descriptive statistics, correlation tests and multiple regression were used and analyzed by SPSS22. The results showed that the level of knowledge of 84.8% of the respondents was at a moderate and good level, which indicates the positive tendency of the statistical community to obtain the needed information. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Molecular identification of Anaplasma ovis in sheep in Guilan province using PCR method
وحید Noaman نصرالله Vahedi Nouri, عبدالرضا Nabinejad هادی Miranzadeh مسعود Boroumand-JaziAnaplasma ovis is the cause of disease in sheep and goats in many tropical and subtropical regions of the world. This study aimed to determine the Anaplasma ovis species in the sheep of Guilan province and the effect of some variables (season, age, and sex of the animal MoreAnaplasma ovis is the cause of disease in sheep and goats in many tropical and subtropical regions of the world. This study aimed to determine the Anaplasma ovis species in the sheep of Guilan province and the effect of some variables (season, age, and sex of the animal) on its prevalence. For this purpose, 200 blood samples were taken randomly from different parts of Guilan province through the veins of the sheep. DNA extracted from blood samples was amplified with a primer pair that amplified a 1468 bp fragment of the 16S rRNA gene of the genus Anaplasma. Then the positive samples were amplified with the specific primer pair of Anaplasma ovis from the msp4 gene, which amplified the fragment of 866 bp. In total, 38 out of 200 samples (19%) were positive for Anaplasma ovis. In comparing the frequency of Anaplasma ovis in different seasons, the infection in the second six months of the year was significantly higher than in the first six months (P<0.05). However, no significant differences were observed in relation to the different ages of the investigated animals and the sex of animals (P>0.05). In this study, infection with Anaplasma ovis was confirmed in sheep in Gilan province. The study of the transmission methods of Anaplasma ovis and its vectors in Iran has remained largely unknown and requires more research in future studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Investigating the environmental consequences of tourism development by the Rapid Impact Assessment Matrix method (Case study: Costal area of Chaf-Chamkhaleh, Guilan)
Somae Golchin Bahman RamezaniBackground and Objective: The topic of tourism as a new phenomenon and a source for development can be investigated from different aspects of political, economic, social, cultural and environmental policies. It is one of the main sources of income for countries at prese MoreBackground and Objective: The topic of tourism as a new phenomenon and a source for development can be investigated from different aspects of political, economic, social, cultural and environmental policies. It is one of the main sources of income for countries at present. Unfortunately, due to improper planning as well as weak infrastructure and management of tourism, development of tourism has led to large negative environmental impacts. The aim of this study is to assess the environmental impacts caused by the residences and tourist accommodations in the coastal area of Chaf-Chamkhale using the Rapid Impact Assessment Matrix method (RIAM) in operation phase of physical-chemical, ecological-biological, social-cultural and economic- operational environments. Method: Rapid impact assessment matrix method (RIAM) is one of the methods used for assessing the environmental impacts. Using this method, the standard data of important criteria have been assessed in this study. Findings: The results show that tourism development has positive effects on economic-operational and social-cultural environments. The minimum negative effects were seen on health and traffic and the maximum effects were noticed on physical environment. Discussion and Conclusion: Although tourism development in the study area has seemingly increased economical income and employment, it has posed a much larger destruction and negative views such as degradation of physical environments, land use change and environmental conservation as a result of employing the existing methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Development and selection of green management development strategy in University of Guilan based on SWOT analysis and Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM)
Narges Banaeian Morteza Zangeneh seyed Hossein PaymanIn recent years, with the increase of environmental concerns, application of scientific and practical tools in this field has been welcomed. Universities are the most appropriate place to develop environmental activities and strive to prioritize environmental practices MoreIn recent years, with the increase of environmental concerns, application of scientific and practical tools in this field has been welcomed. Universities are the most appropriate place to develop environmental activities and strive to prioritize environmental practices more responsibly. The present study examines and selects green management development strategies in the University of Guilan as one of the leading universities in green management in higher education. According to the University of Guilan situation, 14 and 17 items were examined respectively as internal factors (strengths and weaknesses) and external factors (opportunities and threats) in the green management of the university through hierarchical analysis. One of the most important weaknesses is lack of infrastructure and fundamental facilities, which have led to high consumption of energy, materials and paper due to the deterioration of buildings and equipment, lack of energy control facilities, and etc. Evaluation of internal and external factors, integration and drawing of space matrix, showed that the green management of University of Guilan is in a situation where aggressive strategies take precedence over other strategies. Offensive strategies were quantitatively evaluated and ranked based on the strategic planning matrix. The results showed that the strategies of supporting green research projects, public culture and incentive policies are the most effective and best strategies for the development of green management at the University of Guilan, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Determining the Economically Optimal Harvesting Age of Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda) in Guilan Province
Mostafa Adibnezhad Soleiman Mohammadi LimaeiBackground and Objective: The aim of present study was to determine the economically optimal harvesting age of Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda) in Guilan Province. Loblolly pine is one of the fast growing species that had successful growth in plantation at Guilan province. MoreBackground and Objective: The aim of present study was to determine the economically optimal harvesting age of Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda) in Guilan Province. Loblolly pine is one of the fast growing species that had successful growth in plantation at Guilan province. Method: For this purpose, growth data and the stumpage price of loblolly pine were used. Regression analysis was used to determine the most suitable growth model for loblolly pine. Findings: The results showed that the best relationship between volume growth per hectare and age is a third order polynomial growth model. The equation for the price of loblolly pine stumpage was estimated based on an autoregressive model. Due to the insignificancy of this relationship at the significance level of 0.05, the average stumpage price was used for various years as an estimation of stumpage price. According to the stumpage price, annual growth and interest rate, the optimal age of loblolly pine was determined based on technical and economic criteria. Discussion and Conclusion: Results showed that economically optimum harvesting age of loblolly pine varies with different discount rates. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Modeling of Qaleh Rudkhan river sediment rate prediction, using LSTM neural network
Mahbobeh Shadabi bejand Ebrahim AmiriBackground and Objective: Proper estimation of the amount of sediment flowing in rivers is important as a data base for many river engineering designs and processes. Qaleh Rudkhan River is one of the most important water basins in the west of Gilan province. The most im MoreBackground and Objective: Proper estimation of the amount of sediment flowing in rivers is important as a data base for many river engineering designs and processes. Qaleh Rudkhan River is one of the most important water basins in the west of Gilan province. The most important branches of the basin are two branches named Gasht Rudkhan and Ghaleh Rudkhan. The river (Qaleh Rudkhan) is made up of two branches (Heydaralat) and (Nazaralat). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to model the prediction of sediment rate in Qaleh Rudkhan River using long short-term memory neural network (LSTM). Material and Methodology: In this research, the recorded Debi-sediment statistics related to the statistical period of 1381 to 1395 has been used. These statistics include daily instantaneous Debi in cubic meter per second and daily instantaneous sediment in ton per day, which are measured simultaneously. The data used to model the artificial neural network are Debi-sediment values the accuracy of the predictions was evaluated with three error criteria. Findings: The three criteria considered are AFE, FFE and n-AFE, respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: Among these criteria, the FFE criterion showed that the correlation between the model output and the measured sediment data is appropriate. As a result, the LSTM model has the appropriate accuracy to predict the amount of sediment in the two rivers of Qala-e-Rudkhan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Estimation of Aquifer Qualitative Parameters in Guilans Plain Using Gamma Test and Support Vector Machine and Artificial Neural Network Models
Mohammad Isazadeh seyedmostafa Biazar Afshin Ashrafzadeh Rezvan KhanjaniAbstract Background and Objective: Having information about qualitative and quantitative parameters distribution of groundwater supplies is one of most important parameters in integrated groundwater management. Thus, in this study it has been attempted to determine a pr MoreAbstract Background and Objective: Having information about qualitative and quantitative parameters distribution of groundwater supplies is one of most important parameters in integrated groundwater management. Thus, in this study it has been attempted to determine a proper model and input combination for estimation of quality parameters including electrical conductivity (EC), calcium (Ca) and sodium (Na) ions in aquifers of Guilans plain. Method: In this study, the data from 132 observation wells during 2001 to 2013 were used and artificial neural network (ANN) and support vector model (SVM) were applied. In the first approach, estimations were conducted according to five different combinations, including water level, distance from see, total precipitation of six months and coordinates of observation wells. In the second approach, estimations were conducted based on combination of the selected qualitative parameters of gamma test with combinations of the best input in the first part. Findings: Comparison of the results from the first part indicated that SVM model outperformed the ANN mode in the estimation of Ca, Na and EC parameters. Support vector machine error values for estimating Ca, Na and EC variables at the test period were 1.218 (meq/l), 0.867(meq/l), and 175.742 (µmos/cm), while for artificial neural network these values were 1.268 (meq/l), 0.933 (meq/l), and 186/448 (µmos/cm) respectively. The results from this part showed that adding the distance from see input improves the estimation of models in all cases. In the second part, using gamma test for measuring the nine quality parameters, the best combination of quality parameters was determined to estimate the three parameters: Ca, Na and EC. The results from the second part show that both ANN and SVM models have an excellent performance in the estimation of the three qualitative parameters. ANN model error values in estimating Ca, Na and EC variables in validation period were 0.662 (meq/l), 0.305(meq/l), and 47.346 (µmos/cm), while these values were 0.671 (meq/l), 0.356 (meq/l), and 55.412 (µmos/cm) for SVM model respectively. Obviously, the results from ANN model in this section were better than those from SVM model. Discussion and Conclusion:Results showed that both ANN and SVM models have a great ability in predicting qualitative parameters in the aquifers. Also, in less inputs, the results of SVM model are better than those of ANN model and in more inputs it is vice versa. Results of the second section showed that gamma test is fully practical and accurate in determining the effective input combinations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Identify, rank and allocate critical risk the stages of public – Private partnership by Delphi technique in the context of resistance economy (case study: water and sewage industry Guilan Province)
Bahman Rassouli Sina Kheradyar Bahman BanimahdPublic-private partnership is one of the new financing tools in developed and developing countries. The purpose of this paper is to identify and evaluate risks and allocation of vital risks in water and wastewater industry projects in various stages of Guilan province a MorePublic-private partnership is one of the new financing tools in developed and developing countries. The purpose of this paper is to identify and evaluate risks and allocation of vital risks in water and wastewater industry projects in various stages of Guilan province and within each stage. In this study, to extract critical risks of executives with direct responsibility in the contracts concluded by B.O.T was used for public-private partnerships. By systematically removing 37 samples were identified for the study. Delphi technique with the priority risk 17 times and more than 3 extracted from the sample questionnaires were distributed. Information collected at each stage and different stages of public–private partnership (feasibility, procurement, construction, operation and transfer) were analyzed by nonparametric statistical methods. The results showed that the risk of the importance of public-private partnerships the top three in various stages of Guilan water and sewage industry there is a significant relationship. The relationship of the individual risks within each stage with the exception of one case is significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Comparative anatomical study of leaf and petiole in three species of pear (Pyrus L.) in Guilan Province
Nasibeh Dehghan Siavash Hosseini Sarghein Rashid JameiObjectives: The aim of this study was comparing the anatomical characters of leaves and petioles of 3 species of pear (Pyrus boissieriana Buhse, Pyrus communis L, Pyrus hyrcana Fedor) in Guilan Province. Materials and Methods: In this study, for anatomical study of spec MoreObjectives: The aim of this study was comparing the anatomical characters of leaves and petioles of 3 species of pear (Pyrus boissieriana Buhse, Pyrus communis L, Pyrus hyrcana Fedor) in Guilan Province. Materials and Methods: In this study, for anatomical study of species, at first, plant samples were collected. Then the manual section was performed in the laboratory. Carmine staining was used in order to stain the samples. After staining, slides were prepared from the cross-sectional area. For observing the transverse sections of leaves and petiole, optical microscope equipped with a scaled lens was used. Then, the data obtained from anatomical characters were statistically analyzed. Results: Leaf and petiole thickness were different among three tested species. The highest midrib thickness belonged to p < /em>. communis (682±1.11μm). The lowest midrib thickness was observed in p < /em>. hyrcana (431.66±1.05μm). Anatomical characters are effective and important in species segregation. Therefore, anatomical characteristics in different plant species will be useful in terms of taxonomic classification. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - ...Evaluation of architectural student’s Aesthetic education in universities (Case Study: Universities of Guilan)
mohadese seyhani hossein Safari Amirreza karimiazeri Seyedeh Mamak SalavatianThe aim of this study is to evaluate the quality of aesthetic education of architecture students in Guilan's universities and explain its importance in shaping the aesthetic tendencies and tastes of students in the academic year of 2019-20. Due to its nature, the presen MoreThe aim of this study is to evaluate the quality of aesthetic education of architecture students in Guilan's universities and explain its importance in shaping the aesthetic tendencies and tastes of students in the academic year of 2019-20. Due to its nature, the present research method is descriptive-analytical and in the scope of evaluation studies. In order to collect data, two types of questionnaires based on the model extracted from the qualitative part of the research, in the Likert scale and the visual questionnaire were used. The validity of the questionnaire was assessed by content validity method. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient and to calculate it the 21.0 version of SPSS was used in two stages; which were 0.89 and 0.92 respectively. The results showed that, students in both levels of education have a higher level of aesthetic knowledge compared to aesthetic wisdom and competence in universities. Such a way that in the undergraduate course, the scores obtained in the field of knowledge were 3.39, in the field of wisdom were 3.12 and in the field of competence were 2.86. In the master's degree, the scores obtained in the mentioned fields were 3.57, 3.18 and 2.98, respectively. This was reflected in the significant tendency of their aesthetic manner to formal beauty. In other words, based on results, the one-sided tendency of the educational process towards the foundation of education in this field has led to the training of one-dimensional architects in an aesthetic perspective Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Evaluation of efficacy of Aliado and Cyazofamid fungicides against downy mildew of local and commercial cucumber in Guilan
Elham Ghasemi Fereydoun Padasht Dehkaei Bizhan Yaghoubi Alireza TorangDowny mildew is one of the most important foliar disease of field and greenhouse cultivated cucumber which caused by the Pseudoperonospora cubensis and engender significant economic damages in Iran annually. The effect of ALIADO with dose rates of 1, 2, and 3 g/l and Cy MoreDowny mildew is one of the most important foliar disease of field and greenhouse cultivated cucumber which caused by the Pseudoperonospora cubensis and engender significant economic damages in Iran annually. The effect of ALIADO with dose rates of 1, 2, and 3 g/l and Cyazofamid (Ranman® SC 400) at the rate of 0.5 ml/l on the control of the disease was assessed on local (susceptible) and commercial (very susceptible) cultivars in the field condition. The experiment was done in randomized complete block design with 4 replication (local cultivar) and 3 replication (PS cultivar), in Kiashahr which has a history of cucumber cultivation and downy mildew disease occurrence. Spraying was carried out immediately after the appearance of disease symptoms and was repeated at intervals of 10, 7 and 5 days. For evaluation of each treatment, data was recorded based on disease severity on the leaves from 4 plants in each plot after 10, 7 and 5 days of fungicides application. Data collected were analyzed by SPSS software and Tukey test. Results showed that fungicide application caused significant decrease in the disease severity compared with the control treatment. The disease control rates were 89.3%, 85.8% and 79.7% on the local cultivar and 86/1%, 85.1% and 77.79% on the commercial cultivar in Cyazofamid and ALIADO with dose rates 3 and 2g/l respectively after the last spraying. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Distribution and estimating fruit yield reduction in the commercial olive cultivars (Olea europaea L.) due to verticillium wilt in Guilan province
Mahmoud HOSHYASR-FARD Hoshyasr-FardDuring 2016-17, we determined the extent of Verticillium wilt (VW) coverage in 49 olive orchards from five districts including of Rahmat-Abad, Rostam-Abad, Roudbar, Manjil and Lowshan (Guilan provinc, northern Iran) by using of a Geographic Information System (GIS). For MoreDuring 2016-17, we determined the extent of Verticillium wilt (VW) coverage in 49 olive orchards from five districts including of Rahmat-Abad, Rostam-Abad, Roudbar, Manjil and Lowshan (Guilan provinc, northern Iran) by using of a Geographic Information System (GIS). For estimating of the olive yield reduction due to WV, three commercial olive orchards in Rostam Abad, Roodbar and Lowshan districts which had optimal, moderate and poorly horticultural managed conditions were selected, respectively. The olive fruit yield reductions in susceptible, moderately resistant and resistant (tolerant) olive cultivars due to WV were estimated based on WV severity and index using the regression analysis. It was found that WV occurred in 28.6% of the inspected olive orchards. The WV symptoms generally become more severe as the season progresses from winter 2016 to summer 2017 (2 to 17.9%). The fruit yield reduction was estimated at 11.3 to 39.4% in districts of Rostam-Abad, Roudbar and Lowshan. Regression analysis revealed the mean fruit yield per tree decreased by 13.61, 27.23, 40.84 and 54.46 % in VW tolerant cultivar Arbequin and 19.32, 36.09, 57.97,77.29 % in VW susceptible cultivar Zard for each unit increase in disease rate (Coefficient of yield reduction % in each rate of VW infected tree). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Analysis of barriers to tourism policy in the urban environments of Guilan Province
Nazanin Naim Abadi Farhad JavanGuilan urban environments with various natural, historical and cultural attractions, has an extraordinary talent for developing the tourism industry, But despite tourism policies and planning, it has not been able to develop in this area. In this regard, the purpose of MoreGuilan urban environments with various natural, historical and cultural attractions, has an extraordinary talent for developing the tourism industry, But despite tourism policies and planning, it has not been able to develop in this area. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to investigate the barriers to tourism policy in urban environments of Guilan. is The research method was qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed using contextual theory and FARAS model. The statistical population is also experts in the field of urban studies and tourism, Based on purposive sampling, 20 people were selected as the sample population. According to the grounded theory model, obstacles such as: lack of expertise, inadequate marketing, imitation of patterns incompatible with urban environments, problems in the chain of tourism services, problems of the administrative system and policy, lack of integrated tourism management within the organization Related issues, inadequacy of infrastructure and physical infrastructure, lack of use of specialized personnel were extracted, Using the fuzzy ARS model, respectively, the obstacles to the lack of integrated tourism management among organizations related to the weight of 0.490, the problems of the administrative system and policy with a weight of 0.488, imitation of patterns incompatible with urban environments with The weight of 0.477, the problems of the chain of tourism services and the inadequacy of infrastructure and physical infrastructure with the weight of 0.467, the inappropriate marketing with the amount of 0.463, the lack of specialized personnel with the weight of 0.458, the most and Have the least importance.Extended AbstractIntroduction: The tourism industry in the cities of Iran, in terms of climate diversity, culture and ancient history, the existence of many ancient monuments and natural and scenic attractions, has very high capabilities And it is always said that Iran is the tenth and one of the fifth countries in the world in the field of tourism, But after a few decades, it is still at the bend of the first alley and again, there are obstacles in the way of tourism policy in Iran and Iranian cities, including the cities of Guilan province. In this regard, the cities of the evergreen province of Guilan in the north of the country with pristine nature, beautiful mountains and boiling springs are the ecotourism capital of Iran and a thousand colors of nature and annually receive millions of domestic and foreign tourists. However, statistics and information show that the cities of Guilan province, despite the unique diversity of climate and geography and various attractions, has not been able to find its proper place from a national and international level And barriers to tourism policy in urban environments of Guilan province has become one of the main problems in this field. Therefore, in the present study, an attempt has been made to explore the barriers of tourism policy in urban environments of Guilan province, from the point of view of some elites.Methodology: The present research, in terms of purpose, is fundamental and applied and has an interpretive and analytical nature and in terms of method, is in the group of qualitative and quantitative research. Grounded theory method and FARAS model were used for data analysis. In this study, the systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin was used for the data theory of the foundation. Since contextualization theory was based on a purely inductive method; Therefore, instead of testing existing theories, the researcher formulates a theory himself. Therefore, the studied variables were identified and explored based on the theoretical framework and categories. In this study, sampling went to the stage of theoretical saturation; Non- probability sampling was purposive sampling. A total of 20 in-depth interviews were conducted. Interviews (between 60 and 90 minutes) were recorded and recorded and transcribed immediately.Results and discussion: Qualitative findings showed that the semantic units of organizational incoherence and lack of proper governance as well as managerial instability and lack of long-term approach in the category of integrated tourism management among related organizations, semantic units lack of readiness and specialized capacity and knowledge and lack of link between universities. And tourism in the category of non-use of specialized forces, semantic unit of lack of quality of physical infrastructure in the semantic unit of inadequacy of physical infrastructure and infrastructure, semantic unit of lack of native pattern in the category of imitation of patterns incompatible with urban environments and semantic units of lack of illustration. Problems of branding and advertising in the category of inappropriate marketing and semantic units Lack of assignment of tourism development interests and finally weak competition-classification of services in the category of tourism service chain problems and finally semantic units of legal barriers and investment in the category of administrative system and policy problems Was placed. Furthermore, the results of FARAS model showed that barriers to integrated tourism management among organizations related to the weight of 0.490, problems of administrative system and policy with a weight of 0.488, imitation of patterns incompatible with urban environments with a weight of 0.477, problems of tourism services chain and inadequacy of infrastructure and physical infrastructure with a weight of 0.467, inappropriate marketing with a weight of 0.463, lack of specialized personnel with a weight of 0.458, the maximum and minimum Have taken on importance.Conclusion: Concluding remarks of this study, the issue of good implementation of tourism policy in urban environments of Guilan province indicates aspects and complex factors on this phenomenon in the context of optimal and integrated management, which requires accurate analysis of barriers to tourism policy. An important achievement of this research is the obstacles that can help policymakers and managers to fill the gaps and policy barriers in the urban environments of Guilan And help increase their understanding to create the necessary conditions for the successful and competitive development of Gilan province as a tourist destination. According to the obtained results, integrated tourism management in related organizations is the most important and most important obstacle in tourism policy in the cities of this province. Finally, the results of the research are consistent with the studies of Saeedi et al. (2012), Hosseini and Taghvaei (2012). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Determination of the Geological Conditions During the Formation of Kaolinite and Bentonite Deposits in NW Alborz Mountains (Pirkoh-Deylaman) of Iran and the Study of Its Practical Properties for Use in the Porcelain Industry
Farzad Asadi Ali Darvishzadeh Ali MontezeriThe area under study is located in northern Iran at 36° 47’ latitude and 50° 12' longitude. It is 15 km from southeastern Deylaman. Petrological study of the kaolin mother rock (Eocene age) under a microscope shows that the rock is vitric tuff with a rhyol MoreThe area under study is located in northern Iran at 36° 47’ latitude and 50° 12' longitude. It is 15 km from southeastern Deylaman. Petrological study of the kaolin mother rock (Eocene age) under a microscope shows that the rock is vitric tuff with a rhyolitic combination containing falcated and embowed glass shards. The thickness of the layer is approximately 20 meters, formed unconformably on a layer of conglomerate with a thickness of approximately 400 meters. Because the shards have a falcated and embowed shape and the percentage of reworked material within them is low, the tuff can be considered a type of pyroclastic airfall. The results of the study prove that ash falling occurred in the water. The stratabound layers show syngenetic deposits to be the main factor in the formation of the clay, bound as a result of alterations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - The Archeology of the Ritual Practices The Case Study of the Iron Ages Cemeteries of Talesh Region (Maryan & Tandevin)
Somayeh Astani Saeed baghizadeh Ehsan Alimadadi -
Open Access Article
30 - The Impact of Women on the Middle class Houses of the Qajar Era (Case Study: Northern Cities of Iran)
Hosna Varmaghani -
Open Access Article
31 - Impression of Zahediyeh sect to Safavid's Sufism
abbas panaheSufism had enjoyed of penetration and more antiquity like other territory of Iran. Sheikh Zahed Guilani established Gnostic movement which had rarely differences with other mystical groups in Iran. However, the base of Zahediyeh's Sufism as on poverty and mendacity, but MoreSufism had enjoyed of penetration and more antiquity like other territory of Iran. Sheikh Zahed Guilani established Gnostic movement which had rarely differences with other mystical groups in Iran. However, the base of Zahediyeh's Sufism as on poverty and mendacity, but Sheikh Zahed because of political and economical penetration which had found in Guilan, Shervan, Aran, Azarbayjan was respected by local and Ilkhani's kings. In spite of the mass number of Sheikh Zahed folowers, Shervan's rulers was always shocked with fear and dread. Because Disciples of Sheikh were more than their forces. After joining Sheikh Safi –al - Din Ardebili to him, on the base of the heritage which Sheikh Zahed had carried to him, the mystical method was created by him. It seems, Sheikh Safi in spite of spiritual motivations and wealth had paid attention to the pecuniary of Sheikh till to increase his power in this way. Besides of this issue, Sheikh Safi, by transferring lordship from Sheikh Zahed family to himself after getting married with Sheikh Zahed's daughter, provided the background of mixed thought of political civil of Iran for his dynasty. This article is investigating Zahediyeh's Sufism and its influence on Safavid Sufism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Investigating the Role of Servant Leadership in Promoting Organizational Trust: A Survey of Employees of Tax Affairs Offices of Guilan Province
Saeed Bagher Salami Hamidreza Rezaei Kalidbari Akbar HassanpourPublic employee's trust in organizations in many countries is declining and one of mechanisms that may improve trust in these organizations is using servant leadership. Accordingly, the present paper aimed to include servant leadership measurement and prioritize its dim MorePublic employee's trust in organizations in many countries is declining and one of mechanisms that may improve trust in these organizations is using servant leadership. Accordingly, the present paper aimed to include servant leadership measurement and prioritize its dimensions in terms of impact on trust, and measurement of trust in Tax Affairs Offices of Guilan province. To achieve these goals, the question is raised whether there is any significant relationship between servant leadership style and establishing trust in the organization under study. To answer this question, the researchers designed a model, and using a correlation-descriptive model, probed the corresponding hypotheses. Each of the concepts were operationalized and the data were collected using a questionnaire. Data analysis confirmed the hypotheses and showed a significant relationship between servant leadership dimensions and establishing trust in Tax Affairs Offices of Guilan province. The desirability of the dimensions and components of research were ranked and based on the ranking recommendations are presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Explaining the Ecosophical approach in Promoting the Sustainability of the Local heritage of Eco-Museums (a Case Study of the Guilan Rural Heritage Museum)
nazanin islamiWith the excessive consumption of energy and its risks, which has become a global concern, paying attention to indigenous technologies becomes more important day by day. In the process of globalization, local cultural diversities have been threatened, and among these, t MoreWith the excessive consumption of energy and its risks, which has become a global concern, paying attention to indigenous technologies becomes more important day by day. In the process of globalization, local cultural diversities have been threatened, and among these, the concern of weakening the roots of diverse identity and especially the cultural differences belonging to rural populations has always been raised as the main challenge of international discussions in recent years. The set of these developments has been the focus of a new look at modern concepts in the field of the concept of heritage as well as museology knowledge. According to what was noticed about the evolutionary process of Eco-museums, this cultural, social and environmental phenomenon can be described as a symbolic evolution in the age of globalization. A phenomenon that initially arose due to economic reasons and then gained strength with government investment and was gradually mixed with popular participation. Further, its protection goals were emphasized and various elements were added to it. Gradually, the communication between sciences found a more prominent role in the management of Eco-museums, and educational goals were also seen in it, which is a sign of the professionalization of the concept of Eco-museums in the thinking of the 20th century. The present study was developed with the aim of explaining the role of the Ecosophical approach in promoting the sustainability of the local heritage of Eco-museums in order to answer these questions: What role does the Ecosophical approach play in promoting the sustainability of the local heritage of Eco-museums? How can eco-museums, considering this approach, while developing some of their environmental capabilities, play a significant role in the field of knowledge and understanding of the traditional space of subcultures? The framework of the research is based on the analysis of the famous French thinker Felix Guattari's point of view in the comparative study of the ecosophy concept in the relationship between the body, environment and human needs as three influencing factors on the quality of body design and based on that, the initial research model is designed. It has been laid out. Then, according to the theoretical foundations of the approaches related to the concept of eco-museum, another model is presented in relation to the interaction of the concept of eco-museum with the approaches of social-cultural Contextualism / social sustainability and architecture inspired by nature, and finally the main model of the research is based on the relationship between the two The first model was formed and their common components were extracted. This research was conducted in a comparative manner and with a qualitative approach with the help of documentary studies, in which the historical-interpretive research method was used in the part of gathering theoretical-historical foundations and the descriptive-analytical research method was used in the context of examining the sample under study (Rural Heritage Museum of Guilan). The statistical population includes all Eco-museums, and the sample population includes those eco-museums that have stylistic affinities in terms of physical and functional similarities. Finally, the analytical model of the research is designed based on the adaptation of Felix Guattari's point of view (about Ecosophy) and the approaches of Contextualism, social sustainability and ecosystem architecture. The results of the research show that there are significant similarities in the comparative comparison of each of the components of Ecosophy in the three levels of mental ecology, social ecology and natural ecology with the approaches examined (including social sustainability, Socio-cultural Contextualism and ecosystem architecture) and these similarities in Eco-museums and Especially the rural heritage museum of Guilan has been manifested in the form of objective, functional and physical similarities. Using new approaches of social sustainability and cultural Contextualism, eco-museums present a new meaning of the words heritage, protection and education to their visitors and subculture. Eco-museums can be considered as a special geographical area where cultural heritage is protected and through people's participation, they try to create a coherent network to introduce the knowledge of the past to the current and future generations. From this point of view, eco-museums are considered as spaces completely dependent on nature, which have rediscovered their form in the course of social developments. Places with real identity that are considered local, national and global capital. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Survay the Coliform pollution in the Shafarood river of Guilan Province
S. Khatib haghighi A. Ghane M. Nahrvar In this survey, in order to study the Coliform pollution of Shafarud River, two layers from surface and sediment were sampled in five stations. Sampling was done seasonally during a year. The pollution b More In this survey, in order to study the Coliform pollution of Shafarud River, two layers from surface and sediment were sampled in five stations. Sampling was done seasonally during a year. The pollution by standard diagnosis of Coliform was completely examined. The most pollution was found in sediment layer of delta area. Besides, the highest Coliform count was seen during summer amounting to (44.2) Coliform in 100 cm3 and Fecal Coliform (22.1) in 100 cm3 river water. In summer, due to the high temperature, growth of bacteria is more than ever and in the delta area, because of calm flowing of water and it is passing through the city and agricultural centers, and entering garbage into it, the amount of pollution has been apparently reached a high level in comparison with other parts of the rivers with rapid flowing of water. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Serological study of leptospirosis in slaughtered cows of Guilan province during 2023
Navid Ranjbar niaki Gholamreza Abdollahpour Taghi zahraei salehi alireza bahonar Pejvak khakiLeptospirosis is a multi-faceted global disease, which causes great economic and health losses to the livestock and human population of our country each year. The northern provinces of Iran are among the rainy and humid regions of Iran, and the prevalence of waterborne MoreLeptospirosis is a multi-faceted global disease, which causes great economic and health losses to the livestock and human population of our country each year. The northern provinces of Iran are among the rainy and humid regions of Iran, and the prevalence of waterborne diseases such as leptospirosis is high in these regions. In ruminants, cattle are more susceptible to leptospirosis than small ruminants. The purpose of this study was to determine the serological prevalence of leptospirosis in slaughtered cows in Guilan province using the standard microscopic agglutination test (MAT). For this purpose, 300 blood samples were collected from slaughtered cows in Guilan province during the spring and summer of 2023. After separating the serum and sending them to the leptospirosis research laboratory, all the samples were tested by MAT method using five serotypes of Leptospira Grippotyphosa, Pomona, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Canicola and Hardjo. The results of this study showed that 62 samples (20.66 percent) had anti-leptospiral antibodies against one of the above-mentioned 5 serotypes. The highest titer was related to Hardjo serotype with 37 samples (59.6 percent) and the lowest was related to Icterohaemorrhagiae serotype with 5 cases (8.06 percent). Titration of positive samples showed that 59 samples (86.8 percent) had a titer of 1:100 to 1:200 and 9 samples (13.2 percent) had a titer of 1:400. In conclusion, this study revealed that infection with L. interrogans is highly prevalent in slaughterhouse cows of Guilan province and the active presence of the cause of this disease in the province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Comparison of CVI and AHP methods in drought assessment and climate vulnerability assessment of Guilan province
Pejvak Rastgoo Bahman Ramezani Parviz RezaeiDrought is one of the most costly natural disasters in Iran and the need for a study to determine vulnerability and identify the factors affecting it in different parts of the country.The aim of this study was to compare CVI and AHP methods in assessing drought and meas MoreDrought is one of the most costly natural disasters in Iran and the need for a study to determine vulnerability and identify the factors affecting it in different parts of the country.The aim of this study was to compare CVI and AHP methods in assessing drought and measuring climatic vulnerability in Guilan province in order to identify its dimensions.The research method is spatial and applied in terms of purpose. In the AHP model, the importance of the resource component (R) with a weight of 0.293 is the highest and the weight of the component of geographical features (G) with a weight of 0.045 is the lowest. In the study of variables in the AHP model, the variable of total rainfall with a weight of 0.750 was the most effective variable and the variety and quality of agricultural products with a weight of 0.088 was the least effective variable according to experts. In the study of CVI components, the CVI index of the whole province was 44.5%. The CVI index had the highest rating in the resource component (R) at 56.12% and the lowest rating in the 36.94% component. The zoning of the AHP model showed that the middle part of the province, including Rasht, Saravan, Kasma, Anzali, has the highest area with an area of 42.11%. In the CVI model,the highest vulnerability is in the whole city of Talesh with an area of 15.57%.Astara and Rezvanshahr cities with an area of 20.88% were observed in a very low vulnerability class. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Preparing and Drawing Maps of Geomorphology of Western Gilan Province With The Scale 1: 25,000 A Case Study of The Range of Astara – Hawiq
Rafat Shahmari ArdejaniMost of the settlements of Guilan province have certain natural constraints in physical development. In terms of geomorphology, these centers, in their physical development, have problems such as earthquakes, groundwater surface condition, forward and backward on the sh MoreMost of the settlements of Guilan province have certain natural constraints in physical development. In terms of geomorphology, these centers, in their physical development, have problems such as earthquakes, groundwater surface condition, forward and backward on the shores of the sea, flood, range of motion, etc. In many environmental management issues and land use, the most important and useful help of geomorphologist is displaying shapes and surface effects on the geomorphology maps, since the establishment and creation of settlements, above all, depend on normal conditions (geology, topographic, soils, hydrology, climate) and geographic location. Therefore, geomorphologic phenomena have a significant impact on the emergence, formation, distribution, and physical development of urban and rural settlements.This article is part of a research project under the same title (Preparing Geomorphologic Map of the West of Guilan with 1:25000 scale) which was conducted by the author in the West part of Guilan province; the results show that geomorphologic phenomena have an important role in the physical expansion of the settlements in the West of the province, some of which are the Caspian coastal sand dunes, steel wetlands (South West Astara), the Marine barracks around Choubar and Haviq, Global faults of Astara, and alluvial materials of Lavandevil, Choubar, and Haviq rivers, and range of processes, create some problems for the physical development of the settlements of the research area. Research method is based on form and process analysis on 1:25000 topographic maps, geology 1:100,000, aerial photographs, and, finally, at some stages of field visits, all the data on the land was evaluated. It is hoped that this work will provide a basis so that it would be possible to prepare these maps in broad national coverage for all the provinces, and give the report to the administrative organizations Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Evaluation of growth Feature of Populus deltoides and Taxodium distichum trees using stem analysis
jamshid eslam dost hormoz sohrabi seyed mohsen hoseyniTree growth has a great ecological and economic importance and stem analysis is one of the reliable and widely used methods which is used to study the growth of different attributes of the trees. In the present study, we evaluated diameter, basal area, and height and vo MoreTree growth has a great ecological and economic importance and stem analysis is one of the reliable and widely used methods which is used to study the growth of different attributes of the trees. In the present study, we evaluated diameter, basal area, and height and volume growth of two fast growing species (namely Populus deltoides and Taxodium distichum). After falling down the trees, 5 centimeter thick disks at 2 meter intervals were collected and transported to the laboratory. The thickness of the annual rings was measured in two perpendicular directions up to1millimeter precision. The results showed that the highest value of the current growth of diameter of Populus deltoides and Taxodium distichum occurred in 4 and 6 year ages, respectively, equal to 1.5 and 5.4 cm and the highest value of the current basal area growth of Populus deltoides and Taxodium distichum occurred in 9 and 10 year ages, respectively, equal to 0.1 and 0.14 square meters. Furthermore, the highest value of the current growth of height of Populus deltoides and Taxodium distichum occurred in 6 and 9 year ages, respectively, with value of 1.3 m 3.1 m and the highest value of the current growth in the volume of Populus deltoides and Taxodium distichum occurred in 8 and 12 year ages, with a value of 0.094 and 0.1 cubic meters, respectively. Finally, there would be concluded that both of these species in such sites can meet the environmental needs such as green spaces as well as economic goals such as commercial wood product. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - A comparative study of walking capability’s level in the of urban neighborhoods.(A case study: criteriaof old and new neighborhoods in the city of Rasht)
ali saffarirad majid shamsAbstract Walking and enhancing walkability in the neighborhood areas may lead to increase security and social relations, accesses, neighborhood identity, the sense of community, neighborhood quality and to reduce environmental quality such as noise and air pollution.Thi MoreAbstract Walking and enhancing walkability in the neighborhood areas may lead to increase security and social relations, accesses, neighborhood identity, the sense of community, neighborhood quality and to reduce environmental quality such as noise and air pollution.This study was to answer the question thathow the walking capability is in the city of Rasht in Guilan. In terms of practical goal, descriptive_ analytical essence, and data collection the current study is on the basis of library research and field work.For this purpose, first walking capability indicators of old and new communities were investigated. Each was compared by standard rules then optimal strategies to improve the walkability of aforementioned areas were presented. Residents of 5 new and 5 old neighborhoods that have a population of 124382 thousands were selected as a statistical society. By using Cochran formula a sample of 366 residents out of population were reselected. In this regard, because of the proximity of the number of new (61722 people) and old communities (62660 people), 183 questionnaires in new and 183 questionnaire in old neighborhoods were completed. In order to understand the gap between studied indices of residents of new and old neighborhoods, due to the nature of interval data, an independent T-Test was used. T-Test results determine that in many of the components between the two communities (respondents) there is a significant difference. In general it can be claimed that according to the field studies, as well as respondents new neighborhood in most cases than the old ones have better conditions in terms of walking capability. Keywords: Walking capability,urban neighborhoods, standard rules, Guilan province, Rasht city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Regional Development Strategy, a Solution to Decentralization (Sample: City of Rasht)
Majid Yasoori Maryam SojoodiRasht county, has been experiencing unique circumstances compared to its surrounding cities and have had a growing tendency to centralization, since the beginning of its formation. Formation of one-sided relationship and orientation of most of the vital and functional m MoreRasht county, has been experiencing unique circumstances compared to its surrounding cities and have had a growing tendency to centralization, since the beginning of its formation. Formation of one-sided relationship and orientation of most of the vital and functional movements of the cities of the province toward the city of Rasht have led to seclusion and inactivity in other settlement points of the province. It seems that with the expansion of activities in the city of Rasht, this problem will be expanded. This study investigates the fields of centralization in the city of Rasht in three areas: administrative-political centralization, economic-service centralization, and centralization of the population. During explaining the most important symbols and instances of centralizations in mentioned areas, to reduce the centralization in the city of Rasht, orient the movements to the other points and consequently balance the movements and interactions, we use the new model Regional Development Strategy (RDS). Regional development strategy with its strategic, community-based and flexible thinking is very effective in the establishment of regional balance since this model attempts to exploit the capabilities, capacities, actions and cooperation of all the regions and organize them as well as possible. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - تأثیر مدیریت زنجیره تامین بر کارآیی صنعتی و عملکرد فنی
عطاا.. طالقانی محمد طالقانی محسن شفیعیان -
Open Access Article
42 - Principal Component Analysis of Biometric Traits in Guilan Native Cattle of Iran
M. Golshani Jourshari A.A. Shadparvar ن. قوی حسین زاده F. Rafeie M.H. Banabazi A.M. Johansson -
Open Access Article
43 - تعیین توالی ترانسکریپتوم گاو بومی گیلان در مقایسه با ژنوم مرجع bosTau4
م. مریدی س.ح. حسینیمقدم س.ض. میرحسینیتعیین توالی RNA روش جدید تعیین خصوصیات ترانسکریپتوم موجودات زنده می­باشد. با در نظر گرفتن ماهیت نژادی و ارتباطات خویشاوندی، تنوع ژنتیکی گسترده­ای بین نژادهای مختلف گاو وجود دارد. هدف از مطالعه حاضر تعیین توالی ترانسکریپتوم گاو بومی گیلان و مقایسه آن با ژنوم مرجع Moreتعیین توالی RNA روش جدید تعیین خصوصیات ترانسکریپتوم موجودات زنده می­باشد. با در نظر گرفتن ماهیت نژادی و ارتباطات خویشاوندی، تنوع ژنتیکی گسترده­ای بین نژادهای مختلف گاو وجود دارد. هدف از مطالعه حاضر تعیین توالی ترانسکریپتوم گاو بومی گیلان و مقایسه آن با ژنوم مرجع موجود با استفاده از روش RNA-sequencing می­باشد. نمونه­های خون از 14 رأس گاو بومی گیلان جمع­آوری و با نسبت مشابه 3 میکروگرم به ازاء هر نمونه با یکدیگر ادغام شدند. توالییابی نمونه ادغام شده توسط دستگاه Illumina Hiseq 2000 از هر دو جهت و با طول خوانش 100 جفت بازی انجام شد. از نرم­افزار TopHat2 جهت همتراز کردن خوانش­ها با ژنوم مرجع و تشخیص جایگاه­های برش، حذف و اضافه­ توالی استفاده شد. از نرم­افزار Cufflinks جهت سرهم کردن ترانسکریپت­ها و محاسبه فراوانی آنها استفاده شد. تعداد کل قطعات RNA تعیین توالی شده 28434708 و نرخ کلی تطابق با ژنوم مرجع 4/87 درصد بدست آمد. تعداد کل ژنهای بیان شده 24616 ژن بود که از این بین تعداد 19994 ژن کد کننده پروتئین و 3825 ژن غیر کد کننده پروتئین بودند. ژنهای ATP6 (آدنوزین تری فسفات سنتاز 6) و RPLP1 (پروتئین ریبوزومی، بزرگ، P1) بالاترین فراوانی را در تمامی ژنهای بیان شده نشان دادند. اکثریت ژنهای دارای بیان بالا در ساختار ریبوزومی و فعالیت­های ترجمه دخالت داشتند که به عنوان ژنهای خانه­دار در نظر گرفته می­شوند. مطالعه حاضر گزارشی از تعیین توالی ترانسکریپتوم گاو بومی گیلان می­باشد که تا به حال گزارش نشده است. با توجه به این که گاو بومی گیلان بزرگ­ترین جمعیت را در میان جمعیت­های گاو بومی ایران دارا میباشد، این قبیل مطالعات می­توانند به ارزیابی پتانسیل ژنتیکی این ذخیره ژنتیکی با ارزش در ناحیه غرب آسیا کمک کند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - On the Analysis of Urban Hierarchy and Balancing the Spatial Distribution of Urban Centers Population in Guilan Province
E. Pourramzan E. Darvish-RahimabadiUrban hierarchy in terms of quantity is the best form of organizing space. Because it makes the distribution of activities and services at the community level, balancing classification, performance and appearance of different ways of life in the various geographical are MoreUrban hierarchy in terms of quantity is the best form of organizing space. Because it makes the distribution of activities and services at the community level, balancing classification, performance and appearance of different ways of life in the various geographical areas .Population distribution system is not balanced in the province and do not get a proper image form of accommodation and population settlement and cities .It was determined by studying the urban hierarchy of Gilan province during the years 1355 to 1395 .It was determined by studying the urban hierarchy Gilan during the years 1355 to 1395 the city of Rasht as the capital of Gilan and the metropolis area with a 42.41 percent of the urban population in 1395 in the "First City" demonstrated their dominant role and now all factors: geographical, social, economic, political, cultural and ...is in the interest of the city and to the detriment of small living centers. Meanwhile, concentration of the population led social and cultural difficulties such as housing problems, expensive land, rent, traffic congestion, failures in service and finally, a wide range of environmental contamination. This city in terms of having appropriate areas of political, economic and cultural, various migrants from surrounding areas has attracted and has been away urban hierarchy of Rank – Size law; So that in 1355 the city of Rasht was 3.41 equal the second largest city (Anzali).In 1390 the population of city of Rasht is 5.48 equal the second population (Anzali).To determine the population dynamics and rank cities in recent years, and its effects on the unbalanced development of urban centers, centralization and domination of one city in the provincial urban it is necessary to take measures in order to spatial organization of urban centers and a balanced distribution of geographical Society according to the possibilities and the limitations and comparative advantages of each region and with respect to land use planning policies and modify spatial development of urban centers. The most important approaches of this research is centralization Of city and Rasht area and attention to small and medium cities Province Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Explaning the Development of Geotorism and the Creation of Geopark with an emphasis on Sustainable Torism Indices in the Dorfak and Deylaman Area of Guilan Province
Tahere Sabouri Mohamadreza Servati Jamshid Jedari EyvaziGeotourism is one of the new concepts in geography and tourism literature that emphasizes the determination of special tourist sites from the point of view of geology and geomorphology. The focus of studies in this scientific branch is to determine the special tourist s MoreGeotourism is one of the new concepts in geography and tourism literature that emphasizes the determination of special tourist sites from the point of view of geology and geomorphology. The focus of studies in this scientific branch is to determine the special tourist sites and to combine them with cultural, historical and ecological resources in order to achieve sustainable tourism development. In the meantime, the geospatial creation of the geoparks by the UNESCO Organization for the protection of Geological Heritage was presented with its special scientific management plans. Therefore, it can be argued that a sustainable and systematic development approach is one of the essential requirements for the effective management of the present era for the development of tourism industry globally. In this regard, the main objective of the study was to investigate the effect of the development of geotourism and the creation of geopark on sustainable tourism indicators. The research method was correlation and sampling method in this study was a holistic judgment sampling method and the sample size included 66 senior experts from the Office of the Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism in Guilan province. After collecting data with standard questionnaires, structural equation modeling technique with partial least squares approach was used to evaluate the relationships between variables and in general, all data analysis was performed using SPSS and PLS softwares. The results of the research hypotheses indicate the impact of geotourism and geopark on sustainable tourism indices in different dimensions (economic, social, cultural, political, technological, and ecological). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Strategies of Rural Costal Tourism Development of Guilan Province
yaser Ramezannezhad Abdolreza Roknoddin EftekhariCoastal shores of Guilan with have the natural attractions, as well as sandy beaches and beautiful scenery can be one of the most centers of coastal tourism. Success in the development of coastal tourism requires strategic planning. The aim of this paper is the formulat MoreCoastal shores of Guilan with have the natural attractions, as well as sandy beaches and beautiful scenery can be one of the most centers of coastal tourism. Success in the development of coastal tourism requires strategic planning. The aim of this paper is the formulation of strategies of rural coastal tourism development in the province of Guilan. For this purpose, an open questionnaire gave to the group of professionals and through were Identified a list of common points of weaknesses, strengths, opportunities and threats. Whit using of Swot model, strategies were formulated that based on the final score priority of strategies are as follows:assignment of coastal tourism Affairs (coastal tourism destinations) to tourism organizations in order to effective and efficient planning, management and marketing (4.102), The holding of workshops and training courses to build expertise and capabilities in human resource of organizations and local communities with a score (4.079), the allocation of financing and facilitate the process of obtaining a license to create a coastal tourism-related jobs by local communities (3/989), encouraging and supporting the private sector investors to create and the development of appropriate facilities in the coastal tourism destinations (3.963), and encourage and support the creation of NGOs in order to education and promote environmental culture in order to preserve of environment of the village and coast (3.636). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Analysis of political-administrative divisions of Guilan province based on the political organization of the country's atmosphere
Rezvan Nazari Yousef Zayn al-Abedin Amooqin Seyyed ahmad Khademalhosini Hojjat MahkoueePolitical organization of space and national divisions is one of the important issues that today governments and governments are seeking to manage the land and the political division of the country in order to achieve the balance and balance of space. Political organiza MorePolitical organization of space and national divisions is one of the important issues that today governments and governments are seeking to manage the land and the political division of the country in order to achieve the balance and balance of space. Political organization of space is planned and executed on the basis of specific criteria and pre-determined goals in the country. Regional and territorial inequality is one of the issues that should be considered in the political organization of space.The Guilan province of the Caspian Sea has long been of great political and economic significance and is one of the provinces which is suitable for the indicators of political organization of the space such as population density,urban and rural settlements, etc. It is. Therefore,in view of the importance of the issue,the author of this paper, using descriptive-analytical method, after collecting data through library studies,uses matrix analysis method to explain the political-administrative divisions of Guilan province based on the political organization of the space of the country.Is. The findings of this research indicate that with the size of Guilan province, which is equal to 14711 square kilometers and less than 1% of the total area of the country,the relative percentage of the political divisions of Guilan province shows the decrease of the province's impact on organization. Political space of the country and,on the other hand, the relative percentage of the administrative divisions of Guilan province indicates the special position of Guilan province in organizing the political space of the country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Determining Tourism Priorities and Investment in selected Rural Tourism Sites in Northwest Guilan
Shahram AmirEntekhabi Reza Veissy Mojgan Sababkar Saeed MahmoodinyaAbstract Prioritization of selected touristic sites according to multi criteria decision technics, with the purpose of determining the tourism potentials of these areas for tourism planning, development and investment and launching reconstruction projects counts is cons MoreAbstract Prioritization of selected touristic sites according to multi criteria decision technics, with the purpose of determining the tourism potentials of these areas for tourism planning, development and investment and launching reconstruction projects counts is considered as a necessary approach to the process leading to uniform and sustainable development of rural areas and prevention of waste of time and money. In this research instances rural touristic areas in west Guilan are prioritized for tourism development and investment. To do this a descriptive-analytic approach is used along with 29 criteria, 11 of which concerning natural and human attractions, 5 regarding tourists attracting domain, and 9 involving authorized and programmable land area. Findings resulted from analytical hierarchy process (AHP) demonstrated that Lisar area, as a selected touristic site, was ranked as number one for tourism planning and development. This is because of the beautiful beach and historical sites in Lisar, its artificial, cultural and social attractions, as well as the touristic route with beautiful scenery. Esteel lagoon, regarded as having natural and human attractions such as lagoon, lake, penetrable forest, historical sites and social and cultural attractions stands second for tourism planning and development. Touristic village of Guisoom, being a part of Talesh county, with sand beach, forest route, and artificial and natural attractions achieved a rating of three for tourism planning and development Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Evaluating Ecological Power of Guilan Province for Ecotourism Activities Development
Mehdi Hesam amirreza shabahramiOne of the most important steps in planning ecotourism activities is the assessment of the power of different areas to create and develop these activities. In this regard, and given that the province of Guilan is one of the main tourist destinations in the country, in t MoreOne of the most important steps in planning ecotourism activities is the assessment of the power of different areas to create and develop these activities. In this regard, and given that the province of Guilan is one of the main tourist destinations in the country, in this research the ecological ability assessment of Guilan province for ecotourism activities is discussed. To do this research, firstly, the basic criteria for ecotourism activities were selected through study literature and the layers were prepared. Also, according to the views of 23 experts and experts in the field, the weight of each criterion was determined by hierarchical analysis method. Finally, the map of the spatial layers in the Arc Gis software after the application of the coefficient of importance, was integrated and integrated and the areas susceptible to ecotourism activity were identified. The results of the research show that the total area of the Guilan province is 4907 square kilometers in the most suitable category, 7593 square kilometers in the appropriate category, 779 square kilometers in the middle class and 785 square kilometers in the category of inappropriate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Investigating the Conformity of Dismantling Principles with Guilan Rural Vernacular Architecture
Seyed Mehdi Amirkiaei Seyed Majid Mofidi Shemirani Mohammadjavad Mahdavinejad Mohammadmehdi Raeis SamieiThe dismantling method since the beginning of the design process makes it possible to reuse the components and materials of the building. This will reduce the consumption of new resources and energy,the waste generation and will protect the environment. The study of ver MoreThe dismantling method since the beginning of the design process makes it possible to reuse the components and materials of the building. This will reduce the consumption of new resources and energy,the waste generation and will protect the environment. The study of vernacular architecture in some regions shows similar principles in the structure of buildings with the principle of dismantling. A kind of vernacular architecture exists in northern Iran and in Guilan province. Guilan's vernacular rural architecture has its own unique structural and formal features whose its components are capable of dismantling due to the run technique ,type of fittings and proper materials. The purpose of this research is to define the dismantling, principles, objectives and its benefits as well as the investigation of Guilan rural vernacular architecture and its constituent structures and the degree of adaptability of this architecture to dismantling method. The research method is descriptive-analytic. Based on library and documentary studies and collecting field information, the data will be collected and analyzed.The statistical population includes rural vernacular houses of Guilan and sample size is some selected buildings chosen by targeted selection technique. The results of analyzes show that Guilan's vernacular rural architecture has the ability to dismantle due to the implementation technique, the use of fittings and appropriate materials and conforms to the principles of dismantling Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Explaining the Tourism Climate of the East of Guilan Province Using the Physiological Equivalent Temperature
Naser Khoshdel Parviz Rezaei Sadraldin Sadraldin GholamReza JanbazGhobadiIn this research, the tourism climate of the east of Guilan province during the statistical period 1996 to 2015 (20 years) was investigated by PET and TCI methods, and was interpolated with the Kriging method. Also, by using factor analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis, t MoreIn this research, the tourism climate of the east of Guilan province during the statistical period 1996 to 2015 (20 years) was investigated by PET and TCI methods, and was interpolated with the Kriging method. Also, by using factor analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis, they categorized their values from the spatial dimension. Factor analysis of PET values from spatial dimension showed that the PET value of this area was classified into two groups and 52.59% and 46.87% of the variance of the data in rotational state respectively. The first component consists of Roudsar, Kyashahr, Lahijan, Ramsar, Masouleh, Anzali and Rasht stations, and the second component includes the Manjil, Dylaman, Jirandeh and MoalemKalayeh stations. Also, the cluster analysis of the amount of PET divided the East Guilan stations into two groups, with Kyashahr, Roudsar, Lahijan, Ramsar, Rasht and Anzali stations in the first group and Masouleh, Manjil, Dylaman, MoalemKalayeh and Jirandeh stations in the second group. In this regard, the number of detected factors of the TCI value from spatial dimension showed that the two components explained 56.51 and 37.54 percent of the variance of the data in rotational state, the first component is comprised Ramsar, Anzali, Rasht, Kyashahr, Lahijan, Roudsar and Manjil stations, and the second component is the Masouleh, Dyelaman, Jirandeh and MoalemKalayeh stations. Also, using cluster analysis, two independent groups were identified based on the similarity of TCI values. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Explaining the Social – Cultural Role of Tourism in Rural Development (Case Study: Southwest Rurals of Guilan)
Parviz Rajabi Nasrollah Molaeihashjin Akbar MotamedimehrIntroduction: Social and cultural effects of tourism are the procedures that tourism creates changes in value systems, people’s behavior families’ connections, genre of group life, traditional customs, and social; systems in that. Tourists communicate with L MoreIntroduction: Social and cultural effects of tourism are the procedures that tourism creates changes in value systems, people’s behavior families’ connections, genre of group life, traditional customs, and social; systems in that. Tourists communicate with Local inhabitants during their residence destinations and the result of their mutual communications cuase changes in society of hosts’ quality of life, value systems, division of labor, familie’s relations, attitudes, behavior Patterns, customs and usages. These changes become obvious if there are a lot of cultural – social discrepancies between tourists and local residents. Today’s cultural social planning in local areas as a part of local permanent development process is very important.Research Aim: The aim of the current research is to determine the socio-cultural role of tourism in the development of the southwestern villages of Gilan.Methodology: Ready research has fulfilled in terms of descriptive – analytic. Essential data collection has fulfilled by two ways of reading documents and fieldwork. In the part of Reading documents, ground role of theory and history of reading are the topic of research study and on this base, the number of effective tourism social – cultural index on local development has chosen. Because of extent of study realm and much more number of families, random sampling was used. In first phase, the number of sample rural families were calculated in terms of caukran. Sampling and then 378 sample questioner were devoted on the base of families’ proportional distribution on the area. Emamzade Ebrahim, Ghale´e Roudkhan, shanbe Bazar, Makolvan, Emamzade Eshagh, seyed Abad, Nasir Mahale, Chomach Gurab, Doroud khan, Markhal, Abaskouh, Roudpish, Jirde, Siamazgi, Lask, Node, Koumsar, Lolaman, Gasht, Siahroud, and Kord Mahale are sample villages in ready research study.Studied Areas: The southwestern villages of Gilan province constitute the study area of this research.Results: With regards to data derivation from questionar, for evaluation and statement of cultural – social role of tourism in rural development, indexes were used like: helping to increas of citizens’ fixation toward, village, to persuade to more use of Modern instrument for homes, rising life style, to improve public social services, increasing career chances, freedom feeling for rural women, to develop, changing and renovation of local culture to develop and improvement of career chances between rural men and women, to develop sanitary services, improvement of social relations and deduction of social equality, prevention of rural imeg ration process, encouragement and preparation of reciprocal imegaation, preparation of new conviniences and services, revivaland, reinforcement of fixation of inmate to local customers, habitudes, architecture, handicrafts and dressing. Descriptive findings show that there is a relationship between tourism and cultural changes in Local area of southwest Guilan.Conclusion: The southwestern region of Gilan has provided the development of villages by taking advantage of the capabilities and potentials of natural, historical-archaeological, religious and economic tourism. These changes that result from the development of tourism have laid the foundation for rural development with a socio-cultural approach in the southwestern district of Guilan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Designing a Value Co-Creation Model for the Medical Tourism Industry in Guilan Province
Maryam Hassanzadeh Narges Delafrooz Ali Gholipour Soleimani Kambiz ShahroudiGiven the natural, historical, and cultural potentials of Guilan province, a key pivot of its development is tourism, among whose different forms medical tourism is of particular importance. Co-creation is a sort of marketing strategy that emphasizes the creation and re MoreGiven the natural, historical, and cultural potentials of Guilan province, a key pivot of its development is tourism, among whose different forms medical tourism is of particular importance. Co-creation is a sort of marketing strategy that emphasizes the creation and recognition of values shared by an organization and customers to improve service quality and preserve and create value for customers. The present study aims to propose a value co-creation model with an emphasis on organization and customer in the medical tourism industry. The research is exploratory in nature and applied in the objective. The statistical population is composed of eight scientific and executive experts in tourism and eight medical tourists. The sampling method is purposive and snowball. Data, which were collected by semi-structured interviews, were analyzed by the grounded theory. After three steps of coding, the model of value co-creation with organization and customer was identified as a paradigm. The validity and reliability of the data were checked by a combination of validity measurement methods and the test-retest method. Based on the results, the strategies of organizational value co-creation were considered to include the medical tourism mix as the pivotal phenomenon, medical tourism potentials as causal conditions, and medical tourism infrastructure as contextual factors. Customer value co-creation including resources, motivations, and interactions of tourists and customer value co-creation behavior including loyalty and citizen behavior were considered as the consequences of the model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Analysis of Entrepreneurship in Rural Areas with Resistance Economics Approach with Emphasis on the Role of Constructive Mobilization in Guilan Central Area
Fahimeh Zahmatkesh Teymour AmarAn investigation about Entrepreneurship in the Rural regions considering Resistant Economy Approach emphasizing the Role of Sazandagi-Baseej in Central Parts of Gilan is aim of the article. The method of the investigation is Descriptive analytic and the method of the In MoreAn investigation about Entrepreneurship in the Rural regions considering Resistant Economy Approach emphasizing the Role of Sazandagi-Baseej in Central Parts of Gilan is aim of the article. The method of the investigation is Descriptive analytic and the method of the Information Collection is the Field Documentary. Entrepreneurs of the Statistical Society of the investigation is under the protection of the Baseej of the Rurals of Rasht,Anzali and Rudbar.The Sampling Community of the Mountainous Partition according to the Morgan Table in the plain of Rurals which contains 200 entrepreneurs and in the mountainous Rurals 70 ones.The investigation about entrepreneurship considering the activities in the plain regions differs from the mountainous region. existence of markets in Rasht and Anzali makes the products of clothing and tailoring more prevalent by Rurals. Matting handicrafts industry is the other activity which is prevalent in the villages of the plain partition in which raw materials is a kind of the plants which belongs to the region.The Rurals are interested in the activities and it is because of its profitableness. Generally speaking, 69% Entrepreneurs of plain regions of Rasht and Anzali and 72% of them from the mountainous region are under the protection of Baseej. Considering the kinds of the activities in the mountainous region 90% them belong the agriculture and%10belongs to services ones and most prevalent activities of the plain regions are as following: %30 of the activities belong to the agriculture, 22/5% of them belong to services and %47/5 of them belong to the industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Evaluation and Pathology of the new rural management system and rural development (Case Study: Central District of Guilan)
mohamad nasiri lake nasrolah molaei eisa pourramzanAfter more than a decade of dehumanization, the evaluation of the functioning of this popular institution has been considered;With an overview of the villages in the central region of Guilan, it can be seen that most of the villages have evolved from the physical-spatia MoreAfter more than a decade of dehumanization, the evaluation of the functioning of this popular institution has been considered;With an overview of the villages in the central region of Guilan, it can be seen that most of the villages have evolved from the physical-spatial dimension, but in other dimensions, especially the economic dimension, they have been unsuccessful.As development should be realized in all its dimensions, rural pathology can be traced along with the pathology of current rural management.The statistical population of this research is the central region of Guilan province, which includes: Rasht-Rudbar-Anzali-Sumi-Sara-Shafteh and Fouman; totaling 939 villages.To select the sample, villages with a selection were selected.Selection of villages is done according to the geographical location in an optional manner.10 very large villages are selected. 40 percent of the big villages - 20 percent of the middle villages and 10 percent of the small villages are considered as examples. In total, 120 villages are exemplary.In the context of the main hypothesis of the research, it has been proved that the new rural management system and the development of the villages in the central region of Guilan are damaged and the most damage is in the environmental-ecological areas.Also, based on the number of collected responses, the lack of proper planning for waste management, the problem of disposal of surface water and household sewage, and land use change as the most important environmental-ecological damage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Identifying the dimensions of destination social responsibility from the perspective of tourists in urban and rural tourism destinations of Guilan province by classical Grounded Theory research method
Fereshteh Ghavidel Ali Gholipour Soleimani Seyed Mahmoud Shabgoo Monsef Alireza Farokhbakht FoomaniIntroduction: The tourism industry is one of the most important sources of income for the countries of the world, and in the 21st century, it has been ranked as the second most important industry in the world. Tourism of a destination is highly dependent on its natural MoreIntroduction: The tourism industry is one of the most important sources of income for the countries of the world, and in the 21st century, it has been ranked as the second most important industry in the world. Tourism of a destination is highly dependent on its natural and cultural resources and has positive and negative effects on the environment. Therefore, social responsibility has been considered as a concern of urban and rurals Destination managers of tourism destinations more than before.Research Aim: the main purpose of this research is Identifying the dimensions of social responsibility of urban and rurals' destinations in Guilan province from the Tourists' Point of view.Methodology: The present study, based on the type of data, is qualitative and based on the type of purpose, was basic and based on location, was field research and in terms of method and process, the data was classical Grounded Theory. The statistical population of this study was tourists and experts from all over Iran who have traveled to the tourist destinations of Gilan province for at least the past two years. The sampling method, due to the unlimited statistical population and the impossibility of accessing the entire required sample, was Convenience and snowball Non-probability Sampling. Data collection tools was semi-structured in-depth interview, which due to quarantine restrictions, more It was done by phone. The number of samples was 12 according to the theoretical saturation. Data analysis was performed through open, theoretical and theory-based coding using MaxQDA 2020 software.Studied Areas: The study area of the research includes all tourism destinations, pilgrimage, entertainment, parks and green spaces, hotels, residences, restaurants in all cities and villages of Guilan province.Results: The findings show that the legal, environmental, economic, cultural and ethical dimensions are respectively the desired dimensions of destination social responsibility for tourists.Conclusion: Because this study revealed tourists' perceptions of the destination social responsibility, the results could have important implications for marketers and destination managers; Because they can differentiate their destination products from others and in the long run enjoy great benefits such as long-term links between tourists and destinations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Historical geography of Guilan cities in trems of tourism
Mohammad Taqi Rahnamaei Seyed Mehdi Musakazemi Seyed Ali Hosseini Behnaz PourkhodadadCities are important tourist destinations. Many tourists visit historical monuments during their travels. But in many cases, they do not have much information about their historical geography. For this reason, they do not have deep perceptions of cities. Cities have bee MoreCities are important tourist destinations. Many tourists visit historical monuments during their travels. But in many cases, they do not have much information about their historical geography. For this reason, they do not have deep perceptions of cities. Cities have been one of the most important social fields, throughout history, that Many historical, political and cultural challenges have occurred in them, that following these challenges, the location of cities has moved. Some of them have lost their role and importance due to natural and historical events, and perhaps cities that have gained new importance following a political decision.Guilan is one of the most important tourist destinations in Iran. But the main motivation of tourists is mainly to use the natural attractions of Guilan. Few people know how the two cities of Lahijan in Guilan Biepish and Fooman in Giulan Biepas, where the government was based of them in the past, have given up their role to a small town, Rasht, following a political decision, Or how a fishing village called Anzali is formed into a port and tourist city and this city becomes a refuge for expelled Polish, Russian and Armenian immigrants, or how with the limitation of political and economic relations between Iran and the former Soviet Union, Karganrood has declined and its inhabitants are moving to the current location of Hashtpar, which is one of the most active cities in the province today.This article tries to analyze the cities of Rasht, Lahijan, Fooman, Bandar Anzali and Talesh from the perspective of historical geography And define spatial-historical developments these cities with the aim of amplifing a deeper view of them. With the hope that this research can be a basis for a better and deeper understanding of Iranian cities and explain the relationship between historical geography, cities and tourism.The research method is documentary and field observations and the historical maps of these cities have been used to explain their historical geography. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Spatial analysis of geomorphic hazards in order to identify safe residential areas (Case study: urban areas of Gilan province)
Payam Jafari Hamid Majedi Hossein ZabihiGeomorphic hazards have occurred continuously and throughout history in different areas of the globe and continue to do so. But we recognize these events as a danger when they threaten human settlements and cause damage to man-made buildings, facilities, and equipment. MoreGeomorphic hazards have occurred continuously and throughout history in different areas of the globe and continue to do so. But we recognize these events as a danger when they threaten human settlements and cause damage to man-made buildings, facilities, and equipment. Also, since humanity has not been able to prevent the occurrence of many of these dangers, the best solution is to stay away from these dangers. However, many human settlements are placed in risky situations in terms of geomorphic hazards, which is a potential threat to them. Therefore, by identifying high-risk and safe residential areas, it is possible to prepare to deal with risks and to use safe residential areas in urban planning in future developments and constructions. Based on this, the present research was conducted with this concern to identify safe residential zones in Guilan province, which is considered a high-risk province in terms of geomorphic hazards, through spatial analysis. The research method is mixed or combined (quantitative and qualitative) and a combination of library and field methods was used to collect data and information. The results of this research showed that based on the opinions of specialists and experts, the most important geomorphic hazards that are considered as a threat to the urban areas of Guilan province include earthquakes, floods, landslides, erosion, subsidence, and liquefaction, respectively. In terms of the spatial distribution of safe residential areas, based on what was obtained from the output of the fuzzy model in the GIS software, 51.5% of the Guilan province is covered by unsafe and relatively unsafe levels in terms of geomorphic hazards. On the other hand, safe and relatively safe zones cover 23.4% of the area of Guilan province, and 25.1% of the area of the province is covered by the medium security zone. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Evaluation of local management in rural areas of west and southwest of Guilan province
mahmod qasemnejad, nasrollah molaeihashjin , mohammad baset qoraishi eisa pourramzanRural management is a set of information and skills and an essential element of policy-making, planning and implementation of rural development programs and is one of the main axes in the analysis of rural issues. Local management with the nature of central management, MoreRural management is a set of information and skills and an essential element of policy-making, planning and implementation of rural development programs and is one of the main axes in the analysis of rural issues. Local management with the nature of central management, organized form, subject to central government is one of the manifestations of rural management which is very important due to its considerable decision-making power. For this reason, the present study has studied the subject with the aim of evaluating local management and descriptive-analytical method in rural areas of west and southwest of Guilan province (7 cities). The statistical population of this study included governors, districts, govermente experts, district experts, housing foundation experts, agricultural jihad experts, provincial rural affairs expert, villagers and members of the Islamic Council (156 respondents) and the data collection tool was a questionnaire and regression analysis is used to analyze the data. First, using Delphi technique, three components of knowledge and attitude, rules and regulations and local indicators (including 54 variables) were selected and have been assessed from the local community to evaluate the issue. Then, with the help of regression analysis, it was found that these three components have affected local management. Also, the high and low positive limits obtained from the single-sample t-test, it can be claimed that all three indicators are in good condition. According to T-statistics, local index, knowledge and attitude, and then rules and regulations had the most to the least impact on local management in the study area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - The analysis and climate classification of mean total of necessary (heating and cooling) in Guilan realm emphatically on natural gas consumption
بهمن رمضانی زهرا کاظم نژادOne of the main parameters of climate determinant in every region is ''temperature'', that they estimate of needs will supplying by natural gas in cold season, that need to heating and cooling and it monthly and annual changes for household and on the other hand they cl MoreOne of the main parameters of climate determinant in every region is ''temperature'', that they estimate of needs will supplying by natural gas in cold season, that need to heating and cooling and it monthly and annual changes for household and on the other hand they climate classification is very important to calculation amount of natural gas consumption. In this research, mean total of HDD and CDD monthly, seasonal and annual in Guilan by using of HDD and CDD studiedly index according to temperature threshold between 18.3 to 23.9 °C calculation, drawing and were analyzed. Database included mean daily temperature and relative humidity for selected stations of Guilan during available statistical period. At first, from total of seasonal mean, present the total maps of seasonal necessary energy, and from total of annual mean, the total maps of annual necessary energy, too. Then, the region has been classified from viewpoint of heating, cooling and humidity factor and finally, calculating the cost of heating climate classifying according to necessary natural gas of a standard unit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Population and Urbanism In The Guilan Province A Geographical Study
teymor amarCity and urbanism is result of relation between human and environment. human’s interference in the nature have creating structural and spatial change that city is sign this alteration. Because, ci MoreCity and urbanism is result of relation between human and environment. human’s interference in the nature have creating structural and spatial change that city is sign this alteration. Because, city has different function, in the geographical study have special status. City and urbanism culture in the ours country have past long and “Guilan province” salient that urbanism has from past long. In this province creation and trans formation to be not reach the same position in the all part and show differents proportional geographical factors that this article attempts to explain this case by three factors of population, ‘Geography position‘, and topography. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Geographical analyzing of expanding second home in rural region of Anzali after the Islamic Republic
teymoor amar afsaneh berenjkar Second homes are one of symbol for developing tourism in rural region and are indicative more longevity of tourist in rural region . The emergence and expanding this phenomenon may account as a symbol for capitalism growth in the rural com More Second homes are one of symbol for developing tourism in rural region and are indicative more longevity of tourist in rural region . The emergence and expanding this phenomenon may account as a symbol for capitalism growth in the rural communities which follow up the deposition and longevity in this community , leave remarkable economic impact in the long - term .In Caspian coast , biginning and expanding the second home were more in coastal strip and shows almost a 3 decade experiences. This research using library and field study had been viewed the dimension and the trend of expanding second home in rural region of Bandar Anzali . The result indicate that expanding second home in this region generally , are influenced by the region geographical condition and local planning (for example, free zone) . The most number of second home had established in recent decade and the owner of more of this home are residence in Tehran ; and the stay opportunity to this homes are generally 3 weeks to one month in a year. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - The Transformation of Traditional Urban System to Daily Urban System (DUS) in Guilan Central Region
NASER AZIMI nasrollah molaei hekmat baghaei hasan hosseini aminiSpecial geographical characteristics of central origins of Guilan province have always had the potential to cause the crowded centers located at area to access the capital city of the province and to other cities eas MoreSpecial geographical characteristics of central origins of Guilan province have always had the potential to cause the crowded centers located at area to access the capital city of the province and to other cities easily and uniquely . However , the lack of good roads to daily connections to the central city did not make this possibility in the past urban system, but in recent two decades ,development of asphalted roads has made this possibility so that the traditionally hierarchal system of the old times changed into the Daily Urban System(DUS).Following this revolution, daily trips cause the population of the city of Rasht to increase more than its fixed population, and this matter caused the argument of naming Rasht as a megalopolis. Despite the population of the city of Rasht which Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - The Role of Rural Heritage Museum in Rural Cultural Development (case study: Guilan's Rural Heritage Museums)
مسعود مهدوی مینا ترابیRural tourism introduces new phenomena like establishment of rural heritage museums to village environment. As we know climate conditions and ethnic and racial diversities are high in our country. So, it is not surprising if our new generation has little information abo MoreRural tourism introduces new phenomena like establishment of rural heritage museums to village environment. As we know climate conditions and ethnic and racial diversities are high in our country. So, it is not surprising if our new generation has little information about socio-cultural, ethnic, tribal, architectural, city making background, and forefather’s style of living. As a result, to improve the condition, one of the ways is to introduce geographical and historical background to today’s generation to effectively introduce it to foreign tourists, consequently. The establishment of rural heritage museums can effectively indicate the cultural personality. Guilans’ rural heritage museum is a national plan and a pattern in setting up open-space museums. These museums’ can be an amalgamation of old rural and old structure, artistic works and objects, local food, play, game, and music that play an important role in changing the view toward rural culture among rural and urban visitors. The present study aims at exploring the role and effects of these museums on socio-cultural indicators. The method used is descriptive-analytic. The data reached have been classified by SPSS and through non-parametric test of Pearson, a meaningful “q” square was determined for socio-cultural indicators and related analyses. The survey done through field studies and questionnaires reveal that establishment of open-space museum like Guilan’s rural heritage museum is useful in different regains. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - The Survey of the Electoral Geography in Guilan
zahra pishgahi fard roghayeh sharifiIntroduction With the Islamic Revolution in Iran, people's participation in the political destiny of the country than was provided. In the election or selection of the various factions of the same process has to the election of the people involved. And during the MoreIntroduction With the Islamic Revolution in Iran, people's participation in the political destiny of the country than was provided. In the election or selection of the various factions of the same process has to the election of the people involved. And during the course of this election was different from area to area. In the Research took place about the subject parliamentary elections Geography in Iran, It was concluded that a dramatic change in the border provinces of the country is emerging. The political geography of the province in Iran was named as the divergent territories, In recent years a great demand to participate in national decision-making have shown, Indicate that the republicanism effective role in strengthening the identity - the former is national rather than local identity. Due to the elections in Iran so far no scientific study of the phenomenon gerrymandering in boundaries of electoral districts has been done. In this research, the electoral participation of the Gilan province than all country, the majority of people tend to have explained the country's political factions and finally, gerrymandering phenomenon has been studied in areas of the province's vote. Research Methodology This paper documents the methodology and approach to descriptive - analytical issues geography of the province's election has been analyzed. Thus the first eight courses in parliamentary elections during the province of Gilan Province and the Ministry were prepared. And the statistical tables and graphs of the type of political participation and representation of each the separate spheres and Gilan province in the form of graphs and GIS maps was drawn. * Responsible Author: Zfard@ut.ac.ir Results This paper examines the parliamentary electoral geography of Gilan province in elections in Iran is eight courses. In this research we examine the geographical and political significance as one of the border provinces of Gilan and marginal country landscape of the province to participate in parliamentary elections the country has been assessed; At the same time in the process of obtaining a formal representation to the ups and downs that have addressed the delegates on their way and political aspirations of the people in each electoral period of four main groups, namely the liberal right (the clergy), left (Clergymen) and has been independently assessed. Notably, of course, for certain considerations, to be divided into two sections: the first section of the first course to sixth, and the next stage of the sixth to eighth, both of which have their own characteristics. Finally, Gerrymandering phenomenon (the spatial organization of any party to provide specific benefits) has been studied in the areas of the province's area. Conclusion The survey results show that despite the province is located in the border country. But the turnout in all elections held after the province of the eight assembly elections; the country has been higher than average percentage of participation and this convergence of people in this province, Islamic Republic of Iran. Given the tendency of factional representatives in the province; Most of the activities during this period of eight parliamentary faction of the clergy (right) has had. The power of the clergy-wing (right) in advance of your goals too high and the probability that the next government in the province and power of the clergy of all parliamentary seats to be very high. As in all the eight Assembly seats in the parliamentary faction of the clergy in the province (right) was given. In examining changes in the boundaries of electoral districts (Gerrymandering), only one area in Astanehashrafieh during the Fifth Parliament has been discovered. But it appears that such changes have occurred in other areas. But due to weakness in the election of candidates from all areas of Interior Ministry, and the lack of accurate information to researchers, the phenomenon of Gerrymandering is very difficult to do. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - The OptimalLevel of ClassifiedofDevelopmentMethodsVillagesinGuilan
shahram AmirEntekhabiIdentifying various types of rural residences inGuilan and their categorizations serves as a base for rural development programs that can open ways to discover needs،capabilities، limitations and difficulties in villages and measure the level of development and deprivat MoreIdentifying various types of rural residences inGuilan and their categorizations serves as a base for rural development programs that can open ways to discover needs،capabilities، limitations and difficulties in villages and measure the level of development and deprivation in villages.Concerning physical and social-economic characteristics of Guilan villages، common models and methods for categorization of level of development cannot be easily used and followed.According to this،by classification of Guilan villages in terms of environmental and social-economic aspects and identification of the difficulties and capabilities of each group of villages at the natural level of their settlement (plain، foothill and mountain) and atthe level of official units (rural district and district), their development and privation level can be attained.In this research، by using and combining known scientific methodologies، we have tried to present an appropriate and optimum method for categorizing of villages and measuring the rate of their development. Relying on this method we have attempted to identify the main indexes of studying the rate of development or privation of Guilan villages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Measuring the Feasibility of Gathering Plain Village Types in order to Reach Sustainable Development in Guilan Province
eisa pourraamzan nasrollah molaeihashjinIntroduction Attending to the country's rural areas and providing services and facilities to activate rural units whether for the necessity of expanding activities especially in activates of the first part or for the correct arrangement of population stability i MoreIntroduction Attending to the country's rural areas and providing services and facilities to activate rural units whether for the necessity of expanding activities especially in activates of the first part or for the correct arrangement of population stability in different areas and for the optimal arrangement of rural spaces and finally for rural sustainable environment are inevitable. Gathering village types in Guilan plain area intends to change the villagers’ way of living from a dispersed condition to a semi dispersed one. It can be known as planning physical development of rural habitats and as a part of the process of rural development, it aims at directing the framework of village in a desirable way and allocating optimal spaces to various activities. In other words, Gathering village types is a type of planning to guide villagers and gain their participation in building settlements and the way they are built in the plain villages of Guilan Province. In fact, the strategy in question is not going to destroy or rebuild rural settlements. It, however, is going to plan for the future buildings in the villages leaving the present settlements intact and is going to reduce numerous problems and difficulties of villages in this area for gaining rural sustainable development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Rural service development planning of geography view (Case: study TOLAM district SOMESARA Township)
Seyede khadijeh rezatabe azgomi nasrollah molei hashjinIn this research, We accomplish the planning of rural Servical development from geography point of view in Tolam part of Somesara township. So, for answering to the main question of this research . we examin, Measure and recognize the effective element in service MoreIn this research, We accomplish the planning of rural Servical development from geography point of view in Tolam part of Somesara township. So, for answering to the main question of this research . we examin, Measure and recognize the effective element in service distribution due to receiving the best pattern. There is the deficit of service in district level especially in rural domain of Goorab. Distribution of services and their performance in district level is not pure. In the villages that are for from central System of village and under system of it, Especially in Goorab part (domain), the corner of easternnorth in Nokhale Akbari domain and eastern South in Lifshagard domain , There are the lack of services especially instructural services. On the other hand , the pattern of environmental servical distribution is not best in Tolam part. The local liables have most effect in determining the center of rural district . finally , the relationship between presentation of Services and the number of population Is very weak. - The proposed pattern for presentation services Is done according to environmental and geographical hierarchy. - So that Village in Small geographical division includes Small, very small, middle and large villages. In the larger division , rural System with central city of Tolam, is noticed as the largest geographical unit. The rural under System with centerality of Hendkhale and Tolam , and rural domains with centerality of Nokhale akhbari, Hendkhale, Nargestan in Henkhale, Lifshagrad, Tolam, Goorab in Lifshagard are located between these two units. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Analyzing the situation and the level of development of cities of the Guilan province in 1996 and 2011
nahid fallahian seyed mosa pourmosavi reza vaisi hassan rezapourGuilan province, inequality and lack of balance in the optimal distribution of resources and focus on facilities and services at the First City area (Rasht), imbalance and gaps in development between regions has caused. In this regard, the development target areas and i MoreGuilan province, inequality and lack of balance in the optimal distribution of resources and focus on facilities and services at the First City area (Rasht), imbalance and gaps in development between regions has caused. In this regard, the development target areas and identify the distribution of economic justice - social areas reduce regional disparities is essential. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the rank of metropolitan areas having the province in terms of development indicators and trend of development levels in the years 1375 to 1390 has done. The research method used in this study cross - the dominant approach, it is applied. To check the status of Guilan province gain and development of 40 indicators of economic, cultural, educational, health, housing and infrastructure, recreation and entertainment combined index is applied. Using factor analysis and Mauritius, the degree of development of each province is calculated and ranked. Then, using cluster analysis, urban areas in the province developed, semi-developed and is classified as disadvantaged. Another noteworthy Guilan province in 1996 due compare with 2011, an increase of inequality between the urban areas of the province. And finally calculated based on the regression model, the priority order of the indices to predict degrees of Guilan province in housing and infrastructure, recreational and entertainment services, economic factors, cultural services, education and health indicators are. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - The study and analysis of development of second homes in the rural area Case study: Khorgam sector of Roodbar Township
teymor amarRurul tourism could be the results of social – economical and cultural expansive changes ofter world war II; which expanded under the protection of factors such as communication ways improvement ; urbanisation devlopment; increasing time leisure , increasing MoreRurul tourism could be the results of social – economical and cultural expansive changes ofter world war II; which expanded under the protection of factors such as communication ways improvement ; urbanisation devlopment; increasing time leisure , increasing environmental pollution, and the level of life promotion . Second homes as one of this actions result; first of all prevaild in west and then in other part of the world. In our country also the mountainous territories around big cities and regiones which have good microclimatic conditions have observed this phenomenon formation. Moreover, in “Caspian sea” coast, although the presentation and expantion of second homes have been in coastal regiones , with filling these regione in one hand and making easy the access of mountainouse regiones on the other hand, has carried its development scape to this regione. This reaserch by doing library and scope studies , has discussed the dimenthons and procedures of second homes devlopment in one of rural regiones of “Guilan province” (Khorgam sector of Roodbar township). The result of studies showes that second homes devlopment in the region , generally is because of relative relations and reversed emigration (city to village ), and the improvement of communication sub-structure. Meanwhile, this phenomenon in these developmental procedures has been deprived of planning, control and management, and has increased mechanical andautomatically form. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - The study of water risis in Guilan province and the solutions
Parviz RezaeiOne of the must important elements in the comprehensivedevelopment in any region is undoubtedly the accessibility of the sweetwater. Guilan located in southern coasts of the Caspian Sea and in northerof Alborz receiving various moist sources, is one of the densely raine MoreOne of the must important elements in the comprehensivedevelopment in any region is undoubtedly the accessibility of the sweetwater. Guilan located in southern coasts of the Caspian Sea and in northerof Alborz receiving various moist sources, is one of the densely rainedareas in Iran. The presence of different rivers along with the height of thewater table has caused the growth of economic activities dependent onwater. So the abundant of water sources has stopped the officials to thinkof accessing new sources or adapting necessary measures and policies torationalize the use of water sources. Increasing growth of population, lackof adequate instruments for job creation, traditional methods of using watersources along with unplanned development of agricultured area havecaused different problems especially in recent years that precipitation wereinsufficient. This paper has tried to consider the role and place of thewaters sources in the future planning of the State. The research methods isbased on the descriptive statistical methods and analyze of the watersources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - The Process of Urbanization changes in Guilan Province
bahram karimi mohamad salmani seyed ali badri mohamadreza rezvani mojtaba ghadiri masoom Introduction *Corresponding Author: salmanim@voila.fr One of the characteristics of our age is urbanization, increasing of urban population and developing and growing of towns and cities. The third millennium has b More Introduction *Corresponding Author: salmanim@voila.fr One of the characteristics of our age is urbanization, increasing of urban population and developing and growing of towns and cities. The third millennium has been called urbanization age because urban population has increased from 29 million in 1800 to 2/8 billion in 2000. It is forecasted that urban population will be 3/3 billion in 2030, and 90 percent of this population will live in the third world cities. Urbanization in Gilan province has ever been less than its average in Iran but its urban system has been similar to the rest of Iran. Urban pyramid is unbalanced and unequal in Gilan, and the top of the pyramid is very narrow due to existence of big cities, and the base of the pyramid is very wide due to existence of many small towns.. Methodology This research based on studying in Guilan province is going to analyze urbanization dimensions and trends, the increase of city numbers through transformation of villages to towns, and primate city indexes in it. The type of research is applied and its method is descriptive-analytical. Required data has been collected through the results of public Censuses of Housing and Population from 1956 to 2006. Results The survey of population and urbanization in Guilan province shows that urban population were increasing from 1956 to 1986, and had a falling trend from 1986 to 1996; in all of these periods urban population growth rate was more than rural and total population growth rate but rural population was always more than urban population. In 2006, for the first time urban population has transcended to rural population. The increase of extent and ratio of urbanization has been due to increase of rural immigration and the transformation of villages to towns. During the late five decades, Guilan province has ever faced with increasing of city numbers. The average of population of villages transformed to towns is low. Grouping of cities shows that the cities with population between 10000 and100000 have increased from 1966 to 2006, but cities with population more than 100000 haven't changed so much. The survey of numbers and population of cities in different groups shows that small towns (less than 25000 populations) have had the least population and the most numbers in all periods of Censuses. Primate city indexes in Guilan indicate that urban system is unbalanced; it means that primate city degree and centralization are high there. The main reason for this centralization is the state's policies and modernization. Conclusion Surveys indicate urbanization level in Guilan province has increased and rural population ratio has decreased in five recent decades. Rasht city (the capital of the province) has had the most urban population; within the six periods of Censuses the average of its population has been 43/1 percent of urban population of Guilan province. This unbalanced population distribution in the province is because of unbalanced distribution of services and facilities there. So it is necessary to change or improve the population settlement and settling pattern in order to achieve development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - Analysis of the function of literacy movement at Cultural Development of Villagers of Guilan Province
عیسی پوررمضان محمد امیری میکالSince the formation of literacy movement for creating learning opportunity of adults till now significant improvement has been achieved in the direction of achieving considered aim. After 3 decades of activity of this organization regarding national experience and its i MoreSince the formation of literacy movement for creating learning opportunity of adults till now significant improvement has been achieved in the direction of achieving considered aim. After 3 decades of activity of this organization regarding national experience and its interaction with international experiences there is the necessity of reviewing and engineering again in most of products and methods that are being used. This paper that has been done with analytic- descriptive method, has considered the role of literacy movement at cultural development of village of Guilan province. The required data of this research has been gained through documentation-field method. It was completed in order to determine the function of literacy movement at cultural development of Guilan province that based on census in 2006 it had more literate people. The independent variable is seemed literary research and dependent variable is cultural development of villages that for making relationship 15 items were determined and analyzed. The result of consideration shows that literacy movement during its activity could make people literate at villages and villagers after being literate their level of information and culture has been promoted , on the one hand in the view of doing religious duties, reading Quran, benefiting prophetic saying , it has had positive and significant changes. Also they have been more successful at verbal and auditory interaction and became interested in using books and simple journals. Putting women out of isolation and entering them into social- political area is the effect and blessing of literacy. Especially they became more sensitive towards local, national phenomena, Islam's world and international phenomena. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Solutions of Mountain Tourism Development in Amlash Township by SWOT Analysis Model
تیمور آمار علی صفاری رادMountainous region is one of the most favorite destinations for tourists in the world. The lack of oppropriate planning from responsible organizations and lack of enough information regarding potentials of the rurals mountainous region by tourists and being reluctance f MoreMountainous region is one of the most favorite destinations for tourists in the world. The lack of oppropriate planning from responsible organizations and lack of enough information regarding potentials of the rurals mountainous region by tourists and being reluctance for investing from private sector in providing proper equipment for tourists in mountainous region cause lack of improvement in the tourism industry in this regions. The current research is done in one of the mountainous ranges of Guilan province to answer this question that what are the advantages and limitations of tourism development in amlash mountainous region and what ways to exsit for development of tourism mountainnous? According to this issue that recognition of power points, weakeness points, opportunity and threat and planning in order to removal limitations and improving benefits and creating economic and social in this area are the obvious goals of this research, so this research using survey method (descriptives – analytical) field studies and completing questionnaire by kind three statistical population (tourists, rural family (people), local managers) and determining power, weakness, opportunity points and threat in from of economic, social and cultural, nuthral and physical and basic factors with SWOT method collect strategies and short term, mid term and long term time programmes in order to planning to develop mountainous tourism in Amlash city. Studies and examinations show that accordingto power and weakness points and opportunity in region, threats and weaknesses rates is very high, too and the region in a view to developing tourism prospers a damageable level and it´s necessary to distribute and allocate renewed sources and true and reasonable planning in the region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Analysis of the underlying factors in the achievement level of implemented rural guide plans in the east of Guilan Province, Iran
noroaldin azimi nasrollah molaei hashjin alireza alizadehIntroduction With about 22 million inhabitants, rural areas of Iran contain 29% of the population in the country in 2011. During the past two decades, rural development policies of the government have aimed to improve the living conditions in rural areas. One o MoreIntroduction With about 22 million inhabitants, rural areas of Iran contain 29% of the population in the country in 2011. During the past two decades, rural development policies of the government have aimed to improve the living conditions in rural areas. One of these policies was the preparation and implementation of rural guide plans which mainly have tried to organize the physical development within the villages. Even though a great number of rural guide plans have been prepared over the past years, a small number of them have been put into action, mainly because of the shortage of financial resources. Also the success of implemented plans has not been the same within the villages. The main objective of this research is, therefore, to analyze the influencing factors in the success of executed rural guide plans in the east of Guilan Province, Iran. Research Methodology *Responsible Author: Azimi@guilan.ac.ir The research method utilized in this study is descriptive and analytic method. Most of the employed data comes from a field survey. Thirteen villages in which rural guide plans had been implemented were selected in the eastern part of Guilan province in the north of Iran to evaluate their achievement level in implementation process. These villages included Dehka, Dehshal, Espili, Golsefeed, Lialestan, Moridan, Mousa kellayeh, Peerkooh, Reza mahalle, Roud baneh, Shoveel, South Chof, Tool Lot Nine of the villages were located in the plain area and four in the mountainous area. 25 person in each village and a total of 325 residents were interviewed for this research. The selected villages were evaluated for the level of achievement for plan implementation for which 18 indicators used for the analysis. Pearson correlation analysis was used to find out the causal factors for the achievement level of selected villages for plan implementation. Results In the first part of this study, the selected villages were evaluated in terms of their achievements in the implementation of rural guide plans using 18 parameters. Based on this evaluation, the average achievement for 13 villages was 52.77%. Among the villages, three of them including Mousa kellayeh, Peerkooh and Espili with 77.3%, 72.2% and 65.6% respectively had the biggest achievement, three other villages including Shoveel, Roud baneh and Lialestan with 55.6%, 52.4% and 51.1% had around the average achievement while the remaining villages had below the average level. The least achievement was related to South Chof village with 38%. The second part of study analyzed the underlying factors for the achievement levels of selected villages for plan implementation. One of the main factors regarding the degree of achievement is distance from city centre and access to urban services. Despite our assumption that closer villages to city centers would have higher level of achievement, the Pearson correlation indicated that there is a significant positive relationship between distance and plan achievement level (R= 0.85). This means that the more distance between a village and the city centre, the more achievement level in plan implementation. The main reasons for this, perhaps, could be related to the lesser expectation and higher cooperation of the residents of remote villages compared with the closer villages to city centers. Another important factor considered for the plan achievement level was the geographical situation of the selected villages. As stated earlier, four of the villages were located in mountainous region, two in the foothills and the rest in plain area. A significant correlation of (R= 0.8) indicates that villages located in mountainous area have higher level of plan achievement. The reason for such relationship could be incorporated to the older physical structure of the buildings and the higher cooperation level of residents in these villages in comparison with the villages located in plain area. Another underlying factor for achievement level of plans is the time gap between preparation and implementation of the plan. Even though a correlation of (R= -0.43) does not indicate important relation between these variables, however, it shows a medium level inverse relationship between preparation and implementation time gap for the guide plan in a way that the less time gap between preparation and implementation of the plan, the more achievement level is for the plan From social perspectives, the most important factor in the achievement level of plans is public participation in the process of preparation and implementation of the plans. A significant relation of (R= 0.92) indicates how public participation matters in the achievement level of rural guide plans. All of the villages with higher achievement level had higher public participation level. Villagers' knowledge about the guide plan before implementation and the objectives of guide plan with (R= 0.78 and R= 0.72 respectively) were other important factors in the achievement level of plans. This means that if villagers know more about the plan and its objectives, probably, they might have more cooperation in the implementation process of guide plan. The last factors examined here was the size of the population. It appears that villages with medium or smaller size population have had a better achievement level. This could be related to the smaller amount of physical activities in smaller villages and the possibility of higher cooperation compared in them compared with larger villages. Conclusion This article analyzed the influencing factors in the success of the implementation of rural guide plans in the east of Guilan Province, Iran. The main findings of the research are: 1) the geographical location of villages and their distances from cities are found significantly correlated with the degree of the success of rural guide plans. 2) Villages located in the mountainous areas with medium size population and farther from cities seems have been more successful than those located in the plain areas, closer to cities and with bigger population. 3) The knowledge of rural residents from guide plans and their participations in the preparation and implementation of rural guide plans were other important factors in achievement level rural guide plan in the study area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - The Position of Geomorpholog Maps in Physical Development of Settlements of Astara County
Rafat ShahmariArdejaniMost of the settlements of Guilan province have certain natural constraints in physical development. In terms of geomorphology, these centers, in their physical development, have problems such as earthquakes, groundwater surface condition, forward and backward on t MoreMost of the settlements of Guilan province have certain natural constraints in physical development. In terms of geomorphology, these centers, in their physical development, have problems such as earthquakes, groundwater surface condition, forward and backward on the shores of the sea, flood, range of motion, etc. In many environmental management issues and land use, the most important and useful help of geomorphologist is displaying shapes and surface effects on the geomorphology maps, since the establishment and creation of settlements, above all, depend on normal conditions (geology, topographic, soils, hydrology, climate) and geographic location. Therefore, geomorphologic phenomena have a significant impact on the emergence, formation, distribution, and physical development of urban and rural settlements.This article is part of a research project under the same title (Preparing Geomorphologic Map of the West of Guilan with 1:25000 scale) which was conducted by the author in the West part of Guilan province; the results show that geomorphologic phenomena have an important role in the physical expansion of the settlements in the West of the province, some of which are the Caspian coastal sand dunes, steel wetlands (South West Astara), the Marine barracks around Choubar and Haviq, Global faults of Astara, and alluvial materials of Lavandevil, Choubar, and Haviq rivers, and range of processes, create some problems for the physical development of the settlements of the research area. Research method is based on form and process analysis on 1:25000 topographic maps, geology 1:100,000, aerial photographs, and, finally, at some stages of field visits, all the data on the land was evaluated. It is hoped that this work will provide a basis so that it would be possible to prepare these maps in broad national coverage for all the provinces, and give the report to the administrative organizations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Evaluation of factors affecting the development of second cultivation in the Shaft Township
تیمور آمار محمد باسط قرشی مینآباد صفیه باقری کودکانیEfficiency of an agricultural activity depends on the use of factors of production and utilization of existing infrastructure in increasing productivity. One of the methods for increasing productivity in agriculture is second cultivation. Second cultivation, the so-call MoreEfficiency of an agricultural activity depends on the use of factors of production and utilization of existing infrastructure in increasing productivity. One of the methods for increasing productivity in agriculture is second cultivation. Second cultivation, the so-called cultivated crops in the land after harvesting the first crop will be cultivated and exploited. Cultivation in the Guilan province with the so-called products of the land is cultivated paddy fields after rice harvest. This study deals second cultivation importance of rural household’s economy in the Shaft city (Guilan Province). In the study of current methods for collecting and processing information (documents and field) using and the role of second cultivation in agriculture, leading the livelihoods of rural areas were evaluated and solutions for existing problems is also presented. The results of this study showed that Shaft Township with 14,330 hectares of paddy and benefit from Infrastructures such as adequate water have appropriate conditions for the development of second cultivation. In addition, factors such as land leveling, human force and satisfaction of the production can appropriate support for increase efficiency this mode of production. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - Analysis of Management – policy Problems before tea industry in the Guilan Province
mohamadsadegh allahyari habibollah rezadost shaghayegh kheiri seyed ali noor hosseiniTo evaluate and identify the most import and managerial-policy issues and problems of tea industry in Guilan, a study was conducted in 2010. Delphi method was used in this study involved a total of 54 members (15 farmers, 12 factory owners, 11 businessmen and 16 experts MoreTo evaluate and identify the most import and managerial-policy issues and problems of tea industry in Guilan, a study was conducted in 2010. Delphi method was used in this study involved a total of 54 members (15 farmers, 12 factory owners, 11 businessmen and 16 experts).The results showed that issues such as wealth and power Mafia drummer imports smuggled tea, tea accumulate on of experience, lack of strict government control son production and trade of tea, the lack of stable and long-term strategy and policy in stability, Lack of management and planning in the manufacturing, industrial and commercial tea, the tea industry is looking at a system of government, to deal with problems of passive Tea, Unethical interference in local government authorities and push them to buy green tea, Weaknesses in the education sector ,promoting the country's tea industry and government neglect in the cultivation and breeding of tea gardens and tea gardens release due to wrong policies of reform initiatives Tea, a very important point for the tea product that had a failure with the tea industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - Spatial analysis of activities in Guilan province
eisa pourramzan reza mahdaviHuman should keep in mind to use territory as much as it's potential to prevent poverty and destruction of territory and also kind of use should be determined refer to territory potentials, economic and social needs. Spatial development of Guilan province (north of Iran MoreHuman should keep in mind to use territory as much as it's potential to prevent poverty and destruction of territory and also kind of use should be determined refer to territory potentials, economic and social needs. Spatial development of Guilan province (north of Iran) is representing policies and socioeconomic attitude of the society in the past decades that can be characterized with elemental metamorphism in shape and spatial organization. Spatial organization of Guilan province is ruling by arrangement and distribution of members of a set in space for application of all members. In spatial organization of Guilan, dots like: entrances, villages, cities, regions (industrial, agricultural and service regions) and cities, grids like: roads, channels, power transfer lines etc. and areas like: agricultural lands, forests, sea, rivers and lagoons are important. Finally configuration of spatial structure can be presents balanced, incidental, concentrated, hierarchy or conversely. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Solutions of rural tourism development in the mountain-side section of Guilan
روشن بابایی همتی نصراله مولائی هشجینIn this article is tried to consider tourism as a tool for the economic development and progress of villages for gain to the rural sustainable development. Meanwhile, rural sustainable development can be the encounter of these two subjects in spaces frame which create t MoreIn this article is tried to consider tourism as a tool for the economic development and progress of villages for gain to the rural sustainable development. Meanwhile, rural sustainable development can be the encounter of these two subjects in spaces frame which create the kinds of the rural tourism types. So farm, garden, historical, human and natural tourism can be factors for attracting tourists. Making the touristic identity for villages with regard to the applied aspect target, this article clarifies in the frame of the analytic and descriptive methodology. With the result that, the set of solutions that present in the mountain-side section of Guilan province, considering the rural tourism development discussions are expressed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - Nutrition geography a modern approach in eastern Guilan tourism
Akbar motamedimehr hossein mesdaghiIntroduction Tourism is among phenomena being transformed considerably with time as with many other sciences. Eastern Guilan geographic area receipts many tourists during different season of the year. In addition to natural attractions, various aspects of cultur MoreIntroduction Tourism is among phenomena being transformed considerably with time as with many other sciences. Eastern Guilan geographic area receipts many tourists during different season of the year. In addition to natural attractions, various aspects of cultural attractions in the area could be mentioned such as: traditional customs, local markets and specifically its nutritional culture. On one hand, nutritional habits in a society meet physiological requirements of the body; on the other hand, it's a cultural behavior. It may be logical if saying that foods recipe and processing methods is a way to transform regional nature to the culture of same place. Nutritional culture in eastern Guilan is in such a way that many play an influential role to attract more and more tourists, thus to development of the area. Research Methodology In present study, qualitative research technique was used. So that , questionnaires items were prepared initially by interviewing to clear-sighted figures and cultural honors, as well through field observations. Then using margin technique, sample population volume was defined up to 384. Next, questionnaires were completed randomly in tourism sites of Astane-Ashrafieh, Siahkal, Lahidjan, Langeroud, Amlash and Roudsar related figures were extracted using excel software, finally to test the hypothesis, since statistic population had qualitative variables, questions were ranking depending on qualities and amount and spearman scoring correlation coefficient from following equation was calculated for them: Ps =1- Where, d2 : deviations square in the scores, N: the number of question in static population nutritional geography in present study was considered as independent variable and tourism expansion and restoring the traditions and culture was considered as dependent variable in this study. Results Tourism will familiarize the person to geographic areas of other persons and cultures. It can be stated that culture is as a major attraction in tourism. Cultural differences between visitors and destination territory will double nutritional services attraction. Specifically if the food is served in a circumstance consistent to destination culture (decoration, light, music, etc). Nutritional geography in eastern Guilan has 5 unique characteristics: 1. Presence and wide variety of foods with vegetable origin. 2. Providing variants foods which in lowest time will be cooked and ready to meal. 3. Pharmaceutical properly in some of foods used in the area, 4. Eating food with opposing natures to prevent disease, 5. Geographic area elements such as local markets, regional nature, seasonal changes. Etc are important to select and cooking the foods in eastern Guilan. Local foods in eastern Guilan can be classified to three major groups: vegetative foods, meat foods and sea foods. Conclusion High percentage of tourists replied to the questions on local foods and its relationship to repeated journey, their motivation to trap, having pleasuring memory from eating local food in a suitable and reminiscent space along with specific hospitality of Guilan people with high percentage, it may be noted that local foods, due to being unique and providing from regional specific materials, show off and to survive versus non-local food patterns. It is considered as most prominent characteristic among tourists, nutritional geography is considered as independent variable and tourism development, tradition and culture restoring are considered as dependent variables in present study. Spearman scoring correlation coefficient was calculated equal to 0.917857 using excel according to question scoring, which represents direct and almost complete correlation between independent variable (nutritional geography)And dependent variables (tourism development) and traditions and nutritional culture restoration). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - Erosion management- river basin sediment step in developing ecotourism (case study river basins Shafaroudi)
rafat shahmariThe aim of this article is to identify and introduce the places, attractions and natural potenentiality due to attract echo tourists in the west of Guilan province in order to promote occupations and and development of this area by using of descriptive and analytical me MoreThe aim of this article is to identify and introduce the places, attractions and natural potenentiality due to attract echo tourists in the west of Guilan province in order to promote occupations and and development of this area by using of descriptive and analytical method, library studies, and filed observation based upon the maps of topography 1:50000 geology and 1:100000 and air maps and satellite pictures has been done. One of the tourism forms which is developed in recent century is the echo tourism. Because of being the beautiful natural landscapes (Alborz and Talesh mountains, thick mantle of vegetation, Caspian sea, Anzali Talab and etc …), about sixty five percent of tourists in the national scale and regional area travel to Guilan province. This basin has stretched about 3600 hektares. It is a mountainous area with an average sea level about 1500 m having cold and mild climate with high humidity and an annually rainfall about 1400 mm. The study results showed that because of the mechanism of elements and process of inside and outside of landscape beauties such as the too steep cliffs (around Genzakhavarr, khilga …), plenty of springs (Arde, Zendanesh and etc…), deep valleys covered with thick vegetation (around Barzakhou and Sadarasar …) mountainous waterfalls along the rivers (Miyanrood, Pargam, Khijadara…), concave and convex mountain slopes coverd with plant vegetation and pasture land (Shafarood, Beren, Dashtdaman…), high mountains and rather high mountain (1000 – 2700 m) and the country side areas (Arde, vaske, Dashtdaman, Zendaneh, Beren), the thick forest with rare species of plants (Rashestanhay – e - Lamir) and interesting and pleasure views of countryside (Roshandeh, Almas, ardah, Zendaneh and Dashtdaman), the mild summer and snowy winter, altogether have provided fascinating scenes for tourists particularly for echo tourists. Apart from natural potentiality, locating the areas of this basin along the Sento (Fuman – Miyaneh) the being connection route of Anzali – Astara from the end of basin as the man made made features can increase the potentiality of this territory being studies to attract the enough tourists. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - Role of Local Periodic Markets in Economic and Social Development of Villages of Guilan Province
seyed hassan Motiee Langeroudi mojtaba Ghadiri Masoom mohamadreza Rezvani aeezh AzmiIntroduction Local periodic markets are places that villagers and farmers go there for selling crops. Therefore these markets have an important role in local development. Thus each transformation in these markets effects on villagers and farmers. Aim of this inv MoreIntroduction Local periodic markets are places that villagers and farmers go there for selling crops. Therefore these markets have an important role in local development. Thus each transformation in these markets effects on villagers and farmers. Aim of this investigation is study of the local periodic markets and its role in local development. The local periodic markets have important role in rural economic in Guilan province and therefore each change and evolution in this markets effect on rural economic and society. Therefore, solution of these problems must be principle priority in region planning. This investigation study that how these problems resolve. Therefore there are some problems that may study: 1.What are economic dimensions of the local periodic markets in rural development? 2.What are cultural and social dimensions of the local periodic markets in rural development? 3.What is effective component in economic and cultural and social dimensions of the local periodic markets in rural development? Research Methodology This investigation does in 9 cities in Guilan province they have local periodic markets. Statistical population includes half of total society that includes 300 sellers. Sampling method for this selection was stratified sampling. A systematic random sampling method was used to select the samples from among the sellers in each city. Reliability was calculated by Cronbach’s alfa. Validity was studied by in geographical and agricultural experts. Data was calculated by SPSS software and investigators used from per cent, mean, C.V and factor analysis for analyzing data. With regard to the study area, the study was conducted in Guilan province in Iran; Guilan is located at 36’ and 34” to 38’ and 27” northern latitude and 48’ and 53” to 50’ and 34” eastern longitude from the Greenwich meridian.Guilan is one of the northern provinces of Iran that its extent is 14711 km. It is about 9% of Iran extent. This province lies along the Caspian Sea, just west of the province of Mazandaran, east of the province of Ardabil, north of the provinces of Zanjan and Qazvin. The center of the province is the city of Rasht. Results Results say that economic dimension is equal 2.60 that it shows that the local periodic markets have economic effects on rural development. But cultural and social dimension is equal 3.25 that it shows that local periodic markets do not have effect on rural development. In economic dimension, there are 3 components that effect on rural development (71.025 of total), and in cultural and social dimension, there are 2 components that effect on rural development (67.35 of total). Conclusion This paper mentions that the local periodic markets have important role in rural development. In social and cultural dimension, they effect on villagers’ social situation, help to women empowerment, increase interaction between cities and villages and identify local traditions to visitors. In economic dimension, the local periodic markets produce jobs, income, decrease poverty and help to crop sale. In sellers’ motivating dimension, the sellers like their work but jobs, money and employment are important reasons for working in the market. The researchers show that there are some components in the local periodic markets that effect on rural development. In economic dimension, these factors include: production and marketing factor, income factor, and occupation factor. In social and cultural dimension, these factors include: rural and urban interaction and income factor. And in sellers’ motivating dimension, these factors include: professional factor, families’ factor, money factor and shopping factor. For the local periodic markets, the researchers have some recommendations that include: 1.it is essential that government intervene in the local periodic markets for to help the sellers; 2.the sellers are almost poor and government should protect them by credit, loam and insurance, and 3.The local periodic markets are Iranian cultural heritage that must protect. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Approaches to Development the Tourism Industry in Guilan Province
mehrdad godarzvand chegini nasrollah molaei hashjinTourism plays an important role in the economy of the societies. Recognizing the accurate and deep dimensions of various tourism attractions is the key factor to the improvement of the tourism market. Tourism industry, within the last decades, has grown up with an incre MoreTourism plays an important role in the economy of the societies. Recognizing the accurate and deep dimensions of various tourism attractions is the key factor to the improvement of the tourism market. Tourism industry, within the last decades, has grown up with an increasing growth rate, and is a considerable source of income for a number of both developed and developing countries. Based on this, the following research is performed through a survey method. The population under study included managers and administrative decision makers in economic, social and cultural sectors connected to the tourism industry in Guilan which is characterized through cluster sampling. The measure to evaluate the face validity of the expert opinion in the tourism industry was a questionnaire. To delineate the reliability factor, a Cronbach Alpha coefficient was used. A coefficient of 871% is indicative of high reliability and capacity of the measure. Then, the data collected were analyzed by applying the SPSS software. One of the major findings of the research is that the ecotourism can be used as the main effective approach to improve and develop the industry with regard to the cultural and social situations in the country. Among the geographical attractions, the sea and its coasts have had the highest influence in attracting the tourists to Guilan province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - بررسی آزمایشگاهی تاثیر برخی قارچ کشها و عصاره چای روی Pestalotia sp. وColletotrichum sp. ، عوامل لکه برگی و آنتراکنوز آزالیا
Mahsa Moshayedi Hadi Rahanandeh Alireza Hamzehاثر پنج قارچ کش و عصاره برگ تازه چای در برابر لکه برگی و آنتراکنوز آزالیا در طول فصل تابستان 1394 در آزمایشگاه دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه آزاد واحد رشت مورد آزمایش قرار گرفت. قارچ کش ها در غلظت های 1000، 2000 و 3000 پی پی ام تهیه و به منظور تعیین درصد بازدارندگی از رشد عوا Moreاثر پنج قارچ کش و عصاره برگ تازه چای در برابر لکه برگی و آنتراکنوز آزالیا در طول فصل تابستان 1394 در آزمایشگاه دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه آزاد واحد رشت مورد آزمایش قرار گرفت. قارچ کش ها در غلظت های 1000، 2000 و 3000 پی پی ام تهیه و به منظور تعیین درصد بازدارندگی از رشد عوامل بیماری زا به کار برده شدند. اثر قارچ کش های مختلف Bavistin 50WP، Dithane M-45، Aliette، Benlate 50 WP و Topsin M 70 WP روی قارچ Pestalotia کاهش قابل توجهی در رشد پرگنه در مقایسه با شاهد به ترتیب با 5/0، 5/0، 5/0 ، 38/3 و 56/2 میلی متر و شاهد 0/88 میلی متر در دوز تجاری توصیه شده 2000 پی پی ام داشت. قارچ کش های فوق کاهش قابل توجهی در رشد پرگنه Colletotrichum داشتند و در هر سه غلظت هیچ رشدی در مقابل سه قارچ کش Mancozeb ،Thiophanate-methyl وFosetyl aluminum مشاهده نشد. با این حال حساسیت قابل توجهی در پاتوژن های جدا شده به قارچ کش های مختلف وجود داشت. غلظت های مختلف عصاره برگ تازه چای مورد استفاده، برای کنترل عوامل بیماری زا فوق هیچ کدام قادر به جلوگیری از رشد کلنی قارچ ها در سطح آزمایشگاه نبودند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - اولین گزارش Fusarium oxysporum عامل پوسیدگی ریشه و طوقه Thuja plicata در ایران
هادی رهانندهتویا از گیاهان زینتی متعلق به رده مخروطیان و راسته Cupressales هست. درختان سوزنی برگ به دلایل کاربردی و رشد سریع همواره به عنوان ایجاد کننده فضای سبز شهری در جهت ارزش های زیست محیطی حائز اهمیت هستند. بیماری سرخشکیدگی تویا در سال های اخیر خسارت های جبران ناپذیری را به فض Moreتویا از گیاهان زینتی متعلق به رده مخروطیان و راسته Cupressales هست. درختان سوزنی برگ به دلایل کاربردی و رشد سریع همواره به عنوان ایجاد کننده فضای سبز شهری در جهت ارزش های زیست محیطی حائز اهمیت هستند. بیماری سرخشکیدگی تویا در سال های اخیر خسارت های جبران ناپذیری را به فضای سبز شهری وارد کرده است و علائم آن به صورت ضعف، خشکیدگی شاخه ها ظهور پیدا می کند که در نهایت موجب مرگ درخت می شود. این تحقیق به منظور بررسی علل خشکیدگی ریشه و طوقه تویا (Thuja plicata) در غرب استان گیلان، طی سالهای 2022-2021 اجرا گردید. در این بررسی نمونه برداریهایی از مناطق غربی استان گیلان صورت گرفت. ازقسمت های آلودهی ریشه و طوقه 40 نمونه گرفته شد. پس از کشت قطعات آلوده روی محیطهای کشت در این بررسی پنج جدایه قارچی جدا شد، اﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺯﺍﺋﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﺭچ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻧﻬﺎﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻟﻪ گﻠﺪﺍﻧﻲ ﻭﺧﺰﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ تویا ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺭﺳﻴﺪ. از پنج جدایه دو جدایه پژمردگی و پوسیدگی ریشه و خشک شدن نوک برگها با شدت یکسان بیماریزایی نشان دادند. این دو جدایه از لحاظ شکل پرگنه مشابه بودند، که تنها روی یک جدایه ادامه کارهای آزمایشگاهی انجام شد. از محیط کشت های مختلف و روش مولکولی برای شناسایی این قارچ استفاده شد. بر اساس کلید شناسایی و روش مولکولی قارچ عامل بیماری F. oxysporum شناسایی شد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - امکان سنجی تجمیع تیپ روستاهای جلگه ای به منظور توسعه پایدار در استان گیلان، ایران
نصرالله مولایی هشجین عیسی پوررمضانتجمیع تیپ روستاهای جلگه­ای نوعی برنامه­ریزی برای توسعه کالبدی سکونتگاه­های روستایی جهت تغییر شیوه زندگی ساکنان از حالت پراکنده، به نیمه پراکنده است. این تغییر مسائل و مشکلات روستاها را کاهش می­دهد. همچنین تجمیع تیپ روستاها روشی متعادل برای استفاده از منا Moreتجمیع تیپ روستاهای جلگه­ای نوعی برنامه­ریزی برای توسعه کالبدی سکونتگاه­های روستایی جهت تغییر شیوه زندگی ساکنان از حالت پراکنده، به نیمه پراکنده است. این تغییر مسائل و مشکلات روستاها را کاهش می­دهد. همچنین تجمیع تیپ روستاها روشی متعادل برای استفاده از منابع و تسهیلات به منظور سازماندهی فضایی مناسب برای سکونت روستاییان در نواحی روستایی است که شرایط مناسب برای توسعه الگوی جدید سکونتگاه­ها را فراهم می­کند. نتایج این مطالعه نشان می­دهد که کارشناسان با تجمیع تیپ روستاهای جلگه­ای استان گیلان که نقش مهمی در حل مسائل و مشکلات روستاها دارد موافق بوده­اند. همچنین بهره برداری متعادل از فضا و رسیدن به توسعه پایدار روستایی نیز از اثرات دیگر این طرح می­باشد. سطح پایین اطلاعات، فرهنگ غالب، موانع فرهنگی و فقدان قوانین شفاف در این حوضه از جمله موانع اصلی اجرای این طرح در کوتاه مدت است. با در نظر گرفتن محدودیت­های فوق، فرآیند تجمیع تیپ روستاهای جلگه­ای، نیازمند حمایت­های دولتی، بکارگیری متخصصین برنامه­ریزی توسعه روستایی و همچنین مشارکت روستاییان است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - تأثیر افزایش قیمت برق بر رفاه بخش خانگی مناطق روستایی استان گیلان
حسین صالحی Esfandiar Doshman Ziari Mohammad Sadegh Ziaeiبه منظور بررسی اثر افزایش قیمت برق در بخش خانگی بر رفاه خانوارهای روستایی استان گیلان با استفاده از سیستم تقاضای تقریبا ایده­آل؛ کشش­ها و تغییرات رفاهی ناشی از افزایش 50 درصدی و افزایش 100 درصدی قیمت برق خانگی و افزایش تدریجی قیمت برق خانگی در چهار سال (هر سال ا Moreبه منظور بررسی اثر افزایش قیمت برق در بخش خانگی بر رفاه خانوارهای روستایی استان گیلان با استفاده از سیستم تقاضای تقریبا ایده­آل؛ کشش­ها و تغییرات رفاهی ناشی از افزایش 50 درصدی و افزایش 100 درصدی قیمت برق خانگی و افزایش تدریجی قیمت برق خانگی در چهار سال (هر سال افزایش 25 درصدی) با استفاده از دو معیار تغییرات جبرانی و تغییرات معادل طی دوره زمانی 91-1370 محاسبه شده­است. نتایج نشان می­دهد قدر مطلق کشش درآمدی و قیمتی برق کوچک­تر از واحد بوده­است. پایین­بودن کشش قیمتی تقاضا از طرفی نشان­دهنده تأثیر جزئی تغییرات قیمت بر روی تقاضای برق در دوره مورد بررسی بوده و از طرف دیگر بیان­گر عدم وجود جانشین مناسب برای برق در بخش خانگی می­باشد.محاسبات تغییرات رفاهی و مقایسه­ی آنها با سهم برق از یارانه­ی پرداختی، نشان میدهد که با افزایش 50 و 100 درصدی قیمت برق خانگی پول پرداختی به خانوار کمتر از میزان مبلغ به­دست آمده­است و می­توان گفت که اثر مستقیم واقعی­کردن قیمت برق خانگی (افزایش قیمت) جبران نشده­است. در واقع میزان رفاهی که خانوار در اثر افزایش قیمت برق از دست داده­است بیش­تر از رفاهی است که به­دست آورده­است و لذا خانوارها متضرر شده­اند. اما در مورد سناریوی افزایش تدریجی قیمت، مبلغ CV به­دست­آمده کمتر از میزان دریافتی خانوار بوده و به این دلیل در واقع تنها با اعمال این سیاست قیمتی است که خانوار متضرر نشده و رفاه آن افزایش یافته­است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - fff
mohammad ali dadashi Vahid Khasheii -
Open Access Article
90 - A Strategic Model for the Development of Medical Tourism with an Emphasis on the Co_Creation of the Organization Value and the Customer: The Case of Guilan Province
Maryam HassanzadehCreating shared value is a sort of marketing strategy that emphasizes the creation and recognition of shared values of a company and customers. The present research aims to present a strategic paradigm for the development of medical tourism with an emphasis on value syn MoreCreating shared value is a sort of marketing strategy that emphasizes the creation and recognition of shared values of a company and customers. The present research aims to present a strategic paradigm for the development of medical tourism with an emphasis on value synergy in Guilan province. The research was conducted in a mixed-methods design. The statistical population was composed of medical tourism experts and medical tourists of Guilan province in the qualitative phase and the hospital presidents and medical tourists in the quantitative phase. The sample in the qualitative phase (16 individuals) was taken by the purposive sampling technique. In the quantitative phase, it was composed of 50 hospitals taken by the consensus technique. Data were collected by semi-structured interviews in the qualitative phase and by a questionnaire in the quantitative phase. The qualitative data were analyzed by grounded theory, but the structural equation method was employed for the analysis of the quantitative data using the PLS software package. The dimensions of the model were derived in the qualitative phase. They include the strategies of organization value co-creation and medical tourism potentials, customer value co-creation, and co-creation behavior. Then, the model was tested in the quantitative phase and was supported. Organizational value co-creation plays a key role in developing an optimal image in tourists. Tourism potentials with the dimensions of culture creation, the potential of developing medical services, human resources management, and communication capability are important for the formation of co-creation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - Nutritional Management of Broiler Rearing Farms in Guilan, Iran
Hossein Zaker Esteghamati Sayed Abdoullah Hosseini Hamid Reza Mohamadian Tabrizi Mohamad Hossein Palizdar Amir MeimandipourFrom a total of 656 broiler farms with the permission of exploitation in Guilan province, data was gathered from 20% of active farms including 85 units (Capacity of over 1663000 portions of broiler chickens) to evaluate the management of nutrition and nourish using ques MoreFrom a total of 656 broiler farms with the permission of exploitation in Guilan province, data was gathered from 20% of active farms including 85 units (Capacity of over 1663000 portions of broiler chickens) to evaluate the management of nutrition and nourish using questionnaire. The questionnaires were completed by the interview method. The methods of making feed, feed formulation, the shape of grain, the frequency of feeding, the type of dietary supplement and food additives, the use of experts, feed conversion ratio, causes of mortality, the age of mortality, drinking and feeding systems, and how to use fine nourishing (in the shape of supplement or concentrate) were considered in this study. The performance was calculated for each broiler farm. According to the production index, the farms were divided into three groups of weak (200+25), medium (250+25), and good (300+25) and their differences were compared. According to the results, among the managerial factors, the factors such as: feeding system, water quality, the conformity of ration in nutrition with the needs of commercial strains and drinking management, have the most portion in creating the three groups of good, medium and weak, among the broiler rearing farms. Thus, in the study of each group’s feeding system, the good group has the highest percentage of using automatic systems (86/60) and the weak group has the highest percentage of using manual systems. In comparing three groups regarding the drinking water quality, it was observed that good, medium and weak groups drink 92%, 61.84%, and 75% fresh water, respectively. Furthermore, in the weak group, most of the farms have used the water with tolerable hardness or saltiness. Finally, the conformity of strain’s requirement with diet was examined among groups. The results showed that 16.5% of units followed this conformity and the percentages of the good, medium, weak groups was 11.12%, 28%, 53.5%, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - Evaluation of Tourism Industry Development Strategies Factors in Guilan Province
Fatholah Keshavarz Shal Parviz Rajabi KolvaniIran due to its unique condition in terms of tourist attraction and because of the specific location and a variety of natural resources and human Phenomena, that different regions of the country including Guilan province has a typical position in terms of tourism which MoreIran due to its unique condition in terms of tourist attraction and because of the specific location and a variety of natural resources and human Phenomena, that different regions of the country including Guilan province has a typical position in terms of tourism which attracts a lot of tourists. By itself, ecological, environmental, cultural, historical and religious attraction in the north, we will see more development in the tourism industry by formulating and scientific solutions and preservation of cultural values and the environment. In this research, a descriptive– analytical approach has been taken in order to achieve mentioned goals. Also major sources of tourism are identified by field and library (Book, Magazines, Relevant document) study and with SWOT pattern, strengths, weakness, threats and opportunities will be specified and analyzed. The present research with fundamental question that whether tourism development reduces the effects of economic sanctions? Based on this assumption that, the development of tourism can reduce the effects of economic sanctions and we can use tourism industry as a means to deal with economic sanctions and create employment opportunities, distribution of income, foreign exchange increase, reducing migration, raising the living standard, regional balancing, transferring value to unprivileged area, development of rural and urban communities and the cultural and ethnic unity for the attainment of national unity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - Sustainable Management of Saravan Sylvan Park Using Stochastic Dynamic Programming
Somayeh Shirzadi Mahmood Sabouhi Reza Esfanjari KenariThe present study sustainable management of Guilan Saravan Sylvan Park was planned. The used method in the form of decision support model in three10-year period was studied for parks of various states and with considering the economic, ecological and social criteria dur MoreThe present study sustainable management of Guilan Saravan Sylvan Park was planned. The used method in the form of decision support model in three10-year period was studied for parks of various states and with considering the economic, ecological and social criteria during the years 2008 to 2038. By using hierarchical fuzzy analysis method, the reaching to an optimal level of economic, ecological and social simultaneously and as their combined utility values in various periods, decisions and different states of park is obtained. The results showed that in order to reach to an optimal level of purposes simultaneously, at the beginning of the first 10-year period implementation of ecological decision, at the beginning of the second 10 years period in three considered states for the Sylvan Park implementation of social, ecological and ecological decisions give the most combined utility value of purposes respectively. Results of stochastic dynamic programming showed that implementing the ecological decisions at the beginning of the first 10-year period, implementing the ecological decision by considering the second designed state of park at the beginning of the second 10-year period, and by applying the first designed state of park at the beginning of third 10-year-old period, the implementation of social decisions is desirable to achieve sustainable management in Saravan Sylvan Park. According to the findings, the implementation of these determined decisions can be useful and maximum of desirable use from Park potentials in the economic, social - recreational and conservation and sustainability of indigenous species problems, and reposit the park to the next generation with the best condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - The Relationship between Organizational Intelligence and Organizational Effectiveness in Public Libraries of Guilan Province from Librarian`s Viewpoint
Roghayyeh Najafikhah Esmat MomeniObjective: The aim of this research is to investigate the impact of organizational intelligence on organizational effectiveness, and also to identify the situation of the aforementioned variables in public libraries of Guilan province under the authority of Iran public MoreObjective: The aim of this research is to investigate the impact of organizational intelligence on organizational effectiveness, and also to identify the situation of the aforementioned variables in public libraries of Guilan province under the authority of Iran public libraries foundation. Methods: This study was an applied one, using the descriptive survey research and correlation method. Data gathering was done by 2 questionnaires of Karl Albrecht organizational intelligence and Parsons organizational effectiveness. The research population are all employees of the public libraries of Guilan province that are 162 people that 118 of them were selected as the sample size. Data Analysis was done by indicators of descriptive statistics and statistical calculations were carried out by SPSS. Results: The findings show that positive and significant relationship exists between organizational intelligence and it`s components with effectiveness and dimensions. the organizational intelligence of librarian and it`s components is more than the mean. The result of effectiveness shows that except of the latency component that is less than the mean but other components are more than the mean. Conclusion: The findings indicate that organizational intelligence impacts on success and effectiveness of the library. Equal attention to all organizational intelligence elements and organizational effectiveness and organized and coordinated efforts in order to solve work problems, increases salaries, provide facilities and encouragement programs, create satisfying reward system to raise librarian growth and finally will lead to increase in effectiveness in libraries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - A Survey on Key Factors of Success in Implementation of Knowledge Management in Public Libraries of Guilan Province
Seyed Ali Asghar Razavi hamidreza tamadonObjective: This study was conducted to identify the key success factors in implementing knowledge management in public libraries of Guilan province. Method: The present research is applied in terms of purpose and survey in terms of data collection method and data analys MoreObjective: This study was conducted to identify the key success factors in implementing knowledge management in public libraries of Guilan province. Method: The present research is applied in terms of purpose and survey in terms of data collection method and data analysis. The statistical population of the study includes all librarians of public libraries in Gilan province, 189 people, which based on simple random sampling using Morgan table, the statistical volume was 123 people. Data collection was done through a researcher-made questionnaire. To evaluate the reliability of the questionnaire by calculating Cronbach's alpha through S software SPSS. Its reliability was determined to be 95, which indicates the high validity of the questionnaire. Results: The results showed that information systems infrastructure with an average of 4.15 is the highest factor for success and knowledge-based orientation with an average of 3.84 is the lowest factor in the success of knowledge management implementation in public libraries. Guilan province in terms of respondents. Conclusion: The most important component in the implementation of knowledge management in Guilan public libraries from the respondents' point of view is the component of information systems infrastructure, giving importance to information technology capabilities, access of staff and librarians to databases, cooperation between libraries in the form of research projects. Establishing virtual group discussion mechanisms and creating user-friendly electronic systems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - Developmental study of chemical composition of Centella asiatica (L) Urban as a medicinal plant
علی مازوجی فهیمه سلیم پور لیلا شفیعی دستجردیCentella asiatica from Apiaceae family has 40 species in all over the world. It has Creeping herb, rooting at the nodes. Stems shallowly grooved, sometimes purplish. Leaves solitary or in groups of 2-5, kidney-shaped to almost circular, distinctly and broadly cordate at MoreCentella asiatica from Apiaceae family has 40 species in all over the world. It has Creeping herb, rooting at the nodes. Stems shallowly grooved, sometimes purplish. Leaves solitary or in groups of 2-5, kidney-shaped to almost circular, distinctly and broadly cordate at the base, up to 7 cm wide, hairless or with hairs on the petiole; margin crenate. Flowers in 2-8-flowered umbels, greenish-white to dark crimson. Fruit c. 3.5 × 3 mm, laterally flattened, round or ellipsoid, ribbed, brown when ripe.This species has medicinal properties for example, wound healing, Antioxidant, memory enhancement, Anti diabetic and so on. C. asiatica is distributed in Guilan province and plant materials are collected from three different stages of growth and development including beginning of growth, flowering and fruiting phase, and end of growth phase. The results are shown that essential oil yield was 0/16% (V/M) and 54 volatile compounds comprising 92.78% of total oil constituents were identified from C. asiatica. Sesquiterpenoids were the major class of volatile chemical (45/33%), with Germaerene-D as the predominant compound. (45.43%). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - Design a Risk Allocation Model for Construction Projects (EPC) for investment asset in public sector. (Case study: Guilan water and sewage industry).
bahman rasouli sina kheradyar bahman banimahdConstruction projects in Guilan Water and sewerage has high levels of risk due to their complex and dynamic environment. There are no suitable risk allocation models for Guilan construction industry based on article 23 processing budget and planning law 1352 clause abou MoreConstruction projects in Guilan Water and sewerage has high levels of risk due to their complex and dynamic environment. There are no suitable risk allocation models for Guilan construction industry based on article 23 processing budget and planning law 1352 clause about (EPC).There is the cost of project and plan for design risk allocation model. This work endeavors to propose and apply a Risk Allocation Model (RAM), based on a simple mechanism for allocating critical risks to the responsible party in the project. In addition, the RAM aims to compare among projects, which is more risky. The construction of RAM is based on Delphi method for 41 risk factors, over 10 groups, are identified and used in the model development. All factors are analyzed and weighted by deploying Weighted Risk Factor (WRF) which combines the effect of a risk factor probability and its effect on time and cost. The model results identified the most important risk factors to be allocated to owner, contractor or shared between them, as well as the suitable risk action for each factor. The model is applied on a real case study through two construction projects in Guilan to test the validation. A complete comparison between the two projects is presented and a decision is introduced for contractor. The results emphasized that the model is easy to understand and use by the parties involved in construction projects. Further, it is flexibility in the event of variables. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - Analysis of the Effects of Hazelnut Cultivation in Rural Development of Guilan Province (Case study of Amlash County)
Eisa Pourramzan -
Open Access Article
99 - Morphological and Taxonomical Study of Macrobrachium nipponense (De Haan, 1849) in Siyahdarvishan River, Guilan Province
مرجان تحقیقی شاهرخ پاشایی راد نسیم هزاوه حمید علاف نویریان هدیه تحقیقیIn order to find out possible population differentiations of shrimps in Guilan province, a survey was conducted from Jan. to Apr. 2012 in the three stations of Siyahdarvishan River. 813 specimens were collected for the first time. According to Salman etal. (2006) specie MoreIn order to find out possible population differentiations of shrimps in Guilan province, a survey was conducted from Jan. to Apr. 2012 in the three stations of Siyahdarvishan River. 813 specimens were collected for the first time. According to Salman etal. (2006) species description, the specimens were identified as Macrobrachium nipponense and they were confirmed by Oxford University Museum of Natural History in the United Kingdom. Results showed that number of eggs varied from 501 to 3578, Sex ratio of male to female was 1 to 1.4, the number of ventral rostral teeth in males and females were from 0 to 6, and dorsal rostral teeth were 8 to 18 in females and in males were 10 to 18. It seems that habitat differences, geographical and ecological situation are the reason for these results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - Rhetorical Phonetics of Figures of Speech in Gilchin Guilani's Poetry
Ali Akbar Shubkalaee Ebrahim ebrahimtabar Mohammad Firoozi BandpayAbstract Persian poetry, In its contemporary period, by focusing on structural formalistic elements, in numerous dimensions and on the way of innovation, has appeared and tries to modify itself. One of the branches of this change an MoreAbstract Persian poetry, In its contemporary period, by focusing on structural formalistic elements, in numerous dimensions and on the way of innovation, has appeared and tries to modify itself. One of the branches of this change and rebirth is disputable in the formalistic theory. Rule increment, addition of rules on the present grammar in the daily language such as rhythm, row, pun, versification, inlay, phoneme, repetition and other literal arrays which are added to the present language have had significant impact on its evolution. In this article, we are to investigate Golchin Guilani's poetry in a formalistic way. The findings show that the poet , through rule increment, has added the musical value and structural coherence and has changed his stanzas to artistic phenomena. Using the present row, repetition, different types of versification, pun and phenomenal morpheme are the most important kinds of rule increment of Golchin's anthology in poetry which have considerably increased its melody. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - Investigation on diet preference of Salmo trutta fario in Shafarud River (Guilan Province)
Seyyed Mohammad Salavatian Keyvan Abbasi Akbar Pourgholami Hamid Abdollahpour BiriyaSalmo trutta fario is vulnerable population belong to Caspian brown trout and the fish exists in upstream areas of most Iranian rivers at southern Caspian sea basin and it has a relatively suitable density in Shafarud River. The fish was caught with electro-shocker, Cas MoreSalmo trutta fario is vulnerable population belong to Caspian brown trout and the fish exists in upstream areas of most Iranian rivers at southern Caspian sea basin and it has a relatively suitable density in Shafarud River. The fish was caught with electro-shocker, Cast-net and lines from winter 2009 to autumn 2010 and the aim was more information on the fish, biology. Body weight was measured in studied fish specimens 7.54-78.4 (26.54±14.7) g, total length 89-192 (128.43±21.8) mm and age was 0+ - 4+ (2.15±0.8) years old, too. The relative length average of gut was measured 0.85±0.10, gastero-somatic index 6.08±3.5, intensity of food, 195.45±157.4 and coefficient of vacuity was 0 (Zero), too. The fish has fed on 31 families belong to 14 invertebrate orders in Shafarud River consist of Oligochaet vorms (Lumbricidae and Lumbriculidae), Isopoda (Asellidae), Hydroacrina (Hygrobatidae), Myriapoda, Coleoptera (Dytiscidae and Elmidae), Diptera (Blephariceridae, Chironomidae, Empididae, Simuliidae, Stratiomyidae, Tabanidae and Tipulidae), Ephemeroptera (Baetidae, Ephemeridae and Heptagenidae), Hymenoptera (Formicidae), Megaloptera (Sialidae), Odonata (Agrionidae), Plecoptera (Leucteridae, Nemouridae, Taeniopterygidae and Perlidae), Trichoptera (Hydropsychidae, Lepidostomatidae, Limnephilidae, Philopotamidae and Rhyacophilidae) and Hemiptera and thus the fish is a euryphagous and carnivore species in studied area. Study on food preference or frequency of observance of food items in alimentary tract of studied fish showed Diptera and Ephemeroptera orders are main food items in winter, Diptera, Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera orders in spring, Diptera, Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera, Plecoptera and Hymenoptera orders in summer and Diptera and Ephemeroptera orders in autumn, too. These changes took place in different fish ages, too. In general, Diptera (97.9%), Ephemeroptera (83.3%), Plecoptera (52.1%) and Trichoptera (52.1%) were main food for the studied fish in Shafarud River and other orders were secondary or accidental food. Keywords: Salmo trutta fario, Diet, Shafarud River, Guilan, Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - Physiological pathology of migration and mobility of "floating population" in rural settlements of Guilan province
Dr.Teymoor AmarMigration is a dynamic process and the result of socio-economic changes, which can be separated and analyzed in terms of the common divisions of internal and international migrations. Internal migration is one of the main elements of changing demographic processes and t MoreMigration is a dynamic process and the result of socio-economic changes, which can be separated and analyzed in terms of the common divisions of internal and international migrations. Internal migration is one of the main elements of changing demographic processes and the main mechanism of population distribution and redistribution. The flow of migration from cities to rural areas is a part of postmodern developments, which has economic-social-cultural, environmental and physical consequences. Existing studies and researches show that widespread and increasing migration to rural areas, physical complications such as "change In the ownership system, it will lead to "transformation in land use and the landscape of villages", "increase in the construction of second homes and the resulting physical chaos", "physical clutter", and "confusion in architecture and construction". This article investigates the physical damage caused by the migration and mobility of the floating population to the rural areas of Guilan province with a descriptive-analytical method based on documentary studies and field information collection and interviews with local experts and managers. The findings of this research showed that the agricultural levels Between the censuses of 1367 and 1390, the province has decreased by about 33%, which is undoubtedly the main reason for this is the request for land in the province and the change of its use. Construction has grown by 67% during the last decade (despite a 16% decrease in the rural population), which has resulted in numerous construction violations, while there is no reasonable balance between the province's population, resources, and infrastructure. Manuscript profile
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