-
Open Access Article
1 - Good Governance: Equilibrated Ecology
Gh. Memarzadeh J. Jassbi N. NafariGood governance is a common subject on development of countries. Economic, political and socialauthors and thinkers during two recent decades faced various comments on good governance. Any ofthem defines good governance with particular dimensions and characteristics.Thi MoreGood governance is a common subject on development of countries. Economic, political and socialauthors and thinkers during two recent decades faced various comments on good governance. Any ofthem defines good governance with particular dimensions and characteristics.This paper aimed to briefly review the literature of this subject and provides definitions of governanceusing a fresh view point and presents a novel model of good governance.Using two concepts of "ecology "and "decision making" there fore, this paper focuses on three majorcharacteristics, that’s "efficiency", "effectiveness" and "equilibrium of ecologic"This paper supposes good governance as a multi – face or plural concept including all aspects ofauthorizing and power. Each aspect of efficiency and effectiveness in this point is divided in toadministrative, economic, political and social components which indicating the focus of this paper onpluralism of governance. Characteristics and Indices are also presented for any of these components.Plotting the two dimensional diagram aims to show balances of efficiency and effectiveness andstudies various balances of countries ecological texture and categorizes them regarding to abovediagram and analyzes the governance condition in four different states through diagram. It finallyrecommends strategies to hold balance between two aforesaid aspects owing to different status ofgovernance in terms of balance line.This paper concludes that good governance is result of keeping balance between efficiency andeffectiveness along with continuous development of them and moving towards the higher levels ofbalance line. In other words, development is result of balance of rising trend of efficiency andeffectiveness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Analysis of discharge parameters and optimization study of coaxial DBDs for efficient excimer light sources
Udit Narayan Pal Pooja Gulati Niraj Kumar Mahesh Kumar Vishnu Srivastava Ram Prakash -
Open Access Article
3 - The effect of structural defects on the electron transport of MoS2 nanoribbons based on density functional theory
Farahnaz Zakerian Morteza Fathipour Rahim Faez Ghafar Darvish -
Open Access Article
4 - First principle study of the effect of defects on performance of single-molecule pentacene field effect transistors
Bahniman Ghosh Akash Gramin -
Open Access Article
5 - Proof of factorization of χcJdocumentclass[12pt]{minimal} usepackage{amsmath} usepackage{wasysym} usepackage{amsfonts} usepackage{amssymb} usepackage{amsbsy} usepackage{mathrsfs} usepackage{upgreek} setlength{oddsidemargin}{-69pt} egin{document}$$chi _{ ext{cJ}}$$end{document} production in non-equilibrium QCD at RHIC and LHC in color singlet mechanism
Gouranga C Nayak -
Open Access Article
6 - A Hybrid Proximal Point Algorithm for Resolvent operator in Banach Spaces
V. Dadashi M. RabbaniEquilibrium problems have many uses in optimization theory and convex analysis and which is why different methods are presented for solving equilibrium problems in different spaces, such as Hilbert spaces and Banach spaces. The purpose of this paper is to provide a meth MoreEquilibrium problems have many uses in optimization theory and convex analysis and which is why different methods are presented for solving equilibrium problems in different spaces, such as Hilbert spaces and Banach spaces. The purpose of this paper is to provide a method for obtaining a solution to the equilibrium problem in Banach spaces. In fact, we consider a hybrid proximal point algorithm using the resolvent of a maximal monotone operator in Banach space. Under appropriate conditions, we prove the strong convergence of the generated sequence by the algorithm to the zero of the maximal monotone operator. As an application of the main result, and using proved theorems, we can provide a maximal monotone operator for any monotone bifunction so that the zero of the maximal monotone operator is the solution to the equilibrium problem. The results of this paper generalize or improve the obtained results in the various papers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Wolf-type duality for nonsmooth mathematical programs with equilibrium constraints
Ali Ansari ArdaliMathematical program with equilibrium constraints is one of the optimization problems whose constraints are used to model certain equilibria in the applications of engineering sciences and economics. Our main aim in the present paper is to investigate the necessary opti MoreMathematical program with equilibrium constraints is one of the optimization problems whose constraints are used to model certain equilibria in the applications of engineering sciences and economics. Our main aim in the present paper is to investigate the necessary optimality conditions and create a Wolfe type dual problem for such problems. To investigate these conditions, we consider non smooth and non convex optimization problem with equilibrium constraints and suppose that all functions are not necessarily differentiable or convex. For this optimization problem, using the notion of convexificator, which is viewed as a generalization of the idea of subdifferential, we remind some constraint qualifications, stationary conditions, and generalized convexity. Finally, weak duality theorem and strong duality theorem are established under appropriate generalized convexity assumptions and a constraint qualification for an optimization problem with equilibrium constraints based on the notion of convexificators. We also illustrate some of our results by an example. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Numerical solution of the SIR epidemic model using the non-standard finite difference method
Abdulrahman Yaghoubi Hashem Saberi NajafiIn this paper, a special case of the finite difference method which is called non-standard finite difference method is studied for the numerical solution of a mathematical model of epidemic diseases. The constructed non-standard finite difference schemes have the main p MoreIn this paper, a special case of the finite difference method which is called non-standard finite difference method is studied for the numerical solution of a mathematical model of epidemic diseases. The constructed non-standard finite difference schemes have the main properties of the continuous model such as positivity, boundedness, and stability. The stability of the equilibrium points of the system is investigated. The proposed non-standard finite difference schemes are convergent to the equilibrium points of the system. In solving nonlinear problems, one of the important advantages of this method is that nonlinear term discretized with nonlocal approximations. In most cases, non-standard finite difference schemes are stable even when large step sizes are considered. Therefore, using non-standard method will be cost-effective in dynamical systems that are studied over a large time interval. Numerical examples confirm the accuracy and efficiency of the non-standard finite difference method.Keywords: Non-Standard Finite Difference Method, SIR Model, Equilibrium Points. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Existence result for equilibrium problems
Fatemeh LaelAbstractWe establish new sufficient conditions which guarantee existence of solutions of equilibriumProblems:Let K be a nonempty subset of a topological space E and f . The problem of interest, called equilibrium problem, is defined as follows:Find x such that f(x,y)> MoreAbstractWe establish new sufficient conditions which guarantee existence of solutions of equilibriumProblems:Let K be a nonempty subset of a topological space E and f . The problem of interest, called equilibrium problem, is defined as follows:Find x such that f(x,y)>0 for all y: This problem is very general in the sense that it includes, as special cases, complementarityproblems, fixed point problems, minimax problems, Nash equilibrium problem in non-cooperative games, optimization problems and variational inequality problems, to name a few. As a matter of fact, this formulation unifies these problems in a convenient way, and many of the results obtained.Our results are without making any convexity and monotonicity assumptions on the underlying problem data. Our results are based upon the relation between the KKM principle and equilibrium problems through constructing a certain family of subsets of a given Hausdorff topological vector space. We also illustrate our developments and describe applications by adapting our existence results for non-convex minimization problems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - An Iterative Scheme for Generalized Equilibrium, Variational Inequality and Fixed Point Problems Based on the Extragradient Method
S. Jahedi M. A. PayvandThe problem ofgeneralized equilibrium problem is very general in the different subjects .Optimization problems, variational inequalities, Nash equilibrium problem and minimax problems are as special cases of generalized equilibrium problem. The purpose of this paper is MoreThe problem ofgeneralized equilibrium problem is very general in the different subjects .Optimization problems, variational inequalities, Nash equilibrium problem and minimax problems are as special cases of generalized equilibrium problem. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the problem of approximating a common element of the set of generalized equilibrium problem, variational inequality problem and fixed point problem. In this article, a new iterative algorithm is introduced based on theextragradient method. Under suitable conditions, a weak convergence theorem for finding a common solution of a generalized equilibrium problem, a variational inequality problem and the set of fixed points of a finite family of strictly pseudo contraction mappings is proved. Our results improve and generalize some recent results in the literature. Finally, we give a numerical example to show the validity of the results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Stability Analysis of a Fractional Order Model of HIV virus and AIDS Infection in the Community
M. S. Shahrokhi Dehkordi Y. AhmadiIn this paper a non-linear model with fractional order is presented for analyzing and controlling the spread of HIV virus. Both the disease-free equilibrium and the endemic equilibrium are found and their stability is discussed. The basic reproduction number , which is MoreIn this paper a non-linear model with fractional order is presented for analyzing and controlling the spread of HIV virus. Both the disease-free equilibrium and the endemic equilibrium are found and their stability is discussed. The basic reproduction number , which is a function of the constant parameters in the model, plays an essential role in the stability of the above model. In more precise expression, When the disease-free equilibrium is attractor, but when , is unstable and the endemic equilibrium exists and it is an attractor. Finally numerical simulations are also established to investigate the influence of the parameters in the model on the spread of the disease. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Application of Game Theory in Evaluation of Stock Investment
غلامرضا اسلامی بیدگلی رضا احتشام راثیNowadays the enterprises are in an intensive competition and can notmerely rely on traditional methods of decision making over certainty, riskand uncertainty situation in facing domestic or international rivals.Hence recognizing the new techniques of decision making aga MoreNowadays the enterprises are in an intensive competition and can notmerely rely on traditional methods of decision making over certainty, riskand uncertainty situation in facing domestic or international rivals.Hence recognizing the new techniques of decision making against thecompetitors in the contradictory situations seems to be a vital necessityfor each enterprise. These techniques assist the investors to make aneconomical evaluation of the investment alternatives and help them tomanage and mitigate the risk.Investment in the developing countries is competitive and isendangered by a plenty of unknown and unexpected variables which leadthe investors towards investigating and applying the new methods like"Games Theory".This article describes how to use the Games Theory's Methods tomake the proper and timely decisions against the rivals and how toevaluate the investment alternatives economically. It also tries to showhow the Games Theory maintains the interests of different investors inthe alternatives and helps them to reach to an equilibrium point ofconsent. Study result showed that Game Theory have applicable inInvestment evaluation Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Evaluating the environmental and economic impacts of Carbon Tax Using Computable General Equilibrium Model (CGE)
جمشید پژویان حسن معین نعمتیThis paper deals with environmental, welfare and employment effects of Carbon Tax. Carbon tax as a policy instrument, internalizes the external cost of air pollution in price of fuel. The very objective of carbon tax is not only to reduce fuel consumption and hence redu MoreThis paper deals with environmental, welfare and employment effects of Carbon Tax. Carbon tax as a policy instrument, internalizes the external cost of air pollution in price of fuel. The very objective of carbon tax is not only to reduce fuel consumption and hence reduce harmful emissions made by economic agents, but also to lessen the tax burden on wage earners and reduce labor cost which in turn provides incentives for job creation. This study uses Computable General Equilibrium Model which is revenue neutral, i.e. total tax income is taken constant in the model. The model is a non- linear equation system. GAMS as a Software along with input – output table pertaining to Iranian economy is used to solve the mode. The model was calibrated to base year 1378[1]. The findings in this study indicate that the use Carbon Tax as a policy instrument to alleviate the Burdon of tax on labor income, would improve qualitavely the environmental standards and reduce the environmental concerns besides to positive impact on employment and welfare gains. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Study the Effect of Meat Market Liberalization on Rural Welfare in Iran
A. Haghighatnezhad-Shirazi S. Yazdani R. Moghaddasi -
Open Access Article
15 - Ab initio and DFT studies on tautomerism of 5-methyl cytosine in gaseous phase
K. Zare M. Monajjemi E. Zahedi H. Aghaie -
Open Access Article
16 - Equilibrium Constants of the Complexation of Molybdate Ion with para-Sulfonatocalix [4] arene in aqueous media
S. Z. Hashemizade Ali Farajtabar -
Open Access Article
17 - Rationalizing the Strength of Hydrogen-Bonded of Molybdate-Phosphonic acid Complex (1:2): Density Functional Theory Studies
Mohammad Hossein Ghorbani Hossein Aghaei -
Open Access Article
18 - Thermodynamic Study and Total Energy Calculation for three systems of Enol↔Keto Tautomerism
H. Aghaie M. Monajjemi L. Papei -
Open Access Article
19 - The effect of polar copolymers in protein absorption on contact lenses on 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate(HEMA)
Mohammad Yari S.S Sharehjini Omid Moradi -
Open Access Article
20 - Complexation of L-arginine and L-lysine by p-sulphonatocalix (61 arene in aqueous solution at different temperatures
M. Faraji K. Zare A. Farajtabar F. Gharib -
Open Access Article
21 - Energetical and structural investigation for equatorial/axial conversion of different substituents on piperidine and phosphorinane: A theoretical study
Fereshteh Naderi M. Hassan Khodabandeh Sedigheh Rezaeianpour -
Open Access Article
22 - Adsorption properties of nickel oxide nanoparticles for removal of Congo Red from aqueous solution
Foujan Falaki Ali Fakhri -
Open Access Article
23 - John Rawls: From the Social Contract to Two Principles of Justice
شهلا اسلامیThe social contract tradition has a particular significance in the history ofpolitical philosophy. The classic theoreticians of social contract, such asLock, Rousseau, and Kant, have considered the political authority asinevitable in order to prevail over life difficult MoreThe social contract tradition has a particular significance in the history ofpolitical philosophy. The classic theoreticians of social contract, such asLock, Rousseau, and Kant, have considered the political authority asinevitable in order to prevail over life difficulties in disordered (social)situation.John Rawls takes a new approach to social contract in his theory ofjustice. He assumes that contracting parties would choose the principles ofjustice which intend to determine the moral principles. Such principles, inturn, constitute the social institutions of society. In Rawls’ view,contracting parties are assumed to be in a hypothetical situation calledoriginal position. These persons as free, equal, reasonable and rationalcitizens, are in veil of ignorance; that is, they are not aware of anycharacters as gender, social status, religious orientation, and even theirconception of the good. In this situation, Rawls suggests a technique,called “reflective equilibrium”, which orchestrates our principles ofjustice and considered judgments. In original position, contracting partieschoose the two principles of justice, i.e. the principles of liberty andequality. The concept of original position is an interpretation of Kant’sview on the principle of freewill and categorical imperative. Describingthis situation enables one to reveal his essential nature as a free andautonomous human being.Rawls, thus, dose not use social contract to legitimate political authority;but, using original position, he presents a concept of human nature whichthe liberals, always, talk about it: a liberated human who is freed of anysocial, political and traditional stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Analysis of urban system space organization Case study: east Azerbaijan
دکتر نفیسه مرصوصی دکتر حسن حکمت نیا دکتر محمد رضا پور محمدی دکترحسین نظم فرIntroduction: The main purpose of this research is review and analysis of spatial equilibrium degree in East Azerbaijan urban system based on entropy index and class difference limit model underlying of statistics and information of 6 periods of census. Method: Method MoreIntroduction: The main purpose of this research is review and analysis of spatial equilibrium degree in East Azerbaijan urban system based on entropy index and class difference limit model underlying of statistics and information of 6 periods of census. Method: Method of research performance is the form of quantity-analytical parallel with presenting of practical models. Mentioned statistical society in this research is the cities of case study province that formally enunciate as a city in census. Results: In 1385 reducing of share of Tabriz population has reached to 58.19 percent. Also share of province great cities population have faced with reduction but because of number of province cities have reached from 39 cities to 57 cities and also the number of small cities and low population have raised more. Therefore because of rising number of small cities the reduction of Tabriz population share comparison with whole of province population renews exaggerate and entropy degree has reduced to .502. Conclusion: The conclusions of this research reveal that settling of population in centers and city classes have distributed with equilibrium form and concentration process of Tabriz metropolis is streaming with noted speed and have directed city network from semi equilibrium situation to crisis conduction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Presenting a pricing model for the producers of steel with application of Game theory
Narges Shirafkan Mohammad Mehdi Hosseinzadeh -
Open Access Article
26 - Effect of concentration on efficiency and adsorption equilibrium time of lead from aqueous solution by rice husk adsorbent
Hasan Jamali Armandi Zaman Shamohamadi HeidariObjective: This study reviews the efficiency of absorption and equilibrium time Variations in concentrations were measured. Materials and methods: For this rice husk absorbent was used to absorb lead Kinetic adsorption experiments were carried out for estimation equilib MoreObjective: This study reviews the efficiency of absorption and equilibrium time Variations in concentrations were measured. Materials and methods: For this rice husk absorbent was used to absorb lead Kinetic adsorption experiments were carried out for estimation equilibrium time in varied concentrations. The results showed that in varied concentration amount the lead adsorbed per unit weight of adsorbent increased with increase contact time and process adsorption equilibrium reached at 60, 90, 105, 120, 90, 75 and 60 minutes for initial lead concentration 1, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200 and 500 mg/l, respectively. Results: Adsorption efficiency increased with decreasing solution concentration from 500 mg/l to 1 mg/l. However obtained maximum adsorption efficiency at concentration was 1 mg/l (%98). The experimental data were fitted using Ho &et al. and Lagergren kinetic models. Results showed that lead ions adsorption on rice husk followed adsorption model of Ho & et al. The experimental results were fitted to the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Results showed that experimental data fitted well the Freundlich model isotherm. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Study of chemical absorption of chromium by rice stem using physico-chemical adsorption isotherm model
Fatemeh Soltani Shayan ShamohammadiBackground and Objective: One of the main objectives of the adsorption isotherm models is to determine the maximum capacity of the adsorbent. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the chemical absorption rate of chromium from aqueous solution by rice stem, us MoreBackground and Objective: One of the main objectives of the adsorption isotherm models is to determine the maximum capacity of the adsorbent. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the chemical absorption rate of chromium from aqueous solution by rice stem, using physico-chemical adsorption isotherm model of Shamohammadi and to compare adsorption isotherm models for determining the maximum capacity of the adsorbent. Method: The rice stem with particle sizes of 75, 300, 850 and 1200 micron, and the chromium solution with concentrations of 15 to 40 (mg/L) were used in this study. Findings: The maximum adsorption efficiency of 96.30 % was obtained in in pH=2 using 10 (g/l) of rice stem with particle size of 75 micron. The maximum adsorption capacities of chromium by Langmuir model and Shamohammadi model for the rice stem were obtained as 2.918 and 4.926 (mg/g) in particle size of 75 microns, 2.206 and 3.310 (mg/g) in particle size of 300 microns, 1.838 and 2.617 (mg/g) in particle size of 850 microns and 1.037 and 1.322 (mg/g) in particle size of 1200 microns respectively. Conclusion: Isotherm absorption studies showed that, based on Shamohammadi model, averagely 20.5% of adsorption occurs as initial adsorption. Moreover, by considering equilibrium adsorption (qe) as a function of initial concentration (C0), not only the precision of the model will be enhanced (according to evaluation criteria), but also the equilibrium capacity of adsorption increases to an average of 26.5% compared to the Langmuir model. Thus, application of the Shamohammadi model increases the capacity of chromium absorption by rice stem by an average of 47% compared to the Langmuir model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Applying Game Theory to Interacting Properties of Accounting Information and Accounting Conservatism in Tehran Stock Exchange
Yousef Saffar Fazel Mohammadi Noodeh Farzin Rezaei Mehrdad SadraraAbstractManagers and shareholders engage in Financial information quality and conservatism in order to maximize benefits and maintain collaboration. Or for whatever reason (perhaps morally) they refrain from doing so. The purpose of examining this conflict and cooperati MoreAbstractManagers and shareholders engage in Financial information quality and conservatism in order to maximize benefits and maintain collaboration. Or for whatever reason (perhaps morally) they refrain from doing so. The purpose of examining this conflict and cooperation between managers and shareholders of listed companies using game theory is to find a balance point in which the manager and the shareholder are satisfied as the main elements of the game in order to maximize their interests. Accordingly, this study seeks to find a strategy to maximize the equilibrium benefits of managers and shareholders by applying strategic features of accounting information and accounting conservatism. The method of data collection is the method of document mining during the period (1391-1391) and the method of data analysis is inferential and the software used to prepare the data and estimate the models is SPSS. The test results of the research hypotheses show that the combination of high conservatism strategies - high reporting quality and low conservatism - low reporting quality - are the equilibrium points (Nash equilibrium) in the game between the manager and the shareholder. The results show that game theory plays an important role in the relationship between managers and stakeholders; and finding the equilibrium points of the game can play an effective role in the decisions of the game parties (managers and shareholders). In this way, it informs the parties of the game of the strategy that has been most desirable and beneficial for them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Strong convergence for variational inequalities and equilibrium problems and representations
E. Soori -
Open Access Article
30 - A Comparative Study of Islamic and Realistic Approaches to International Theories (A Case Study: Balance of Powers)
Seeros khandan Merdad Alhpour Rashid RekabianThe purpose of the present study is to answer this basic question that from the perspective of methodology, ontology, and epistemology, what is the approach of either idealistic or Islamic theory to the balance of power in the realm of international relations? The metho MoreThe purpose of the present study is to answer this basic question that from the perspective of methodology, ontology, and epistemology, what is the approach of either idealistic or Islamic theory to the balance of power in the realm of international relations? The method of study is descriptive analysis and it relies on the hypothesis that since the Islamic approach emphasizes on value and ethical issues, contrary to other macro international schools specially realism that is utilitarian and power-centered, therefore it can be stated that the Islamic approach to the subject of power equilibrium in the international realm is peaceful and at the same time against hegemony and political domination. The results of the study showed that Islam as a global religion has a special approach to the essence of international relations that is different from realism. The existing schools in international relations have different ontological, epistemological, and methodological foundations that determine their approach to the international system and as a result their viewpoint about the essence of international relations is distinct from each other. From anthropological view, the epistemological approach of the Islamic theory to international relations is not as pessimist as realism, but rather it maintains that human essence is a combination of instinct and nature, religious politics, and the theory of divine government so the overriding principle in international relations is the nobility of peace. The most important distinction between the Islamic and realistic approach to international relations lie in the epistemological foundations of the Islamic theory by which it could have represented an interpretation of the essence of international relations that corresponds more to the realities in the world. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Investigation of the Hydrate Formation Equilibrium Conditions of Natural Gas
Mohsen Kasaeezadeh Alireza Azimi -
Open Access Article
32 - Montmorillonite as Efficient Nanoclay for Removal of Aniline Blue Dye: Optimization, Isotherm and Kinetic Study
Somayeh Lorzani Shahla Elhami -
Open Access Article
33 - The general economic order and its effect on the economic equilibrium of tourism contracts
Ali Rostami far Ghassem Mohammadi Najad Ali Almsi Yadollah Dadgar -
Open Access Article
34 - Analyzing of the economic equilibrium of tourism contracts in the context of general economic order
Ali Rostami far Ghassem Mohammadi Najad Ali Almsi Yadollah Dadgar -
Open Access Article
35 - Theoretical study of 2-selenoformyl-3-thioxo-propionaldehyde (STP) in the exited states
ramin rafat alireza nowrooziIn the present study, tatomerism process, hydrogen bond strength and π-electron delocalization of 2-selenoformyl-3-thioxo-propionaldehyde (STP) in the singlet and triplet excites states were investigated. First, all of the H-bonded structures in exited states were op MoreIn the present study, tatomerism process, hydrogen bond strength and π-electron delocalization of 2-selenoformyl-3-thioxo-propionaldehyde (STP) in the singlet and triplet excites states were investigated. First, all of the H-bonded structures in exited states were optimized by CIS and TD-DFT methods. Relative energies indicate that the thiol and enol conformers are the most stable and unstable, respectively: HB Thiol < HB Selenol < HB Enol. Moreover, the electronic energies show that all of the H-bonded structures are more stable in the triplet excited state than the singlet excited state. To justify this order, the affective factors on this stability such as tautomerism, hydrogen bonding and π-electron delocalization were comprehensively investigated. Tautomeric energies express that the thiol tautomer is more stable than the others in terms of thermodynamics. Also, the activation barriers indicate that the thio⇋thiol is more prefer than the other equilibriums, from kinetic point of view. Description of different hydrogen bonds by energetic, geometrical, topological and molecular orbitals emphasize on the presence of a stronger intramolecular hydrogen bond (IMHB) in the enol forms. Furthermore, evaluation of π-electron delocalization (π-ED) represents approximate superiority of enol conformers. The achieved results by HB and π-ED analyzes are in contrast with the mentioned stability order. Ultimately, investigation of above factors indicates that the tautomerism phenomenon plays a dominant role in determining of the structures stability in the excited states. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Study of the Effect of Haplotype Block Length on Improving the Accuracy of Genomic Prediction Using Bayesian Methods in Sheep
reza seyedsharifi Fatemeh Ala Noshahr nemat hedayat evrigh Jamal seif davatiInroduction & Objective: Linkage disequilibrium (LD) advancement map and the specification of population-level haplotype block structures are parameters that are helpful for managing the study of the Genome wide Association (GWAS), and to comprehend the nature of no MoreInroduction & Objective: Linkage disequilibrium (LD) advancement map and the specification of population-level haplotype block structures are parameters that are helpful for managing the study of the Genome wide Association (GWAS), and to comprehend the nature of non-linear relationship among phenotypes and genotype. Compared with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), genomic prediction fitting haplotype alleles and improve prediction accuracy; but the increase in accuracy belong how the Haplotype block are characterized. The aim of this study was to test the optimal size for haplotype length in genomic predictions. Material and Method:The Haplotype alleles were defined according the SNP alleles in not covering blocks 125 Kb, 250 Kb, 500 Kb, and 1 Mb. The Haplotype alleles with frequencies below 1, 2.5, 5 or 10% are eliminated. Two methods, Bayes A and Bayes B, were used to predict the genomic effects of SNPs and haplotypes. From Bayes A and B methods to predict the genomic effects of SNPs and haplotypes in three traits with three levels of heritability (milk production (h2 = 0.1), carcass weight (h2 = 0.3) and body weight in Maturity (h2 = 0.45) was used. Results: The highest genomic prediction obtained in body weight at maturity by Bayesian method B (0.652) during 250 kb haplotypic block and the lowest by Bayesian method A in milk production (0.407) during haplotypic block 1 Mb. Haplotype blocks of 250 kb with a frequency threshold of 1% provided the highest genomic prediction accuracy. Comparing Bayes A and Bayes B methods, Bayes B method provided higher estimation accuracy in both SNP-based and haplotype allele-based models. Conclusion: : Placing haplotype alleles instead of SNPs in the statistical model, if the haplotype length is properly defined, improves the accuracy of genomic prediction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - An Explicit Midpoint Algorithm for Nonexpansive Semigroup in smooth Banach Spaces
Hamid Sahebi Andreea Fulga -
Open Access Article
38 - A strong convergence for the general equilibrium system
Hamid Sahebi Stojan Radenovic -
Open Access Article
39 - Viscosity approximation methods for W-mappings in Hilbert space
HR Sahebi S. Ebrahimi -
Open Access Article
40 - On Vector Equilibrium Problem with Generalized Pseudomonotonicity
Ali Farajzadeh Syyedeh Marzieh Halimi -
Open Access Article
41 - On Solutions of Generalized Implicit Equilibrium Problems with Application in Game Theory
Parastoo Zangenehmehr Ali Farajzadeh -
Open Access Article
42 - Investigating the Impact of National Currency Value Shocks on the Inflation Structure and Unemployment of the New Keynesian Model Using a Dynamically Computable General Equilibrium Approach
Hediyehsadat Mirsharafodini Abdolmajid Jalaee Mohsen Zayandehroodi -
Open Access Article
43 - Hyper-Rational Choice and Economic Behaviour
Majid Eshaghi Gordji Gholamreza Askari -
Open Access Article
44 - Investigation of Markov Dynamic General Equilibrium Marking Model (MS-DSGE) in order to Develop Iran's Monetary-Economic System
Mohammad Ghasemi Kiomars Soheili Shahram Fattahi -
Open Access Article
45 - The effect of polymer molar mass on the aqueous two-phase system containing Poly ethylene glycol dimethyl ether and ammonium sulphate and its application of this system in partitioning of iodine
Mohammed Taghi Zafarani–Moattar Hemayat Shekaari Tohid Hashemzadeh -
Open Access Article
46 - Preparation of activated carbon from Pterocarya fraxinifolia and Isotherms and thermodynamics evaluation for Pb (II) sorption
Maryam Ghasemi Yaghob Khosravi-Fard Vida Pashang -
Open Access Article
47 - Liquid–liquid equilibria of aqueous two phase system containing of PEGDME and (NH4)2 SO4 at different temperatures and its application in partitioning of lactic acid
Mohammed Taghi Zafarani Moattar Hemayat Shekaari Tohid Hashemzadeh -
Open Access Article
48 - Application of climate in land transport with an emphasis on interpolation methods
saeid kohjaniOne of the applications of the climate in ground transportation is that we can estimate some of the characteristics of the weather and hydrology of the paths with little or no statistic statistics, since in many cases it is not possible to implement a road project only MoreOne of the applications of the climate in ground transportation is that we can estimate some of the characteristics of the weather and hydrology of the paths with little or no statistic statistics, since in many cases it is not possible to implement a road project only Due to the lack of long-term climatological data, the reason for using the IDW, SPlINE method, precipitation maps and its consequences in relation to the climatic, hydrological factors mentioned in the road construction projects in the Garmsar axis of Semnan In the longitude "10 51- 25 51 East and geographical area 30-35-35-44-4435 35 is located in the province of Semnan Provider We saw them in Figures 1 and 10 as a result of work, which can be used in ground transportation management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Ab initio Calculation for Photocurrent in Silicon p-n Junction: the First-Order Perturbation Theory
Majid Ghandchi Hossein Fazlalipour -
Open Access Article
50 - An Analysis of Temperature Changes of Devices Produced using 3D Printers with the Help of Abacus Software
mohammad eshaghi -
Open Access Article
51 - Centralized Supply Chain Network Ddesign: Monopoly, Duopoly, and Ooligopoly Competitions under Uncertainty
kaveh Fahimi Seyed Mohammad Seyed Hosseini Ahmad Makui -
Open Access Article
52 - Determining the Best Combination of Perspective indicators of Balanced Scorecard by using Game Theory
mansoor abedian atefeh amindoust reza madahi javid jouzdani -
Open Access Article
53 - Making Optimal Decisions of Assembly Products in Supply Chain
Yong Luo Shuwei Chen -
Open Access Article
54 - Numerical Investigation of the Limit Equilibrium Method in Tunnel Stability Using Finite Element (FEM)
Semko Arefpanah Alireza Sharafi -
Open Access Article
55 - Look at the judicial adjustment in the light of "al-Aqoud subsidiary party"
zinat jafari fesharaki mohammad jafari fesharakiAbstractJudicial review of the contract in light of the rule of “Al-oqud-tabe’a-lel-Qosoud”Review:With the advancement of economic developments in recent centuries and the increase in the coefficient of influence of external factors in long or long-ter MoreAbstractJudicial review of the contract in light of the rule of “Al-oqud-tabe’a-lel-Qosoud”Review:With the advancement of economic developments in recent centuries and the increase in the coefficient of influence of external factors in long or long-term contracts, sometimes the balance and economic balance during the execution of the contract is so tantamount that its implementation is obligatory, although impossible, but with difficulty and There is a lot of hardship. Since the laws of Iran have not provided a solution, a judicial modification of the contract is raised, That the major reason of the opponents of contract judicial modification is its conflict with the principle of necessity; hence, in case of proving the presence of implied condition of balance of considerations in the parties’ will and intent, the above-mentioned condition is included in the rule of “Al-oqud-tabe’a-lel-Qosoud” and the contract judicial adjustment will not have any conflict with the principle of necessity. Notwithstanding, there is an important question is that how to reach the above-mentioned implied condition in the will and intent.It was concluded in the present study through descriptive-analytical method that through citing the reasons such as: esalat-alzohoor, and referring to commons, etc. the intended implied condition of balance of considerations is achieved, therefore judicial adjustment isn’t not only a secondary verdict and an exception in the principle of necessity but it is also the first verdict and in accordance with the principle of necity. Key words: Judicial adjustment, Implicit condition, Equilibrium, Intent, the rule of “Al-oqud-tabe’a-lel-Qosoud” Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Balanced-Oriented Order: The Russian Pattern of Order in the Post -Cold War International System
Alireza RezayiThe theory of international relationship is concerned with how to cope with the problems arising in the international arena and/or try to bring order among nations. Hence, the science of the international relationships can be defined as the study of systematic order. In MoreThe theory of international relationship is concerned with how to cope with the problems arising in the international arena and/or try to bring order among nations. Hence, the science of the international relationships can be defined as the study of systematic order. In the discussion of international order, we must distinguish between the demand and the supply of order and that is because some of the world actors are demanding order rather than trying to provide it. It is also noteworthy that in the discussion of international actors, international order depends more on the governments rather than nongovernmental organizations and individual actors. The role playing of great powers such as the United States, Russia, China and the European Union in bringing order in the international arena becomes determining factors. The present study aims to the role of Russian pattern of order in the post- cold war period in the international system. To understand the objective of Russia in this period, we analyze the Russian pattern of the international order in the framework of the concept of "balanced-oriented order" which is intended to create political-military equilibrium of power. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Modeling the Impact of Raw Materials Suppliers Competition on Procurement Costs in the Green Closed Loop Supply Chain
saeed saljooghi Ramin SadeghianNowaday, competition affects all processes of production and supply of products, so that most manufacturers and suppliers of materials can not have a market share if they do not think about increasing quality and reducing prices, so in this article the effect of competi MoreNowaday, competition affects all processes of production and supply of products, so that most manufacturers and suppliers of materials can not have a market share if they do not think about increasing quality and reducing prices, so in this article the effect of competition of raw material suppliers on supply and procurement costs Materials for manufacturers in a multi-product supply chain Green closed loop is examined. First, competitive modeling in the supply process between raw material suppliers in different groups is done by estimating the demand for each of the chain products and setting the demand quantity parameters of each product. And the rate of return flow in the competitive model using the principles of game theory to find the equilibrium point of competition among each group of chain suppliers. Then by solving the model of changes in the cost of supply and goods for manufacturers and suppliers of chain raw materials in two cases The existence of competition and its absence are compared and decisions are made Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Evaluating the Function of Small Towns in Regional Development by Using Network Analysis Method (Case Study: Khormoj Town, Bushehr Province)
Behsa Abdollah Zahra Sadat Saeideh zarabadiIn recent decades many developing countries are facing unbalanced settlement system and regional inequalities due to the concentration of population, activities and services in large cities. In the other words, the unbalanced distribution of activities and services in t MoreIn recent decades many developing countries are facing unbalanced settlement system and regional inequalities due to the concentration of population, activities and services in large cities. In the other words, the unbalanced distribution of activities and services in the country causes extensive migrations to large cities and this gradually creates many problems in the settlement system. Therefore, in order to decentralize the big cities and achieve regional balance and development, the attention of urban and regional planners to small towns has been focused. Inequality and imbalance in the optimal distribution of services and facilities in the Bushehr province, which is one of the southern provinces of the country, has caused the unbalanced distribution of population in the province and the collapse of the settlement system. In this regard, the purpose of this research is to evaluate the function of the town of Khormoj as a small town in the regional balance and development of Bushehr province. For this purpose, Network Analysis method has been used which is one of the effective methods for determining the relationships and functional flows between the settlements of a region. In the paper, the methodology based on the objective is applied and based on the nature of the research is descriptive- analytical method. Also, the information is compiled through library studies and documents review. The results of the research show that the town of Khormoj can play a significant role in regional development and be selected as an appropriate destination for occupation and residence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Investigating the Impact of Legal and Scientific Indicators of Space Segmentation on Promotion of County to Province from the Perspective of People, Officials and Experts (Case Study of Kashan and Surroundings)
Mohamad Rahemi Hojat Mahkouii Ahmad Khademolhoseiny Ali ShamsoddiniDynamics, change and evolution are the characteristics of the geographic space. In this context, one of the fundamental strategies for managing geographic space can be to divide space into smaller spaces. The topic of space division is presented in the form of a system MoreDynamics, change and evolution are the characteristics of the geographic space. In this context, one of the fundamental strategies for managing geographic space can be to divide space into smaller spaces. The topic of space division is presented in the form of a system of division of the state. In general, the main purpose of this process is to provide the foundation for geographical geography and environmental justice in geographic space. Hence, from the point of view of applied political geography, a balanced division of the country into the administrative and political divisions seems to be necessary. In our country, given the nature of the rule of law and the requirements of the natural and human environment, many of these divisions have undergone and changed. In the framework of the above approach, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of formal, legal and scientific components in promoting the city of Kashan and the surrounding area to the level of a province. The methodology of the study was based on the field method by designing and analyzing the questionnaire. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Adsorption of phenol by super hydrophobic phenol-formaldehyde/silica hybrid aerogel
Mohamad Seraji Sadra Soleimankhani Hossein Abadani Jamal Davarpanah -
Open Access Article
61 - Adsorption of Phenol by Super Hydrophobic Phenol-Formaldehyde/Silica Hybrid Aerogel
Mohamad Mehdi Seraji Sadra Soleimankhani Hossein Afkhami Abadani Jamal Davarpanah -
Open Access Article
62 - Effects of Line Defect on Electronic Transport of Double Gate Armchair Graphene Nanoribbon Field Effect Transistors: a Simulation Study
Mohammad Bagher Nasrollahnejad Parviz Keshavarzi‎ -
Open Access Article
63 - Analysis of the Effect of News Shocks Related to the Future Technology on on on Economic Welfare
mohammad alibegli nader mehregan alireza erfaniThe present article aimed to understand the effect of news shocks related to the technology on macroeconomic variables. In this regard, a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model was used to analyze the reaction of macroeconomic variables in Iran based on seasonal d MoreThe present article aimed to understand the effect of news shocks related to the technology on macroeconomic variables. In this regard, a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model was used to analyze the reaction of macroeconomic variables in Iran based on seasonal data during 2001-2021. The results indicate that the news shocks increases the productivity of all production factors within one standard deviation. This increase escalates the wage rate as well as the interest rate. Household consumption, production and investment also increase opposing this shock. Due to the increase in production, the working hours will increase and consequently the inflation will decrease. Moreover, the economic prosperity grows due to the increased consumption and production. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - The effect of oil shocks on economic resilience in Iran
najme alsadat robati Ali RaeispourRajabali Abdol Majid jalaeeIn the field of the new Keynesian school, this paper has been specified and estimated by the method of stochastic dynamic general equilibrium model in the small open export economy, in accordance with the structure of Iran's economy. Using the simulation results of the MoreIn the field of the new Keynesian school, this paper has been specified and estimated by the method of stochastic dynamic general equilibrium model in the small open export economy, in accordance with the structure of Iran's economy. Using the simulation results of the main model, while using the estimated parameters, the effects of oil shocks in recent years on selected macroeconomic variables have been evaluated. Determining the degree to which oil revenues affect economic indicators can, in addition to determining the degree of economic resilience, help policymakers determine future plans. The phenomenon of fluctuations in foreign exchange earnings from oil exports, due to the dependence of the structure of Iran's economy on oil revenues, affects all macroeconomic variables - both in the public and private sectors. Accordingly, it is proposed to reform the tax system and reduce dependence on oil revenues, diversify the government's revenue portfolio, commit to a balanced budget and prevent disproportionate growth of the monetary base, strengthen the role of the foreign exchange reserve fund and monetary discipline for the government. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - The Role of Economic and Environmental Policies on Preventing Air Pollution
Marziyeh Sadat Vahabzadeh Moghadam Karim Eami Farzaneh Haju HassaniThe purpose of the article is to investigate the role of economic and environmental policies on preventing air pollution using the Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model during the period of 1990-2019. Based on the results of the model, the economic policy MoreThe purpose of the article is to investigate the role of economic and environmental policies on preventing air pollution using the Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model during the period of 1990-2019. Based on the results of the model, the economic policy shock causes a sudden increase in economic growth and consumption and then their decrease; However, the economic policy shock increases air pollution. The shock of environmental policies, firstly, increases consumption and economic growth and then decreases them. Investment also decreases as a result of the shock of environmental policies. Based on the results of variance analysis, the role of economic policies for the country's economic situation and creating air pollution is greater than environmental policies. The role of environmental policies in reducing air pollution is less than the role of economic policies in increasing air pollution. It is suggested that when the government increases its expenditures, it imposes green taxes or carbon emission taxes at a lower rate than the increase in government expenditures so that the economic growth of the country will continue to be maintained along with the reduction of environmental pollution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Modeling the Effects of Indirect Taxes on the Welfare of Income Deciles in Iran with the Computable General Equilibrium Application
Akbar Khodabakhshi Saeideh RoustaeiAfter oil revenues, taxes are the second and most important source of government expenditure in Iran's economy. On the other hand, considering the importance of social justice as one of the main goals of the government, the effects of imposing taxes on households are al MoreAfter oil revenues, taxes are the second and most important source of government expenditure in Iran's economy. On the other hand, considering the importance of social justice as one of the main goals of the government, the effects of imposing taxes on households are also very important. Therefore, this research, using a calculable general equilibrium model, seeks to investigate the welfare effects of imposing indirect taxes on different income deciles in Iran. For this purpose, two scenarios have been applied and the reactions of households with different income deciles to these scenarios have been investigated. In the first scenario, a uniform tax was imposed on all goods and services at a rate of five percent and in the second scenario, a tax on food at a zero rate, a tax on some luxury goods at a rate of 14 pecent and a tax on other goods at the same rate of 5 percent. EV index was also used to measure welfare. The results of the model show that the imposition of indirect taxes in the first scenario worsens the welfare of low-income households, while the second scenario improves the welfare of poor households and worsens the welfare of rich households. However, in the first scenario, the GDP was higher than in the second scenario. Therefore, it is recommended to choose a tax policy using an integrated tax system, we will see efficiency and economic justice. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Analysis of agency conflict with emphasis on aspects of earnings management, audit quality and cost of equity; Game theory approach
Zahra Moghaddam Hamzeh Didar Kiumars Shahbazi Ali EbadianThe purpose of this article is to describe and explain the strategic behavior of managers and shareholders in the interactive-conflict environment of joint-stock firms using the tools of game theory and in the form of signaling games. In such a way that first, taking in MoreThe purpose of this article is to describe and explain the strategic behavior of managers and shareholders in the interactive-conflict environment of joint-stock firms using the tools of game theory and in the form of signaling games. In such a way that first, taking into account the level of quality of internal controls, the manager acts on (deceptive and informative earning management) and then the shareholder with strategies (high capital cost, low capital cost) and also (high-quality audit services, low-quality audit services) reacts to it. The findings of the research, theoretically, the necessary conditions for establishing balance in the strategies (deceptive earning management, high capital cost), (deceptive earning management, high-quality audit services) in the environment of weak internal controls. In addition, it shows the condition of establishing equilibrium in the strategies (informative earning management, low capital cost), (informative earning management, low-quality audit services) in the environment of strong internal controls.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Welfare costs of inflation using frictional unemployment in Iran:General Equilibrium Model approach
Hossein Nasrollahi Karim Emami kambiz Peykarjou Abbas Memarnejad Taghi TorabiThe objective of this paper is to examine the welfare cost of inflation in the context of Iran's economy, incorporating labor market frictions (search theory) within a monetary general equilibrium model. The model also features a cash-in-advance constraint. To achieve t MoreThe objective of this paper is to examine the welfare cost of inflation in the context of Iran's economy, incorporating labor market frictions (search theory) within a monetary general equilibrium model. The model also features a cash-in-advance constraint. To achieve this goal, through the utilization of calibration and sensitivity analysis in the steady state, the findings indicate that both employment and production are contingent on the elasticity of labor supply and the elasticity of vacancies in job matches. Depending on these two parameters, they may exhibit an increase in response to an escalation in the inflation rate. Additionally, the three-month optimal inflation rate in a stable state is determined to be 4.66%. The welfare gains, derived from reducing the three-month inflation rate from its current level of 5.3% to the optimal rate in a steady state, is calculated to be 0.0031% of total consumption. Therefore, based on the results, it is suggested that in inflation reduction policies, the effects of this reduction on welfare are taken into consideration, and special attention should be paid to the area of business investment by giving tax incentives, especially tax credits.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Labor Market Equilibrium in Profit-sharing Model Emphasizing on Islamic Approach
yadollah dadgar Iraj Totonchian mohammadreza armanmehrProfit-sharing of the workers is a fairly way for the workforce which plays a vital role in efficiency and sustainable economic growth. Studying this subject by Islamic approach can be a new step. The supply and demand balance in the Profit-Sharing model will be analyze MoreProfit-sharing of the workers is a fairly way for the workforce which plays a vital role in efficiency and sustainable economic growth. Studying this subject by Islamic approach can be a new step. The supply and demand balance in the Profit-Sharing model will be analyzed from the perspective of Islam. In this paper, the data will be collected in libraries and the documentation analyzed by using content analysis. In addition, depended on Islamic economical principles, geometrical and mathematical means are used to explain the matter more reasonably. To investigate the equilibrium of labor share in the economy, firstly, the labor market equilibrium rent is investigated. Then, the effect of Profit-sharing model of Islamic Economics will be studied on the balance of labor supply and demand. The stability of the economy equilibrium in profit-Sharing will be expressed based on Islamic teachings. Finally, some results of profit-Sharing Model are described. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Evaluation of Trade Rent-Seeking Effects on the Iran’s Economy through Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium Model
samaneh moghaddasfar seyed komail tayebi alimorad sharifiThe purpose of this paper is to design a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibriummodel to examine the effect of trade rent-seeking on labor behavior in Iran's economy. The empirical results of the analysis of Impulse Response Functions indicate that, with the positive sho MoreThe purpose of this paper is to design a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibriummodel to examine the effect of trade rent-seeking on labor behavior in Iran's economy. The empirical results of the analysis of Impulse Response Functions indicate that, with the positive shock of the trade revenue, the trade rent-seeking rate has increased, and the labors has reduced its productive activity. In order to examine more precisely the welfare cost of rent-seeking, by Lucas's compensated variation pattern has been shown to decrease a 10% in rent-seeking rate it is increased households welfare benefit by 6%. Therefore, it is suggested that the economic policymaker with the import tariff setting based on the economic and society’s livelihood needs restricts the bargaining by the owners of the profit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Evaluation of Nominal Wage Rigidities' Sensitivity in Dynamic Stochasic General Equilibrium by Considering the Stock Price Bubbles
Kiomars sohaili shahram fatahi narges rahmanianiThe main goal of this study is to introduce a general stochastic dynamic equilibrium model with sensitivity analysis for the wage rigidity in Iran's economy using the seasonal data from 1995-2014. The results showed, capital market dynamics influence the real sector of MoreThe main goal of this study is to introduce a general stochastic dynamic equilibrium model with sensitivity analysis for the wage rigidity in Iran's economy using the seasonal data from 1995-2014. The results showed, capital market dynamics influence the real sector of Iranian economy. The monetary policy shock has a significant impact on macroeconomic variables and stock prices. The volatilities in stock prices helps to explain the Iranian business cycles. In the case of bubble in asset prices, credit constraint in firms was decreased and their opportunity cost decreases and causes a downward pressure on the marginal costs and finally inflation decreases. By assuming wage rigidity, possibility of wage adjustment with regard to monetary shock decreases and the reaction of labour and labour supply is been more strict. And changes in production is slower than when the wage perfect flexibility exist. Based on the results, using of the model with wage rigidity in order to better simulate the real world is suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - Game Theory Approach to Modeling and Analyzing Inheritance Allocation of a Passed-away Couple
majid sheikhmohammadi mostafa abbasiThe main aim of this study is to model and analyze the challenge of inheritance allocation remained by a passed-away couple based on the inheritors strategies and objectives by using Game Theory approach. So, by the help of Graph model to analyze the challenges between MoreThe main aim of this study is to model and analyze the challenge of inheritance allocation remained by a passed-away couple based on the inheritors strategies and objectives by using Game Theory approach. So, by the help of Graph model to analyze the challenges between the inheritors of a passed-away couple based on the laws and regulations in Islamic Republic o Iran. This model contains two kinds of players selected through 64 abstract constructions of the strategies by applying some limitations and analyzed 8 possible cases and finally, 2 cases predicted as more likely. The results represent that this competition has two equilibriums. That is, if the players stand in thie situations, they have no desire to exit. By the coalition of the players, the results will be more appropriate to get more. The findings of the modeling is completely consistent with real results of the challenges. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - The Impacts of Tariff Cuts on the Iranian Labor Market: Case Study of Agricultural, Food, Apparel and Textile Sectors
mohammad mehdi barghi oskooeeAbstract In this paper, the effect of trade openness on the level of employment and the rate of wages has been evaluated by using a computable general equilibrium model. The results represent that through the cuts of general imports tariff, the percentage changes of to MoreAbstract In this paper, the effect of trade openness on the level of employment and the rate of wages has been evaluated by using a computable general equilibrium model. The results represent that through the cuts of general imports tariff, the percentage changes of total employment level as well as the employment level of unskilled labor will be increased. Likewise, by decreasing the percentage of skilled labor wages to follow more tariff cuts, wages inequality is improved. Also, it is clear that more tariff cuts on food, apparel and textile commodities will decrease the percentage changes of total level employment and unskilled labors. Since, the percentage changes of skilled labor wages will be increased in comparison with unskilled labors by increasing tariff cuts. Thus, it can be concluded that wider trade openness in the food, apparel and textile commodities leads to the increase of wages inequality. However, under the effect of the tariff cuts in agricultural commodities, the percentage changes of total employment as well as the employment of unskilled labors will be increased and by the decline of percentage changes of skilled labor wages, there is a decrease in the inequality of wages between skilled and unskilled labors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - The Welfare Computation under Different Fiscal Policies in an Optimal Monetary and Fiscal Policy Model Framework
hosein marzban zahra dehghan parviz rostamzadeh hamidreza izadiThe aim of this paper is computing the welfare under different fiscal policies by using of a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium model in an optimal monetary and fiscal policy framework for the Iran's economy. In order to investigating the effects of using tax MoreThe aim of this paper is computing the welfare under different fiscal policies by using of a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium model in an optimal monetary and fiscal policy framework for the Iran's economy. In order to investigating the effects of using tax instruments some different scenarios were provided. First scenario, the case with all taxes available, Second scenario, the case without consumption taxes, third scenario, the case of income and consumption taxes. The results indicate that the number of fiscal policy instruments available to the planner, plays an important role in the welfare changes in the optimal monetary and fiscal policy model. The minimum welfare loss occurs in last scenario and the maximum of welfare loss is related to second scenario. The proposal is that planner deal with determining polices in an optimum fiscal and monetary policy model, regarding available fiscal policy instruments and effects from economic shocks on welfare changes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Inflation Behavior of Tradable and Non-Tradable Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) Approach
javid bahrami Behnoosh sadat Aghayan esfandiar jahangardAbstract The purpose of this paper is to study the factors affecting Tradable and Non-tradable inflation. Accordingly, Dynamic stochastic General Equilibrium model was used during the period 1991 to 2016. The results of the Impulse Response Functions (IRF) indicate tha MoreAbstract The purpose of this paper is to study the factors affecting Tradable and Non-tradable inflation. Accordingly, Dynamic stochastic General Equilibrium model was used during the period 1991 to 2016. The results of the Impulse Response Functions (IRF) indicate that non-tradable inflation is more responsive as a result of shocks. Monetary shock has had the greatest impact on non-tradable inflation, while Exchange rate and monetary shock have the greatest impact on tradable inflation in terms of initial effect and durability respectively. Based on the results, policy makers' attention to the components of inflation is suggested when economic decisions are made. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - The Macroeconomic Effects of Structural Reforms in Iran's Retirement System
hoda jafari Abbas Najafizadeh Esmaieel Safarzade Gholam Ali HajiAbstract The purpose of this paper is to investigate the distributive and welfare effects of the transition from the current payment system to a partially funding system in Iran. For this purpose a six period OLG Models have been designed and simulated. The simulation MoreAbstract The purpose of this paper is to investigate the distributive and welfare effects of the transition from the current payment system to a partially funding system in Iran. For this purpose a six period OLG Models have been designed and simulated. The simulation results of the specified model show that, the consumption of all generations has increased and the saving of individuals and, consequently, capital accumulation in the economy is decline due to these reforms; the result of these changes is the decline in total production of economy. Based on these results and the widespread recession in the country's economy, it is suggested that policymakers do not resort to structural reforms and transition to funded system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Iran and Qatar Cooperation in Gas Production from South Pars (North Dome) Gas-Condensate Field: A Game Theory Framework
Elmira Bayati Bijan Safavi Amir JafarzadehAbstract The purpose of this article is to examine the cooperation between Iran and Qatar in withdrawal of shared reservoirs of South Pars gas field (in Qatar: North Dome) by using game theory. The failure of a credible international agreement in determining the magnit MoreAbstract The purpose of this article is to examine the cooperation between Iran and Qatar in withdrawal of shared reservoirs of South Pars gas field (in Qatar: North Dome) by using game theory. The failure of a credible international agreement in determining the magnitude of the exploitation has led Qatar to become more promising by investing more in its oil and gas industries than Iran; this imbalance has caused a rash and pernicious competition. Following this incident, the main purpose of the paper is to examine the type of communication (cooperative or non-cooperative) through the game theory to achieve an optimal economic strategy for Iran. Results based on non-cooperative game design, solving methods through methods of elimination of dominated strategies (dominate strategies equilibrium), and Nash equilibrium showed that choosing the non-cooperative strategy is optimized for both countries and non-cooperation has more economic benefits for Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - Mixed-Strategy Nash Equilibrium and Soccer Players A Case Study of Penalty Kicks
morteza sameti mehdi fath abadi kamran kasraei Mixed strategy Nash equilibrium (MSNE) is a concept commonly used in Game Theory. The game between the kicker and goalkeeper in soccer penalty kicks is a real game used to examine the application of the MSNE concept or the rate of its accuracy. The data were colle More Mixed strategy Nash equilibrium (MSNE) is a concept commonly used in Game Theory. The game between the kicker and goalkeeper in soccer penalty kicks is a real game used to examine the application of the MSNE concept or the rate of its accuracy. The data were collected on the direction of kicks and jumps in 106 penalties kicked in Premier League of Iran and the predictions of the model analyzed. The observations represented that given the probability distribution of kick direction, the optimal strategy for goalkeepers is to stay in the center of the goal; but the goalkeepers, almost always, jumped to the right or left. Finally, the “left-left” pattern is the most frequent and have the greatest number of observations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - Evaluation of Home Bias in Consumption and Exchange Rate Fluctuations (DSGE Approach)
Mohammad Akbari mohammad javad sharifzade ali ranjbarakiThe aim of this study is to evaluate the result of the exsictance and change in consumer home bias on macroeconomic variables (such as consumption and inflation), in the event of exogenous shocks to the economy. In order to do so, seasonal data of the period 1394-1370 a MoreThe aim of this study is to evaluate the result of the exsictance and change in consumer home bias on macroeconomic variables (such as consumption and inflation), in the event of exogenous shocks to the economy. In order to do so, seasonal data of the period 1394-1370 and a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model has been used. After designing the model, parameters of the suggested model are estimated by Bayesian approach. Reviewing the impulse response functions in the event of exogenous shocks (such as oil revenue shock and technological shock) shows that, with home bias exsictance in the model, inflation and consumption volatility will reduced due to the increased volatility of exchange rate. Based on the results it is recommended that, In order to control endogenous variables (including inflation), In the event of exogenous shocks, especially oil revenue shock, the exchange rate should be allowed to fluctuate more. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Assessing the Structure of Bank Deposits Market in Iran
mohammad nabi shahiki tash kamran mahmoodpourAbstract The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate the structure of banking structure in Iran and assess the monopoly power factor based on Bresnahan and Lau approach. In this paper, the market situation of monetary in Iran consisted 18 active banks are studied dur MoreAbstract The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate the structure of banking structure in Iran and assess the monopoly power factor based on Bresnahan and Lau approach. In this paper, the market situation of monetary in Iran consisted 18 active banks are studied during 2007–2011. By the use of Bresnahan's market power model, it is found that there is no deposit market for pre-said banks in Iranian banking industry. The coefficients estimated by the research model have represented that the hypothesis of perfect competition without any withholding rates and deposit rates can be rejected for the entire market. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - The Effect of Mark-up Shocks on Intensification of Stagflation in Iran’s Economy: DSGE Approach
Teymour Mohammadi abbas shakeri Masoume EmamikalaeeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of existence of mark-up shocks, which is a criterion for monopolistic structure of industries on intensification of stagflation phenomenon in Iran’s economy. For this purpose, it has been utilized by the metho MoreThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of existence of mark-up shocks, which is a criterion for monopolistic structure of industries on intensification of stagflation phenomenon in Iran’s economy. For this purpose, it has been utilized by the methodology of dynamic stochastic general equilibrium during the period of 1959-2014. The findings showed that mark-up shock increases price and decreases production which shows the existence of stagflation. Meanwhile, the mark-up shock will instantly decrease consumption and investment. As a result, mark-up shock does not have a positive effect on the economy as it tend to produce stagflation. Based on the results, it is possible that by consideration anti-monopoly laws it can be prevented increasing the mark-up. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - The Role of Tendency of Government Preference in an Optimal Fiscal Policy Model in the Presence of Agent Heterogeneity in A dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) Framework
hamidreza izadiAbstract This paper examines an optimal fiscal policy model in the presence of agents heterogeneous in a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium framework. Therefore, the presence of heterogeneous agents in the model led MoreAbstract This paper examines an optimal fiscal policy model in the presence of agents heterogeneous in a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium framework. Therefore, the presence of heterogeneous agents in the model led to create limitation that will be call government preference. The role of these preferences and tendency of the Government to the poor or the rich group can change the results of optimal policies on the economy. By using a dynamic stochastic general model, the role of government preferences tendency was been surveyed. The results indicate that in these models, the role of government expenditure financing through available taxes in the policymaking system, is partly dependent on the government preferences tendency. On the bases of the results, it is suggested that separating the government preferences and tendency in relation to the poor and the rich. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - Modeling the Effects of Green Tax on Health Sector Costs Using a Computable General Equilibrium Model
Mohammad Ali Torki Harchegani Nazar DahmardehAbstract The purpose of this paper is to consider the effects of green taxes on health costs in Iran. Accordingly, to achieve this goal, a computable general equilibrium model was used taking into account the interactions between energy, economy, environment and health MoreAbstract The purpose of this paper is to consider the effects of green taxes on health costs in Iran. Accordingly, to achieve this goal, a computable general equilibrium model was used taking into account the interactions between energy, economy, environment and health sectors simultaneously. The model was calibrated with data from the Social Accounting Matrix of 2011 and the endogenous variables of the model were calculated using the GAMS software using MCP technique. The results showed that by increasing the green tax rates, the health costs caused by the reduction of air pollution would be significantly reduced. Also, the financial impact on health indicators included mortality, morbidity and non-health effects of air pollution were estimated 62, 26.4 and 11.6 percent, respectively. Based on the results, implementation of green taxes can be reduced the health costs of air pollution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - The Effects of Mining Sector and Mining Industries Development on Government Revenue and Income of Households in Iran
davoud behboudi mohammad mehdi barghi oskoee Robab Mohammadi khaneghahiAbstract The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of an increase in the investment and productivity of the mining sector on government revenue and income of households in Iran. For this respect, a dynamic computable general equilibrium (DCGE) model and socia MoreAbstract The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of an increase in the investment and productivity of the mining sector on government revenue and income of households in Iran. For this respect, a dynamic computable general equilibrium (DCGE) model and social accounting matrix (SAM) for Iran for year 1390 is used. The results showed that increasing in mining sector investment and improving its total factor productivity positively affected government revenue and income of households in both urban and rural groups. The results also reveal that the development in the mining sector in Iran has the least effect on the income of rural households and the most effect on income of urban households. Based on the results, it is necessary for policymakers to adopt policies to increase investment and improve the total factor productivity of the mining sector. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - Investigating Heckscher-Ohlin Theory in Iran-Germany International Trade: A Computable General Equilibrium Approach
sara pandazmay seyed Abdolmajid Jalaee Mohsen Zayandeh RoodiAbstract The study of the Heckscher-Ohlin theory is crucial for countries seeking comparative advantage, taking into account the production methods and technology of these countries. Iran also needs to develop a model for the production and export of goods, as well as i MoreAbstract The study of the Heckscher-Ohlin theory is crucial for countries seeking comparative advantage, taking into account the production methods and technology of these countries. Iran also needs to develop a model for the production and export of goods, as well as imports of materials and goods, in order to develop and develop its trade relations with Germany. To achieve this, the effect of the relative abundance of labor and capital on the exports of both countries of Iran and Germany is studied in the form of a computable general equilibrium model and the use of the GTAP software. The results of various scenarios show that in the sectors of agriculture, industry and mining, services and oil and gas, which indicate the sectors of oil and non-oil exports in the economy of Iran and Germany, exports of services and industry and mining sectors, respectively, have the greatest effect on economic growth of both Country has Accordingly, it is proposed to accelerate the economic growth in both countries by focusing on strengthening non-oil exports, with emphasis on industrial and service exports. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - The Study of Exchange Rate Dynamics in Iran by Using Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) Models
mojtaba asghari ali haghighat masoud nonejad Hashem zareThe purpose of this paper is to examine the dynamics of exchange rates and the role of monetary and financial policies. For this purpose, we use a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) for a small open economy during the period of 1990-2016. The results show tha MoreThe purpose of this paper is to examine the dynamics of exchange rates and the role of monetary and financial policies. For this purpose, we use a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) for a small open economy during the period of 1990-2016. The results show that in different scenarios there are signs of Dutch disease as a weakening of the trade sector, the strengthening of the non-trade sector, the increase in prices in the trade sector, the reduction of prices in the commercial sector and the reduction of the real exchange rate. Based on the results, active financial policies are recommended to control exchange rate fluctuations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - Optimal Bidding Strategy of Generation Companies (GenCos) in Energy and Spinning Reserve Markets Using Linear Programming
Hassan Barati Ali Habibzadeh Afshin Lashkarara Jamshid AghaeiIn this paper a new bidding strategy become modeling to day-ahead markets. The proposed algorithm is related to the point of view of a generation company (Genco) that its end is maximized its benefit as a participant in sale markets of active power and spinning reserve. MoreIn this paper a new bidding strategy become modeling to day-ahead markets. The proposed algorithm is related to the point of view of a generation company (Genco) that its end is maximized its benefit as a participant in sale markets of active power and spinning reserve. In this method, hourly forecasted energy price (FEP) and forecasted reserve price (FRP) is used as a reference to model the possible and probable price strategies of Gencos. A bi-level optimization problem That first level, is used to maximize the individual Genco’s payoffs for obtaining the optimal offered quantity of Gencos. The second one, uses the results of the upper sub-problem and minimizes the consumer’s payment with regard to the technical and network constraints, which leads to the awarded generation of the Gencos. In this paper use of the game theory in exist optimization model. The paper proposes a linear programming approach. A six bus system is employed to illustrate the application of the proposed method and to show its high precision and capabilities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - الگوی پیوستگی نامتعادل در ژنوم حیوانات اهلی
م. نصرتیپیوستگی متعادل پایه انتخاب ژنومی، ایمپوتیشن نشانگر­های ژنتیکی، انتخاب بر مبنای نشانگر، مکان­یابی جایگاه صفات کمی، آزمون تشخیص والدین و مطالعات ارتباطی کل ژنوم می­باشد. آلل­ها در جایگاه­های نزدیک بهم تمایل به با هم بودن دارند. در جایگاه­های پیوسته Moreپیوستگی متعادل پایه انتخاب ژنومی، ایمپوتیشن نشانگر­های ژنتیکی، انتخاب بر مبنای نشانگر، مکان­یابی جایگاه صفات کمی، آزمون تشخیص والدین و مطالعات ارتباطی کل ژنوم می­باشد. آلل­ها در جایگاه­های نزدیک بهم تمایل به با هم بودن دارند. در جایگاه­های پیوسته این الگو منجر به ارتباط بین آلل­ها در جمعیت می­شود که پیوستگی نامتعادل خوانده می­شود. دو پارامتر Dˊ و r2 برای اندازه­گیری وسعت پیوستگی نامتعادل در جمعیت پیشنهاد شده است. Dˊ بیشتر از r2 تحت تأثیر تغییرات فراوانی آللی قرار دارد. در طی سالهای گذشته کلیه مطالعات بر روی پیوستگی نامتعادل با استفاده از نشانگر ریزماهواره انجام می­شد. با پیشرفت در توالی­یابی کل ژنوم حجم بالای از SNP در ژنوم شناسایی شد و ریزماهوارهها با SNP­ها جایگزین شدند. با استفاده از SNP سطح بالای از پیوستگی نامتعادل در فواصل کوتاه گزارش شد. فاکتور­های زیادی مانند انتخاب، مهاجرت، رانش ژنتیکی، جهش، اندازه جمعیت کوچک و نوترکیبی پیوستگی نامتعادل را تحت تأثیر قرار می­دهند. بنابراین به نظر می­رسد، پیوستگی ژنتیکی ابزار مناسبی برای بررسی ژنتیکی صفات کمی حیوانات اهلی میباشد. بعلاوه نقشه­های مقایسه­ای پیوستگی نامتعادل، ما را قادر به بررسی میزان تنوع بین نژاد­ها و شناسایی نواحی ژنومی تحت فشار انتخاب می­سازد. در این مقاله مروری بر مفهوم و روش­های موجود برای برآورد مقدار و وسعت پیوستگی نامتعادل در جمعیت حیوانات اهلی خواهیم داشت. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - بررسی چند شکلی ژن SCD1 (Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase Gene) در جمعیت گاومیش استان خوزستان با استفاده از تکنیک PCR-RFLP
ک. تقیزاده م.ت. بیگی نصیری ج. فیاضی م. بوجارپوراسترول کوآنزیم آ دسچوراز(SCD)، آنزیم محدودکننده در بیوسنتز اسیدهای چرب با یک پیوند دوگانه (MUFA) میباشد. شماری از مطالعات این فرضیه را تأیید میکند که چند شکلی و تنظیم ژن SCD، ممکن است بر ترکیب اسیدهای چرب و کیفیت چربی گوشت و شیر مؤثر باشد. پلیمورفیسمهای تک نوکلئوتید Moreاسترول کوآنزیم آ دسچوراز(SCD)، آنزیم محدودکننده در بیوسنتز اسیدهای چرب با یک پیوند دوگانه (MUFA) میباشد. شماری از مطالعات این فرضیه را تأیید میکند که چند شکلی و تنظیم ژن SCD، ممکن است بر ترکیب اسیدهای چرب و کیفیت چربی گوشت و شیر مؤثر باشد. پلیمورفیسمهای تک نوکلئوتیدی در ناحیهی کدکنندهی ژن SCD1 گاوی نشان داده است که در موقعیت A293V اسید آمینه والین به جای اسید آمینه آلانین جایگزین شده و در نتیجه آللهای A و V در این لوکوس مشخص گردید. هدف از این تحقیق، بررسی چند شکلی ژن SCD1 برای اولین بار در جمعیت گاومیش بود. از جمعیت گاومیش خوزستان، از تعداد 85 نمونه گاومیش از شهرهای شوشتر، دزفول، دشت آزادگان و شادگان خونگیری به عمل آمد. استخراج DNA با استفاده از کیت DIAtom DNA perp صورت گرفت. با استفاده از پرایمرهای اختصاصی و تکنیک PCR قطعه 400 جفت بازی اگزون 5 ژن SCD1 تکثیر یافت. سپس محصولات PCR با استفاده از آنزیم محدودکنندهی NCO1 و متد PCR-RFLPمورد هضم آنزیمی قرار گرفت. به کمک الگوهای باندی بر روی ژل آگارز 3 درصد و رنگ آمیزی با اتیدیدیوم بروماید، تمامی نمونهها تعیین ژنوتیپ شدند. نتایج حاصل از باندهای الکتروفورزی نشان داد که هیچ گونه تفاوت ژنتیکی در بین حیوانات مورد مطالعه در این ناحیه از ژن با آنزیمNCO1 مشاهده نگردید. همچنین نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق، عدم وجود تعادل هاردی-واینبرگ را برای جایگاه SCD1 نشان داد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - Presenting a model to determine the equilibrium point in the Oligopoly
Reza Basiri Mansour Abedian Saeed Aghasi Zahra DashtlaliOligopoly is one of the common structures of the market and is actually a state between pure competition and pure monopoly. The theoretical literature distinguishes between the behaviors of companies in adopting competitive pricing strategies. It is common to study mode MoreOligopoly is one of the common structures of the market and is actually a state between pure competition and pure monopoly. The theoretical literature distinguishes between the behaviors of companies in adopting competitive pricing strategies. It is common to study models where all firms are price-makers or price-takers, but the simultaneous application of price-making and price-taking strategies by firms producing a similar product using game theory has not received much attention. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to use game theory with equilibrium concepts forward-looking equilibrium reasoning, and backward-looking individual learning simulation tools to investigate the behavior of companies. The results of the recent study showed that the Cournot-Nash model is a stable model for the real evaluation of pricing strategies in a dynamic oligopoly market. However, with a larger number of firms, a unilateral deviation from Cournot's behavior becomes profitable. In this paper, we have formally proved that the only possible stable market is the Cornot market, where every firm can be a price taker. Conversely, a market in which all firms accept only prices is never stable, and therefore Walrasian equilibrium is not applicable according to the findings. When there are no stable markets, the market does not evolve toward a fixed composition, but the number of price takers typically decreases. In such a situation, the market composition follows a cyclical pattern that is related to the stability or volatility of crude expectations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - Pre-scheduling and Scheduling of Task Graph on Homogeneous Multiprocessor Systems
Marjan Abdeyazdan Saeed Parsa Amir Masoud Rahmani -
Open Access Article
92 - اثر تغییرات بارندگی بر متغیرهای اقتصادی با استفاده از مدل تعادل عمومی
زینب معین الدینی حمید محمدی حسین محرابی بشرآبادیاقتصاد ایران به متغیرهای اقتصادی بسیاری وابسته است که در رشد و توسعه آن کشور نقش دارند. از طرفی، بارندگی یکی از عوامل مهم آب و هوایی است که روی برنامه های مهم اقتصادی از جمله بخش کشاورزی موثر است. تغییرات بارندگی بر متغیرهای اقتصادی بسیاری تاثیرگذار اس Moreاقتصاد ایران به متغیرهای اقتصادی بسیاری وابسته است که در رشد و توسعه آن کشور نقش دارند. از طرفی، بارندگی یکی از عوامل مهم آب و هوایی است که روی برنامه های مهم اقتصادی از جمله بخش کشاورزی موثر است. تغییرات بارندگی بر متغیرهای اقتصادی بسیاری تاثیرگذار است که در این مطالعه به ارزیابی بعضی از آن­هاپرداخته شده است. هدف از این تحقیق ارزیابی شوک­های بارندگی بر متغیرهای اقتصادی با استفاده از روش تعادل عمومی است که این شوک­ها شامل؛ بهترین سناریو، برای بیشترین بارندگی، بدترین سناریو برای کمترین بارندگی و سناریوی نرمال برای متوسط بارندگی می­باشند. یه منظور ارزیابی این تغییرات بر بخش کشاورزی، مجموعه ای از کالاهای تولیدی بخش کشاورزی به صورت جداگانه مطرح شد و برای سایر بخش­های اقتصادی با هم تجمیع گشت. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که تولیدات بخش کشاورزی در بهترین سناریو به میزان 14 درصد افزایش یافته است. در بدترین سناریو میزان مصرف همه کالاها کاهش، قیمت همه کالاها به جز بخش صنعت افزایش و سرمایه­گذاری خصوصی و دولتی نیز تغییر یافته است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - تغییر یارانه های کشاورزی بر تولید و صادرات در ایران
حسین بدیع برزین محمد نوروزیان سید مهدی حسینی امیر تقوییارانه ابزاری است که دولت­ها به عنوان نوعی کمک مالی برای حمایت از بخش­های خاص اقتصادی استفاده می­کنند. امروزه یارانه در چندین کشور از جمله ایران به دلایل مختلف سیاسی و اقتصادی متداول است. این مطالعه به بررسی اثرات تغییر یارانه­های کشاورزی بر تولید و صادر Moreیارانه ابزاری است که دولت­ها به عنوان نوعی کمک مالی برای حمایت از بخش­های خاص اقتصادی استفاده می­کنند. امروزه یارانه در چندین کشور از جمله ایران به دلایل مختلف سیاسی و اقتصادی متداول است. این مطالعه به بررسی اثرات تغییر یارانه­های کشاورزی بر تولید و صادرات پرداخته است. برای این منظور، یک مدل تعادل عمومی قابل محاسبه (CGE) برای سال 1391 در قالب ماتریس حسابداری اجتماعی در سال 1379 به عنوان مبنای آماری مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. برای استخراج و حمل و نقل مدل از برنامه­نویسی غیرخطی استفاده شد. ماتریس حسابداری اجتماعی به بخش­های: کشاورزی، نفت و گاز، منسوجات، انرژی، صنعت و خدمات تقسیم شده است. سپس تأثیر یارانه­های کشاورزی و تأثیر آن بر متغیرهای درون­زا بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد که کاهش یارانه­های کشاورزی، سطح تولید محصولات کشاورزی را به میزان 3/21 درصد کاهش می ­دهد در نتیجه قیمت­ها افزایش می­یابد که به نوبه خود باعث انحراف نرخ ارز واقعی از تعادل می ­شود که مانع از صادرات در این بخش می­شود. علاوه بر این، با کاهش یارانه­ها نرخ بیکاری افزایش می­یابد و رفاه کاهش می­یابد Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - The Effect of Agricultural Production Subsidies Reduction in the Economic Variables of Agricultural Sector of Iran: Multifunctional Assessment in CGE Model
Saeed Mehrjou Zahra Kiani-FeyzabadThe production of public goods like amenity value of the landscape, food security, preservation of rural communities and rural lifestyle, by agricultural sector is a subject that has been widely accepted by experts. However, in many policies and political analyses carri MoreThe production of public goods like amenity value of the landscape, food security, preservation of rural communities and rural lifestyle, by agricultural sector is a subject that has been widely accepted by experts. However, in many policies and political analyses carried out, solely the production of private goods by the agricultural sector is paid attention and the important function of public goods production is ignored. Given the importance of multifunctional debate of agriculture in policies analysis, this study examined the effect of agricultural multifunctionality in the simulation of the agricultural production subsidies reduction effects using Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model. Simulation results of the effects of agricultural production subsidies reduction in terms of the multifunctionality showed that current practices to support the agricultural sector is non-optimal according to agricultural production and welfarereduction and the optimal level of supports with and without multifunctional agriculture is different. The simulation results showed that the welfare effects of economic reforms in Iran in the agricultural sector in terms of the multifunctionality will be positive. This is on condition that the welfare effects of agricultural reform in terms of the multifunctionality of agriculture are negative. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - Analyzing the Effect of the Water Reduce Subsidies on GDP
Seyed Mahdi Hosseyni Javad ShahrakiThe objective of this work is to analyze the effects of decrease in water subsidies (increase in the price of the water) on various economic sectors in order to promote the conservation of this resource based on the actual price of water. But over the past decades, vari MoreThe objective of this work is to analyze the effects of decrease in water subsidies (increase in the price of the water) on various economic sectors in order to promote the conservation of this resource based on the actual price of water. But over the past decades, various subsidizing methods hold the cost of water down. On the other hand, the indiscriminate use of these resources led the government to impose enormous costs. Determining the economic impact of subsidy reform can be an essential factor in the determination of water price reform scenarios. The methodology that will be used to explore the implications on the economy will be a computable general equilibrium model (CGE), previously designed for an analysis of the direct taxes of the Andalusian economy (Cardenete and Sancho, 2003), but now enhanced and extended to include emissions of pollutants and the introduction of environmental taxes (André, Cardenete and Velázquez, 2005). This model has been further modified to introduce the variations in the water price that this study investigates the effect of water subsidy reform on the economy based on six scenarios using computable general equilibrium model. Results show that by decreasing subsidies, GDP will reduce in all economic sectors. Government can prevent the decrease in production by redistributing incomes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - Analysis of agency conflict with emphasis on aspects of earnings management, audit quality, and cost of equity: Game theory approach
Zahra Moghadam Hamzeh Didar Kiumars Shahbazi Ali EbadianThis article aims to describe and explain the strategic behavior of managers and shareholders in the interactive conflict environment of joint-stock firms using the tools of game theory, specifically through signaling games. Managers, considering the quality of internal MoreThis article aims to describe and explain the strategic behavior of managers and shareholders in the interactive conflict environment of joint-stock firms using the tools of game theory, specifically through signaling games. Managers, considering the quality of internal controls, engage in both deceptive and informative earnings management strategies. Shareholders then respond with strategies involving high or low capital costs and opt for either high or low-quality audit services. The findings of the research outline the theoretical conditions necessary for establishing balance in strategies such as deceptive earnings management with high capital costs and deceptive earnings management with high-quality audit services in environments characterized by weak internal controls. Additionally, it highlights the conditions required to establish equilibrium in strategies like informative earnings management with low capital costs and informative earnings management with low-quality audit services within environments boasting strong internal controls. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - A mixed integer bi-level DEA model for bank branch performance evaluation by Stackelberg approach
Morteza Shafiee Farhad Hosseinzadeh Lotfi Hilda Saleh Mehdi Ghaderi -
Open Access Article
98 - Nash equilibrium strategy in the deregulated power industry and comparing its lost welfare with Iran wholesale electricity market
Seyed Hosein Mousavi Ali Nazemi Ashkan Hafezalkotob -
Open Access Article
99 - Using and comparing metaheuristic algorithms for optimizing bidding strategy viewpoint of profit maximization of generators
Seyed Hosein Mousavi Ali Nazemi Ashkan Hafezalkotob -
Open Access Article
100 - Optimizing pricing and ordering strategies in a three-level supply chain under return policy
Mahsa Noori-daryan Ata Allah Taleizadeh -
Open Access Article
101 - A Comparative Study of the Metaphysical Basis of Ancient Iran-China Political Approach
Dal yu -
Open Access Article
102 - Determination of thermodynamic equilibrium conditions of ethane and propane gas hydrates using a direct and fast empirical method
Akbar Irandoukht hosein BrijanianIn this article, a direct and fast method was developed for determination of thermodynamic equilibrium conditions. The thermodynamic equilibrium pressure for ethane hydrate formation at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 °C and for propane hydrate formation at 2, 4 and 5 &d MoreIn this article, a direct and fast method was developed for determination of thermodynamic equilibrium conditions. The thermodynamic equilibrium pressure for ethane hydrate formation at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 °C and for propane hydrate formation at 2, 4 and 5 °C were experimentally determined. Comparison of the obtained data for ethane hydrate pressure to that of Deaton-Frost and also to those predicted by AQUAlibrium software showed the average absolute deviation percent of 4.56, 4.79, and 3.27, respectively. In addition, comparison of the obtained data for propane hydrae pressure to that of Deaton-Frost and HWU software, showed the average absolute deviation percent of 10.17, and 13.31, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - Substitution of traditional money with virtual currencies and its effects on macroeconomic variables in the form of DSGE model
mohammad pouraghdam taghi torabi abbas memarnezhad teymor mohammadiThe purpose of this article was to investigate the replacement of traditional money with virtual currencies and its effects on macroeconomic variables with the approach of Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) models. For this purpose, the data of the period 201 MoreThe purpose of this article was to investigate the replacement of traditional money with virtual currencies and its effects on macroeconomic variables with the approach of Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) models. For this purpose, the data of the period 2018-2019 with seasonal frequency have been used. In the model designed in this article, it is assumed that due to the use of virtual money, a substitution between virtual money and traditional money will happen in people's asset portfolio. In this study, the shock caused by the price and volume of Bitcoin transactions is considered as an indicator for the demand for virtual currency. The results show that the shock from virtual currencies has led to a decrease in the demand for traditional money, in other words, there has been a substitution between holding traditional money and virtual money. In addition, the results indicated that due to the shock of virtual currencies, the amount of consumption in the economy has increased, and on the other hand, the amount of government income from royalties and money printing has decreased. Also, the results showed that the government's tax revenues have also decreased due to the trend of financial resources in the economy towards the demand of virtual currencies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - Parametric Evaluation of the Static Stability Analysis of the Asphaltic Concrete Core Rockfill Dams
Arash Razmkhah Shahram Shiravi -
Open Access Article
105 - Cesium biosorption from aqueous solutions using Sargasum modified algae, equilibrium and kinetics
H. Taherzadeh M. آ. Khani -
Open Access Article
106 - Optimal Switching of Micro-grid Distributed Management based on Equilibrium Models
Ebadollah Amouzad Mahdiraji -
Open Access Article
107 - WHEN DOES GOVERNMENT DEBT CROWD OUT PRIVATE INVESTMENT IN IRAN? DSGE APPOACH
طیبه نسرین دوست کریم امامی سید شمس الدین حسینی کامبیز پیکارجوIn this paper, the effect of government debt crowd out on private sector investment in the Iranian economy is investigated, using the New keynesian model in a stochastic dynamic equilibrium model (DSGE) and the Bayesian estimation solution method during the years 1997-2 MoreIn this paper, the effect of government debt crowd out on private sector investment in the Iranian economy is investigated, using the New keynesian model in a stochastic dynamic equilibrium model (DSGE) and the Bayesian estimation solution method during the years 1997-2017 .Financing government resources is important, especially in recent years, when government issues bonds and it is necessary to apply shocks and examine the effects of government policy. In this regard, several policy shocks have been applied to the system and the response between fiscal and monetary policies has been examined. The results show that direct government policy interventions are made, the effect of crowd out government debt on private investment is greater than in conditions where there is a market system or at least less government policy.Contrary to the conventional view, no systematic relationships between real interest rates and private investment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - Government Spending and the Transmission Channels of Their Effects on Macroeconomic Variables: A DSGE Approach
انوشیروان تقی پور هما اصفهانیانAbstract In the literature, it is emphasized on the role of government spending in business cycle of economic activities, especially in the developing countries where public investment alongside with other government tools uses for economic growth stimulation. However, MoreAbstract In the literature, it is emphasized on the role of government spending in business cycle of economic activities, especially in the developing countries where public investment alongside with other government tools uses for economic growth stimulation. However, the effect of government spending depends on how the spending is financed. Oil in the Iranian economy plays a significant role, so that more than 45% of the budget is directly financed by oil revenue. Therefore, oil plays a major role in macroeconomic variables fluctuations. The aim of this paper is that while explaining the business cycle behavior of the oil income, its relation with some relevant macroeconomic variables including government expenditures, investment, growth, inflation and money is examined as well. To end this, we use a new Keynesian dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model to explain the transmission channels of oil revenues effect on macroeconomic variables through the government budget, public capital stock and monetary base channels. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - The role of stock market shocks on macroeconomic variables in the form of dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model
Yazdan Gudarzi Farahani Babak Esmaili Morvarid Khajeh Vahid Mahboubi MatinAbstract The purpose of this paper was to investigate the impact of stock market shock on macroeconomic variables with the approach of Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) models. For this purpose, the data of the time period 1990-2021 with seasonal frequency MoreAbstract The purpose of this paper was to investigate the impact of stock market shock on macroeconomic variables with the approach of Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) models. For this purpose, the data of the time period 1990-2021 with seasonal frequency has been used. Modern financial systems usually include financing from the financial assets market in addition to financing the banking sector. The interaction between the stock market and aggregate activity has received much attention in the past decade. In this regard, traditionally, the stock price usually affects the stock market as the discounted current value of the expected stock profits. In this framework, stock prices are influenced by both production (through profits and dividends) and interest rates (through the rate at which future dividends are discounted). In this study, the capital market shock has an effect on the economy through the channel of consumption expenditures of households and investment expenditures of companies. The direct effects of stock price fluctuations on total spending have made the stock capital market known as a leading indicator in the economy. The obtained results indicated that the reaction of macroeconomic variables to the demand shock was more intense than the shock from the supply side, and only the variables of tax revenues and bank facilities showed a negative reaction to the demand shock in the conditions of the supply shock. Also, the amount of employment has shown a positive reaction in response to the shock on the supply and demand side in the capital market Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - Investigating the effect of electronic receipt and payment tools on reducing government and bank costs
Behzad Alinejadi Ahmed Sarlak Cambys HejbarKianiAbstractToday To continue their economic life, financial institutions are required to adopt e-banking methods in order to be more competitive, reduce operating costs, increase profitability, and improve the quality of customer service. Electronic services and the develo MoreAbstractToday To continue their economic life, financial institutions are required to adopt e-banking methods in order to be more competitive, reduce operating costs, increase profitability, and improve the quality of customer service. Electronic services and the development of e-banking are a big step towards reducing costs, reducing government spending and even controlling cost. This study aims to investigate the effect of e-banking in reducing banking operating costs and reducing government spending by using a random dynamic general equilibrium and considering the economic sectors of households, enterprises, government and monetary authority and information of private and public banks. To study in the period of 1375-1396. The results indicate that the use of electronic payment and receipt tools will lead to further reductions in bank costs, as well as lower energy prices and government spending. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - Optimal inflation rate measurement for minimizing economic inequality: The dynamic stochastic general equilibrium approach
Alireza Azizi Hashem Zare Abbas Aminifard Jalil Khodaparast ShiraziAbstractFair distribution of income in countries is one of the development indicators of each country. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt appropriate policies for its improvement in order to identify the effect of effective factors on it. In this study, the importance MoreAbstractFair distribution of income in countries is one of the development indicators of each country. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt appropriate policies for its improvement in order to identify the effect of effective factors on it. In this study, the importance of determining the optimal inflation rate with the aim of minimizing income inequality by using the randomized dynamic equilibrium method in Iran between 1997 and 2020 is discussed. The results of the research indicate that the inflation rate is optimized to be 3.74 percent, so that the increase or decrease of inflation of this amount will increase income inequality. Therefore, the government should target its inflation rate with the aim of attaining the minimum inequality, so that the probability of fluctuations (increase or decrease) in inequality will exist. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - Moral coherency and wide reflective equilibrium
Behrooz Muhammadi munfaredRecently, the wide reflective equilibrium can be considered consistent with the wide moral coherentism and seen to be more reliable than the narrow moral coherency in the ethics, since to justify the moral beliefs, in addition of coherency with the other ethical b MoreRecently, the wide reflective equilibrium can be considered consistent with the wide moral coherentism and seen to be more reliable than the narrow moral coherency in the ethics, since to justify the moral beliefs, in addition of coherency with the other ethical beliefs, they should be coherent to the related immoral beliefs such as psychological, biological, sociological and anthropological achievements. It is important that this level of coherency faced the challenges and has not provided better explanation than the fundamentalism to justify moral belief. In this article, after explaining the moral coherentism and wide reflective equilibrium, the general approach to the moral coherencies will be criticized. Finally, it will be clear that even if assumed that a moral belief in a wide coherency is justified, but this belief is justified only neglectfully, that which is meant that the agent has no epistemic reasons to accept or reject that propositions and therefore they cannot be justified epistemologically. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - The effects of electricity tariff liberalization on economic growth in the form of calculable general equilibrium model (CGE)
Aliakbar Mehrabian Abbas Memarnezhad Seyedshamsoldin Hosseini Farhad GhafariThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of electricity tariff liberalization on value added and growth of different economic sectors based on designing a general equilibrium model that can be calculated for Iran and using the social accounting matrix in MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of electricity tariff liberalization on value added and growth of different economic sectors based on designing a general equilibrium model that can be calculated for Iran and using the social accounting matrix in 2011. The government intended to organize the use of energy subsidies in addition to establishing justice in society by implementing the law on targeted subsidies. In this study, the policy of subsidy reform and electricity tariff liberalization has been studied in the form of two scenarios. The first scenario was a 50% reduction in subsidies paid in the electricity sector and the second scenario was the complete elimination of subsidies in the electricity sector. The results of this study showed that the change in electricity tariffs has led to an increase in value added growth in various economic sectors in both scenarios. Meanwhile, the sectors of oil and natural gas, food and electricity supply, water and gas have shown the highest growth in the second scenario compared to the first scenario, and the sectors of construction, wood and paper, non-metallic minerals and other industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - Estimation and Comparison of Short-Term Interest Rate Equilibrium Models Using Islamic Treasury Bills
moslem peymany zohreh hooshangiIn the following paper, short-term interest rate is modeled using some of the most prevalent single factor equilibrium models in Iran. In this research, model’s performance is compared to each other using some indicators relating to model fitness, interest volatil MoreIn the following paper, short-term interest rate is modeled using some of the most prevalent single factor equilibrium models in Iran. In this research, model’s performance is compared to each other using some indicators relating to model fitness, interest volatility and interest level changes. For this purpose, Islamic treasury bill yield data were obtained from the period 1394 to 1395 and the models were estimated using generalized method of moments. The findings of this research illustrate that Brennan-Schwartz and CKLS models perform better in interest rate fitness compared to other restricted models. Also, Brennan-Schwartz model show more predictive power than other models. In addition, short-term interest rate of Islamic Treasury Bill exhibit some mean reverting feature and the level of long term mean is estimated as well. Although all the models perform poorly in interest rate volatility fitness, there are some evidences showing that it is sensitive to the level of interest rate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - Hybrid linesearch algorithm for pseudomonotone equilibrium problem and fixed points of Bregman quasi asymptotically nonexpansive multivalued mappings
M. H. Harbau B. Ali -
Open Access Article
116 - Hybrid extragradient-type algorithm for zeros and fixed point problems in Banach spaces
B. Ali A. A. AlasanIn this paper, we introduce a new hybrid extragradient-type algorithm for approximating an element in the set of common solutions of equilibrium problems and common fixed points of family of Bregman demigeneralized mappings which is also a common zero of the sum of maxi MoreIn this paper, we introduce a new hybrid extragradient-type algorithm for approximating an element in the set of common solutions of equilibrium problems and common fixed points of family of Bregman demigeneralized mappings which is also a common zero of the sum of maximal monotone and Bregman inverse strongly monotone operators in the setting of reflexie Banach space. Strong convergence of the proposed algorithm to a solutions of the said problems is established which improves and generalizes many recently announced results in the literature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - Modelling the Impact of Trapping Blackfly Vectors on the Transmission of Onchocerciasis
Julius Tumwiine Raymond Muhumuza -
Open Access Article
118 - Modeling and Analysis of Vehicles Flow on the Road
Kumama Cheneke Purnachandra Koya Geremew Edessa -
Open Access Article
119 - Stability Analysis of a Malaria Transmission Model for the Effect of Infected Immigrants with Temperature and Rainfall Dependent Parameters
Victor Yiga Hasifa Nampala Julius Tumwiine -
Open Access Article
120 - Analysis of a Three Age Group Preys with Control Measures of COVID-19 Spread in the Third Prey
S. Saranya S. Vijaya -
Open Access Article
121 - Coronavirus (covid-19) Transmission Dynamics with Vaccination: A Mathematical Model Analysis
Mengesha Firdawoke Mekash Mohammed -
Open Access Article
122 - An Application of Intelligent Algorithms in Solving Chemistry Problems.
Hossein Jafari Setareh Salehfard Masoumeh Danesh Shakib -
Open Access Article
123 - APPLICATION OF PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS IN SNOW MECHANICS
S. Ahmadi -
Open Access Article
124 - LIMITED GROWTH PREY MODEL AND PREDATOR MODEL USING HARVESTING
Vijaya Rekha Rekha -
Open Access Article
125 - SIMULATION OF TETRACYCLINE ONTO GRAPHENE NANO SHEET
Gholamreza Soliemani Ehsan Ezzatpour Ghadim Salimeh Kimiagar -
Open Access Article
126 - Isothermal and thermodynamic studies of the adsorption of safranine on MCM-41
Ghazaleh Koutchakzadeh Zohreh Derikvand -
Open Access Article
127 - Measuring the Impact of Tariff Rate Reduction on Automobiles Industry on Import and GNP for Iran: CGE Model
M. Rezaei R. Khoshakhlagh M. VaezConsidering tariff policy in trading has been especially interested for countries particularly developing ones in recent decays. The primary aim of tariff was to protect domestic industries as well as improve and equilibrate tariff payments, but today tariff is one of t MoreConsidering tariff policy in trading has been especially interested for countries particularly developing ones in recent decays. The primary aim of tariff was to protect domestic industries as well as improve and equilibrate tariff payments, but today tariff is one of the most important tools in international trade policy with an influence on forms and volumes of a country's business with others. Considering economical effects of custom tariff in international trade, every country can benefit from this tool in accordance of their national goals. In the present study, the effect of tariff reduction on GNP, automobiles import and other economical sections was evaluated based on the computable general equilibrium CGE model for Iran. This model in planned based on the matrix of MCM data1380. The results suggest that automobile for other sections. Also, GNP and economic welfare were increased. In addition, tariff reduction caused automobile import reduction and import increase. Also, it caused an increase in GNP Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - Silvernano Particle Loaded on Activated Carbon as Novel Adsorbent for the Removal of Acid Yellow 199 Dye
Z. Alishavandi N. Mosallanejad R. shabani -
Open Access Article
129 - Response Surface Modeling and Optimization of Effective Parameters for Zn(II) Removal From Aqueous Solution Using Gracilaria Corticata
Farah Assadian Ali Niazi Majid Ramezani -
Open Access Article
130 - Effect of Cooling Rate and Copper Content on the Non-Equilibrium Eutectic Formation in Binary Al-Cu Alloys by Computer- Aided Cooling Curve Method
Mehdi Dehnavi Mohsen Haddad SabzevarIn this study, the effect of cooling rate and copper addition was taken into consideration in non- equilibrium eutectic transformation of binary Al-Cu melt via cooling curve analysis. For this purpose, melts with different copper weight percent of 2.2, 3.7 and 4.8 MoreIn this study, the effect of cooling rate and copper addition was taken into consideration in non- equilibrium eutectic transformation of binary Al-Cu melt via cooling curve analysis. For this purpose, melts with different copper weight percent of 2.2, 3.7 and 4.8 were prepared and cooled in controlled rates of 0.04 and 0.42 °C/sec. Results show that, latent heat of alloy highly depends upon the post- solidification cooling rate and composition. As copper content of alloy and cooling rate increase, achieved non- equilibrium eutectic phase increases that leads to release of much latent heat and appearing of second deviation in cooling curve. This deviation can be seen in first time derivative curve in the form of a definite peak. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - Human relationships expression and analysis in forming the tragedy of Siavash
Ali Akbar Farhangi Mansureh Ghanbar AbadiAbstract Vast interrelationships in shahnameh require that it is looked at from different perspectives. According to the definition of tragedy which is the death of an ideal noble man in a story who falls from happiness to misery brings to mind this question that how h MoreAbstract Vast interrelationships in shahnameh require that it is looked at from different perspectives. According to the definition of tragedy which is the death of an ideal noble man in a story who falls from happiness to misery brings to mind this question that how human relationships proceed that eventuates the death of this man. Since in the ideal land of Iran relationships are based upon wisdom how do then these tragedies take place? The aim of this article is to analyze the tragedy of Siavash with respect to different relationship theories and their criteria in order to find other influential factors forming the tragedy. The conclusion reached in this research shows apart from wisdom there are other factors which can lead a relationship towards cooperation or contention and step by step complete the different pieces of a tragedy. The method of research is documentary. The analysis of the content is qualitative and quantitative and 1423 couplets were chosen from the story of Siavash in Jovayni’s Shahnameh. Manuscript profile