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Open Access Article
1 - Organization Development and the Role of Change Agent
R. NajafbagyOrganization development and improvement of work procedures is one of the most fundamental steps in anyorganization. But, the important point in “organization development” is that, it is a planned and consciouschange regarding the development of capabilities MoreOrganization development and improvement of work procedures is one of the most fundamental steps in anyorganization. But, the important point in “organization development” is that, it is a planned and consciouschange regarding the development of capabilities and abilities which lead to high performance, effectiveness,efficiency and organizational health. It is based on institutionalizing new values, and creating employees’confidence in the organization. First, this idea emerged from Kurt Lewin indicating: unfreezing, change andrefreezing. Then, Greiner emphasized on development and change as a process of systematic and interrelatedchange. Later, Levitte designed a model different than Lewin and Greiner. He looked at the organization as asystem comprising four parts: organizational functions, structure, technology, and manpower. According tohim, a manager should be careful of the effect of each of these factors might have on the other. In short,organization development from these views will follow the study of the organizational problems, diagnosingthem, developing plan for improvement and change, implementing the changes and eventually, evaluationand the feedback. Consequently, informing the management about the results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Using fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm for common lecturer timetabling among departments
hamed babaei Jaber Karimpour Sajjad Mavizi -
Open Access Article
3 - Investigating the characteristics of killer yeasts and their applications in food: a review
Azita Faraki MohammadReza RezaeifardYeasts have been discovered and used for many years. They are so valuable and practical. In addition to their benefits in food production, their use as a biocontrol and protective agent is considered a great advantage. Among the yeasts in the environment, there is a gro MoreYeasts have been discovered and used for many years. They are so valuable and practical. In addition to their benefits in food production, their use as a biocontrol and protective agent is considered a great advantage. Among the yeasts in the environment, there is a group called killer yeasts, which, according to research, play an important role in controlling other microorganisms (other yeasts or bacteria). Killer yeasts can be classified in different aspects, but in general, the most important known killer yeast is saccharomyces cerevisiae. The toxins secreted by these yeasts have the role of inhibiting the target organisms in the environment. The nature of these toxins is protein or glycoprotein. Each toxin has its mechanism, and sometimes they are very complicated; there are two important strategies for killer yeasts: (1) competition for food in the environment and (2) penetrating the target cell membrane and destroying it. The most important applications of killer yeasts are fermentation, fundamental biological research, biomedical research, food and feed ingredients, and biocontrol agent. Many studies have been conducted on killer yeasts in various fields, such as the destruction and inhibition of microorganisms in winemaking, bacteriocin activity against pathogens, and antimicrobial activity in food spoilage, fruits, and vegetables. In vivo studies have also been conducted. All these cases indicate the killing activity of killer yeasts and their use as a suitable alternative. It should be mentioned that the dose of killer yeast is so essential. Also, their excessive presence causes problems and safety issues must be considered. Finally, it should be noted that the applications of killer yeasts in the food industry and other fields are increasing and only future studies will demonstrate their real potential of them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Hypothesis testing of Heterogeneous agents using STAR model with multivariate transition function: A case study of Tehran Stock market
Hassan Heidari Parisa Johari Salmasi Saeid Rasekhi Hamidreza FaaljooIn this study, in order to investigate the hypothesis of Heterogeneous agents in the Tehran Stock market and for examine empirically the importance of fundamental analysts and technical analysts in Tehran Stock market and the effects of macroeconomic variables on the sh MoreIn this study, in order to investigate the hypothesis of Heterogeneous agents in the Tehran Stock market and for examine empirically the importance of fundamental analysts and technical analysts in Tehran Stock market and the effects of macroeconomic variables on the share of the decision-makers in the stock market, we have used Tehran Stock Exchange data and Iran's macroeconomic time series data to estimate the STAR model with multivariate transition function over the seasonally period 1376 to 1393. The results of the model indicate that the share of market fundamentalist analysts when high risk and high volatility in stock price indices in the market there is more than technical analysts. Economic growth also took a larger share of the market analysts use technical analysis agents Therefore market prices diverge from their fundamental value. Also during that industrial production in the economy increases fundamentalist analysts are dominant in the stock market and Prices gradually converge towards the base price Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Modeling the Effect of Loss Averse Bias on Return Rate and Stock Price Dynamics (Application of Agent-Based Modeling in Behavioral Finance)
Moloud Raki Mohsen Mehrara Hosein Abasinejad Ali SouriStandard asset pricing models based on rational expectations and homogeneity have problems explaining the complex and volatile nature of financial markets. The heterogeneity in expectations can lead to market instability and complicate dynamics of prices, which are driv MoreStandard asset pricing models based on rational expectations and homogeneity have problems explaining the complex and volatile nature of financial markets. The heterogeneity in expectations can lead to market instability and complicate dynamics of prices, which are driven by endogenous market forces. Our aim is to point out that the investors’ irrationality explains various numbers of financial anomalies, especially the phenomena that traditional financials models have never been able to explain. using a behavioral finance approach and an agent-based model we examine the dynamics of stock price fluctuations and their rates of return in an artificial market composed of fundamentalists and non-fundamentalists with loss-adverse bias. our goal is to point out a posibility that loss-adverse feature of investors explains vast number of financial stylized fact and plays an important role in price formation of financial markets.The results of intensive analysis indicate that the existence of agents having heterogeneous beliefs and preferences has provided a better understanding of price dynamics in the financial market. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Provide a product life Cycle Optimization Model Using Agent Based Simulation
mohammad farahbakhsh mahmod modiri seyed mohammad ali khatami firozabadi alireza Puorebrahimi -
Open Access Article
7 - Organizational Learning and Knowledge Spillover in Innovation Networks: Agent-Based Approach (Extending SKIN Framework)
M. Mahmoudzadeh M. Alborzi S. Ghazinoori S. Khalili Shavarini -
Open Access Article
8 - Criticism and Chek of Citatiom Narrated by Eshagh Ebn Ammar on the Ruling Organ Transplant after Retribution
Ghasem Aref Aliakbar ArefThe present study investigates the method of citation by the jurists that is based on the reference of IshaqibneAmmarabout the verdict of organ transplant after the retribution. In doing so, this library research after the introduction and reviewing the present views on MoreThe present study investigates the method of citation by the jurists that is based on the reference of IshaqibneAmmarabout the verdict of organ transplant after the retribution. In doing so, this library research after the introduction and reviewing the present views on the issue, challenges the different views. Finally, the study verifies referring to this citation and concludes the theory of generalization of the amputation of the criminal’s transplanted organ relating to the criminal. Despite the famous view of the jurists, the present study brings up the details between the agent of the crime and the ambiguity of the crime for amputation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - REVIEWING THE PRESENT MANAGEMENT METHOD BASED ON THE VIEW OF BEING AGENT AND SERVANT (Studied case: cultural center, subordinate of the artistic and cultural organization of the city hall of Tehran)
Esmaeil Kavousi Seyed Mahdy Sharif ZadehIn this article, in order to answer this important question that “If managersshould devote themselves to the organization, or the organization should bedevoted to managers”, two approaches of “being agent and servant” leadershipare first defined, MoreIn this article, in order to answer this important question that “If managersshould devote themselves to the organization, or the organization should bedevoted to managers”, two approaches of “being agent and servant” leadershipare first defined, then the most important effecting these two approaches aredescribed, based on the analytic model of investigation in psychological,structural and cultural dimensions. Following this description, considering thatthis investigation is conducted in cultural center, subordinate of the artisticculturalorganization of city hall of Tehran, and that the results from thequestionnaires are analyzed based on the hypotheses of the research, it isclarified that managers psychologically have the tendency of the approach of“being servant” in the studied society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Factors affecting the tax culture from the perspective of taxpayers and tax experts VAT Office in Tehran
Mohammad Masihi Aboulghasem Mohammad nejad alizaminiIntroduction and Objective: Identify factors affecting the tax culture and solutions toimprove itMethod: The method used in this study is applicable, the type of data, quantitative and themethod of data collection, descriptive and correlational. Structural equation mode MoreIntroduction and Objective: Identify factors affecting the tax culture and solutions toimprove itMethod: The method used in this study is applicable, the type of data, quantitative and themethod of data collection, descriptive and correlational. Structural equation modeling (SEM)method for the analysis of the conceptual model is based on the research data analysissoftware LISREL 8. In two parts: confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural model. Inthe first part, the technical characteristics of the questionnaire with the reliability index,converged check and the second part of the structural coefficients were used to investigateour hypothesisFindings: The results show that one of the obstacles to the realization of income tax is thetax culture. Based on the results of familiarity with the rules, understand the people on theproper implementation of laws, a person familiar with the preferences, the process ofcollection, preservation and protection of the enforcement of law and respect of clients andtheir makers is an important issue affecting the formation of tax culture. The findings alsoshow that tax payers and law-makers do their job activities to be very important and equalmoral and religious values and tax crimes and violations of national and international knowthere's fitness taxConclusions: Our results indicate the positive and significant impact of knowledge of taxpayers satisfaction, job satisfaction, tax agents, will govern and, rule of law enforced onorganizational culture Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Theoretical investigation about the adsorption of the Sarin nerve agent on C20 fullerene and its boron-doped derivative
Morteza Rouhani -
Open Access Article
12 - The Effect of Different Auxiliary Collector in Flotation of Phosphate Ore
Melina Seyed Momen Makan Etefagh Amir Hassanjani Roshan Hassan Koohestani -
Open Access Article
13 - Ab initio Study of Simple Mg-Ene Reactions of Propenyl Magnesium Halides and Ethylene (Type-I Intermolecular Reaction)
Elahe Rajaeian Avat (Arman) Taherpour -
Open Access Article
14 - Kant, Dialogue and Morality
جرمی شرمرAfter briefly reviewing a well-known problem aboutKant’s ethics, a resolution is offered by way of an appeal to certainof Kant’s epistemological ideas. The resulting view – a version of adialogue-based approach – is explored, and a further resolu MoreAfter briefly reviewing a well-known problem aboutKant’s ethics, a resolution is offered by way of an appeal to certainof Kant’s epistemological ideas. The resulting view – a version of adialogue-based approach – is explored, and a further resolution isoffered by way of suggesting that the initial problem then becomesone which may be addressed empirically. While Kantian ideas areused to set the scene, and as a point of reference, the paper’sconcerns are with the view to which the argument leads, rather thanwith the exegesis of Kant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Examining the Incentive and Deterrent Factors of Agricultural Agents’ Skill Development
mansour tayouri Seyed Jamal Farajollah Hossein mohammad sadegh sabouriAbstract: The purpose of the present study is to recognize and explain the incentive and deterrent factors of agricultural agents’ skill development in Iran, using grounded theory. In this study, in order to gather data, a detailed interview was conducted on 18 t MoreAbstract: The purpose of the present study is to recognize and explain the incentive and deterrent factors of agricultural agents’ skill development in Iran, using grounded theory. In this study, in order to gather data, a detailed interview was conducted on 18 top agricultural agents. The main criterion to determine the sample size was to achieve theoretical saturation point. All the persons of the studied sample size were selected through a purposeful approach and snowball sampling method. Coding and analyzing the data were executed during three stages and finally, incentive and deterrent factors of agricultural agents’ skill development were determined. According to the results of this research, incentive factors of skill development, including procedural and structural design, precise determination of duties, authorities and the scope of performances, providing grounds, updating the program, bridging the gaps, evaluating the institutionalization and integrity of the program, and institution building and procedural and structural reconsideration, are procedural and deterrent factors of skill development, including policy, partnership, educational, human resources, support, infrastructure, environmental-organizational, psychological and supervisory factors. Keywords: incentive factor, deterrent factor, skill development, agents Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Identification of the Competencies Required for Urban Agriculture Extension Agents from the Perspective of Agricultural Extension Experts of Zanjan Province
Kolsoum Hamidi Jafar YaghoubUrban agriculture as the new strategy in the process of urban sustainable development and extension is one of the mechanisms of its development. Using efficient and capable manpower is essential for urban agricultural extension. The purpose of this study was to identify MoreUrban agriculture as the new strategy in the process of urban sustainable development and extension is one of the mechanisms of its development. Using efficient and capable manpower is essential for urban agricultural extension. The purpose of this study was to identify the competencies required for urban agriculture extension agents. Descriptive-survey method was used in this study. A questionnaire was used to collect the data. The validity of the questionnaire was approved by a panel of academic experts. Pre-test and calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficients were used to measure the reliability (0.90). Extension agents in Zanjan province formed the population of the study (N=168) and samples were selected using stratified random sampling (n=91). Using confirmatory factor analysis, the competencies required for urban agriculture extension agents were summarized in seven factors including: extension and education planning skills, Innovative and entrepreneurial responsibility, capabilities in ICT and educational technology and urban communication skills, high legal- administrative knowledge, experience and knowledge in education and adult learning, positive attitude to urban agriculture with up to date experience and knowledge and scientific ethics worthy. These factors explained 76.91% of the total variance. Result of F test showed that the views of experts on the first and sixth factor were significant, but the rest were not significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - The evaluation of antibacterial activity of TiO2 nanoparticles , EDTA and garlic on standard strain of Pseudomonas aeroginusa by microdilution method
مینا سعادت شهلا رودبارمحمدی رمضانعلی خاوری نژاد الهام تقویImportance of microbial contamination in food industrial is always important health problemespecially in high risk population such as children and old individual. TiO2 nanoparticles wereobtained through the hydrolysis of TiCl4 (Titanium tetrachloride).It was slowly adde MoreImportance of microbial contamination in food industrial is always important health problemespecially in high risk population such as children and old individual. TiO2 nanoparticles wereobtained through the hydrolysis of TiCl4 (Titanium tetrachloride).It was slowly added intodistilled water under constant rotation for 5 hours. This Solution was dried at the 80-100 0C andcalcinated at the 5500C. Size and type of these Nanoparticles were characterized by scanningelectron microscope (SEM) and X-Ray-: Diffraction (XRD) pseudomonas aeroginusa strain(ATCC 27853) were cultured on nutrient agar medium (NA) for 24h at 370C. Suspension byconcentration 1×106 cells/ml was prepared. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) test forTiO2 and EDTA and garlic were evaluated.Evaluation of Morphology and diameter of the TiO2 nanoparticles with SEM showed thatnanoparticles were spherical with diameter between 40-65nm. MIC of TiO2 and EDTA andgarlic on pseudomonas aeroginusa ATCC27853 were 2/2, 24/92 and 40 μg/ml respectively.In this study we synthesized the TiO2 nanoparticles with chemical method and showed that ithas antimicrobial activity compared with garlic, EDTA and positive control, so it couldeliminate Pseudomonas aeroginusa in field of food industrial specially in packaging. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Evaluation of Antioxidant and Chelating Activities of Ginger Extract
zahra kamali rosta maryam gharachorloo amirhosein elhami rad reza azizi nezhadIntroduction: Oxidation of oils and fats might be considered as the main factor affecting the quality of the food in general. This process might be controlled by the application of different methods and means. Antioxidants are regarded as a tool to achieve this aim. Alt MoreIntroduction: Oxidation of oils and fats might be considered as the main factor affecting the quality of the food in general. This process might be controlled by the application of different methods and means. Antioxidants are regarded as a tool to achieve this aim. Although the application of synthetic antioxidants due to their possible side effects might not be desirable, the application of natural antioxidants present in various food namely spices that have been consumed by man for years might be suitable alternatives. Therefore the aim of present investigation is to understand the antioxidant and chelating activities of chemical compounds present in ginger.Materials and Methods: Ginger extracts (Zingiber officinale Rosceo) were prepared by cold extraction using acetone and methanol as extracting solvents. Total phenolic compounds were determined and the extracts were added to tallow; a substrate free of natural antioxidants at concentrations of 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08 and 0.10 %. Peroxide value and induction period measurements were employed as means to determine the antioxidant activities of the extracts were compared to TBHQ, the synthetic antioxidant. The chelating activities of the extracts were determined by the application of copper in the form of 4-cyclohexyl butyric acid copper salt followed by the determination of peroxide value and induction period of the substrate.Results: The results indicated that the antioxidant activities of the extracts are concentration dependent and as concentration is increase better activity is observed. The acetone extract at 0.1% should a good activity ever better than the addition of 0.01% TBHQ. The acetone extract also exhibited chelating activity at 0.1%.Conclusion: Both methanol and acetone extracts of ginger exhibited antioxidant and chelating activities when added to tallow a substrate free of natural antioxidants Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Chelating Activities of Cinnamon Extract
Leila Kamali Roosta Mehrdad Ghavami Amir Hossein Elhami Rad Reza AzizinezhadIntroduction: Spices in addition to their flavor contribution are important sources of natural antioxidants. Therefore, due to the possible undesirable effects of synthetic antioxidants, the natural antioxidants that are present in fruits and vegetables and have been co MoreIntroduction: Spices in addition to their flavor contribution are important sources of natural antioxidants. Therefore, due to the possible undesirable effects of synthetic antioxidants, the natural antioxidants that are present in fruits and vegetables and have been consumed by man for years are preferred. In this project the antioxidant activity of cinnamon extract a popular spice used as a flavoring agent is evaluated.Materials and Methods: Acetone and methanolic extracts of cinnamon were obtained by the application of cold solvent method. Extraction efficiency was determined and total content of phenolic compounds were measured using Folin Ciocalteau method. Different concentrations of extracts at 0.02%, 0.04%, 0.06%, 0.08% & 0.1% were added to tallow a substrate free of natural antioxidant and the stabilities of the samples were determined. Peroxide value and induction period measurements were used as means to evaluate the antioxidant activities. The results were compared with a synthetic antioxidant; TBHQ at 0.01% concentration. The best concentration of extracts having antioxidant activity (0.1% concentration), was examined forchelation of copper metal in tallow as the substrate.Results: Extraction efficiency of cinnamon extract using methanol was higher than acetone, but the amount of phenolic compounds was higher when acetone was employed. The evaluation of the antioxidant activity of the extracts on tallow indicated that the activity was concentration dependent and the activity was increased as higher concentrations of the extracts were applied. The acetone extract at 0.1% concentration showed the highest activity after the synthetic antioxidant, TBHQ at 0.01% concentration. The addition of Cu in the formof its copper salt to tallow in combination with the extracts at 0.1% concentration indicated that these compounds might be regarded as chelating agents and the extract obtained by acetone was more effective in term of chelating property.Conclusion: Cinnamon extract in addition to the antioxidant activity, has chelating property on copper, and might be employed as a source of natural antioxidant and metal chelating agents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - The Chelating Effect of Black Tea Extract on Metals
Z. Nazari M. Gharachorloo A. H. ElhamiradIntroduction: The oxidation process in oils and fats and the speed of oxidation to someextent depends on the presence of prooxidants namely metals. The application of chelatingagents namely citric acid among others can retard this process. In this study the chelatingeff MoreIntroduction: The oxidation process in oils and fats and the speed of oxidation to someextent depends on the presence of prooxidants namely metals. The application of chelatingagents namely citric acid among others can retard this process. In this study the chelatingeffect of tea extract, tannic acid and citric acid are evaluated and compared to each other.Materials and Methods: Copper in the organic form at the concentration of 0.1 ppm wereadded to tallow, sunflower seed, canola and olive oils and then by the addition of 0.01% citricacid, 0.01% tannic acid and 0.1% tea extract the effect of chelation concerned with each oilhas been evaluated.Results: The results indicated that all the chemicals (citric and tannic acids) and tea extractadded have chelating effect on copper and increased the induction period of the oilsconcerned.Conclusion: It was concluded that tannic acid followed by tea extract and citric acid had thebest chelating effect on copper. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Physical Properties of Fermented Milk Tablets
Z. Barzegar M. Jahadi M. A. Hanifpour -
Open Access Article
22 - Estimating the amount of fuel consumption and air pollution caused by the traffic of buses rapid transit using agent-based modeling
rahman noormohammadi seyed mohammadali khatami firoozabadi akbar alamtabriz Reza Ehtesham Rasi amir daneshvarBackground and Objective: The increased traffic has been followed by many problems in metropolitans, the key of which is air pollution and excessive fuel consumption. Paying attention to public transportation, particularly the bus rapid transit (BRT) system is one of th MoreBackground and Objective: The increased traffic has been followed by many problems in metropolitans, the key of which is air pollution and excessive fuel consumption. Paying attention to public transportation, particularly the bus rapid transit (BRT) system is one of the measures that may be taken, since besides reducing social expenses, it may be very effective in declining air pollution. The main objective of the present research is to study the fuel consumption rate and the emissions rate of various air pollutants including CO2, CH4, and N2O gases in various scenarios of BRT system. Material and Methodology: Since traffic and congestion phenomena are complex and dynamic, it is very difficult and sometimes impossible to model them with common mathematical models. To this end, agent-based technologies, highly compatible with these characteristics, can be utilized. In the current research, BRT system’s performance, the fuel consumption rate, and the amount of air pollutants production are estimated using agent-based modeling. This study emphasizes what changes should be made in effective parameters such as bus speed and bus stop time at stations, as well as bus dispatch timing in order to control fuel consumption and reduce pollution factors. This research uses NetLogo software to code the model and run its simulation and considers three different scenarios in line one of BRT system in Tehran (Iran). Findings: following the analysis and comparison of different scenarios, suggestions are made to decline fuel consumption and air pollutants, such as minor changes in the parameters of bus stop times at stations as well as changes in the dispatch time of buses from the terminal in order to reduce fuel consumption and air pollution rates. The results indicate that one of the improved situations was related to the situation of increasing the bus dispatch time parameter and in the bridge scenario, CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions are 1458.6, 1.122, and 11.781, respectively, in one hour of peak passenger time. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the results, achieving the goal of reducing fuel consumption and air pollution rates is more suitable in the bridge scenario compared to the other two scenarios. Furthermore, if possible, it is suggested to build bridges at intersections with high traffic, or put the smart traffic light system on the agenda. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Investigation of Fenton Reagent Efficiency in Removal of Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide from Synthetic Solution
Mohammad Reza Samarghandi Mansor ZarrbiIndustrial and municipal wastewaters are the main sources which contaminate the surface water and groundwater. Application of detergent in industrial and domestic uses increases this substance in wastewater. Detergents are large organic molecules that are slightly MoreIndustrial and municipal wastewaters are the main sources which contaminate the surface water and groundwater. Application of detergent in industrial and domestic uses increases this substance in wastewater. Detergents are large organic molecules that are slightly soluble in water, highly toxic, responsible for foaming in wastewater treatment plants and making interference with wastewater treatment operations. A numorous methods yet have been applied for the removal of detergent. These methods include coagulation and flocculation, reverse osmosis, oxidation by ozone and advanced oxidation processes. This study investigates the removal of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide from synthetic solution by Fenton reagent as an easy and effective method. Experiments were conducted in several stages with 100 cc of synthetic sample and pH=4, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg/L of ferrous ions, 20, 30, 40 and 50 ml/L of hydrogen perocide in a batch reactor with contact time of 20, 40 and 60 min. Results showe that, in a batch system with acidic pH (pH=4), the removal of detergent increases with the increases of contact time, ferrous ions concentration and hydrogen peroxide. Therefore, in pH= 4, contact times of 60 min, and 20 mg/L of ferrous ions, Lthe removal efficiency increased from 54/5% to 89/5% by increase of hydrogen peroxide conventration from 20 ml/L to 50 ml/L. Finally, considering the simplicity and effectiveness of this method, it is be suggested to be used for the removal of detergent from municipal and industrial wastewaters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - A heterogeneous agent pricing model and simulation investor’s behavior on big decline on Tehran stock exchange
Mehdi Khoshnood Fraydoon Rahnamay RoodposhtiToday much behavioral finance researches focuses on heterogeneous agent model (HAM) and agent based modeling (ABM). The purposes of this article presentation of heterogeneous agent pricing model at big decline on Tehran stock exchange and simulation investor’s beh MoreToday much behavioral finance researches focuses on heterogeneous agent model (HAM) and agent based modeling (ABM). The purposes of this article presentation of heterogeneous agent pricing model at big decline on Tehran stock exchange and simulation investor’s behavior on agent based modeling framework with emphasis herd behavior and market sentiment. at first three big decline specified with several criterion : average of the share price indices , average value of the stock market turnover , average value of the stock market capitalization .according this three big decline are : 2005 ,2008 and 2013. Samples are the shares of companies that 40 days before and 40 days after was traded .then with MATLAB software code was writhed and simulation done. Finding show that HAM model can estimate investor’s behavior at big decline on Tehran stock exchange. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Agent-oriented modeling for credit risk analysis
Homa Azizi Mohammadali RastgavThe credit crisis in recent years has increased the focus on bank credit risk. This paper uses an agent based model (ABM) to investigate the impact of bankers’ credit decision actions on bank credit losses that are induced by lending to corporate clients. In this MoreThe credit crisis in recent years has increased the focus on bank credit risk. This paper uses an agent based model (ABM) to investigate the impact of bankers’ credit decision actions on bank credit losses that are induced by lending to corporate clients. In this model, we assume one bank give credit to corporate clients and divide corporate in two sectores: small and medium corporates and large corporates. The results show that credit decision actions have substantial effects on bank credit losses, thus implying that regulators should consider organizational factors as a complement to bank assets when assigning capital requirements to banks. The study also aims to point to a new area of application of ABMs for both researchers and practitioners. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Agent-based modeling in financial markets
Hamidreza Vakili fard Mehdi Khoshnood Heidar Foroughnejad Mohamad OsoolianAfter stabilization the two main paradigms of classical and behavioral finance in the second half of the twentieth century some problems s arose about the validity of researches such as Complexity of the behavior of investors , Retrospective data and limiting rules on t MoreAfter stabilization the two main paradigms of classical and behavioral finance in the second half of the twentieth century some problems s arose about the validity of researches such as Complexity of the behavior of investors , Retrospective data and limiting rules on the confidentiality of personal accounts and financial information to investors. This problem creates a new approach in the field of Financial Studies that is Agent – based modeling approach which is based on the concepts of artificial intelligence, simulation, and creating artificial financial market. In This paper will discuss the agent-based approach and its application in financial markets, most software for the creation of artificial financial markets and the use of agent-based models in the classical and behavioral finance. Based on the results of this research agent-based modeling approach beside of classical and behavioral finance paradigm can increase the accuracy and efficiency of the financial markets researches. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - A Comparative Study of Cadastre in Iranian Jurisprudence and with British Law
Shiva Mohamadi Saeid KheradmandyDetermining the boundaries of property is necessary in order to protect the civil rights of citizens as well as to protect public property. According to the laws approved in 1393 and 1395, our country has been required to measure all properties, which unfortunately has MoreDetermining the boundaries of property is necessary in order to protect the civil rights of citizens as well as to protect public property. According to the laws approved in 1393 and 1395, our country has been required to measure all properties, which unfortunately has not been fully implemented so far. This research has been done with the aim of comparative study of Iranian and British laws in the field of surveying. The unwritten law of the Commonwealth of England, based only on government approvals that have been in force for more than half a century, requires the surveying organization to have a comprehensive cadastre of all the country's property, both public, public and private, and only with strict cooperation. Performs the mapping and performs the mapping operation again after each transfer of ownership. In the sense that no responsibility has been assigned to the people, it is contrary to the sharia and legal responsibility of the people of our country who are required to limit their property. But in terms of technical and executive facilities, the UK's success in mapping all properties is admirable. It is recommended that the officials of our country take serious steps in order to properly implement the approved law. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Study of antioxidan and antimicrobial effects of aqueous and alcoholic extract of plant ( Lawsonia inermis, punica granatum, walnut, Myrtus) on gram positive and gram negative bacteria
simin khosravi zahra rezayatmand mozhgan ghiasianRecently , due to the resistance of bacterial pathogens to the detection of new antimicrobials, much attention has been paid. In the present study, the antimicrobial properties of four extracts of leafy leafy leaves, henna leaves, walnut shells and pomegranate peel on t MoreRecently , due to the resistance of bacterial pathogens to the detection of new antimicrobials, much attention has been paid. In the present study, the antimicrobial properties of four extracts of leafy leafy leaves, henna leaves, walnut shells and pomegranate peel on three gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Bacillus subtilis, and two gram-negative bacteria of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were studied. it placed. Antimicrobial effect of the alcoholic and aqueous extract of these plants was studied by diffusion and well discarding method by measuring the non-growth aura's diameter and the minimum inhibitory concentration was investigated by ELISA method. The results show that in two methods, diffusion discs and wells in alcoholic and aqueous extracts have the highest effect on Staphylococcus epidermidis bacterium and have the least effect on E. coli bacteria. The minimum amount of MIC for alcoholic extract is 31.25 and MBC 54.25 mg / ml, which is related to Escherichia coli bacteria. The results measurements of total phenolic compounds, flavonoids and tannins also indicate that the highest amount of this product is in the concentration of 500 mg / ml of the extract of plants. Also, the amount of antioxidant activity in the alcoholic extract is about twice as much as the aqueous extract. The results of this study indicate that the combination of extracts of plants, especially alcoholic extract, has a more antibacterial effect than the aqueous extract, which can be due to the presence of more antibacterial compounds in the extract. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - In Vitro Release Studies of Enoxaparin in Nanoparticle form and Enterically Coated Tablets Containing Surfactants
Orkide Ghorban Dadras Morvarid Goharzadeh Mohammad Reza Avadi Zahra Ghassemi Asal Mirmohammad Sadeghi -
Open Access Article
30 - One-pot Synthesis of 2-amino-4H-chromene Derivatives as Potential Antimicrobial Agents using DABCO-CuCl Complex as an Effective Catalyst
Bita Baghernejad Samaneh Koosha -
Open Access Article
31 - Preparation, Characterization and in vitro Release Studies of Enoxaparin in Nanoparticle form and Enterically Coated Tablets Containing Different Enhancers
Orkide Ghorban Dadras Morvarid Goharzadeh Mohammad Reza Avadi Assal Mir Mohammad Sadeghi -
Open Access Article
32 - A comparative study of the relationship between political parties and economic development: the case study of the development programs of the Pahlavi era and the Islamic revolution in Iran
susan khaleghi isa hasanzadeh Abbas Ali Talebi Mohammad Reza NaeimAs a comparative study of the relationship between political parties and economic development during the Pahlavi and after the Islamic revolution in Iran, this article deals with the course of economic and political developments in the form of development plans in order MoreAs a comparative study of the relationship between political parties and economic development during the Pahlavi and after the Islamic revolution in Iran, this article deals with the course of economic and political developments in the form of development plans in order to describe and analyze the relationship between parties as an indicator of political development and economic plans. In terms of methodology, the research is of a qualitative and analytical type, which is done in a documentary way. The Pahlavi II regime was interested in the party system of the state until a one-party system was established, and economic development was usually done with the consultation and supervision of the king. Civil and economic planning was also within the framework of the White Revolution and its nineteen-point charter and construction plans that were compiled by the Planning and Budget Organization, and the parties had no involvement in the planning system. During the Islamic Revolution, the country's development plans were compiled in the form of five-year plans, and the Program and Budget Organization was the main agent in preparing and compiling the plan. The Islamic Republic Party was the most comprehensive revolutionary and Islamic party, but due to the differences caused by the political attitude and orientation, it did not have an impact on the economic system. The reduced parties of the development programs were also ineffective. So that the most alignment and the best performance can be found in the third, first, second, fifth and fourth plans after revolution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - A comparative study of the relationship between political parties and economic development
Soosan Khaleghi Karsalari isa hasanzadeh Mohammad Reza Naeim Abbas Ali TalebiAs a comparative study of the relationship between political parties and economic development during the Pahlavi and after the Islamic revolution in Iran, this article deals with the course of economic and political developments in the form of development plans in order MoreAs a comparative study of the relationship between political parties and economic development during the Pahlavi and after the Islamic revolution in Iran, this article deals with the course of economic and political developments in the form of development plans in order to describe and analyze the relationship between parties as an indicator of political development and economic plans. In terms of methodology, the research is of a qualitative and analytical type, which is done in a documentary way. The Pahlavi II regime was interested in the party system of the state until a one-party system was established, and economic development was usually done with the consultation and supervision of the king. Civil and economic planning was also within the framework of the White Revolution and its nineteen-point charter and construction plans that were compiled by the Planning and Budget Organization, and the parties had no involvement in the planning system. During the Islamic Revolution, the country's development plans were compiled in the form of five-year plans, and the Program and Budget Organization was the main agent in preparing and compiling the plan. The Islamic Republic Party was the most comprehensive revolutionary and Islamic party, but due to the differences caused by the political attitude and orientation, it did not have an impact on the economic system. The reduced parties of the development programs were also ineffective. So that the most alignment and the best performance can be found in the third, first, second, fifth and fourth plans after revolution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Designing a conceptual framework for analyzing implemented curriculum in class from the perspective of “human as an agent” theory
behnaz Bahadori Zahra Niknam Nematollah Mousapour Khosrow Bagheri Noaparast,The purpose of this article is to present a conceptual framework for the analysis of implemented curriculum based on the human agent theory and the characteristics of elementary classrooms in order to provide grounds for the implementation of the aforementioned theory i MoreThe purpose of this article is to present a conceptual framework for the analysis of implemented curriculum based on the human agent theory and the characteristics of elementary classrooms in order to provide grounds for the implementation of the aforementioned theory in the classroom. The research was conducted in an inferential way by examining about forty sources related to the theory of human action. Forty-four principles resulted in six dimensions of "teacher's educational end", "teacher's knowledge", "Awareness of the student", "method", "content", "teacher-student emotional relationships". in the dimension of "teacher's educational end " six principles, in the "teacher 's knowledge" and the "Awareness of the student", each one of the principles in the dimension of "Method" teaching, evaluation, class management, encouragement and punishment and behavior with difficult students' components were found nine, four, nine, three and four principles. in the content dimension, four principles and in " teacher - student "emotional relationship" were mentioned three principles. If the teacher can act based on the principles derived from this article, he can cross the narrow border of the agent student and the confusion of the class; Because the first and most important challenge for teachers in the classroom is classroom management and how to implement the curriculum in practice. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - On the Applications and Techniques of Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks
mohsen Norouzi ali arshaghi navid Razmjooy Mohsen ashourian -
Open Access Article
36 - Development of a multi-agent recommender system for intelligent shopping assistants
Ramazan Teimouri Yansari Mojtaba AjoudaniIntroduction Due to the increasing volume and services available on the web, tools such as recommender systems in websites and applications that can help users find information and services of interest can be provided. For this reason, suitable guidance and suggestions MoreIntroduction Due to the increasing volume and services available on the web, tools such as recommender systems in websites and applications that can help users find information and services of interest can be provided. For this reason, suitable guidance and suggestions for users in different choices, according to the user's priorities in different areas of a specific position, have been provided. Method Recommender systems are information systems that assist in the decision-making process by modeling the behavior of users in operational environments in ranking, comparing, selecting and choose items by users, narrowing the information search through high-quality and accurate recommendations. In this research, a multi-agent recommender system is proposed as an intelligent shopping assistant in the process of buying suitable offers. The proposed model is used to analyze the sales data set of a UK-based store containing 1,067,371 records of online sales data. Results By simulating the proposed model, the results of applying the model to the relevant data were analyzed. The proposed model in this research was simulated in MATLAB software version 2022 and the results of applying the proposed model on the data related to the sale of an online shopping were analyzed. According to the results, in this evaluation, the accuracy of the proposed model was 91.5% on average, compared to the neural network model, it was 86.41%, compared to the KNN model, 78.32%, compared to the SOM Ensembles model, 74.38%, compared to the Global Top-N model, 69.78%, compared to the Weighted item-based model, 72.31%, and compared to The Naïve Bayesian model has an accuracy of 59.68%, a higher accuracy in the right suggestion to users. Discussion In this research, while studying recommender systems, the challenges in this field were examined and multi-agent systems were used to provide suggestions and recommendations with high accuracy and quality in ranking, comparison, selection and preferences of users' items in the decision-making process in operational environments. By combining multi-agent systems, multi-agent recommender systems were proposed that can provide suitable recommendations as a purchasing assistant in the purchasing process. The results of applying the proposed model on the data related to the purchase history of the customers of an online shopping showed that the proposed model has a good efficiency in evaluating the parameters used in comparison with the common methods in this property field. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Sampled-Data Flocking of Multi-Agent Systems Under the Cyber-Attack Problem
سحر یزدانیIntroduction: Flocking is a type of collective behavior which is observed in the nature. In the design of a flocking algorithm, it should be ensured connectivity of agents’ network and the collision avoidance, and velocities convergence of agents to that of virtual lead MoreIntroduction: Flocking is a type of collective behavior which is observed in the nature. In the design of a flocking algorithm, it should be ensured connectivity of agents’ network and the collision avoidance, and velocities convergence of agents to that of virtual leader. In practice due to the limitations in the measurement and control units, it is often impossible to ensure the continuity of information. Thus, the study of the flocking problem under the sampled data frameworks is indispensable. However, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, there are very few works on the sampled-data flocking. On the other hand, in many practical applications, the multi-agent systems are controlled through some communication networks. The transmitted data among agents could be easily exploited by adversaries due to the open network links among sensors, controllers and actuators. Since in practice often the attacks are capable to destroy a number of edges within the network or cause to collide among agents, the study of networked system under the cyber-attacks is very important. In the cyber-attacks, successful but recoverable attacks have attracted more attention. Successful attacks refer to a class of attacks by which the network is broken dow n into a group of isolated clusters. Recoverable attacks refer to a class of attacks that the network can recover from after a period of time. In this paper, we study the sampled-data flocking of multi-agent systems under the successful but recoverable network attacks. Method: Here, defining a new discrete-time energy function we prove the asymptotic velocity convergence of agents to the velocity of virtual leader. Then, through the upper bound of the energy function, we find an upper bound for the sampling period such that the connectivity of network is preserved and collision is avoided, and also, the velocity convergence is ensured. After that, we modify the algorithm for application in cyber-attacks. Results: We show that under our proposed sampled-data algorithm, no link is lost from initial network, no collision is occurred among agents, and the velocity convergence of agents to that of virtual leader is ensured. Also, demonstrate the proposed algorithm is applicable for the flocking under the attack problem. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Decentralized Agent-Based Protection Coordination for Distribution Networks with Renewable Distributed Generations using Intelligent Electronic Devices
Majid Rostamnia Mohammad Sadegh Rostamnia Ehsan Heydarian-Forushani Seyed Fariborz Zarei Seyed Hossein HosseinianBy increasing the penetration level of renewable distributed generations and increasing the size of the distribution networks, the more number of agent-based protection systems with its communication infrastruture will be used. Such systems play a vital role in the prot MoreBy increasing the penetration level of renewable distributed generations and increasing the size of the distribution networks, the more number of agent-based protection systems with its communication infrastruture will be used. Such systems play a vital role in the protection system to detect the faults and maintain the protection coordination. Despite the fast and reliable nature of multi-agent systems, there is a possibility of poor performance especially in protection coordination schemes with heavy communication load. For this purpose, this paper presents an intelligent self-healing method under fault conditions, which provides the protection coordination in a single control level without dependence on a higher communication level. The decentralized performance of the proposed scheme is expressed by using intelligent electronic devices and distributed communication. Accordingly, the coordination is done using the high-speed point-to-point communication capability of the IEC-61850 GOOSE protocol. Also, to avoid power outages due to the protection system malfunction, an algorithm independent of DG peneration and based on GOOSE message service mechanism is proposed, which does not need a central processor. Finally, the performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated under different scenarios in a practical distribution network using ETAP software environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - An Intelligent Multi-Agent Based Approach for Protecting Distribution Networks
Danial Alibeigi Ehsan Abbaspour Bahador Fani Haidar SametNowadays, the presence of distributed generations has made traditional networks into dynamic state. Current flow fluctuation, increment of fault current and as a result loss of coordination and also error in relays operation in safe sections in the network have been amo MoreNowadays, the presence of distributed generations has made traditional networks into dynamic state. Current flow fluctuation, increment of fault current and as a result loss of coordination and also error in relays operation in safe sections in the network have been among the problems due to using these generations. Finding solution for these problems has always been challenging over the years. The purpose of this paper is to suggest a new solution in the study of protection system operation in electrical energy networks by using intelligent electronic equipment with communication protocols at the level of distribution networks. In recent years, telecommunications platform and intelligent equipment usage has provided a platform that has been able to show its effectiveness against network sudden changes. Multi-Agent system is the name of this communication platform that has been able to pioneer the beginning of a fundamental change in the design of protection systems in electrical energy networks by using a new scheme. These systems have shown that they have not been without problems and in some cases have caused problems for the network. In the proposed approach, the multilayer structure of the multi-agent system will be broken and the surfaces will be independent of each other. Unlike the typical multi-agent system protection method, protection settings at the moment of fault are not calculated for the entire network. This problem, which has not been seen in previous methods, also removes a large load density from the central unit and increases the operating speed and reliability of the protection system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - MAS Based Intelligent Protection Coordination Scheme for Distribution Network with Distributed Generation
Mahmoud Hojjati Majid Tavoosi Mohammad Reza Yousefi Ghazanfar Shahgholian Ali Reza seifiThe rapid growth of grid-connected embedded distributed generations (DGs) is changing the operational characteristics of distribution networks (DNs). In order to implement DNs with DGs, some challenges should be faced, especially concerning protection issues, that may m MoreThe rapid growth of grid-connected embedded distributed generations (DGs) is changing the operational characteristics of distribution networks (DNs). In order to implement DNs with DGs, some challenges should be faced, especially concerning protection issues, that may make conventional protection schemes ineffective. MAS techniques can enable the power grid to becomes smarter, reliable, selfhealing, and robust. Its decentralized nature and operational robustness make the MAS application a leading technology. Despite the fast, reliable and multi-purpose operation of MAS-based protection schemes, the inherent delay or failure of communication system must not affect the vital role of fault clearing, i.e., the ever-increasing DGs in DNs as well as network size increase has resulted in a heavy communication burden yielding to delay or even failure in communication. In this paper, an Intelligent protection algorithm is presented that protect the grid, when the connection between agents is lost, by using point-to-point communication between relay agents in the first layer of the MAS. Reduction of the agents used and no need to connect to the higher layers of the MAS are the benefits of this method. For simulation, 16 bus Test DN is used, that The results confirm the applicability of the proposed model for grid protection coordination. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Investigating the Components of Discourse of Social Agents in Attar’s Tazkerat al-Owliya Based on the Mystical Role of Fazil bin Ayyaz and The Emphasis on Van Leeuwen's Model
Fereshteh NaseriAmong the works of mystical literature, Tazkerat al-Owliya, as one of the valuable works of Attar Neyshabouri to deal with the situations, thoughts and speeches of mystics and Sufi elders allocates a wide range of social relations. Attar's emphasis on this issue causes MoreAmong the works of mystical literature, Tazkerat al-Owliya, as one of the valuable works of Attar Neyshabouri to deal with the situations, thoughts and speeches of mystics and Sufi elders allocates a wide range of social relations. Attar's emphasis on this issue causes social agents to display their work in different ways. These representations are purposeful and in order to instill Attar's mystical ideology on the audience. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the discourse of Fazil bin Ayyaz based on Van Leeuwen's model and to examine the representation of social agents in it. Since Attar in this story seeks to transcend knowledge and show the spiritual status of Fazil by fading the discourse system of the thief and the ruler and also highlighting the discourse system of the mystic; Therefore, the analysis of Fazil's discourse as a discourse arising from the social strata of mystics at that time reveals new results. Therefore, in the present study, we decided to express the relationship between activations and passivations of social agents, to find out how Attar, in a stylistic creativity, familiarize the audience with the names of individuals, groups, places and times that social agents have an active role in it and what measures have been taken to determine the role and activation of social agents regarding the action of Fazil ibn Ayyaz and to make passive about the action of his followers, especially Harun al-Rasheed. This issue will be conducted with a literary and mystical analysis approach. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Efficacy of some fungal and bacterial bioagents against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri on chickpea
Hesamedin RamezaniThe efficacy of four fungal bioagents viz., Trichoderma hamatum, Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma viride, Gliocladium virens and two bacterial bioagents namely Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis were evaluated against the chickpea vascular wilt pathogen, Fu MoreThe efficacy of four fungal bioagents viz., Trichoderma hamatum, Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma viride, Gliocladium virens and two bacterial bioagents namely Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis were evaluated against the chickpea vascular wilt pathogen, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri in vitro condition using Dual Culture Technique. Among the fungal bioagents, T. harzianum produced the maximum inhibition zone of 17 mm compared to the minimum of 7 mm by T. hamatum. There was no significant difference between the inhibition zones produced by P. fluorescens and B. subtilis. Soil application of talc- based formulation of T. harzianum, P. fluorescens and G. virens effectively controlled the vascular wilt of chickpea under field condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Evaluating the Performance of an Ambidextrous Bank Using an Agent-based Modeling Approach: A Case Study of Sepah Bank
Farzaneh Jahanseir Khararoudi Adel Azar Tooraj Karimi -
Open Access Article
44 - Study on biology and distribution of biocontrol agents of the knapweed Acroptilon repens L. in South Khorasan and introduction of Metzneria paucipunctella (Zeller, 1839) (Lep.: Gelechiidae) for Iran
B. Khalil Tahmasbi S. Moodi Gh. Zamani GH. Assadi M. T. AlebrahimDuring 2011 and 2012, field studies were conducted in different parts of the South of khorasan, where contaminated to Russian knapweed to find its natural enemies. Three insect species Urophora xanthippe (Dip.: Tephritidae) and Metzneria paucipunctella Zeller (Lep.: Gel MoreDuring 2011 and 2012, field studies were conducted in different parts of the South of khorasan, where contaminated to Russian knapweed to find its natural enemies. Three insect species Urophora xanthippe (Dip.: Tephritidae) and Metzneria paucipunctella Zeller (Lep.: Gelechiidae) and Acanthiophilus helianthi Rossi, 1794 (Dip.: Tephritidae( were identified. M. paucipunctella (Zeller, 1839) (Lep. Gelechiidae) is introduced for the first time for Iran and U. xanthippe (Munro, 1934) for the first time for fauna of Khorasan. Results showed that overwintering larvae of U. xanthippe become pupae in early May and converted to adult after 7/13 (d). Adults emerge from pupae and mate after 3 (h) with no feeding. Due to the high potential of head flies in reducing the number of seeds and also due to the limited host range of the knapweed, the insect can be used in biological control of knapweed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - The Analysis of Mobile Phone Consumers’ Behavior by Combining System Dynamics (SD) and Agent-based Modelling (ABM)
Navid Nadimi Abbas Toloie Eshlaghy -
Open Access Article
46 - A Genetic Algorithm with Modified Crossover Operator for a Two-Agent Scheduling Problem
Maziyar Yazdani Fariborz Jolai -
Open Access Article
47 - Agent-Based Model Developed to Assess Supply Chain Agility (Case Study: Institute of Higher Education, Science and Research Branch of Tehran)
Shahrzad Tayyaran Abbass Toloie-Eshlaghy Reza Radfar Ali Reza Purebrahimi -
Open Access Article
48 - Synthesis of new coumarin based acetohydrazones, their correspounding oxadiazoles and oxadiazolines, and the investigation of their antibacterial activity
Narjes Baharvand Enayatollah Mottaghinejad Mohsen Sargordan Fardarani Hosseini Doust -
Open Access Article
49 - Using conceptual modelling in Agent-based simulation for allocating organization jobs to employees
Alireza Moumivand adel azar Abbass Toloie AshlaghiThe present paper introduces a model by investigating studies that have applied Agent-Based Modelling to improve organization system problems. The model is made of two parts (a conceptual model and an Agent-based model) and their interactions. The conceptual model struc MoreThe present paper introduces a model by investigating studies that have applied Agent-Based Modelling to improve organization system problems. The model is made of two parts (a conceptual model and an Agent-based model) and their interactions. The conceptual model structures the simulation by determining input, output, modelling activities, and system boundaries. Then, the computer model based on the validated and verified conceptual model was built. For practical application of the model, employees’ dissatisfaction of OG companies over promotion system was modeled. Regarding the agent based simulation of promotion process, modelling team with multiple perspectives involving managers, employees, and modelers suggest three scenarios to address the problem. The first scenario suggests financial compensation for employees; the second scenario recommends one grade increase in all the company job-grades; and the last scenario is a combination of them. The results of this investigation indicate that by implementing the first, second and third scenarios the overall dissatisfaction of the company will decrease 57, 42, and 78% over 10 years respectively. Finally, the modelling team proposes the last scenario for implementing in company. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Study Barriers to Implementation of Industrial Clusters in the State of East Azerbaijan
Alireza Bafandeh Zendeh Amir Bairami HajilariThe current study has been conducted to evaluate barriers to implementing industrial clusters in East Azerbaijan province. In order to achieve the above objective, 3 questions were raised. The research method has been Descriptive and the statistical population included MoreThe current study has been conducted to evaluate barriers to implementing industrial clusters in East Azerbaijan province. In order to achieve the above objective, 3 questions were raised. The research method has been Descriptive and the statistical population included all managers of small and medium-sized enterprises and industrial clusters of East Azerbaijan province that includes five clusters: Tabriz leather shoes, car parts, furniture, appliances and Tabriz stone. The statistical sample was determined by using Cochran formula and Stratified Random Sampling, which were 334. A questionnaire was used to collect data that assessed and verified the reliability and validity. Radio test, Kruskal–Wallis test and Friedman test was used to analyze the data. The results show barriers to implementation of industrial clusters are on the 3 areas: Development factor, Supporter institutions, and Cluster members. The studies revealed all three areas are equally important. Also, Kruskal-Wallis test results show that there is the difference between the barriers to implementing cluster in different groups. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - A Survey on the Critical Success Factors in Executing the Industrial Clusters Development Plan
Morteza Daraei Esfandiar Mohammadi Kiumars AhmadiThis study aimed to examine the key success factors in the implementation of the industrial cluster development in the country. Study sample size was 107 individuals randomly chosen from the population of these regions. The sample was calculated by using Cochran formula MoreThis study aimed to examine the key success factors in the implementation of the industrial cluster development in the country. Study sample size was 107 individuals randomly chosen from the population of these regions. The sample was calculated by using Cochran formula. Instruments included a questionnaire which its face validity was confirmed by a panel of experts and experienced instructors. The reliability of the four items of the questionnaire was 78.1%, 88.1%, 72.3% and 80.6%, respectively. Data from the completed questionnaires, using Win/SPSS version 21 of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test statistics, descriptive and analytical statistics to assess the normality of the data, a Friedman test to rank the items in the single-sample t-test comparison was used to test the hypotheses and answer questions. Results showed that the variables associated with the cluster development agent, broker organizations and support institutions, business environment and development of clusters of clusters with the successful implementation of development programs is a positive and significant correlation. These variables can affect the success of the development of industrial clusters. These factors have also been linked to prioritize items. It was found that no matter how the scales will rise above and be evaluated from the perspective of people over the clusters will also increase the success rate of development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Identify the factors affecting the creation of innovative behavior in students (Case Study: Islamic Azad Universities of Mazandaran Province)
Farnia Amoli Nasser Abbaszadeh Mohammad ali HosseiniBackground: The context of students' innovative behaviors can play an effective role in the movement and dynamism of the university. As a result, identifying the factors affecting it can solve the problems facing the higher education system.Purpose: The aim of this stud MoreBackground: The context of students' innovative behaviors can play an effective role in the movement and dynamism of the university. As a result, identifying the factors affecting it can solve the problems facing the higher education system.Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify the factors affecting the development of innovative behaviors in students.Method: This research In terms of purpose, it is an application that was done with a mixed approach (qualitative and quantitative) with the exploratory design. In the qualitative section, the qualitative content analysis method was used with inductive approach and in the quantitative section, the descriptive-survey method was used.Participants in the qualitative section were faculty members of Islamic Azad universities of Mazandaran province and the statistical population in the quantitative section included students of Islamic Azad universities of Mazandaran province.Sampling method in qualitative section targeted In terms of type theoretical used with 12 people and in a quantitative section was a stratified random sampling in which 382 people were selected as a statistical sample for the study. The research data collection tool In qualitative section semi-structured interview and in quantitative section questionnaire made Was. The validity and reliability of the research data collection tools were confirmed, the data analysis was performed in the qualitative part through open coding and in the quantitative part through exploratory factor analysis in SPSS21 software.Results: The results showed that the factors affecting the creation of innovative behavior are three organizational factors (organizational structure, organizational culture, financial and human resources, university policy and core group), educational (teaching method, Educational content and university professors) and individual (effort and perseverance, motivation and personality traits).Organizational dimension with a factor load of 0.941 has the largest share and individual dimension with a factor load of 0.752 has is the lowest share.Conclusion: The results showed that students' innovative behaviors are influenced by various factors. These factors are spread in three major areas: organizational, educational and individual. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Polymer Additives
Mandana Zormand Peyman RajaeiPolymer additives have shown significant impacts on packaging materials. Enhancements in polymer performance have paved the way for new and innovative production methods. Diverse additives offer processing and production improvements. Plastic additives have a small shar MorePolymer additives have shown significant impacts on packaging materials. Enhancements in polymer performance have paved the way for new and innovative production methods. Diverse additives offer processing and production improvements. Plastic additives have a small share in plastic materials, yet they profoundly affect the quality of plastic products. Due to distinct processing methods and usage conditions, various types of plastics require different and varying amounts of additives. The main objective of incorporating additives into plastics is to enhance processing performance, increase efficiency, and decrease costs. The present paper examines the historical growth of polymer additives, their different categories, and their significance. While there are various types of additives, this study focuses on those enhancing processing capabilities and improving polymers’ functional properties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Adding Fault Tolerance to MaSE Methodology for Multi-Agent Systems
Mohammad Hossein DavarpourMany software applications today are designed based on multi-agent concept. These applications which need to work non-stop and continuos for a long period are prone to errors. Therefore, they are required to be fault tolerant as much as possible. Most of fault-tolerant MoreMany software applications today are designed based on multi-agent concept. These applications which need to work non-stop and continuos for a long period are prone to errors. Therefore, they are required to be fault tolerant as much as possible. Most of fault-tolerant methods provided for multi-agent systems are based on replicating the number of agents which leads to more complexity in these systems. In this paper we used task replication along with increasing numbers of agents in MaSE methodology to have a reliable architecture with high fault tolerante capability for multi-agent systems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Supporting Security in Software Development Phases for Prometheus Methodology
Mohammad Hossein Davarpour Mohammad AhmadiniaWhile security is a key feature in development of complex softwares and multi-agent systems, there are few works around this subject, especially in adding security to agent-oriented software methodologies. This paper adds an extention to Prometheus methodology so it can MoreWhile security is a key feature in development of complex softwares and multi-agent systems, there are few works around this subject, especially in adding security to agent-oriented software methodologies. This paper adds an extention to Prometheus methodology so it can cover security concerns in different phases of agent-oriented software development. To this end, we define the required security concepts and then integrate them in different phases of Prometheus methodology. The functionality of this extention is explained using a HMIS as a case study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Study of essential oil components of Zingiber officinale Essence and comparison of its anti-microbial property with Chlorhexidine Mouthwash on some Bacteria that cause Oral Infections
Nima Mohammad Nejad Khiavi Hojjat Eghbal Neda Jahani Arezou Mohammadi Mehdi Ahmadi Sabegh zohreh Ghzi tabatabaei Amir Kishizadeh MazraejahanGinger (Zingiber officinale) is one of the indigenous medicinal plants of Iran and its antibacterial effects have been proven in some researches. In this research, the antibacterial effect of Ginger essence and comparison with chlorhexidine on some of common oral infect MoreGinger (Zingiber officinale) is one of the indigenous medicinal plants of Iran and its antibacterial effects have been proven in some researches. In this research, the antibacterial effect of Ginger essence and comparison with chlorhexidine on some of common oral infection bacteria was studied. The essential oil of Ginger was extracted by Clevenger's apparatus, GC and GC/MS devices were used for analysis of essential oil compounds and accurate measurements of the compounds. The effect of the essential oil of the Ginger and control on the common bacteria of the oral infection were evaluated using two methods: Disc deffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The results of antimicrobial tests showed that ginger had a significant inhibitory effects on a variety of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. It was also found that the essential oil of this medicinal plant, in terms of antimicrobial properties, showed relatively similar results to chlorhexidine mouthwash. Ginger essential oil had been shown to have good antimicrobial effects against common bacteria in oral infections. As a result, the essential oil of this plant with different concentrations, after completing studies, can be an appropriate alternative for chemical drugs and chemical mouthwashes in the treatment of oral bacterial infections. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Coordination Approach to Find Best Defense Decision with Multiple Possibilities among Robocup Soccer Simulation Team
Ashkan Keshavarzi Nader Zare -
Open Access Article
58 - Utilizing Generalized Learning Automata for Finding Optimal Policies in MMDPs
Samaneh Assar Behrooz Masoumi -
Open Access Article
59 - A New Multi-Agent Bat Approach for Detecting Community Structure in Social Networks
Saeed Alidoost Behrooz Masoumi -
Open Access Article
60 - Improving Agent Performance for Multi-Resource Negotiation Using Learning Automata and Case-Based Reasoning
Monireh Haghighatjoo Behrooz Masoumi Mohamad Reza Meybodi -
Open Access Article
61 - Identifying the Effective Factors of Corporate Investment in the R & D Department
Meghdad Haji Mohammadalijahromi Soleyman Allah VirdiCalhoryThe main objective of this paper is to investigate the factors influencing the investment of companies in the research and development sector. The factors considered in this study as independent variables include tangible resources, intangible resources, financial facto MoreThe main objective of this paper is to investigate the factors influencing the investment of companies in the research and development sector. The factors considered in this study as independent variables include tangible resources, intangible resources, financial factors, market factors, as well as the presence of international companies in the country as an intermediary variable. The research method in this research is applied in terms of applied and descriptive-survey nature and the statistical population selected in this study is all active companies in Takestan industrial towns. The results show that market factors (intensity of competition, complexity of the environment), tangible resources (size of organization and structural capital), intangible resources (manpower, reputation and business resources), and ultimately financial factors (financial independence and profitability of the company) The title of effective factors is the key to deciding on investment in research and development. The results show that the presence of international companies in Iran after the imposition of sanctions and the elimination of sanctions as a mediating variable in terms of intensity of competition does not have a significant effect on directors' decision making on investing in research and development, but the effect of this mediator variable is Then, the impact of environmental complexity on investment decisions on research and development is meaningful. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - A Review of Three Decades Using Agent-Based Modelling and Simulation in Marketing and Consumer Behavior
Zahra Sadeqi-Arani Omid Roozmand -
Open Access Article
63 - Outsourcing or Insourcing of Transportation System Evaluation Using Intelligent Agents Approach
isa nakhaei kamalabadi parham azimi mohammad varmaghani -
Open Access Article
64 - Designing Solvable Graphs for Multiple Moving Agents
Ellips Masehian Farzaneh Daneshzand -
Open Access Article
65 - Teleology and Feasibility of Social Development in Iran
Zohre Shahbazi mehdi mobaraki Najme MostafaviThis paper argues that in Iran social development is put on a par with associated concepts like social policy, human development and fighting poverty and discrimination; and still residual approach is exercised to explore it. It seems that this fallibility is rooted in MoreThis paper argues that in Iran social development is put on a par with associated concepts like social policy, human development and fighting poverty and discrimination; and still residual approach is exercised to explore it. It seems that this fallibility is rooted in distorted perceptions of ontology, teleology and feasibility applied in social development and lack of unanimity on how to deal with them. This study tries to scrutinize true potentials of social development in large-scale plans and laws practiced in Iran to facilitate the feasibility of social development and delineate ontology and teleology of this concept. Doing so, congruencies with international approaches are clarified. Returning a unanimous verdict among scholars and policy-makers, guidelines to terminate social and structural regression are discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - The simplicity of agents and the stability of the political system (Quranic principles and narration of Imam Khomeini's thought)
df df sg rr fdf dffAbstract: In the Holy Quran, much emphasis has been placed on simple biological necessity. From the point of view of the Holy Quran, a simple life, on the one hand, leads to self-health, piety, empathy, cooperation with the deprived and the oppressed, and taking care of MoreAbstract: In the Holy Quran, much emphasis has been placed on simple biological necessity. From the point of view of the Holy Quran, a simple life, on the one hand, leads to self-health, piety, empathy, cooperation with the deprived and the oppressed, and taking care of their affairs. Extravagance and worldliness and the resulting worldliness are the main causes of neglect, play and forgetting God, and oppression and violation of the rights of others will be its natural consequences. As a result, according to the divine law, the destruction of societies that are affected by this method and behavior and insist on it. As a result of this Qur'anic insight and teaching, the narrations, sayings, hadiths and practical and theoretical life of the Infallibles (AS) are full of dealing with the worldly and otherworldly benefits and benefits of living simply and condemning and condemning luxury, worldliness, pride and arrogance. .Imam Khomeini, who was fully acquainted with Islamic teachings, by using these Quranic teachings and narrations, always in his practical and theoretical life, on the one hand, lived a simple life and avoided luxuries and pride, and on the other hand, With a very obvious concern from the beginning of the establishment of the Islamic Republic of Iran to the government officials, political agents, incumbents and senior managers of the Islamic Republic of Iran emphatically on maintaining a simple life and humility and avoiding luxury and welfare And in their own words, Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - The effect of fish powder using on wood plastic composite biodegradability
ali kazemiAs the use of wood plastic composites (WPC) in various industries has increased significantly and due to the high importance of environmental issues in industry and research and the fact that products made of petroleum polymers have too little biodegradability, it is im MoreAs the use of wood plastic composites (WPC) in various industries has increased significantly and due to the high importance of environmental issues in industry and research and the fact that products made of petroleum polymers have too little biodegradability, it is important to conduct research to improve and solve this environmental problem. Due to the high amount of volatile nitrogen, low quality fish powder is not used in the industry, and as a result, it can be use as cheap and biodegradable filler in wood plastic. In this research, the effect of fish powder amount, substrate type, and coupling agent (MAPE) amount on the physical characteristics of wood-plastic composite was investigated. The results showed that by increasing fish powder amount and decreasing coupling agent amount, the highest amount of degradability is obtained. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Occurrence of liver abscesses and identification of bacterial etiology in cattle carcasses of Tabriz abattoir
منصور Khakpour بهرام Amoghli Tabrizi عارف Alinasab The aim of this survey was to determine the occurrence of liver abscesses and identification of associated bacterial etiology in cattle carcasses of Tabriz industrial abattoir. A total of 355 cattle carcasses were inspected for the presence of liver abscess More The aim of this survey was to determine the occurrence of liver abscesses and identification of associated bacterial etiology in cattle carcasses of Tabriz industrial abattoir. A total of 355 cattle carcasses were inspected for the presence of liver abscesses. In the case of liver abscess presence, some characteristics of the carcasses were recorded; such as cattle’s age, gender, pregnancy and also abscesses’ characteristics (i.e., number, size and location of abscesses on liver). Abscesses as whole, were sampled and kept cold until microbiological examinations. Microbial analysis was performed on samples and cultures were incubated at aerobic, anaerobic and microaerophilic atmospheres. From 355 cattle carcasses, liver abscess was found in 28 (7.8%). Among positive results, 22 (78.57%) of livers had only 1, while 6 (21.42%) had 2 or more abscesses. Fusobacterium necrophorum was isolated from 15 (53.57%) and Arcanobacterium pyogenes from 10 (35.71%) of abscesses. According to the results of this study, Fusobacterium necrophorum was found as the most frequent bacterial causative agent of cattle liver abscess in Tabriz industrial abattoir, while Arcanobacterium pyogenes was considered as the second most frequent agent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Foreign Defendants: A Delphi study on the causes of underwater flooding in Ardabil province
Farshad Movaffagh Samad Abedini Robabe Pourjabali -
Open Access Article
70 - Role of Fuzzy Sets on Artificial Intelligence Methods: A literature Review
Cengiz Kahraman Sezi Onar Basar Oztaysi Selcuk CebiMachines can model and improve the human minds capabilities through artificial intelligence. One of the most popular tools of artificial intelligence is fuzzy sets, which can capture and model the vagueness and impreciseness in human thoughts. This paper, first of all, MoreMachines can model and improve the human minds capabilities through artificial intelligence. One of the most popular tools of artificial intelligence is fuzzy sets, which can capture and model the vagueness and impreciseness in human thoughts. This paper, first of all, introduces the recent extensions of ordinary fuzzy sets and then presents a literature review on the integration of fuzzy sets with other artificial intelligence techniques such as automated reasoning, autonomous agents, multi-agent systems, machine learning, case-based reasoning, deep learning, information reasoning, information representation, natural language processing, symbolic reasoning, and neural networks. Graphical illustrations of literature review results are presented for each of these integrated artificial intelligence techniques. The results of a patent search on fuzzy artificial intelligence are also given. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Improvement Impact Manufacturing Parameteres of Aluminum Foams
Masoud Golestanipour Amir Izadpanahi Armin Dehnavi Mahdi Kavyani -
Open Access Article
72 - A Study on the Quasi-static Compression Behavior of 5056 Aluminum Alloy Foams
Sadegh Soltani Hamed Deilami Azodi Seyed Hossein Elahi -
Open Access Article
73 - Investigation of Parameters Effect on the Size and Morphology of Copper Nanoparticles using Various Reducing Agents
Maryam Mohammadpour Samad Sabbaghi Zahra Manafi -
Open Access Article
74 - The Relationship between Dimensions of Student Engagement and Language Learning Motivation Among Iranian EFL Learners
Yahya Ghelichli Seyyed Hassan Seyyedrezaei Ghasem Barani Omid Mazandarani -
Open Access Article
75 - Design an Intelligent Multi-agent Computer-aided System for Recommender Systems
Ramazan Teimouri Yansari Mojtaba Ajoudani Seyed Reza Mosayyebi -
Open Access Article
76 - Agent-based Simulation of Entry and Exit of Production Firms in Supplier-Dominated Industries
Zahra Asadollahi Sohi Hossein RaghfarThis article explores how different factors influence the number and dynamics of firms in supplier-dominated industries. These industries are typically traditional, small, and depend on external suppliers for innovation. The article uses a hybrid simulation of system dy MoreThis article explores how different factors influence the number and dynamics of firms in supplier-dominated industries. These industries are typically traditional, small, and depend on external suppliers for innovation. The article uses a hybrid simulation of system dynamics and agent-based modeling to capture the realistic assumptions that firms do not have complete market information and make decisions based on simple heuristics and past and current conditions. The article conducts experiments to examine how initial conditions, machine life, economic parameters, producer optimism, production growth rate, and demand elasticity affect the entry and exit patterns and the number of firms in the industry. The article uses variables such as the time to reach the peak number of firms, the number of firms at the peak, and the number of firms at the end of the simulation period to represent the shape of the industry distribution. The experiments show that the initial number of firms, demand elasticity, machine life, and financial resources have the most significant effects on the distribution shape, while other factors such as economic growth also have some nonlinear effects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Inflation Persistency in Iran with the Heterogeneous Approach of Economic Agents in Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium Models
Mansour Khalili Araghi yazdan gudarzi farahaniThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the inflation persistency regarding the heterogeneous behavior of economic agents. For this, the data were used from 1991-2015 based on seasonal data and Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium models. The innovation of this pa MoreThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the inflation persistency regarding the heterogeneous behavior of economic agents. For this, the data were used from 1991-2015 based on seasonal data and Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium models. The innovation of this paper is Calvo pricing assumption regarding the lag in inflation rate and indexing parameter in which inflation persistency conditions computing will be more relevant to Iran’s economy. The results showed that inflation expectations have a major role in inflation rate formation so that even if the inflation rate declines it will occur in a longer time due to inflation persistency. It, was cleared the prices have less reaction ability in relation to inflation persistency. It is suggested to the monetary authorities by considering the domestic inflation targeting rule in addition to inflation control, they stabilize the domestic production in the natural level in which it is required the monetary authorities to have credibility in views of economic agents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - Simulation of Heterogeneous Inflation Expectations in Iran
saeed isazadeh habib morovat omid sharifiIn this paper by considering importance of inflation expectations, its formation quality has investigated by regarding heterogeneous economic agents and by factor based computing model, expected inflation in Iran economy has simulated with lest forecasting error squares MoreIn this paper by considering importance of inflation expectations, its formation quality has investigated by regarding heterogeneous economic agents and by factor based computing model, expected inflation in Iran economy has simulated with lest forecasting error squares during 1979-2013. On the base of the assumptions, individuals have been divided into two groups with extroverted and regressive to trend expectations in which the ratio of these groups can change over time. The results show that the economic agents with extroverted inflationary expectations have an important role in inflation durability and changing the behavioral parameters of economic agents affects inflation expectation. Therefore, because of the possibility of endogenous dynamism mobility in the model, it is better that Policy-makers notice to the condition of inflationary expectations change in making polices. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - Adaptive Fault Compensation Approach for Uncertain Multi Agent Systems
Shohre Sharifian Mahnaz HashemiIn this paper, the compensation controller approach is investigated for uncertain nonlinear multi agent systems. The dynamics of each of the agents includes uncertainties. Meanwhile, the exchange of the information between the agents is done under directed and fixed gra MoreIn this paper, the compensation controller approach is investigated for uncertain nonlinear multi agent systems. The dynamics of each of the agents includes uncertainties. Meanwhile, the exchange of the information between the agents is done under directed and fixed graphs. In this design, nonlinear control method is used to design nonlinear backstepping controller. The systems uncertainties are approximated by using the adaptive control method. To overcome the unpredictable effects of faults occurrence in the considered system actuators, Defective adaptive compensation method is used without any knowing about the fault time, fault type and fault structure. Finally, with the introduction of the new Lyapunov functions and by using the graph theory, the stability of the closed loop system is proved. By presenting a simulated example, the efficiency of the control view presented for nonlinear multi agent systems is shown in the presence of unknown faults in actuators and unknown external disturbances. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Distributed Generations Management to Restore Protective Coordination Using Multi-Agent Systems
Saeed Soltaniyan Bahador FaniUtilizing the structure of multi-agent systems is one of the methods proposed today to improve the performance of network protection systems. Given that the presence of distributed generation resources as well as network restructuring has always been a concern for netwo MoreUtilizing the structure of multi-agent systems is one of the methods proposed today to improve the performance of network protection systems. Given that the presence of distributed generation resources as well as network restructuring has always been a concern for network managers, so it is expected that with the introduction of smart equipment and capabilities that provide network managers, better performance and maintenance They help. Intelligent devices are able to exchange information by communicating on a telecommunications platform. The purpose of this paper is to coordinate the protection relays in the presence of distributed generation sources by removing the connection between the relay agents and the information collected from the entire network by the central controller. The proposed method, in addition to improving the speed of the traditional multi agent system protection system, increases the security of the protection system and eliminates the need for information from one agent of one section to the agents of another sections. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - A Flexible Multi-Agent Algorithm for Fast Restoration of Distribution Systems, Compatible with GIS
Vahid Motaghi Shahrokh ShojaeianPower distribution network configuration must be restructured fast after occurring a fault in order to restoring healthy parts. A logical algorithm is needed to do such restoration. In recent years, by developing GIS systems in distribution networks, data entering and s MorePower distribution network configuration must be restructured fast after occurring a fault in order to restoring healthy parts. A logical algorithm is needed to do such restoration. In recent years, by developing GIS systems in distribution networks, data entering and structuring in computers has been changed and dissimilar to conventional softwares, computer cannot view the network configuration. In this paper a proper definition of network agents are suggested in matrix format. By such definition fast detection of fault location and deenergized sections located at its downstream parts is done. Also curtailed load is calculated. Finally with digital data available in the GIS databases, optimal restoration strategy is selected and applied based on available routs. The proposed algorithm is applied on a complicated three feeder distribution network to test its effectiveness and speed. Simulations in MATLAB shows that the proposed algorithm is very fast and robust to any complicated network configuration as well as any number and location on sequential faults. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - Isolation of Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella enteritidis in bison milk and dairy products and bison meat by cultural and PCR method
Sanaz Alizadeh Hassan Momtaz Ebrahim RahimiThis study aims at investigating the outbreak of Salmonella and Disease-Agent Genes Pf Salmonella interitidis and Salmonella typhimurium separted from bison milk and its products and bison meat in Khuzestan province- Mollasani town. On the MoreThis study aims at investigating the outbreak of Salmonella and Disease-Agent Genes Pf Salmonella interitidis and Salmonella typhimurium separted from bison milk and its products and bison meat in Khuzestan province- Mollasani town. On the Whole, 210 samples of meat, milk and its products in Esfand 94 and Farvardin 95 have been collected from Mollasani town. Samples have been analyzed for the presence of S. interitidis and S. typhimurium and Disease- Agent Genes. The outbreak of Salmonella in the studied sample was 2.8%. Highest out breaks of contamination were respectively in cheese sample 10%, cream 7.14% and 2.5%. No Salmonella was detected in meat, yogurt, butter and rice pudding. The separated Salmonella in the sample were S. interitidis5% and S. typhimurium 2.5%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - بررسی اثر ضدباکتریایی و فیتوشیمیایی عصاره متانولی و استونی گونههای Cupressus sempervirens و Juniperus excelsa بر برخی بیماریهای مهم غذایی
سیما یزدانی منیر دودی زهرا رضایتمند لادن رحیم زاده ترابیBackground & Aim: The unfettered usage of antibiotics has engendered a mounting resistance of bacteria to these agents, thereby necessitating the discovery and development of novel compounds and medications to a greater extent than previously. The focal point of thi MoreBackground & Aim: The unfettered usage of antibiotics has engendered a mounting resistance of bacteria to these agents, thereby necessitating the discovery and development of novel compounds and medications to a greater extent than previously. The focal point of this research was to explore the chemical constituents of acetone and methanol-extracted samples of Cupressus sempervirens and Juniperus excelsa, as well as their potential inhibitory actions against a prevalent food-borne pathogen.Experimental: This experimental investigation was conducted on standard strains of Staphylococcus aureus (PTCC 1430), Bacillus cereus (PTCC 1431), Listeria monocytogenes (PTCC 1298), Escherichia coli (PTCC 1399), and Shigella dysentery (PTCC 1188). Following the preparation of methanol and acetone extracts derived from Juniperus excelsa and Cupressus sempervirens using Clevenger apparatus, the antimicrobial efficacy was assessed by both qualitative agar well diffusion method and quantitative macrodilution method. The active constituents present in the methanol and acetone extracts of the plants were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analytical method. Means were compared with Duncan's test at the 5% probability level.Results: The findings of this investigation pertaining to the antimicrobial potency of the extracts, ascertained via the qualitative agar well diffusion method, indicated its efficacy against Gram-positive strains including S. aureus and B. cereus. The methanol extracts of the J. Excelsa were found to produce smaller inhibition zones on the tested bacteria compared to other plant extracts. The highest sensitivity to the acetone extract of C. sempervirens and J. excelsa observed in S. aureus and B. cereus. The extracts obtained from the two plant did not demonstrate any discernible impact on the Gram-negative bacteria that are commonly associated with foodborne pathogens. The findings obtained through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) indicated the presence of efficacious components such as Benzene 1,2,4,5-tetramethyl, and Cyclopropane cyclopenta in J. excels extract. The acetone extract of J. excelsa showed more potent antimicrobial constituents than its methanolic counterpart. It is anticipated that in forthcoming times, the acetone extract derived from this botanical specimen may be employed to prevent bacterial-induced foodborne illnesses.Recommended applications/industries: Duo to the existence of a range of bioactive compounds in the acetone extracts obtained from C. sempervirens and J. excels, these extracts have the potential to be used against the development of foodborne infections and diseases caused by bacterial agents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - امکان استفاده از بذور گیاهان دارویی در محیط کشت بافت و تعیین شرایط بهینه کاربرد آنها به عنوان عامل ژله ایی کننده جایگزین آگار
محمود اطرشی الهام توکلی دینانی امیر معصومیمقدمه و هدف: آگار، یکی از مشتقات نوعی جلبک دریایی است، که به عنوان ماده ی مولد ژل در اکثر محیط های کشت استفاده می شود. با وجود آن که یک محصول طبیعی و گیاهی است اما فرآوری آن، هزینه بر است. در طبیعت جایگزین های دیگری برای آگار وجود دارد. روش تحقیق: لذا به منظور بررسی امک Moreمقدمه و هدف: آگار، یکی از مشتقات نوعی جلبک دریایی است، که به عنوان ماده ی مولد ژل در اکثر محیط های کشت استفاده می شود. با وجود آن که یک محصول طبیعی و گیاهی است اما فرآوری آن، هزینه بر است. در طبیعت جایگزین های دیگری برای آگار وجود دارد. روش تحقیق: لذا به منظور بررسی امکان جایگزینی آگار با دیگر ترکیبات دارویی ارزان قیمت، آزمایشی در دو مرحله در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در پژوهشکده بیوتکنولوژی ناحیه مرکز انجام شد. نخست آزمایشی با استفاده از بذور چهار نمونه گیاه دارویی بذرک، بالنگو، اسفرزه و شاهی به عنوان عامل ژله ایی کننده محیط کشت در مقایسه با شاهد آگار ترتیب داده شد. بذور این 4 گیاه با قابلیت تولید موسیلاژ، به جای آگار در مقادیر 1، 2، 3، 4 و 5 گرم بذر در 30 میلی لیتر محیط کشت مایع به محیط کشت بافت اضافه شد و صفاتی نظیر درصد ریزنمونه های رشد یافته، طول گیاهچه، تعداد شاخه های فرعی، تعداد برگ و طول میان­گره ریز نمونه های گیاه استویا در این محیط، مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج و بحث: اسفرزه بهتر از سایر بذور توانست شرایط رشد را برای ریزنمونه ها فراهم کند. در مرحله دوم به منظور تعیین مقدار بهینه کاربرد این بذر، مقادیر 1، 2، 3، 4و 5 گرم بذر اسفرزه با حضور و عدم حضور زغال فعال به محیط کشت اضافه شد، در تیمار شاهد از آگار استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که استفاده از یک گرم بذر گیاه اسفرزه با حضور زغال فعال در صفات طول گیاهچه، تعداد برگ، طول میان­گره، طول درازترین ریشه و وزن خشک گیاهچه اختلاف بسیار معنی داری را با سایر تیمارها ایجاد کرد. توصیه های کاربردی: با توجه به نتایج حاصل از تحقیق حاضر می توان تا حدودی بذر اسفرزه را به دلیل داشتن موسیلاژ به عنوان جایگزین آگار جهت ژله ای شدن محیط کشت پیشنهاد کرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - Eco-friendly preparation and characterization of CuMn2O4 nanoparticles with the green capping agent and their photocatalytic and photovoltaic applications
Ali Sobhani-Nasab Mohammad Eghbali-Arani Seyed Mostafa Hosseinpour-Mashkani Farhad Ahmadi Mehdi Rahimi-Nasrabadi Vahid Ameri -
Open Access Article
86 - Application of multipurpose dimethyl formamide-like task specific ionic liquid as a recyclable reagent for direct iodination of alcohols
Ahmed Ali Hullio G.M. Mastoi -
Open Access Article
87 - Multi-Robot Foraging Based on Contract Net Protocol
Adel Akbarimajd Hossein Barghi Jond -
Open Access Article
88 - A Hybrid Routing Method for Mobile ad-hoc Networks
Reza Fotohi Roodabe Heydari Shahram Jamali -
Open Access Article
89 - اثر تیمار کوتاه مدت با نانو ذرات نقره و محلول گلجایی ساکارز روی پیری گل و برگ شاخه بریده رز
خدیجه آل کثیر رحیم نقش بند حسنی علیرضا مطلبی آذراین آزمایش برای ارزیابی اثر تیمار کوتاه مدت نانو ذرات نقره در غلظت­ های صفر، 4، 25، 75 و 125 میلی­ گرم در لیتر روی گل شاخه بریدنی رز رقم ʼهای اند مجیکʻ بدنبال نگهداری در محلول ساکارز با غلظت­ های صفر، 2 و 3 درصد از نظر عمر گلجایی و برخی از صفات فیزیولوژیکی پ Moreاین آزمایش برای ارزیابی اثر تیمار کوتاه مدت نانو ذرات نقره در غلظت­ های صفر، 4، 25، 75 و 125 میلی­ گرم در لیتر روی گل شاخه بریدنی رز رقم ʼهای اند مجیکʻ بدنبال نگهداری در محلول ساکارز با غلظت­ های صفر، 2 و 3 درصد از نظر عمر گلجایی و برخی از صفات فیزیولوژیکی پس از برداشت آن انجام شد. این تحقیق به شکل آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با سه تکرار برای هر تیمار اجرا شد. آزمایش تحت شرایط دمای 2 ± 23 درجه سانتی­گراد، رطوبت نسبی 5±60 درصد و با شدت نوری محیط 12 میکرو مول در مترمربع درثانیه به مدت 12 ساعت توسط لامپ­ های فلورسنت انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که تیمار 125 میلی­ گرم در لیتر نانو ذرات نقره همرا با ساکارز دو درصد و بدون ساکارز بیشترین تاثیر را در کنترل باکتری­ های انتهای ساقه را داشت. تیمار کوتاه مدت نانو ذرات نقره در کلیه غلظت­ ها سبب بهبود جذب محلول، حفظ رطوبت نسبی شاخه، بهبود باز شدن گل و شاخص فلورسانس کلروفیل برگ (Fv/Fm) در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد گردید. بیشترین میزان باز شدگی گل با درشت­ترین اندازه گل در تیمار 75 میلی­ گرم در لیتر نانوذرات همراه با ساکارز 2 درصد در روز نهم عمر گلجایی مشاهده گردید. کمترین میزان عمر گلجایی در تیمارهای آب مقطر به تنهایی و همراه با ساکارز بود. بیشترین میزان عمر گلجایی در تیمارهای 75 و 125 میلی­ گرم در لیتر نانو ذرات نقره بدون ساکارز و با ساکارز در مقایسه با سایر تیمارها مشاهده گردید. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - القای پلی پلویید در بنفشه آفریقایی با استفاده از کلشی سین
بهزاد کاویانیاین مطالعه با هدف به دست آوردن گیاهان پلیپلویید بنفشه آفریقایی با استفاده از مادهی ضد میتوز کلشیسین انجام شد. آزمایشها با استفاده از کلشیسین روی بذرهای جوانهنزده انجام شد. بذرها به درون محلولهای کلشیسین با غلظتهای 01/0، 05/0، 10/0 و 20/0 درصد به مدت 24 و 48 ساع Moreاین مطالعه با هدف به دست آوردن گیاهان پلیپلویید بنفشه آفریقایی با استفاده از مادهی ضد میتوز کلشیسین انجام شد. آزمایشها با استفاده از کلشیسین روی بذرهای جوانهنزده انجام شد. بذرها به درون محلولهای کلشیسین با غلظتهای 01/0، 05/0، 10/0 و 20/0 درصد به مدت 24 و 48 ساعت غوطهور شدند. سطوح پلیپلوییدی (دیپلویید، تتراپلویید و هگزاپلویید) در ابتدا توسط شمارش کروموزوم (کاریوتایپ) تعیین شدند و سپس توسط پارامترهای تشریحی و ریختشناسی تایید گردیدند. بالاترین درصد پلیپلوییدها با کلشیسین 10/0 درصد به مدت 24 ساعت القا شد. تعداد کروموزوم در دیپلوییدها 18 = n2، در تتراپلویید 36 = n2 و در هگزاپلویید 54 = n2 بود. تفاوتها در برخی پارامترهای ریختشناسی و تشریحی بین گیاهچههای پلیپلویید و شاهد معنیدار بود. بیشترین تعداد کلروپلاستها در سلولهای نگهبان، در گیاهچههای تیمارشده با 10/0 درصد کلشیسین به مدت 24 ساعت به دست آمد. زمان در معرض قرار گرفتن 48 ساعت تاثیر قابلتوجهی روی پلیپلوییدکردن نداشت. ارقام زینتی جدید با ویژگیهای اصلاحشده میتواند توسط القای پلیپلویید تولید گردد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - Analysis of Farmers’ Feedback on Agricultural Development Project’s (ADP’S) Performances in Kogi State, Nigeria
Adejo Grace Saliu J. Adejo P. Emmanuel -
Open Access Article
92 - Analysis of Factors That Motivate Agricultural Extension Agents in Abia State Agricultural Development Programme (ADP)
Joy Arisa Kelechi Osondu -
Open Access Article
93 - Training Needs of Agricultural Extension Agents in Delta State, Nigeria
Ajieh P. C Ulakpa J. E -
Open Access Article
94 - Analysis of Farm Management Extension Services Performed by Extension Agents of Agricultural Development Projects in Southwest Nigeria
Rashid Adisa Mudashir Mustapha Kayode Balogun Hussein Ibrahim Waliyat Oloyede -
Open Access Article
95 - Farmers’ Perception of Effectiveness of Agricultural Extension Agents in Anambra State, Nigeria
Hyacinth Nwalieji Nneamaka Nnabueze -
Open Access Article
96 - Communication Behaviour of Farmers with the Agricultural Extension Agents Using Cell Phone: A Case of Bangladesh
Mohammad Rahman Mohammed Uddin Md. Khan -
Open Access Article
97 - Evaluation of Agricultural Research, Extension and Farmers Linkages: A case study from Gezira State Sudan
Ahmed Bereir -
Open Access Article
98 - Borich Needs Assessment Model for Assessing Rice Post-harvest Value Addition Training Needs of Agricultural Extension Agents, Southern Region, Sierra Leone
Philip Kamanda Masa Motaung Ernest Okorley -
Open Access Article
99 - Factors affecting lead farmers in facilitating conservation agriculture practices in Kalira Extension Planning Area in Ntchisi District, Malawi
Daniel Matemba Dalo Njera -
Open Access Article
100 - Curricula Importance in Enhancing the Capabilities of Agriculture Extension Agents at the Field
Muhammad Israr Nafees Ahmad Dawood Jan Tahir Ali Shah M. M. Shafi Noshad Khan -
Open Access Article
101 - بررسی رابطه بین "دیدگاه اعضای نظام اطلاعات کشاورزی نسبت به کشاورزی ارگانیک" و "نگرش زیست محیطی آنها"
Mehdi Nooripoor Sanaz Arpanahi Zeinab Sharifiهدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی رابطه بین نگرش زیست محیطی اعضای نظام اطلاعات کشاورزی و دیدگاه آنان نسبت به محصولات ارگانیک در بخش مرکزی شهرستان بویر احمد بود. جامعه آماری مطالعه شامل محققان، مروجان و کشاورزان منطقه مورد مطالعه بود که اندازه نمونه با استفاده از جدول نمونه­گیری Moreهدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی رابطه بین نگرش زیست محیطی اعضای نظام اطلاعات کشاورزی و دیدگاه آنان نسبت به محصولات ارگانیک در بخش مرکزی شهرستان بویر احمد بود. جامعه آماری مطالعه شامل محققان، مروجان و کشاورزان منطقه مورد مطالعه بود که اندازه نمونه با استفاده از جدول نمونه­گیری کرجیسی و مورگان به ترتیب حدود 62 و 55 و 60 نفر تعیین شد. ابزار اصلی جمع­آوری داده­ها در بخش دیدگاه پاسخگویان نسبت به محصولات ارگانیک، پرسشنامه از قبل طراحی شده بود که روایی محتوایی آن توسط متخصصان توسعه روستایی تایید و پایایی ابزار سنجش نیز با استفاده از ضزیب آلفای کرونباخ (76/0-94/0) مورد تایید قرار گرفت. همچنین نگرش زیست محیطی پاسخگویان با استفاده از آزمون پارادایم نوین محیطی(NEP) دانلپ و همکاران سنجیده شد. نتایج نشان داد که محققان، مروجان و کشاورزان از نگرش زیست محیطی متوسطی برخوردار بودند. علاوه بر آن، محققان و مروجان نسبت به محصولات ارگانیک دیدگاه بالاتر از متوسط داشتند. در حالی که کشاورزان دیدگاه نسبتاً مطلوبی داشتند. فزون بر این، رابطه بین دیدگاه اعضای نظام اطلاعات کشاورزی نسبت به محصولات ارگانیک و نگرش زیست محیطی آن­ها مثبت و معنی­دار بود که نشان داد هر چه نگرش زیست محیطی مطلوب تری داشته یاشند، تمایل بیشتری به محصولات ارگانیک دارند. در نتیجه، می توان گفت بهبود نگرش زیست محیطی به منظور تولید محصولات سالم و حفظ محیط زیست باید در اولویت قرار گیرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - Investigation of East Azerbaijan Researchers and Extension Agents’ View about the Role of Extension Services on Agricultural Development
Javad Mahmoodi KaramjavanThe purpose of this study was investigation of East Azerbaijan researchers and extension agents’ view about the role of extension services on agricultural development. The methodology was descriptive-correlation which is carried out by survey method. In this study MoreThe purpose of this study was investigation of East Azerbaijan researchers and extension agents’ view about the role of extension services on agricultural development. The methodology was descriptive-correlation which is carried out by survey method. In this study, the sample population was 335 people including all researchers and extension agents working in the agricultural sector. To assess the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used and level over 0.75 for all sections of the questionnaire was measured. Its validity was established asking for the help from the technical experts. Results showed that the agricultural extension is an undeniable necessity in the agricultural development the effects of which has been positive and significant in the major variables of the agricultural development. The shortcomings are not due to the nature of extension rather they are because of improper execution, lack of support and similar reasons. The reduction of pest damage, improvement of the social status, contribution to boost handicrafts, acceptance of product insurance, recommendations for land leveling, creation of sale cooperation, awareness raising of the market, use of modern irrigation methods and several factors else was those extension role factors that the respondents agreed upon. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - Dynamic configuration and collaborative scheduling in supply chains based on scalable multi-agent architecture
Fu-Shiung Hsieh -
Open Access Article
104 - Development of hardware system using temperature and vibration maintenance models integration concepts for conventional machines monitoring: a case study
Michael Kanisuru Adeyeri Khumbulani Mpofu Buliaminu Kareem -
Open Access Article
105 - Analysis of critical drivers affecting implementation of agent technology in a manufacturing system
Om Ji Shukla Abhijeet Joshi Gunjan Soni Rajesh Kumar -
Open Access Article
106 - Solving the flexible job shop problem by hybrid metaheuristics-based multiagent model
Houssem Eddine Nouri Olfa Belkahla Driss Khaled Ghe´dira -
Open Access Article
107 - On the use of multi-agent systems for the monitoring of industrial systems
Nafissa Rezki Okba Kazar Leila Hayet Mouss Laid Kahloul Djamil Rezki -
Open Access Article
108 - A multi agent method for cell formation with uncertain situation, based on information theory
N Javid A Makui -
Open Access Article
109 - Assessing the effects of self-consolidating concrete components on workability to compensate the negative impacts resulted by temperature and time
Seyed Azim Hosseini -
Open Access Article
110 - The Impact of Structure and Agent on Iran's Foreign Policy during the Second Pahlavi Era
Tahmineh Johar Mohammadreza Dehshiri Abdolamir Nabavi -
Open Access Article
111 - Evaluation of antifungal and antibacterial properties of palladium (II) Schiff base complex against common pathogenic strains between humans and aquatic
Mohammadreza Moghaddam-manesh Somaye Shahriari Sara HosseinzadeganMetal complexes containing Schiff base ligand are compounds that have biological effects such as antifungal, antibacterial, anti-malarial, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral and anti-fever properties. These compounds are also used in various industries. In this study, Pallad MoreMetal complexes containing Schiff base ligand are compounds that have biological effects such as antifungal, antibacterial, anti-malarial, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral and anti-fever properties. These compounds are also used in various industries. In this study, Palladium (II) Schiff base complex with the proposed formula C14H24N4O2Cl2Pd was synthesized by the method reported in Zabol University and used to investigate the antimicrobial effects. Antimicrobial activity such as antibacterial activity against pathogenic strains common between aquatic and human inclusive Loctococcus garvieae and Edwardsiella tarda strains and antifungal activity inclusive Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans were performed according to CLSI standard and the results were reported based on inhibition zone diameter (IZD), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC). Based on the results, the studied complex showed MIC concentrations of 32 μg/ml and 64 μg/ml on the Edwardsiella tarda and Loctococcus garvieae, respectively. The MIC concentrations on Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans, respectively, 512 μg/ml and 1024 μg/ml were observed. The results of this study showed that the effect of Pd (II) Schiff base complex has strong antimicrobial properties and has a better effect than some commercial drugs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - Development of human and non-human agent concepts based on the theory of mind:a study of false belief attribution to human .god,angel and magician
Roshanak Nickpour Bahram JoukarThis study aimed to investigate the development of human and non-human agent concepts based on the theory of mind in children. The sample consisted of 150 children (79 females, 71 males) between the ages of 3 and 7 who were selected from Shiraz child-care centres and ki MoreThis study aimed to investigate the development of human and non-human agent concepts based on the theory of mind in children. The sample consisted of 150 children (79 females, 71 males) between the ages of 3 and 7 who were selected from Shiraz child-care centres and kindergartens. Two Tasks of False Beliefs (Doll House Task; Surprising Content Task) were administered individually to each child. The prediction of agents' behaviors was examined based on false beliefs. Results indicated that children predicted the behavior of magician (a non-human agent) similar to human agent. However, the results of other non-human agentsangel and God) were not consistent with those of Magician. In other words, according to children's views, these agents behave with the least false beliefs. In general, the results indicated that as the age increased, children predicted agent and non-agent behaviors in different ways. It is suggested that culture and family messages have considerable roles in predicting and distinguishing agents' behaviors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - Locating Fast Charging Stations for Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles in Distribution Networks with Considering Load Uncertainties Using a New Multi-Agent Harmony Search Algorithm
Razieh Heidari Alimorad Khajehzadeh Mahdiyeh Eslami -
Open Access Article
114 - Antifungal activity of Bacillus subtilis isolated from soil in Tehran's parks against Fusarium graminearum
Fatemeh Rafiee Mohammad Reza Fazeli Abbas Akhavan sepahi Zahra NoormohammadiBackground & Objectives: Soil microorganisms play an important role in the biological control of pathogenic fungi. The aim of this investigation was to isolate soil-borne Bacillus subtilis with the ability to produce antifngal lipopeptides that are suitable&nb MoreBackground & Objectives: Soil microorganisms play an important role in the biological control of pathogenic fungi. The aim of this investigation was to isolate soil-borne Bacillus subtilis with the ability to produce antifngal lipopeptides that are suitable for suppressing Fusarium graminearum, which contaminates wheat, corn, potato and a wide range of plants.Materials & Methods: B. subtilis was isolated from the rhizospher of healthy plants of park slocated in the five areas north, south, east, west and center of Tehran and was identified based on morphological characteristics, biochemical tests and sequencing of 16S rRNA. The antagonistic activity of isolated strains against F. graminearum was investigated by Well method. The strains that inhibited the growth of fungi and showed the greatest inhibition zone, were selected. Surfactin of selected bacteria was purified by methanol method and bacterial metabolites and pure surfactin (Sigma Company) were compared with, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).Results: Among 60 isolated strains, 27 strains had antifungal activity. Six strains with the highest fungal inhibition zone (8-16 mm) were selected and their yellow color and transparency was a confirmation to HPLC. Two bacteria with the highest amount of surfactin production by molecular method showed high similarity with B. subtilis.Conclusion: The results show that Bacillus subtilis isolated from soil are good candidates for biological control of plant pathogenic fungi and therefore can a suitable alternative to chemical fungicides. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - Evaluation of antimicrobial and anticancer effects of silver nanoparticles synthesized by extracts of chamomile (Matricaria parthenium)
shabnam shamaei Faezeh Bashiri GoodarziBackground &Objectives: Silver nanoparticles have been widely used due to their anti-bacterial activities and anticancer properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial effects and cell toxicity of silver nanoparticles synthesized using extrac MoreBackground &Objectives: Silver nanoparticles have been widely used due to their anti-bacterial activities and anticancer properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial effects and cell toxicity of silver nanoparticles synthesized using extracts of chamomile on three neoplastic cell lines (A549, MCF-7 and HeLa). Materials & Methods: Silver nanoparticles were biologically synthesized using extracts of chamomile. After physical and chemical evaluation of the synthesized nanoparticles, their antimicrobial properties were estimated on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Finally, the inhibitory effect of synthesized nanoparticles evaluated by using MTT technique on 3 neoplastic cell lines. Results: The average size of nanoparticles synthesized by the extract of chamomile were 19 nm. The synthesized nanoparticles could have a significant inhibitory and lethal effect on the two named bacteria. silver nanoparticles were able to show a 50% inhibitory effect on different cell lines at a concentration of 50 μg/ml. Conclusion: Based on the results, it can be stated that medicinal plants can be used in the successful biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles. After human studies and tests, chamomile-based silver nanoparticles can be used as effective therapeutic agent in the treatment of some cancers due to their coating of effective secondary metabolites and the release of silver ions (Ag+). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - Systemic Risk Contagion Mechanism in Iran Financial System: Money and Capital Markets
Vahid Mirzaei Badizi Ali Souri Mehdi Naji Nafisa BaharadmehrAbstract In this paper, using an agent-based model, the behavior of commercial banks and investment funds is simulated. We have tried to show systemic risk transmission mechanism from the money market to the capital market through balance sheet changes. In this model, MoreAbstract In this paper, using an agent-based model, the behavior of commercial banks and investment funds is simulated. We have tried to show systemic risk transmission mechanism from the money market to the capital market through balance sheet changes. In this model, the money and capital markets are endogenously modeled and the price is determined by interest rate and stock market index in these markets respectively. 81 percent of Iranian commercial banks have a mixed portfolio of interbank loans and securities and can spread the crisis throughout the financial system in case of a shock. This process happens through the fire sale mechanism and investment fund unit redemption and can make stocks undervalued in the capital market. Although higher imposed capital adequacy and liquid assets rate can reduce the shock effect on price in the capital market, these high rates make banks portfolios mixed and increases systemic risk. Optimal capital adequacy rate is estimated 19 percent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - Using Reinforcement Learning to Make Smart Energy Storage Source in Microgrid
Sadegh Etemad Nasser Mozayani -
Open Access Article
118 - Photovoltaic Microgrids Control by the Cooperative Control of Multi-Agent Systems
Heidar Ali Shayanfar Sajad Malek -
Open Access Article
119 - Analysis of sociological paradigms of underdevelopment of Iran from the perspective of Iranian theoreticians.
Seyed Siavash Mousavi Rakati mehrdad javaheripour Hasan MohadesiIn this article is provided for analytical documentary attempts to answer this question, Why Iranian society lagged of development? In this direction, the books were written by Iranian theoreticians were analyzed, the outcome of which are the following: 1. theorists who MoreIn this article is provided for analytical documentary attempts to answer this question, Why Iranian society lagged of development? In this direction, the books were written by Iranian theoreticians were analyzed, the outcome of which are the following: 1. theorists who consider the Iran''s underdevelopment paradigm is structure of society. These theorists argue that authoritarian structure and the growth of capitalism in this structure are reasons of underdevelopment of Iran. What is the genesis of the components of authorityin Iran were, the focus of economic and political, cultural structure immature and impaired learning communities, But what causes the development of capitalism in Iran, has been insecurity because of the fear of confiscation by the despotism brokers. 2- Theorists who consider the paradigm of Ounderdevelopment of the agency community. These theorists believe that the action of the Iranian society activists in Iran is causing of underdevelopment. The most important of these cultural elements must point to the ethos of Iranians, especially the illiterate public, seeking out Ghrbzgy and elite plumbing.3- theorists who consolidated the paradigm of underdevelopment Iran. These theorists believe that, in addition to the structure and functionality, they have to point to military attacks, external attacks and noted the role of colonialism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - Foreign Defendants: A Delphi study on the causes of underwater flooding in Ardabil province
farshad movaffagh samad abedini robabeh pourjebeliAlien defendants are used for those who not only did not break the law, but based on the label they eat act as if they did, the purpose of this article is to identify the causes of flooding in Ardabil for the study of 29 specialists and experts of the province. Ardabil MoreAlien defendants are used for those who not only did not break the law, but based on the label they eat act as if they did, the purpose of this article is to identify the causes of flooding in Ardabil for the study of 29 specialists and experts of the province. Ardabil was selected as a snowball sampling method and a researcher-made questionnaire based on the criteria of a semi-structured interview was arranged and provided to the experts, and after analyzing the percentages that were higher than 60% and the significance level was lower than 05. Kendall's correlation coefficient It showed that there is agreement and consensus among the experts and also the weighted average of the factors showed that the social, psychological and individual, legal and religious factors take priority 1 to 4 respectively. Therefore, the authorities should try to achieve this. The indicators of these policy factors. The behavior of subjugation is seen in many societies which, despite the defects in the sociability of people and personal and psychological strengthening characteristics, the limitation of resources and facilities or the way of unequal distribution of resources, according to Marx's opinion, in a society, the distribution of facilities and The scarce resources that are available to a minority of people are limited and unequal Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - Theory of stewardship in civil liability From the perspective of Islamic jurisprudence and Iranian law
nader pourarshadTheory of stewardship in civil liability From the perspective of Islamic jurisprudence and Iranian law(with emphasis on the analysis of new dimensions of recognizing the criteria of stewardship)Nader PourarshadAssistant Professor of Department of law , Shahrekord Branch MoreTheory of stewardship in civil liability From the perspective of Islamic jurisprudence and Iranian law(with emphasis on the analysis of new dimensions of recognizing the criteria of stewardship)Nader PourarshadAssistant Professor of Department of law , Shahrekord Branch , Islamic Azad University , Shahrekord , IranThe terms direct and causal have been used in the jurisprudential rule of loss (superb and causal). These two terms are also used in Articles 332 of the Civil Code and 492 et seq. of the Islamic Penal Code. However, in jurisprudential texts and civil law, there is no definition that indicates all the important and significant features of these two. The Islamic Penal Code, which defines the two in Articles 494 and 506, does not list all their important and significant features either. The present article, therefore, aimed to fill this gap by exploring and expressing the characteristics of the trustees and the conditions for assigning damages to them in terms of Islamic jurisprudence, case law, legal doctrine, and judicial procedure in Iran in a way that facilitates the diagnosis of the cause and other factors related to the damageKeywords: loss - civil liability - agent - manager - cause Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - The optimization of Investment Beliefs in Tehran Stock Exchange Break Points Based on Heterogeneous Agent Models Framework and Agent Based Modelling with Genetic Algorithm
mehdi khoshnood Fraydoun Rahnamay Roodposhti Hashem NikoomaramThis paper survey beliefs of investor on Tehran stock exchange at three break point date (BPD). at first three BPD with several criterion : average of the share price indices , average value of the stock market turnover , average value of the stock market capitali MoreThis paper survey beliefs of investor on Tehran stock exchange at three break point date (BPD). at first three BPD with several criterion : average of the share price indices , average value of the stock market turnover , average value of the stock market capitalization .according this three BPD are : the election of Mahmood Ahmadinejad at 2005 , financial crisis at 2008 and the election of Hassan rouhani at 2013 . In addition this paper is base of Brock and Hommes heterogeneous agent model (HAM) framework. Samples are the shares of companies that 40 days before and 40 days after was traded .then with MATLAB software code was writhed and simulation done. Finding shows that strategy of contrarian trend chaser is the best and we can with genetic algorithm optimize average and standard deviation of coefficient of investment strategy and adaption with real market at break point dates. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - Application of hydrotropic solubilization in spectrophotometric analysis of Esomeprazole and Itopride pharmaceutical combined tablet dosage forms
Mukesh Sharma Smita Sharma -
Open Access Article
124 - 4-Chloro-3,5-dioxaphosphacyclohepta[2,1-;3,4-']dinaphthalene (BINOL-PCl) as a Bulky and Efficient Reagent for the Transformation of Symmetric and Asymmetric Benzoins to Corresponding Benziles
Nader Noroozi Pesyan Mahnaz Saraei Bakhshali Massoumi Maryam Sarbazi -
Open Access Article
125 - Degradation of crystal violet using copper modified iron oxide as heterogeneous photo-fenton reagent
Pinki B. Punjabi Noopur Ameta Jyoti Sharma Kiran Chanderia Rakshit Ameta -
Open Access Article
126 - The Novel Synthesis Route for 3-Poly (vinylbenzyl)-5,5-Dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione Nanofibers and Study of Its Antibacterial Properties
Bozorgmehr Maddah -
Open Access Article
127 - Nano-TiO2 an Efficient, Clean and Eco-friendly Catalyst for Synthesis of Naphthoxazinone Derivatives as High Potent Antibacterial Agents
Khalil Pourshamsian -
Open Access Article
128 - Investigation of the Effect of Black Pepper Powder on Microbiological and Physicochemical Properties of Processed Cheese
Hajar Rahimi Peyman Ghajarbygi Saeed Shahsavari Mostafa kazemi Razzagh Mahmoudi -
Open Access Article
129 - Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of 5-chloro-1-ethyl-2-methylimidazole-4-sulfonyl-8-Quinolinoxide
Oluwaseyi Ovonramwen Bodunde Owolabi Amowie Philip Oviawe Abiodun Falodun -
Open Access Article
130 - Smirnovia Iranica Whole Herb Extract: Antioxidant, Radical Scavenging, Anti-microbial and Anti-Cancer Effects
Leila Monjazeb Marvdashti Samaneh Arab Marjan Bahraminasab Mina Roustaei Samaneh Souri Mojtaba Heydari Majd Anna Abdolshahi -
Open Access Article
131 - Enhancing the Antimicrobial Properties Copper Oxide Shell with the Magnetic Mesoporous Core- Shell
Seyed Kamal Rajabi Shabnam Sohrabnezhad -
Open Access Article
132 - Insight into the Oxidant Agents Effect of Removal and Photo-decolorization of Vitamin B12 Solution in Drug Tablets using ZrO2
Shaymaa Ibrahim Saeed Ban Hasan Taresh Luma M. Ahmed Zainab Faisal Haboob Safa Alaa Hassan Athraa Abd Al-amir Jassim -
Open Access Article
133 - Effect of Cyclophosphamide on ODF1 and ZPBP Gene Expression in Testicular Tissue of Male Wistar Rats
Sadegh Bazvand Tahereh Naji Abdolreza MohammadniaCyclophosphoma iodine is a DNA-inducing drug with anti-neoplastic properties. One of its most important side effects is changing the function of the reproductive system in males, which may lead to infertility. The ODF gene significantly reduced in infertile men. In spit MoreCyclophosphoma iodine is a DNA-inducing drug with anti-neoplastic properties. One of its most important side effects is changing the function of the reproductive system in males, which may lead to infertility. The ODF gene significantly reduced in infertile men. In spite of the effect of this drug on testicular tissue, there was no work on the expression of ODF1 and ZPBP genes in testicular tissue; this was done for the first time. In this study, 20 adult male Wistar rats weighing 220±30 g were selected and all were fed by standard pellet diet in the group receiving cyclophosphamide: receiving standard pellet with water and cyclophosphamide at a dose of 40 mg/kg. The groups were treated intraperitoneally for 30 days. The expression of ODF1 and ZPBP genes was investigated by Real Time method. The results showed that the expression level of ODF1 and ZPBP genes was significantly different between the control and treatment groups, and according to the calculations performed by the software the statistical data (P≤0.05), SPSS, and one-way ANOVA test, it was concluded that ZPBP and ODF1 gene expression decreased 7.26 and 7.5 times in the group exposed to cyclophosphamide compared to the control group, respectively. Moreover, comparing the number of sperm in the control and treatment groups showed that the number of sperms in the treatment group decreased compared to the control group. Reduced number of sperm may affect the fertility rate of male Wistar rats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
134 - Self-tuning consensus on directed graph in the case of time-varying nonhomogeneous input gains
Mozhgan Bagherboum -
Open Access Article
135 - A simulation Model to Predict and Improve the Performance of the Working Team and Achieve better Human-Resource Management Strategies (Case Study: Department of Industrial Management, Faculty of Management and Economics, Sciences and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University)
fatemeh eskandar reza radfar abas toloiGiven the importance of the role of human resources in organizations, strategic planning for achieving the optimum number of human resources in an organization is vital. The purpose of this research is to present a model for simulating and predicting team performance in MoreGiven the importance of the role of human resources in organizations, strategic planning for achieving the optimum number of human resources in an organization is vital. The purpose of this research is to present a model for simulating and predicting team performance in industrial management teams in order to identify human-resource performance and improve human-resource management strategies. The factors that influence team performance are identified and extracted from previous studies, and then the timing of each task is examined in three scenarios, i.e. optimistic, probabilistic and Web-based, by identifying the processes that influence team performance. Model inputs are the number of students, the number of faculty, and the number of experts. Based on related studies, team performance outputs are three categories: The number of books, articles and theses; the desirability of team members; and the number of tasks completed, rejected, needed to revise or waiting in queue. The simulation was performed using Any Logic software. The results show that the desirability of the group manager and the training expert have the highest values in most scenarios and the number of tasks in the execution queue has a significant value in all scenarios. In some cases it is essential that new policies be adopted to improve HRM strategies in the industrial management department. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - Investigating the Favorable Lifestyle of Political Agents in Accordance with the Quran, the Tradition of the Infallibles (AS) and Reason in Line with the Iranian Islamic Model of Progress
zahra khosravani Masoud Jafarinezhad alireza golshaniThis study examines the desirable lifestyle of political agents in accordance with the Quran, the tradition of the Infallibles (AS) and reason in line with the Iranian Islamic model of progress. The main question of the research is what are the desirable components of t MoreThis study examines the desirable lifestyle of political agents in accordance with the Quran, the tradition of the Infallibles (AS) and reason in line with the Iranian Islamic model of progress. The main question of the research is what are the desirable components of the lifestyle of political agents in the Iranian Islamic model of progress in accordance with the logic of the religion of Islam (intellect, Quran, tradition)? And by what model can the desired lifestyle be achieved for political agents? In this article, using the Quran, the Sunnah of the Infallibles (AS) and the intellect, the desirable components of the Islamic lifestyle of political agents have been extracted, and while providing a model in this regard, we have examined the current state of the lifestyle of political agents. The research method has been extracted by using the method of face-to-face interview and referring to experts and on the other hand by using the method of qualitative content analysis and using the sources of Quran, Sunnah of the Infallibles (AS) and the wisdom of the components. In the quantitative part of this research, descriptive statistics has been used, the result of which is the identification of 12 components and 60 indicators in the field of lifestyle of political agents, which, if observed, will appear in four areas of the Iranian Islamic model-progress. Therefore, in order to progress in these four areas, the grounds must be provided. One of these areas is the reform of the lifestyle of political agents in society based on Islamic-Iranian models. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
137 - A Study the Lifestyle of Political agents in the Islamic Model of Iranian Progress (Case Study: Lifestyle of Political agents in Fars Province between 1392-1396)
zahra khosravani Masoud Jafarinezhad alireza golshaniThe purpose of this study was to investigate the lifestyle of political agents in Fars province between 1392-1396 and provide a desirable lifestyle model for political agents. The main question is whether the lifestyle of political agents in Fars province in the years 1 MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the lifestyle of political agents in Fars province between 1392-1396 and provide a desirable lifestyle model for political agents. The main question is whether the lifestyle of political agents in Fars province in the years 1396-1392 corresponds to the indicators of Islamic-Iranian lifestyle? In order to find the answer to the above question, a model was designed that the optimal lifestyles of political agents were extracted from the Qur''an, the infallible tradition, and wisdom. Its achievement is the identification of 12 components including piety, justice, trust, humility and humility, respect for human dignity, honesty and truth, simple biology and contentment, lawmaking, accountability, consultation and co-operation, expertise and commitment. The method of this research is based on the fact that the subject of the life style of political agents in the Islamic model of Iran is progress and its components are often qualitative. The method of interviewing and Delphi method has been used. The results of this research have shown that the life style of political agents in Fars province between 2013 and 1396 is based on the Islamic-Iranian model of development, but it differs from the viewpoint of employees, brokers and clients. In this way, brokers have assessed their lifestyle indicators more than employees and clients based on the Islamic-Iranian model, and reported the employees and clients of the lifestyle indicators of political agents less often. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - Comparative Analysis of the Foreign Policy of Iran and Turkey
reza rahmdel Ahmad JahansizAssessment of impact on the foreign relations is one of the critical issues for policy makers. The government's ability to understand the needs of the structure of international system depending. Understanding the foreign policy of Iran and Turkey leading an opportunity MoreAssessment of impact on the foreign relations is one of the critical issues for policy makers. The government's ability to understand the needs of the structure of international system depending. Understanding the foreign policy of Iran and Turkey leading an opportunity for understanding the challenges and complexities of international crises and how to confront with it. Comparative Comparison of foreign relations will be possible to predict many international affairs. Research question would be, shaping the foreign policy of Iran and Turkey in international crises and challenges how will shape? Such the hypothetical answer will be different actions of the governments of Iran and Turkey to the international crisis caused by the Construction of the complex (domestic and foreign) policy combined with the Behavioral complexity of policy makers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
139 - Characterization of hydrothermally grown pure and graphene added samarium oxide nano-structures as a potential antimicrobial agent
Abbas Bagheri Khatibani Somayeh Saadat Niavol samaneh Rasouli Jamnani Hosein Milani MoghaddamSeductive and impressive applications of samarium oxide based materials in semiconductor science, created an interest to synthesize and study their physical properties. Therefore, after preparing pure samarium oxide and graphene/samarium oxide powders through hydrotherm MoreSeductive and impressive applications of samarium oxide based materials in semiconductor science, created an interest to synthesize and study their physical properties. Therefore, after preparing pure samarium oxide and graphene/samarium oxide powders through hydrothermal technique; with use of X-Ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, and UV-Visible spectrophotometry; structural, optical, and morphological properties of the samples have been evaluated. Using XRD, lattice constants and some related structural parameters were determined. Variation of optical band gap has been calculated too, with aiding absorbance, The XRD data revealed prevailed cubic samarium oxide phase in both samples, even though a sharp diffraction peak of graphene was attended in graphene/samarium oxide sample. SEM, Raman, and FTIR analysis showed the effects of graphene addition on main lattice of samarium oxide. Furthermore, the decrease of optical band gap due to graphene was also notable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - Investigating economic factors on women's social health
rangin negar karamzadehPublic health, including levels of social skills and social performance and the ability to recognize oneself as a member of a larger community .in our country , women are employed . Employed women who are trying to economically self-reliant and welfare . This study aime MorePublic health, including levels of social skills and social performance and the ability to recognize oneself as a member of a larger community .in our country , women are employed . Employed women who are trying to economically self-reliant and welfare . This study aimed to assess the socio -economic factors affecting the health of women employees of Tehran municipality and also offer ways to reduce or dissolve the problems they , have been done. The research method was descriptive and correlational analysis was conducted through a survey . The statistical This study included all women employees of Tehran municipality of over 400 people. According to the calculation in the formula , a sample size of 100 patients is obtained. In this study, the sampling interval is a systematic random sampling method . A questionnaire was used to gather information and . All of the above methods, spss be done through software . The findings from this study suggest that economic factors such as the probability of more than 99% of the employees are related to women's health . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
141 - A theoretical study of the stability of Alkylating Agent drug Chlorambucil with carbon nanotubes and boron nitride nanotubes: Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics (QM/MM) Methods
Mohammad Hassan Jamshidi Neda Hasanzadeh Hooriye Yahyaei Amir BahramiNanotubes serve as a means to reduce the side effects of chemotherapy drugs and facilitate more efficient drug delivery to target tissues. This study focuses on two types of nanocarriers: single-walled carbon nanotubes and boron nitride nanotubes, each of which carries MoreNanotubes serve as a means to reduce the side effects of chemotherapy drugs and facilitate more efficient drug delivery to target tissues. This study focuses on two types of nanocarriers: single-walled carbon nanotubes and boron nitride nanotubes, each of which carries a drug with an alkylating agent: chlorambucil. This research investigates the stability of these carriers at different temperatures and solvent conditions. Using quantum mechanical calculation methods, the interaction between the anticancer medicinal compounds chlorambucil with two nanocarriers (carbon nanotubes and boron nitride nanotubes) was investigated in a range of temperatures and different solvent environments. Checking the thermodynamic parameters through molecular mechanics calculations, the hardness, polarity, Gibbs free energy parameters, as well as the HOMO and LUMO gap of the compounds were calculated. Also, using molecular mechanics calculations, optimal force fields and lowest energy states were determined in each solvent. The findings of this research are promising for the development of targeted drug delivery systems and the preservation of these vital medicinal compounds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
142 - Synthesis and molecular docking studies of 4H-chromene derivatives as a calcium channel blocking agent
somayeh makarem yalda kashkooli Afshin Rajabi Khorrami Shabnam nadjafiVoltage-gated Ca2+ channels play a vital role in the transmission of electrical signals by temporarily increasing intracellular Ca2+ levels and exerting an action potential on the cell surface membrane. As a blocker of calcium channels, nimodipine specifically blocks L- MoreVoltage-gated Ca2+ channels play a vital role in the transmission of electrical signals by temporarily increasing intracellular Ca2+ levels and exerting an action potential on the cell surface membrane. As a blocker of calcium channels, nimodipine specifically blocks L-type calcium channels, which are present in smooth muscle cells in blood vessels. By blocking these channels, nimodipine prevents calcium from entering the cells, resulting in relaxation and dilation of the blood vessels. In this way, several 4H-chromene derivatives were obtained through electro synthesis in propanol, using electrons as a catalyst to generate propanol anion as a base. This process involved obtaining malononitrile anion, which readily underwent Knovenagel condensation with aromatic aldehydes, followed by the reaction of the active methylene of dimedione with the electrophile C=C of the intermediate. Finally, the expected product was o−btained through cyclisation and tautomerization. The effect of current, solvent, and anode type were studied, and it was observed that the optimized current, solvent, and anode for the synthesis of nanoparticles of 4H-chromene were 50 mA/cm2, propanol, and a magnesium anode in an undivided cell at room temperature. The proposed method produces 4H-chromene directly from initial compounds in a mild and safe condition. All synthesized compounds were screened through molecular docking studies, which utilized the crystal structure of CavAb. Compound 8f exhibited the minimum binding energy and good affinity toward the active pocket of CavAb compared to nimodipine as a calcium channel blocking agent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
143 - Optimized and Scalable Methods for the Synthesis of Lauryl Amine Anti-Cake using Diborane
mohammad javad taghizadeh MAHDI BAHARVANDIn this research, four improved and scalable methods for the synthesis of lauryl amine have been described. In this research, attempt has been by investigated the synthesis methods of lauryl amine, made to provide an easy and cost-effective method for the synthesis of MoreIn this research, four improved and scalable methods for the synthesis of lauryl amine have been described. In this research, attempt has been by investigated the synthesis methods of lauryl amine, made to provide an easy and cost-effective method for the synthesis of lauryl amine as a surfactant and anti-cake with a wide range of applications. lauryl amine was synthesized from the primary materials of lauric acid, lauramide and lauronitrile in the presence of various catalysts and reducing agents. The advantages and disadvantages of each of these methods were investigated and compared to industrial methods. In the reduction of luramide and Lauronitrile to lauryl amine, diborane reductant was used as a new method for the first time. In this article, with an efficient and new method, lauryl amine was synthesized in the presence of ammonia and aluminum oxide with a overall yield of 63% from lauric acid. In this method, lauric acid is converted to Lauramide and finally reduced to lauryl amine. Manuscript profile
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