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Open Access Article
1 - Recombination phenomenon in polyethylene under space charge dynamics and its effects on the external current evolution
Imed Boukhris Amal Gargouri Ezzeddine Belgaroui Ali Kallel -
Open Access Article
2 - Identification and Prioritizing of Exporting Target Markets for Iran’s High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)
A. Hajiha M. Haghighi Kaffash M. ManianRecognition and prioritization the target markets for special goods is must to establish the efficient marketing strategy. This will save investments of exporters who want to make a continued presence in markets. On the other hand in export programming fi MoreRecognition and prioritization the target markets for special goods is must to establish the efficient marketing strategy. This will save investments of exporters who want to make a continued presence in markets. On the other hand in export programming field it can play a valuable leading rule for authorities to establish trade strategies and dual trade negotiations. This research as its title says “Identification and prioritizing of exporting target markets for high density polyethylene (HDPE)” have decided to prioritize the markets by their attractiveness via suitable indexes which are available and contains the expert’s view, resource demand, capabilities and objectives of Iranian petrochemical commercial company. In reality final destination of this research is that it maps correct movement of HDPE in target markets by observing objectives, resources and organization capabilities. The method used is that we gather the information statistics at the first, and then refine them by using import potential indexes and statistical techniques. we start up to recognize the most important indexes for evaluating market attractiveness by gathering the related industry expert view to prioritize target markets. Finally by using of this indexes and techniques of numerical taxonomy and factor analyzing and relying on given statistics and informations by international trade center, we prioritize the target markets of HDPE. The result of this research shows that the markets which are better for exporting Iran HDPE after china and Hong Kong that are two evident markets for this product are Ukraine, Turkey, Spain, Malaysia, Greece, USA, Pakistan, Indonesia and Poland. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Investigation of the effect of compatibilization of oxidized polypropylene in molten phase on the mechanical, physical, and morphological properties of reed plant flour-high density polyethylene composite
Mohammad Shamsian Mohammad Dahmardeh Ghalehno Fatemeh Dehdast Seyedeh Rahil ChalakehThis study aimed to investigate the possibility of making reed plant flour-high density polyethylene composite usingoxidized poly-propylene as a compatibilizer. For this purpose, reed plant flour, high density polyethylene, and oxidizedpoly-propylene compatibilizer in t MoreThis study aimed to investigate the possibility of making reed plant flour-high density polyethylene composite usingoxidized poly-propylene as a compatibilizer. For this purpose, reed plant flour, high density polyethylene, and oxidizedpoly-propylene compatibilizer in the specified value were mixed into the internal mixer for 6 min and after that, theresulting amorphous materials turned to the granules using a laboratory mill. Finally, the granules turned to reed-plasticplates using a hot press. Mechanical tests such as bending and tensile resistances and their modulus and physicalproperties such as water absorption and thickness swelling in 2 and 24 h were measured. A fourier transform infraredspectroscopy machine was used to check the modification of oxidized poly-propylene and the morphology of thecomposites was studied by electron microscopy images. The results demonstrated that with increasing thecompatibilizer, the mechanical properties were linearly increased, while the water absorption and thickness swellingwere decreased. Electron microscopy images showed that improved adhesion at the interface between the reed plantflour and polymer fibers. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy also showed that due to the oxidation ofpolypropylene, hydrophilic regions are formed in it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - The Effect of Different Auxiliary Collector in Flotation of Phosphate Ore
Melina Seyed Momen Makan Etefagh Amir Hassanjani Roshan Hassan Koohestani -
Open Access Article
5 - A Study on the Effect of Nanosilicate-Based Coatings on Storage Life of Pomegranate Cultivar Malas-E-Saveh
A. Bekran E. Seifi F. VarastehIntroduction: The high nutritional and medicinal values and the increasing production anddemands, it is important to control the factors affecting the quality of pomegranate fruitduring storage. Regarding the understanding of how to store pomegranate fruit, it would bep MoreIntroduction: The high nutritional and medicinal values and the increasing production anddemands, it is important to control the factors affecting the quality of pomegranate fruitduring storage. Regarding the understanding of how to store pomegranate fruit, it would bepossible to offer this product at local and international markets for a long duration with highquality.Materials and Methods: In this study, the effect of nano silicate-based polyethylene andpolypropylene on the storage life of pomegranate fruit (cultivar Malas-e-Saveh) has beenstudied in a completely randomized factorial design. The treated fruits were stored in commonstorage for two and four months period. Qualitative and quantitative characteristics of fruitswere measured using the standard methods of analysis.Results: The results showed that the nano-based polyethylene and polypropylene couldmaintain the highest amount of moisture in the skin (75.72% and 73.14%, respectively) ascompared to the control (26.64%) at the end of storage period. These coating treatments alsomaintained the highest amount of aril moisture (76.88%) as compared to the control(71.09%). After storage period, the nano-based polypropylene showed the highestconcentrations of phenolic compounds (883.54 mg GAE/100 ml), flavonoids (487.71 mgGAE/100 ml) and anthocyanins (11.69 mg C3GE/100 ml) as compared to the control (649.76and 437.56 mg GAE/100 ml, and 7.9 mg C3GE/100 ml, respectively); although the normalcoating treatments showed less influence. Nano-based coating treatments also decreased thechanging rate of ascorbic acid but did not have any significant influence on pH and EC.Conclusion: The application of nano-based polyethylene and polypropylene treatments isrecommended to improve the keeping quality of pomegranate fruit during storage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Evaluation of the Effect of Polyethylene Coating Based on Silver Nanoparticles on Increasing the Shelf Life, Qualitative and Microbial Parameters of Wheat Germ
M. Darab Sh. Shahriari H. MozafariIntroduction: It is possible to increase the shelf life and maintain the quality of wheat germ during storage by using suitable packaging. One of the new technologies considered by researchers is the use of packaging based on nanoparticles.Materials and Methods: In this MoreIntroduction: It is possible to increase the shelf life and maintain the quality of wheat germ during storage by using suitable packaging. One of the new technologies considered by researchers is the use of packaging based on nanoparticles.Materials and Methods: In this study, wheat germs were packaged in polyethylene packages containing silver nanoparticles, and the effect of the packaging on the quality characteristics and shelf life of wheat germ were determined. In this research work, at determining the most optimal conditions for the packaging of wheat germ, the effects of weight percent (wt%) of nanosilver (0, 3, and 5%), time of storage (0, 5, and 10 days), and three different temperatures (2, 4, and 6 0C) on the shelf life of wheat germ have been studied.Results: The results showed that temperature, storage time, and concentration of nanosilver in polyethylene packaging had significant effects on moisture, pH, and enzyme activity of wheat germ. Experimental data indicated that the storage time of wheat germ increased by increasing the concentration of nanosilver from 3% to 5% and by decreasing temperature from 6 ° C to 2 ° C for ten days. Nanoparticle packages were significantly (P <0.05) able to reduce mold growth in wheat germ.Conclusion: Based on the results, it might be concluded that the application of films based on silver nanoparticles increases the shelf life of wheat germ. Wheat germ had the highest shelf life in packaging with 5% silver nanoparticles at 2 ° C and was selected as the selected sample. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Evaluation of the Migration of Antimony from Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Plastic Used for Verjuice and Lemon Juice Packaging
Z. Didar -
Open Access Article
8 - Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanocomposite as a Food Packaging
M. Pooyamanesh H. Ahari A. A. Anvar G. Karim -
Open Access Article
9 - Comparative Study of Polyethylene and Polyamide Packaging Containing Silver Nanoparticles in Reduction of Meat Products (Mince Meat) Microbial Load
M. Abbasi H. Ahari M. Tabari -
Open Access Article
10 - Experimental and Numerical Study on Leakage in Orifices of High-Density Polyethylene Pipe
Seyed Ali Sadr-Al-Sadati Mohammad Reza Jalili GhazizadehBackground and Objective: One of the most effective methods of coping with leakage in water distribution networks is pressure management. Therefore, a proper understanding of leakage behavior and its relationship with pressure variations can play a significant role in w MoreBackground and Objective: One of the most effective methods of coping with leakage in water distribution networks is pressure management. Therefore, a proper understanding of leakage behavior and its relationship with pressure variations can play a significant role in water loss control. The use of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipes has increased in recent years in water distribution networks so that in some rural area and small cities, these pipes have been utilized only. The aim of this study is to investigate the leakage behavior of orifices in HDPE pipes. Method: In the present study, the leakage behavior of polyethylene pipes has been investigated numerically and experimentally. In this study, the effect of temperature as one of the main factors on leakage behavior has been considered. Findings: The results showed that the Torricelli's classic relationship for the orifices can be used and the amount of leakage exponent for the orifices is approximately 0.5. This study shows that the discharge coefficient of the outflow from the orifices is dependent on some parameters such as Reynolds number, the thickness of pipe wall, orifice diameter, surrounding environment and orifice deformation. Discussion and Conclusion: The assumption of no deformation for the orifices in HDPE pipes with increasing pressure, particularly at high temperatures, is not necessary true. The symmetry state of the orifices in low-elastic pipes is removed with the pressure increase, due to the distribution of stress at the opening and also the effect of the Poisson coefficient, thereby reducing the discharge coefficient. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - The investigation of Allelopathic potential of 70 wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars on germination and seedling growth of volunteer canola (Brassica napus)
Narges Mohamadi Elias Soltani Mostafa Oveisi Hossein RamshiniAllelopathic effects of plant can be one of the best ways to reduce the applying of herbicides which are high costly to register and have environmental effects. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the allelopathic effects of wheat cultivars and to identi MoreAllelopathic effects of plant can be one of the best ways to reduce the applying of herbicides which are high costly to register and have environmental effects. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the allelopathic effects of wheat cultivars and to identify the ability of them to control weeds. a field and laboratory experiment was conducted in Research Farm and Seed Technology laboratory of Aburaihan Campus, University of Tehran, during 2015-16. Seeds of 70 wheat cultivars were sown at 600 square meters of Research Farm and samples were taken for bioassay at the tillering stage. To separate the impact of allelopathic extract and osmotic potential of the extracts, different solutions were made with the same osmotic potential for each extract. Then, experiments simultaneously were conducted to investigate the effects of extract and osmotic potential on germination of canola. The results of separations of allelopathic and osmotic potential effects of extractions showed that the inhibition of canola germination is related to allelopathic effects and not osmotic potential of extraction (PEG). Results indicated that allelopathic effects of wheat cultivars had slightly increased during the releasing period of cultivars from 1940 until now, but this increase was not significant. This shows that breeders had not attention to allelopathy of wheat cultivars during breeding programs. Results indicated that there were some cultivars with high allelopathy and it is possible to include them in breeding programs to produce cultivars with high potential of weeds control. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Germination modeling of Eryngium caeruleum seeds with hydro thermal time model
Mohammad Lotfi asle giglo Mostafa Oveisi Hamid Rahimian- mashhadi Behnaz Pourmorad kaleibar Mohammad Hossein NaeimiThis study was conducted to evaluate the effect of temperature and moisture on germination of Eryngium caeruleum seeds as factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications at weed science laboratory, college of agriculture and natural resour MoreThis study was conducted to evaluate the effect of temperature and moisture on germination of Eryngium caeruleum seeds as factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications at weed science laboratory, college of agriculture and natural resources, university of Tehran. Factors were seven temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35°c) and seven levels of moisture (0, -2, -4, -6, -8, -10 and -12 bar) and hydro thermal time model used for description of Eryngium caeruleum germination. Germination parameters including base temperature (Tb), optimum temperature (To), the minimum moisture needed for start of germination (Wpb), decreasing coefficient (b) and standard deviation (Sigma) were obtained 2.39, 23.52, -0.93, 0.13 and 0.34 respectively, affected by different levels of temperature and moisture by using hydro thermal time model. The results also showed that germination percentage and rate increased up to -4 bar in base temperature and these germination characteristics reached to their highest level in optimum temperature. According to the results of this study, it can be said that the seeds of Eryngium caeruleum do not have resistance to the water stress at very low and very high temperatures, and have the maximum resistance at 20°c. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - A Novel Technique for Keyhole-Less Reinforced Friction Stir Spot Welding of Polyethylene Sheets
Moosa Sajed S. M. Hossein Seyedkashi -
Open Access Article
14 - Preparation and Mechanical Properties of Compositionally Graded Polyethylene/Clay Nanocomposites
M.H Yas M Karami Khorramabadi -
Open Access Article
15 - Effects of Mulch type, Times and Tuber Burial Depth on Growth and Tuber Production of Purple Nutsedge(Cyperus rotundus L.)
Mohammad Roozkhosh behrouz KHALIL TAHMASEBI zabihollah Azami-Sardooei Hamid Reza Alizadeh farnaz fekrat Mehdi Rastgoo ahmad AeinPurple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) is a problematic weed in vegetables production systems in eastern and southeastern of Iran, To evaluate the different levels of polyethylene mulches, Tuber burial depths, and times on Management on purple nutsedge, a factorial exper MorePurple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) is a problematic weed in vegetables production systems in eastern and southeastern of Iran, To evaluate the different levels of polyethylene mulches, Tuber burial depths, and times on Management on purple nutsedge, a factorial experiment base on randomized complete block design with four replications, at Jiroft University Research Farm, was conducted, field experiments to investigate the effect of mulch type including, (one and two layer clear polyethylene film, one-layer clear polyethylene + hen manure, one layer black polyethylene and non-mulched as control), second factor was times application at three levels including (20, 40 and 60 days) and third factor tubers burial depths at three levels including (5, 15 and 25cm) on C. rotundus above and below ground growth were conducted. Results showed that two-layer clear polyethylene mulch provided greatest suppression of C. rotundus growth was observed in plots covered with 2-layer clear LDPE, at 60 days in all depths (5,15 and 25cm). However, one-layer clear mulch at 60 days in 5 cm depth and one-layer clear polyethylene + hen manure at 60 days in 5 and 15 cm depth, inhibited viability tubers significantly. But positive effect was not shown on the growth control of the period in the other treatment. Generally, the results showed that two factors of polyethylene mulches and period of solarization of have a direct effect on the control of purple nutsedge. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Polyethylene glycol embedded tribromide as an efficient and reusable catalyst for the library synthesis of nitrogen containing heterocycles
Sanny Verma -
Open Access Article
17 - Polyethyleneimine-modified super paramagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles: An efficient, reusable and water tolerance nanocatalyst.
Hosein Hamadi Maryam Gholami Mehdi Khoobi -
Open Access Article
18 - Liquid–liquid equilibria of aqueous two phase system containing of PEGDME and (NH4)2 SO4 at different temperatures and its application in partitioning of lactic acid
Mohammed Taghi Zafarani Moattar Hemayat Shekaari Tohid Hashemzadeh -
Open Access Article
19 - Application of deep neural networks in Geo-environmental Engineering
Masoud Samaei Maghsoud Jahani -
Open Access Article
20 - Investigation of Production of Aluminum Polychloride Sulfate, its Application in Water Treatment and its Comparison with Other Coagulants
Morteza GholizadehIn this study, the effect of various factors on the permeability of CO2 and O2 gases on light polyethylene can be investigated. temperature, gas pressure and polymer thickness factors affect the permeability of gases. Various models such as DSC model and a device with A MoreIn this study, the effect of various factors on the permeability of CO2 and O2 gases on light polyethylene can be investigated. temperature, gas pressure and polymer thickness factors affect the permeability of gases. Various models such as DSC model and a device with ASTM standard and barometric method were used in the measurements. the results of the mentioned models show that with increasing temperature, the coefficients of permeability and permeability and solubility increase. also, increasing the pressure reduces the passing coefficient by a certain amount. But after a certain amount, the increase in pressure does not work. also, increasing the pressure has no effect on the permeability coefficient. In the case of solubility coefficient, increasing to a pressure range reduces this coefficient, then reaches a constant value. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Analysis of the Strategic role of universities and scientific centers in the development of industrial clusters; Case Study of polyethylene industrial cluster of Kermanshah
Mehrdad Madhoshi Milad Moradi DizgaraniIndustrial Cluster is acoherent combination of specialists, venture capital, firms with superior technology and physical infrastructure that in the vicinity of universities, science and technology parks and research centers, and in a certain geographic area, produces kn MoreIndustrial Cluster is acoherent combination of specialists, venture capital, firms with superior technology and physical infrastructure that in the vicinity of universities, science and technology parks and research centers, and in a certain geographic area, produces knowledge oriented goods and services by a market-oriented management. this study is an attempt to examine the most important roles of universities and scientific centers in the development of polyethylene industrial cluster of Kermanshah. This study is an applied one according to the purpose and it is a descriptive survey according to the method. The research statistical population has consisted of managers of active firms in industrial cluster and industrial cluster polyethylene-related faculty members at universities in Kermanshah province, that the total population has been considered as sample. Also, the data collection tool is researcher made questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS and AMOS softwares. The findings suggest that universities and scientific centers due to high-quality laborforce, commercialization of technology and establishment of knowledge based firms are effective on the development of polyethylene industrial cluster of Kermanshah Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Effect of Osmotic Stress on Seed Germination Indices of Nigella sativa and Silybum marianum
حمیدرضا Balouchi A. Yadavi M. Movahedi DehnaviEvaluation of medicinal plants to drought and salt stress tolerance, in an attempt to plant them under drought and saline regions, is of utmost importance. Environmental stresses, especially drought and salt, reduce the global crop yields more than other factors. Select MoreEvaluation of medicinal plants to drought and salt stress tolerance, in an attempt to plant them under drought and saline regions, is of utmost importance. Environmental stresses, especially drought and salt, reduce the global crop yields more than other factors. Selection of drought tolerant crops at germination stage, usually is, the fast and low cost method. In order to study the effect of osmotic stress on germination indices of black cumin and milk thistle, an experiment carried out in a completely randomized design with four replications at the Seed Technology Laboratoary of Yasouj University in 2008. Treatments were 0 (as control), -2.4, -4.8, -7.2 and -9.4 bar osmotic potentials created by using PEG 6000. Results showed that, decreasing of osmotic potential reduced speed of germination and its percentage, root and shoot lengths and dry matter in these two plants. Black cumin showed higher tolerance, to -4.8 bar osmotic potential, as compared to milk thistle. However, milk thistle showed higher tolerance to drought stress, up to this osmotic potential (-4.8 bar), compared to black cumin. Milk thistle had lower germination speed and percentage at higher drought stress as compared to black cumin. Generally, milk thistle showed better growth and survival than black cumin due to its higher root and shoot length and dry matter. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - The effect of fish powder using on wood plastic composite biodegradability
ali kazemiAs the use of wood plastic composites (WPC) in various industries has increased significantly and due to the high importance of environmental issues in industry and research and the fact that products made of petroleum polymers have too little biodegradability, it is im MoreAs the use of wood plastic composites (WPC) in various industries has increased significantly and due to the high importance of environmental issues in industry and research and the fact that products made of petroleum polymers have too little biodegradability, it is important to conduct research to improve and solve this environmental problem. Due to the high amount of volatile nitrogen, low quality fish powder is not used in the industry, and as a result, it can be use as cheap and biodegradable filler in wood plastic. In this research, the effect of fish powder amount, substrate type, and coupling agent (MAPE) amount on the physical characteristics of wood-plastic composite was investigated. The results showed that by increasing fish powder amount and decreasing coupling agent amount, the highest amount of degradability is obtained. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Fabrication of high–strength alumina composite foams through gel–casting process
Sanaz Naghibi Elham Sheikhi -
Open Access Article
25 - Polyethylene Glycol Coated NiFe2O4 Nanoparticles Produced by Solution Plasma Method for Biomedical Applications
Masoud Shabani Ehsan Saebnoori Ali Hassanzadeh-Tabrizi Hamid Reza Bakhsheshi-Rad -
Open Access Article
26 - Effect of premixing of spermidine and polyethylene glycol on germination and physiological and morphological activity in Triticum durum wheat with Salinity stress
Parvane RahdariIn order to effect of spermidine and polyethylene glycol pretreatment on germination and some physiological and morphological activity durum wheat under salinity stress a experiment with 20 treatments, three replications was conducted in 60 experimental units. Tre MoreIn order to effect of spermidine and polyethylene glycol pretreatment on germination and some physiological and morphological activity durum wheat under salinity stress a experiment with 20 treatments, three replications was conducted in 60 experimental units. Treatments included five levels of spermidine (0/ 02,0/ 05,0/ 1 and 0/15 mM) and four levels of polyethylene glycol (0- 2,- 4 and -5 bar). The results showed that the use of spermidine increased the relative weight contact of leaf (RWC), leaf area ratio, chlorophyll s and phenolic compounds . In this study, carotenoids content and leaf antioxidant activity decreased with increasing spermidine level and also had no statistically significant effect on germination. With increase of polyetylen glycol antioxidant activity, carbohydrates and total phenolics increased but decreased germination. Therefore, according to the above results, application of spermidine and polyethylene glycol as seed pre-treatments can have significant effects on physiological and morphological activities in stress conditions and increase plant potency under stress conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Evaluation of drought tolerance in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) genotypes using germination traits and indices under drought conditions
Mohammad Amin Baghery Seyed Kamal Kazemitabar Ali Dehestani Pooyan Mehrabanjoubani Hamid Najafi ZariniSesame as one of the most important oilseed crops has high industrial, food, and medicinal potentials. Drought stress challenges sesame production, especially at the germination and seedling stages. To screen sesame genotypes for drought tolerance at the germination sta MoreSesame as one of the most important oilseed crops has high industrial, food, and medicinal potentials. Drought stress challenges sesame production, especially at the germination and seedling stages. To screen sesame genotypes for drought tolerance at the germination stage, a factorial experiment was performed in a completely randomized design with 3 replications. The studied factors included 4 drought levels induced by polyethylene glycol (concentrations of 0%, 20%, 25%, and 30%) and 15 sesame genotypes. Based on the results of ANOVA, the effect of genotype, drought, and their interaction on all studied traits including germination rate, germination speed, vigor index 1 and 2, radicle length, plumule length, and seedling fresh and dry weight was significant (P<0.01). Significant reduction (P<0.05) was observed in all levels of stress compared to the control in the studied traits. Germination rate, radicle length, and plumule length (with 10%, 17%, and 18% reduction, respectively) showed less sensitivity to drought stress at weak level (20% concentration), while the most negative effect was obtained for vigor index 2, seedling dry weight and seedling fresh weight (with 52.5%, 47.3%, and 34.4% reduction, respectively). On the other hand, the highest decrease was observed in plumule length, vigor index 1 and 2 (98%, 97%, and 96%, respectively), under severe drought (30% concentration). The calculated drought tolerance indices of each trait were used for principal component analysis and biplot visualization. Thus, genotypes were divided into 5 categories based on tolerance. Dashtestan 2 and Darab 1 genotypes were selected as the most tolerant and Qaem, Yekta, Sudan, and Kerman genotypes were selected as the most sensitive genotypes. The findings of this study can be used in future studies and breeding programs of sesame for drought tolerance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Investigation of the effect of packaging film, temperature and storage time on biochemical characteristics of Rosmarinus officinalis L.
Feryal Varasteh Azim Ghasemnejad Sahar ZamaniEffects of packaging film, temperature, and storage time on the biochemical properties of dried leaves of Rosmarinus officinalis L. were investigated in a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design at Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natu MoreEffects of packaging film, temperature, and storage time on the biochemical properties of dried leaves of Rosmarinus officinalis L. were investigated in a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design at Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources during 2017-2018. Plant samples were collected and shade-dried from the newly grown branches of eight-year-old plants in June. Then, the samples were packed in packaging films including control (without coating), polyamide 80, 90, and 120 µ, polyethylene 90 µ and common plastic, before they were stored at 4 ℃ and 25 ℃ for one year. The biochemical compounds of the plant were measured every three-months. Chlorophylls and carotenoids were measured using dimethyl sulfoxide method. Phenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity were assayed by Folin-Ciocalteu, aluminum-chloride, and DPPH method. Findings showed that chlorophylls and carotenoids decreased over time; however, 4 ℃ preserved the pigments better than 25 ℃. The highest phenol content (4.5 mg/g) was observed in common plastic after 6 months, and the highest flavonoids (2.87 mg/g) was observed in polyamide 90 µ and polyethylene 90 µ stored for 3 months at 4 ℃. Total phenols and flavonoids in treatments were 1.78 and 3 times higher than the samples without coating stored for 12 months at 25 ℃. The highest antioxidant activity was observed in all packages at the beginning of the experiment, and the antioxidant activity decreased by 30.8% after 12 months storage at 25 ℃ without coating. According to the findings of the study, in order to preserve the quality of dried rosemary leaves, they are recommended to be stored in polyamide 90 and 120 µ and polyethylene 90 µ at 4 ℃ for 3 months, because in these treatments, in addition to the increase in total phenols and flavonoids (1.2-1.3 times compared to the beginning of the experiment), the content of total chlorophylls, carotenoids, and antioxidant activity did not increase highly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - One-pot and efficient synthesis of triazolo[1,2-a]indazole-triones catalyzed by poly(ethylene glycol) based magnetic dicationic ionic liquid
Bijan Mombeni Goodajdar Soghra Soleimani -
Open Access Article
30 - Trifluoroacetate-bonded polyethylene graphene oxide composite as a novel and efficient catalyst for the synthesis of benzimidazoles under solvent-free conditions
Esmael Rostami Seyed Mahdi Haghayeghi -
Open Access Article
31 - اثر تانن تفاله انگور و برگ بلوط بر گوارشپذیری آزمایشگاهی ماده آلی و تجزیهپذیری شکمبهای در گوسفند
M.J. Abarghuei Y. Rouzbehan D. Alipourاثر تانن­های تفاله انگور و برگ بلوط با استفاده از سه سری آزمون تولید گاز بر گوارش­پذیری آزمایشگاهی ماده آلی و تجزیه­پذیری شکمبه­ای ماده خشک و پروتئین خام در گوسفند مورد آزمایش قرار گرفت. پلی­اتیلن­گلیکول برای خنثی کردن اثرات تانن استفاده گردید. ت Moreاثر تانن­های تفاله انگور و برگ بلوط با استفاده از سه سری آزمون تولید گاز بر گوارش­پذیری آزمایشگاهی ماده آلی و تجزیه­پذیری شکمبه­ای ماده خشک و پروتئین خام در گوسفند مورد آزمایش قرار گرفت. پلی­اتیلن­گلیکول برای خنثی کردن اثرات تانن استفاده گردید. تولید گاز در زمان­های 2، 4، 6، 8، 12، 24، 48، 72، 96 و 120 ساعت انکوباسیون ثبت گردید. ترکیب شیمیایی (گرم در کیلوگرم ماده خشک) تفاله انگور و برگ بلوط تعیین گردید و مقادیر ماده آلی 940 و 940، پروتئین خام 94 و 116، دیواره سلولی 568 و 515، دیواره سلولی بدون همی­سلولز 467 و 316، لیگنین 242 و 93، کل ترکیبات فنولیک 5/70 و 82، تانن کل 7/49 و 73، تانن متراکم 79 و 4/5، تانن قابل هیدرولیز 40 و 70 بود. استفاده تفاله انگور و برگ بلوط مقدار گوارش­پذیری آزمایشگاهی ماده آلی، اسیدهای چرب فرار کوتاه زنجیره، بخش غیر قابل­ حل ولی قابل تخمیر و سرعت تخمیر را در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد کاهش داد (05/0P<). افزودن پلیاتیلن­گلیکول مقدار تولید گاز را در کل زمان­های انکوباسیون افزایش داد. کنتیک تولید گاز، گوارش­پذیری آزمایشگاهی ماده آلی و اسیدهای چرب فرار کوتاه زنجیره با افزودن پلی­اتیلن­گلیکول افزایش یافتند (05/0P<). درصد افزایش تولید گاز در تفاله انگور بیشتر از برگ بلوط بود. مقادیر پروتوزوآی کل، جنس ایزوتریجا و داسی­تریچا و زیرخانواده­های انتودینینه، دیپلودینینه و افریوسکالسینه با اضافه کردن تفاله انگور و برگ بلوط کاهش یافتند. با افزودن پلی­اتیلن­گلیکول به تیمار حاوی تفاله انگور، جمعیت پروتوزوآی کل، زیرخانواده­های انتودینینه، دیپلودینینه و افریوسکالسینه را افزایش یافت (05/0P<)، ولی در تیمار حاوی برگ بلوط جنس ایزوتریچا و داسی­تریچا و زیرخانواده دیپلودینینه افزایش یافت (05/0P<). مقدار تجزیه­پذیری مؤثر ماده خشک و پروتئین خام (گرم در کیلوگرم ماده خشک) یونجه، تفاله انگور و بر بلوط به ترتیب (6/646، 7/357، 3/362) و (821، 3/227، 202) بر اساس روش کیسه­های نایلونی برآورد گردید. در کل، استفاده از تفاله انگور و برگ بلوط تولید آمونیاک و جمعیت پروتوزوآ را کاهش داد. جیره­های حاوی تفاله انگور و برگ بلوط در مقایسه با یونجه قابلیت ­تخمیر کمتری داشتند. افزودن پلی­اتیلن­گلیکول به جیره­های حاوی تفاله انگور و برگ بلوط قابلیت ­تخمیر را بهبود بخشید. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - The Influences of Adding Polyethylene Glycol and Activated Sodium Bentonite on the Performance, Blood Parameters, and Muscle Mineral Content of Saanen Goats Fed Pistachio Byproducts
M. Kordi A.A. Naserian F. Samadian -
Open Access Article
33 - بخش بندی پروتئین خام و تولید گاز در سیلاژهای یونجه عملآوری شده با عصاره محصولات فرعی پسته در شرایط آزمایشگاه
ا. مختارپور ع.ع. ناصریان ر. ولیزاده م. دانش مسگران ف. پورملاییبه منظور بررسی بخش­های مختلف پروتئین خام و تولید گاز در شرایط آزمایشگاه در سیلاژهای یونجه عملآوری شده با سطوح مختلف عصاره محصولات فرعی پسته و ارزیابی ارزش زیستی تانن­های آن، دو آزمایش انجام شد. محصولات فرعی پسته با نسبت 1:5 (وزن به حجم) به مدت 12 ساعت در آب خیس Moreبه منظور بررسی بخش­های مختلف پروتئین خام و تولید گاز در شرایط آزمایشگاه در سیلاژهای یونجه عملآوری شده با سطوح مختلف عصاره محصولات فرعی پسته و ارزیابی ارزش زیستی تانن­های آن، دو آزمایش انجام شد. محصولات فرعی پسته با نسبت 1:5 (وزن به حجم) به مدت 12 ساعت در آب خیسانده شدند. پس از صاف کردن و تغلیظ، عصاره خام به علوفه تازه یونجه اضافه شد تا به ترتیب سطوح 1، 2 و 3 درصد ماده خشک یونجه، تانن به دست آید و سپس به مدت 60 روز سیلو شدند. چهار تیمار به این ترتیب بود؛ سیلاژ یونجه بدون عملآوری با عصاره محصولات فرعی پسته، به عنوان شاهد (T0)، اضافه کردن تانن محصولات فرعی پسته در سطح 1 درصد (T1)، 2 درصد (T2) و 3 درصد ماد خشک (T3). عملآوری سیلاژ یونجه، میزان ترکیبات نیتروژنه غیر پروتئینی را کاهش و بخش B2 را در طی سیلو شدن، افزایش داد. تولید گاز تجمعی پس از 96 ساعت انکوباسیون، قابلیت هضم ماده آلی (OMD) و انرژی قابل متابولیسم (ME) در تیمار T2 و T3 در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد کاهش پیدا کرد. میزان تولید گاز و اسیدهای چرب کوتاه زنجیر (SCFA) در سیلاژهای عملآوری شده در حضور پلی اتیلن گلیکول (PEG) افزایش یافت که نشان می­دهد وجود ترکیبات فنولی و تانن­ها باعث کاهش تولید گاز شد. می­توان نتیجه گرفت که عملآوری سیلاژ یونجه با عصاره محصولات فرعی پسته از طریق ممانعت میکروبی، می­تواند منجر به کاهش هدرروی نیتروژن در طی سیلو شدن و کاهش تجزیه پذیری ماده آلی شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Investigate and Compare the Performance of Channel and Low Pressure Polyethylene Pipes for Hydraulic (Case Study: Plain of Shush)
Mahmoud Malekpour Behrooz DahanzadehIran is one of the countries that is weathered in most of its regions with hot, dry and semi-arid weather. According to the average rainfall in the world, which is 860 mm in Iran and 240 mm in Iran, rainfall in Iran is very low.Meanwhile, with the increase and construct MoreIran is one of the countries that is weathered in most of its regions with hot, dry and semi-arid weather. According to the average rainfall in the world, which is 860 mm in Iran and 240 mm in Iran, rainfall in Iran is very low.Meanwhile, with the increase and construction of wells and the abundance of underground water reserves, the surface of these waters has fallen sharply, with increasing population, it is necessary to use modern methods of irrigation for optimal use of aquifers and cemeteries.For this reason, in this study, a case study was carried out in Araez Plain, located in the city of Susa, and compared the implementation of canal and one of the newest methods of irrigation, polyethylene low pressure pipe, using hydraulic, using the basics of design, maps, documents Contract, books, articles, pamphlets, calculations, hydraulic modeling, observations and field visits from the stages of material supply, implementation, duration of implementation.The results showed that due to lower water losses and optimal water use, the speed of operation and ease of implementation, the delivery of water to operators in shorter time, less land plots, and the optimal use of hydraulic hydraulics, polyethylene low pressure pipe Canal is preferable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Investigating and Comparing Canalet and Low-Pressure Polyethylene Pipe for Exploitation in Irrigation (Case Study: Araez Plain, Shoush)
Mahmoud Malekpour Bfhrooz DahanzadehSince one of the major problems the country is the lack of Precipitation and having areas that are mostly hot and dry As well as the indiscriminate harvesting of underground water resources and population growth adding, The country's water crisis by taking into account MoreSince one of the major problems the country is the lack of Precipitation and having areas that are mostly hot and dry As well as the indiscriminate harvesting of underground water resources and population growth adding, The country's water crisis by taking into account the recent drought years this problem has been doub We should think about our use of Precipitatio he city of Shoush, especially for plain Arayez between prefabricated concrete channel (channel) and low pressure polyethylene pipes and comparative review of the operation is done n and Water Resources. But because in the 2-year-old irrigation network utilization does not pass And the areas that need more years of operation they are going to investigate The channel region of Dezful mustache, about 20 years of operation it is g And low pressure polyethylene pipes Mnyvhy Abadan area nearly 10 years of operation it is going research and visited oing The results are plain to Arayez be used. After investigation And compare the advantages and disadvantages of each of the systems and according to soil type and climate Arayez plain concluded That the benefit of a low-pressure polyethylene pipe is very appropriate channel. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Review and Compare of Hydraulic and Low-Pressure Polyethylene Canalet and Pipe Run
mahmoud malekpour Bfhrooz DahanzadehIran is one of the countries that most of it has a warm climate, dry and semi-dry.The average rainfall in the world that is 860 mm and 240 mm in Iran Rainfall precipitation in Iran is very low . Meanwhile, with the increase and construction of wells excessive and uncont MoreIran is one of the countries that most of it has a warm climate, dry and semi-dry.The average rainfall in the world that is 860 mm and 240 mm in Iran Rainfall precipitation in Iran is very low . Meanwhile, with the increase and construction of wells excessive and uncontrolled exploitation of reserves of underground water in the water level drastically gone down and our country grew and population growth, it is necessary for the optimal use of water resources and Precipitation of modern methods of irrigation. That's why in this case study on the plain Arayez located in the city of Susa to investigate and compare the performance of your channel and one of the modern irrigation techniques the pipes of low pressure polyethylene hydraulically using the principles of design, drawings, documents Treaty, books, articles, pamphlets, calculations, hydraulic modeling, observations and field surveys of the materials, performance, time has run out. The results showed that due to fewer losses of water and efficient use of water, speed of operation and high ease of implementation, water delivery to beneficiaries in a shorter time, toss less land and more efficient use of hydraulic head water pipe of low pressure polyethylene on channel is preferred. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Antioxidant capacity and chemical composition of Carum copticum under PEG treatment.
Roya Razavizadeh Mozhdeh Karami -
Open Access Article
38 - Effects of hydro- and bio-priming on some physiological and biochemical characteristics of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) seedlings under drought stress
Saba Dashab Heshmat Omidi -
Open Access Article
39 - Study of genetic variation of rice genotypes on the germination components and seedling growth in the drought stress condition
zahra khodarahmpour Elahe Ghorbani Abdolali GilaniThe present study was conducted to study genetic diversity in 26 rice genotypes (lRRl heat tolerant collection) in 2016 in Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center as a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with three replicati MoreThe present study was conducted to study genetic diversity in 26 rice genotypes (lRRl heat tolerant collection) in 2016 in Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center as a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with three replications including 24 lines and 2 hybrids as the first factor and drought stress with PEG 6000 in 5 levels of zero (control), -0.3, -1.8, -3.3 and -4.8 Bar were performed as the second factor. The results of analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference between drought levels, genotypes and their interaction in all traits at a probability level of one percent. The lowest indices of germination and seedling growth were observed at the level of -4.8 Bar. The highest positive and significant correlation (r = %90**) was obtained between shoot length and seedling length. In principal component analysis, the four first components accounted for 85% of the total diversity. Cluster analysis with Ward method included genotypes in three clusters. In the first cluster of lines 48, 15, 35, 44, 42, 20, 19, 5, 28, 10, 16, 4, 2, 55, 53, 31, 34, 36 and HB2 hybrid, in the second cluster of lines 25 and 23 and hybrid HB1 and in the third cluster were lines 40, 13, 41 and 21. According to the results of mean of comparison, biplot and cluster analysis of the second cluster genotypes in terms of germination rate, shoot length, root length, seedling length, s Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - The Effect of Drought Stress on Germination and Early Growth of Sesamum indicum Seedling’s Varieties under Laboratory Conditions
Mohammad Hossein Bijeh keshavarziEnvironmental stresses specially drought, play an important role in decreasing plant growth, particularly during germination in dry and semi dry area. To considering the effect of drought stress caused by polyethylene glycol on germination and characteristics of 2 spice MoreEnvironmental stresses specially drought, play an important role in decreasing plant growth, particularly during germination in dry and semi dry area. To considering the effect of drought stress caused by polyethylene glycol on germination and characteristics of 2 spices of Sesamum indicum, we had done factorial and complete accidental plot with 4 treatments and 3 times repetition. Experimental treatments included osmotic potential in 4 levels (0, -4, -6, -10 bar) which was produced by polyethylene glycol 6000 and 2 sesame species (Safi Abadi and Dezfol). All data had been analyzed by SAS software and comparison of means had been done by Duncan test at 5% probable level. The results showed that, percentage and speed of all spices’ germination decline by osmotic potential enhancement. Other measured parameters such as radicle and coleoptile length, dry and wet weight declined by increasing osmotic potential as well. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Investigating the effect of zeolite catalyst in the co-pyrolysis of low density polyethylene and poplar wood
Sepideh Behnam Mortaza GholizadehIn this study, the effect of zeolite on the process of mixing poplar wood and low density polyethylene (LDPE) was investigated. For this purpose, in a laboratory-sized reactor, 15 g of this mixture was loaded and pyrolysis of the mixture was performed at 500 °C, atm MoreIn this study, the effect of zeolite on the process of mixing poplar wood and low density polyethylene (LDPE) was investigated. For this purpose, in a laboratory-sized reactor, 15 g of this mixture was loaded and pyrolysis of the mixture was performed at 500 °C, atmospheric pressure, and in the atmosphere of nitrogen gas. Addition of A4 zeolite catalyst to the pyrolysis of poplar wood and LDPE increased the amount of tar. The produced tar had two groups of aliphatic and aromatic compounds. The catalyst also increased the amount of aromatic substances in the tar and improved the quality of the tar by deoxygenation. According to the results of SEM analysis, it was found that the structure of the solutions produced by thermal and catalytic pyrolysis was similar to the structure of poplar wood. However, the catalytic products had more porosity. The results of FTIR analysis showed that the addition of catalyst caused a slight deoxygenation of wax surface obtained from catalytic pyrolysis and also reduced the amount of wax produced. These results showed that A4 zeolite catalyst tended to deoxygenate the surface of the products. According to the XRD patterns and elemental analysis of the catalyst, it was determined that a very small amount of coke was formed on the catalyst after the reaction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Effect of the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium bromide as adjuvant on the formation of {PEG 600-potassium citrate} aqueous biphasic system at different temperatures
Sholeh Hamzehzadeh Mostafa AbbasiAbstract: In biotechnology, separation, extraction, and purification of biomolecules using aqueous biphasic systems, as environmental and economic sustainable alternatives for conventional water-organic solvent extraction techniques, have always been the focus of great MoreAbstract: In biotechnology, separation, extraction, and purification of biomolecules using aqueous biphasic systems, as environmental and economic sustainable alternatives for conventional water-organic solvent extraction techniques, have always been the focus of great attention and examina-tion. One approach proposed by researchers is based on the use of ionic liquids (ILs) as adjuvants in ABS, making the capability of these systems for the extraction of biomolecules to be promoted. In this regard, this work is devoted to study the effect of IL 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium bromide ([C4C1im] Br) on the formation of ABS Composed of a polyethylene glycol (PEG) with molecular weight 600 and a biodegradable organic salt potassium citrate. For this purpose, the binodal curves and the liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) data of the studied ABS, along with the partition coeffi-cients of [C4C1im]Br were determined at two temperatures of 278.15 K and 318.15 K. The results obtained indicate that the ability of [C4C1im]Br to promote the formation of the studied ABS de-creases with increasing temperature, so that at 318.15 K, the addition of IL makes the formation of two-phase system more difficult. In addition, [C4C1im]Br displays the partition coefficients greater than one for all the compositions and temperatures studied, which increases with increasing TLL at a given temperature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Biodesulphurization of dibenzothiophene as a sulphur Model compound in heavy fuel oil by supported bacterial strain on polyethylene
Babak Ghorbani Barnaji Soroor Sadeghi farhad salimiA new biodesulfurization method has been considered using Pseudomonas aeruginosa supported on polyethylene (PE) for biodesulfurization (BDS) of dibenzothiophene (DBT) as heavy fuel oil sulphur compound model. The obtained results according to Spectrophotometric analysis MoreA new biodesulfurization method has been considered using Pseudomonas aeruginosa supported on polyethylene (PE) for biodesulfurization (BDS) of dibenzothiophene (DBT) as heavy fuel oil sulphur compound model. The obtained results according to Spectrophotometric analysis at 325 nm showed that 90.54 % of DBT at the primary concentration about 5 (mg.L-1), pH=7, biocatalyst dosage of 0.1 g, in 37 °C and after 90 min of contact time has been removed. These optimum conditions have been applied for heavy fuel oil (mazut) samples and the biodegradation of their total sulphur content (TSC) has been investigated by X- ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF). The obtained results revealed that 33.075 % of total sulphur content from mazut sample has been removed. Kinetic study predicted the chemisorption process as the rate determining step, as it followed the pseudo-second-order rate equation. The data for DBT adsorption on biocatalyst fitted to the Freundlich isotherm model. Morphology and surface functional groups of the biocatalyst have been investigated by SEM and FT-IR, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Homogenizing Electric Field of Lightning in L.P.S. XLPE Descending Conductor
Ali Amirjalali Seyed Mohammad Hassan Hosseini -
Open Access Article
45 - Molecular Identification of Native Pseudomonas Strains with Polyethylene Degradation Ability from Soil
Hanieh Shahreza Abbas Akhavan Sepahi farzaneh hosseini Ramezan Ali KhavarinejadBackground & Objectives: Nowadays, high consumption plastics such as polyethylene are recognized as one of the major environmental pollutants by the World Environment Organization. The aim of this study was to isolate MoreBackground & Objectives: Nowadays, high consumption plastics such as polyethylene are recognized as one of the major environmental pollutants by the World Environment Organization. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify native Pseudomonas bacterial strains with the polyethylene packaging degradation ability. Materials & Methods: In order to conduct this study, soil samples were collected. In order to isolate the isolates with polyethylene degradation ability, two methods of direct culture and culture by pre-enrichment method were used. After culturing the bacteria in MSM medium and examining the percentage of plastic weight loss, the superior strain was selected for DNA extraction and PCR of alk-B gene. PCR results were sequenced and examined phylogenetically. Results: The results of the present study showed that the percentage of degradation of polyethylene by Pseudomonas strains was 7.2% at most and 4.5% on average. Also, all purified degrading bacteria in this study harbored alk-B gene. Conclusion: The results showed that the degradation of polyethylene materials can be significantly accelerated by using and optimizing bacteria isolated from soil. It seems that by promoting genetic methods based on the genome of bacteria, especially the strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, it is possible to develop methods during which all commonly used types of polyethylene are degraded in a much shorter time than normal. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Effect of irrigation and different Mulch on some vegetative and reproductive characteristics of starch (Zinnia elegans)
Asiyeh ghattaly رامین بابادائی سامانیZinnia flowers have many usages in landscaping but because of the recent drought the quality and quantity of the flowers have reduced. So, the aim of the current research is to evaluate the effects of different mulches and irrigation intervals on some of the vegetative MoreZinnia flowers have many usages in landscaping but because of the recent drought the quality and quantity of the flowers have reduced. So, the aim of the current research is to evaluate the effects of different mulches and irrigation intervals on some of the vegetative and reproductive features of the plant (Zinnia Elegans). This experiment was accomplished in the factorial basis and in the form of random block plan in three replications. Factors include three levels of irrigation (3, 5, and 7 days) and four types of mulches (Dark polyethylene, transparent polyethylene, woodchips and mulch less). The thickest diameter of Zinnia related to the usage of woodchips and 3-day irrigation. Using the same mulch and different irrigation (5-day) was not considerably different. The highest Zinnia was seen when the woodchips and 3-day irrigation applied. The lowest height was in the absence of mulches and 5/7-day irrigation. The branches increased mostly when woodchips and 3-day irrigation applied. The usage of polyethylene and 3-day irrigation was not considerably different. The heaviest dry/wet root related to the usage of woodchips and 3-day irrigation. The dry and wet weight of the root reduced considerably in the absence of mulches and 5/7-day irrigation. The heaviest dry and wet shoot flowers using 3-day irrigation was more than other treatments. The most leaf was seen when the woodchips or transparent polyethylene were applied with the 3-day irrigation. The chlorophyll content increased mostly when woodchips was applied with the 7-day irrigation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Investigation of Polyethylene Mulch on Improvement of Tomato Water Use Efficiency using AquaCrop Model
razieh Eskandaripour afshin khorsand vahid rezaverdinejad kamran zeinalzazdeh amir NorjooIn this study, the Aquacrop model was evaluated to predict the crop yield and the water use efficiency of tomato in climatic conditions Kahriz region, and use mulch cover was modeling. The research was carried out at split plot factorial experiment based on randomized d MoreIn this study, the Aquacrop model was evaluated to predict the crop yield and the water use efficiency of tomato in climatic conditions Kahriz region, and use mulch cover was modeling. The research was carried out at split plot factorial experiment based on randomized design. The factors of between-row spacing (100 and 120cm), in-row spacing (30 and 40cm) and black plastic were studied. The treatment of black plastic were: full ridge and half furrow were covered by mulch; full furrow and half ridge were covered by mulch and control (no mulch). Every plot was irrigated separately. The model was calibrated by the use of first year’s data, and as a result on the base of R2 (0.99) and NRMSE (0.19). Efficiency parameters, it is obvious that Aquacrop appropriately simulates the crop yield, WUE and soil water content of the root zone for tomato under different planting densities and three types of mulch. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Responses of Almond Genotypes to Osmotic Stress Induced In Vitro
S. Karimi A. Yadollahi K. Arzani -
Open Access Article
49 - Study of Changes in Soil Moisture and Salinity Under PlasticMulch and Drip Irrigation in Pistachio Trees
N.. Sedaghati A. Alizadeh H. Ansari S. J. Hosseinifard -
Open Access Article
50 - Physiological and Morphological Responses of Almond Cultivars under In Vitro Drought Stress
Ehsan Akbarpour Ali Imani Shahin Ferdowskhah Yeganeh -
Open Access Article
51 - Chemical cross linking versus high energy electron beam cross linking of HDPE: electrical properties study
Nooredin Goodarzian Mohammad Amin Shamekhi -
Open Access Article
52 - Thermal and catalytic degradation study of polyethylene and investigation the catalytic effect of X-Zeolite and Silica-Alumina on degradation kinetic
Mohammad Taghi Taghizadeh Parinaz Seifi-Aghjekohal Ali Bahadori, Banafsheh Zeraatkar -
Open Access Article
53 - Selecting Drought Resistant Sweet Corn Cultivars Based on Germination Percentage and Seedling Proline Content under Osmotic Potentials Stress
Ali Shahriari Adam B Puteh Ghizan B Saleh Anuar B Abdul Rahim -
Open Access Article
54 - The effects of drought stress on seed germination and some of morphological and physiological traits in Trachyspermum ammi
امین باقی زاده Malihe Afroushte Baratali FakheriIn order to assess the response of ajowan to drought stress that induced by PEG 6000 on germination and growth stages, two separate experiments that in each useed completely randomized design with three replications were done. In first experiment, the response of germin MoreIn order to assess the response of ajowan to drought stress that induced by PEG 6000 on germination and growth stages, two separate experiments that in each useed completely randomized design with three replications were done. In first experiment, the response of germination of ajowan seeds was investigated to different levels of drought stress include osmotic potential of zero (control), - 1/5, -2, -2/5 and -3bar that prepared by PEG6000. The second experiment was same first, but in this experiment, morphological and physiological characters of ajowan in different level of drought stress were evaluated. Results of Anova at our data showed that drought stress has significant effect (p≤0/01) on germination characters such as germination percentage, germination rate, height of plumule, length of radicle, dry weight of radicle and plumule. Mean comparison of treatments showed, with increase in drought stress, all the above characters have been reduced. Morphological traits such as leaf area, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root and shoot dry weight ratio to root decreased under drought stress. Also, drought stress had a significant effect on the amount of proline and soluble sugars in the aerial part and root. Comparison of mean of treatments showed that, with increasing stress, the amount of proline and soluble sugars in the shoot and root increased (p≤0/01). The results showed, that germination parameters were reduced by drought stress. Ajowan showed differently responce to tolerate drought stress. Ajowan plant for tolerance to drought stress has different reactions, including reduction of traits such as leaf area and dry and fresh weight of aerial part and root and increase traits such as proline content and soluble sugars. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - The effects of drought stress on seed germination and some of morphological and physiological traits in Trachyspermum ammi
A. Baghizadeh M. Afroushte, B. FakheriIn order to assess the response of ajowan to drought stress that induced by PEG 6000 on germination and growth stages, two separate experiments that in each useed completely randomized design with three replications were done. In first experiment, the response of germin MoreIn order to assess the response of ajowan to drought stress that induced by PEG 6000 on germination and growth stages, two separate experiments that in each useed completely randomized design with three replications were done. In first experiment, the response of germination of ajowan seeds was investigated to different levels of drought stress include osmotic potential of zero (control), - 1.5, -2, -2.5 and -3bar that prepared by PEG6000. The second experiment was same first, but in this experiment, morphological and physiological characters of ajowan in different level of drought stress were evaluated. Results of Anova at our data showed that drought stress has significant effect (p≤0/01) on germination characters such as germination percentage, germination rate, height of plumule, length of radicle, dry weight of radicle and plumule. Mean comparison of treatments showed, with increase in drought stress, all the above characters have been reduced. Morphological traits such as leaf area, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root and shoot dry weight ratio to root decreased under drought stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Effects of Osmotic Potential on Germination and some Characters in cimin (Cuminum Cyminum ) Genotypes
M. kakaei D. Kahrizi M. MansouriTo control water potential in seed germination studies osmotic solution of polyethylene glycol (PEG) are commonly used environmental stress, such as drought and (Osmotic) stress can play an important role in disturbing different stage of medical plant growth, developmen MoreTo control water potential in seed germination studies osmotic solution of polyethylene glycol (PEG) are commonly used environmental stress, such as drought and (Osmotic) stress can play an important role in disturbing different stage of medical plant growth, development, and especially seed germination in arid and regions high percent of medicines are used for people have plant origin. With attention to the development of drought area and the shortage of agricultural area, it comes in to great importance to make use of drought tolerant plant an experiment was carried out in order to study the effect of different drought (Osmotic) levels on Cuminum Cyminum in germination in a completely randomized design with three replications. Drought (Osmotic) levels applied were zero (Control), 5%, 10% and 15% (0, -0.03, -0.19 and -0.41 Mpa). The purpose of this study was to determine genotype in PEG solution had a detrimental effect on germination percentage and germination rate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Effect of silver nanoparticles on the crystallinity of polyethylene
مریم ابارشی سکینه مسگر شاهرودیIn the current research, the effect of silver (Ag) nanoparticles on the crystallinity of polyethylene was investigated. For this purpose, Ag nanoparticles were synthesized using chemical reduction method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–visible spe MoreIn the current research, the effect of silver (Ag) nanoparticles on the crystallinity of polyethylene was investigated. For this purpose, Ag nanoparticles were synthesized using chemical reduction method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–visible spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The mean particle size of Ag NPs was determined about 21.7 nm. The polyethylene-silver Nano composites (PESNs) containing different Ag contents (5, 10, 20 and 30 wt%) were fabricated by mechanical milling method. After the characterization of samples by XRD and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), effect of Ag nanoparticles on the crystallinity of polyethylene was investigated by Nara and Komiya method. Results show that the crystallinity of polyethylene increases from 63.64% to 77.67% as Ag NPs content increases from 0 to 30%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Investigation of mechanical and biological properties of functionalized polycaprolactone and polyethylene glycol diacrylate based scaffold reinforced with hydroxyapatite
نرجس کوپائی Akbar KarkhanehThe purpose of this study is synthesised of functionalized polycaprolactone and polyethylene glycol diacrylate based scaffold in the presence of hydroxyapatite (HA) particles and investigated of mechanical and biological properties of scaffolds. . At the first step, PCL MoreThe purpose of this study is synthesised of functionalized polycaprolactone and polyethylene glycol diacrylate based scaffold in the presence of hydroxyapatite (HA) particles and investigated of mechanical and biological properties of scaffolds. . At the first step, PCL diol was acrylated with acryloyl chloride and confirmed using fourier transform infrared (FTIR).Then, the scaffolds were synthesized by radical crosslinking reaction of polycaprolacton acrylate and polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) in the presence of hydroxyapatite (HA) particles and particulate technique with sodium chloride. The prepared samples were characterized using techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). Results show that increasing the ratio of PEGDA to polycaprolactone diacrylate (PCLDA) led to increase of tan δ peak and decrease of compressive modulus of the network, respectively. It was found that the incorporation of HA particles with the polymer matrices resulted in an increased of compressive modulus and a decrease of tan δ peak. Cytocompatability of the scaffolds were assessed by direct contact test and staining cell. Results indicated no toxicity, and cells attached and spread on the pore walls offered by the scaffols. Thus, the results indicated that the PCLDA/PEGDA/HA scaffolds have the potential of being used as promosing substrates in bone tissue engineering. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Corrosion Inhibition of Polyethylene Glycol on Carbon Steel in Sulfuric Acid Solutions and its Synergism with Schiff Base
sina jahadi mojtaba nasr esfahaniThe inhibiting action of Schiff base and polyethylene glycol (Salpn-PEG) complexes on low-carbon steel corrosion in 0.5 M sulfuric acid was examined using weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization and spectroscopy electrochemical impedance (EIS) techniques. Schiff base MoreThe inhibiting action of Schiff base and polyethylene glycol (Salpn-PEG) complexes on low-carbon steel corrosion in 0.5 M sulfuric acid was examined using weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization and spectroscopy electrochemical impedance (EIS) techniques. Schiff base N, N’-bis(salicyladehyde)-1,3-diaminopropane (Salpn) was synthesized by salicylaldehyde and 1,3- diaminopropane. PEG/Salpn complex with weight ratio 1:4, 2:4 and 3:4 of Salpn and PEG were prepared in methylene chloride solvent by a simple deporotonation procedure. Obtained Results show that PEG/IMZ complex is very effective corrosion inhibitor of carbon steel in the acid environment in compare with PEG, Salpn and noncomplex form of them. Maximum corrosion inhibition was obtained for PEG/Salpn complex with weight ratio 1:4 of Salpn and PEG. The inhibition efficiency increased with the increase in the temperature up to 45°C and decrease in higher temperatures. Results from all the corrosion tests were examined using SEM and are in reasonable good agreement. Adsorption thermodynamic data (〖K 〗_ads and 〖∆G〗_ads ) was calculated using the weight loss data Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Functionalization and stable synthesis of PET-AuNPs nanocomposites by sonochemistry and electrochemical quantitative and qualitative studies with modified AuNPs-PET / CNT / Au electrode
Javad Moradpour Hossein Peyman Hamideh RoshanfekrPolyethylene terephthalate is used in various industries, but due to the lack of functional groups on the surface, it is limited in use and needs surface modification to improve the application. In this study, the surface of PET fibers was first functionalized with carb MorePolyethylene terephthalate is used in various industries, but due to the lack of functional groups on the surface, it is limited in use and needs surface modification to improve the application. In this study, the surface of PET fibers was first functionalized with carboxylic acid groups. Then, in an alkaline medium, gold nanoparticles were synthesized sonochemically on their surface, and the effect of parameters affecting the size and density of nanoparticles was investigated and optimized (temperature, power of ultrasonic device, and pH). The ability of PET-AuNPs nanocomposites to remove industrial dyes from the environment was used, and the removal and measurement of methyl orange dye from aqueous media were used. The effect of initial dye concentration, time, and pH was investigated and optimized. In quantitative electrochemical dye measurements, the modified AuNPs-PET / CNT / Au electrode had a linear response in the range of 20 to 60 μM. The detection limit of this electrode was 55 μM, and the effect of potential scanning speed on peak flow and the effect of solution pH were investigated. Adsorption equation studies have shown that adsorption follows the obedience isotherm. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - The Effects of Adding Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT) on the Mechanical Properties and Biocompatibility of The Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Polymer Matrix (UHMWPE) in Joint Replacements
Mohsen Fakoori Mohammad Taghi khorassani Mehdi kamali dolat abadiUltra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) has been used as the material of choice in joint replacement prosthesis as an articular component for several years. Despite its distinct physical and chemical characteristics, the lifespan of this polymer is limited. On MoreUltra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) has been used as the material of choice in joint replacement prosthesis as an articular component for several years. Despite its distinct physical and chemical characteristics, the lifespan of this polymer is limited. One approach to increase the lifespan and mechanical properties is the use of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). Multi-walled carbon nanotubes are promising candidates for use as a filler phase in polymers due to their excellent mechanical properties and excellent surface-to-volume ratio. In this research, the addition of 0.1% by weight of multi-walled carbon nanotubes functionalized with carboxyl groups was investigated on the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of the UHMWPE base matrix and its comparison with the pure UHMWPE sample. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the presence of characteristic peaks of UHMWPE and carbon nanoparticle in the matrix. X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed an increase in the intensity of the characteristic peaks of the composite compared to the pure sample. The differential scanning calorimetry test (DSC) showed an increase of about 10% in the crystallinity of the composite containing carbon nanotubes (PE/MWCNT). The dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) showed an increase of about 22% in the storage modulus compared to the control sample, and finally, the cell viability through the cell culture test in the PE/MWCNT composite showed a 15 % increase in cell viability. According to mechanical and biocompatibility results, the composite sample can perform better in terms of mechanical loads in bearing surfaces compared to pure UHMWPE. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - بررسی تجربی اثر پارامترهای جوشکاری صفحه داغ بر چقرمگی شکست و استحکام کششی درز جوش قطعات ترموپلاستیکی
امیر هوشمندپور عبدالمحمد رضاوند مهدی نظری مرویانهدف این تحقیق، بررسی استحکام کششی و چقرمگی شکست قطعاتی از جنس پلیاتیلن چگالی بالا است که در دما، فشار و زمان های مختلف و با روش جوشکاری صفحه داغ به یکدیگر جوشکاری شدهاند. نمونههای استاندارد طبق استاندارد به کمک دستگاه برش لیزر از نمونههای جوش داده شده جدا شدهاند و Moreهدف این تحقیق، بررسی استحکام کششی و چقرمگی شکست قطعاتی از جنس پلیاتیلن چگالی بالا است که در دما، فشار و زمان های مختلف و با روش جوشکاری صفحه داغ به یکدیگر جوشکاری شدهاند. نمونههای استاندارد طبق استاندارد به کمک دستگاه برش لیزر از نمونههای جوش داده شده جدا شدهاند و نمودار تنش- کرنش توسط دستگاه کشش تهیه شده است. حداکثر استحکام کششی و چقرمگی شکست از نمودارهای حاصل استخراج شدهاند. نتایج نشان میدهد که استحکام کششی قطعات جوشکاری شده کمتر و چقرمگی شکست آنها بیشتر از قطعات جوشکاری نشده است. همچنین با افزایش زمان و دمای نگهداری، استحکام کششی و چقرمگی شکست بیشتر شده است ولی افزایش فشار باعث خروج ماده ذوب شده پرکننده بین درزجوش دو قطعه و ریزش ماده نرم شده در لبههای قطعه شده است که موجب کاهش استحکام کششی و چقرمگی شکست درز جوش میشود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - The Effects of Polyethylene Terephthalate Surface Treatment by SO2 Plasma on the Polymer Hemocompatibility
F. Ahmadi A. Asef nejad M.T Khorasani M. Daliri JoopariPolyethylene terephthalate polymer is a member of the polyester polymer family that has high mechanical and chemical resistance. The use of artificial vessel prostheses made of polyethylene terephthalate with acceptable physical and biological characteristics is a suita MorePolyethylene terephthalate polymer is a member of the polyester polymer family that has high mechanical and chemical resistance. The use of artificial vessel prostheses made of polyethylene terephthalate with acceptable physical and biological characteristics is a suitable replacement for damaged vessels. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of modifying the surface of polyethylene terephthalate with SO2 plasma on the hemocompatibility of the polymer.Polymer films were exposed to SO2 gas plasma. In order to evaluate surface chemistry changes, FTIR infrared spectroscopy test was performed. 3D imaging with atomic force microscope (AFM) was performed to examine the structural changes and MTT assay and platelet adhesion tests were carried out to investigate the changes in cell activity and coagulation.The results of infrared spectroscopy in the sample treated by plasma with SO2gas confirmed the presence of peaks related tothe symmetrical bonds of SO2in SO3 or SO4 in the sample. AFM images showed the surface structure changes. The MTT assay test proved the non-toxicity of the SO2gas plasma surface modification method. Adhesion and cell and platelet activity tests also showed the anti-clotting effect of the modified polymer.The use of plasma method with SO2gas is a suitable method to modify the surface and to increase blood compatibility of polyethylene terephthalate polymer, and probably can be used for making artificial blood vessels. Manuscript profile
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