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Open Access Article
1 - The Role of Archetypes in the Formation of Social Relations Based on Jung's Approach
Mahdieh Bakhshi sarvenaz torbati ali jafari mohammad dadgaran habob sabouriThe present article attempts to explain the role of Jung archetypes in the formation of a comparative analysis of the two fluid Iranian novels "This Dog Wants to Eat Roxana" and "Probably Lost" as a representation of social experience. After reading the studied novels, MoreThe present article attempts to explain the role of Jung archetypes in the formation of a comparative analysis of the two fluid Iranian novels "This Dog Wants to Eat Roxana" and "Probably Lost" as a representation of social experience. After reading the studied novels, the author observed that the narrators of both novels seek to confront their archetypes. Which are inherited in all individuals so that they can face the unknown area of their personality that is hidden and unknown to others and themselves by referring to the past and being aware of their collective subconscious, in this way communicating with themselves and their relationship with Improve others. But the way of dealing with archetypes was different in these narrators. In the novel, I am probably lost, the narrator of his knowledge wants to reconcile his shadow with his animosity. And this is how to get rid of the loss in the past and reach balance in the present life. But in the novel, this dog wants to eat Roxana And it is through the window of acceptance of Jung's archetypes that the individual subconscious, and ultimately the model of social relations, manifests itself in the social life of the novel. It is the narrator who reaches the stage of individuality by rejecting these shadows; An individual who leaves him alone but the narrator of the novel "Probably Lost" finds himself in the back and forth between animosity and shadow and understands the pattern of social relations in this regard. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Semiotics of Archetypes in Minarets and Guidance towers (Mil)
Nazanin Bahrami Samani Seyed Yahya Eslami Seyed Gholamreza EslamiSigns, in ancient Iranian architecture, are of the key elements of structures and traces of them can be found all over the history of Iranian architecture. Most of worship places are featured with minaret and dome, so that variations of these elements can be found in ho MoreSigns, in ancient Iranian architecture, are of the key elements of structures and traces of them can be found all over the history of Iranian architecture. Most of worship places are featured with minaret and dome, so that variations of these elements can be found in holy places of all divine religions. Unfortunately, today we witness that these elements are neglected or even removed from architecture of holy places and mosques in particular. Although, innovation is an essential part of architecture, the historical identity of a culture needs to be respected, if we want to achieve a stable form in architecture. Minarets in Iranian architecture represent specific signs and symbols that have formed and matured intentionally over the years so that they are considered as an archetype. These elements take the observers’ imagination to the old ages and to find out human’s ancient mental connection. Todays, traces of different fields of science are evident in architecture. One of these is semiotics, which is the science of perceiving phenomena in the world. The present study focuses on semiotics of archetypes as the constant patters that are rooted in collective experience of man. Studying architectural specification of archetypes and how their concepts are used in Iranian minarets architecture is another objective of the study. In our approach to semiotics of archetypes in architectural structures, we need to know some basic definitions in semiotics. To this end, concepts like signs, semiology, architecture, minaret, and their multi-aspect and close relationship are discussed thoroughly. The study is aimed at examining how the archetypal signs are represented in old minaret architecture in Iran and the way of using them in contemporary architecture in Iran in compliance with Iranian culture and history. To do this, using analytical and interpretive method, the bidirectional relationship was examined through quantitative study (from theory to instance) and qualitative study (from instance to theory).The study was carried out as analytical library work based on the available references. After literature review and representing viewpoints of the pioneers of semiology about signs and comparing their theories, a comprehensive definition of archetypes was proposed. Then, the semiotic systems in architecture of minaret, based on the proposed definition, were examined through semantic approach. Finally, a method to recreate the signs in the structures was brought in. Thus, the study begins with surveying the concept of semiotics and archetypes followed by some examples of minarets that try to regenerate architectural signs and convey an indigenous sense, which were examined through semiotics viewpoint. Finally a theory about archetype semiotics of minaret and guidance tower of Iran was proposed. Surveys of archetypes semiotics indicated that minaret is one of the main archetypes that represents variety of mythical concepts and meanings. Thus, it is not reasonable to eliminate such a valuable element regardless of its archetype aspects and even without an acceptable replacement. It is not hard to understand that the developers of minarets have tried to convey a message to the future generationsKeywords: archetype, minaret, semiotics, symbol, icon Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Assessment of the Role of Archetypes in Creation of Sense of Place in Iranian Mosques Using AHP
Nazanin Bahrami Samani Seyed Yahya Islami Seyed Gholamreza Islami -
Open Access Article
4 - The Neural Correlates of Jungian Collective Unconscious
اسماعیل دهقانThis paper tries to study the question of whether the notion ofcollective unconscious as developed by Jung has any neural correlates.Also, the notion will be pinned down with respect to the realm ofcognitive science as well as the interpretation of modern cognitivepsych MoreThis paper tries to study the question of whether the notion ofcollective unconscious as developed by Jung has any neural correlates.Also, the notion will be pinned down with respect to the realm ofcognitive science as well as the interpretation of modern cognitivepsychologists. For example, it will be shown that unconscious humanemotions somehow are related to the long term memory which hasgenetic base in psychology and is based on the changes in genotypestructure. With reference to the ideas projected by people such asRoederer, Panksepp, and McLennan, it will be clarified that why innatural dreams and imaginations, there are always fixed backgrounds,called archetypes by Jung. The claim, then, is that archetypes have todo with brain structure, neurons, and genetics of the brain structure. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Jung and Psychology of Religion
اشرف باقری پورPsychology as a knowledge has a direct relationship with religion.Therefore, there are different theories and approaches in psychology tostudy religion and its impact on the human psyche. Carl Gustav Jung(1875-1961) Swiss psychologist and founder of Analytical psycholog MorePsychology as a knowledge has a direct relationship with religion.Therefore, there are different theories and approaches in psychology tostudy religion and its impact on the human psyche. Carl Gustav Jung(1875-1961) Swiss psychologist and founder of Analytical psychologyis one of the psychologists; who has done extensive research in thefield of religion. With his proposed theory of 'CollectiveUnconsciousness' he considered the origin of religion far beyond thenon-cognitive reasons such as trauma, fear, and poverty. He tried tojustify human tendencies toward religion through novel ways. Thepurpose of this article is to review of Jung's consideration on religionand the religious thought on a descriptive – analytical procedures .Inthis regard; first of all, Jung analytical psychology is introduced briefly,then analytical psychology thoughts on issues such as religiondefinition, religion origin, religiosity consequences and perceives ofGod is considered. The review will continue and criticize each concept.Despite Jung's psychology and positivist view of religion has beensubjected to intense criticism but additionally, these studies andcriticism shows that: He has a positive view about religion and he wasalways considered as one of the defenders of it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Functions of 'A'yān-i Thabita and Archetypes in the Thought of Ibn Arabi and Jung: Comparative Study
Roshanak Jahani Ali Sanaee Azim Hamzeian Habibollah Naderi"A'yān-i-Thābita" ("the Eternal Essences of Things") and "archetypes" are two fundamental terms in two different intellectual systems. Ibn Al-Arabi by a mystical approach and Jung by an analytical approach use the terms "A'yān-i-Thabita" and "archetypes" and attribute s More"A'yān-i-Thābita" ("the Eternal Essences of Things") and "archetypes" are two fundamental terms in two different intellectual systems. Ibn Al-Arabi by a mystical approach and Jung by an analytical approach use the terms "A'yān-i-Thabita" and "archetypes" and attribute some characteristics and functions to them. This article tries to find an answer to the question about the differences and similarities between the characteristics and functions of "A'yān-i-Thabita" and "archetypes" in the viewpoint of Ibn Al-Arabi and Jung. This study shows that both thinkers believe in the existence of the basic ideas in cognition and do not consider the soul/psyche empty. Ibn Al-Arabi considers these ideas as the eternal essences of things, rationales in divine knowledge, which have existential ability manifested by the creative imagination. But Jung considers archetypes, for example the archetype of self or God, as the primary images emerge from human instinct reflected in religious and mythical symbols. Consequently, Ibn Al-Arabi deals with "God" but Jung studies "the idea of God". Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - The Symbolism of the “Knot” According to the Archetype of the “Sacred Bond”
khalil Hakimifar Valiyollah NasiriThroughout human history, some nodes have had a lot of sacred value. This has been the focus of religious historians since the nineteenth century. These studies, from Fraser to Eliade, have been largely based on magical practices and beliefs, especially with a symbolic MoreThroughout human history, some nodes have had a lot of sacred value. This has been the focus of religious historians since the nineteenth century. These studies, from Fraser to Eliade, have been largely based on magical practices and beliefs, especially with a symbolic approach, and in recent years have focused on the symbolic value of nodes and their function in the context of everyday life. In this study, sacred nodes, from the perspective of geographical and cultural breadth, from mythological to religious beliefs and their symbolic meaning, which imply a complexity, connection and hidden secrets, are considered and its purpose, Achieving common ground and general format in different areas. It seems that sacred knots, which are the result of human activity to influence supernatural factors, are within the general framework of sacred bonds and covenants. The knot, like the covenant in the Abrahamic religions, is a sign of a bond with a formal, vital, and serious covenant that has had a decisive effect on human life. This research is a qualitative research and has been written using written sources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Religious Experience According to Yung
جواد Firoozi زینت Hosseini DaneshvarReligious Experience simply means to encounter with the Holy or with a transcendent being. Manifested within individuals, this aspect of religion(s) related to the specific rituals of a certain religion. This kind of experience helps man release from suffering and diffi MoreReligious Experience simply means to encounter with the Holy or with a transcendent being. Manifested within individuals, this aspect of religion(s) related to the specific rituals of a certain religion. This kind of experience helps man release from suffering and difficulties and enables him to resist unwilling situations. One’s cognitive system, thus, may survive inside a secure shelter. William James is the first scholar to use the term, while Yung furthered the inherited concept in the 20th century. According to Yung, religion is based on the sacred experience or Numinous and means surrender to a higher power. Rooted in the collective unconscious which in turn contains archetypes, religious beliefs and dogmas are believed to be the outer manifestation of the inner part of our psyche, derived from within the experience of any certain religion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Feminist Analysis of Biblical Interpretation Using Schussler Fiorenza's Hermeneutic Model
nazanin kianifard mahdi lakzaeiAlthough committed to Christian principles, Elisabeth Schüssler Fiorenza seeks to provide a different interpretation of the sacred texts by presenting her seven hermeneutic paradigms; the hermeneutics of Experience, Domination, Suspicion, Critical Evaluation, Creat MoreAlthough committed to Christian principles, Elisabeth Schüssler Fiorenza seeks to provide a different interpretation of the sacred texts by presenting her seven hermeneutic paradigms; the hermeneutics of Experience, Domination, Suspicion, Critical Evaluation, Creative Imagination, Re-Membering and Reconstruction, and Transformative Action for Change. By employing the hermeneutics of Suspicion, she casts doubt on the androcentric reading of the sacred texts. Then she reveals the rhetorical features of the misogynistic texts and strives to restore the transformed writings to their original version. Furthermore, Fiorenza employs the hermeneutics of the Proclaimed to reveal the omitted, distorted, or altered facts. Then, using the hermeneutics of Remembering, she narrates all applicable past experiences, to infuse creativity. Throughout these seven hermeneutics, Fiorenza insists on the necessity of the transition from the concept of the archetype to the prototype, to dislodge the sacred text and its interpretations, permitting new readings. In addition, the gender dominance system (Kyriarchy), throughout the pyramid of power should be scrutinized and simultaneously, after deconstruction, it is necessary to consider rhetoric reconstruction to make women aware of the “false consciousness” embedded and internalized by the patriarchy in the androcentric text and help them in their efforts to free themselves from it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Comparison of two solar systems, emerging grom terms of the semantics of numbers
zeynab noroozali Ahmad khiyali khatibi aliasghar halabiThe world of numbers is a fascinating world in the world.The first and foremost number is the symbol of science,ranging into statistics and documented for any Discussion.Show the quadruple action and show the heart of the smallest neutron particles.Building the largest MoreThe world of numbers is a fascinating world in the world.The first and foremost number is the symbol of science,ranging into statistics and documented for any Discussion.Show the quadruple action and show the heart of the smallest neutron particles.Building the largest building in the world has always started from a small number and a simple Calculation,it is the number raised and down,the tidal fraction and the trajectory of the missile reaches to the surface of the moon. On the other hand,the rational and regular number that the base of the world is easily assailed is the color of the story and its vast concepts. The argument holds for the numbers of power and a particular symbol that can affect human life and the whole universe. One of the most widely used models is numbers. on the basis of Jung's theory, we consider the number of numbers in the above-mentioned works. They seem to have an accurate and accurate understanding of their numbers and use them in their works. Both are similar in practical concepts of numbers and have used it in their poems, especially in religious verses. The numbers are similar to symbolic meanings but with different frequencies in both of them. This research has been done by using library and digital Resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - The use of color archetypes in the Masnavi Manavi based on Jung's theory
Abu Al-Hassan Asadi Ali Eshghi Abu Al-Qasim Amir AhmadiOne of the new types of literary criticism is the archetypal critique of texts, which is based on psychological critique and it is based on the theories of the famous and contemporary Swiss psychologist Carl Gustav Jung. Jung calls the collective unconscious products, p MoreOne of the new types of literary criticism is the archetypal critique of texts, which is based on psychological critique and it is based on the theories of the famous and contemporary Swiss psychologist Carl Gustav Jung. Jung calls the collective unconscious products, prototypes, archetypes that have various manifestations such as mother, wise old man, hero, anima, animus, rebirth, shadow and fraud. According to Jung, images have no content alone, so they manifest themselves in the form of symbols in dreams and myths. Today, archeology is one of the main topics of literary criticism, especially mythological criticism, and the search for archetypal symbols is one of the favorite topics of mystical literature researchers. Since Movlana is a mystic who has a symbolic mind and has composed "Masnavi" in the form of a cryptic work that has an infinite range of archetypal symbols and has the ability to study archetypal, so in this study, the archetypal symbols of Movlavi's "Masnavi Manavi" in the class of archetype was examined in the sub-category of color. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - A Study and Critique of the Archetypes of Myth of Zarqa According to the Book of Majma Al-Amsal and Its Manifestation in Persian Literature
Mohammad Shayeganmehr Tahereh Gholipourzibad Mohammad JafariThe myth of Zarqa is a manifestation of the bitter realities of society and it is manifested in ancient literary texts and popular literature due to its historical foundations. In this article, the authors have studied the archetypes of Zarqa's story using the method of MoreThe myth of Zarqa is a manifestation of the bitter realities of society and it is manifested in ancient literary texts and popular literature due to its historical foundations. In this article, the authors have studied the archetypes of Zarqa's story using the method of literary criticism based on the book "Majma al-Amsal" in the method of psychological criticism and with the aim of analyzing the archetypes in the story. This critique is based on Jung's ideas. These archetypes are manifested in ancient Persian literature, including the poems of poets such as Sanai, Khaghani, etc. Research findings show that this myth has archetypes such as anima, animus and night, and so on. One of the results of the research is that in the circle of the process of the journey of evolution from me to self, only a half-descent into darkness has occurred. In this anecdote, evil is the animal instincts that have prevailed in the Arab psychological crisis. These archetypes have their roots in the story of Eve and Adam (pbuh) and have been transferred from the personal unconscious of the tribes to the masses and have been immortalized in the minds and have not disappeared over time. They have been transferred from the unconscious to the conscious in certain situations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - A Comparative Study of Imagination in the Myth of Gilgamesh and the Myth of Eskandar According to Jung's Theory
Somayeh Rasoulipour Atieh YouzbashiFrom the beginning of human, the human mind has always developed imaginations in the mind that do not exist externally and have been created only within a person or persons. Myths are not history, but they are no less than history in terms of cultural value and spiritua MoreFrom the beginning of human, the human mind has always developed imaginations in the mind that do not exist externally and have been created only within a person or persons. Myths are not history, but they are no less than history in terms of cultural value and spiritual resources. In modern times, scientists and philosophers have explored ancient myths, and other circles have been added to the chain. Myths were the best option for the emergence of imagination. The role of imagination in the emergence of imaginary images and symbols in mythology was examined by looking at the myth of Gilgamesh and the legend of Alexander in this study. The present study was conducted to determine the position of imagination from Jung's point of view in the myth of Gilgamesh and the myth of Eskandar. For this purpose, descriptive-analytical method was used and information on research necessity was collected using library and Internet methods. One of the most important findings and results is the attention to the theory of Carl Gustav Jung, who reached the key of mythology by giving importance to dreams and imaginations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Application of Color Archetypes in Mathnavi Based on Jung’s Theory
Abolhassan Asadi Ali Eshghi Abolqasem Amir AhmadiOne of the new types of literary criticism is archetype criticism which is based on psychological criticism and Carl Gustav Jung’s theories – famous and contemporary Swiss psychologist. He believes that human’s mind is made of three stages: conscious, MoreOne of the new types of literary criticism is archetype criticism which is based on psychological criticism and Carl Gustav Jung’s theories – famous and contemporary Swiss psychologist. He believes that human’s mind is made of three stages: conscious, personal unconscious and collective unconscious. The deepest stage is collective unconscious in which myths, fables and human’s millennium beliefs are derived from. Jung called the results of collective unconscious as the initial samples of archetypes which represent different manifestations such as mother, wise old man, hero, Anima, Animus, rebirth, shadow and persona. According to Jung, archetypal images do not possess content per se; thus they represent themselves in the form of symbols in dreams. Today archetype is the main subject of literary criticism and specifically mythical criticism. Since Molana was a mystic with symbolic mind and versed Mathnavi mysteriously, the present research studies archetype symbols of Mathnavi by Molana based on secondary archetype and color subsidiary. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Individuation in sa'adi
Amir Nikseresht Ghadam li Sarrami Mehri Talkhabi Toraj AghgaieOne of the most important areas of literary psychology is devoted to the analysis of the psychological processes of the mind. Carl Gustav Jung, the Swiss pioneer of this area, known as Analytical Psychology, put the mind on a higher level than the previous psychol MoreOne of the most important areas of literary psychology is devoted to the analysis of the psychological processes of the mind. Carl Gustav Jung, the Swiss pioneer of this area, known as Analytical Psychology, put the mind on a higher level than the previous psychologists, including his master, Freud. He added "collective unconscious" to those analyses. He believed that man may exceed his individual boundaries and enter a world of the "collective unconscious." What set Jung apart from his peers in the discussion of the "collective unconscious" was attention to the "eternal form" or "archetype." And that’s what Jung believed shapes our personality and behavior, as well as what makes us different from others due to the formation of personality and behavior. Like any other human being, Saadi was also influenced by these archetypes, and it can be claimed that, under these influences, he engaged in literary creations and the creation of brilliant literary anecdotes. One of the most important archetypes influencing Saadi was the archetype of "shadow", but what distinguishes Saadi from others is his reluctance to conceal the influence of this archetype on his behavior and personality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Anima's Ancient Challenge in the Story of Maulana's Arab Man
Azadeh Ebrahimipour Saber Emami Abdolhosein FarzadThe chanting of the mysterious and mysterious Maulana mirror has always been regarded as open and interpretable texts due to semantic complexities and linguistic art, and has been spoken about in various perspectives. Ancient critique of the literary model has been the MoreThe chanting of the mysterious and mysterious Maulana mirror has always been regarded as open and interpretable texts due to semantic complexities and linguistic art, and has been spoken about in various perspectives. Ancient critique of the literary model has been the source of psychological criticism that has flourished in recent decades, as in other interdisciplinary studies. This article, which examines the themes and images of Anima in the human body of Men's Books, paves the way for the next litter of literary works, and reflects the universality of the human message and the feelings of art poets such as Rumi. In this study, with the view of Yang's psychoanalysis school, from the old perspective, a pattern has been addressed to the Rumi poetry world and has been addressed to Anima's bold and repeatable personality in the story of her Arab man; a comparison of the manuscripts with ancient Anima-Yong pattern suggests a very similar resemblance Or even his complete adaptation to that ancient image Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Analysis of the archetype of the hero’s journey in the “Gol and Nowruz” according to the Joseph Campbell approach
Mohammad Pashaei Mehtarloo Ebrahim Eghbali Rashid AsadiIn the book “The Hero with a Thousand Faces”, Joseph Campbell introduces the hero’s journey archetype by examining various mythical stories in all over the world. He believes that in all stories, the hero’s journey follows a constant paradigm. In MoreIn the book “The Hero with a Thousand Faces”, Joseph Campbell introduces the hero’s journey archetype by examining various mythical stories in all over the world. He believes that in all stories, the hero’s journey follows a constant paradigm. In this research, this paradigm is investigated besides other archetypes including shadow, old wise man, anima and other mythical symbols in the book “Gol and Nowruz”. Examining this verse based on the Joseph Campbell approach is a new reading of this lyrical narrative. Although, Nowruz’ journey is done apparently to reach the beloved, in fact, it is considered a religious journey. Nowruz gets marry to Gol, as a Christian girl, by converting her to Islam after reaching her and returns to his country by uncovering the veil of ignorance. This journey introduces the hero as a universal figure, so that the society accepts him eagerly. He owes his immortality to the values that grants them to the society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Analysis of Anima's archetype in the character of Piran Vise
Mehri TalkhabiFerdowsi's Shahnameh, as one of the masterpieces of Persian literature, is rooted in ancient ideas and beliefs. The Shahnameh, like any great literary work, is rooted in the collective unconscious. The purpose of this article is to show that the Shahnameh, from the pers MoreFerdowsi's Shahnameh, as one of the masterpieces of Persian literature, is rooted in ancient ideas and beliefs. The Shahnameh, like any great literary work, is rooted in the collective unconscious. The purpose of this article is to show that the Shahnameh, from the perspective of archetypal critique, is a vast collection of symbolic concepts and archetypes. This article seeks to identify and explain one of these archetypes. In this article, the character of Piran Vise in the Shahnameh is analyzed from the perspective of Anima's archetype. The main question of this article is how a great work such as Shahnameh, Anima's archetype, can be seen as one of the contents of the collective unconscious. According to Jung's theory, we all have a significant amount of other sex capacities. Therefore, we have masculine and feminine attributes. Often, various factors that affect the sociability of women and men prevent the occurrence Anima of in men. However, in Shahnameh, in some cases, Anima is manifested in men in the form of special moods and feminine behaviors, and this makes the character of men more balanced. This article concludes that attention to the inner aspects and voices, in men and women, flourishes and perfects the character. This article is an analytical-descriptive study based on library studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - The Analysis of the Novel Naked in the Wind by Ahmad Shakeri In the Light of Carl Yung’s Archetyes
Zahra Motiee Fateme HeydariOne of the approaches of contemporary literary criticism that has been considered by researchers is psychological criticism. Archetypes, which are the collective unconscious content, can be analyzed in human personality as a legacy of the past. By balancing the four arc MoreOne of the approaches of contemporary literary criticism that has been considered by researchers is psychological criticism. Archetypes, which are the collective unconscious content, can be analyzed in human personality as a legacy of the past. By balancing the four archetypes of mask, shadow, anima, animus in oneself, one can express one's true "self" and reach individuality. This article examines the archetypes in Ahmad Shakeri's novel Naked in the Wind based on Jung's theories through an analytical-descriptive method. This novel is one of the novels in the field of sacred defense literature that tells the story of a teenager from the village of "Kanichao" and reveals the secret of the martyrs of Borhani hill after many years. This research, in accordance with the conditions of the story, provides the background for the representation of the mentioned archetypes and shows that in the novel, due to the presence of negative characters, shadow archetypes and masks have a great effect and have darkened the story’ space. With the efforts of the main character of the novel - Yusuf - the shadows and masks are removed one after another and the reality becomes clear to the people. The insistence on negative aspects has not provided the ground for the expression of the real "self" of the characters in the story and has only revealed their nature to the people. Manuscript profile -
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20 - The Analysis of Jungian Individuation in the Story of “Daquqi” from Rumi’s Masnavi Manavi
Mina Jani Tooraj Aghdaie Mehri Talkhabi Nozhat NoohiPsychoanalysis is one of the most important theories which focuses on the inner and hidden meanings of the story. Currently, with the connection of literature and psychology more and more, we can find a way to discover the meaning hidden in the texts. Jung's theory of i MorePsychoanalysis is one of the most important theories which focuses on the inner and hidden meanings of the story. Currently, with the connection of literature and psychology more and more, we can find a way to discover the meaning hidden in the texts. Jung's theory of individuality reviews the realization of the archetype of the self, i.e. the balance between external and internal forces with the desire for evolution in the individual. We are going to reread a story from Masnavi with this perspective. Since Rumi is a mystic who has a symbolist mind and wrote the Masnavi in the form of a mystical work, the work is potential for archetypal criticism. Thus, the present research tries to analyze the content, symbols and archetypes to extract the correct story and by understanding them and matching with the equal symbol for them, based on Jung's theory of individuation, draw this process. The result of the research indicates that in this story, Rumi has proposed transcendence with mystical principles in reaching the process of individuality, and finally, Rumi's goal, which is to achieve perfection and self-knowledge, is in line with Jung's theory. This research has been investigated with a library-documentary method, with an analytical-descriptive approach. Manuscript profile -
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21 - Archetype of Transcendence in the Symbolic Work of Dar Pase Ayneh (Behind the Mirror) by Pouran Farrokhzad
Malihe Hadidi Sharbanoo Sahabi Jalil Amirpour DarianiMany individual and collective human movements have an archetype in the collective unconscious and lead the individual to a specific goal. One of these thoughts is transcendence or reaching perfection, which is natural. Jung calls this effort or journey into the unconsc MoreMany individual and collective human movements have an archetype in the collective unconscious and lead the individual to a specific goal. One of these thoughts is transcendence or reaching perfection, which is natural. Jung calls this effort or journey into the unconscious, which is transcendental the "process of individuation." This process is considered in the world nations literary works as the flow of archetypes from the darkness of the collective unconscious to the individual unconscious. The main theme of Farrokhzad's story "Behind the Mirror" is perfectionism and transcendence, which is achieved in a symbolic, external and internal process. This article shows analytically that Tuti, does not tolerate the artificial rules, and thus achieves the necessary identity, awareness and independence during the journey. In this journey (process of individuation) or mental journey (in the subconscious), the "hero" has to recognize a number of "archetypes" that appear in the story at different stages of the process with intensity and weakness. In order to achieve wholeness and self-knowledge, the hero removes the false "mask" of his false personality and, by knowing (anima / animus) and its positive and negative aspects, succeeds in discovering its stages. Then, with the guidance of "old wise man" and the struggle against various aspects of "shadow", he passes through the difficult stage of "death and rebirth" and guides the pilgrims of salvation with the wise guide. Manuscript profile -
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22 - Psychoanalytic analysis of Banu Ghasseb's personality based on the views of Freud and Jung
KH Bahrami mahmod tavociFreud and Jung's views in the realm of mythology have been considered by many critics of Dubai's cash flow. In the framework of Freud de Wyong's theories, it is a framework for psychoanalytic study. Has examined and analyzed. The research method was content analysis. Th MoreFreud and Jung's views in the realm of mythology have been considered by many critics of Dubai's cash flow. In the framework of Freud de Wyong's theories, it is a framework for psychoanalytic study. Has examined and analyzed. The research method was content analysis. The results of this study show that Bano Gashsab has an authoritarian brigade and has many complexes such as castration, inferiority, sexual inequality and subordination, and has benefited from defense mechanisms such as sublimation, repression and denial and the archetype of the wise old man in existence. Rostam and the archetype of the niqab are crystallized in the existence of Banogshsab. Therefore, by examining the views of Freud and Jung, we can analyze the personality of Banu Ghasseb and examine psychoanalysis. Manuscript profile -
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23 - Study of women's issues from the perspective of myth, in the novel Tooba Va Ma’nay – e shab
zahra rafeie sayed Mahmood Sayed sadeghi Shamsolhajiyeh Ardalani Tooba Va Ma’nay – e shab rereads several decades of the history of Iran, which is wrapped in a mysterious and mythical aura, with a heroine called Tooba. She, whose name is also symbolic, is nurtured under the influence of her father, who is a s More Tooba Va Ma’nay – e shab rereads several decades of the history of Iran, which is wrapped in a mysterious and mythical aura, with a heroine called Tooba. She, whose name is also symbolic, is nurtured under the influence of her father, who is a scientist. The novel is Shahrnush Parsipur’s most characteristic work of fiction at the height of the Constitutional Revolution and its aftermath until the Pahlavi period. The author of the novel, depicts the life of a woman who, despite all the limitations of the time for women, has managed, in light of the teachings of intellectual men, to devote her whole life to get to the truth. What makes the study of this novel significant, is the fact that the story lives around Tooba who is a fine example of her cotemporary women. But other women in the novel, are often either ignorant or backward who lack any power of attraction or are modern in behavior on whom, Tuba turns her back due to her traditional values. This work, through creating an eerie atmosphere and by using themes such as myths, symbols and archetypes, shows that the creative talent of women, if accompanied by male power can save mankind from the dark. This article aims to investigate the function of archetypes and to pay attention to symbolic and mythical beliefs and, through this, to give an answer to the question “how is it possible, by studying intellectual and cultural roots, to end the gender conflicts?” Manuscript profile -
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24 - An Analytical Comparative Study of the Myth of “Zal and Rudaba” in Comparison to Other Iranian and Egyptian Myths
maryam mahmoodi ahmad khademiThere is a symbolic interpretation of the myth of “Zal and Roudabeh” in its covert layers as it is in other Iranian and Egyptian myths. Zal and Simorgh are equal to the Sun, and are the symbols of godlike heroes. Rudaba is also the symbol of the gods associa MoreThere is a symbolic interpretation of the myth of “Zal and Roudabeh” in its covert layers as it is in other Iranian and Egyptian myths. Zal and Simorgh are equal to the Sun, and are the symbols of godlike heroes. Rudaba is also the symbol of the gods associated with water and the moon, and an icon of unconsciousness. These three characters are all eternal as their prototypes. The myth of Zal and Rudaba is abundant with dualities that are inclined to unite and exalt, i.e. Zal is to undergo metamorphosis in order to escape from that duality and transform into a godlike authority living close to Simorgh; and Rudaba – a female heroin – desires to be in union with Zal – a male hero. This paper has studied the myth of Zal and Rudaba and has compared it to ancient myths of Iran and Egypth regarding their structures and concepts. Finding the similarity between these myths the paper has given an archetypal and symbolic analysis of them Manuscript profile -
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25 - A project on language’s surfaces
Nazanin Naderi ahmad zakeri -
Open Access Article
26 - the steps to Individuation and self-realization in Shahnameh of Ferdowsi based upon Jung’s ideas and viewpoints
asghar habibi sayed Mahmood Sayed sadeghi Shamsolhajiyeh ArdalaniApplying new analytical views for the purpose of reviewing and critique of epic texts not only does not harm the purpose and content of such texts, but also offers new horizons and opportunities for the researchers and thinkers which help them develop their capacity for MoreApplying new analytical views for the purpose of reviewing and critique of epic texts not only does not harm the purpose and content of such texts, but also offers new horizons and opportunities for the researchers and thinkers which help them develop their capacity for comprehending these texts. Archetypal criticism, introduced by Carl Gustav Jung, is one good example of such new approaches to reading texts. Jung recognizes the most fundamental hero(ine)’s task as his (her) achievement of balanced mental and personality traits. In other words, according to Jung, hero(ine)’s primary task is to comprehend both his(her) conscious and the unconscious mind, and establish a balance between them. Hero(in)es are super humans who, having done the tests and completed the journeys, could attain an eminence far from the usual people. Having completed their journeys, the hero(in)es come to self-realization and individuation. Individuation (principium individuationis) or gaining self-perception is one of most important topics in our (Persian) literature and Jung has investigated this topic extensively. We consider the steps to Individuation and self-realization in Shahnameh of Ferdowsi based upon Jung’s ideas and viewpoints. Manuscript profile -
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27 - Literal Personality of "Orfi Shirazi" through His Poetry Works Based on the Archetype Theory
azam khadem maryam MahmoodiArchetype-based literature criticism suggested by C. G. Yung, as a major approach, serves the archetypes as persistent mythological themes and images in the collective subconscious of mankind, a very close term rather than "prevalent object" or ideal icons in Islamic my MoreArchetype-based literature criticism suggested by C. G. Yung, as a major approach, serves the archetypes as persistent mythological themes and images in the collective subconscious of mankind, a very close term rather than "prevalent object" or ideal icons in Islamic mystics.The archetypes are classified in several indeterminable ways but some of them are rather more common including: hero, mother, child, God, death, power, the wise master, anima, animus, persona (mask), and shade. This research investigated the function of archetypes in Orfi poetry works based on the method of content analysis which reveals his fluent, passionate nature - but devoid of malevolence and brutality, and a tremendous literary treasure because of a literary personality tending commonly into anima or hero persona, also providing that the theory of archetypes is in further researches potentially competent to overestimate the range of honesty or even authenticity. Manuscript profile -
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28 - A Jungian Archetypal Criticism of 'adrakha al-nessian' (Overtaken by Oblivion) by Sana al-Sha'lān
Samaneh Moosapoor Yusef Hadi pour Sayyed Ebrahim ArmanArchetypal criticism of Jung is one of the most important contemporary literary criticisms. Archetypes were first presented by Carl Gustav Jung, with reliance on the research in the fields of psychology, anthropology, religion, and history of civilizations. Jung defines MoreArchetypal criticism of Jung is one of the most important contemporary literary criticisms. Archetypes were first presented by Carl Gustav Jung, with reliance on the research in the fields of psychology, anthropology, religion, and history of civilizations. Jung defines archetypes as the universal mental images existing within the individual and collective sub-conscience and named their representations as the myth. The novel 'adrakha al-nessian' (Overtaken by Oblivion) is written using postmodern techniques and includes literary techniques such as: stream of consciousness, impressionism, and traveling in time. This novel narrates the story of a young red hair and red face girl, who has been raised in a nursery from the very beginning. As the story progresses, she faces many problems and, in the end, the author depicts her at the age of 60. By reading this story, we notice the obvious presence of many psychological aspects. Al-Sha'lan's works have always been included within the list of best literary works in both national and international ceremonies, and we can also witness the existence of archetypes within this novel. This paper, using the descriptive-analytic method and the psychological criticism approach, tends to examine the archetypes effective in the mentioned novel. As the results demonstrate, archetypes such as: Anima, the old sage, and self, have affected the flow of occurrences in this novel, helping to create the proper form and theme of narration. Manuscript profile -
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29 - Studying Fictional Motifs in Samname
Zahra Dorri Parisa Imani GouradelStudying Persian heroic epic verses affected by narrative tradition and Shahname is one of the areas that can be analyzed from different perspectives. Samname which is considered as the last national epic in Persian Literature and apparently is written in late 7th MoreStudying Persian heroic epic verses affected by narrative tradition and Shahname is one of the areas that can be analyzed from different perspectives. Samname which is considered as the last national epic in Persian Literature and apparently is written in late 7th century and early 8th century – if we accept to be written by Khajooye Kermani- is among these works which is similar to Shahname for it is influenced by epic tradition and existence of a romance element on the one hand and a hero who escapes using his own ways to reach his beloved on the other hand and these features make this work a heroic romance. The present study deals with recognition and analysis of fictional motifs of the work in order to compare it to other fictional and narrative works and therefore to determine better role for Samnameh in evolution of different literary genres in Persian literature. In this study, supernatural motifs including heroic- crafty, romantic and dignity motifs are among most famous motifs applied in this literary genre. Main characteristic of choosing and investigating the motifs in this work is existence of two factors i.e. repetition and motivation which are suitable criteria for offering frequency chart to be compared to other Persian epic or romantic verses. Manuscript profile -
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30 - Deciphering Archetypes, Mythological Elements and Mystical Characters in Mehdi Akhavan Sales’ Poetry
Rahman Fallahi Moghaddam Yousef Nikrooz Mahmoud HeydariMyth and mysticism at first glance seem to be two separate and different categories in the field of humanities; While examining the two from the perspective that opens up to the reader in this article, the two are not only inseparable; Rather, it can be said that mystic MoreMyth and mysticism at first glance seem to be two separate and different categories in the field of humanities; While examining the two from the perspective that opens up to the reader in this article, the two are not only inseparable; Rather, it can be said that mysticism is a continuation and completion of myth. In this research, the author tries to study the mythical elements and characters, and the symbols that have a mystical character and appearance in the poetry of the Brotherhood in a descriptive-analytical and library method. In addition to the characters and symbols of national myths, the characters of religious and mystical myths that the Brotherhood brought to express their concepts should also be examined. The result of the research is that the Brotherhood in its poems, in order to better express its poetic themes and concepts, has used elements of myth and epic, these mythical elements on the one hand with Iranian mythology and on the other with Iranian mysticism - Islam is intertwined. Manuscript profile -
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31 - "Hawk" Symbolism as an Archetype in Mystical Literature (Case Of study: Attar’s Mantegh Al-Tair and Rumi’s Masnavi)
Nasrin Ghadamgahi Sani Reza Ashrafzadeh Mahyar Alavi MoghadamIn creation myths narrated by many human races, creation itself begins with "word" and "speech". Myth and archetypes accompany the human viewpoint from the beginning to infinity and beyond. Among them, birds have a place in the symbolism of the archetypes e.g. the hawk MoreIn creation myths narrated by many human races, creation itself begins with "word" and "speech". Myth and archetypes accompany the human viewpoint from the beginning to infinity and beyond. Among them, birds have a place in the symbolism of the archetypes e.g. the hawk archetype is related to the sun. In Attar’s and Rumi’s point of view it is a symbol of human movement in herbal and animal entities, an index to fly to the sanctum, and a journey into the unknown. In the following study Attar by using the symbol of hawk, pays attention to the two dimensions of good and evil and deals with man in an instructive way and wants men to leave his attachment to the world and then go into a higher stage than accompaniment with kings and their position, even the position of their heart until he reaches Simorgh. Rumi completes the human dimension in his mystical- Didactic view by looking at the myth-archetype and the way Attar's stories are processed. In completing the journey, the birds are given as examples and the hawk provides the example of a perfect human. According to Rumi’s works the perfect human being including the people of his time such as Shams Tabrizi, Hosam Al-Din Chalabi and religious myths that originate from the Mohammadiah Truth, such as Ali (AS). In this paper, by mentioning the evidence, we have done the library method inductively. Manuscript profile -
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32 - An Archetypal Analysis of the Mystical Space in the Tombs of the Ilkhanid Period Mystics (Sheykh Abdolsamad Natanzi & Sheykh Safieddin Ardabili)
Elnaz Behnoud Lida Balilan Dariush SattarzadehJung's analytical psychology is a new introduction tool for understanding meanings and receiving new messages from artistic and literary sources. According to this theory, archetypes are symbolic images in mythology and cultures that have replaced similar concepts in th MoreJung's analytical psychology is a new introduction tool for understanding meanings and receiving new messages from artistic and literary sources. According to this theory, archetypes are symbolic images in mythology and cultures that have replaced similar concepts in the subconscious of humanity. Among the architectural works, the tomb of the Ilkhanid period as mystical spaces is one of the best areas for the emergence of these archetypes. One of the key archetypes that has been introduced in Jung's analytic psychology is the archetype of "process of individuality" that deals with spiritual questions about the meaning of life and the goal of creation. Based on the purpose of this study, which is the recognition of archetypes semantic concepts, using qualitative content method, the techniques used in sign perception have been used. Assuming that attention to the journey from the material world to the afterworld has always been considered in literature and mysticism, this archetype seems to be reflected in the architectural structure of the intended tombs. Manuscript profile -
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33 - Analyzing the charactcrisic of Najm Al-Din Rᾱzi in Mersad Al-Ebᾱd Based on Jung Theory of Archetypes
Faranak Karimi Tuchaei Touraj Aghdaeie Heydar Hasanlu Nozhat NoohiArchetype is one of the fundamental terms of Jungian psychology, that includes ancient images and Instinctual thoughts in the collective subconscious, and as a common human heritage is embedded in the Individual and group subconscious of all human beings. One of the mai MoreArchetype is one of the fundamental terms of Jungian psychology, that includes ancient images and Instinctual thoughts in the collective subconscious, and as a common human heritage is embedded in the Individual and group subconscious of all human beings. One of the main manifestations of the human subconscious and archetypes is art and literature. Hence, archetypal theory has many applications in the Psychological critique of literary texts and authors that can be used to achieve the subconscious mind of literary characters and the influence of the components of the author's personality structure in shaping the Texture of the text. Mystics are prone to communicate with their subconscious because they take a step in the path of conduct and go through mystical stages and reach perfection. Hence, with a different reading from the usual readings in mystical texts, archetypal critique can be used to study and analyze the Personality of literary creators. in this article, archetypes: shadow, persona, anima and self, as well as how Each of them crystallizes in the character of Najm al-Din Rᾱzi, with regard to the mystical work of Mersad al-Ebad in an analytical-descriptive method of library be reviewed. The findings indicate that Razi, by Moving from self-awareness to unconsciousness, faces negative and positive aspects of his personality by leaving behind the negative dimensions of the psyche, inner shadows, removing the mask and many difficulties he has had in the path of self-knowledge. Finally achieves balance and psychological development and unity of all dimensions of existence and individuality. Manuscript profile -
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34 - Analysis of the Story of “Thinking of Imaginary Person as a Crescent” in Masnavi-e- Manavi based on Jungian Components of Individuality
Mina Jaani Touraj Aghdaeie Mehri Talkhabi Nozhat NoohiWith the advent of new literary criticism and its approaches, reading literary texts based on various worldviews became possible and the range of interpretations became wider which in turn helped readers to understand the meaningful similarities between different texts. MoreWith the advent of new literary criticism and its approaches, reading literary texts based on various worldviews became possible and the range of interpretations became wider which in turn helped readers to understand the meaningful similarities between different texts. According to Jung, archetypal criticism and elements of social unconscious have been embedded in human psyche and reflected in human mind and language. The concepts created by Jung, including ancient archetypes like persona, the wise old man, the shadow… and purposeful nature of human psyche leads to the process of individuation. One of the theories that is useful in analysis of these texts is the process of individuation by Carl Jung which examines stages of individual's evolution through scientific method..Rumi and Jung are both trying to paint the human's path to reach perfection. The present study tries to extract archetypes from "The story of the Caliph Omar and the man who thought he saw the new moon" using data analysis and reorganize it by contraposition of elements from story by archetypes and then analyzing it using the process of individuation by Jung. This study was done as a library research with analytic-descriptive approach. Manuscript profile -
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35 - The Investigation of Shamloo's Poetry egarding the "Night" Archetype
Zahra Khatami Kashani mohamad reza ghariArchetype refers to the equal and the common icon of the human that is manifested in the shape of the common beliefs of each era. The artists make use of the mental imagination in order to create an artistic masterpiece that has their roots in the mass unconsciou MoreArchetype refers to the equal and the common icon of the human that is manifested in the shape of the common beliefs of each era. The artists make use of the mental imagination in order to create an artistic masterpiece that has their roots in the mass unconsciousness. These mental images will reach to the conscious layers of the brain in the mainstream of the creation of artistic masterpieces. So the artist’s masterpieces created this way. The part will understand the archetype as a symbol. Therefore, in the literature, dealing with symbolic works and the criticism of which from an archetypical point of view could reveal from of the psychological and personal features of the artist that has its roots his thoughts and feelings. One of the most common of the archetypes is the "night". The repetition of the word "night" in the poems of Shamloo (more than 400 times) introduces the word as an archetype. The word "night" as a symbol of Anima contains other concepts such as darkness, sadness, solitude, silence, frightening, hopelessness and death in the poem of Shamloo. Manuscript profile -
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36 - An Introduction to the Impact of Sustainable Landscape Parameters on the Archetype of the Design of Persian Garden: Royal Pasargadae Garden
Honey Fadaie seyed majid mofidi shemirani -
Open Access Article
37 - The Archetypal Function of Jung's Analytical Psychology Theory in the Cultural-Literary Flourishing of Iranian Women
Negin HeidarizadehThe aim of the current research was to investigate the concept role of archetype in Jung's analytical psychology theory on the cultural-literary flourishing of Iranian women. The research universe included all texts related to the archetype concept of the Jung's theory MoreThe aim of the current research was to investigate the concept role of archetype in Jung's analytical psychology theory on the cultural-literary flourishing of Iranian women. The research universe included all texts related to the archetype concept of the Jung's theory and cultural-literary works of Iranian women. The sample of the research subsumed the works of Etisami, Daneshvar, Behbahani and Farrokhzad. The research method was descriptive-analytical. The data was collected via library method and through note taking on index cards. An analytical procedure was applied to analyze the data. The results showed that according to Jung's point of view, the archetype has been deposited in the collective unconscious through repeated and similar experiences in the lives of the ancestors. These archetypes appear in different forms in mythology, dreams and individual fantasies, in religion and also in literature. The persistence of these archetypes in mythology and literature was due to their realness, which could give deep meaning to human life. Writing or a literary work with eternal themes could become a universal concept. Therefore, female writers and female poets were faced with common semantic images or archetypes similar to the universal symbol, this features remain forever and eternal in the minds of people. Manuscript profile -
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38 - The Two Women (Comparative Study of Soodabeh of The Shahnameh with Su-Daji Stories and Feng Shen Yan Yi)
Sareh Tarbiat Sayed Ahmad Hosany kazerooni Maryam Parhizkar Davood YahyaeiThe goal of this article was to study the story of Soodabeh from Shahnnameh, and the Su-Daji from the book of Feng Shen Yan Yi comparatively. It was found that the general structure of both stories had a lot in common; furthermore, there were a lot of similarities betwe MoreThe goal of this article was to study the story of Soodabeh from Shahnnameh, and the Su-Daji from the book of Feng Shen Yan Yi comparatively. It was found that the general structure of both stories had a lot in common; furthermore, there were a lot of similarities between the characters of these two works (Soodabeh and Su-Daji, Siavash and Yin Yaiao, Kavoos and Zhou Yang), their living environment and upbringing, physical appearance , personality traits, and their final fates. For clarification of common points and sometimes identical points in both stories beyond the effects of cultural passion between Iranians and Chinese, we should relay on aggregative subconscious of the human, because the main texture of these two stories are based on the old pattern of forbidden love with the stepsons and whole events are shaped on this pivot. Manuscript profile -
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39 - Transtextuality in Shamlou’s Poetry: An Innovative Approach to the Application of Themes, Archetypes, and Myths of Persian and Western Literature in "Roxana".
Seyed Reza EbrahimiUnlike his social poems which express the social and political concerns of the society, Ahmed Shamlou, in his emotional poetry, addresses his emotions and personal feelings. The influence and utilization of archetypes, common narratives, and myths of both Persian and wo MoreUnlike his social poems which express the social and political concerns of the society, Ahmed Shamlou, in his emotional poetry, addresses his emotions and personal feelings. The influence and utilization of archetypes, common narratives, and myths of both Persian and world literature can be noticed in these poems, which primarily show the poet has been affected by the literary cannons of the East and the West. But, inspired by his modern attitude, de-familiarization, and the aptitude to create an overwhelming (unorthodox) space is one of his concerns that shows how the poet has been distracted from the traditional classical context of classical poetry by creating a new and innovative mindset and as well as new spaces and themes. In this essay, it has been tried to use the ideas of Gerard Genet regarding the transtextuality, a long poem by Shamlou named “Roxana” has been chosen and it has been investigated that how novel and innovative (unorthodox) space, structure and poetical concepts and themes created and have been used in expressing the feelings. Manuscript profile -
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40 - Analysis of Jungian Archetypes Elements of Hero Journey in the Story "Talkhoon" by Samad Behrangi
raheleh abdolahzade borzu mohammad ghaderi moghaddam mohammad reihaniThis study, based on the theory of Joseph Campbell's monolithic theory, analyzes the symbols of the story "Talkhoon" by Samad Behrangi. Campbell, for the mythological heroes' journey, attempts to find individuality, a pattern that has been composed of three main stages MoreThis study, based on the theory of Joseph Campbell's monolithic theory, analyzes the symbols of the story "Talkhoon" by Samad Behrangi. Campbell, for the mythological heroes' journey, attempts to find individuality, a pattern that has been composed of three main stages of departure, initiation and return. Behrangi depicts thedeparture of self-conscious nightingalein the form ofTalkhoon’ssymbolic journey. Ah is a messenger who, through a businessman, invites Talkhoon (self-conscious) to travel. Talkhoon and unconscious (the young man) in the first stage crossing the threshold and before they pass through the road of trials, they get married (magical marriage). With the young death, Talkhoon with the help of Ah who has appeared in the wise old man, begins another journey from the slave market with the messenger and fights with greed and lust dragons through the path of initiation and after kneeling with self-dragon, with chicken feather and water, which is a symbol of the "final blessing" of his journey, returns to revive his unconscious. His return, with the help of the "messenger", shows his freedom going and coming through two self-conscious and unconscious worlds. This symbolic story has much to do with Campbell's theory; with the difference that the meet is done twice. Once before passing through the initiation, and once again successfully passing through the road of trials and after receiving the final blessing. Manuscript profile -
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41 - Analysis of the "Hero's Journey" in the Amir Arsalan Namdar based on the theory of Joseph Campbell
Neda ReyhaniThe hero is one of the oldest archetypes, and other archetypes are associated with meaning. Therefore, recognizing this archetype is a good guide for receiving and analyzing Campbell's reincarnation theory. In this research, the author intends to study and analyze the n MoreThe hero is one of the oldest archetypes, and other archetypes are associated with meaning. Therefore, recognizing this archetype is a good guide for receiving and analyzing Campbell's reincarnation theory. In this research, the author intends to study and analyze the novel of the Amir Arsalan Namdar based on the theory of Joseph Campbell. Campbell sees life as a journey in which the protagonist must, while being aware of his or her strengths and weaknesses and identifying his or her inner desires and secrets, take individual action. The three main parts of the hero's travel theory are departure (separation), approach (return), and return. The element of travel and during its stages by the hero is one of the central elements of the plot of the story in Amir Arsalan's novel.. Amir Arsalan, with his inner call to join his beloved, fights with Shirgovia, Alhahak Div, Reyhaneh Jado, Fooladzreh Div, and his mother, etc. They take it and lean on the throne of victory and supremacy. Manuscript profile -
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42 - Archetypes and its Role in Achieving Perfection in Khaled Naghshbandi's lyrics.
nasrin chirehThis paper is research inorder to reviews the way of attain to individuality prosess in Mawlana Khalid Naqshbandi lyrics. This work is carried out as descriptive - analytical study.first the poet's is introduced briefly and then the theoretical principles of individuali MoreThis paper is research inorder to reviews the way of attain to individuality prosess in Mawlana Khalid Naqshbandi lyrics. This work is carried out as descriptive - analytical study.first the poet's is introduced briefly and then the theoretical principles of individuality, and means of achieving it are discussed. As a result, more Khalid sonnets theme is meeting with the anima to achieve individuality During in the course. first meeting with the anima that is in the level of love.and then facing with shadow happend. Meet the old wisdom which that refered to it in Jung's psychology in meeting with various aspects of the anima is manifested. In explainin of i Khalid individuality process the mandala symbolic image is remarkable. it culd be side the positive aspect of the anima in the form of misbehavior lover and beloved is in the positive side.wich is a symbol of free anima of lover. Manuscript profile -
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43 - the template's aciant look to Mirror, the Soul and the Blood in the wonders of the Amazing creatures and Garshasp nameh
Ali Tasnimi Ahmad Khajeeim Abbas Mohammadian parvin hashempoorAbstractArchetypes are relics of thousands of years and a common heritage that has been passed down from generation to generation over the centuries. Our Iranian ancestors, like people around the world, were subconsciously in touch with them. One of these collective pat MoreAbstractArchetypes are relics of thousands of years and a common heritage that has been passed down from generation to generation over the centuries. Our Iranian ancestors, like people around the world, were subconsciously in touch with them. One of these collective patterns is the mirror, which was not the only means of seeing the face; it was associated with spirit, life, future, witchcraft and divinity. According to the book The Wonders of Creatures and Garshasb nameh, the mirror is sometimes a mediator between the earth and the sky, and sometimes the truth-tellers are aware of the secrets. Sometimes the mirror is the window of the soul, sometimes the soul is manifested in it. We know that human life and movement depend on the soul. Blood also makes life possible in the human body and, from the point of view of ancient peoples, accommodates the souls of beings. The ancient people understood the importance of this vital substance and tried in every way to prevent its destruction and consequently damage to their souls. And in various forms such as; Shadows, intellect, subconscious, solar force, reflection of the world, spirit of life, connection between earth and sky, etc. appear. A better understanding of the ancient and the subconscious leads to a better understanding of our people and a better connection with the hidden half of our being and a new window into the inside. The world of the past and literary works. Manuscript profile -
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44 - The universal female archetype in Naserkhoro Ghobadiani’s poem
Arezoo Ahmadbeigi Ghorbanali ebrahimi shahrzad niaziThe universal female archetype is one of the oldest images which are emerged in primitive Persian poem of some poets of which Roudaki, Ferdousi, Manouchehri, Naserkhosro and Khaghani are highly mentioned and had been existed until 8th century. Naserkhosro is one the poe MoreThe universal female archetype is one of the oldest images which are emerged in primitive Persian poem of some poets of which Roudaki, Ferdousi, Manouchehri, Naserkhosro and Khaghani are highly mentioned and had been existed until 8th century. Naserkhosro is one the poets who used this archetype abundantly in his poems and mainly indicated the contributed negative traits between the female and the universe, as well and applied them in his own imaginable structure. These main traits are mentioned as: the glories, the oldness, the evil behavior, magic, being not loyal, unkindness, cruelty, wilderness, lying, being deceived, evilness, the husband-killing, being harlot, and ambiguity,. This article analyzes the universal female in Naserkhoro Ghobadiani’s poem and indicates its effect on the changes and evolutions, the qualities and quantities of the image-making in these poems by Khorasani’s style and also, proposes the effect of this imaginable structure in the poetic procedure and the thought of this scientist. The proposed study illustrates that the universal female before Naserkhosro, time escape and death frightening lead to the emergence of the archetype. Manuscript profile -
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45 - Critique of Jung's Old Model in the Story of the King and the Essence of Ur
azadeh ebrahimipour moslem nadalizadeArchetypes are common images in the human subconscious memory and conscience that show the common manifestations of that period in each era, and recognizing their changes and transformations can increase our view of deep cultural, moral and religious currents in histori MoreArchetypes are common images in the human subconscious memory and conscience that show the common manifestations of that period in each era, and recognizing their changes and transformations can increase our view of deep cultural, moral and religious currents in historical periods. In his works, Jung mentions several archetypes, and considers each of them individually and in general connection as one of the most meaningful manifestations of the collective psyche ﻲ psycheﺗoh; It is one of the intertextual conditions of education and fluency. The most important reason is that. Editing is made clearer to the reader bﻳ,'s study of Jung's archetype by the famous Swiss psychologist Carl Gustav Jung ﺑﺎ in a story from the sixth book of Masnavi There is a direct connection between psychology and Masnavi. Archetypes are common images in the human subconscious memory and conscience that show the common manifestations of that period in each era, and recognizing their changes and transformations can increase our view of deep cultural, moral and religious currents in historical periods. In his works, Manuscript profile -
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46 - The symbolism of the numbers in the saadatnameh and zohuoriy tarshizi of saghinameh baseh on Jung
zeynab noroozali Ahmad khatibi khiyali aliasgar halabiNumbers are one of the most important types of archetypes and have been one of the concerns of human minds since time immemorial. It has been the basis of many studies and theories in various sciences. In fact, it is impossible to exclude numbers from everyday life. Num MoreNumbers are one of the most important types of archetypes and have been one of the concerns of human minds since time immemorial. It has been the basis of many studies and theories in various sciences. In fact, it is impossible to exclude numbers from everyday life. Numbers, like time and space, have a completely mythological meaning and as one of the most important archetypal ideas, they have many hidden concepts that express mental states and thoughts, worldview, and the world around the owners of the work. In this article, we will examine and apply some numbers in Saadat, Nizamuddin, Astarabadi and Saqi, Zohuri, Tarshizi. Astarabadi and Tarshizi seem to have a deep and precise knowledge of the archetype of numbers and have used them in their works using the element of imagination. Both look at the practical concepts of numbers and have used them in their poems, especially in religious verses. Numbers with similar symbolic meanings but with different frequencies appear in both courts and the frequency of their use in Saadatnameh is higher than Saqinameh. This research has been done by descriptive-analytical method and using the library and digital resources. Manuscript profile -
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47 - A Fresh look at “Archetypes” in the Epic Tale of Gilgamesh from Yung´s Point of view
Fatemeh KhodakaramiThe Myth of Gilgamesh as a universal epic and an existential literary work is the story of the human mind, his endeavors and sufferings and consequently his submission to life after death. The main theme of this mythological tale is the two contrasting concepts of deat MoreThe Myth of Gilgamesh as a universal epic and an existential literary work is the story of the human mind, his endeavors and sufferings and consequently his submission to life after death. The main theme of this mythological tale is the two contrasting concepts of death and immortality, and the exemplary endeavors of the epic´s hero for discovering the plant of life and immortality. In this oldest epic tale two natural incidents of “The Storm”, (The Noah´s storm), and “Seven Years of Hunger”, (The story of Joseph) are mentioned which have been indicated by Quran and Old Testament. In the present paper efforts have been made to view the concept of death and the secret of immortality of soul with a mythological approach and from the point view of Carl Custav Yung, the Swiss Psychologist´s way of analyzing mythological forms of “Dream”. Manuscript profile -
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48 - “Water” Archetype and its Function in Myth and Mythical Epic
Mehdi Sharifian Behzad AtooniOne the important discussion of mythological criticism school is “archetypes”. The archetypes are mental package that give us the all of the human’s mental features since ancient age up to now. The one o MoreOne the important discussion of mythological criticism school is “archetypes”. The archetypes are mental package that give us the all of the human’s mental features since ancient age up to now. The one of these archetypes that has not already explored extensively is the “water”.This paper has attempted to investigate archetypes and collective unconscious, as well as functions of “water” archetype in myth and mythical epic. Among these functions the followings are considered the most considerable in epic: creation of world by “water”, passing mythical hero from water and his birthday, immortality and getting life shield against death by water, cleaning of spiritual of human and objects by water and tie of water and snake in myth. Finally, applying the mythological approach the paper investigates an archetype in Persian epic, Rostam’s Flag, which is similar to dragon. Manuscript profile -
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49 - A Research on the Rrchetypes in the Story of "One Thousand and One Nights" by Najib Mahfouz
Kamran Ghodsi Giti kave bagh-BahadoraniCommon concepts of human ancestors have been transferred from generation to generation, and in the depths of the unconscious mind, these Archetypes are universal and has their roots for million years. one Thousand and One Nights, including many of the world Saradby effe MoreCommon concepts of human ancestors have been transferred from generation to generation, and in the depths of the unconscious mind, these Archetypes are universal and has their roots for million years. one Thousand and One Nights, including many of the world Saradby effects that sometimes old samples to reflect the symbolic practices. In this article, the story and the story of the from the perspective of archetypal criticism, is reviewed and, based on this archetype (anima, Animos, Twins shadow, mask, love, fairies and demons, evil, hero, battle of good and evil, self and self-Khdaangary) is analyzed. Manuscript profile -
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50 - Investigating the archetypes of Iranian houses from an Islamic perspective with the approach of residents’ mental health
Behrang Moradi Sharmin Eesazadeh Ziri Sara Afshar Zahra GoudarziUsing the principles governing archetypes, showcasing collective mental and unconscious models of human beings, as solutions with deep and effective social and physical backing, can play a significant and effective role in policy-making oh how to supply housing within t MoreUsing the principles governing archetypes, showcasing collective mental and unconscious models of human beings, as solutions with deep and effective social and physical backing, can play a significant and effective role in policy-making oh how to supply housing within the framework of the principles governing the planning and design of Iranian-Islamic housing. Archetypes have been common among humans during centuries and have an influence on maintaining and enhancing the mental health of residents by creating a mentally and emotionally desirable environment by maintaining and perpetuating repeating patterns as human heritage, independent of individual experiences.The aim of the present study is to explain the common principles of archetypes of Iranian houses from an Islamic perspective and in accordance with the components affecting mental health of residents. This research is done qualitatively and relevant data was collected through systematic review of authentic previous documents and studies.The results show that 10 principles commonly-emphasized in the archetypes of Iranian houses from the Islamic perspective are effective in maintaining and promoting the mental health of inhabitants, among which hierarchy and naturalism, with the greatest impact, and spatial division and spatial diversity, with the least impact, are addressed in these principles. Formulation of these principles can have a significant impact on the joint policy-making for establishing and founding Iranian housing models. Regarding the aim of this paper to study the components from an Islamic perspective and the impact of these components on mental health, this formulation will lead to standardization of Iranian housing. Establishing a common structural housing system prevents construction of unconventional housing with inappropriate environmental models, and relieves Iranian houses from designs based on personal taste, while rescuing housing architecture from the current contemporary turmoil. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Investigating the themes and mythological events related to the beloved in the lyric poetry of Weiss and Ramin
Paiman niknami Pouran Yousefipour Kermani Fatemeh Ghafouri Mehdiabad Myths are narrative patterns that spread in different ways according to the conditions of the society in different eras; Therefore, in addition to epic and religious texts, its works can also be seen in Ghanaian poems. The poem Weiss and Ramin by Fakhreddin Asad G More Myths are narrative patterns that spread in different ways according to the conditions of the society in different eras; Therefore, in addition to epic and religious texts, its works can also be seen in Ghanaian poems. The poem Weiss and Ramin by Fakhreddin Asad Gorgani is full of mythological elements. In this research, the author tries to investigate the themes and mythological incidents related to the beloved in the descriptive-analytical way and the library tool, considering the features of adaptability, repetition and adding meaning in the process of the story, and to answer the question which of the themes Mythological characters have been able to appear in Weiss and Ramin, related to the beloved? And how have these themes been transformed according to the content and special structure of Weiss and Ramin's system? The results of the research indicate that in the narration and plot of the story of Weiss and Ramin or the pattern of events, there are mythological events and incidents such as ascension, descent, magic, virginity, the test of honor and marriage, and concepts that are connected with mythological beliefs and rituals and in the formation Events have played an effective role; Is mentioned. Manuscript profile -
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52 - Analysis of the story of Wameq and Ozra based on archetypal criticism
peyman niknami Dr.pooran yousefipoor kermani Dr.fatemeh ghafuri mehdi abadAncient critique is a model of mythological critique that emphasizes Jung's theories of collective unconsciousness and primordial forms. According to Jung, archetypes are those eternal and various forms that exist potentially in the depths of the collective unconscious MoreAncient critique is a model of mythological critique that emphasizes Jung's theories of collective unconsciousness and primordial forms. According to Jung, archetypes are those eternal and various forms that exist potentially in the depths of the collective unconscious of human beings and are dormant. These ancient and mythical forms can be manifested in art and literature. Romance poetry is one of the areas that can serve as the backdrop for the emergence of archetypes. Since the literature of every nation is rooted in its culture and beliefs and the study of ancient stories is important not only from the literary, artistic or entertainment point of view, but also from the familiarity with the individual and social thoughts and values of the people of a nation. The present study attempts to analyze the status of the transcendent beloved in the abovementioned poem by explaining the symbols and archetypes of the story of the Wameq and Ozra and their role in the transcendence of the lover.so, it tries to reveal if in romantic story, the union of archetype models can show the beloved role in transcendence of the lover. It is observed that the unity and connection of the archetypes in this poem is in the direction of the growth and recognition and achieving human perfection for the lover. Manuscript profile -
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53 - The interpretation of Dumuzid’s dream from perspective of Jung’spsychology
Mandana Mahmoodi Bita Sodaei rouhollah Yosefi ZoshkMythological themes reflecting the worldview and ideology of ancient societies have various applications. One of the applications is for rituals, which have a symbolic dimension. As if these themes are repeated in different societies, they are classified as archetypes. MoreMythological themes reflecting the worldview and ideology of ancient societies have various applications. One of the applications is for rituals, which have a symbolic dimension. As if these themes are repeated in different societies, they are classified as archetypes. The archetype is derived from Jung's psychological theories, which is revealed in the form of a symbol in the context of myth, epic, and dream. Since dream and myth are the same in nature and structure, this study investigated Dumuzid's dream to find out the origin of mythological rituals in the third millennium BC in Mesopotamia. This study was conducted by a descriptive analytical method using Jung's archetypal approach based on library studies, the results of which showed a relationship between the myth of Dumuzid and rituals of Mesopotamia society, and the story of vegetation gods connected with the rituals of spring and fertility in nature as the source of collective mourning ceremonies and celebrations held every year in their memory. In fact, the rituals are cultural phenomena left over from the agricultural and prehistoric times in ancient societies. Manuscript profile -
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54 - Impact of Environmental Conditions on the Aspect of Religion Archetype in Urban Areas (Case Study: Comparison of two Citiesو Sanandaj and Yazd)
Fouad Kheirabadi Hooshmand Alizadeh -
Open Access Article
55 - Investigating the archetypes of the historical decorations of the old shrines of Tabriz.
elham jafari mohammadreza pakdel fard hasan sattarisarbangholi siroos jamaliThe goal of this research, is the expression of archetypes of historical ornaments in shrines of Tabriz.Archtypes are as global symbols and cultural components. They are available in a variety of forms and images around the world. In Iranian architecture, due to the ric MoreThe goal of this research, is the expression of archetypes of historical ornaments in shrines of Tabriz.Archtypes are as global symbols and cultural components. They are available in a variety of forms and images around the world. In Iranian architecture, due to the richness of its cultural history, there must be several archetypes. Archetypes have been able to keep this great community together for centuries and to connect social groups. The art of decoration in building architecture, especially in Iranian religious buildings, surrounds the building like a mold. The decorative artist is always looking for beauty in the creation of art. The creation of works of art and the making and payment of decorative patterns by Iranians are generally from two sources of nature and culture. Therefore, in this research, after library and field studies by means of photography, in a descriptive-analytical manner, the archetypes observed in the historical decorations of shrines will be investigated. We will investigate these archetypes in terms of appearance, concept, etc. in 7 categories: human, natural, situational, numerical, geometric, physical and animal archetypes. Manuscript profile -
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56 - Examination the concept of archetype and its reflection in architecture
Elnaz BehnoudJung's psychoanalytic criticism and archetypal concepts as an interdisciplinary knowledge, with the knowledge that he created in the lower layers of the psyche, has presented new readings and works of art. Currently, archetype criticism is expanding and expanding in res MoreJung's psychoanalytic criticism and archetypal concepts as an interdisciplinary knowledge, with the knowledge that he created in the lower layers of the psyche, has presented new readings and works of art. Currently, archetype criticism is expanding and expanding in researches in the fields of humanities, art and architecture.With the growth and expansion of interdisciplinary activities, many different approaches and types have been proposed. One of these approaches is the archetype criticism approach, which has attracted the attention of researchers in the field of architecture in recent years. Architectural structures, as the first types of art, in addition to cultural features, contain information, knowledge and even memories related to previous generations, and part of their function is to transfer data and accumulate their inner selves to future generations. Therefore, the influence of the mind and psychological processes on the creation of a work of art is undeniable. There are always new things to discover and interpret in architectural works. Therefore, the influence of the mind and psychological processes on the creation of a work of art is undeniable. There are always new things to discover and interpret in architectural works. In the current research, based on interdisciplinary knowledge between architecture and psychology, archetypes are re-read from diverse, deep and internal angles. The purpose of this article is to answer the question of how to understand the reweaving of an accepted value in the subject of psychoanalysis in the architectural structure. Based on the nature of the research, this research has been written in a qualitative method using written sources. This research tries to discover their traces in architecture by studying archetypes and based on this, it identifies and introduces approaches that can be expanded. The research results show that architecture has two thresholds; First, the structural, industrial and material reality, and the second, the abstract, semantic, mental and spiritual dimension, is a suitable field for the symbolic reflection of archetypes. The investigation of Iranian architecture has often included stylistic, technical, historical criticisms or deciphering visual symbols based on the knowledge of symbology and religious culture, which are mostly based on self-centeredness. Therefore, the void of psychoanalytic critiques in architecture is evident. The interdisciplinary approach, with the aim of achieving fundamental concepts in architecture, provides new aspects beyond the general perspective of the researches that have been done so far with a psychoanalytical reading. The investigation of the historical architecture of Iran has often included stylistic, technical, historical criticisms or decoding of visual symbols based on the knowledge of symbology and religious culture, which are mostly based on self-centeredness. Therefore, the void of psychoanalytic criticism in Iranian architecture is evident. It is hoped that this interdisciplinary approach, with the aim of achieving fundamental concepts in Iranian architecture, will provide new aspects beyond the general perspective of the researches that have been done so far with a psychoanalytical reading.It is hoped that this interdisciplinary approach, with the aim of achieving fundamental concepts in Iranian architecture, will provide new aspects beyond the general perspective of the researches that have been done so far with a psychoanalytical reading. Manuscript profile -
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57 - Analysis of the Story of "Varaqe and Golshah" based on Archetypal Criticism
peyman niknami pooran yusefipoor kermani fatemeh ghafuri mahdi abadAbstractArchetypes are one of the most important topics in Jung's psychology.Because archetypes act like the bone of literature romance poetry is one of the areas that can serve as the backdrop for the emergence of archetypes. Because the literature of every nation has MoreAbstractArchetypes are one of the most important topics in Jung's psychology.Because archetypes act like the bone of literature romance poetry is one of the areas that can serve as the backdrop for the emergence of archetypes. Because the literature of every nation has its roots in the culture and beliefs of that land, and the study of ancient stories is important not only from the literary, artistic or entertainment point of view, but also from the point of view of people's personal and social thoughts and values. This study attempts to analyze the status of the transcendent lover in the context of Varaqe and Golshah by explaining the symbols and archetypes of the story of Varaqe and Golshah and the role of the Transcendent Lover. One can see unity and connection of the archetypes in this poem are in the direction of the growth and recognition and achieving human perfection of the lover. Manuscript profile -
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58 - A Study of the Archetype of a Seductive Woman in Iraj Mirza's "Zohreh and Manouchehr" Masnavi
Shekofeh Yaghmaei Mahmoud Sadeghzadeh Hadi HeidariniaArchetypes are the same and common forms in the minds and subconscious of human beings that show themselves in each era in the form of common beliefs of that period, and recognizing their changes and transformations can give us an understanding of deep currents. Increas MoreArchetypes are the same and common forms in the minds and subconscious of human beings that show themselves in each era in the form of common beliefs of that period, and recognizing their changes and transformations can give us an understanding of deep currents. Increase cultural, moral and religious in historical periods. In this research, the archetype of a seductive woman in literature has been analyzed and compared with Iraj Mirza's Masnavi "Zohreh and Manouchehr". The great poets have referred to the archetype of the seductive woman in their poetry. Iraj Mirza, in his Masnavi "Zohreh and Manouchehr", has used this archetype as the basis of his story and has called Zohreh the goddess of love and has given it a special character. In this research, in a descriptive-analytical way, an attempt has been made to study the archetypal manifestations of the seductive woman in the Masnavi of Zohreh and Manouchehr Iraj Mirza with accurate and comprehensive definitions of the archetype and forms of archetype. The results of the research indicate that Iraj Mirza called the goddess of love Venus in his story and is present in the literature named Venus and Anahita. Venus in this system, on the one hand, is the god of music, love, water, rain, fertility and the manifestation of purity and purity, and on the other hand, it represents a woman who ascends to heaven and to the star as a result of wrongful deception and deception of Harut and Marut. O becomes. Venus is also a character whose description and illustration are reminiscent of dance and merriment, and this is equivalent to its mythical aspect and its archetype in literature, where it is also a manifestation of dance, cheerfulness and love. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - The Reflection of Archetypal Concepts of Water in Sherko Bekas Poetry
jihad shokri saghar salmaniThe mythical critique or the archetype debate is one of the forms of the critique that results from the work of Carl Gustav Jung which is welcomed by a broader scope today. The water archetype is the most obvious achievement for the natural characteristics in the litera MoreThe mythical critique or the archetype debate is one of the forms of the critique that results from the work of Carl Gustav Jung which is welcomed by a broader scope today. The water archetype is the most obvious achievement for the natural characteristics in the literatures and the mythology of different nations which has a huge presence in a Kurdish literature. This vision can be seen in one of the most important literary poems of contemporary thought. The presence of water images in Sherko Bekas's poems is a sign of the solidity and the fixation of water in collective memory, which has been represented in literature. Water is one of these archetypes that has not been focused yet in the Kurdish literary product in terms of archetype. The new and innovative side of this course is reflected firstly in coming back to show water’s archetype and the study of Sherko Bekas poems. This study, which is being carried out in an analytical and descriptive way, relies on the mythical-psychological view of the appearance of the water image in Sherko Bekas poems to make it clear to us how much it is with archetypes principles. The results of this study show that Sherko used a number of global symbols to express the value of his criticisms and understandings, and many times we can see the important characteristics of Yung and other researchers of this field of archetype in Bekas’s poems which is manifested in different way. The most important work for the symbol of life being it which manifests itself in his poems. Manuscript profile -
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60 - Archetypes of creation in the Mashi and Mashiane myth and its examples in the myths of other societies
seyed mehdi Habibi sholouhsadat arabi hashemi Sohaila Torabi farsaniMythical themes are common and recurring in different societies. These themes are called archetypes and are found in mythological narratives around the world. The myth of the creation of the Mashi and Mashiane is no exception. Since myth and history are intertwined, som MoreMythical themes are common and recurring in different societies. These themes are called archetypes and are found in mythological narratives around the world. The myth of the creation of the Mashi and Mashiane is no exception. Since myth and history are intertwined, some of the mysteries of history can be obtained by analyzing the archetypes in the myth of creation and its adaptation to other narratives of creation. The present study is an analytical research based on library data. The purpose of this study is to study and analyze the archetypes of creation in the Mashi and Mashiane myth by adapting its examples in the myths of other societies, to better understand this myth. The results indicate that in the myth of the creation of the Mashi and Mashiane the role-playing role of archetypes such as; The first giant, god-like human, the first pair, the mother earth, the body plant and the reproductive plant, etc. are observed.The research method is descriptive, analytical based on library data Manuscript profile -
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61 - Analysis of the archetype of the miraculous childhood journey of the hero in the myth of Zal Joseph Campbell Pattern Pattern
shahrzad bahmaniInfluenced by the views of Jung and Freud, Joseph Campbell presented the archetype of the hero's journey to show that the hero's journey in the narrative-epic stories of different nations usually follows a fixed pattern. According to him, this model consists of three st MoreInfluenced by the views of Jung and Freud, Joseph Campbell presented the archetype of the hero's journey to show that the hero's journey in the narrative-epic stories of different nations usually follows a fixed pattern. According to him, this model consists of three stages of separation, arrival and return, which is called the nucleus of a single myth. The aim of the present study is to determine the extent of Zal's miraculous childhood journey in Ferdowsi Shahnameh with this model. To achieve this goal, descriptive-analytical method and based on library sources, archetypes of Zal myth were studied with a focus on the theory of the hero's journey "by Joseph Campbell. The results of this study indicate the adaptation of this journey to the mentioned pattern, Although a small part of Campbell's pattern in this myth has been displaced or does not exist due to the hero's miraculous childhood journey Manuscript profile -
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62 - Investigating the shadow archetype in didar dar shab forough's poem
mehran alivand kazem dezfoolianShadow is the of Jungian archetypes. Archetype has an ancient and eternal concept. And it considers as the common language among all human beings. Archetype places in collective unconscious. Shadow is the sinner and unprocessed dimension of us that deals whit our defect MoreShadow is the of Jungian archetypes. Archetype has an ancient and eternal concept. And it considers as the common language among all human beings. Archetype places in collective unconscious. Shadow is the sinner and unprocessed dimension of us that deals whit our defects and incompleteness. Also it is origin of creation and prosperity. Archetypes specially shadow usually appears in dream s or creative work of literature. In some parts of forough's poems we can see the traes of shadow. Chehre ye shegeft (the amazing face) has features of shadow. Forough e this rejected and ruined face that had no clear appearance at night and talked to it, and the shadow took the chance for telling the truth that always been hidden. Manuscript profile -
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63 - Comparative Criticism of Awareness of the Tow Hero in The Novel "When Nietzsche Wept"
Raheleh Abdollahzadeh Borzoo According to Campbell's monotheistic theory, the path to individuality is going through an internal or external journey. In this story, two scientists are unknowingly involved in More According to Campbell's monotheistic theory, the path to individuality is going through an internal or external journey. In this story, two scientists are unknowingly involved in despair; one wishes for freedom and the other wishes for friendship.Brewer is a physician, and Nietzsche is a patient who refuses to accept help, even for treatment. Inevitably, Brewer, pretending to be frustrated, obtains Nietzsche's consent to be hospitalized to cure his frustration. Brewer frees himself from obsessive thoughts and tastes freedom by learning to live in the present and willing his destiny.Nietzsche, who sought to find a way beyond his treatment, uses Brewer’sself-confession method to forgetSalome; But, despite finding a same-level friendship, he chooses solitude and returns to create the book that matured in his mindwhen he saw Salome.Brewer also returns to his family life, medicine and culture after receiving the final blessing of the trip,but this time, he has freely chosen it. Manuscript profile -
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64 - The Functional Analysis of Educational-Psychological Archetype of "the World" in Naser Khosro’s Poems (Based on Gilbert Doran Theory)
Arezoo Ahmadbeigi Ghorban Ali Ebrahimi shahrzad NiaziThe archetype of "the World" is one of the oldest images existed in the poetry of some poets since the beginning of Persian poetry and it has been reflected until the end of the eighth century AH. The image that Naser Khosrow has depicted in his relationship with the wo MoreThe archetype of "the World" is one of the oldest images existed in the poetry of some poets since the beginning of Persian poetry and it has been reflected until the end of the eighth century AH. The image that Naser Khosrow has depicted in his relationship with the world contained unappealing traits such as incompatibility, enmity, hatred, and so on. Naser Khosro is amongst the poets having a didactic viewpoint with the aim of warning man's attachment to the universe, its pests and dangers. He has frequently used this archetype in his poetry and focused on "commanding to the virtues" and "Prohibition the vices." He has also indicated the negative traits of the world and in shaping the structure of one's imagination and educational thinking system. This article aims at applying Gilbert Doran’s theoretical views (the famous French theorist and anthropologist) of the imaginative structure in Naser Khosro's Divan. The research intends to indicate that there is a direct and close relationship among issues such as the concept of time, death, and the poet’s reaction to controlling time. The creation of didactic images by the poet is basically a struggle to control time and get rid of death and its resulting fear. The frequency of such images in Naser Khosro’s Divan approve that fear of time passage has penetrated the poet's mind, led him to create images which have often been in the form of advice; the point that has been overlooked in the theory of the age. This article intends to explain and analyze the female gender in the formation of archetype of "the world" the universe. Manuscript profile -
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65 - The necessary of archetype role of the wise old man in education of the human
Mohammad Barani Fatemah TeimooriNizami Gnjavi’s works have been always considered as open and interpretable texts due to the complexity of meaning and language. As a result, it’s been analyzed in different perspectives. Archetype criticism of the literary works is a psychological one that MoreNizami Gnjavi’s works have been always considered as open and interpretable texts due to the complexity of meaning and language. As a result, it’s been analyzed in different perspectives. Archetype criticism of the literary works is a psychological one that has been common like the other interdisciplinary studies in the last decades. The review that studying the themes and images of the Jungian archetypes are in the human nature indicate the universality of human massage and poetry feelings. Emphasizing on the moral principles and trainings is one of the permanent principles of eternity for a work in the Orient. The main purpose of a poet in didactic poetry is the training of philosophy and morals, describing and explaining of the education, philosophic issues, thoughts, and inserting a lesson theme. Eskandar Nameh composed by Hakim Nizami Ganjavi is the manifestation of thoughts besides moral and philosophical principles. He composed the most valuable concepts of humanitarian. As an idealism thinker he raised the personality of hero; namely, Alexander, to help and guide a wise old up to an ideal man in his story. The behavioral characteristics of a human that reach to a perfection and each time this perfection is growing. In the present study with the help of Yung’s psychological school and the archetype, Nizami’s Eskandar Nameh has been studied and the role of old wise man in educational points has been taken into account. Manuscript profile -
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66 - Transcendence in the didactic and symbolic work of Bilawhar and Yudasaf
Rasoul Kazemzadeh Mohammad Pashaie Malihe HadidyThe story of Bilawhar and Yudasaf contains the history of Buddhism and after centuries it has been mixed with anecdotes and philosophical words and narrated in the form of parables and instructive stories. These parables are narrated by a pious sage named Bilawhar to gu MoreThe story of Bilawhar and Yudasaf contains the history of Buddhism and after centuries it has been mixed with anecdotes and philosophical words and narrated in the form of parables and instructive stories. These parables are narrated by a pious sage named Bilawhar to guide Yudasaf and encourage him to leave the world and find the truth. In this story, the concept of transcendence is emphasized. It means going higher, rising, reaching the peak, tending to grow and progress, excelling and perfection, and self-knowledge is the only sign of a mature and cultured person, which is emphasized in educational literature. This model has been proposed among all nations, religions and schools with different titles. In Islam, it can be reached nirvana or freedom from illusions and sufferings and attachments of the mortal world through spiritual focus or meditation in the teachings of Buddha. In this way, man always finds a passage through rebirths and reaches perfection. This research investigates the symbolic steps of transcendence in the dialectic story of Bilawhar and Yudasaf with a descriptive-analytical method and based on the library method and it indicates the main principles and conceptual structure of this dialectic book. Manuscript profile -
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67 - The Process of Individuation in Tamhīdāt: An Analysis
Elnāz Khojaste zenoozi Mahin PanāhiMystical text is an area of psychological exploration that provides a cognition, albeit a small one, of the position of nearness to God; it also reveals the hidden aspects of its author spiritual dimensions and shows how he/she understands his/her Lord and how he/she ap MoreMystical text is an area of psychological exploration that provides a cognition, albeit a small one, of the position of nearness to God; it also reveals the hidden aspects of its author spiritual dimensions and shows how he/she understands his/her Lord and how he/she approaches to God. In Jung’s school of analytical psychology, “the process of individuation” is an unconscious effort to achieve mental development; it explains that human beings can never achieve the full psychological development, but can only achieve individual, comprehensive and inner experiences by recognizing the "superego". Tamhīdāt (The Preludes) a treatise written by Ayn al-Quzat Hamadani, the prominent mystic of the fifth and sixth centuries AH, reflects a psychological development. The purpose of the present study is to investigate this development in the unconscious of the author of Tamhīdāt. The research has been done by descriptive-analytical method. The results indicate that the author, in his magnum opus, unconsciously shows the psychological development using the mystical teachings and exploring the unconscious. The unconscious influence of the archetypes, such as "Christ", "Wise old man" which eventually merge with the archetype of "shadow" and guide to light, is evident in the book; Ayn al-Quzat tries to achieve the process of individuation and to reach "the superego" in a pure and original way. Manuscript profile -
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68 - Archetypal Analysis of the Seven Labors of Rostam (Haft Khan-e Rostam); Based on Jung's Psychological Theory
Akbar Shāmloo Ebrāhim Vāsheghāni Farāhāni Rāmin KhodākaramiOne of the most common methods of studying mythology is the psychological analysis of myths. Carl Gustav Jung, the founder of personality psychology, opened a new window in criticism and analysis of myths by introducing archetypes. According to Jung, everyone has a pers MoreOne of the most common methods of studying mythology is the psychological analysis of myths. Carl Gustav Jung, the founder of personality psychology, opened a new window in criticism and analysis of myths by introducing archetypes. According to Jung, everyone has a personal and a collective unconscious. He believes that the personal unconscious is built on a deeper innate layer that is called collective unconscious or archetype. The manifestation of archetype is more prominent in the works of art, especially literature and myths. This issue can be seen in Shāhnāmeh which is one of the most famous Iranian mythological and epic texts. Shadow, anima, animus, hero and mother are the prominent archetypes of Shāhnāmeh. We can find many of these archetypes in the story of the Seven Labors of Rostam (Haft Khan-e Rostam). Based on Jung's theory, it can be considered the stages of the Labors a kind of passing from "ego" to reach "self" in order to achieve "psychological individuation". And this is not possible except with the help of the hero (Rostam) and the passing of the shadow. In fact, Kai Kāvus, as the symbol of man, benefits from the help of Rostam (hero) and passes from "ego" to "self" (psychological individuation). By employing comparative-analytical method and based on Jung's psychological theory the present article attempts to examine the story of the Seven Labors of Rostam (Haft Khan-e Rostam) as an archetype. Manuscript profile -
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69 - Jungian Archetypes and Abu Saeed Abu al-Kheir’s Mystical Method: A Comparative Study
Taqi Eje'i Mahdi Arab JafariMuslim mystics and Jung have similar teachings and views. Jungian archetypes, especially the archetypes of shadow and persona, are close to the ideas of Muslim mystics. Features of the shadow are close to the features that Islamic mystics express for soul, and the worsh MoreMuslim mystics and Jung have similar teachings and views. Jungian archetypes, especially the archetypes of shadow and persona, are close to the ideas of Muslim mystics. Features of the shadow are close to the features that Islamic mystics express for soul, and the worship and asceticism that mystics do to refining soul are somewhat like Jungian archetype of persona. Of course, due to the difference in goals and the epistemic foundations of Muslim mystics and Jung, there are differences in their methods. The present article seeks to compare these two Jungian archetypes with the teachings of Abu Saeed Abu al-Kheir. The author has tried to explain the similarities and differences of these two epistemological approaches with a comparative look, and to show the presentations of shadow in Abu Saeed's thoughts. Also, the attempt is made to find the types of persona in his ideas and express their positive and negative role. The result of the research shows that Jung's goal is to adapt man to his society and providing individuality for him in this society, but the goal of Abu Saeed is to bring man to Truth. Manuscript profile -
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70 - The Archetype of Circle: Symbols and Functions
Amir Hossein MadaniArchetypes are a set of images, ideal forms and biological and psychological experiences that are manifested in the form of common symbols and themes in myths, religions, rites, mysticism and tales. One of the most important archetypes is "the circle" that has common sy MoreArchetypes are a set of images, ideal forms and biological and psychological experiences that are manifested in the form of common symbols and themes in myths, religions, rites, mysticism and tales. One of the most important archetypes is "the circle" that has common symbols and functions in mythology and mysticism from way back. The symbols associated with the archetype of circle are as follows: unity and integrity, soul, the self, perfection, glory and power, sanctity and blessing, chance and omen, friendship and intimacy, time and eternity. The functions associated with it are protection and guarding, diversity of two heterogeneous spaces, treatment and mobility, self-knowledge, divine epiphany, representation of the divine science and lordly realities, seven modes of heart. By employing comparative-analytical method, the present article tries to show the most important symbols and functions of the archetype of circle in mythology and mysticism. Also, the attempt is made to show the role of "circle, center and circular movement" in mythological thoughts and religious-mystical beliefs. By this way, the central role of image schema of circle is shown in motifs like manifestation, the process of perfection of the universe, the arc of descent and ascent, creatio continua and the seven sacred and symbolic things. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Unity of Binary Oppositions in Ilāhī-Nāmeh; Based on the Concepts of Transformation and Equation
Sabikeh Esfandiyār Mahmood Hasanābādi Maryam ShabānzādehBinary oppositions are considered as one of the main components of the critique of modern texts; but they can also be used in the critique of Persian classical texts. In Ilāhī-Nāmeh, Attār Neishapouri suggests that on the path of the Truth, nobody can reach the perfecti MoreBinary oppositions are considered as one of the main components of the critique of modern texts; but they can also be used in the critique of Persian classical texts. In Ilāhī-Nāmeh, Attār Neishapouri suggests that on the path of the Truth, nobody can reach the perfection without binary oppositions. Thus, he faces the sālek (holy traveler) with much binary oppositions from the beginning to the end of suluk (spiritual journey). Attār believes that the only method for converting oppositions to unity is to use the force of "transformation" and "equation". Most of the oppositions employed by Attār are linked to "transformation"; in this way, the opposites change their nature and unite with each other. In this "transformation", he seeks a kind of "transcendence" that needs contemplation and going beyond the corporal world. By using descriptive and analytic method, in the present article, the attempt is made to explain Attār's Divine thoughts based on concepts of "binary oppositions", "transformation" and "equation". This research does not seek to find the opposite terms and to classify the binary oppositions quantitatively, but it attempts to find the concepts that beyond apparent oppositions may conduce to the perfection of man. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - Archetypes in the Works of Jean-Marie Gustav Le Clézio: “Desert, the Prospector, the Book of Flights”
Vahid Nejād Mohammad Marzieh BalighiThe power of imagination and storytelling is one of the means for expressing man's historical and biological riddles. Since the beginning of human imagination and the moment of literary creation, the relationship between literature and myth has always existed. Documenta MoreThe power of imagination and storytelling is one of the means for expressing man's historical and biological riddles. Since the beginning of human imagination and the moment of literary creation, the relationship between literature and myth has always existed. Documentaries and fictional records provide the opportunity to reconstruct historical and mythical phenomena and to analyze psychological concepts. The twentieth-century writers, including Gustave Le Clézio, put forward their ideas in imaginative and realistic contexts; these contexts carry the perceptual and historical features that are collectively achievable. By re-reading some Jungian archetypes, such as persona, anima, animus, sage, shadow, back to oneself and birth, Le Clézio relied a large part of his writing on the collective conscious and myths, and could depict the deepest layers and latent myths of human psyche along with individual and natural elements in the fictional and imaginative world. The process of individuality and the movement of his fictional characters are also formed alongside this fictional world. Hence, the narrative structure of his stories presents a symbolic psychological system that is defined in the context of history and myth. The aim of the present article is to identify this psychological system along with Jungian archetypes in three works of Le Clézio, Desert, The Prospector and The Book of Flights. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - The "Mother Archetype" in Qesse-hā-ye Mašdī Galīn Xānūm Based on Jungian Theories
Seyyed Hasan Rouhani Seraji Hossein Khosrav Amir Hossein HematiOne of contemporary criticism method is archetypal criticism which is based on the thoughts of Swiss psychiatrist, Carl Gustav Jung. Archetypes are important psychological elements that exist in the human collective unconscious. Tales and myths, as parts of oral literat MoreOne of contemporary criticism method is archetypal criticism which is based on the thoughts of Swiss psychiatrist, Carl Gustav Jung. Archetypes are important psychological elements that exist in the human collective unconscious. Tales and myths, as parts of oral literature, include many archetypes. One of the well-known examples of archetypes is mother archetype. The mother archetype manifests itself in real and virtual form with a positive or negative presentation. The aim of present article is to determine the position of the mother archetype in Qesse-hā-ye Mašdī Galīn Xānūm based on Jungian definition of archetype. For this purpose, the tales of this collection are studied and the archetypal samples are extracted and then analyzed. Also, the frequency of the presence of the archetype is determined. The results show that the mother archetype is an important and effective component in Iranian stories; the tales and stories are full of archetypal elements, especially mother archetype and one can analyze Iranian stories according to Jung's theories. So, understanding archetypes can guide to the correct understanding of Iranian stories, their characters and symbols. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Anima and Animus Archetypes in the Myth of Moon; A Comparative Study in the Myths of Nations
Ātefeh Fenderski Fātemeh AkbariVarious intellectual schools have proposed different ways to study myths. Jung, one of the pioneers of psychology, discusses about the depths of collective unconsciousness and archetypes. Animus as the unconscious masculine side of a woman, and anima as the unconscious MoreVarious intellectual schools have proposed different ways to study myths. Jung, one of the pioneers of psychology, discusses about the depths of collective unconsciousness and archetypes. Animus as the unconscious masculine side of a woman, and anima as the unconscious feminine side of a man, are two Jungian archetypes that help us to know unconsciousness. Also, according to Jungian thought, much of the unconscious is manifested through myths. The mythological narratives of different nations about the Moon are good platforms for the study of unconscious and archetypes. Based on Jungian concepts of animus and anima and archetypal relationships, in the present article, the common beliefs of the nations about the myth of Moon are reviewed and the dual nature of Moon and the union of opposite views about it are shown. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - The Myths of Siavash and Kotan Utunnai: A Comparative Study in Persian and Far East Mythologies; Based on Joseph Campbell's Approach
Saeed Akhavāni Fattāneh Mahmoudi Today's human interpretation of mythology suggests that myth is more than fiction. In the age of pre-science and pre-philosophy, the answers to questions of human beings could be found in myths. One of the issues raised about myth, is the similarity of the myths More Today's human interpretation of mythology suggests that myth is more than fiction. In the age of pre-science and pre-philosophy, the answers to questions of human beings could be found in myths. One of the issues raised about myth, is the similarity of the myths of various tribes and civilizations. Thus, the question arises: what is the reason of the similarity of myths among the unrelated tribes? By using the analytic-comparative method, the present article tries to compare the myth of "Siavash" in Iran with Kotan Utunnai, an epic belonged to Ainu (the indigenous people of Japan). In the research, the archetype of hero's journey, proposed by Joseph Campbell, as the theoretical basis, and the triple steps of hero's journey, as the variable of the study, are considered. The results show that the people who lived in the age of myth, regardless of their different languages and cultures, had common epistemological and ontological foundations that are represented in myths. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - The Archetype of Death and Rebirth in the Works of Badi Saqour and Shafiei Kadkani: A Comparative Study
Gholāmrezā Pirouz Parināz BāgheriArchetypes are rooted in the depths of collective unconsciousness; some of them, beyond the geographical boundaries, are present in the minds of all men. The present article, by using analytical-comparative method, attempts to exmine "the archetype of death and rebirth" MoreArchetypes are rooted in the depths of collective unconsciousness; some of them, beyond the geographical boundaries, are present in the minds of all men. The present article, by using analytical-comparative method, attempts to exmine "the archetype of death and rebirth" in the poems let the Pigeon sleep by Syrian poet, Badi Saqour and in the Praise of Pigeons by M.R. Shafiei Kadkani. The issue of death and rebirth in these poems can be studied in three ways: a: The poet's focus is more on the subject of death. b: Death and rebirth occur in a balanced manner. c: More attention is paid to the subject of rebirth. The most important findings of this study are as follows: Many of the poems in these two collections are based on the balance between death and rebirth. In other his poems, Badi Saqour focuses more on death; but, Shafiei Kadkani emphasizes more on the issue of rebirth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - The Animality of the Soul in the Anecdotes of Tazkirat-al-Auliyā
Alirezā Asadi Fātemeh CherāghizādegānIn mystical texts, there is a trace of the animality of the soul, though this belief dates back to the primitive era of human life. In his works, Carl Gostov Jung has introduced some of the repeated animal symbols in primitive and quasi-primitive ethnic groups; his theo MoreIn mystical texts, there is a trace of the animality of the soul, though this belief dates back to the primitive era of human life. In his works, Carl Gostov Jung has introduced some of the repeated animal symbols in primitive and quasi-primitive ethnic groups; his theories are based on mythological and anthropological studies about these groups. In the present article, we study the role of animals in Tazkirat-al-Auliyā with a comparative-analytic method based on Jung's ideas. The results show that in the anecdotes of the book, animals play a role based on mythological beliefs about the animality of the soul. If we, like Jung's psychoanalysis, believe that the soul is an old expression of "self" and "psyche", then the animals play the role of unconscious symbols and are part of the process of psyche evolution. In the anecdotes of Tazkirat-al-Auliyā, sometimes, animals are the symbol of the mystic's transcendent self, they protect him and talk to him, they have superior knowledge and give him a transcendental knowledge; and sometimes they refer to the mystic as the head of the tribe and the owner of the totem. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - The Mythological Analysis of Gāv, Based on the Archetypal Role of Cow in the Iranian Mythology
Sadreddin TāheriIn animist cultures, the chosen animal represents an eternal power, which needs to be ritually sacrificed to blessing or as atonement for sins. In an altar, sometimes the chosen man and the chosen animal substitute one another. In the Abrahamic religions, the successor MoreIn animist cultures, the chosen animal represents an eternal power, which needs to be ritually sacrificed to blessing or as atonement for sins. In an altar, sometimes the chosen man and the chosen animal substitute one another. In the Abrahamic religions, the successor sacrifice is often a camel or a sheep. But taking a look at pre-Islamic Iranian beliefs reveals that for the ancient Iranians the chosen animal is cow which in its archetypal role, as the sacrifice, blesses the nature. The purpose of the present article is to explore the mythological roots in Gāv (The Cow), a screenplay by Gholām-Hossein Sā'edi, with a comparative mythological approach. The research has been done by using descriptive-analytical and developmental method and its qualitative data have been collected in a documentary manner. The result of the research reveals that the mythological actors of this narrative are as follows: the shaman (Mash Islam), the nuns (Naneh Khanom and Naneh Fatemeh), the devilish powers (the Porusi bandits), the sacrificial animal (the cow) and the sacrificial man (Mash Hasan). After the cow dies, Mash Hasan substitutes for it, and eventually he suffers the same death as the cow. In this way, the border between the sacrificial animal and the sacrificial man is abolished. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - The Masculinity of the Golden Calf; An Analysis Based on Archetypal Criticism
Zahrā Mohagheghiyān The story of the Golden calf is one of the most important stories of the Holy Quran which is also mentioned several times in the Torah. Along with many questions about the story, what is important is the reason for choosing the calf from a variety More The story of the Golden calf is one of the most important stories of the Holy Quran which is also mentioned several times in the Torah. Along with many questions about the story, what is important is the reason for choosing the calf from a variety of totemic animals. Why does Samiri choose a calf among all animals? Why is the calf represented as masculine in the Holy Quran? Basically, what is the purpose of telling the story and alluding to a male calf in the verses of the Holy Quran? By exploring the cultural beliefs of Mesopotamian and Semitic people, in the present article, first, the attempt is made to examine the features of calf in terms of its ritual and symbolic importance. Then, the semantic context of the Qur'anic verse referring to the gender of the calf is examined. The article uses archetypal criticism and Jungian ideas with an analytical and comparative approach to the Holy Quran and The Holy Scripture. Findings of the study indicate that the masculinity of the calf is a theme with a special meaning and is used as a rejection of some customs of the Age of Ignorance about the sanctity of natural objects. Since attention to gender did not play much role in the Abrahamic religions, so in later periods it was not raised. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Psycho-Mythological Analysis of a Story of Children: The Study of the Horn that got Croup; Based on the Theory of Individuation
Amir Hossein Zanjanbar Ayoob MoradiJung considers psychoanalysis as archeology of human consciousness. On this basis, the term "archetype", which underlies the theory of the process of individuation, is derived from a combination of the terms archeology and typology. Individuation is the archetype of psy MoreJung considers psychoanalysis as archeology of human consciousness. On this basis, the term "archetype", which underlies the theory of the process of individuation, is derived from a combination of the terms archeology and typology. Individuation is the archetype of psychological development which is involuntary, gradual, regular and strong. It consists of a chain of archetypes such as shadow, persona, wise old man, anima. The goal of the process of individuation is the conscious integration of the components of this archetypal chain in the form of a single archetype called "self". Jung's psycho-mythological analysis is based on the discovery and interpretation of archetypes, and in the present research, we use this method of analysis to recognize and interpret archetypes related to the process of individuation in the story The horn that got Croup, written by Hamed Habibi and illustrated by Alireza Goldooziyan. We are also looking for an answer to the question of how the archetypes of psychological development are represented in the text and images of the story. The innovation of the research is that it examines the theory of individuation in a text composed of text and image. In other words, it considers the interaction of archetypes related to individuation in the verbal and visual text. The results show that the pattern of identification in such stories is the reproduction of the archetype of individuality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - Taboo-Breaking in the Story of Sheikh Sanān; An Analysis Based on Jung's Theory
Mohammad Ahi Elyas GhaderiTaboo (meaning prohibited and forbidden) refers to things that have limits and follow certain rules and should not be broken under any circumstances, and if they are broken, the person and her/his relatives will suffer negative and harmful consequences. The present stud MoreTaboo (meaning prohibited and forbidden) refers to things that have limits and follow certain rules and should not be broken under any circumstances, and if they are broken, the person and her/his relatives will suffer negative and harmful consequences. The present study, by using analytic-descriptive method and library sources, examines the examples of taboo-breaking in the story of Sheikh Sanān from the mystical book of Attār of Nishapur, Mantiq-ut-Tayr. In the article, the taboos are divided into two categories: Islamic and Christian taboos, and each of them has been analyzed according to the relevant religion. The main question is, given the character of Sheikh Sanān, why are taboos broken? The answer of the question is given based on the psychology of Jung and according to the principles of Islam and Christianity. Carl Gustav Jung believes that the incompatible and negative features are the result of the function of the shadow archetype. Therefore, the reason for breaking the taboos by the protagonists - Sheikh Sanān and the Christian girl - is the result of the action of the shadow archetype. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - The Genealogical Values of Vegetative Reason and the Growth of "Kin Plant" in Shānāmeh Based on Archetypal Criticism; The Case Study: The Myth of Siavash and Kei-Khosrow
pegah mahmoudi Nedā MounzaviThe approach of archetypal criticism, which has its foundation in anthropology, is interdisciplinary in nature. This method is particularly prominent in the study of epic works, such as Ferdowsi's Shānāmeh, due to the deep-rooted archetypes and mythological foundations MoreThe approach of archetypal criticism, which has its foundation in anthropology, is interdisciplinary in nature. This method is particularly prominent in the study of epic works, such as Ferdowsi's Shānāmeh, due to the deep-rooted archetypes and mythological foundations present in these texts. The collective unconscious plays a dominant role in great mythological and mystical works, as evidenced by the presence of motifs such as the repetition of cosmic processes, rituals, gods, and supernatural elements. As a result, these texts, and particularly Shānāmeh, are highly suitable for the analysis of archetypal elements. The purpose of this research is to investigate and analyze the archetypal connection between plants and humans in myths, specifically focusing on the stories of Siavash and Kei-Khosrow. This research employs a descriptive-analytical method and utilizes Jung's critique of archetypes to analyze the archetypal and genealogical aspects of the vegetative reason. The findings of this research indicate that the "Kin plant" (coral plant or Erythrina corallodendron) that grows from Siavash's blood is a symbol of the archetype of human reason and plant descent of man, which is manifested in the existence of Kei-Khosrow. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - The Mythological Readings of the Moon in Badr Shakir al-Sayyab's Poems
bahrali rezaii Mohsen Seifi In the depiction of the social and political situation, contemporary poets utilize natural phenomena, such as the moon, which serves as both a poetic symbol and a mythological emblem. This usage plays a significant role. Therefore, it becomes imperative to purpose More In the depiction of the social and political situation, contemporary poets utilize natural phenomena, such as the moon, which serves as both a poetic symbol and a mythological emblem. This usage plays a significant role. Therefore, it becomes imperative to purposefully interpret the mythological portrayals that are rooted in collective unconscious and archetypes inherent within the poet. Based on this, the portrayal of the moon in a poet's poetry reflects his/her style of thinking. This study aims to explore the visual implications of the mythological narrative surrounding the moon in Badr Shakir al-Sayyab's poems, employing a descriptive-analytical approach. The term 'qamar' (moon) appears 83 times, 'badr' (the full moon) 3 times, and 'hilal' (the crescent moon) 5 times in his poetry. Based on the results, we can conclude that the portrayal of socio-political issues through the moon symbol signifies a protest against the governing system within Iraqi society. This issue is illustrated in Sayyab's utilization of the myth of the moon and the archetypal analysis of the animus (masculine manifestation) and anima. The archetypal portrayal of animus embodies wisdom and guidance, while the archetypal manifestation of anima represents immortality and passion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - The Performance of Myth in Modern life: The Archetypes of "Mountain-Cave" and "Circle"
بهروز اَتونی By considering the two archetypes of "mountain-cave" and "circle" in Persian mythology and Ferdowsi's epic, Shāhnāmeh, the present article attempts to study the MiladTower, the tallest tower in Iran, in order to see the impressions of the above mentioned archety More By considering the two archetypes of "mountain-cave" and "circle" in Persian mythology and Ferdowsi's epic, Shāhnāmeh, the present article attempts to study the MiladTower, the tallest tower in Iran, in order to see the impressions of the above mentioned archetypes in it. Its stucture, head stucture and revolving restaurant are inspected with respect to these archetypes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - The Animus in Epic Myths: A "Mythological Criticism of Depth" Approach
بهروز اتونی According to Carl Gustav Jung, The Archetypal themes (like creation and death) and images (like mountain and numbers) are rooted in basic archetypes. The self, the shadow, the anima, the animus, and persona are the main archetypes. In "mythological criticism of More According to Carl Gustav Jung, The Archetypal themes (like creation and death) and images (like mountain and numbers) are rooted in basic archetypes. The self, the shadow, the anima, the animus, and persona are the main archetypes. In "mythological criticism of depth", it is necessary to use these archetypes for analyzing and decoding of myths. In literature and literary critical texts, they are not analyzed from mythological criticism point of view. The present article tries to study the function of one of these archetypes, namely the animus, in epic myths, especially Shāhnāmeh, from mythological criticism point of view. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - The Story of Sheikh San’ān: A Jungian Approach
سعید بزرگ بیگدلی احسان پورابریشم According to Jungian Archetypes, the story of Sheikh San’ān is the story of confronting conscious and unconscious. Sheikh San’ān was a well-known man of religion, who, after having spent fifty years of his life worshiping God almighty, fell in love w More According to Jungian Archetypes, the story of Sheikh San’ān is the story of confronting conscious and unconscious. Sheikh San’ān was a well-known man of religion, who, after having spent fifty years of his life worshiping God almighty, fell in love with a young beautiful Christian girl. The archetypes of anima, wise old man (pir-e dānā) and hero, and other concepts such as shadow, rebirthing and journey can be explored from Jungian point of view. Considering the Jungian concept of individuation, the present article strives to analyze the story of Sheikh San’ān. . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - The Animus in Epic Myths: A "Mythological Criticism of Depth" Approach
Behroz AtoonīAccording to Carl Gustav Jung, The Archetypal themes (like creation and death) and archetypal images (such as mountain and numbers) originate from basic archetypes. The self, the shadow, the anima, the animus, and persona are the main archetypes. In "mythological critic MoreAccording to Carl Gustav Jung, The Archetypal themes (like creation and death) and archetypal images (such as mountain and numbers) originate from basic archetypes. The self, the shadow, the anima, the animus, and persona are the main archetypes. In "mythological criticism of depth", it is necessary to use these archetypes for analyzing and decoding of myths. In literature and literary critical texts, they are not analyzed from mythological criticism point of view. In the present article, the author tries to study the function of one of these archetypes, namely, the animus, in the epic myths, especially Shāhnāmeh, from mythological criticism point of view. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - Persian Poetry and Archetypes: A Constructive Approach to Shāmlū's Poetry
ابوالفضل حرّی By considering the meaning of archetype and myth, in the present article attempt is made to show the relationship between the two in some selected poems by certain Persian classic and modern Poets. Then, based on Jungian concepts – conscious, unconsious an More By considering the meaning of archetype and myth, in the present article attempt is made to show the relationship between the two in some selected poems by certain Persian classic and modern Poets. Then, based on Jungian concepts – conscious, unconsious and collective unconscious – the role of archetype in the works of the contemporary Persian poet, Ahmad Shāmlū (1925-2000) is demonstrated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - The Study of Common Themes in the Myths of Fratricide
Seidamir Jahādji HosseiniFratricide, as an archetype, has a precedent as old as human life and its origin goes back to religions and the myths of Creation. According to the myth of fratricide, sense of competition and jealousy among brothers are instigated by their father paying too much attent MoreFratricide, as an archetype, has a precedent as old as human life and its origin goes back to religions and the myths of Creation. According to the myth of fratricide, sense of competition and jealousy among brothers are instigated by their father paying too much attention to one of brothers or one of the brothers somehow gains a better position than the other. We can read the stories of fratricide in the texts of nations and compare their differences and similarities. The present article attempts to answer this question: How has the theme of fratricide appeared in the myths of various nations? To answer this question, at first, we consider the samples of the myth of fratricide among various nations by using descriptive-analytical method. Then the common themes of the myths and their structures are analyzed. Fratricide, as an archetype, has a precedent as old as human life and its origin goes back to religions and the myths of Creation. According to the myth of fratricide, sense of competition and jealousy among brothers are instigated by their father paying too much attention to one of brothers or one of the brothers somehow gains a better position than the other. We can read the stories of fratricide in the texts of nations and compare their differences and similarities. The present article attempts to answer this question: How has the theme of fratricide appeared in the myths of various nations? To answer this question, at first, we consider the samples of the myth of fratricide among various nations by using descriptive-analytical method. Then the common themes of the myths and their structures are analyzed. Fratricide, as an archetype, has a precedent as old as human life and its origin goes back to religions and the myths of Creation. According to the myth of fratricide, sense of competition and jealousy among brothers are instigated by their father paying too much attention to one of brothers or one of the brothers somehow gains a better position than the other. We can read the stories of fratricide in the texts of nations and compare their differences and similarities. The present article attempts to answer this question: How has the theme of fratricide appeared in the myths of various nations? To answer this question, at first, we consider the samples of the myth of fratricide among various nations by using descriptive-analytical method. Then the common themes of the myths and their structures are analyzed. Fratricide, as an archetype, has a precedent as old as human life and its origin goes back to religions and the myths of Creation. According to the myth of fratricide, sense of competition and jealousy among brothers are instigated by their father paying too much attention to one of brothers or one of the brothers somehow gains a better position than the other. We can read the stories of fratricide in the texts of nations and compare their differences and similarities. The present article attempts to answer this question: How has the theme of fratricide appeared in the myths of various nations? To answer this question, at first, we consider the samples of the myth of fratricide among various nations by using descriptive-analytical method. Then the common themes of the myths and their structures are analyzed. Fratricide, as an archetype, has a precedent as old as human life and its origin goes back to religions and the myths of Creation. According to the myth of fratricide, sense of competition and jealousy among brothers are instigated by their father paying too much attention to one of brothers or one of the brothers somehow gains a better position than the other. We can read the stories of fratricide in the texts of nations and compare their differences and similarities. The present article attempts to answer this question: How has the theme of fratricide appeared in the myths of various nations? To answer this question, at first, we consider the samples of the myth of fratricide among various nations by using descriptive-analytical method. Then the common themes of the myths and their structures are analyzed. Fratricide, as an archetype, has a precedent as old as human life and its origin goes back to religions and the myths of Creation. According to the myth of fratricide, sense of competition and jealousy among brothers are instigated by their father paying too much attention to one of brothers or one of the brothers somehow gains a better position than the other. We can read the stories of fratricide in the texts of nations and compare their differences and similarities. The present article attempts to answer this question: How has the theme of fratricide appeared in the myths of various nations? To answer this question, at first, we consider the samples of the myth of fratricide among various nations by using descriptive-analytical method. Then the common themes of the myths and their structures are analyzed. Fratricide, as an archetype, has a precedent as old as human life and its origin goes back to religions and the myths of Creation. According to the myth of fratricide, sense of competition and jealousy among brothers are instigated by their father paying too much attention to one of brothers or one of the brothers somehow gains a better position than the other. We can read the stories of fratricide in the texts of nations and compare their differences and similarities. The present article attempts to answer this question: How has the theme of fratricide appeared in the myths of various nations? To answer this question, at first, we consider the samples of the myth of fratricide among various nations by using descriptive-analytical method. Then the common themes of the myths and their structures are analyzed. Fratricide, as an archetype, has a precedent as old as human life and its origin goes back to religions and the myths of Creation. According to the myth of fratricide, sense of competition and jealousy among brothers are instigated by their father paying too much attention to one of brothers or one of the brothers somehow gains a better position than the other. We can read the stories of fratricide in the texts of nations and compare their differences and similarities. The present article attempts to answer this question: How has the theme of fratricide appeared in the myths of various nations? To answer this question, at first, we consider the samples of the myth of fratricide among various nations by using descriptive-analytical method. Then the common themes of the myths and their structures are analyzed. Fratricide, as an archetype, has a precedent as old as human life and its origin goes back to religions and the myths of Creation. According to the myth of fratricide, sense of competition and jealousy among brothers are instigated by their father paying too much attention to one of brothers or one of the brothers somehow gains a better position than the other. We can read the stories of fratricide in the texts of nations and compare their differences and similarities. The present article attempts to answer this question: How has the theme of fratricide appeared in the myths of various nations? To answer this question, at first, we consider the samples of the myth of fratricide among various nations by using descriptive-analytical method. Then the common themes of the myths and their structures are analyzed. Fratricide, as an archetype, has a precedent as old as human life and its origin goes back to religions and the myths of Creation. According to the myth of fratricide, sense of competition and jealousy among brothers are instigated by their father paying too much attention to one of brothers or one of the brothers somehow gains a better position than the other. We can read the stories of fratricide in the texts of nations and compare their differences and similarities. The present article attempts to answer this question: How has the theme of fratricide appeared in the myths of various nations? To answer this question, at first, we consider the samples of the myth of fratricide among various nations by using descriptive-analytical method. Then the common themes of the myths and their structures are analyzed. Fratricide, as an archetype, has a precedent as old as human life and its origin goes back to religions and the myths of Creation. According to the myth of fratricide, sense of competition and jealousy among brothers are instigated by their father paying too much attention to one of brothers or one of the brothers somehow gains a better position than the other. We can read the stories of fratricide in the texts of nations and compare their differences and similarities. The present article attempts to answer this question: How has the theme of fratricide appeared in the myths of various nations? To answer this question, at first, we consider the samples of the myth of fratricide among various nations by using descriptive-analytical method. Then the common themes of the myths and their structures are analyzed. Fratricide, as an archetype, has a precedent as old as human life and its origin goes back to religions and the myths of Creation. According to the myth of fratricide, sense of competition and jealousy among brothers are instigated by their father paying too much attention to one of brothers or one of the brothers somehow gains a better position than the other. We can read the stories of fratricide in the texts of nations and compare their differences and similarities. The present article attempts to answer this question: How has the theme of fratricide appeared in the myths of various nations? To answer this question, at first, we consider the samples of the myth of fratricide among various nations by using descriptive-analytical method. Then the common themes of the myths and their structures are analyzed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - The quests of Hercules, Rostam and Esfandiyar: A Psychological Approach
kobra bahmani azade niromandHercules, Greek mythological hero, Rostam and Esfandiyar, Iranian mythological heroes, have a common ground: Going on difficult quests and accomplishing impossible missions. Hercules, to reach eternity, is forced to fulfill back- breaking tasks. Rostam, for saving MoreHercules, Greek mythological hero, Rostam and Esfandiyar, Iranian mythological heroes, have a common ground: Going on difficult quests and accomplishing impossible missions. Hercules, to reach eternity, is forced to fulfill back- breaking tasks. Rostam, for saving the old King, and Esfandiyar, for saving his sisters, have to pass through seven labours of heros (Haft-Khan). In the present article, considering the Jungian concept of individuation, attempt is made to compare these three journeys. According to Carl Gustav Jung, the archetypes are the collective unconscious of man present in the process of individuation. Myths and legends remain ever present in the underlying layers of the unconscious; and the elements of individuation, in the form of cave, dragon, giant and etc., can be found in them. Despite of their differences, all three missions are struggles towards perfection. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - Analysis of Structure of Cheragh-ha ra Man Khamush Mikonam; Based on the Archetype of Hero's Journey
afsane hasanzade In oral and written literature, one of the most enduring archetypes is the archetype of hero's journey that is proposed by Joseph Campbell based on Jung’s views. According to Christopher Vogler, this universal archetype can be found in many films and storie More In oral and written literature, one of the most enduring archetypes is the archetype of hero's journey that is proposed by Joseph Campbell based on Jung’s views. According to Christopher Vogler, this universal archetype can be found in many films and stories all through the world. In other words, we can see the common structural elements in stories, myths and tales; the stages of archetype of hero's journey can be seen in them. By analyzing Zoya Pirzad’s novel Cheragh-ha ra man khamush mikonam (I Will Turn Off the Lights) the archetype of hero's journey can be seen. The first character of the novel, like the mythic heroes, begins a journey to her inner world and finally returns to her married life and those close to her while holding elixir of consciousness and self-examination. The present article tries to consider the novel from this view. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - The Archetype of Sun in the Poems of Khāghanī and Nezāmī
محسن ذوالفقاری الهام حدادی According to Carl Gustav Jung, the archetypes appear in the collective unconscious through the symbols. The archetype of sun, symbol of power and beauty, has striking presence in Persian poetry. The present article, by studying the poems of Khāghanī and Nezāmī, More According to Carl Gustav Jung, the archetypes appear in the collective unconscious through the symbols. The archetype of sun, symbol of power and beauty, has striking presence in Persian poetry. The present article, by studying the poems of Khāghanī and Nezāmī, tries to show that the archetype of sun is rooted in the collective unconscious of these poets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - Manifestations of Animus Archetype in Persian Literature
Shokrollāh Pourolkhās Jafar EshqīFrom the biological point of view, all human beings possess both male and female traits. Yet, it is the social norms that define gender differences, emphasizing femininity and masculinity. As a result, every individual strengthens the characteristics of their normal gen MoreFrom the biological point of view, all human beings possess both male and female traits. Yet, it is the social norms that define gender differences, emphasizing femininity and masculinity. As a result, every individual strengthens the characteristics of their normal gender whereas the aspects of the other gender lose prominence and fade away. However, anima, i.e. the feminine inner personality, and animus, i.e. the masculine inner personality, tend to appear in dreams, imaginations, myths, literature and the like. In the present article, two manifestations of animus, i.e. ‘the beloved man (the ideal man)’ and ‘the inner companion’ in Persian literature and culture are studied. Using an analytic and descriptive method, it will be shown that one of the manifestations of animus in the unconscious of Iranian woman is rooted in a prototype; it most probably is Mithra. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - The Mythical Deep-Structures in the Works of Mohebali; A Case Study: The Grey Spell
Ali Taslimi Farzāneh MoonesānMyths depict interpretations of ancient man about phenomena. Myth is a kind of discourse that its deep-structure is fact and story is its sub-structure. Based on their ideology and the socio-historical conditions of their time, contemporary writers endeavor to revive my MoreMyths depict interpretations of ancient man about phenomena. Myth is a kind of discourse that its deep-structure is fact and story is its sub-structure. Based on their ideology and the socio-historical conditions of their time, contemporary writers endeavor to revive myths. The revival of myth in the literary works is a result of socio-philosophical visions of their writers. To express and envision their views, the contemporary writers use symbolic names and archetypes. In her stories, Mahsa Mohebali, Iranian contemporary writer and novelist, has used myths for narrative, semantic and feminist purposes. By using the analytic-descriptive method and based on psychoanalysis theories, the present article tries to review ways and reasons of recreating the mythical themes in her works. One of Mohebali's works, The Grey Spell (Nefrine Khakestari) is a novel that its characterizations, themes and atmospheres can only be explained with a mythological approach. In the novel, the writer describes the contemporary Tehran space and conditions of a psychiatric patient; she addresses the subject of psychoanalysis and by these ways, the structure of her novel is expressed by the central character of the story. She uses myths and archetypes to search for identity and to defend the rights of women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - The Archetypes in the Works of Ghazaleh Alizadeh: A Critical Approach
نرگس باقری مصطفی موسوی راد The female characters in the stories of Ghazāleh Alizādeh have some common salient features that have been turned them into myths or quasi-myths. These features are as follows: having good and bad features of Satan and Angel, being simultaneously child and old, More The female characters in the stories of Ghazāleh Alizādeh have some common salient features that have been turned them into myths or quasi-myths. These features are as follows: having good and bad features of Satan and Angel, being simultaneously child and old, having magical female power as well as spiritual wisdom, and being symbol of spiritual inspiration. Since there is a close link between mythical and psychological criticism, hence both have impact on individual’s personality. On the other hand, the archetypes like instincts have an effect on human behavior and also contribute to the formation of personality. The present article, by considering these points, tries to analyze the features of female characters in Alizādeh’s works. The research shows that Alizādeh appeals to mythical symbols and creates one-sided images, exoteric and unknown characters, and shows an abnormal relation between dream and fact. Manuscript profile -
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96 - Archetype in the Poems of Ahmad Shāmlū: A Pragmatic Approach
parvane delavar mohamad ali gozashti alireza salehiArchetype is a hidden structural tendency that shows the contents and dynamic processes of a collective unconscious. Archetypes can be studied in different contexts: dreams, myths, religion and literature. The present article, based on the concept of "pragmatic meaning" MoreArchetype is a hidden structural tendency that shows the contents and dynamic processes of a collective unconscious. Archetypes can be studied in different contexts: dreams, myths, religion and literature. The present article, based on the concept of "pragmatic meaning", tries to study the most prominent archetypes - such as anima, land, city/home, water - in the poems of Ahmad Shāmlū (1925-2000). So, the ideological layers of the poems are considered as an outer-context factor, showing their mythological and epic function. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - The Analysis of the Archetype of Hero's Journey in Darab Nama of Tarsusi Based on Joseph Campbell's Pattern
Rahmān Zabihi Parvin PeikāniBy presenting the archetype of hero's journey, Joseph Campbell has tried to show that this archetype has a common pattern in narrative texts of different nations. He believes that the archetype has three parts: departure, initiation and return. The present article MoreBy presenting the archetype of hero's journey, Joseph Campbell has tried to show that this archetype has a common pattern in narrative texts of different nations. He believes that the archetype has three parts: departure, initiation and return. The present article, studies the way in which the journey of Darab (in Darab Nama of Tarsusi) with the archetype of hero’s journey correspond. Piki invites Darab to journey and at first, Darab delays in responding his request, but then, he begins his journey. After overcoming the guards of ‘the first gate’, he enters ‘the road of examination’ and prevails upon obstacles. Then, he comes face to face with the tempter woman and finally marries Khodabanoo. Darab is successful in making peace with his father and reaches final blessing (barakat). Despite his refusal at first, finally he returns to his homeland and triumphs over the guards of ‘the return gate’, and after overcoming the difficulties, he becomes the master of two worlds. Even though some of the patterns presented by Campbell are not present in the story, but the results show that the journey of Darab corresponds with his overall pattern. Manuscript profile -
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98 - Rebirth of Pir-e Changi: An Analysis Based on Jungian Psychoanalysis Theory
Farhād DoroudgariānIn the present article the story of pir-e changi (the old Harper) in Masnavi Manavi of Jalāl al-Din Rūmi is to be studied in the light of Jungian psychoanalysis theory. First the archetypes of ego, self, dream, shadow, persona, collective unconscious and personal uncons MoreIn the present article the story of pir-e changi (the old Harper) in Masnavi Manavi of Jalāl al-Din Rūmi is to be studied in the light of Jungian psychoanalysis theory. First the archetypes of ego, self, dream, shadow, persona, collective unconscious and personal unconscious are presented, then it will be shown that the old Harper (pir-e changi), with the help of the wise old man (pir-e dānā), can gain consciousness, be reborn and his individuality be achieved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - The Analysis of the Story of Sheikh Sanān Based on Campbell's Theory of Monomyth
Mohammad Reihāni raheleh abdolahzadeh borzooAccording to Joseph Campbell's theory of monomyth, after a ritual invitation, the hero gets separated from his society, begins his journey, learns through ritual forces in an unknown land, is taught the ritual of initiation and returns for reforming his society. The jou MoreAccording to Joseph Campbell's theory of monomyth, after a ritual invitation, the hero gets separated from his society, begins his journey, learns through ritual forces in an unknown land, is taught the ritual of initiation and returns for reforming his society. The journey appears with some symbols and symptom in the form of archetypes. According to the theory of Jung, it is an instance of facing conscious and unconscious. By using descriptive method the present article tries to analyze the story of Sheikh Sanān regarding to Joseph Campbell's theory of monomyth and Jungian symbols. Sheikh Sanān, the symbol of unconscious, is separated from his people and motherland the call of the unconscious at night; then is taught by anima of existence in West, the symbol of unknown land of unconscious, and finally he is worthy of reconciliation to unconscious of soul. The daughter is symbol of anima of Sheikh Sanān; she teaches love and its finer points to him; in return Sheikh Sanān hands over knowledge and faith, as symbols of conscious, to her. In this journey, 400 devotees, as the elements of conscious, surrender to will of unconscious. The return of Sheikh Sanān from Rome to Mecca is a symbol of individuality and perfection and corresponds to Campbell's theory of hero's return to home. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - An Analytic Mythological study of The Archetype of the First Human and Its Samples in the Pishdādis Section of Shāhnāmeh
Farzad GhaemiCreation of the first human- the primary ideal human- is one of the most important steps in the creation of archetype in various cultures. The fundamental example of the first human is based on an old pattern, which emerges as a giant or godlike human, or as the first c MoreCreation of the first human- the primary ideal human- is one of the most important steps in the creation of archetype in various cultures. The fundamental example of the first human is based on an old pattern, which emerges as a giant or godlike human, or as the first couple. The goal of this paper is describing examples and mythological qualities of the first human archetype in mythic cultures, and in the myths of ancient Iran, especially in the Pishdādis section of Ferdowsi’s Shāhnāmeh. The research method of this paper is qualitative with analytic mythological approach, based on which we have considered three features as the basic characteristics of the archetype of first human: first his divine origin, then a twin couple, and finally a cultural function- symbolic hero producing civilization in the history of a nation. In Shāhnāmeh, these tree kinds of functions are distributed among some kings of Pishdādis each of them can be considered as an example of first human. In this paper, we study examples of these functions about Kayumarth, Hooshang, Tahmooreth, Jamshid, Fereydoun and Manoochehr. Manuscript profile -
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101 - Archetype of Motherland in the Poems of Hāfez
parisa habibiIn the present article, attempts are made to trace the changed manifestations of archetype of motherland in the poems of Hāfez. After disintegration of personality of this powerful female archetype, in the beginning it continues to live as goddess, then it is transferre MoreIn the present article, attempts are made to trace the changed manifestations of archetype of motherland in the poems of Hāfez. After disintegration of personality of this powerful female archetype, in the beginning it continues to live as goddess, then it is transferred to unconscious, and finally it appears in the mind and language of man through art. The present article tries to answer these questions: may it be said that Hāfez belongs to that group of genius poets the historical and geographical gaps could not prevent from appearing archetypes in his poems? Furthermore, regarding to the mythical backgrounds of matriarchy in Iran, how does the archetype of motherland has continued to live in the collective unconscious of Iranians? We believe that the poems of Hāfez are the context in which the concept of motherland manifests and finds expression. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - Persona in the Works of Jung and Jalāl al-Din Balkhi (Divan-e Shams): A Comparative Study
Ali Mohammadi Masome EsmaeelipourPersona is a psychological term but in the works of Carl Gustav Jung, it is a distinguished concept. According to Jung, Persona has two meanings: first, it is a mask man wears to present an unreal picture of himself; secondly, it refers to unreal imaginations and though MorePersona is a psychological term but in the works of Carl Gustav Jung, it is a distinguished concept. According to Jung, Persona has two meanings: first, it is a mask man wears to present an unreal picture of himself; secondly, it refers to unreal imaginations and thoughts that prevent the ego from growing. The identification with the persona leads to lack of development of personality. In Persian mystical literature, esp. Divan-e Shams, composed by Mowlana Jalāl al-Din Balkhi, there are some themes that overlap with Jungian concept of persona. In the present article, we have decided to study those symbols employed by Mowlana in his Divan that refer to the mask. Manuscript profile -
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103 - Archetypal Critique of Banu Goshasp Nama
Khadijeh Bahrāmi Rahnamā Mahmood TāvoosiOne of approaches in critique of literary texts is archetypal criticism that is rooted in depth-psychological criticism. Based on thoughts of Carl Gustav Jung, that approach studies the different kinds of archetypes that rest in unconscious. According to Jung, due to a MoreOne of approaches in critique of literary texts is archetypal criticism that is rooted in depth-psychological criticism. Based on thoughts of Carl Gustav Jung, that approach studies the different kinds of archetypes that rest in unconscious. According to Jung, due to a common and general experience, mythical themes are repeated in all generations. Banu Goshasp Nama, a Persian epic composed of 900 verses by an unknown poet from the 11th or 12th century, demonstrates different archetypes. Banu Goshasp is an ideal "mother archetype" that overcomes obstacles and realizes her individuality. By fighting with her inner shadows, hunting and battling with her Aniran suitors, she fulfills her personality and gains self-recognition. The present article is to criticize Banu Goshasp Nama from archetypal critique point of view, based on the thoughts of Jung and archetypes like shadow and mandala and process of individualizing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - Pire Moghan and Jung's Archetype of Wise Old Man: A Comparative Study
mostafa gorji zohre tamimdarPire Moghan (Magian spiritual teacher) is a central character in Divan-e Hafez. The present article, based on Jung’s psychoanalysis theory and his archetypes, tries to study the character of Pire Moghan in the poems of Hafez and show that this character is in many MorePire Moghan (Magian spiritual teacher) is a central character in Divan-e Hafez. The present article, based on Jung’s psychoanalysis theory and his archetypes, tries to study the character of Pire Moghan in the poems of Hafez and show that this character is in many ways similar to Jungian archetype, the character of the wise old man, and can be compared with him. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - The Three Myths of Invulnerability: Achilles, Esfandiyar, and Siegfried A Comparative Study Based on Jungian Archetype Theory
Ali Sālehi Abolqāsem DādvarThe concept of invulnerability has a long history; it expresses the long-term desire of mankind to achieve immortality, and has been presented in various ways among the myths of various nations. The three myths of invulnerability, namely, Achilles, Esfandiyar, and Siegf MoreThe concept of invulnerability has a long history; it expresses the long-term desire of mankind to achieve immortality, and has been presented in various ways among the myths of various nations. The three myths of invulnerability, namely, Achilles, Esfandiyar, and Siegfried, have a widespread frequency comparing other myths, and the concept of invulnerability as an archetype can be studied in all three myths. Since many scholars have considered the similarities between these three myths as a result of Jungian archetype theory, the present article attempts to check the issue. The method used is descriptive and library research. With the aim of identifying the roots of these myths and based on the theory of archetype, the research reviews the common and uncommon points of the three myths; it studies three myths, Achilles, Esfandiyar, and Siegfried with comparative method and answers these questions: what common and distinctive roots can be found in the study of these three myths, and to what extent the similarities between these three myths can be justified by the theory of archetype. One of the most important results of the research is reinforce of the theory of influence of Ferdosi from Homer in the creation of Esfandiar's mythology. Manuscript profile -
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106 - The Archetype of Hero in the Epic Poem of Ārash-e Kamāngīr
fateme kopa narges mohammadi badr mostafa gorji khiroalnesa mohamadpor Archetype, as the most important term of Jungian psychoanalysis, refers to old images and instincts that rooted in collective unconscious. The contents of unconscious are revealed in myths, religions, dreams, imagination and literary works. The importance of epi More Archetype, as the most important term of Jungian psychoanalysis, refers to old images and instincts that rooted in collective unconscious. The contents of unconscious are revealed in myths, religions, dreams, imagination and literary works. The importance of epic works, as the place of manifestation of myths and archetypes, is undeniable. The present article tries to analyze the archetype of hero in the epic poem of Ārash-e Kamāngīr (Ārash the Archer) of Siyāvash Kasrāei. Every man has a hero in his heart and begins his own journey which becomes a way for self-knowledge and individual growth. The present research shows that the archetype of hero is represented in personality of Ārash, and he receives self knowledge and knows his real “self” by trekking the ups and downs of the archetype. From social point of view, the epic is also a symbol of Iranians’ collective and national identity Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - Akhavan Sāles’ Ghesseh-ye Shahr-e Sangestan: An Archetypal Critical Approach
hamidreza farziArchetypal literary criticism is a type of critical theory that interprets a literary text by focusing on myths and archetypes. In this paper, based on archetypal literary criticism, the poem of Ghesseh-ye shahr-e sangestan (the tale of the petrified city), composed by MoreArchetypal literary criticism is a type of critical theory that interprets a literary text by focusing on myths and archetypes. In this paper, based on archetypal literary criticism, the poem of Ghesseh-ye shahr-e sangestan (the tale of the petrified city), composed by Mahdi Akhavan Sāles (1928-1990), is interpreted and analyzed. For this purpose, the archetypes of hero, death and birth, Pire Dana (wise old man), shadow, self, and archetypal symbols such as tree, cave, mountain, valley, spring, well, and the number seven are considered as main concepts. In this poem, the central archetype is “the hero-savior”, and the other archetypes are explained with respect to the main one. Also, other subjects were entertained at two phases; first, the behavior, departure, and salavation of the hero and second, the movement, separation and return in the poem. Manuscript profile -
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108 - The Analysis of the Story of the Castle of Fortress of Forms Based on Theories of Jung
Soheilā Namāz Alizādeh The story of the castle of Fortress of Forms (Qaleh Zat o-Suvar or Hooshroba) is the unfinished and the last long tale in Masnavi Manavi. The topic of the tale is struggle of three princes to succeed in obtaining a Chinese princess. Using descriptive-analyt More The story of the castle of Fortress of Forms (Qaleh Zat o-Suvar or Hooshroba) is the unfinished and the last long tale in Masnavi Manavi. The topic of the tale is struggle of three princes to succeed in obtaining a Chinese princess. Using descriptive-analytical and library methods, the present article attempts to analyze some archetypes of the story in the light of Carl Gustav Jung's views. The findings indicate that the holy union is a mystical interpretation of self-knowledge and the mean that helps reaching station of the Perfect Man. Beloved or the woman in the story is an image of archetype of anima that in difficult stages of the journey appears dream like figure to the hero and helps him to know the dark aspects of himself and purify his soul and body from worldly attachments. In other word, the Chinese princess is the unconscious character of the poet and three young princes, she appears in the form of a gentle and solemn woman and guide them to unite with the eternal truth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - The Heroes Who Disappeared; Decoding the Myth of "the Disappearance of the Heroes" in Some Stories
Leilā Valizādeh Pāshā Mahdi NikmaneshThe disappearance of the heroes and protagonists is one of the noteworthy points in Iranian fiction. At first, the current study analyzes some literary works of various nations and then, concludes that similar examples of "the disappearance of the heroes" are found in t MoreThe disappearance of the heroes and protagonists is one of the noteworthy points in Iranian fiction. At first, the current study analyzes some literary works of various nations and then, concludes that similar examples of "the disappearance of the heroes" are found in the literature of other nations. Also, it concludes that the subject has been a common theme among different ethnicities from the prehistoric to the current era. The next step is to explain the reason for this similarity, supporting the hypothesis of commonality in the literature of various nations. The authors consider the subject of "the disappearance of the heroes" from six different aspects and tries to answer these questions: What are the characters of heroes who disappear? Why do they disappear? What is the connection between the heroes and the place of disappearing (cave, mountain and etc.)? Since the subject of the present study fits well with archetypes of hero, time, journey, immortality, death and reborn, return and etc., the subject of the disappearance of the heroes and protagonists are studied by using the archetypal criticism following the theories of Jung, Eliade and Campbell. Manuscript profile -
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110 - COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CHARACTERS OF PARDE-KHANEH BASED ON ARCHETYPES OF CHRISTOPHER VOGLER
Latifeh Salamat BavilRealization of the meaning of archetype is necessary for character recognition function. Christopher Vogler in his book named “The Writer’s Journey” has enumerated seven fundamental character archetype that is applicable to many stories. These archetyp MoreRealization of the meaning of archetype is necessary for character recognition function. Christopher Vogler in his book named “The Writer’s Journey” has enumerated seven fundamental character archetype that is applicable to many stories. These archetypes are not all kinds of character stability but as character flexible function face mask and advance the story with energy absorption and personality characteristics. Vogler in The Writer’s Journey follows the pattern of Joseph Campbell as the hero’s journey. This article examines the seven common archetypes of characters and tries to present clear analysis of the structure and characters of “Parde-Khaneh” the drama of Bahram Beyzaii. This essay emphasizes on foundation mythical motifs ideas in dramatic manner and stress on understanding and application of character. The conclusion is that archetypes are applicable with the most of drama especially with characters of Parde-Khaneh. Manuscript profile -
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111 - The Mythology of Fertility and Mythical Allusions in The Kaleidar
Arash Moshfaghi Habib Hassan NejadAbstract The pattern of fertility is of repetitive and basic one in the world of mythology which narrates the story of godlady of mermaid 's( love and fertility )in the plantgod followed by its death and rebirth. G MoreAbstract The pattern of fertility is of repetitive and basic one in the world of mythology which narrates the story of godlady of mermaid 's( love and fertility )in the plantgod followed by its death and rebirth. George Frazer believes that this common pattern which is the incarnation of plant growth in spring and its droopiness in the drought of summer and rebirth again in different ways become brilliant in the mythological and epic texts. " The Kaleidar " , the epic and love novel of Mahmood Dowlatabadi is one of the best literary novels that talks about the fertility of myth based on four elements of rebellion , death, fertility and rebirth. The eternal characteristics of The Kaleidar like the mythical – epics heroes of Orisis, Alis, and Siawash challenge the cruel gods and knowingly encounter death and survive once more and revolutionizes the society's thoughts and provoke uprising of the people. Furthermore, the writer of this work has pointed out to the sacrifice's myth which manifests itself in the archetypal form of filicide, fratricide , and the youth killing. He's also dealt with the opposition of goodness and evil or dualism which are the most important characteristics of Persian mythology and has utilized the mythological stance of well which has an ancient precedence to suit the modern novel in the present day. Manuscript profile -
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112 - Studying the Mythological Themes of the Archetype of Shadow in 50 Folkloric Stories Based on Jung's Theory
Abbas Saeedi Esmail Azar Hassan ZolfeghariStudying the literary works from the view point of Jung archetype is one of the most important approaches of contemporary library criticism. Archetypes are the collection of experiences, intrinsic ideas and joint behavior of human race whose phenomena that can be seen i MoreStudying the literary works from the view point of Jung archetype is one of the most important approaches of contemporary library criticism. Archetypes are the collection of experiences, intrinsic ideas and joint behavior of human race whose phenomena that can be seen in the form of dancing, collective and religious ceremonies, and literary and artistic works. One of the most significant archetypes, from Jung's point of view, is the archetype of shadow. Shadow is anything which the individual doesn't want to confirm it and is always under its pressure. This archetype causes disagreeable behaviors and unaccepted social desires which in weak conditions and crisis reveals itself. Lack of its recognition sometimes leads the man to destruction. Folkloric stories, in this case, are considered as the most important sources for studying the archetypes and common beliefs which were narrated from generation to generation by which one can delve in the depths of tenets and traditions of a nation. We have selected 50 fictions from folkloric stories and analyzed them through the archetype of the shadow. All of these stories have the specifications the fictions we intend in a way that their structures and contents can be extended to other stories. By studying the rate of frequency , and the inflection of the archetype of shadow by Jung's theory, it was clear that there are two dimensions of positive and negative in 9 types with different functions. Manuscript profile -
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113 - The Analysis of the Archetype of Hero's Travel in the Story of Khosrow & Shirin from Nezami
Raheleh Abdollah Zadeh Mohammad RayhaniAbstract Campbell, the famous American mythologist, follows the internal excursion of man in a mold of mythological heroes, and by surveying those fables shows how this archetype retreats itself in a new mold to guide man to i MoreAbstract Campbell, the famous American mythologist, follows the internal excursion of man in a mold of mythological heroes, and by surveying those fables shows how this archetype retreats itself in a new mold to guide man to its internal travel and self-awareness. He considers the hero's mythical travel by a unique pattern of dispatch, arrival, and returning. We are to shoe, in this article, although Khosrow and Shirin is a historic story, has accomplished the three levels according to Campbell's ideas. Anushiravan promises the hero, in the dream, the marriage with Shirin, getting Shabdiz and the throne and Shapoor advises him to find them on the earth. By yhe encouragement of the messenger, Khosrow departs from Iran to meet Shirin who is the symbol of the anima in the heart of the hero ; and having passed through the negative trait of shade reaches his unconscious self and at the end of the story , the love affair of Shirooyeh to Shirin doesn't let him enter the human society. Finally, the hero is made to seclude in the fire-temple and his returning to the society becomes impossible. The archetype of sleep, shade, old savant, seducing woman, unseen helper, messenger, and symbols like horse, earring, sorcerer, lion, mountain, stone which have contributed the archetypal travel of the hero have all been resolved in this research. Manuscript profile -
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114 - The Anima Archetype and its Impact on Studying the Psychology of Firooz Shah and Aynol- Hayat Characters of Darab Nameh Bighami
Susan Biglari Deloee Reza Ashraf Zadeh Javad Mehreban GhezelhesarAbstract The archetypes are known as the common heritage set in common unconsciousness of human being. This subject was presented for the first time by Karl Gustav Jung–the humanistic psychologist The most important archetype explaine MoreAbstract The archetypes are known as the common heritage set in common unconsciousness of human being. This subject was presented for the first time by Karl Gustav Jung–the humanistic psychologist The most important archetype explained by Jung is the Anima ( the female soul of male ) which is both ideal and destructive in manifestations of human being's id. The Darab Nameh of Bighami is an outstanding work which deals with the love affairs and epics of Firooz Shah, Darab's son with Aynol-Hyat, the daughter of Yaman's king. The quality of Aynol-Hayat's manifestation in the narratives of Bighami is that it can be compared with Jung's Anima components and the impacts which it had on Firooz Shah. The outcome of this research which is done by analytic-comparative approach, shows that " attaining the lover to individuality" " eternity of the beloved " " manifestation of the beloved in the dream " " negative signs of the beloved " are of the most significant signs of the animatic love in the Darab Nameh.The most fundamental effect of Anima on the characters of Firooz Shah is his attainment to the ministry and kingdom which is also a symbol of individuality and perfection Manuscript profile -
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115 - Comparing the Allegorical Story of Fenced Lady in Nezami's Seven Beauties with Archetypes of Hero's Journey
Raheleh Abdollah Zadeh Borzu Mohammad ReihaniAbstract This paper is intended to compare the allegorical story of fenced lady in the Haft Peykar of Nezami with the archetypes of the hero's journey and Campbell's theory. Campbell considers the mythologica MoreAbstract This paper is intended to compare the allegorical story of fenced lady in the Haft Peykar of Nezami with the archetypes of the hero's journey and Campbell's theory. Campbell considers the mythological hero's journey based on the unit model consisting of three sections of departure, initiation, and return. In this study, having reported the key points and telling Campbell's story, we indicated that the journey of young prince who was going to pass the gate of the city for hunting also follows this pattern. With leaving the soul, he gets aware of the intricate path and its obstacles. With the help of an old wise man, he acquires the necessary knowledge to void the spell and find the hidden door of the castle. Then he runs for the fenced lady. Marrying the goddess in this story is a little different compared with hero's journey pattern; because marrying the goddess and obtaining the final blessing, the hero returns back to his people to accomplish his mission. Archetypes of wise man and helping elements, whisperer women etc. With the symbolic elements, the numbers of one, two and three, the ring, dough, milk, drum beat, mountain, earrings, cave, pearl etc. reinforce the archetype of hero. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - Stylistic analysis of the archetypal elements of Jung's individuation process in folk tales
masoomeh khalilno حمیدرضا فرضی rostam amaniOne of the communication approaches between literature and psychology is the archetypal criticism of literary works, which can be used to explore the layers of meaning hidden in the content of the works. From the literary works, folk tales, due to having mythological el MoreOne of the communication approaches between literature and psychology is the archetypal criticism of literary works, which can be used to explore the layers of meaning hidden in the content of the works. From the literary works, folk tales, due to having mythological elements and educational moral content, are very important in revealing unconscious contents in this article, with the aim of examining the stylistics of archetypal elements and its influence in the process. Individuality, twenty folk tales from the collection "Culture of Legends of Iranian People" by Darvishian and Khandan Mehabadi in stylistic repetitions of various elements of archetypes, types of archetypes and how the process of individuality is analyzed descriptively and analytically. The basic archetype of stories is the archetype of shadow. In the process of individuation, the characters reach full individuality in confronting the shadow with the help of other archetypes, the most important of which is the old man, and in cases where they do not have a helpful archetype and the compatibility of the archetypes is not balanced, the hero fails. has eaten. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - Archetypal analysis of the character of Kush, the tusked from the perspective of “wise mentor” and “rebirth” archetypes
mahdokht shahbadizadeh rezaa ashrafzadehArchetypes have roots in the first experiences of man and for this reason are placed in man’s individual and collected unconscious. Whether overtly or covertly in all aspects of man’s life especially in epic literature where it reflects the unconscious MoreArchetypes have roots in the first experiences of man and for this reason are placed in man’s individual and collected unconscious. Whether overtly or covertly in all aspects of man’s life especially in epic literature where it reflects the unconscious, archetypes manifest themselves. Based on this fact, the subject of this research is to cast a glance at the character of Kush, the tusked emphasizing the Jungian archetypes of wise old man and rebirth. Jung had regarded certain features for these two archetypes which one finds their reflection in Kush’s life. The most important outcomes of this present research made by descriptive analytic method, show that in accordance with Jung’s ideas with the appearance of wise old man, the main character of the story that is Kush, the tusked undergoes wide spiritual transformation and under the influence of his guidelines and his illuminations Kush turns into an ethical person devoted to spiritual affairs as if reborn to experience a totally new life. Although he had an anti- hero character at first, however under the influence of a wise mentor’s guidance he had overcome his internal darkness and had turned into a king and a popular hero. According to the features mentioned for the two archetypes in the story, the stages of Kush’s life falls into three parts: before transformation, in preparation for the transformation, and rebirth of a new character. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - The archetypal criticism of the hero’s journey in the story of "the seven trials of Esfandyar” based on Joseph Campbell’s theory
raheleh abdolahzade borzu Mohammad ReihaniThe subject matter of this research is the analysis of the symbols used in the story of the seven trials of Esfandyar based on the theory of individuation process by Jung which finds expression in Joseph campbell’s theory of monomyth. In order to attain indi MoreThe subject matter of this research is the analysis of the symbols used in the story of the seven trials of Esfandyar based on the theory of individuation process by Jung which finds expression in Joseph campbell’s theory of monomyth. In order to attain individuation, Campbell has considered a pattern for mythic heroes’ journey consisting of three main stages of departure, initiation, and return. The journey of Esfandyar in seven trials is examined according to this pattern and its minor stages. The Persian consciousness portrayed in Esfandyar’s profile is after Touran which is his unconscious. He journeys to this land. He who is a symbol of archetypal hero, attempts to unite with his unconscious within. With the aid of a wise mentor and occult forces, first in the seven trials Esfandyar accompanies the shadow, and then upon initiation and overcoming the carnal soul with three animas within attains unity. With a blessing acquired from this journey he returns to his society to gain power promised from the consciousness to reform and improve the society. The fact that Esfandyar later confronts Rostam and steps on a way with no return states the fact that in his exemplified journey he could not have united with his unconscious. Denied of the individuation process, together with his incomplete quest to reach wholeness, is the reason why he could not ascend the throne and unfortunately perishes half way through life. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - Characterization in the story of Forud, role of archetypal characters in screenwriting
Nosratollah Haddadi Mahmoud Tavoosi shahin ojaghalizadehChristopher Vogler is a master of writing screenplays and a representative of structural pattern of character or the hero’s journey in the world. Following Joseph Campbell’s example regarding the fundamental role of mythological motifs and psychologica MoreChristopher Vogler is a master of writing screenplays and a representative of structural pattern of character or the hero’s journey in the world. Following Joseph Campbell’s example regarding the fundamental role of mythological motifs and psychological ideas of Carl Gustave Jung Vogler deals in a dramatic manner with the recognition and function of characters in the story. This research is concerned primarily with studying character of Forud which according to Voglers’s viewpoint is a manifestation of a tragic hero archetype. Moreover it seeks other similarities between other characters in the story with seven archetypal character model devised by Vogler. Characterization in connection with the structure of the story from Vogler’s perspective is so versatile and all pervading that almost embraces viewpoints of the most prominent researchers of story genres. Upon analysis of the structure and characters of the Forud’s story in Shahnameh one gets to the conclusion that not only Shahnameh is one of the best sources for this kind of research but also Vogler’s “the writer’s journey” is one of the best references for cinematic recreation of Shahnameh. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - Similarity of Gnostics and Manichaean mythology with Najmoddin Razi’s Mirsad al-Ibad
Siamak NaderiMirsa al-Ibad is a mystical work and is regarded as one of the major prose works in the Persian Literature and its like is almost rare among Sufi works. According to Razi during the first and second writing of this work he has been wondering for thirty years in As MoreMirsa al-Ibad is a mystical work and is regarded as one of the major prose works in the Persian Literature and its like is almost rare among Sufi works. According to Razi during the first and second writing of this work he has been wondering for thirty years in Asia Minor, Egypt, and Rome where according to historians and scholars were the cradle of Gnostic and Manichaean thoughts and mythology therefore it is not surprising that Razi was acquainted with their mythology in this environment as he repeatedly refers to his acquaintance with the following sects such as Isma’ilis, Ebahieh, Molahedeh, and Tanasokhieh. Therefore, according to the evidence found in Mirsa al-Ibad this article is concerned with pointing out similarity in frameworks of some stories of Mirsad al-Ibad with Gnostic and Manichaean mythology. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - The criticism and study of the two archetypes of the anima and the animus in Banu Goshasp Nameh
Khadijeh Bahrami Rahnama Mahmud Tavousi Mehdi MahooziThe versified Banu Goshasp Nameh has its root in the collective unconsciousness of the Iranian nation. This work lends itself to the Jungian analytic psychological approach which is highly regarded in the literary criticism. The purpose of this research is to analyze an MoreThe versified Banu Goshasp Nameh has its root in the collective unconsciousness of the Iranian nation. This work lends itself to the Jungian analytic psychological approach which is highly regarded in the literary criticism. The purpose of this research is to analyze anima and animus in the psyche of the characters of the verse. These two factors have great impact upon the creation of events and happenings in the story and provide ample grounds for conflicts among the story characters. One comes across the anima in Faramarz, Shideh, Tamartash, Banu Goshasp’s Indian suitors and Iranian heroes. Animus archetype is found in Banu Goshasp. These two archetypes have motivated the story characters to do different actions. This article aims to study the factors in creating the anima and animus based on the Jung theories. Manuscript profile
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