"Hawk" Symbolism as an Archetype in Mystical Literature (Case Of study: Attar’s Mantegh Al-Tair and Rumi’s Masnavi)

Subject Areas : Islamic Mysticism

Nasrin Ghadamgahi Sani ¹ ( دانشجوی دکتری گروه زبان وادبیّات فارسی، واحد تربت حیدریه، دانشگاه آزاداسلامی، تربت حیدریه، ایران )
Reza Ashrafzadeh ² ( استاد مدعو گروه زبان وادبیّات فارسی، واحد تربت حیدریه، دانشگاه آزاداسلامی،تربت حیدریه ، ایران. نویسندة مسئول: [e-mail] )
Mahyar Alavi Moghadam ³ ( دانشیارگروه زبان وادبیّات فارسی، دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری، سبزوار، ایران. )

Received: 2022-04-19 Accepted : 2022-06-12 Published : 2023-09-23

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Abstract :

In creation myths narrated by many human races, creation itself begins with "word" and "speech". Myth and archetypes accompany the human viewpoint from the beginning to infinity and beyond. Among them, birds have a place in the symbolism of the archetypes e.g. the hawk archetype is related to the sun. In Attar’s and Rumi’s point of view it is a symbol of human movement in herbal and animal entities, an index to fly to the sanctum, and a journey into the unknown. In the following study Attar by using the symbol of hawk, pays attention to the two dimensions of good and evil and deals with man in an instructive way and wants men to leave his attachment to the world and then go into a higher stage than accompaniment with kings and their position, even the position of their heart until he reaches Simorgh. Rumi completes the human dimension in his mystical- Didactic view by looking at the myth-archetype and the way Attar's stories are processed. In completing the journey, the birds are given as examples and the hawk provides the example of a perfect human. According to Rumi’s works the perfect human being including the people of his time such as Shams Tabrizi, Hosam Al-Din Chalabi and religious myths that originate from the Mohammadiah Truth, such as Ali (AS). In this paper, by mentioning the evidence, we have done the library method inductively.