The Study of Common Themes in the Myths of Fratricide

Subject Areas : Mytho

Seidamir Jahādji Hosseini ¹

1 - The Assistant Professor of Persian Language and Literature, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman

Received: 2016-05-23 Accepted : 2016-05-23 Published : 2016-05-21

Keywords: Myth, Archetype, Fratricide, Comparing the Myths, The Common Themes,

Abstract :

Fratricide, as an archetype, has a precedent as old as human life and its origin goes back to religions and the myths of Creation. According to the myth of fratricide, sense of competition and jealousy among brothers are instigated by their father paying too much attention to one of brothers or one of the brothers somehow gains a better position than the other. We can read the stories of fratricide in the texts of nations and compare their differences and similarities. The present article attempts to answer this question: How has the theme of fratricide appeared in the myths of various nations? To answer this question, at first, we consider the samples of the myth of fratricide among various nations by using descriptive-analytical method. Then the common themes of the myths and their structures are analyzed.   Fratricide, as an archetype, has a precedent as old as human life and its origin goes back to religions and the myths of Creation. According to the myth of fratricide, sense of competition and jealousy among brothers are instigated by their father paying too much attention to one of brothers or one of the brothers somehow gains a better position than the other. We can read the stories of fratricide in the texts of nations and compare their differences and similarities. The present article attempts to answer this question: How has the theme of fratricide appeared in the myths of various nations? To answer this question, at first, we consider the samples of the myth of fratricide among various nations by using descriptive-analytical method. Then the common themes of the myths and their structures are analyzed.   Fratricide, as an archetype, has a precedent as old as human life and its origin goes back to religions and the myths of Creation. According to the myth of fratricide, sense of competition and jealousy among brothers are instigated by their father paying too much attention to one of brothers or one of the brothers somehow gains a better position than the other. We can read the stories of fratricide in the texts of nations and compare their differences and similarities. The present article attempts to answer this question: How has the theme of fratricide appeared in the myths of various nations? To answer this question, at first, we consider the samples of the myth of fratricide among various nations by using descriptive-analytical method. Then the common themes of the myths and their structures are analyzed.   Fratricide, as an archetype, has a precedent as old as human life and its origin goes back to religions and the myths of Creation. According to the myth of fratricide, sense of competition and jealousy among brothers are instigated by their father paying too much attention to one of brothers or one of the brothers somehow gains a better position than the other. We can read the stories of fratricide in the texts of nations and compare their differences and similarities. The present article attempts to answer this question: How has the theme of fratricide appeared in the myths of various nations? To answer this question, at first, we consider the samples of the myth of fratricide among various nations by using descriptive-analytical method. Then the common themes of the myths and their structures are analyzed.   Fratricide, as an archetype, has a precedent as old as human life and its origin goes back to religions and the myths of Creation. According to the myth of fratricide, sense of competition and jealousy among brothers are instigated by their father paying too much attention to one of brothers or one of the brothers somehow gains a better position than the other. We can read the stories of fratricide in the texts of nations and compare their differences and similarities. The present article attempts to answer this question: How has the theme of fratricide appeared in the myths of various nations? To answer this question, at first, we consider the samples of the myth of fratricide among various nations by using descriptive-analytical method. Then the common themes of the myths and their structures are analyzed.   Fratricide, as an archetype, has a precedent as old as human life and its origin goes back to religions and the myths of Creation. According to the myth of fratricide, sense of competition and jealousy among brothers are instigated by their father paying too much attention to one of brothers or one of the brothers somehow gains a better position than the other. We can read the stories of fratricide in the texts of nations and compare their differences and similarities. The present article attempts to answer this question: How has the theme of fratricide appeared in the myths of various nations? To answer this question, at first, we consider the samples of the myth of fratricide among various nations by using descriptive-analytical method. Then the common themes of the myths and their structures are analyzed.   Fratricide, as an archetype, has a precedent as old as human life and its origin goes back to religions and the myths of Creation. According to the myth of fratricide, sense of competition and jealousy among brothers are instigated by their father paying too much attention to one of brothers or one of the brothers somehow gains a better position than the other. We can read the stories of fratricide in the texts of nations and compare their differences and similarities. The present article attempts to answer this question: How has the theme of fratricide appeared in the myths of various nations? To answer this question, at first, we consider the samples of the myth of fratricide among various nations by using descriptive-analytical method. Then the common themes of the myths and their structures are analyzed.   Fratricide, as an archetype, has a precedent as old as human life and its origin goes back to religions and the myths of Creation. According to the myth of fratricide, sense of competition and jealousy among brothers are instigated by their father paying too much attention to one of brothers or one of the brothers somehow gains a better position than the other. We can read the stories of fratricide in the texts of nations and compare their differences and similarities. The present article attempts to answer this question: How has the theme of fratricide appeared in the myths of various nations? To answer this question, at first, we consider the samples of the myth of fratricide among various nations by using descriptive-analytical method. Then the common themes of the myths and their structures are analyzed.   Fratricide, as an archetype, has a precedent as old as human life and its origin goes back to religions and the myths of Creation. According to the myth of fratricide, sense of competition and jealousy among brothers are instigated by their father paying too much attention to one of brothers or one of the brothers somehow gains a better position than the other. We can read the stories of fratricide in the texts of nations and compare their differences and similarities. The present article attempts to answer this question: How has the theme of fratricide appeared in the myths of various nations? To answer this question, at first, we consider the samples of the myth of fratricide among various nations by using descriptive-analytical method. Then the common themes of the myths and their structures are analyzed.   Fratricide, as an archetype, has a precedent as old as human life and its origin goes back to religions and the myths of Creation. According to the myth of fratricide, sense of competition and jealousy among brothers are instigated by their father paying too much attention to one of brothers or one of the brothers somehow gains a better position than the other. We can read the stories of fratricide in the texts of nations and compare their differences and similarities. The present article attempts to answer this question: How has the theme of fratricide appeared in the myths of various nations? To answer this question, at first, we consider the samples of the myth of fratricide among various nations by using descriptive-analytical method. Then the common themes of the myths and their structures are analyzed.   Fratricide, as an archetype, has a precedent as old as human life and its origin goes back to religions and the myths of Creation. According to the myth of fratricide, sense of competition and jealousy among brothers are instigated by their father paying too much attention to one of brothers or one of the brothers somehow gains a better position than the other. We can read the stories of fratricide in the texts of nations and compare their differences and similarities. The present article attempts to answer this question: How has the theme of fratricide appeared in the myths of various nations? To answer this question, at first, we consider the samples of the myth of fratricide among various nations by using descriptive-analytical method. Then the common themes of the myths and their structures are analyzed.   Fratricide, as an archetype, has a precedent as old as human life and its origin goes back to religions and the myths of Creation. According to the myth of fratricide, sense of competition and jealousy among brothers are instigated by their father paying too much attention to one of brothers or one of the brothers somehow gains a better position than the other. We can read the stories of fratricide in the texts of nations and compare their differences and similarities. The present article attempts to answer this question: How has the theme of fratricide appeared in the myths of various nations? To answer this question, at first, we consider the samples of the myth of fratricide among various nations by using descriptive-analytical method. Then the common themes of the myths and their structures are analyzed.  

References:

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References

Ketāb-e moghaddas.

’Afifi, Rahim. (2004/1383SH). Asātir o Farhang-e Irani dar Neveshte-hā-ye Pahlavi. 2^nd ed. Tehran: Tous.

Ahmadi, Bābak. (2006/1385SH). Sākhtār-e ta’vil-e matn. 2^nd ed. Tehran: Nashr-e Markaz.

Bahār, Mehrdād. (1996/1375SH). Pazhouheshi dar asātir-e Iran. 1^st ed. Tehran: Āgāh.

Christensen, Emanuel Arthur. (1989/1368SH). Iran dar zamān-e Sāsāniyān (L'Iran sous les Sassanides). Tr. by Rashid Yāsemi. 6^th ed. Tehrān: Donyā-ye Ketāb.

Emāmi Khoei. (2008/1387SH). “Ghānoun-nāmeh barādar-koshi-ye Soltān Mohammad Fāteh va nahveh ejrā-ye e’dām-e a’zā-ye khāndān”. The Journal of Faculty of Literature & Humanities of Tehran University. Period 59. No. 1.

Esmāeil-pour, Abolghāsem. (1998/1377SH). Ostoureh bayān-e nemādin. 2^nd ed. Tehran: Soroush.

Ferdowsi, Abolghāsem. (2010/1389SH). Shāhnāmeh. With the effort of Jalāl Khāleghi Motlagh. 3^rd ed. Tehran: The Great Islamic Encyclopedia Center.

Ghrishman, Roman. (2003/1382SH). Iran az āghāz tā Islam (Iran Des Origines Al Islam). Tr. by Mahmoud Behforouzi. 2^nd ed. Tehran: Jāmi.

Guerin, Wilfred L. and et. al. (1998/1377SH). Rāhnamā-ye rouykard-hā-ye naghd-e adabi (A Handbook of critical Approaches to literature). Tr. by Zahrā Mihankhāh. 3^rd ed. Tehran: Enteshārāt-e Etelā’āt.

Hamilton, Edit. (1997/1376SH). Seyri dar Asātir-e Younān o Roum (Mythology: Timeless tales of Gods and Heroes). Tr. by ’Abdolhossein Sharifiyān. 2^nd ed. Tehran: Asātir.

Hāshemiyān, Leilā va Peimān Dehghān-pour. (2010/1389SH). “Bāztāb-e ostoureh Hābil o Ghābil dar barkhi az roman-hā-ye adabiyāt-e Irān o jahān”. Azād University Quarterly Journal of Mytho-mystic Literature. Year 6. No. 21.

Hinnells, John Russell. (2006/1385SH). Shenākht-e asātir-e Iran (Persian mythology). Tr. by Bājelān Farrokhi. 1^st ed. Tehran: Asātir.

Ions, Veronica. (1994/1373SH). Shenākht-e asātir-e Mesr (Egyptian Mythology). Tr. by Bajelān Farrokhi. 1^sted. Tehrān: Asātir.

Minou-ye Kherad. (1985/1364SH). Tr. by Ahmad Tafazzoli. 2^nd ed. Tehran: Tous.

Piaget, Jean. (2006/1385SH). Sākhtār-gerāei (Le structuralisme). Tr. by Rezā ’Ali Akbar-pour. 1^st ed. Tehrān: Mejles.

Piggott, Juliet. (1994/1373SH). Shenākht-e asātir-e Zhāpon (Japanese mythology). Tr. by Bājelān Farrokhi. 1^st ed. Tehrān: Asātir.

Pirniyā, Hasan. (1991/1370SH). Tārikh-e Irān-e bāstān. Introduction and explanation by Bāstāni Pārizi. Vol. 2. Tehrān: Donyā-ye Ketāb.

Propp, Vladimir Iakovlevich. (1989/1368SH). Rikht-shenāsi-ye ghesseh-hā-ye paryān (Morphology of the folktale). Tr. by Fereydoun Badrehei. 1^st ed. Tehran: Tous.

Rigvedā. (1993/1372SH). Tr. by Seyyed Mohammad Reza Jalāli Nā’ini. 3^rd ed. Tehran: Noghreh.

Rosenberg, Donna. (1998/1379SH). Asātir-e jahan: dāstān-hā o hamāseh-ha (World mythology: an anthology of the great myths and epics). Tr. by ’Abdolhossein Sharifiyān.1^st ed. Vol. 1. Tehran: Asātir.

Scholes, Robert E. (2000/1379SH). Darāmadi bar sākhtār-gerāei dar adabiyāt (Structuralism in literature: an introduction). Tr. by Farzāneh Tāheri. 1^st ed. Tehrān: Āgah.

Shamisā, Sirous. (2001/1380SH). Naghd-e adabi. 2^nd ed. Tehran: Ferdows.

TheCambridge HistoryofIran: Achaemenian Period. (2008/1387SH). Under supervision of Gershevitch, Ilya. Tr. by Mortezā Rāgheb-far. Vol. 2. Daftar-e dovvom. 2^nd ed. Tehrān: Jāmi.

Vāheddoust, Mahvash. (2009/1379SH). Nahādine-hā-ye asātiri dar Shahnāmeh-ye Ferdowsi. 1st ed. Tehran: Soroush.

Vieu, J .(2008/1387SH). Asātir-e Mesr (The Myths of Egypt).4^th ed. Tr. by Abolghasem Esmā'eilpour.1^st ed. Tehran: Kārvān.

Yasht- hā. (1998/1377SH). Translated and explained by Ebrāhim Pourdāvoud. 1^st ed. Tehran: Asātir.

Zaehner, R. C. (2008/1387SH). Zurwān yā mo’ammā-ye zartoshtigari (zurvan: a zoroastrian dilemma). Tr. by Teimour Ghāderi. 2^nd ed. Tehran: Amirkabir.

Zomorrodi, Homeirā. (2003/1382SH). Naghd-e tatbighi-ye adyān o asātir dar Shāhnāmeh Ferdowsi, khamseh-ye Nezāmi, mantegh-otteyr. 1^st ed. Tehran: Zavvār.

 

EnglishSource

Collins. 1995. Collins Cobuild English Dictionary. London. Harper Collins Publishers.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

References

Ketāb-e moghaddas.

’Afifi, Rahim. (2004/1383SH). Asātir o Farhang-e Irani dar Neveshte-hā-ye Pahlavi. 2^nd ed. Tehran: Tous.

Ahmadi, Bābak. (2006/1385SH). Sākhtār-e ta’vil-e matn. 2^nd ed. Tehran: Nashr-e Markaz.

Bahār, Mehrdād. (1996/1375SH). Pazhouheshi dar asātir-e Iran. 1^st ed. Tehran: Āgāh.

Christensen, Emanuel Arthur. (1989/1368SH). Iran dar zamān-e Sāsāniyān (L'Iran sous les Sassanides). Tr. by Rashid Yāsemi. 6^th ed. Tehrān: Donyā-ye Ketāb.

Emāmi Khoei. (2008/1387SH). “Ghānoun-nāmeh barādar-koshi-ye Soltān Mohammad Fāteh va nahveh ejrā-ye e’dām-e a’zā-ye khāndān”. The Journal of Faculty of Literature & Humanities of Tehran University. Period 59. No. 1.

Esmāeil-pour, Abolghāsem. (1998/1377SH). Ostoureh bayān-e nemādin. 2^nd ed. Tehran: Soroush.

Ferdowsi, Abolghāsem. (2010/1389SH). Shāhnāmeh. With the effort of Jalāl Khāleghi Motlagh. 3^rd ed. Tehran: The Great Islamic Encyclopedia Center.

Ghrishman, Roman. (2003/1382SH). Iran az āghāz tā Islam (Iran Des Origines Al Islam). Tr. by Mahmoud Behforouzi. 2^nd ed. Tehran: Jāmi.

Guerin, Wilfred L. and et. al. (1998/1377SH). Rāhnamā-ye rouykard-hā-ye naghd-e adabi (A Handbook of critical Approaches to literature). Tr. by Zahrā Mihankhāh. 3^rd ed. Tehran: Enteshārāt-e Etelā’āt.

Hamilton, Edit. (1997/1376SH). Seyri dar Asātir-e Younān o Roum (Mythology: Timeless tales of Gods and Heroes). Tr. by ’Abdolhossein Sharifiyān. 2^nd ed. Tehran: Asātir.

Hāshemiyān, Leilā va Peimān Dehghān-pour. (2010/1389SH). “Bāztāb-e ostoureh Hābil o Ghābil dar barkhi az roman-hā-ye adabiyāt-e Irān o jahān”. Azād University Quarterly Journal of Mytho-mystic Literature. Year 6. No. 21.

Hinnells, John Russell. (2006/1385SH). Shenākht-e asātir-e Iran (Persian mythology). Tr. by Bājelān Farrokhi. 1^st ed. Tehran: Asātir.

Ions, Veronica. (1994/1373SH). Shenākht-e asātir-e Mesr (Egyptian Mythology). Tr. by Bajelān Farrokhi. 1^sted. Tehrān: Asātir.

Minou-ye Kherad. (1985/1364SH). Tr. by Ahmad Tafazzoli. 2^nd ed. Tehran: Tous.

Piaget, Jean. (2006/1385SH). Sākhtār-gerāei (Le structuralisme). Tr. by Rezā ’Ali Akbar-pour. 1^st ed. Tehrān: Mejles.

Piggott, Juliet. (1994/1373SH). Shenākht-e asātir-e Zhāpon (Japanese mythology). Tr. by Bājelān Farrokhi. 1^st ed. Tehrān: Asātir.

Pirniyā, Hasan. (1991/1370SH). Tārikh-e Irān-e bāstān. Introduction and explanation by Bāstāni Pārizi. Vol. 2. Tehrān: Donyā-ye Ketāb.

Propp, Vladimir Iakovlevich. (1989/1368SH). Rikht-shenāsi-ye ghesseh-hā-ye paryān (Morphology of the folktale). Tr. by Fereydoun Badrehei. 1^st ed. Tehran: Tous.

Rigvedā. (1993/1372SH). Tr. by Seyyed Mohammad Reza Jalāli Nā’ini. 3^rd ed. Tehran: Noghreh.

Rosenberg, Donna. (1998/1379SH). Asātir-e jahan: dāstān-hā o hamāseh-ha (World mythology: an anthology of the great myths and epics). Tr. by ’Abdolhossein Sharifiyān.1^st ed. Vol. 1. Tehran: Asātir.

Scholes, Robert E. (2000/1379SH). Darāmadi bar sākhtār-gerāei dar adabiyāt (Structuralism in literature: an introduction). Tr. by Farzāneh Tāheri. 1^st ed. Tehrān: Āgah.

Shamisā, Sirous. (2001/1380SH). Naghd-e adabi. 2^nd ed. Tehran: Ferdows.

TheCambridge HistoryofIran: Achaemenian Period. (2008/1387SH). Under supervision of Gershevitch, Ilya. Tr. by Mortezā Rāgheb-far. Vol. 2. Daftar-e dovvom. 2^nd ed. Tehrān: Jāmi.

Vāheddoust, Mahvash. (2009/1379SH). Nahādine-hā-ye asātiri dar Shahnāmeh-ye Ferdowsi. 1st ed. Tehran: Soroush.

Vieu, J .(2008/1387SH). Asātir-e Mesr (The Myths of Egypt).4^th ed. Tr. by Abolghasem Esmā'eilpour.1^st ed. Tehran: Kārvān.

Yasht- hā. (1998/1377SH). Translated and explained by Ebrāhim Pourdāvoud. 1^st ed. Tehran: Asātir.

Zaehner, R. C. (2008/1387SH). Zurwān yā mo’ammā-ye zartoshtigari (zurvan: a zoroastrian dilemma). Tr. by Teimour Ghāderi. 2^nd ed. Tehran: Amirkabir.

Zomorrodi, Homeirā. (2003/1382SH). Naghd-e tatbighi-ye adyān o asātir dar Shāhnāmeh Ferdowsi, khamseh-ye Nezāmi, mantegh-otteyr. 1^st