بررسی نقش‌مایه‌های مشترک در اسطوره‌های برادرکشی

محورهای موضوعی : اسطوره

سید‌امیر جهادی حسینی ¹

1 - استادیار زبان و ادبیات فارسی دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان

تاریخ دریافت : 1395/03/03 تاریخ پذیرش : 1395/03/03 تاریخ انتشار : 1395/03/01

کلید واژه: اسطوره, برادرکشی, کهن‏ الگو, مقایسه اسطوره ‏ها, نقش ‏مایه‏ های مشترک,

چکیده مقاله :

برادرآزاری و برادرکشی در شمار کهن الگوهایی است که سابقه ای به درازای عمر بشر دارد و پیشینه آن به ادیان و اسطوره های مربوط به آغاز آفرینش بازمی گردد. در این کهن الگو، حس رقابت و حسادت میان برادران به علل گوناگونی ازجمله توجه بیش از حدّ پدر به یک برادر، یا دستیابی او به یک موقعیت ممتاز برانگیخته می شود. داستان های اسطوره ای با مضمون برادرکشی در آثار ملل مختلف دیده می شود. مقایسة این آثار وجوه اشتراک و شباهت آنها را آشکار می کند و نشان می دهد که بیشتر این داستان ها نقش ویژه های مشابهی دارند که در اغلب اسطوره های مرتبط نمود یافته اند. گونة دیگر برادرکشی، برادرکشی های تاریخی است که آن هم از اعصار کهن در تاریخ و ادب ملل گوناگون به وقوع پیوسته است. پژوهش حاضر در پی پاسخ به این پرسش است که مضمون برادرکشی در اسطوره های ملل مختلف در چه اشکالی نمود یافته است؟ برای پاسخ به این پرسش، با روش توصیفی- تحلیلی، ابتدا نمونه های کهن الگوی برادرکشی در اسطوره های سرزمین های گوناگون را ذکر کرده ایم و سپس به بیان نقش مایه های مشترک در بین این اسطوره ها پرداخته ایم و آنها را به لحاظ ساختاری تحلیل کرده ایم.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Fratricide, as an archetype, has a precedent as old as human life and its origin goes back to religions and the myths of Creation. According to the myth of fratricide, sense of competition and jealousy among brothers are instigated by their father paying too much attention to one of brothers or one of the brothers somehow gains a better position than the other. We can read the stories of fratricide in the texts of nations and compare their differences and similarities. The present article attempts to answer this question: How has the theme of fratricide appeared in the myths of various nations? To answer this question, at first, we consider the samples of the myth of fratricide among various nations by using descriptive-analytical method. Then the common themes of the myths and their structures are analyzed.   Fratricide, as an archetype, has a precedent as old as human life and its origin goes back to religions and the myths of Creation. According to the myth of fratricide, sense of competition and jealousy among brothers are instigated by their father paying too much attention to one of brothers or one of the brothers somehow gains a better position than the other. We can read the stories of fratricide in the texts of nations and compare their differences and similarities. The present article attempts to answer this question: How has the theme of fratricide appeared in the myths of various nations? To answer this question, at first, we consider the samples of the myth of fratricide among various nations by using descriptive-analytical method. Then the common themes of the myths and their structures are analyzed.   Fratricide, as an archetype, has a precedent as old as human life and its origin goes back to religions and the myths of Creation. According to the myth of fratricide, sense of competition and jealousy among brothers are instigated by their father paying too much attention to one of brothers or one of the brothers somehow gains a better position than the other. We can read the stories of fratricide in the texts of nations and compare their differences and similarities. The present article attempts to answer this question: How has the theme of fratricide appeared in the myths of various nations? To answer this question, at first, we consider the samples of the myth of fratricide among various nations by using descriptive-analytical method. Then the common themes of the myths and their structures are analyzed.   Fratricide, as an archetype, has a precedent as old as human life and its origin goes back to religions and the myths of Creation. According to the myth of fratricide, sense of competition and jealousy among brothers are instigated by their father paying too much attention to one of brothers or one of the brothers somehow gains a better position than the other. We can read the stories of fratricide in the texts of nations and compare their differences and similarities. The present article attempts to answer this question: How has the theme of fratricide appeared in the myths of various nations? To answer this question, at first, we consider the samples of the myth of fratricide among various nations by using descriptive-analytical method. Then the common themes of the myths and their structures are analyzed.   Fratricide, as an archetype, has a precedent as old as human life and its origin goes back to religions and the myths of Creation. According to the myth of fratricide, sense of competition and jealousy among brothers are instigated by their father paying too much attention to one of brothers or one of the brothers somehow gains a better position than the other. We can read the stories of fratricide in the texts of nations and compare their differences and similarities. The present article attempts to answer this question: How has the theme of fratricide appeared in the myths of various nations? To answer this question, at first, we consider the samples of the myth of fratricide among various nations by using descriptive-analytical method. Then the common themes of the myths and their structures are analyzed.   Fratricide, as an archetype, has a precedent as old as human life and its origin goes back to religions and the myths of Creation. According to the myth of fratricide, sense of competition and jealousy among brothers are instigated by their father paying too much attention to one of brothers or one of the brothers somehow gains a better position than the other. We can read the stories of fratricide in the texts of nations and compare their differences and similarities. The present article attempts to answer this question: How has the theme of fratricide appeared in the myths of various nations? To answer this question, at first, we consider the samples of the myth of fratricide among various nations by using descriptive-analytical method. Then the common themes of the myths and their structures are analyzed.   Fratricide, as an archetype, has a precedent as old as human life and its origin goes back to religions and the myths of Creation. According to the myth of fratricide, sense of competition and jealousy among brothers are instigated by their father paying too much attention to one of brothers or one of the brothers somehow gains a better position than the other. We can read the stories of fratricide in the texts of nations and compare their differences and similarities. The present article attempts to answer this question: How has the theme of fratricide appeared in the myths of various nations? To answer this question, at first, we consider the samples of the myth of fratricide among various nations by using descriptive-analytical method. Then the common themes of the myths and their structures are analyzed.   Fratricide, as an archetype, has a precedent as old as human life and its origin goes back to religions and the myths of Creation. According to the myth of fratricide, sense of competition and jealousy among brothers are instigated by their father paying too much attention to one of brothers or one of the brothers somehow gains a better position than the other. We can read the stories of fratricide in the texts of nations and compare their differences and similarities. The present article attempts to answer this question: How has the theme of fratricide appeared in the myths of various nations? To answer this question, at first, we consider the samples of the myth of fratricide among various nations by using descriptive-analytical method. Then the common themes of the myths and their structures are analyzed.   Fratricide, as an archetype, has a precedent as old as human life and its origin goes back to religions and the myths of Creation. According to the myth of fratricide, sense of competition and jealousy among brothers are instigated by their father paying too much attention to one of brothers or one of the brothers somehow gains a better position than the other. We can read the stories of fratricide in the texts of nations and compare their differences and similarities. The present article attempts to answer this question: How has the theme of fratricide appeared in the myths of various nations? To answer this question, at first, we consider the samples of the myth of fratricide among various nations by using descriptive-analytical method. Then the common themes of the myths and their structures are analyzed.   Fratricide, as an archetype, has a precedent as old as human life and its origin goes back to religions and the myths of Creation. According to the myth of fratricide, sense of competition and jealousy among brothers are instigated by their father paying too much attention to one of brothers or one of the brothers somehow gains a better position than the other. We can read the stories of fratricide in the texts of nations and compare their differences and similarities. The present article attempts to answer this question: How has the theme of fratricide appeared in the myths of various nations? To answer this question, at first, we consider the samples of the myth of fratricide among various nations by using descriptive-analytical method. Then the common themes of the myths and their structures are analyzed.   Fratricide, as an archetype, has a precedent as old as human life and its origin goes back to religions and the myths of Creation. According to the myth of fratricide, sense of competition and jealousy among brothers are instigated by their father paying too much attention to one of brothers or one of the brothers somehow gains a better position than the other. We can read the stories of fratricide in the texts of nations and compare their differences and similarities. The present article attempts to answer this question: How has the theme of fratricide appeared in the myths of various nations? To answer this question, at first, we consider the samples of the myth of fratricide among various nations by using descriptive-analytical method. Then the common themes of the myths and their structures are analyzed.   Fratricide, as an archetype, has a precedent as old as human life and its origin goes back to religions and the myths of Creation. According to the myth of fratricide, sense of competition and jealousy among brothers are instigated by their father paying too much attention to one of brothers or one of the brothers somehow gains a better position than the other. We can read the stories of fratricide in the texts of nations and compare their differences and similarities. The present article attempts to answer this question: How has the theme of fratricide appeared in the myths of various nations? To answer this question, at first, we consider the samples of the myth of fratricide among various nations by using descriptive-analytical method. Then the common themes of the myths and their structures are analyzed.  

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References

Ketāb-e moghaddas.

’Afifi, Rahim. (2004/1383SH). Asātir o Farhang-e Irani dar Neveshte-hā-ye Pahlavi. 2^nd ed. Tehran: Tous.

Ahmadi, Bābak. (2006/1385SH). Sākhtār-e ta’vil-e matn. 2^nd ed. Tehran: Nashr-e Markaz.

Bahār, Mehrdād. (1996/1375SH). Pazhouheshi dar asātir-e Iran. 1^st ed. Tehran: Āgāh.

Christensen, Emanuel Arthur. (1989/1368SH). Iran dar zamān-e Sāsāniyān (L'Iran sous les Sassanides). Tr. by Rashid Yāsemi. 6^th ed. Tehrān: Donyā-ye Ketāb.

Emāmi Khoei. (2008/1387SH). “Ghānoun-nāmeh barādar-koshi-ye Soltān Mohammad Fāteh va nahveh ejrā-ye e’dām-e a’zā-ye khāndān”. The Journal of Faculty of Literature & Humanities of Tehran University. Period 59. No. 1.

Esmāeil-pour, Abolghāsem. (1998/1377SH). Ostoureh bayān-e nemādin. 2^nd ed. Tehran: Soroush.

Ferdowsi, Abolghāsem. (2010/1389SH). Shāhnāmeh. With the effort of Jalāl Khāleghi Motlagh. 3^rd ed. Tehran: The Great Islamic Encyclopedia Center.

Ghrishman, Roman. (2003/1382SH). Iran az āghāz tā Islam (Iran Des Origines Al Islam). Tr. by Mahmoud Behforouzi. 2^nd ed. Tehran: Jāmi.

Guerin, Wilfred L. and et. al. (1998/1377SH). Rāhnamā-ye rouykard-hā-ye naghd-e adabi (A Handbook of critical Approaches to literature). Tr. by Zahrā Mihankhāh. 3^rd ed. Tehran: Enteshārāt-e Etelā’āt.

Hamilton, Edit. (1997/1376SH). Seyri dar Asātir-e Younān o Roum (Mythology: Timeless tales of Gods and Heroes). Tr. by ’Abdolhossein Sharifiyān. 2^nd ed. Tehran: Asātir.

Hāshemiyān, Leilā va Peimān Dehghān-pour. (2010/1389SH). “Bāztāb-e ostoureh Hābil o Ghābil dar barkhi az roman-hā-ye adabiyāt-e Irān o jahān”. Azād University Quarterly Journal of Mytho-mystic Literature. Year 6. No. 21.

Hinnells, John Russell. (2006/1385SH). Shenākht-e asātir-e Iran (Persian mythology). Tr. by Bājelān Farrokhi. 1^st ed. Tehran: Asātir.

Ions, Veronica. (1994/1373SH). Shenākht-e asātir-e Mesr (Egyptian Mythology). Tr. by Bajelān Farrokhi. 1^sted. Tehrān: Asātir.

Minou-ye Kherad. (1985/1364SH). Tr. by Ahmad Tafazzoli. 2^nd ed. Tehran: Tous.

Piaget, Jean. (2006/1385SH). Sākhtār-gerāei (Le structuralisme). Tr. by Rezā ’Ali Akbar-pour. 1^st ed. Tehrān: Mejles.

Piggott, Juliet. (1994/1373SH). Shenākht-e asātir-e Zhāpon (Japanese mythology). Tr. by Bājelān Farrokhi. 1^st ed. Tehrān: Asātir.

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