The Mythological Analysis of Gāv, Based on the Archetypal Role of Cow in the Iranian Mythology
Subject Areas : Mytho
1 - The Assistant Professor of Art Research, Art University of Isfahan
Keywords: Mythology, The Archetype of the Cow, Gāv, Gholām-Hossein Sā'edi, The Sacrifice,
Abstract :
In animist cultures, the chosen animal represents an eternal power, which needs to be ritually sacrificed to blessing or as atonement for sins. In an altar, sometimes the chosen man and the chosen animal substitute one another. In the Abrahamic religions, the successor sacrifice is often a camel or a sheep. But taking a look at pre-Islamic Iranian beliefs reveals that for the ancient Iranians the chosen animal is cow which in its archetypal role, as the sacrifice, blesses the nature. The purpose of the present article is to explore the mythological roots in Gāv (The Cow), a screenplay by Gholām-Hossein Sā'edi, with a comparative mythological approach. The research has been done by using descriptive-analytical and developmental method and its qualitative data have been collected in a documentary manner. The result of the research reveals that the mythological actors of this narrative are as follows: the shaman (Mash Islam), the nuns (Naneh Khanom and Naneh Fatemeh), the devilish powers (the Porusi bandits), the sacrificial animal (the cow) and the sacrificial man (Mash Hasan). After the cow dies, Mash Hasan substitutes for it, and eventually he suffers the same death as the cow. In this way, the border between the sacrificial animal and the sacrificial man is abolished.
کتابنامه
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English sources
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Boyce, M. 1968. "On the Sacred fires of the Zoroastrians", BSOAS, XXXI, pp. 52-68.
Campbell, Joseph. 1988. Joseph Campbell and the Power of Myth, Interview by: Bill Moyers. Episode 3: The first storytellers.
Clauss, Manfred. 2000. The Roman Cult of Mithras: The God and his Mysteries. Translated by Richard Gordon. NY: Routledge.
Darmesteter, James. 1960. Le Zend-Avesta. Paris: A. Maisonneuve.
Doniger O' Flaherty, Wendy. ed. 2007. The Rig Veda: an anthology: one hundred and eight hymns. London: Penguin Books.
Dumezil, Georges. 1988. Mitra-Varuna: An Essay on Two Indo-European Representations of Sovereignty. New York: Zone Books.
Eliade, Mircea. 1954. Cosmos and History: The Myth of the Eternal Return, Transleted by: W. Trask. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Eliade, Mircea. 2004. Shamanism: Archaic Techniques of Ecstasy. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Frazer, James G. 1922. The Golden Bough. New York: Macmillan.
Harper, Prudence Oliver. 1985. "The Ox-Headed Mace in Pre-Islamic Iran", Papers in Honor of Professor MaryBoyce, Acta Iranica, 24, pp. 247-259.
Jung, C. G. 1917 published 1966. "Two Essays on Analytical Psychology". Collected Works. 7 (2 ed.). London: Routledge.
Lévi-Strauss, Claude. 1995. Myth and Meaning. New York: Schocken Books.
Linman, Jonathan. 2010. Holy Conversation: Spirituality for Worship. Minneapolis: Fortress Press.
Littleton, C. 1973. The New Comparative Mythology: An Anthropological Assessment of the Theories of Georges Dumezil. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Matthews, Caitlin & Matthews, John. (2004). Walkers Between the Worlds: The Western Mysteries from Shaman to Magus. New York: Simon & Schuster.
Patton, Laurie & Doniger, Wendy (eds.). 1996. Myth and Method (Studies in Religion and Culture). Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia.
Puhvel, Jaan. 1987. Comparative Mythology. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Tylor, Edward Burnett. 1871. Primitive Culture: Researches into the Development of Mythology, Philosophy, Religion, Art, and Custom. London: J. Murray.
Ulansey, David. 1991. Origins of the Mithraic Mysteries. NY: Oxford UP.
Witzel, Michael, 2010. The Origins of the World's Mythologies. New York: Oxford University Press.
Zeder, M.A. 2008. "Domestication and early agriculture in the Mediterranean Basin: Origins, diffusion, and impact", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
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