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Open Access Article
1 - Investigating the possibility of replacing sodium nitrite with Ganoderma Lucidium mushroom extract and carmine pigment in Martadella formulation.
Mohammad Masjedi leila Nateghi Fatemeh KavainIntroduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of replacing sodium nitrite with Ganoderma Lucidium extract (GLE) in Martadella formulation.Materials and Methods: In order to, concentration of sodium nitrite allowed in Martadella (ppm 120) was rep MoreIntroduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of replacing sodium nitrite with Ganoderma Lucidium extract (GLE) in Martadella formulation.Materials and Methods: In order to, concentration of sodium nitrite allowed in Martadella (ppm 120) was replaced by Ganoderma Lucidium extract at different concentration (25, 50, 75 and 100%) with 50 ppm carmine pigment (CP) and without carmine pigment. Therefore, 10 treatments were designed according to a completely randomized design and the amount of flavonoid, total phenol, IC50, color characteristics )b*, L*, a*), microbial (total microbial count, mold and yeast, coliforms, Clostridium perfringens , Staphylococcus aureus) were evaluated on the 1st, 25th and 50th days of storage at 4°C.Results: The results showed that with the increase in replacement percentage (GLE) the amount of flavonoid, total phenol increased and IC50 decresed. Also, with the increase of replacement percentage (GLE), a* and L* decreased and b* increased. The amount of mold and yeast and the total count in all the tested samples were within the acceptable range of the national standard of Iran (No. 2303) and coliforms, Clostridium perfringens, and Staphylococcus aureus were not observed in any of the tested samples.Conclusion: The results of this research indicated that by using (GLE) along with (CP) it can be used instead of all or part of the sodium nitrite used in Martadella formulation might be replaced, without having an adverse effect on the quality and microbial properties of the product. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Optimization of the Extraction of the Total Phenolics and Antioxidant Compounds from Solanum nigrum Fruit using Response Surface Methodology
F. Khanlari A. Yasini Ardakani N. NasirizadehIntroduction: Solanum nigrum L. (SN) is a herbal plant indigenous to the north-east of Asia. The plant is believed to have various biological activities. In this study, the optimum conditions for the extraction of phenolic compounds from Solanum nigrum were determined u MoreIntroduction: Solanum nigrum L. (SN) is a herbal plant indigenous to the north-east of Asia. The plant is believed to have various biological activities. In this study, the optimum conditions for the extraction of phenolic compounds from Solanum nigrum were determined using response surface methodology (RSM). Materials and Methods: Extraction was carried out using different solvents in order to determine the best solvent for the highest extraction yield. Central composite design was employed to optimise the three independent variables such as incubation temperature (25–70 ºC), time (30–240 min) and liquid-to-solid ratio (10–20 ml/g). Total phenols (TP) was measured using Folin – Ciocalteu method and IC50 scavenging activity was analyzed using DPPH method. Results: The preliminary experiments with p<0.05 showed that ethanol was the best solvent for the extraction of Solanum nigrum. The experimental data were fitted into a second-order polynomial equation and 3D response surfaces showed that the optimal conditions were at the temperature of 70 ºC, time of 30 min and liquid to solid ratio of 20 ml/g. These optimum conditions obtained the total phenolic compounds of 18.04 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g and DPPHsc of 61.9 μg/ml. Conclusion: The result of this study indicated the suitability of the response surface methodology employed in optimizing the extraction conditions. The optimized conditions showed a fast and high extraction yield of phenolic and antioxidant compounds from Solanum nigrum. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Antioxidant Activities and Several Bioactive Substances of Different Extracts of Vitis vinifera L.
M. Babashpour-Asl M. Piryaei -
Open Access Article
4 - Effect of nickel and pH on antioxidant activity, and total phenolic and flavonoid contents of Cladophora glomerata
Zohreh Senobari Naser Jafari Mohammad Ali EbrahimzadehExcess Ni concentration is considered as a stressful factor for algae, and can affect their growth as alimiting factor. Ni toxicity can also induce oxidative stress in algae and plants by producing freeradicals. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different conce MoreExcess Ni concentration is considered as a stressful factor for algae, and can affect their growth as alimiting factor. Ni toxicity can also induce oxidative stress in algae and plants by producing freeradicals. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of Ni and pH onantioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid contents. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents ofextracts were determined by Folin-Ciocaltue assay and expressed based on mg of gallic acid per g ofextract. Then the antioxidant activity of ethanolic extracts was assessed by using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). In this study, the highest phenolic content (1873 mg gallic acid/g extarct) andflavonoid content (1106 mg quercetin/g extarct) were obtained at pH=5. In the antioxidant activitytest, the maximum IC50 was recorded at pH=9. The results indicated that ethanolic extract ofCladophora glomerata has a noticeable antioxidant ability against various oxidative systems and itcan be used as an accessible source of natural antioxidant in food and pharmaceutical industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Evaluation of Antioxidant activity, Total phenolic and Flavonoid content of the extract of Adonis aestivalis L. collected from Lorestan Province
mahboubeh taherkhani مجید قربانی مرضیه حسینیAdonis aestivalis L. belongs to the Ranunculoidae sub family of Ranunculaceae family. Up to now many reports has proven the presence of tetraterpenoids, phenolic compounds and cardiac glycoside in the genus Adonis. The most important mentioned effect of A. aestivalis is MoreAdonis aestivalis L. belongs to the Ranunculoidae sub family of Ranunculaceae family. Up to now many reports has proven the presence of tetraterpenoids, phenolic compounds and cardiac glycoside in the genus Adonis. The most important mentioned effect of A. aestivalis is it's uses in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmia or sexual problems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid content of the methanolic (%80) and ethyl acetate extract of A. aestivalis and compare them with each other. The total phenolic content (TPC) of the extracts of A. aestivalis was determined using the Folin ciocalteau assay at the presence of galic acid as standard and also the total flavonoid content (TFC) was determined using spectrophotometer methods at the presence of catechin as standard. Antioxidant activity of the extracts of A. aestivalis was determined upon Ferric-Reducing-Antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. The result showed that the total phenolic content of the methanolic extract was determined to be 607.262.35 mg GAE/g sample and total flavonoid content 97.810.007 mg catechin equivalent/g sample more than ethyl acetate extract (378.378.64 mg GAE/g sample, 89.730.003 mg catechin equivalent/g sample, respectively). Also the FRAP properties of the methanolic extract of A. aestivalis was determined to be 3.9850.001 mg GAE/g sample more than ethyl acetate extract (3.4940.0004) mg GAE/g sample. The results showed that the methanolic extract of A. aestivalis has high antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid content. Therefore further comprehensive investigation is required to determine the antioxidant properties of A. aestivalis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Understanding the phytochemical constitution, antioxidant potential and spectral characteristics of aqueous extracts of the chosen leafy vegetables from south India
Sobha Kota Pradeep Dumpala Hariseetharam Prasad Dachepalli Anantha Ratna Kumari -
Open Access Article
7 - Effect of freeze-drying and spray-drying on total phenolics content and antioxidant activity from aqueous extract of Justicia secunda leaves
Emmanuel N’dri Koffi Amian Brise Benjamin Kassi Felix Anoh Adje Yves François Lozano Yves-Alain Bekro -
Open Access Article
8 - Simultaneous optimization of extraction of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of aerial parts of Ammi visnaga L. using response surface methodology
Zineb El Jabboury Smail Aazza Driss Ousaaid Oumaima Chater Uros Gasic Peđa Janaćković Zora Dajic Stevanovic Stefan Kolašinac Meryem Benjelloun Lahsen El Ghadraoui -
Open Access Article
9 - Effect of solvent, time and method of extraction on the amounts of phenolic, flavonoid and the antioxidant activity of the extract of Ixiolirion tataricum (Pall.) Schult. & Schult.f.
Fatemeh Rabbani Malihe Samadi Kazemi -
Open Access Article
10 - Effect of 6-benzylaminopurine and methyl jasmonate on yield and quality improvement of the strawberry ‘Albion’
Farzad Asgari Sepideh Kalateh Jari Babak Motesharezadeh Marzieh Ghanbari Jahromi Weria WeisanyTo study the effects of 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BAP) and methyl jasmonate (MJ) on various quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the Albion strawberry, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete blocks design was carried out with three replications in a MoreTo study the effects of 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BAP) and methyl jasmonate (MJ) on various quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the Albion strawberry, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete blocks design was carried out with three replications in a greenhouse located in Damavand county. The first factor was 6-BAP at two levels (control and 100 mg/L) and the second factor was MJ at three levels (control, 100 and 200 µM). Plants were sprayed twice with 6-BAP and thrice with MJ, during the vegetative and the reproductive growth phases, respectively. Application of 6-BAP during the vegetative stage, resulted in production of plants with more and larger leaves and increased crown diameter. The highest fruit count and weight, SPAD, flavor index, total anthocyanin and fruit shelf-life, was related to the 100 mg/L 6-BAP + 200 µM MJ treatment. Using cytokinin combined with each of the MJ concentrations, resulted in significant improvement of the plant yield and fruit firmness compared to the control. Therefore, pre-harvest application of these plant growth regulators can be suggested for increasing production rates, improving the quality, and the shelf-life of this vulnerable fruit and also reducing its waste. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Growth and Biochemical Properties of Green Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) Affected by Foliar Application of Biostimulants
Mozhgan Alibakhshi Hossein Ali Asadi-Gharneh -
Open Access Article
12 - The Effect of Drought Stress and Selenium on some Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Isfahan Yellow Landrace Onions (Allium cepa L.)
Nooshin Haghani Masoomeh Amerian Mahmoud Khorami VafaSelenium due to its physiological and anti-oxidative properties is considered to be essential micronutrient for humans, animals and plants. The positive effects of selenium on reduction of various environmental stresses in plants is, however, still unclear and need to b MoreSelenium due to its physiological and anti-oxidative properties is considered to be essential micronutrient for humans, animals and plants. The positive effects of selenium on reduction of various environmental stresses in plants is, however, still unclear and need to be explored. In this study, the effect of selenium on increasing drought tolerance of yellow landrace onions in Isfahan was investigated by factorial experiment in a completely randomized design under greenhouse conditions. Treatments were drought stress at three levels (0, 50 and 75% of field capacity) and levels of selenium at three levels (0, 5 and 10 mg.L-1 sodium selenate). Foliar application of selenium was performed in two plant growth stages. The first foliar application at the onset of stress (onion production stage) and the second application was carried out two weeks after the onset of stress (onion development stage). Increasing selenium concentrations, under all levels of drought, traits like plant height (62.66 cm), leaf number (11.66), fresh weight (36.82 g) and dry weight of bulb (4.66 g) were increased. In contrast to drought stress, selenium concentrations increased onion physiological properties (total phenol, flavonoid, total soluble sugar, relative leaf water content and stomatal conductance). Increased onion growth under drought stress is attributed to the antioxidant property of selenium. Because, selenium acts as an oxidant at high concentrations it decreased growth. Selenium at 10 mg.L-1 did not have any detrimental effect on onions. It increased the growth of bulb and seedling onion. These results suggest that selenium application may improve antioxidantal defense system of onions under drought stress conditions. Thus, its use may be recommended under arid and semiarid regions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - The Effect of Nitrogenous Fertilizers on Antimicrobial Activity and some Physiological Characteristics of Onion (Allium cepa L.)
Masoomeh AmerianOnion is a medicinal plant which have many uses in traditional medicine. It is a valuable crop since ancient times and it ranks second after tomato among cultivated vegetables in the world. Also, onion has great importance in the diet of Iranian people. In this study ef MoreOnion is a medicinal plant which have many uses in traditional medicine. It is a valuable crop since ancient times and it ranks second after tomato among cultivated vegetables in the world. Also, onion has great importance in the diet of Iranian people. In this study effect of different nitrogen levels (56, 112, 168 and 224 mg.L-1) on antimicrobial activity and some physiological characteristics of bulb extracts were studied.The highest and lowest amounts of inhibitory efficacy of methanol extract of onion bulbs at concentration of 0.30 mg.L-1 against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis, were observed. According to the results, different levels of nitrogen had a positive effect on the antimicrobial properties onion bulb extract. With increased nitrogen concentration in nutrient solution, antimicrobial activity onion bulb extracts increased. With the increase in nitrogen concentration in nutrient solution content antioxidant activity, total phenol, total flavonoids, and ascorbic acid were increased. Increasing the concentration of antioxidant compounds was associated with increased antimicrobial activity of onion bulb extract. In recent years, the consumption of onion has increased due to its flavor and health benefits. The beneficial properties of onion are mainly related to its high content of sulfur compounds and flavonoids, and the role of these compounds as antioxidants, anti-microbial and anti-cancer have been proven. Nitrogen was effective on the inhibitory effect of bulb methanol extract, which could be due to the effect of nitrogen on the metabolism of sulfur compounds and flavonoids in bulb. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Comparison of the effect of ultrasonic and thermal pasteurization on total phenol content and microbial load of sour cherry juice
F. Noorisefa L. Nateghi H. ZareiNon-thermal methods can be used to reduce the adverse effects of conventional thermal pasteurization on food. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ultrasound method regarding the effect of the three variables of ultrasound power (10, 105, and 200 watts), ult MoreNon-thermal methods can be used to reduce the adverse effects of conventional thermal pasteurization on food. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ultrasound method regarding the effect of the three variables of ultrasound power (10, 105, and 200 watts), ultrasound temperature (0, 30, and 60 °C), and ultrasound duration (2, 6 and 10 min) on microbial load as well as total phenol content of sour cherry juice. According to the results, the most effective treatment in preserving the quality characteristics and the highest phenol content of all sour cherry juice samples was the pasteurized treatment by ultrasonic method with 10-watt power, 0 °C, and 6 min. It was assumed that by increasing the ultrasound power from 10 to 200 watts, the ultrasound temperature from 0 to 60 °C, and the ultrasound duration from 2 to 10 min, the total microbial count and the populations of coliforms, and mold and yeast decreased significantly (p <0.05) in the pasteurized cherry juice. Ultrasound pasteurization of cherry juice at the power of 109 watts, 60 °C and 9.5 min had the best results in terms of preserving phenolic compounds and reducing microbial load. The results revealed no significant difference between the microbial load of pasteurized cherry juice with the two methods. In terms of bioactive compounds and quality properties, the optimal ultrasonic treatment was more favorable than the pasteurized sample at 90 °C for 30 seconds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Induced defense responses and control of blue mold of apple fruit by Zaatar (Zataria multiflora) extract
Pedram Alimosazadeh Syed javad Sanei Abdol Hossein TaheriBlue mold, caused by Penicillium expansum, is considered one of the most serious postharvest diseases of apple fruits. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of thyme methanol extract to control the postharvest blue mold of apple fruit and its possible modes o MoreBlue mold, caused by Penicillium expansum, is considered one of the most serious postharvest diseases of apple fruits. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of thyme methanol extract to control the postharvest blue mold of apple fruit and its possible modes of action through on induction of biochemical defense mechanisms. In this study, the effect of thyme methanol extract was tested on spore germination and colony growth in vitro and peroxidase activity and total phenolic in fruit tissue were evaluated by calorimetric assay. The results showed the inhibitory activity of thyme extract on P. expansum. The extract with 8-20 µg/ml concentrations had 17-33% and 24-36% inhibition of spore germination and colony growth diameter, respectively. Thyme extract decreased blue mold area by 23.63-61.20% and the most effective extract was at 13.88 mg/ml concentration. The relationship between time and thyme extract concentration in relation to decay area was described by the quadratic model. Fruits treated with thyme extract had significantly higher phenolic content and peroxidase activity than the control fruits. The highest content of phenolic compounds and peroxidase activity were achieved in the 6th and 9th days after inoculation. The results of the induction of resistance in this study suggest that the natural products used have the potential for use in the integrated management of blue mold. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Effect of ultrasound waves pretreatment on quantity and antioxidant capacity of extracted beta-carotene from carrot residue
رویا Seyedifar نارملا Asefi یحیی MaghsoudlouNowadays, the tendency towards the extraction of phytochemicals by ultrasound method has been increased. In this research, the effect of ultrasound waves pretreatment on extraction of beta-carotene from carrot residue was studied. Carrot residues were treated with ultra MoreNowadays, the tendency towards the extraction of phytochemicals by ultrasound method has been increased. In this research, the effect of ultrasound waves pretreatment on extraction of beta-carotene from carrot residue was studied. Carrot residues were treated with ultrasound waves with 205 W power, constant 35 KHz frequency during six stages of 0 (without ultrasound), 16, 20, 30, 40 and 44 min and at temperatures of 66, 70, 80, 90 and 94 ºC and using ethyl acetate as solvents. Then, the extract from each sample was evaluated considering the amount of total phenolic components as well as beta-carotene and antioxidant capacity of beta-carotene. According to the results, it was observed that, there was a significant difference (P<0.01) between samples in the case of beta-carotene amount with increasing of temperature and time. In order to achieve the highest extraction of carotene from carrot residues, the temperature of 90 ˚C and 40 minutes was determined as the best temperature and time. The results also revealed that at low temperatures the antioxidant capacity was higher. With increasing time of ultrasonic at low temperatures, the antioxidant capacity was enhanced. Moreover, the temperature of 70 ˚C and 40 min was determined as the optimum condition to achieve the highest antioxidant capacity of carrot residues. The result showed that the total phenolic compounds are greater at low temperature compared with high temperature. Besides, at all selected temperatures, with the increasing of ultrasonic duration the amount of total phenolics increased. Most phenols obtained at 66˚C for 40 min of ultrasonic treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - The effect of sonication on bioactive compounds in carrot juice
علی Ayaseh محمد Alizadeh عباس Mehrdad محسن Esmaiili یوسف JavadzadehThe objective of this research was to determine the effect of ultrasound treatment on bioactive compounds (including total phenolic, total flavonoids, total carotenoids, ascorbic acid) of carrot juice in comparison with conventional thermal process. Carrot juice samples MoreThe objective of this research was to determine the effect of ultrasound treatment on bioactive compounds (including total phenolic, total flavonoids, total carotenoids, ascorbic acid) of carrot juice in comparison with conventional thermal process. Carrot juice samples were sonicated according to D-optimal response surface design with processing variables of temperature (25, 37.5 and 50°C), time (10, 20 and 30 min) and power (350 and 400 w) at a constant frequency of 24 kHz. Results showed that ultrasound temperature (P<0.01), time (P<0.01) and power (P<0.05) significantly decreased the ascorbic acid content of carrot juice samples. Ascorbic acid contents in heat-treated and sonicated samples reveled that sonication process had more protective effect of ascorbic acid. Ultrasound temperature significantly (P<0.05) increased the total carotenoid contents of the sonicated samples. On the other hand, ultrasound duration significantly (P<0.01) decreased the total phenolic contents of the sonicated samples; nevertheless, no significant difference was observed between sonicated and heat-treated as well as control groups. Total flavonoids content of the sonicated samples was significantly (P<0.01) decreased in comparison with the heat-treated and control samples. It was concluded that ultrasound treatment as a non-thermal preservation technique, leads to better retention of bioactive compounds (especially ascorbic acid, total carotenoids and total phenolic contents) compared to thermal process. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - The effect of combined application of volck oil, calcium, potassium on budburst and cold tolerance physiology of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.)
Abbas Sabberi Rouhollah KarimiIn order to investigate the effects of foliar application of calcium (Ca), potassium (K), and Volck oil separately or in combination on budburst and cold tolerance-related physiological indices in Bidaneh-Sefid grapevine, a randomized complete block design with four rep MoreIn order to investigate the effects of foliar application of calcium (Ca), potassium (K), and Volck oil separately or in combination on budburst and cold tolerance-related physiological indices in Bidaneh-Sefid grapevine, a randomized complete block design with four replications was conducted in 2017 in a commercial vineyard located in Abasabad village, Khondab in Markazi province. Treatments included control, Volck oil, Volck oil + Ca, Volck oil + K, K, Ca, Ca + K, and Volck oil + Ca + K. The vines were sprayed with Volck (1%), calcium (2%), and potassium (3%) in mid April at the wooly stage and one week later. The traits included days to budburst, ion leakage, peroxidation of membrane lipids, chlorophyll a and b, relative water content, soluble carbohydrates, proline, soluble proteins, and phenol. The combined treatment of Volch + Ca + K resulted in 5 day retardation in budburst compared to control vines. The highest concentrations of carbohydrate, phenol, and protein were obtained with Ca + K combined treatment, and the lowest ones were observed in both control and Volck oil- treated vines. The highest amounts of chlorophyll a, b, carotenoids, and total chlorophyll were obtained from Ca and K treatment and the lowest was observed in Volck oil treatment. The highest concentrations of proline, carbohydrate, and soluble protein were related to Ca + K treatment, and the lowest ones were obtained for control treatment. The highest relative water content, ion leakage, and membrane lipid peroxidation were detected in control vines. Therefore, in order to avoid late spring frost in vineyards, the combination of Volck oil + Ca + K was found to be appropriate in vineyards. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - The effect of height on some secondary metabolites of different organs of Sambucus (Sambucus ebulus L.) in three cities of Golestan province
Zahra Kaghazloo Khodayar Hemati Sara Khorasaninejad In order to study the effect of height and habitat on some biochemical features of Sambucus ebulus, an experiment was carried out in three cities in Golestan (Ramiyan, Tuskestan-Gorgan and Minoodasht), three height levels (elevations above 1400 m, 700-600 More In order to study the effect of height and habitat on some biochemical features of Sambucus ebulus, an experiment was carried out in three cities in Golestan (Ramiyan, Tuskestan-Gorgan and Minoodasht), three height levels (elevations above 1400 m, 700-600 m, and below 300 m), and on leaves, flowers and fruit with three replications in 2015. Total phenols, total flavonoids, and antioxidant activity were measured. The results showed significant effects of heights, region, and organs on biochemical features of the plants so that the interaction of effects of the region and height on the total phenol content and antioxidant activity and the interaction of effects of the region and organ on the total phenol content and on the antioxidant activity, and the interaction of effects of the height and organ on the total phenol content and flavonoids were significant. Also, the interaction of effects of the region, height, and organs was significant on total phenol content and total flavonoids and antioxidant activities. Maximum and minimum total phenol contents were recorded in the leaves of the plants in low height of Tuskestan and in the flowers of plants at average height of Minoodasht, respectively. Also, the highest flavonoid contents were recorded in the flowers at low heights of Minoodasht while the lowest flavonoid content was observed in fruits of the plants at low heights of Tuskestan. The findings also suggest that the maximum antioxidant activity was observed in fruit of the plants at medium elevation in Tuskestan while the minimum content was recorded in leaves of the plants at medium height in Tuskestan. Overall, it can be conclude that total phenol and flavonoids decreased with an increase in the height and the highest quality was obtained from the plants grown at low heights. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Study of phytochemical compounds of Lactuca serriola L. (case study of the fields of Vamenan village in Azadshar)
Ebrahim Gholamalipour Alamdari Maral Iri Javad Bayat Kohsar zeinab avarsejiThis experiment was carried out to analyze some primary and secondary compounds in various organs of Lactuca serriola during phenological vegetative growth stage. After collecting aerial parts of L. Serriola from the farms in Vamenan village in Azadshar, various organs MoreThis experiment was carried out to analyze some primary and secondary compounds in various organs of Lactuca serriola during phenological vegetative growth stage. After collecting aerial parts of L. Serriola from the farms in Vamenan village in Azadshar, various organs such as root, stem, and leaf were dried and powdered separately. Also, mixed organs were considered as another treatment for comparison. Then various organs of L. serriola and a mixture of them were analyzed qualitatively for primary metabolites like organic matter, raw ash, protein, proline, starch and soluble sugar as well as membrane stability index and some secondary metabolites like total phenols and anthocyanin. Results showed that various organs of L. serriola had a various content of primary and secondary metabolites as well membrane stability index. On the basis of the findings, the highest and lowest contents of organic matter and raw ash were obtained in leaf, respectively. The highest content of protein, starch and compatibility osmotic of soluble sugar and proline also were found in the leaf organ. The highest content of total phenols and anthocyanin were obtained in leaf showing a positive and significant correlation with membrane stability index. Regarding the high biomass generated from L. serriola, it is suggested to analyze the other chemical compounds in this plant. Complimentary studies are required to exploit the application of these compounds as bio herbicide. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Phytochemical analysis of various organs of Rheum ribes weed at the phonological stage of flowering (Case study: heights of Karizak Village of Kashmar)
ابراهیم Gholamalipour Alamdari فاطمه Makari جواد Bayat KohsarAn experiment was conducted for phytochemical analysis of the compounds of Rheum ribes weedat the phonological stage of flowering in Weed Science Laboratory of Gonbad-e Qabus University in 2015. Plant samples of Rheum ribes were collected from heights of Karizak Village MoreAn experiment was conducted for phytochemical analysis of the compounds of Rheum ribes weedat the phonological stage of flowering in Weed Science Laboratory of Gonbad-e Qabus University in 2015. Plant samples of Rheum ribes were collected from heights of Karizak Village of Kashmar. After identifying the Rheum species, various organs of stem, leaf, and inflorescence were separated from each other, dried and finally powdered. Chemical compounds like the organic matter, ash, crud protein, ADF, NDF, starch, soluble carbohydrates, and total phenols contents of the organs under study and a combination of organs were measured using the standardized phytochemical methods. Results of the variance analysis showed that there were significant differences in the phytochemical traits among various organs of Rheum ribes. Findings suggest that the highest percentage of organic matter, ash, crud protein, NDF, and ADF were obtained in the inflorescence, both the stem and leaf, leaf and inflorescence, and stem and inflorescence, respectively. The study also recorded the highest levels of total phenols in both in floresvence and combination of the organs while the lowest phenols contents were observed in the stem. Results generally showed variations in the content of phytochemical compounds under study in Rheum ribes organs. Therefore, regarding high productivity of Rheum ribes biomass and the role of phenolic compounds as well as suitable content of some primary metabolites, optimization of suitable method to extract these compounds is necessary. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - The study of morphological characteristics, antioxidant and essential oil contents of the medicinal plant Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl. in habitats of Semnan, Razavi,and North Khorasan provinces
Sedighe Chorli Sara Khorasaninejad Khodayar Hemmati Bahare KashefiStachys lavandulifolia is one of the medicinal plants from genus of Stachys and Labiatae with different medicinal properties that is widely found in Iran. This research was based on a completely randomized design with three replications to investigate the morphological MoreStachys lavandulifolia is one of the medicinal plants from genus of Stachys and Labiatae with different medicinal properties that is widely found in Iran. This research was based on a completely randomized design with three replications to investigate the morphological characteristics and phytochemical properties in four habitats in Semnan, Razavi and North Khorasan provinces in 2014. Morphological characteristics such as plant height, wet and dry root and shoot weights, root length, number of total flowers, number of open flowers and leaf, leaf area, and chlorophyll content were measured at the time of flowering. Also, essential oil yield and percentage, total phenols, total flavonoids, and antioxidant activity were measured in flowering time. Morphological characteristics did not show any significant difference but essential oil yield and percentage showed a significant difference in different habits. The highes total phenol and antioxidant content were recorded for Shahrud and Mashhad, respectively. The amount of total phenol and flavonoid were determined in the leaves and the highest amount of antioxidant was recorded in flowers. Finally, the highest level of essential oil yield and percentage were recorded for Mashhad and decrease in the altitude and rainfall could be attributed increase in essential oil in Stachys lavandulifolia. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - A study on phenolic compounds content and antioxidant activity of kolkhoung (Pistacia khinjuk Stocks) leaf in natural habitat of Ilam province
علی اصغر حاتم نیا پرویز ملک زاده خشنود نورالهی طاهره ولدبیگیIn the present study, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity were investigated in four kolkhoung genotypes in their natural habitats of Ilam province. The antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts were assayed by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl- 1- picr MoreIn the present study, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity were investigated in four kolkhoung genotypes in their natural habitats of Ilam province. The antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts were assayed by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl- 1- picrylhydrazyl), nitric oxide radical scavenging and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) assays. Among all the sample tested, leaf extract of K3 and K4 genotypes contained the highest and the lowest total phenolic and flavonoid contents, respectively. The results indicated that among all the genotypes studied here, the highest and the lowest antioxidant activity were observed in K3 and K4 genotypes, respectively. According to the results, total phenol and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity in kolkhoung can be influenced by different factors such as genetic, environmental and ecological conditions. So that the amount of total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity increased in leaf of kolkhoung as the altitude increased, and the highest amount of compounds were observed in K3 genotype at altitude of 2083 meters (Ghalarang mountain). However, the results obtained in our research indicated that K3 genotype had the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and interestingly this genotype revealed the highest antioxidant activity among all samples tested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Evaluation of antioxidant activity, secondary metabolites and osmolytes of aerial parts and root organs of Chelidonium majus L. in various phonological stages
Maryam Niakan Aytan Jojani Ebrahim Gholamali Pour AlamdariThe purpose of this study was to evaluate antioxidant activity and determining content of alkaloids, total phenols, anthocyanins, catalase, peroxidase activity as well osmolytes in vegetative,flowering and fruit stage of Chelidonium majus. Smples were collected from mar MoreThe purpose of this study was to evaluate antioxidant activity and determining content of alkaloids, total phenols, anthocyanins, catalase, peroxidase activity as well osmolytes in vegetative,flowering and fruit stage of Chelidonium majus. Smples were collected from marginal fields of Chamestan district of Noor which is located in Mazandaran province firstly, and then collected samples were botanically authenticated.. Results showed that root of C. majus in various phenological stages had a more alkaloids and total phenols content over aerial organs in similar stages. It was also observed that the highest alkaloids and total phenols in root were obtained in vegetative and flowering stages respectively. Anthocyanins content in root and aerial organs were increased with an increase of phonological stages. Also, the measurement of soluble sugars in C. majus showed that the highest amount of this compound was in all phonological stages at the root more than the aerial parts. The maximum amount of proline was observed in the aerial parts at the vegetative stage. According to the results, enzyme of catalase and peroxidase had positive correlation with antioxidant activity. Overall, antioxidant capacity in inhibition of free radicals significantly were increased with an increase of alkaloids and total phenols content from underground and aerial organs of C. majus in various phonological stages. Overall, root of Chelidonium majus in vegetative stage had the appropriate amount of alkaloids; it may be used as a suitable source for the preparation of pharmaceutical compounds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Effect of silicon oxide and salicylic acid on yield, yield components, and some biochemical properties of Persian melon (Cucumis melo var. inodorus)
mojtaba salahiostad malihe morshedloo Mohammad MoghaddamThis study was carried out to enhance yield and quality of Persian melon crop in a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Farm of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2018. The treatments consisted of foliar MoreThis study was carried out to enhance yield and quality of Persian melon crop in a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Farm of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2018. The treatments consisted of foliar application of salicylic acid at three concentrations (0, 1, and 2 mM) and root drowning in the aqueous solution of silicon oxide at three concentrations (0, 0.5, and 1 g/L). The measured traits were the number of days to flowering, average fruit weight, average fruit production per plant, fruit number per plant, final yield, total phenol, antioxidant activity, proline, and soluble carbohydrate. Results showed that the highest fruit yield, total carbohydrate, and antioxidant activity were obtained in the interaction effect of 2 mM salicylic acid spray with 0.5 g/L silicon oxide application. The amount of proline and total phenol increased in 2 mM salicylic acid and 0.5 g/L silicon oxide treatment compared to control. In this experiment, foliar application of 2 mM salicylic acid with 0.5 g/L silicon oxide were superior to other treatments in the most measured traits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Investigation of metabolites content and antioxidant activity of various organs of invasive weed of Ipomoea tricolor Cav. in Gonbad Kavous farms
Ebrahim Gholamalipour Alamdari Alie Syedi hossein sabouri Zeinab Avarseji Abbas BiabaniThe purpose of this study was to evaluate metabolites content (primary and secondary) and antioxidant activity of different organs of Ipomoea tricolor weed including stem, leaf, and fruit leaf, individually and in combination. The weed under study was first collected at MoreThe purpose of this study was to evaluate metabolites content (primary and secondary) and antioxidant activity of different organs of Ipomoea tricolor weed including stem, leaf, and fruit leaf, individually and in combination. The weed under study was first collected at fruit stage and divided into organs. Antioxidant activities of various organs of Ipomoea tricolor were measured according to the method of DPPH. Results showed that mixed organs of Ipomoea tricolor and then leaf had maximum total phenol contents in that order. In case of anthocyanins, the highest levels were obtained from leaf while the lowest content of both secondary metabolites were found in the stem. Results also showed that leaves had maximum soluble sugars and proline contents. Correlation coefficient of data showed a significant positive relationship between anthocyanin contents of various organs of Ipomoea tricolor and their soluble sugar and proline contents. According to the findings, content of protein and starch in various organs significantly decreased with an increase in the secondary metabolite contents of anthocyanins. Mean comparison of antioxidant activity of various organs of Ipomoea tricolor showed that leaf and fruit had the highest and lowest antioxidant activities for inhibiting free radicals, respectively. Regarding the effect of the type of Ipomoea tricolor weed organ on the quantity of metabolites especially secondary compounds like phenols and anthocyanins and also antioxidant activity, the plant, especially the leaves may be introduced as a notable candidate for oxidative decomposition of free radicals, improving the nutritional value of food, or as a natural herbicide due to its high biomass. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Evaluation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes based on some morphophysiological and biochemical indices
Nasim Ranjkesh Morteza Sam Darili Pouria Mazloum Amirabbas Mousavi Valiollah RameehRice is one of the most important food crop which is the staple food for more than half of the world population. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physical and chemical properties such as plant height, panicle length, number of effective tillers, total numbe MoreRice is one of the most important food crop which is the staple food for more than half of the world population. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physical and chemical properties such as plant height, panicle length, number of effective tillers, total number of grains, number of filled grains, number of unfilled grains, 1000-grain weight, biological yield, economic yield, harvest index, chlorophyll index, growth period, total Phenol (TP), antioxidant capacity based on 2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picryl Hydrazil (DPPH) with 30 rice genotypes in a randomized complete block design in the experimental field of Amol Rice Research Institute. Results showed that Amol 1 and Bijar rice varieties had significantly higher antioxidant activities and total phenolic than the other samples examined in this study, respectively. The highest total number of grains, number of filled grains and 1000-grain weight were observed in genotype IR56. The genotypes were grouped into five clusters based on agronomic traits using UPGMA method. The highest mean of yield was related to the fourth cluster and the lowest of this attribute was related to the fifth cluster. Principal components analysis (PCA) explained 79.01% of variation and economic yield, total number of grains, and number of filled grains played the main Experimental Field role. Two principal components accounted for 43% of the raw data of the yield-related traits. The results of this research indicated that use of economic yield, total number of grains, and number of filled grains could be applied as a breeding strategy to obtain high yield rice cultivars. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Evaluation of ecological requirements, Essential oil composition, total phenol and flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of Phlomis herba-venti in HezarJerib area of Behshahr
Isa Jafari Footami Mousa Akbarlo Masoumeh Mazandarani Mohammad Rahim ForoozehThe aim of this study is an investigation of most important ecological requirements, essential oil composition, total phenol, flavonoid and antioxidant activity of Phlomis herba-venti in HezarJerib area of Behshahr, Mazandaran province. Along with the review of floristi MoreThe aim of this study is an investigation of most important ecological requirements, essential oil composition, total phenol, flavonoid and antioxidant activity of Phlomis herba-venti in HezarJerib area of Behshahr, Mazandaran province. Along with the review of floristic list of species in the study area, the most important of ecological requirements, their Ethno pharmacology and phenology were recorded and studied. The aerial parts of plant in blooming were collected in June 2015 from Hezarjerib area ( 1000- 2000 m) . Five soil samples were taken to evaluate the physical and chemical properties of soil. Essential oil was obtained by water distillation method (Clevenger apparatus) and were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The ethanol extracts were obtained by percolation method. Total phenol (TP) and total flavonoids (TF) were measured by spectrophotometery and antioxidant activity was measured by scavenging free radicals of DPPH. Results were showed that the Phlomis herba-venti usually was grew wild in 2000 m region with average annual rainfall 383 mm, the average annual temperature 12.44 Co, organic matter percentage 5.06%, pH 7.53, EC 0.62 in and sandy loam soil . The plant vegetative growth in early May, flowers appeared in June and fruit disperse in late of September. Biological spectrum was showed that 47 genus and 55 species were grew wild in this region and the Phlomis herba-venti has been used as anti inflammation and anti infection in traditional medicine of this region. Germacrene-D (54.47%) and caryophyllene (15.81%) were the main essential oil component of this plant. Total phenol content (120.40 mg GAE g 01 DW) and total flavonoids content (3.2 mg QUE g 01 DW) were reported and the antioxidant activity were determined with IC50=3.9 ppm. So these results were confirmed the traditional uses of this plant in this area as an anti inflammation and anti infection. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Study of morphological diversity, total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity in different populations of Nepeta nuda and Nepeta crassifolia in habitats of Ardabil and East Azerbaijan provinces
Rasoul Narimani Mohammad Moghaddam Abdollah Ghasemi Pirbaloti Danial ShokouhiNepeta L., belongs to Lamiaceae family, is containing different annual and perennial species which are found in different parts of Asia, Europe and North Africa. In order to evaluate the morphological diversity, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity between 6 MoreNepeta L., belongs to Lamiaceae family, is containing different annual and perennial species which are found in different parts of Asia, Europe and North Africa. In order to evaluate the morphological diversity, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity between 6 populations of Nepeta nuda and Nepeta crassifolia, the aerial parts of these plants in flowering stages were collected in summer 2015 from Ardabil and east Azerbaijan provinces. The morphological traits included plant height, number of sub-branches, leaf length and width, number of nodes, inflorescence length, internode length and length of sub-branch were measured. Methanolic extract were obtained by maceration, phenolic content by Folin-Ciocalto method and antioxidant activity were measurement DPPH radical scavenging capacity method, respectively. The experiment was performed in a completely randomized design with 3 replications and the comparison of data average was done by LSD test at 5% probability level. Results were showed that the first population (Nepetacrassifolia - Razi) was superior in morphological characteristics compared to other populations of this species. The highest antioxidant activity (74.96%)and total phenolic content (9.88mg of gallic acid equivalents per gram of fresh weight), was obtained from the leaves and flowers of population 3 (Heyran), respectively. Maximum plant height, leaf length and width, number of nodes were observed in population 6 (Meshkin) of Nepeta nuda and also the highest antioxidant activity and total phenolic content were perceived in leaves of population 5 (Heris) and flowers of population 4 (Meshkin-Heris), respectively. Generally the most total phenolic content and antioxidant activity between two species were observed in population 3 (Heyran) which is belong to the Nepeta crassifolia. It seems that the height of sea level had significant effect on populations phenolic content and antioxidant activity. So the populations of 1 and 6, which both species were desirable at evaluated morphological traits so that these populations can be considered in breeding and domestication programs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Effect of two irrigation methods and two types of fertilizers on phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of Rosa damascene Mill. extract
Reza Dehghani Bidgoli Zahra Abdolahpoor Maryam AkhbariPhenolic compounds (flavonoids, tannins, and anthocyanins) are the most important natural antioxidants. Rosa damascene Mill. is one of the most natural medicine, which has been used in Iranian ancient and were cultivated traditionally in different parts of Iran. & MorePhenolic compounds (flavonoids, tannins, and anthocyanins) are the most important natural antioxidants. Rosa damascene Mill. is one of the most natural medicine, which has been used in Iranian ancient and were cultivated traditionally in different parts of Iran. The present study was conducted to investigate the quantitative and qualitative properties of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of Rosa damascene Mill. under the influence of two types of fertilizers (livestock manure and fertilizer), as well as two irrigation methods (flushing and dripping) in Kashan university (2015). The total phenolic, flavonoidal, alkaloids, tannin contents and the antioxidant activity were measured by spectrophotometer and DPPH methods, respectively, then all data were analyzed by using SPSS software version 19 and analysis of variance. The results of the phytochemical test confirmed the presence of secondary compounds such as tannin, anthocyanin and flavonoids, and the absence of alkaloids in the extract of this species. Also, the total flavonoid content in the sample used for chemical fertilizer was slightly higher than the other samples. The Livestock manure and flood irrigation treatments showed the highest and lowest phenolic compounds respectively and drip irrigation treatment had the most antioxidant properties. The results of this research were showed that the irrigation and nutrition can be controlled the production, quantity and quality of secondary compounds in plants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Aut ecology and phytochemical survey of Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. with ethnopharmacology and floristic spectrum of medicinal plants in Bovanlou region (Northern Khorasan province)
aazam ghaviandam bovanlo masoumeh MazandaraniThis study was in order to investigation of morphological, ecological requirement, phenology, ethnopharmacological information and phytochemical of Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. in northern Khorasan province (Bovanlou -1728 m), randomly. In many field observation, the i MoreThis study was in order to investigation of morphological, ecological requirement, phenology, ethnopharmacological information and phytochemical of Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. in northern Khorasan province (Bovanlou -1728 m), randomly. In many field observation, the important ecological , phonological parameters and the ethnopharmacological data were recorded . The aerial parts of plant in blooming were collected in July, 2013 and dried. The hydro alcoholic extract was obtained by maceration method. The amounts of total phenols and flavonoids were determined in three replicates by using the Folin–Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride colorimetric methods, respectively. The result were showed that the plant vegetative growth occurs in May, followed by flowering in the late June till the end of December. The seeds ripening is achieved during the late November. Based on a floristic study, 30 plant species from 29 genera were identified belonging to 17 families. The richest families were Asteraceae with 6 species (20%) and Lamiaceae with 4 species (13%), respectively. The highest proportion of life forms belonged to therophytes (43%) and geophytes (27%), respectively. Likewise, the highest proportion of chorotypes belonged mediterranean elements (40%), followed by to Irano-Touranian elements (36%). The ethnopharmacological survey were showed that it has been used traditionally as antiseptic and stimulating to treat of gastric ailments, fever few, common cold and digestive discomfort. According to results, TF and TP content of plant were 21.2 ± 0.19 mg QUE g-1 DW and 91 ± 0.06 mg GAE g-1 DW respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - The investigation of pretreatment irradiation power and time of microwave on total phenolic content, oxidative stability and the physicochemical properties of Cannabis oil
masoumeh moghimiIn this study, the effects of pretreatment irradiation power and time of microwave on total phenolic content , oxidative stability and the physicochemical properties of Cannabis oil, which included: extraction efficiency, acidity values, refractive and MoreIn this study, the effects of pretreatment irradiation power and time of microwave on total phenolic content , oxidative stability and the physicochemical properties of Cannabis oil, which included: extraction efficiency, acidity values, refractive and color index were studied by a completely randomized design in the form of 3×3 factorial experiment with three levels of applied microwave irradiation power (180, 540 and 900 W) and three microwave time levels (90, 180 and 270 seconds) and three replications. The hemp seeds were supplied from animal feed store in Gonbad kavous city in early spring of 2017 and oils were obtained by using spiral press .The SAS software was used for data analysis. The results were showed that with increasing microwave power, the oil extraction efficiency, acidity, color index, oxidative stability and total phenol increased significantly (p< 0.01). Increasing the microwave time also led to an increase in the oil extraction efficiency, acidity, density, oxidative stability and total phenol. The pretreatment microwave had no significant effect on the oil refractive index. The maximum oil extraction efficiency was obtained from seeds which had a microwave power and time of 900 watts and 270 seconds respectively. The maximum oxidative stability (9.33 hours) was achieved when the applied microwave power and time were at their maximized levels. Overall, regarding the achieved results it can be concluded that the use of microwave in order to treatment of hemp seeds before oil extraction by cold press can improve the oil extraction efficiency and increase phenolic compounds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Survey of Phytochemical, antioxidant and optimization of extraction methods for the best method determination of curcumin extraction from ethanol extracts of Curcuma longa L.
samaneh Noori Alireza Kiasat Maryam Kolahi Roya Mirzahani Sid Mansur Seyyed NezhadAccording to the World Health Organization (WHO), the medicinal plants are the best source to obtain a variety of drugs. Nowadays, thousands of plant metabolites are being successfully used for the treatment of a variety of diseases. Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), which h MoreAccording to the World Health Organization (WHO), the medicinal plants are the best source to obtain a variety of drugs. Nowadays, thousands of plant metabolites are being successfully used for the treatment of a variety of diseases. Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), which holds the unique characteristics of the health sector worldwide known as a functional food ingredient. In the present study, an effective ingredient in turmeric rhizome (curcumin) was extracted with ethanol as a solvent by three methods: maceration, ultra-sonic and Soxhlet; then, the yield of extracts from the three methods were calculated. The HPLC technique was used to determine the amount of derived curcumin. Furthermore, the amount of curcuminoids was obtained by thin layer of Chromatography (TLC). The total phenolic content was measured by Folin-ciocalteu reagent and the antioxidant properties was evaluated by DPPH method. The highest extraction yield was obtained from Soxhlettechnique. The results from HPLC were showed that the maximum amount of curcumin was obtained from maceration method. The thin Layer of Chromatography confirmed the presence of curcuminoids in three methods of extraction. The highest phenolic content was reported from maceration method. And the most antioxidant properties were obtained via maceration and ultrasonic extraction method. The conclusions present the importance of determination extraction method to isolate curcumin as a bioactive compound and its importance that is widely used in the treatment of many diseases as well as new drugs synthesized; moreover, the maceration extract is in priority in the maximum amount of curcuminoid, antioxidant and phenolic content. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Essential oil composition and antioxidant activity of Salvia officinalis L. and Achillea millefoliom L. from Kerman province
syed Mohammad Ali Vakili ShahrbabakiSalvia officinalis L. and Achillea millefoliom L. have been reported as an antioxidant, anti infection and anti inflammatory. In this study aerial parts of both of plants in blooming were collected in June 2014 (1700m) from their natural habitats in Kerman provinc MoreSalvia officinalis L. and Achillea millefoliom L. have been reported as an antioxidant, anti infection and anti inflammatory. In this study aerial parts of both of plants in blooming were collected in June 2014 (1700m) from their natural habitats in Kerman province. Essential oils were obtained by hydro-distillation (Clevenger apparatus) and were analyzed by GC/MS. Total phenol content was measured by Folin–Ciocalteau method and their antioxidant activity was measured by DPPH. Results were showed that the oil of Salvia officinalis L. had higher amount of phenolic compounds (1.8 mg E GA/ml) and antioxidant activity(99.48% radical scavenging). The camphor (33.6%), α-tujene (25.4%) and 1,8-cineole(13.8%) were the most components of S.officinalis L. essential oil, respectively and the 1,8-cineole (22.3%), carvacrol (15%) and γ-terpinene were the most components of A.millefolium L. These results were confirmed that the secondary metabolites of these plants possess antioxidant activity and could be used as a natural antioxidant ingredient in food and drug industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Variability in morphological traits, total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity in different populations of three specie of Prangos spp. collected from habitats of Fars and Kohklouye va Boyerahmad provinces
Peyman Azarkish Mohammad Moghaddam Abdollah Ghasemi Pirbalouti Fatimah KhakdanIn order to evaluate the morphological diversity, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity between 18 populations of Prangos acaulis, Prangos platychloena and Prangos ferulacea, the aerial parts of plants at flowering stages were collected from Fars and Kohklouye MoreIn order to evaluate the morphological diversity, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity between 18 populations of Prangos acaulis, Prangos platychloena and Prangos ferulacea, the aerial parts of plants at flowering stages were collected from Fars and Kohklouye va Boyerahmad provinces. To investigate the morphological traits, 10 plants selected in each habitat and 15 quantitative, 39 qualitative morphological and 8 habitats properties traits for each populations were investigated. Total phenolic content by Folin-Ciocalto and antioxidant activity using DPPH radical scavenging capacity method were measurement. The experiment was performed in a randomized complete block design and the comparison of data average was done by Duncan test at 1% probability level. The results showed that there was great diversity among populations. Cluster analysis divided populations into three groups. Results showed that population 14 from Prangos acaulis was superior in morphological characteristics compared to other populations of this species. The highest antioxidant activity (93.05%) and total phenolic content (8.84 mg GAE/g FW), was obtained from the populations 14 and 8, respectively. Also the highest antioxidant activity (92.72%) and total phenolic content (10.25 mg GAE/g FW)) in Prangos platychloena were obtained from populations 7 and 15, respectively. Generally the most total phenolic content and antioxidant activity between three species were observed in population 18 which is belong to the Prangos ferulacea. So the populations of 5, 6, 7, 8, 11 and 13 among three species studied were desirable at evaluated morphological traits so that these populations can be considered in breeding and domestication programs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - The effect of harvesting time on some phytochemical characteristics of artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) medicinal plant leaves
Marziyeh Allahdadi Laleh MosharrafArtichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) is a perennial plant that belongs to the Asteraceae family. It has a special place in the pharmaceutical and food industries all over the world. In order to evaluate some phytochemical characteristics of artichoke leaves at different growt MoreArtichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) is a perennial plant that belongs to the Asteraceae family. It has a special place in the pharmaceutical and food industries all over the world. In order to evaluate some phytochemical characteristics of artichoke leaves at different growth stages, an experiment was conducted by using a randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) with three replications in Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources center during two consecutive years (2014-2015 and 2015-2016). In the second year, the leaves were collected at three growth stages: vegetative, heading and flowering in the second year. After harvesting, some quality factors such as their total phenolic content (Folin–Ciocalteu method), total flavonoids (Colorimetric Method of Aluminum Chloride), chlorogenic acid content (HPLC method) and antioxidant activity (DPPH free radical scavenging activity and reducing power) were measured. The results showed that the phytochemical and antioxidant properties of artichoke leaves were different at the three growth stages. The highest amount of phenolic content (76.25 mg GAE g-1 DW), total flavonoid (1.28 mg QE g-1 DW), chlorogenic acid content (2.25 % DM), DPPH (92.34 %) and reducing power (2.16) of methanolic extract was observed in heading stage. There was a positive and significant correlation between total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. Also, the relationship between chlorogenic acid content and DPPH and reducing power was positive and significant. According to the results, the harvesting of artichoke leaves at the heading stage is better than other growth stages due to their favorable characteristics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Evaluation of foliar-applied salicylic acid effect on phytochemical traits of the alcoholic extract from different parts of Verbascum songaricum Schrenk.
Alireza Ghahramani Prof. Abdollah Ghasemi Pirbalouti hamid mozafari Davood Habibi behzad SaniVerbascum songaricum Schrenk. as a perennial herb belonging to the Scrophulariaceae family has good therapeutic properties. The application of bio-elicitors increases secondary metabolites in sustainable agricultural systems and the improvement of the quality of active MoreVerbascum songaricum Schrenk. as a perennial herb belonging to the Scrophulariaceae family has good therapeutic properties. The application of bio-elicitors increases secondary metabolites in sustainable agricultural systems and the improvement of the quality of active ingredients of medicinal plants. In order to evaluate the foliar-applied salicylic acid on phytochemical properties of the leaf and flower of mulch, the present study was done in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) at the field of research center for medicinal plants of Shahrekord during 2016 and 2017. Foliar application of salicylic acid at three levels (control, 0.5 and 1 mM /L) was applied on the flower in three replications in three growth stages of plant. Total phenol content (TPC) in the leaves and flowers was determined by spectrophotometric method and the phenolic acid amount was determined based on gallic acid and flavonoids (flavonol quercetin) in the extracts by HPLC. According to the results, the effect of salicylic acid on the TPC, phenolic acid and flavonoids in the flower (as the main part of plant) extract of the plant was significant. In conclusion, the foliar application of salicylic acid promotes of polyphenolic compounds by 26% in the amount of flavonoids (flavonol quercetin) in flowers and 20% in the amount of phenolic acids (gallic acid) in flowers of Verbascum songaricum. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Evaluation antioxidant activity and phytochemical constituents of the fruit of raspberry (Rubus ulmifolius sub sp. sanctus) collected from Khan-Daracy area of Orumieh
shirin Rahmanzadeh Ishkeh Mohammadreza asghari habib shirzad Abolfazl AlirezaluThe raspberry (Rubus ulmifolius subsp. Sanctus) is the perennial shrub in the genus Rubus of the Rosacea family. It is a medicinal and edible fruit throughout much of Khandaracy region of Urmia. Raspberry fruits are most important in food and medicinal sciences due to t MoreThe raspberry (Rubus ulmifolius subsp. Sanctus) is the perennial shrub in the genus Rubus of the Rosacea family. It is a medicinal and edible fruit throughout much of Khandaracy region of Urmia. Raspberry fruits are most important in food and medicinal sciences due to their excellent antioxidant activity and various flavonoids and proanthocyanin content. In this research, after harvesting fruits from the Khandaracy region of Urmia in the late summer, pH level by pH meter, organic acids by titration with 0.1 molar NaOH, Soluble solids using a refractometer, total phenolic content (by using Folin–Ciocalteu assays), total flavonoid content (aluminum chloride method), antioxidant capacity by two methods (DPPH and FRAP), total anthociyanin content (pH differential method), L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and (guaiacol peroxidase) G-POD enzymes were determined. The results showed that level pH, organic acids and soluble solids were respectively 3.13, 1.14, 12.6, also values of total phenol content, total flavonoid, antioxidant activity and total anthocyanin content were 26.44 mg GAE.ml-1 Extract, 1.99 mg Qu. ml-1 extract, 55.29 % and 63.78 cyanidin-3-glucoside ml-1 Extract respectively. The results of this study showed that raspberry fruit has high content of polyphenol compounds and has significant antioxidant activity, so it can be used in food and pharmaceutical industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Evaluation of the total phenolic and antioxidant activity of the 80 different populations belong to the Jashir genus (Prangos spp.)
Peyman Azarkish Mohammad Moghaddam Prof. Abdollah Ghasemi Pirbalouti Fatimah KhakdanJashir (Prangos spp.) is a medicinal plant and native plant to some parts of Iran that is used in traditional medicine in the treatment of many diseases. This study aimed to investigate the total phenol content and antioxidant activity of aerial parts of 80 populations MoreJashir (Prangos spp.) is a medicinal plant and native plant to some parts of Iran that is used in traditional medicine in the treatment of many diseases. This study aimed to investigate the total phenol content and antioxidant activity of aerial parts of 80 populations belonging to seven species P. hausslmechtii, P. lophoptera, P. corymbosa, P. uloptera, P. acaulis, P. platychlaena, and P. ferulacea at the flowering stage in spring and summer 2018 in six provinces of Lorestan, Isfahan, Fars, Khuzestan, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, and Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari as a randomized complete block design. Methanol extracts of plants were obtained by the maceration method. Total phenol content and antioxidant activity were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu and DPPH (1,1- diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) methods, respectively. ANOVA and Duncan's tests were used for statistical analysis. The results showed that there is a difference between populations and different species of Jashir genus in terms of total phenol content and antioxidant activity. The total phenol content of these extracts belonging to 80 populations was different and ranged from 17.59 to 1.76 mg gallic acid/g extract and their antioxidant activity ranged from 61.77 to 96.2%. The highest total phenol content and antioxidant activity were observed in populations 5 (P. acaulis) and 48 (P. platychloena), and the lowest amount obtained from populations 80 (P. platychloena) and 36 (P. platychloena). Among seven species of Prangos spp., the highest amount of total phenol content and antioxidant activity was found in P. uloptera and P. acaulis. Due to the high antioxidant properties of Prangos spp. and because of the possible carcinogenicity of synthetic antioxidants, different species of this genus especially P. uloptera and P. acaulis are suggested as suitable substitutes for preservatives. So they can be used as rich and accessible resources in the food and pharmaceutical industries Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Effect of different solvents on the extraction of phytochemical compounds of Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss)
Maryam Rahimi Javad Ali Soufiyan Zeynab Mohkami Ali Ali Ghorbani Ranjbari Fatemeh BidarnamaniNeem (Azadirachta indica) that belongs to the Meliaceae family has many medicinal properties such as treatment of skin diseases, hypoglycemia, hypertension, cancer, and AIDS. In this study, to investigate the effect of different solvents on the quantity and quality of p MoreNeem (Azadirachta indica) that belongs to the Meliaceae family has many medicinal properties such as treatment of skin diseases, hypoglycemia, hypertension, cancer, and AIDS. In this study, to investigate the effect of different solvents on the quantity and quality of phytochemical properties of neem collected from Bahoklat area in Chabahar city, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in 2021. Ethanol, methanolic, n-hexane and acetone extracts of neem leaves and fruits were prepared by cold maceration method. Total phenol content, total flavonoid and antioxidant activity were measured by folin-cicalto reagent, aluminum chloride colorimetric and diphenylpicrylhydrazyl free radical scaving (DPPH) methods, respectively. The results showed that the effect of organ type, solvent type and their interaction on all measured traits was significant. Based on the results, the highest amount of total phenol (48.22 mg Gallic acid / g dry weight) was reported in acetone leaf extract, and the lowest amount (2.76 mg Gallic acid / g dry weight) was reported in hexane extract of fruit. In addition, the highest amount of total flavonoids was observed in acetoin fruit and leaf extracts (4.71 and 4.61 mg Quercetin / g dry weight, respectively) and the lowest amount (3.22 mg quercetin / g dry weight) was obtained in the hexane extract of fruit. The highest and the lowest antioxidant activity was detected in ethanolic leaf extract (94.77%) and acetone extract of fruit (12.02%), respectively. Therefore, neem leaf is suggested as a useful source of phenolic compounds and natural antioxidants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Effect of silicon on some growth, physiological and phytochemical properties of Cannabis sativa L. in soil and soilless culture
Fatemeh Beheshti sarah khorasaninejadCannabis sativa L. is a promising product for the production of special herbal medicines. Silicon is also a very important element in improving plant performance in a variety of environmental conditions. Soilless culture systems are one of the most important technologie MoreCannabis sativa L. is a promising product for the production of special herbal medicines. Silicon is also a very important element in improving plant performance in a variety of environmental conditions. Soilless culture systems are one of the most important technologies in the world for adverse environmental environments. Based on a two-factor factorial in a completely randomized design with four silicon treatments with concentrations of zero, 0.75, 1.5 and 2.25 mmol and three replications in four culture media (soil and sand (soil derivatives), soil and vermicompost compost (soil derivatives), perlite (hydroponics), perlite and cocopeat (hydroponics) were applied. After vegetative growth is complete, growth, morphophysiological and phytochemical indices including root and shoot length (ruler), fresh weight of shoot and root, dry weight of shoot and root, relative leaf moisture (scales), leaf area (leaf surface), photosynthetic pigments and anthocyanins, sugar, phenol, flavonoids, antioxidant activity (spectrophotometer), some leaf and root elements (flame photometer) were measured. The results showed that the culture system had a significant effect on all measured traits (except flavonoids) and the application of silicon improved many phytochemical traits and yield components with concentrations of 1.5 and 2.25 in this plant. It is noteworthy that silicon in hydroponic systems improved the growth traits and absorption of elements, but in the culture medium of soil derivatives, increased the phytochemical traits of flavonoids and anthocyanins. The results can indicate that the use of hydroponic culture media increases the yield, while in soil media due to some limitations, especially the absorption of elements, non-enzymatic antioxidant compounds such as phenolic acid increase. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Effect of L-phenylalanine foliar application on the growth, morphophysiological and phytochemical characteristics of red or chili pepper (Capsicum anuum) under different irrigation treatments
Samira Asghari Lalemi Prof. Abdollah Ghasemi Pirbalouti Fariborz Moattar Faezeh RajabzadehThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of L-phenylalanine foliar application on morpho-physiological and phytochemical properties of red pepper under different irrigation treatments (type and amount) in the filed experimental at Goldaru Herbal Pharmaceutical C MoreThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of L-phenylalanine foliar application on morpho-physiological and phytochemical properties of red pepper under different irrigation treatments (type and amount) in the filed experimental at Goldaru Herbal Pharmaceutical Company, Isfahan as a split-split plot experimental in the randomized complete block design (RCBD) in 2018. Experimental factors included: moisture conditions (optimum and reduced irrigation), irrigation methods (drip and flood irrigation) and different levels of the foliar application (negative control; positive control or water as solvent; L-phenylalanine at 2000 and 4000 ppm). The results indicated that the highest the plant height was related to the application of 2000 ppm phenylalanine optimum irrigation (69.3 cm), the highest values of the fresh and dry fruit weights were related to 2000 ppm L-phenylalanine × reduced irrigation × drip irrigation (6.60 g/m2) and L-phenylalanine (at 2000 ppm) × optimum and reduced irrigation × drip irrigation (2.18 g/m2), respectively. Results of the biochemical traits showed that the highest degree of intensity was under L-phenylalanine (at 2000 ppm) × reduced irrigation × flood irrigation (449 g/m2). In addition, the maximum values of vitamin C and total phenol were related to the water foliar application × optimum and reduced irrigation conditions (0.82 and 0.72 mg/g dry weight) and the water foliar application × reduced irrigation × drip irrigation (2.15 mg GAE/ g dry weight), respectively. In general, the results of this study showed the negative effect of drought stress or reduced irrigation on the growth traits of red pepper, however, reduced irrigation enhanced the degree of intensity, vitamin C and total phenol. In conclusion, the foliar application of L-phenylalanine (at 2000 ppm) could improve the quality and reduced the negative effects reduced irrigation on the growth and yield of red pepper under arid and semiarid climate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Evaluation of Morphological and Pytochemical Traits of Different Cultivars of Momordica charantia L. for Adaptation to Climatic Conditions of Zanjan Province
Zeynab Mohkami Azizollah Kheiry Mohsen Sani Khani Abbas BahariMomordica charantia L. belongs to the Cucurbitaceae family and is native to the east-south of Asia. The fruits of this plant are used to treat diseases such as diabetes, high blood pressure, obesity, cancer, and AIDS. Momordicin and charantin, two triterpenoid com MoreMomordica charantia L. belongs to the Cucurbitaceae family and is native to the east-south of Asia. The fruits of this plant are used to treat diseases such as diabetes, high blood pressure, obesity, cancer, and AIDS. Momordicin and charantin, two triterpenoid compounds existing in this plant, have strong anti-diabetic properties. Considering the positive effects of this plant in the treatment of diabetes, and in order to evaluate the adaptability of different cultivars of this plant, this research was conducted in a randomized complete block design in 2018 at the agricultural farm of university of Zanjan. During the growing season, some morphological and phytochemical traits such as pigments, total phenol content (fullene-cicalto), total flavonoid (aluminum chloride colorimetry) and antioxidant activity (DPPH), methanolic fruit extract, carbohydrate (phenol method) Sulfuric acid, vitamin C (iodometric) and momordicin and quarantine (HPLC) were evaluated. Analysis of variance showed that Vijay cultivar had higher phenolic content (28.5 mg gallic acid / g dry weight) and antioxidant capacity (69.42%) in compare to other cultivars. Also, the highest and lowest amount of secondary metabolites of momordicin and quarantine were observed in Vijay cultivar (0.182 and 0.603 mg / g dry weight, respectively) and Hybrid Baby Doll cultivar (0/038 and 0/183 30 mg/g DW, respectively), respectively. On the other hand, the highest amount of vitamin C (2676 μg / 100 ml of fruit juice), total acidity (0.022%) and total soluble solids (Brix index 53.5) were found in Jounpouri cultivar. Therefore, Vijay cultivar, which had more ability to secondary metabolites accumulation, was the best identified cultivar for the active medicinal substances extraction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - The Effect of UV-C Radiation Compare to Pasteurization on the Qualitative and Microbial Properties in Red Grape Juice
Mohammad Goli Marzieh Taheri sharifeh ShahiThis study has investigated the effect of UV-C radiation at doses of 8, 15 and 30 W compare to pasteurization (LTLT) on turbidity and total phenol content changes of red grape juice immediately after processing, and some chemical (pH, acidity, ascorbic acid, anthocyanin MoreThis study has investigated the effect of UV-C radiation at doses of 8, 15 and 30 W compare to pasteurization (LTLT) on turbidity and total phenol content changes of red grape juice immediately after processing, and some chemical (pH, acidity, ascorbic acid, anthocyanins, antioxidant capacity, and color), and microbial (mold and yeast) properties during the period of 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days of storage at room temperature. Eleven treatments were given, including UV-C treatments at 2, 6, and 10 minutes, as well as dosages of 8, 15, and 30 watts, with a control and a pasteurized grape juice sample. The results showed that overtime in during storage, the Brix values decreased, and also the irradiated samples at a dose of 30 W for 2 and 6 min showed the lowest Brix values. When compared to shorter irradiation intervals, irradiating grape juice for 10 minutes reduced acidity and increased pH. Irradiated grape juice had higher ascorbic acid, anthocyanin, total phenol, and antioxidant activity compared to pasteurized samples. Irradiated samples showed higher antioxidant activity at the end of the storage period compared to other treatments. UV-C radiation compare to pasteurization was able to prevent the turbidity and color changes in red grape juice. In terms of quality and microbiological features, 30 watt treatments for 6 and 10 minutes were favored above other treatments. Overall, UV-C radiation as a suitable alternative to the usual pasteurization led to better preservation of the qualitative and microbial properties of red grape juice. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Investigating the effect of atmospheric pressure cold plasma on oxidation indices and microbial quality of red pepper
Samaneh Khodabandeh shahraki Mohammad Goli Sharifeh ShahiSpices are popular worldwide for increasing appetite and adding flavor and color to food, but they also carry a high microbial load. Cold plasma is a non-thermal technology and a suitable alternative to the conventional thermal methods used in the food industry, which, MoreSpices are popular worldwide for increasing appetite and adding flavor and color to food, but they also carry a high microbial load. Cold plasma is a non-thermal technology and a suitable alternative to the conventional thermal methods used in the food industry, which, with its antimicrobial properties, increases the shelf life of food without negatively affecting its quality. The purpose of this research was to investigate some qualitative and microbial properties of red pepper by a cold plasma method. The results showed that the plasma voltage had a greater effect on improving and maintaining the total phenolic content of red pepper than the duration of irradiation, so the use of cold plasma treatment with medium voltage (16.66 kV) increased the total phenolic content of red pepper compared to the voltages lower and higher were superior. The acid value, peroxide value, thiobarbituric acid, and anisidine index of the treatments were significantly higher than the control sample (p<0.05), and the control sample had the lowest oxidation indices. The total count of microorganisms, Staphylococcus aureus, and E. coli in the treated samples was significantly less than the control sample (p<0.05). According to the obtained results, the cold plasma method is suggested for food processing because it can maintain the quality of food at an acceptable level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - بررسی محتوای فنلی، فلاونوئیدی و توانایی آنتی اکسیدانی برگ، گل، دانه و اسانس گیاه دارویی اسطوخودوس Lavandula officinalis در مقایسه با آنتی اکسیدان های سنتزی
شاهین مردانی نژادBackground & Aim: Lavandula officinalis is one of great importance due to its aromatic compounds and medicinal uses but not many studies have been done on the antioxidant power of different plant organs.Experimental: Antioxidant ability of Lavender leaves, flowers, MoreBackground & Aim: Lavandula officinalis is one of great importance due to its aromatic compounds and medicinal uses but not many studies have been done on the antioxidant power of different plant organs.Experimental: Antioxidant ability of Lavender leaves, flowers, seeds and essential oil based on inhibition of free radicals and nitric oxide, inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidation by ferric thiocyanate and inhibition of malondialdehyde by thiobarbituric acid in compare with synthetic antioxidants Butyl Hydroxy Toluene (BHT) and Butyl Hydroxy Anisole (BHA) were measured.Results: The phenolic and flavonoid content of the leaf was 96.49±6.35 (µg gallic acid per mg dry weight of the extract) and 39.97±3.36 (µg of catechins per mg dry weight of the extract) respectively, more than other samples. In the study of antioxidant power, plant leaf extract with 48.66±5.5 μg was able to inhibit 50% of DPPH radicals, which had a weaker ability than synthetic antioxidants. The leaf extract of the plant had a higher ability than the synthetic antioxidant BHA to inhibit nitric oxide radicals and its ability was as high as BHT. The ability to inhibit the linoleic acid peroxidation of leaf and flower extracts at the beginning of the functional test showed similar BHT and BHA, at the end, the ability of leaf extract was stronger than BHA and weaker than BHT. The inhibitory potential of malondialdehyde leaf extract (82.66±1.5%) was better than BHA and weaker than BHT. Pearson correlation coefficients between phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of samples were high. Examination of leaf essential oil using GC-MS technique showed the presence of phenolic compounds in the plant.Recommended applications/industries: Due to the dangers of synthetic antioxidants in the food industry, the results of this study could introduce another application of this plant in terms of strong antioxidant properties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - ارزیابی مقایسه ای روشهای مختلف استخراج برای سنجش فیتوشیمیایی و فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی ریشه های Valeriana officinalis
الناز حسینی نیا سیمین عربی ملک حکمتیBackground & Aim:Medicinal plants are rich sources of substances with nutraceutical and health benefits. Valeriana officinalis L. (Valerianaceae) is a known medicinal plant used in traditional medicine throughout the world. The present study aimed to MoreBackground & Aim:Medicinal plants are rich sources of substances with nutraceutical and health benefits. Valeriana officinalis L. (Valerianaceae) is a known medicinal plant used in traditional medicine throughout the world. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficiencies of three methods for antioxidant extraction from Valeriana officinalis, and the impact of extraction methods on total phenollic and flavonoids contents and antioxidant activities of valeriana root was studied. Experimental: The dried-root was extracted by three different methods including maceration, ultrasonic assisted, and Soxhlet assisted extraction. Antioxidant capacity of the extracts was assessed using DPPH and nitric oxide (NO) free radicals scavenging, reducing power and iron chelating activity. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were also identified. Results: The ultrasonic extract showed the highest amount of total phenolics and flavonoids contents. In DPPH radical scavenging activity and reducing power assay, the ultrasonic assisted extract, (IC50=0.546 mg/ml) showed higher activity than the other extracts. In DPPH radical scavenging activity, IC50 for ultrasonic extract, soxhlet assisted extraction and maceration extract were 0.546, 0.816 and 0.678 mg/ml, respectively. The results clearly showed that the extraction methods used in this study significantly affected antioxidant capacities and total phenolic and flavonoids contents. It was found that ultrasonic assisted extraction and Soxhlet methods are more efficient in extraction of antioxidant components from Valeriana officinalis L. Recommended applications/industries: Considering result of study, it can be inferred that the herb may be a good source of bioactive compounds and can work as an antioxidant to prevent the oxidative deteriorative activity of food materials. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - تاثیر روشهای مختلف خشک کردن بر کمیت و کیفیت مواد موثره سرخارگل
طالب قبائی سمیه نظیرزاده حسن نورافکنمقدمه و هدف: جنس اکیناسه که معمولا با نام سرخارگل بنفش شناخته می شود یک گیاه دارویی مهم است که قرن ها به طور معمول به عنوان درمان سرماخوردگی، سرفه، برونشیت، عفونت های تنفسی فوقانی و برخی التهابات مورد استفاده قرار میگیرد. این مطالعه به منظور بررسی اثر شش روش مختلف خشک ک Moreمقدمه و هدف: جنس اکیناسه که معمولا با نام سرخارگل بنفش شناخته می شود یک گیاه دارویی مهم است که قرن ها به طور معمول به عنوان درمان سرماخوردگی، سرفه، برونشیت، عفونت های تنفسی فوقانی و برخی التهابات مورد استفاده قرار میگیرد. این مطالعه به منظور بررسی اثر شش روش مختلف خشک کردن برای به دست آوردن بیشترین ماده موثره انجام شد.روش تحقیق: برای تعیین تاثیر روش های خشک شدن بر میزان و کیفیت مواد موثره، نمونه ها در شش روش خشک کردن (خورشید، سایه، گلخانه و خشک کردن صنعتی در دمای 50 درجه سلسیوس، 60 درجه سانتی گراد و 80 درجه سانتی گراد) خشک شدند. مواد مؤثره نمونه ها با روش اولترا سونیک با امواج مافوق صوت استخراج گردیده و مقادیر مشتقات کافئیک اسید ، آلکامیدها (8 و 9) با استفاده از دستگاه کروماتوگرافی مایع با کارایی بالا و مقدار ترکیبات فنل کل گیاه با دستگاه اسپکتروفتومتری اندازه گیری شدند. نتایج و بحث: نتایج نشان داد که نمونه های خشک شده در گلخانه با پوشش پلاستیکی دارای بیشترین مقادیر کلروژنیک اسید (3.180 میلیگرم بر گرم در ماده خشک)، اکیناکوزید ( 4.29 میلیگرم بر گرم در ماده خشک)، سیناریک اسید ( 1.55 میلیگرم بر گرم در ماده خشک) و محتوای فنل کل (363 میلیگرم بر گرم در ماده خشک) میباشند. همچنین نمونه های خشک شده در سایه دارای بالاترین مقادیر کافتاریک اسید (25.8 میلیگرم بر گرم در ماده خشک)، شیکوریک اسید (36.57 میلیگرم بر گرم در ماده خشک) و آلکامیدها (361.1 میکروگرم بر گرم در ماده خشک ) میباشند.توصیه کاربردی: به طور کلی با توجه به نتایج این تحقیق میتوان اظهار نمود که خشک کردن با استفاده از گلخانه با پوشش پلاستیکی و خشک کردن در سایه برای بدست آوردن بالاترین مقدار ترکیبات مواد مؤثره در سرخارگل مناسب می باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - بررسی تنوع ناحیه ای در کلکسیون عناب ایرانی بر اساس ظرفیت پاداکسایشی و ویژگیهای فنلیک
علی عزیزی مریم پیربداقیمقدمه و هدف: میوه های گیاه عناب(Ziziphus jujuba) دارای ویژگیهای سلامتی بخش و خواص دارویی است. استفاده از عناب به عنوان یک گیاه دارویی برای درمان برخی بیماریها در طب سنتی ایرانی تاریخ دیرینه ای دارد. در این پژوهش تنوع میان 29 نمونه ثبت شده از هفت استان موجود د Moreمقدمه و هدف: میوه های گیاه عناب(Ziziphus jujuba) دارای ویژگیهای سلامتی بخش و خواص دارویی است. استفاده از عناب به عنوان یک گیاه دارویی برای درمان برخی بیماریها در طب سنتی ایرانی تاریخ دیرینه ای دارد. در این پژوهش تنوع میان 29 نمونه ثبت شده از هفت استان موجود در کلکسیون عناب ایران بر اساس ویژگیهایی شامل ظرفیت پاداکسایشی، محتوای فنل کل، فلاونوئید و آنتوسیانین کل مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. روش تحقیق: عصاره گیری از میوه های عناب با استفاده از متانل (85%) انجام شد. آنالیز DPPH جهت اندازه گیری ظرفیت پاداکسایشی مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. جهت سنجش میزان فنل کل، روش مبتنی بر فولین سیکالتیو به کار رفت و مقدار فلاونوئید کل بر اساس روش رنگ سنجی کلرید آلومنیوم تعیین شد. برای اندازه گیری محتوای آنتوسیانین کل از روش ضریب تغییر اسیدیته استفاده شد. نتایج و بحث: نتایج آنالیز واریانس نشان داد که نمونه های گیاهی از عناب های مورد آزمایش، یک تفاوت و گوناگونی بالایی(با سطح احتمال ا%) در تمامی صفات فیتوشیمیایی اندازه گیری شده دارند. آنالیز تجزیه به مولفه های اصلی(PCA) بر اساس چهار ویژگی مذکور این تنوع گسترده را تایید کرد و همچنین نمونه های گیاهی را به سه گروه مجزا تفکیک نمود. نمونه گیاهی حمیدآباد ساری (مازندران)، بیاضیه (اصفهان) و کوهپایه 2 (اصفهان) به ترتیب در ویژگیهای محتوای فنل کل، فلاونوئید و آنتوسیانین کل نسبت به بقیه گیاهان برتری داشتند. از طرف دیگر نمونه اردستان (اصفهان)، قاضی اولیا (قم) و مارون (قم) ظرفیت پاداکسایشی بالا داشتند. رابطه همبستگی معنی داری بین محتوای فنل کل و ظرفیت پاداکسایشی یافت نشد. توصیه کاربردی- صنعتی: یافته های این پژوهش نشان داد که ژنوتیپ و مکان رویش عناب تاثیر زیادی بر پتانسیل پاداکسایشی و ویژگیهای فنلیک آن دارد. آگاهی از تنوع یافت شده در این پژوهش، می تواند در بهره برداری بهتر این گیاه در داروسازی و هدایت بهتر برنامه های بهنژادی عناب کمک نماید. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - ترکیب شیمیایی و فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی گونه .Acorus calamus L از ارتفاعات مختلف اوتاراکند هیمالیا
آرکانا پارکی پینکی کوبی ام پراکاش راوندرا کومار آنیل پانتBackground & Aim: Acorus calamus L. (Araceae) is an herb traditionally used in Indian and Chinees system of medicine. It is a perennial herb with long, cylindrical scented rhizomes which are creeping and extensively branched with the thickness up to 2.5 cm. Th MoreBackground & Aim: Acorus calamus L. (Araceae) is an herb traditionally used in Indian and Chinees system of medicine. It is a perennial herb with long, cylindrical scented rhizomes which are creeping and extensively branched with the thickness up to 2.5 cm. The rhizomes are whitish internally and brownish externally in appearance. It is vernacularly known as Bach in India. The present investigation reveals the phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of the rhizome and leaves methanolic extracts of A calamus from three different altitudes of Uttarakhand. Experimental: The extracts compositions of Acorus calamus rhizomes and leaves collected from three different altitudes of Uttarakhand Himalayas, India. The yield of extracts ranged from 0.3- 4.8% w/v, were analyzed by GC/MS and in-vitro antioxidant assay were done by different methods. Results: Over 65 contributing 80.90-90.55 % in different extracts among all the accessions were identified. The major compounds identified were β-asarone (44.9-51.9%), shyobunone (1.1%- 5.3%), Z-methyl isoeugenol (0.1%-2.4%), leinoleic acid (6.4%-18.9%), α-asarone(0.1%-4.6%) and Z-isoelemicin (2.2%-15.8%). The amount of phenolics in rhizome extracts, ranged from 4.10 mg-4.80 mg GAE/g respectively, whereas in leaf extracts the amounts were 2.40-3.26mg GAE/g respectively. All the extracts exhibited good in vitro antioxidant activity with the IC50 values ranging from 0.3- 4.8 % w/v determined by different methods compared to standard antioxidant. Recommended applications/industries: Based on above observations it can be inferred that the herb may be a good source of bioactive compounds and can work as an antioxidant to prevent the oxidative deteriorative activity of food materials beside generation of database for its scientific and judicious in-situ exploitation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Effect of organic and chemical fertilizers on morpho-physiological and biochemical properties of ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi L.)
Sharareh Najafian Shahnaz Fathi -
Open Access Article
52 - The comparative study of the antioxidant activity of aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of an Iranian endemic species Rhabdosciadium aucheri Boiss.
Yasaman Azimi Seyyedeh Mahdokht Maddah Golaleh Mostafavi -
Open Access Article
53 - Studying the Efficiency of Suaeda Maritima (L.) Dumort in Phytoremediation of Saline Soil
Mohamed Abd El-Maboud Walaa Elshalakani -
Open Access Article
54 - The effects of organic and chemical fertilizers on some morphological and physiological traits of Petroselinum crispum
lamia Vojodi MehrabaniIn order to study the effects of different levels (control, 5 and 10 ton/ha) of organic fertilizers vermicompost and poultrary mannur and different levels of chemical fertilizer (KNO3 and CaNO3) (0, 50 and 100 kg/ha) on nitrate accumulation and some growth and physiolog MoreIn order to study the effects of different levels (control, 5 and 10 ton/ha) of organic fertilizers vermicompost and poultrary mannur and different levels of chemical fertilizer (KNO3 and CaNO3) (0, 50 and 100 kg/ha) on nitrate accumulation and some growth and physiological characteristics of Petroselinum crispum, an experiment was conducted as Factorial based on Completely Randomized Block Design with three replication. The results showed that total nitrogen content in plant was influenced by interaction effects of experimental treatments and the highest amounts of nitrogen contents were recorded at vermicompost10 ton/ha × KNO3 100kg/ha and poultrary mannur10 ton/ha × KNO3 100kg/ha. Different levels of chemical and organic fertilizer had positive effects on total chlorophyll content, ascorbic acid and flavonoid content. The highest amounts of aerial part dry weights were recorded at 5 and 10 ton/ha of vermicompost fertilizer. Poultrary mannur 5 and 10 ton/ha were increased total soluble solid, phenolic and nitrate content in plants compared to control treatment. Also the highest amounts of total soluble solid content and nitrate content were recorded at KNO3 50 and 100kg/ha. 50 and 100 kg/ha KNO3 and CaNO3 was increased total phenolic content in plant. Organic fertilizers had positive effects on K and Ca content. KNO3 100kg/ha improved K content and CaNO3 50 and 100kg/ha increased Ca content in plant. Dueto the positive effects of organic fertilizers in vegetable growth and less harmful environmental effects, it seems that integrated use of organicand chemical fertilizers had positive effects on sustainable and healthy vegetable production. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - The effect of salicylic acid, glycine betaine and gamma amino butyric acid foliar spray on Carla antioxidant activity under water deficit stress
Afsoon Rezaie Alulu Azizollah Kheiry Mohsen Sanikhani Masoud ArghavaniIn order to evaluate the effect of salicylic acid, glycine betaine and gamma_ aminobutyric acid foliar spray on anti-oxidant activity of enzymes and non-enzymatic agents of Carla (Momordica charantia L.) under water deficit stress, an experiment was conducted as split p MoreIn order to evaluate the effect of salicylic acid, glycine betaine and gamma_ aminobutyric acid foliar spray on anti-oxidant activity of enzymes and non-enzymatic agents of Carla (Momordica charantia L.) under water deficit stress, an experiment was conducted as split plots based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications at Research Farm University of Zanjan during 2017. The treatments consisted of three levels of irrigation (50, 75 and 100% field capacity) as the main plots and two levels of salicylic acid (2 and 4 mM), glycine betaine (50 and 100 mM), and gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) (10 and 20 mM) plus control were used as sub plots. Based on the results, increasing of water deficit stress, significantly increased the activity of catalase, peroxidase and antioxidant activity of leaf, as well as total phenol and flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of fruit, but the amount of vitamin C decreased. The interaction of irrigation regimes with experimental treatments caused a significant increase in measured traits. The highest level of leaf and fruit antioxidant activity was obtained using 4 mM salicylic acid and 100 mM glycine, respectively, in 75% field capacity. Considering that in this study, plants treated with salicylic acid, glycine betaine and GABA in different irrigation regimes had higher enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activity than control plants, therefore it seems that application of these materials can be effective in producing Carla under water deficit stress resistance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Investigating the effect of water stress and plant density on some physiological characteristics and water use efficiency in two ecotypes of Thymbra spicata L
فاطمه ملک ملکی Nosrat Abbasi Ebraim Sharifi Ashoorabadi, Mohammad Javad ZareThe present study aims to investigate the changes in some physiological characteristics and water use efficiency of two ecotypes of Thymbra spicata L. in response to changes in water stress and plant density. For this purpose, an experiment was carried out as a split fa MoreThe present study aims to investigate the changes in some physiological characteristics and water use efficiency of two ecotypes of Thymbra spicata L. in response to changes in water stress and plant density. For this purpose, an experiment was carried out as a split factorial based on the randomized complete block design with three replications in two growing seasons (2016 and 2017). The highest content of chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b was observed in the treatments of non-stress and mild stress and at a density of 6 and 8 plants per m2. The highest content of total chlorophyll was observed in the treatment of non-stress and mild stress and at a density of 8 plants per m2 during the first year of the experiment. Increased plant density and intensity of water stress led to a decrease in the content of photosynthetic pigments. The highest content of carotenoids was observed at the treatment of mild water stress and a density of 8 and 12 plants m2 during the first year of the experiment. The highest content of anthocyanins was observed at the treatment of mild water stress and a density of 8 plants per m2. The highest content of total phenol and flavonoids was observed at the treatment of severe water stress and a density of 12 plants per m2. Finally, the highest amount of proline in the plant was observed in the second year of the experiment at the treatment of severe water stress and a density of 12 plants per m2. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Optimizing the Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Pistachio Hulls
Najmeh Pakdaman Rosa Dargahi Marieh Nadi Amanollah Javanshah Ahmad Shakerardekani Najmeh Saberi -
Open Access Article
58 - Effects of Pre-germination Treatment on the Phytate and Phenolic Contents of Almond Nuts
Liang Lin Lin Freda Xin You Giam Xin Min Foo Nadia Marie Hui Lian Yeo Charlene Jia Ling Koh Nur Hatika Binte Sa’Aban Wai Mun Loke -
Open Access Article
59 - Contents of Aerial Parts of Salvia leriifolia Benth
Zahra Hosseinpoor Mohsen Abadi Behnam Mahdavi Esmaeil Rezaei-Seresht -
Open Access Article
60 - Effects of Pre-harvest Salicylic Acid Treatment on the Post-harvest Quality of Peach Cultivar Robin
Ramin Salyari Esmaeil Seifi Feryal Varasteh Mahdi Alizadeh -
Open Access Article
61 - Study of biochemical diversity between landraces of Allium sativum in different regions of Hamadan province
Leila Akbari Mehdi KakaeiThis research aimed to determine the diversity and identify some biochemical parameters among different garlic cultivars. A factorial experiment with a completely randomized design and three replications was carried out in the central laboratory of Razi University in 20 MoreThis research aimed to determine the diversity and identify some biochemical parameters among different garlic cultivars. A factorial experiment with a completely randomized design and three replications was carried out in the central laboratory of Razi University in 2024 to group six ecotypes from different parts of Hamedan province based on their place of growth and determine their biochemical traits. The results of variance analysis of the studied traits showed a significant difference between the ecotypes in the traits of total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, soluble sugar, flavonoid, and the two leaf and seed samples. The results of examining the interaction effect of ecotype in the samples indicated the significance of the total phenol content index among ecotypes. The ecotypes were grouped based on the cluster diagram and decomposition into main components, and they were placed in similar groups in terms of their biochemical traits. Considering the geographical conditions of the samples and their presence in the same geographic latitudes, the difference between the samples may be attributed to the difference between the genotypes of the ecotypes. There was a positive and significant correlation between chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll. There was also a positive and significant correlation between phenol and flavonoid content. Based on the traits studied, Asad-abad and then Bahar-2 ecotypes can be introduced as desirable examples in clinical studies and can also be used for breeding programs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Simultaneous optimization of extraction of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of Ammi visnaga (L.) Lam aerial parts using response surface methodology
Zineb El Jabboury Smail Aazza Driss Ousaaid Oumaima Chater Uroš Gašić Peđa Janaćković Zora Dajic Stevanovic Stefan Kolašinac Meryem Benjelloun Lahsen El GhadraouiIn this report, different extracts from the aerial parts of Ammi visnaga (L.), e.g., flowers, leaves, and stems were prepared using water, methanol, and ethanol. To optimize the extraction process, the design of mixtures was carried out using different extracting solven MoreIn this report, different extracts from the aerial parts of Ammi visnaga (L.), e.g., flowers, leaves, and stems were prepared using water, methanol, and ethanol. To optimize the extraction process, the design of mixtures was carried out using different extracting solvents and their combinations. The special cubic model explained the variance of the TPC and the antioxidant activity of the extracts at a level of R2 > 95%. In general, the analysis of the model-derived response surfaces revealed that in binary mixtures (50% ethanol + 50% methanol), the yielded values of phenolic compounds and the antioxidant activity increase with the water proportion of different prepared mixtures. The ability of the quaternary mixture to extract the phenolic compounds was also positively and significantly influenced by the water content, creating a mild polar medium for the extraction of phenolic compounds. The phenolic profile of different extracts under study revealed the presence of a cocktail of active ingredients, including chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, rutin, p-coumaric acid, etc. especially the flower extract of A. visnaga (L.). Manuscript profile
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