Parenting Style

Open Access Article

1 - A Model for Strategic Parenting in Iran Khodro
P. Jafari P. Parsa

The purpose of this study is to develop a model for strategic parenting in Iran Khodro. The followingobjects are considered:to recognize the specifications of strategic holding-parenting style in the world;A- to determine the existing situation of Iran Khodro Group from More

The purpose of this study is to develop a model for strategic parenting in Iran Khodro. The followingobjects are considered:to recognize the specifications of strategic holding-parenting style in the world;A- to determine the existing situation of Iran Khodro Group from a holding–parenting style point ofview; and to present a suitable model for the Iran Khodro strategic parenting style.Most existing research employs a descriptive measurement. Library studying, semi-structured verbalinterviews, and two ascertained questionnaires were used for the present reserach. thirty literaturereview reveals three distinguished characteristics of the strategic holding-parenting style.Semi-structured interviews were done for 13 persons in order to understand the present situation ofIran Khodro Industrial Group and to compare it with the characteristics depicted in the literature. Theresults indicate that six characteristics are considered in Iran Khodro. A first questionnaire wasprepared to understand the conceptual framework of model and the proposed duties; as a result, 16duties were determined and approved by experts. A second questionnaire was prepared to ensure thesuitability of the proposed model; university professors' opinions were polled in the holding office. Toanalyze the data from the questionnaires, descriptive and deductive statistics such as figuresupposition, multi-variable statistical analyzing, abundance calculation, percentage, cause analyzing,and MPL were utilized. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - The Relationship Between Parenting Styles and Aggression and Anxiety of Pre-school Children, (Case Study of Pre-school Children in Fardis of Karaj)
Bahareh Nasiri Zeynab mohammadzadeh

The aim of the current study was to identify the relation between parental styles and aggression and anxiety of pre-school children in Alborz province, Fardis city. The sample comprised 60 children,studying in pre-school grade,with their mothers and teachers. Applied to More

The aim of the current study was to identify the relation between parental styles and aggression and anxiety of pre-school children in Alborz province, Fardis city. The sample comprised 60 children,studying in pre-school grade,with their mothers and teachers. Applied tools included Bamurind's Parenting Style, Vahedi's children Aggression , and Spence's Children Anxiety Questionnaires. The data were analyzed using SPPS 21 and LISREL8. 8software. To examine the effects of predicting variables on independent variable, step-by-step regression was used. Significance levels for investigating the hypothesis were considered a=0.01and a=0.05. Results showed that indulgent style, with direction coefficient of -0.19, predicated aggression, while, authoritative style, with direction coefficient of 0.25, could predict anxiety. These findings confirmed the study hypothesizes. In other words, a relationship was revealed between parenting styles and aggression and anxiety of pre-school children. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - The Role of Self-efficacy, Emotional Intelligence and Parenting Styles in Anticipating Academic Achievement Motivation of High School Females
Nayere Parishany Sohrab Abdi Zarrin

The purpose of the study was to explore the role of self-efficacy, emotional intelligence and parenting styles in predicting academic achievement motivation of high school female students. The research was descriptive and correlational. The population consisted of all h More

The purpose of the study was to explore the role of self-efficacy, emotional intelligence and parenting styles in predicting academic achievement motivation of high school female students. The research was descriptive and correlational. The population consisted of all high school girls in Isfahan. The sample under scrutiny was 200 female high school students, chosen randomly using a cluster-multiphasic method from among 2 high schools in educational districts 4 and 5 in Isfahan. The questionnaires for self-efficacy (sherer et al, 1982), emotional intelligence (Petrides & Furnham, 2002) and academic development motivation (Vallerand & Bissonnette, 1992) were completed by the students and parenting styles (Baumrind, 1988) questionnaire was completed by their mothers. A stepwise regression analysis and a correlation test were employed in data analysis. The results showed that from individual and family factors the authoritative style, self-efficacy and emotional intelligence were significant predictores of academic development motivation (ρ<0.01). Meanwhile, authoritarian and permissive styles did not have significant predictive role in academic achievement motivation. The results, generally, show that parenting styles, self-efficacy and emotional intelligence can affect the academic performance of students. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Modeling the Causal Relationships Between Parenting style and communication pattern Family, Commitment School and Self-esteem on Potential to Addiction among Secondary school Girls in Abadan
شهلا ذهبیون محبوبه سادات حسینی سلطان نصیر

This study aimed to investigate the causal relationships between family, school and self-esteem on potential to addiction among first grade high school female students In the academic year 93-1392. Research statistical population was consisted of female students in Abad More

This study aimed to investigate the causal relationships between family, school and self-esteem on potential to addiction among first grade high school female students In the academic year 93-1392. Research statistical population was consisted of female students in Abadan high schools which among them 518 persons were selected multi-stage cluster sampling method as a sample. The instruments consisted of 5 questionnaires Potential to addiction Zargar (2006), Perceived parenting styles ((EMBU-S Dirik, Yorulmaz & Karanci (2014), Patterns of family communication Fitzpatrich & Ritchie (1994), Self-esteem Rosenberg (1965) and Commitment to school Mohammad khani (2007). SPSS and AMOS software were used for path analysis to assess the causal modeling. The results showed that there was a direct relationship < /font> between the components of the parenting style of warmth, overprotection and rejection with potential to addiction. In addition, conversation of the family communication patterns have direct and conformity have indirect relationship < /font> with potential to addiction. As well, There was direct and indirect relationships between school's commitment with potential so as to addiction. According to the results, designed preventive interventions can prevent potential to addiction to improve relations among family and adolescents and to strengthen the emotional bond between parents and adolescents and to create belonging and commitment to school in adolescents. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Effectiveness of Teaching Problem-Solving Skills on Parental Stress and Parenting Style
Mohsen Shokoohi-Yekta Akram Parand Saeed Akbari Zardkhaneh

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of teaching problem-solving skills on reducing parental stresses and parenting style. The study used quasi experimental method with single group, pre-test, post-test design. Statistical population includ More

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of teaching problem-solving skills on reducing parental stresses and parenting style. The study used quasi experimental method with single group, pre-test, post-test design. Statistical population included all the parents of students in non-profit schools in Tehran which 33 parents were selected by available sampling method. Instruments included two questionnaires, level of parental stresses (Shokoohi-Yekta and Parand, 2006) and parenting styles stresses (Shokoohi-Yekta and Parand, 2006). Parents participated in the Raising a Thinking Child Workshop. In this workshop, parents learned problem solving strategies to change their cognitive processes when they encounter challenging behaviors of their children and to respond appropriately to them. Workshop consisted of 10 sessions, each two hours per week. Participants completed the instruments in pretest (start of the training) and post test (end of the training) stages. The results of analysis of multi variance (P < 0.05, η2=0.55) showed that training significantly improved three parenting styles: Punishment, Suggestion without explanation, and Problem Solving. Therefore it was concluded that teaching problem solving to parents can be applied as a way of improving their parenting style. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Career Indecision in Boys: The Role of Individual Factors and Parenting Styles
Nayere Parishany Parisa Nilforooshan

The purpose of this study was to explore the role of parenting styles, career decision making self-efficacy, and emotional intelligence on male young adults’ career indecision. The research used correlational design. The statistical population involved all boy studen More

The purpose of this study was to explore the role of parenting styles, career decision making self-efficacy, and emotional intelligence on male young adults’ career indecision. The research used correlational design. The statistical population involved all boy students studying in high schools of Isfahan city. Using multi-stage cluster sampling, 200 students selected randomly, from 4 high schools located in the 4 and 5 educational districts of the Isfahan. Research instruments involved emotional intelligence questionnaire, Petrides and Furenham (2002), career decision making self-efficacy, Tylor and Betz (1983), the career indecision questionnaire, Osipow, Caney and Barak (1976), and parenting styles questionnaire, Baumrind (1988). The first three questionnaire completed by students and the last one completed by their mothers. Pearson correlation test and stepwise regression analysis were employed in data analysis. The results of stepwise regression showed that authoritative style, career decision making self-efficacy, emotional intelligence and the permissive style can predict career indecision respectively (P < 0.01). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - The Effectiveness of Group Training of the Reforming Parenting Styles Based on Mothers, Maladjustment Schemas on Improving Behavioral Problems among Preschool Children in Isfahan City
Mina Daneshmand khorasgani Zahra Yousefi

This study investigated the effectiveness of group training of the reforming parenting styles based on mothers` maladjustment schemas on improving behavioral problems among preschool children in Isfahan city. The study was a semi-experimental research (pre-test and post More

This study investigated the effectiveness of group training of the reforming parenting styles based on mothers` maladjustment schemas on improving behavioral problems among preschool children in Isfahan city. The study was a semi-experimental research (pre-test and post-test) with a control group. Its statistical populations include all mothers whose children suffer from behavioral disorders in Isfahan city. For this purpose, based 40 people from among the mothers whose children had the sign of behavioral disorders were selected based on convenient sampling and were categorized into two experimental and control groups. Rutter`s child behavior questionnaire was used for data collection. 8 sessions of reforming the parenting styles based on reforming maladjustment schemas were hold for the experimental group while the control group received no specific training. To analyze the data, by the use of the mean and standard deviation of data and also multivariate covariance, the research hypotheses have been analyzed. Therefore, based on the total results of the general research, it can be concluded that reforming parenting style based on mother`s maladjustment schemas on improving has a significant effect in the reduction of behavioral disorders of their child (p<0.05) and can be applied as an effective intervention method. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Prediction of Elementary School Student’s Machiavellian Beliefs by Parenting Styles The Prediction of Machiavellian beliefs of elementary students based on parenting styles
zahra eshami chehrazi Maryam Ghorbani Asghar Aghaei

10.30486/jsrp.2018.543221

The purpose of this research was to explore the role of the children's Machiavellian beliefs in predicting parenting styles. The research method was descriptive statistical population included all fourth and fifth grade elementary school students and their mothers in th More

The purpose of this research was to explore the role of the children's Machiavellian beliefs in predicting parenting styles. The research method was descriptive statistical population included all fourth and fifth grade elementary school students and their mothers in the academic year in Isfahan in 2014-2015. Therefore 361 (177 boys and 184 girls) elementary school students and their mothers were selected as the sample using cluster random sampling from the five areas of education.Research tools included Parenting Styles Questionnaire (Baumrind, 1972) and Machiavellian Beliefs Scale for Children (Christie & Geis, 1970).The data was analyzed using by stepwise regression. The results of regression analysis showed that authoritarian parenting style is 16% can predict Machiavellian beliefs in this level (p< 0.01). According to the results of this study can be said the authoritarian parenting style has a negative effect on children’s Cognitive development and their social behaviors because of its authoritarian governing structure, lack of discussion, and Lack of attention to children's needs. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Investigation of the effect of school cohesion on bullying with the mediation of parenting styles in secondary high school male students
Ezzatollah ghaampour Masood Sadeghi samira ghare veysi Majid Soleimani

10.30486/jsrp.2020.1890769.2249

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of school cohesion on bullying with the mediation of parenting styles. The research method is descriptive and of correlational type. All secondary high school male students in Sanandaj at the number of 7618, who st More

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of school cohesion on bullying with the mediation of parenting styles. The research method is descriptive and of correlational type. All secondary high school male students in Sanandaj at the number of 7618, who studied in the first semester of the 2018-2019 academic years formed a statistical population of the study, among which 366 students accidentally entered the sample in several stages. The research tools included Espelage & Holt's bullying scale (2001), school cohesion scale of Springer et al. (2009) and Bumrind’s parenting styles questionnaire (1972). The statistical method used was multiple regression analysis and path analysis. According to the findings, the direct effect of school cohesion on victimization, bullying, powerful parenting style and authoritarian parenting style (P <0.01) was significant. The indirect effect of school cohesion on victimization mediated by authoritarian parenting style was significant (P <0.05). The indirect effect of school cohesion on bullying mediated by powerful and authoritarian parenting styles was significant (P <0.05). The results show the importance of school and parenting styles in controlling passive and active behaviors in bullying. Therefore, bullying can be reduced by teaching parents how to use the right parenting style and teaching teachers how to increase their interest and attract students to school. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Validation and standardization of Four Factor Parenting Questionnaire in mothers of elementairy school students
mojtaba rahimi hossein molavi Mojtaba Ansarishahidi akram dehghani

10.30486/jsrp.2021.1913954.2705

The purpose of this study was to determine validation and  standardization of Four Factor Parenting Questionnaire in mothers of elementary school students. Therefore 200 mothers who referred to the Psychological Services and counseling center of Isfahan ministry of More

The purpose of this study was to determine validation and  standardization of Four Factor Parenting Questionnaire in mothers of elementary school students. Therefore 200 mothers who referred to the Psychological Services and counseling center of Isfahan ministry of Education were randomly through convenience sampling  selected and were asked to answer the Baumrind Parenting Style Inventory (Baumrind) and the items of Four Factor Parenting Questionnaire that is designed by Shyny (2017) based on  the eastern parenting cultural context. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the four factor model fitted the data on the factors were named: Authoritarian, Authoritative, Permissive and Uninvolved (P-VALUE=0.00000). Also the concurrent validity coefficients of the questionnaire with the Baumrind Parenting Style Inventory were satisfactory.  The cronbach alpha coefficients of the factors were also higher than .80.  The results show that the Four Factor Parenting Questionnaire has appropriate characteristics and totally can be used in the Iranian sample and can use it for treatment aims and research. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Predicting parenting styles based on educational motivation and critical thinking mediated by hardiness in second grade female students
parnian rezazadeh mahbobeh aslami Soroush Alimardani

10.30486/jsrp.2021.1885245.2231

The aim of this study was to predict parenting styles based on educational motivation and critical thinking with respect to the mediating role of hardiness. The research method was applied research and its implementation method was descriptive (non-experimental) and the More

The aim of this study was to predict parenting styles based on educational motivation and critical thinking with respect to the mediating role of hardiness. The research method was applied research and its implementation method was descriptive (non-experimental) and the research design was relational - Correlation and mediator analysis. The statistical population of this study was female primary school students in KARAJ (district 4) in 2017, from which 400 people were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. Research data were collected through these ways: parenting style questionnaire (Baumrind, 1971), educational motivation questionnaire (Harter, 1980), Ricketts critical thinking orientation questionnaire (Ricketts, 2003) and Ahvaz Hardiness Inventory, (2000). In order to test the hypotheses and analyze the data, multiple regression and SOBEL test were used. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between dictatorial, authoritarian and negligent parenting styles with students' educational motivation and critical thinking (P = 0.001). Also, educational motivation and critical thinking were able to predict parenting styles due to their hardiness. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Effect of parenting styles on conduct disorder (CD) with mediation of emotional and cognitive empathy in high school students
Saeede hedayat mohammad narimani seyfollah aghajani sajjad basharpoor

10.30486/jsrp.2022.1946682.3274

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of parenting styles on conduct disorder (CD) mediated by emotional and cognitive empathy in junior high school students. The statistical population included all male high school students in Kermanshah in the academic i More

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of parenting styles on conduct disorder (CD) mediated by emotional and cognitive empathy in junior high school students. The statistical population included all male high school students in Kermanshah in the academic in 2020-2021, which was 234 students who obtained the highest scores in the pediatric symptoms questionnaire (parent form) (Gadow & Sprafkin, 2007) and They had the most symptoms of conduct disorder, were selected as a sample group based on multi-stage cluster sampling method, and participants completed the Alabama΄s parenting styles (Frick, 1991), the Baron-Cohen empathy quotient scale (Baron-Cohen & Wheelwrigh, 2004). Structural equation modeling on LISREL software was used to answer the hypotheses. The results of data analysis showed that direct and indirect path coefficients are significant in the research model (P <0.001). According to the findings of this study, efficient and inefficient parenting styles and emotional and cognitive empathy have a direct and significant effect on conduct disorder and efficient and inefficient parenting styles also have a direct and significant effect on emotional and cognitive empathy. Also, effective parenting style (positive parenting components and father participation) and inefficient parenting style (components of authority, poor supervision and corporal punishment) mediate emotional and cognitive empathy on students' conduct disorder indirectly. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that proper communication between parent and child enables the person to achieve emotional development and increases the ability to empathy and community friendly behavior in adolescents. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - Predicting the Attitude to High Risk Behaviors Based on Brain Behavioral System and Personality Traits with Mediating Role of Parenting in Secondary school students of Qom Province
Bahar Moghaddami mohammad mehdi jahangiri

10.30486/jsrp.2021.1911385.2665

The aim of this study was to predict the tendency to high-risk behaviors based on brain-behavioral system and personality traits with the mediating role of parenting in Secondary school students in Qom province. The presented research is of correlational type and the st More

The aim of this study was to predict the tendency to high-risk behaviors based on brain-behavioral system and personality traits with the mediating role of parenting in Secondary school students in Qom province. The presented research is of correlational type and the statistical population includes all students under 18 years of high school in Region 4 of Qom province in the academic year of 1998-99. (2011) complemented the behavioral brain system (Carver and White, 1994), parenting styles (Bamrind, 1972), and Hexago personality traits (Ashnon and Lee, 2000). Based on the results of this study, the proposed model of optimal fit was allowed. In general, the court results of all direct routes were significant (P <0.01). The indirect path of parenting styles was also significant for high-risk behaviors through personality traits and brain-behavioral systems. The seismic model uses optimal well-being and is an important step in identifying the factors influencing high-risk behaviors; You may be able to use it as a role model for developing risk-reducing behavior programs. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - The Effect of Shadow Educations and Parenting Styles on Mathematical Anxiety among High School Students
zohreh shakibaei

This study was done to investigate the effect of shadow educations and parenting styles and mathematical anxiety among high school students in Mazandaran province. The statistical community includes 48545 high school students. 380 students were chosen as samples, due to More

This study was done to investigate the effect of shadow educations and parenting styles and mathematical anxiety among high school students in Mazandaran province. The statistical community includes 48545 high school students. 380 students were chosen as samples, due to the community numbers in Morgan table, but 500 ones were selected as samples for certainty to the community and coordination to other different groups, by random classified sampling method. The research was a kind of descriptive and Diand Bamrin,s Parenting style Inventory(1973), mathematical anxiety (Shokrani, 2002) and shadow education questionnaires were applied to collect the data. The validity of questionnaires confirmed by educational experts and reliability calculated:./72,./92,./72. For data analysis, the independent T, one way and two ways variance Analysis were used by SPSS software. The results indicated that students who applied shadow education experienced less mathematical anxiety and the effect of parenting style on math anxiety was meaningful. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - The Role of Mindful Parenting Style and Maternal Attachment Style in Predicting the Behavioral Disorders on ADHD Children
Niloofar Mikaeili Nastaran Mohajeri Aval Nastaran Otared

The aim of current study was to predict of behavioral disorders on ADHD children through mindful parenting style and maternal attachment style. The present study is of descriptive correlational design. The study population was all the mothers of elementary school childr More

The aim of current study was to predict of behavioral disorders on ADHD children through mindful parenting style and maternal attachment style. The present study is of descriptive correlational design. The study population was all the mothers of elementary school children in Tehran, among them 60 people were selected as sample with purposive sampling and with implementation of Conner’s questionnaire (1970) on children and the diagnosis of ADHD of them. Then the mindful parenting style (Duncan, 2007) and attachment style questionnaire (Van odenhaven, 2003) completed by the mothers of these children. Multiple regression analysis of the data showed that negative significant difference between mindful parenting style and behavioral disorders such as anxiety/depression, isolation/depression, ignoring the rules, aggressive behavior, social problems on ADHD children(p<0/05). Also there was negative significant difference between secure attachment style and behavioral disorders (p<0/05). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - The Role of Mother's Parenting Style, Family's Cultural Capital and Social Skills in Educating the Girls
Atena Davami

10.22034/jwcp.2023.705619

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of mother's parenting style, the family's cultural capital and social skills on educating elementary school girls. The research statistical population included all psychology texts related to parenting style, the cul More

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of mother's parenting style, the family's cultural capital and social skills on educating elementary school girls. The research statistical population included all psychology texts related to parenting style, the cultural capital and social skills on educating elementary school girls. The research sample embraced psychological texts concerning mother's parenting styles, family's cultural capital and social skills. The current research was descriptive-analytical. Data collection was done by using the library method and note taking on index cards. The data was analyzed via content analysis procedure. The results showed that amongst the mothers’ parenting styles, the authoritative one was the best for educating the children specially the females. Educating the children by such style was not completely restrictive.  There was more space for their individuality and independence.   Children educating by such style were saner and had better communicating. The children also acquired the cultural capital from their parents. The cultural capital represented in embodied, objectified and institutionalized forms. The children, particularly the girls who spent their more time with their mothers through identification process template their mothers’ behaviors and characteristics emerged from cultural enrichment.  Such factor could be as an initiator for the girls’ social maturation. Cultural capital is very important in the prevailing theories of modern education. Parents are a bridge between cultural heritage and ideas in daily life and learning in children. Mothers are considered an important lever due to the positive effective role they play in the education and acquisition of children's social skills on their children's social growth in the future. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - The Prediction of Oppositional Defiant Disorder based on parenting styles, personality traits, and parental perfectionism traits
sadegh taghiloo Roghayeh Abdolmohammadi Mohsen Jadidi

The aim of the present study was to predict Oppositional Defiant Disorder based on parenting styles, personality traits and perfectionist characteristics of parents. The research method was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in terms of data colle More

The aim of the present study was to predict Oppositional Defiant Disorder based on parenting styles, personality traits and perfectionist characteristics of parents. The research method was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in terms of data collection. The statistical population included all children aged 7 to 10 years in Tehran in the academic year 1398. 250 people were selected by available sampling. The research instruments were pediatric symptom questionnaires (Gadow and Sparfkin, 1994), parenting styles (Bamrind, 1991), neo-personality traits (McCray and Costa, 1992) and perfectionism (Frost et al. 1990). The reliability of the questionnaires was calculated using Cronbach's alpha method, the value of which was higher than 0.7 for all four questionnaires. Content validity was also used to test the validity of the questionnaire, for which the questionnaires were approved by the relevant experts. Data analysis was performed from questionnaires through spss-22 software in two descriptive and inferential sections (Pearson correlation coefficient, multiple regression). The results of data analysis showed authoritarian parenting style, 17% and psychoticism can be 24% positively and meaningfully, extroversion and adaptability variables 19% and 23% respectively negatively and meaningfully, as well as worry about mistakes, doubts about actions, parental criticism and personal standards. 13%, 24%, 34% and 28%, respectively, are able to positively and significantly predict the variable of confrontational disobedience (P <0.05). Therefore, based on the findings of the present study, Oppositional Defiant in children is related to parenting styles, personality traits and perfectionist characteristics of parents and can be predicted by it. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - Developing a structural model of Self-Handicapping based on time perspective, intelligence beliefs and perceived parenting style by mediating
Fatemeh Maghsoudlonejad Majid Saffarinia ali shirafkankopkan

The aim of this study was to present a structural model of self-handicapping based on time perspective, intelligence beliefs and perceived parenting style mediated by academic self-efficacy in students. The research method was descriptive and structural equation modelin More

The aim of this study was to present a structural model of self-handicapping based on time perspective, intelligence beliefs and perceived parenting style mediated by academic self-efficacy in students. The research method was descriptive and structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the present study was all high school students in Tehran in the academic year 2020. The sample size was 400 students who were selected by cluster sampling (4 schools). The research instruments included the On and Framan (1998) Academic Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, the Jones & Rodwalt Self-Handicapping Scale (1982), the Zimbardo Time Perspective Questionnaire (1999), the Grolenick Perceived Parenting Questionnaire (1997), and the Abdolfattah & Yates (2006) Intelligence Beliefs Scale. The collected data were analyzed by structural equation modeling. The results of data analysis showed that the prediction model of self-handicapping based on time perspective, intelligence beliefs and perceived parenting style mediated by academic self-efficacy based on experimental data has a good fit. The direct and indirect effects of time perspective and intelligence beliefs on students' self-handicapping were also confirmed (p <0.05). Perceived parenting style and academic self-efficacy directly affect self- handicapping (p <0.05). The present study showed that academic self-efficacy has a mediating role in explaining and predicting students' self-disability. This variable is influenced by time perspective, IQ beliefs and perceived parenting style and on the other hand can have a significant effect on students' self-disability. Each research work has its own limitations, and this research is no exception to this rule. Among the limitations of this study include: Structural relationships of variables were tested by modeling structural equations which is a non-experimental method. Manuscript profile

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19 - The effectiveness of Seligman parenting training on child abuse tendencies and parenting self-efficacy in mothers with a history of child abuse
mahmood moradi Zahra Yousefi Mansoureh Bahramipour

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Seligman parenting training on child abuse tendencies and parenting self-efficacy in mothers with a history of child abuse in Isfahan. Methods: The quasi-experimental research method was pretest More

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Seligman parenting training on child abuse tendencies and parenting self-efficacy in mothers with a history of child abuse in Isfahan. Methods: The quasi-experimental research method was pretest-posttest with follow-up. For this purpose, among the clients of social emergency centers in 2019, 40 mothers with a history of child abuse were selected through available sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Subjects in both groups answered the questionnaires of child abuse tendency (Shamaizadeh Yousefi, 2018) and parenting self-efficacy (Dumka, 1996) in the pre-test, post-test and follow-up stages. The experimental group received 8 sessions of 90-minute Seligman parenting style training but the control group did not receive any training. To analyze data from descriptive statistical methods (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistical methods (Analysis of variance of repeated measures) was used. Results: The results showed that Seligman parenting style training generally reduces the tendency to child abuse and also increases the self-efficacy of mothers with a history of child abuse (P<0.05). Conclusions: As regard to results, it can be said, to improve child abuse tendency and parenting efficacy, Seligman parenting is suitable method among women with history of child abuse Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

20 - The role of self-compassion and percieved parenting styles on creative thinking of adolescents..
Parima Noroozi Somaye Robatmili

This study aimed to explaining the role of self-compassion and percieved parenting styles on creative thinking of adolescents. This study was a correlational – descriptive design. The study population was consisted of all high school boy students of Tehran city (d More

This study aimed to explaining the role of self-compassion and percieved parenting styles on creative thinking of adolescents. This study was a correlational – descriptive design. The study population was consisted of all high school boy students of Tehran city (district 2) in 2018. 313 students were selected by randomly cluster sampling methods in this research. Instruments for gathering data were the percieved parenting styles questionniqre (Grolnick, 1997), Abedi’s creativity assesment (1984), self-compassion questionnaire (Neff, 2003). Data were analyzed using SPSS.v21 software and statistical tests such as Pearson correlation coefficient and Setpwise regression analysis. The results of analysis showed that there is statistically significant relationship between some components of parenting styles and self-compassion and creative thinking of adolescents. Also, the results of stepwise regression analysis indicated that some components of parenting styles and self-compassion significantly predicted 17 percent of variances in creative thinking of adolescents.. With regards to findings, it seems that parenting styles and self-compassion have important role in creative thinking of adolescents. Applying the findings was discussed theoretical and practical Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

21 - Designing a Model of Girls’ Flourishing Based on Mothers’ Characterial Abilities with the Mediating Role of Parenting Methods
Zahra Mahmoodi Forough Jafari kiyanoosh Zahrakar Rozita Zabihi

Purpose: The aim of this study was to design a structural model of mothers’ characterial abilities and daughters’ flourishing with the mediating role of parenting styles. Method: The research was descriptive-correlative in terms of applied purpose and resea More

Purpose: The aim of this study was to design a structural model of mothers’ characterial abilities and daughters’ flourishing with the mediating role of parenting styles. Method: The research was descriptive-correlative in terms of applied purpose and research design. The statistical population of this study was all female students in the second year of urban high school in the academic year of 1997-98 along with their mothers. 465 students and their mothers were selected by stepwise cluster sampling method. In order to measure the variables, three questionnaires of Soleimani et al. (2015), characterial Patterson and Seligman (2004) abilities and parenting methods with Marind (1991) were used. Findings: The results showed that the abilities of originality, intellectualism, beauty admiration and appreciation of mothers have a direct effect on the prosperity of girls as well as the abilities of kindness, social intelligence, fairness, leadership, self-regulation on parenting style. Examining the direct effect of mothers’ parenting style on girls’ flourishing shows that mothers’ careless and authoritarian parenting style has no significant effect on girls’ flourishing, but mothers 'decisive parenting style has a direct effect on girls’ flourishing. The results of the study confirmed the indirect effect of kindness, social intelligence and leadership abilities on the flourishing of parenting style. Conclusion: Strengthening and applying meaningful characterial competencies in mothers, both directly and indirectly, through the effect it has on the style of parenting can definitely promote the prosperity of their daughters Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

22 - The Role of Marital Conflicts in the Relationship between Parenting Style and Children's Stubbornness: Mothers Suffering from Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
غزال زندکریمی مریم تقی پور

10.30495/sbq.2023.705462

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the mediating role of marital conflicts in the relationship between parenting styles of mothers with premenstrual boredom and of children’s stubbornness. This study was descriptive with structural equation modeling. P More

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the mediating role of marital conflicts in the relationship between parenting styles of mothers with premenstrual boredom and of children’s stubbornness. This study was descriptive with structural equation modeling. Participants were selected availably purposeful from six counseling centers in Tehran in 2023. The entry criteria were having Premenstrual dysphoric disorder with the approval of a clinicians, child aged between 5 and 7 years and education between diploma to master's degree and exclusion criteria, suffering from another mental disorder, or being treated with psychiatric drugs. Participants answered questionnaires on marital conflict, parenting styles, and child stubbornness. The results of this study showed that the structural equation model based on the mediating role of marital conflicts in the relationship between authoritative and authoritarian parenting style of mothers with premenstrual boredom and stubbornness of children has a good fit (P <0.01). But the liberating parenting style and its paths to marital conflict and child stubbornness were taken out of the model. The findings showed that powerful mothers with premenstrual boredom directly and indirectly, with the mediating role of marital conflict, predict a decrease in child stubbornness. In contrast, the authoritarians directly and indirectly significantly predicted the children's stubbornness. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

23 - Correlation parenting styles and dimensions Perfectionism with academic motivation their children on High school student damghan city
saideh fovadian

Relation between parenting styles and parental perfectionism with their children’s academic motivation Aabsrtact:The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between parenting styles and parental perfectionism with the determination of their child More

Relation between parenting styles and parental perfectionism with their children’s academic motivation Aabsrtact:The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between parenting styles and parental perfectionism with the determination of their children. the research method was descriptive and correlational the stoical population of the study included all male and females student secondary school in Damghan city (along with their parents)(N=1359). The academic year 1394-1395. A total of 300 students(girls 150, boys 150) were selected through multistage cluster randomly. They were asked to complete the questionnaire of styles parental parenting parental perfectionism dimensions and academic motivation scale .data analysis was performed using multivariate regression method .according to these results of research the style of effective parenting and other dimensions of the parent circuit and parenthood can predict the academic motivation of their children .in general Parents can take can take steps to improve their parenting by adopting proper parenting practices and rational expectations of their children. Key words: parenting styles , parental perfectionism dimensions، academic motivation . Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

24 - Predicting competitive anxiety based on parenting styles and comparing it in gender groups of athletic students of Tehran province
Mostafa Naeimi Zohreh Rafezi

The aim of this research was predicting competitive anxiety based on parenting styles and comparing it in gender groups of athletic students. This study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was descriptive. The research population was ph More

The aim of this research was predicting competitive anxiety based on parenting styles and comparing it in gender groups of athletic students. This study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was descriptive. The research population was physical education College students of Tehran province in the year 2019, which 225 people were selected by available sampling method as a sample. Data were collected with questionnaires of Martines competitive state anxiety (1990) and Buri perceived parenting styles (1991) and analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficients, multivariate regression and one-way variance analysis in SPSS-22 software. The findings showed that male and female athletic students did significant difference in perceived competitive anxiety, but didn’t significantly differentiate in parenting styles. Also, authoritative and permissive styles had a significant negative relationship with cognitive anxiety and authoritarian style had a significant positive relationship with cognitive anxiety. Authoritative style had a significant negative relationship with physical anxiety and authoritarian style had a significant positive relationship with physical anxiety, but the permissive style didn’t have a significant relationship with it. Authoritative and permissive styles had a significant positive relationship with self-confidence and authoritarian style had a significant negative relationship with self-confidence. In addition, parenting styles significantly predict cognitive anxiety and self-confidence of athletic students, but they weren’t able to predict their physical anxiety. Based on the results, to reduce competitive anxiety parents can be advised to use authoritative and permissive parenting styles, respectively, and not to use authoritarian parenting styles. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

25 - The relationsheep between loneliness and parenting styles with mobile phone addiction
ghlamreza monshaei mehdi ghasemi motlagh fariba ghovahi fatemeh mortazavi

 Abstract The main objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between loneliness and parenting styles with mobile phone addiction. The study population was students of Islamic Azad University, Bojnurd branch in 1393-94 academic years. Sampling meth More

 Abstract The main objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between loneliness and parenting styles with mobile phone addiction. The study population was students of Islamic Azad University, Bojnurd branch in 1393-94 academic years. Sampling method was cluster sampling and the sample was 339 students. Research method is descriptive  and correlational.  The data in this study where collected by by standardized instruments feel alone measure, parenting style scale and phone addiction questionnaire. Data were analyzed by spss 16 software and correlation method. The results showed that: 1) There is a relationship between loneliness and addiction to mobile phones. 2) There is a relationship between parenting stylew and mobile phone addiction.     Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

26 - Relationship between parenting styles with emotional maturity and Alexithymia in adolescent girls
مسعود حجازی Parvin Shajari

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between parental parenting styles with emotional maturity and Alexithymia. The research method was correlational and the target population was all-female high school students in Zanjan, in the academic year o More

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between parental parenting styles with emotional maturity and Alexithymia. The research method was correlational and the target population was all-female high school students in Zanjan, in the academic year of 1395-96, and their parents, among whom 200 were selected by multistage cluster sampling method. They were the data collection tool included the scale of Bamerand child-rearing styles, the emotional adolescence of Singh et al. And the Alexithymia of Toronto's nougat. The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the easy parenting style and emotional insecurity, personality disintegration as well as a general score of emotional immaturity (p < 0.05). There was a positive and significant relationship between descriptive childbearing style and difficult component in descriptive sensation (p < 0.05). There was also a negative and inverse relationship between the authoritative style and the overall Alexithymia and all components (p < 0.05). The results of multiple regression tests showed that facilitation style could explain emotional instability, personality decay and emotional immaturity with 24.8%, 19.2% and 24.4% of their total variance, respectively. Also, the powerful style could predict the components of difficulty in emotion recognition, difficulty in describing emotions and Alexithymia (total score) by 20.6%, 22.9% and 16.4%, respectively (p < 0.05). Finally, in only one case did the authoritarian style explain the difficulty in describing the emotions by 16.9% (p < 0.05). Finally, according to the results of the study, the correction of parental styles in parents is suggested using educational and therapeutic interventions. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

27 - comparison of parenting style of usual and bulling children among elementary school of TEHRAN fifth region
Farkhondeh Mofidi Kamran Mamghaderi Masoud Najari Ali Khezernezhad

The purpose of this study was to compare the parenting styles of bullying children with the parents of normal children by causal-comparative method. The statistical population of this study was all sixth grade boys in district 5 of Tehran and their parents were 3796 peo More

The purpose of this study was to compare the parenting styles of bullying children with the parents of normal children by causal-comparative method. The statistical population of this study was all sixth grade boys in district 5 of Tehran and their parents were 3796 people. According to Krejcie and Morgan table, the sample size was estimated to be 350. The sampling method was multi-stage cluster randomized questionnaire using Olweus Bully/Victim questionnaire (1996) and Baumrind parenting style questionnaire (1972), 300 questionnaires (due to some incomplete questionnaires and lack of accountability To them) were collected perfectly. The reliability of the questionnaires was 83% and 76%, respectively, through the Cronbach's alpha method. Independent t-test was used to analyze the data. The results showed that there is a statistically significant difference between parenting style of bullying and normal children and the dominant role of permissive parenting style in the parents of bullying children, and authoritative parenting style in the parents of normal children. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

28 - Comparison of temperament and character dimensions, cognitive regulation of emotion and perceived parenting style in gifted and normal teenagers
Mohammad Hosein Hojjati Majid Baradaran

  The purpose of this study was to compare temperament and character dimensions, cognitive emotion regulation between gifted and normal teenagers. The research method was causal-comparative and the statistical population of the research was gifted Second high schoo More

  The purpose of this study was to compare temperament and character dimensions, cognitive emotion regulation between gifted and normal teenagers. The research method was causal-comparative and the statistical population of the research was gifted Second high school students of Hamadan city in the academic year of 2022-2023 in the number of 450 people. From the schools, 184 students (92 gifted and 92 normal) were selected through simple random sampling method. The cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (Granfsky and et al, 2006), the temperament and character dimensions questionnaire of (Adan and et al, 2009), and the parental authority questionnaire (Bori, 1991) were used to collect data. The research hypotheses were analyzed by one-way MANOVA. The findings of the research showed that the components of cognitive emotion regulation, the average score of the adaptive emotion regulation in gifted teenagers and the average score of the maladaptive emotion regulation in normal teenagers were higher than in the gifted group.  Regarding the dimensions of temperament and character, the average score of the components of novelty seeking, persistence, co-operativeness, self- directiveness and self- transcendence in gifted teenagers and the average score of the components of harm avoidance and dependence reward in normal teenagers were higher than the gifted group. Regarding the perceived parenting styles, the average score of the component of Authoritative parenting style in gifted teenagers and the average scores of the components of Authoritarian and Permissive parenting styles in normal teenagers were higher than the opposite group (P<0.05). Manuscript profile

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29 - Psychometric properties of Young Parenting Inventory
Layli Amirsardari Ahmad Esmali Ali Khademi

The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of psychometric indices of Young’s parenting style inventory (1999) based on confirmatory factor analysis via Varimax rotation and achieve an exact tool for the assessment of parenting styles in Iranian More

The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of psychometric indices of Young’s parenting style inventory (1999) based on confirmatory factor analysis via Varimax rotation and achieve an exact tool for the assessment of parenting styles in Iranian population samples. The Statistical population was Urmia Azad University students. The sample size was 400 students that were selected by Cluster sampling involving 276 women and 124 men. The result of the confirmatory factor analysis via Varimax rotation based on 17 factors was as follows: Mother and father questionnaires were reduced from 72 to 28 and 72 to 30 questions respectively. The results are in harmony with English version of Young’s parenting questionnaire and just a few subscales need to be modified which involve: (for mothers) lack of trust/mistreatment including questions 10 and 11, in obedience factor, question 32, in altruism factor, all questions, in merit factor, all questions, in self-control factor/inadequate self-discipline, all questions. The problematic factors among all questions should be omitted or replaced. And (for fathers) in abandonment/instability factor, question 7, in altruism factor, all questions, in negativism/pessimism factor, all questions and also emotional inhibition factor in question 6 should be omitted or replaced. The results of this study showed that Young’s parenting style questionnaire is a suitable tool for assessing parenting styles in Iranian society, moreover, it is one of the effective variables in the initial creation of the maladaptive schema, and therefore, this tool is appropriate to achieve this goal.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

30 - Predict marital satisfaction based on perceived parenting styles and identity styles
Mina Amininejad Mahdi Shahnazarie

This study aims to predictmarital satisfaction based on perceived parenting styles and identity styles among male workers of Isfahan Steel Plant. The study population is all male workers of Isfahan Steel Plant  and sample size was determined based on the Krsjy and More

This study aims to predictmarital satisfaction based on perceived parenting styles and identity styles among male workers of Isfahan Steel Plant. The study population is all male workers of Isfahan Steel Plant  and sample size was determined based on the Krsjy and Morgan that was 240 persons, The number of samples were selected randomly .To collect the data , Enrich marital satisfaction To collect the data, Enrich marital satisfaction questionnaire, Schiffer perceived parenting styles and Berzonsky styles Identity was used. The results showed that marital satisfaction is significantly correlated with authoritarian parenting styles positively and had a significant negative relationship with autocratic unresponsive parenting styles negatively. Permissive parenting style also doesn’t have a significant relationship with marital satisfaction. The findings also showed that marital satisfaction significantly had a positive relationship with normative identity style, informational identity style and commitment and had a negative and significant relationship with disoriented identity style. Manuscript profile

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31 - The role Of Perception of Parenting Styles and Devotion to God to God in Anticipation of Anger Control
Fariba Farazi hamideh mazloum

One of the important and effective factors of the possibility of anger and its quality, is the amount and nature of the devotion to God as well as the parenting style. Therefore, the aim of the present research is to investigate the role of perception of parenting style More

One of the important and effective factors of the possibility of anger and its quality, is the amount and nature of the devotion to God as well as the parenting style. Therefore, the aim of the present research is to investigate the role of perception of parenting styles and devotion to God in anger control. Using a correlational method. 150 female students through a multi stage cluster method were selected. Scales of perception of parenting styles (POPS), to God, and anger control were applied to evaluate the research variables. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and stepwise regression using SPSS 21 software. The results showed that, among the styles to God, the safe base in the first step and the protest to separation in the second step, as well as the parenting styles, the mother''s Warmth in the third step significantly predicted student anger control. Therefore, it can be said, the mother''s Warmth, the safe base and protest to separation play an important role in anticipating anger control. Therefore, it is suggested that schools organize workshops to control anger with emphasis on teaching parenting styles and to God in the presence of students and their parents. Keywords: anger control, Attachment to God, Parenting Styles Manuscript profile

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32 - Predicting the creativity of gifted teenagers with intelligence Abilities parenting styles, spiritual happiness and popularity in the family
Jafar Mamaghani GholamAli Afrooz Bagher Ghobari Bonab Sogand Ghasemzadeh

10.30495/jwsf.2019.673388

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between creativity and cognitive abilities of gifted teenager and test the threshold hypothesis. This research was a correlation study. In this research, the students studying in schools of the East Azarbaija More

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between creativity and cognitive abilities of gifted teenager and test the threshold hypothesis. This research was a correlation study. In this research, the students studying in schools of the East Azarbaijan Province were selected as a study population and 125 first-year students of the first grade of Tizhoushan Allameh Tabataba'i in Bonab were selected in educational year of 97-96 study with purposeful sampling as a prototype. The fourth edition of Children's Wechsler Measurement Scale for adolescents was performed. All students studying in schools of East Azarbaijan Province were study population. 125 secondary male students of Allameh-Tabatabee Tizhoshan School in Bonab were chosen as our sample. Students were assessed through WISC-IV and 81 of them having IQ of 115 or more in one of indices of WISC-IV were chosen as the study’s sample. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS and research instruments used in this study are: questionnaires of popularity of parents, spiritual happiness, parenting Styles, creativity test and WISC-IV. The results revealed that mother’s positive parenting styles (Beta 0/306), spiritual happiness (Beta 0/249) of environmental factors and FIQs (Beta 0/234) of cognitive factors are those that account for creativity. Manuscript profile

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33 - The Role of Attribution Styles and Parenting Styles in Predicting Conduct Disorders Mediated by Executive Function in Junior High School Students
neda hoseinlou mehran soleimani reza ghorbanjahromi

10.30495/jinev.2022.1955218.2688

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of parenting styles and attribution styles in predicting conduct disorders mediated by executive function in junior high school students. The statistical population included all high school students in Khoy in the ac More

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of parenting styles and attribution styles in predicting conduct disorders mediated by executive function in junior high school students. The statistical population included all high school students in Khoy in the academic year 2019-2020, from which after estimating the sample size using krejcie -Morgan table and multi-stage cluster random sampling method, 400 people were selected. The sampling method was Multi-stage random. In order to collect information, Aachenbach's Child Behavior Inventory (parents' version (2007)), Baumrind (1971) Parenting Styles Questionnaire and Patterson et al.'s (1982) Attribution Styles Questionnaire were used. Structural equation model in Smart-PLS3 and SPSS-25 software was used to analyze the data. The results of data analysis showed that the three values of 0.01, 0.25 and 0.36 as weak, medium and strong values for GOF, showed a good fit of the proposed model. The results also showed positive attribution style with impact factor (-0.202), Permissive Parenting style with impact factor (0.338), Authoritative Parenting style with impact factor (-0.432) and Defects in executive function with impact factor (0.363) had a direct effect on conduct disorder. Considering the effect of Parenting Styles, Attribution Styles and Defects in executive function on Conduct disorder, it is suggested that more research be done to identify more about the mentioned factors and workshops be held for parents on the importance of this issue Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

34 - The Relationship between Child-Rearing Practices and Academic achievement of Guidance School Students of Ilkhechi
Mansoor Bayrami Jafar Bahadori Khosroshahi

Family is the first basis and origin of personality and thinking values, which plays an important role in determining the future life style of the person. In this case, the maintenance of positive relationship between parents and their children causes their academic ach More

Family is the first basis and origin of personality and thinking values, which plays an important role in determining the future life style of the person. In this case, the maintenance of positive relationship between parents and their children causes their academic achievement motive.The present study was conducted with a survey correlation research method. The statistical population included all the third graders in Ilkhechi guidance schools. Using morgan table 200 students (100 male & 100 female) were selected as sample size. The method of sampling was random sampling. To collect the data, Baumrind parenting style questionnaire was used. Furthermore, the students, final examination scores were applied as an indicator of academic achievement. The results were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and a multiple regression model. `Findings revealed a significant positive relationship between academic achievement and authoritative child-rearing style. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that academic achievement has a significant negative correlation with permissive and authoritarian styles. Finally, the stepwise regression analysis suggested that the authoritative child-rearing practice is the strong predictor of academic achievement. Therefore, due to the importance of the parenting styles in the academic achievement of the students, instructing the parents about the parenting practices of the adolescents can result in the academic success of their children. Manuscript profile

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35 - Predicted Students attachment styles based on Parents parenting styles
Tahereh Moazen Asgar Aghaei Mohsen Golparvar

The purpose of this study was to predict students’ attachment styles Based on Parents Parenting styles in isfahan city. The research method was descriptive correlation type. The statistical population included all high school female students in Isfahan city and th More

The purpose of this study was to predict students’ attachment styles Based on Parents Parenting styles in isfahan city. The research method was descriptive correlation type. The statistical population included all high school female students in Isfahan city and the sample included 302 persons who were chosen by random multiple cluster sampling method. The tools of experimental were included parenting styles questionnaire of Baumrind and adult attachment questionnaire of Hazan and Shaver. The acquired data of questionnaires were analyzed by using Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis and step by step analysis. The results showed that among subscales attachment styles, there was positive and meaningful relationship among attachment style secure with parenting style authoritative and attachment style ambivalent with parenting style permissive but there was negative and meaningful relationship among attachment style avoidant with parenting style authoritative. The results of regression analysis showed that parenting styles were convenient predictors for attachment styles.   Manuscript profile

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36 - The statistical population was 1892 people (118 gifted and 1774 normal) Using Cochran’s adjusted formula the sample size was 51 gifted and 268 normal people
Akbar Rezaei Shabnam Khodakhah

The present study has been undertaken with the purpose of studying the relationship between parenting styles and epistemological beliefs with students' academic achievement. The statistical population of this research was 21251 female high school students of Tabriz city More

The present study has been undertaken with the purpose of studying the relationship between parenting styles and epistemological beliefs with students' academic achievement. The statistical population of this research was 21251 female high school students of Tabriz city in the educational years 2008- 2009. Using Cochran’s adjusted formula 380 students were selected as the statistical samples through the multi-stage cluster sampling method. Questionnaires of epistemological beliefs (schommer, 1990), Baumrind parenting styles (1967) were used to collect the data. Students cumulative point average was used as dependent measure. Multiple regression analysis and Pearson correlation was carried out to analyze the data. The results showed that students' academic achievement has a negative and significant correlation with simple/ absolute and fast/ fixed knowledge with learning epistemological beliefs. Authoritative styles has a positive and significant correlation with simple/ absolute knowledge, but negative and meaningful correlation with and fast/ fixed learning epistemological beliefs. Dictatorship or authoritarian styles has a positive and significant correlation with Simple/ absolute knowledge and fast/ fixed learning. Permissiveness styles has a positive and significant correlation with fast/ fixed learning. Parenting styles was not correlated with academic achievement. simple/absolute knowledge and fast/fixed learning epistemological beliefs were the meaningful predictors factors of students' academic achievement. Manuscript profile

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37 - Sociological Influence of Family Upbringing Patterns on Couples' Common Life Relationships and Behaviors
Esmaeil Pouladi Esmaeil Jahanbakhsh Asghar Mohammadi

Manuscript profile

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38 - Social phobia,parenting styles,and perfectionism
Shabnam Bitaraf Mohammad R. Shaeeri Mansour Hakim Javadi

This research explored the role of perfectionism and parenting styles in explaining students’ social phobia. A sample of 396 students (215 females and 181 males) from GuilanUniversity responded to Baumrind’s Parenting Styles Questionnaire (1973), Frost Multi More

This research explored the role of perfectionism and parenting styles in explaining students’ social phobia. A sample of 396 students (215 females and 181 males) from GuilanUniversity responded to Baumrind’s Parenting Styles Questionnaire (1973), Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (Frost, Marten, Lahart, & Rosenblate, 1990), and the Social Phobia Inventory (Connor, Davidson, Churchill et al., 2000). The findings based on Pearson correlation showed that social phobia was positively correlated with authoritarian parenting styleand with two dimensions of perfectionism including “concern over mistakes” and “doubt about actions". Social phobia was negatively correlated with authoritative parenting style and parental expectations (a dimension of perfectionism). Implications are discussed in terms of interactions of parenting educational consequences and parents' personality characteristics on children's mental health.     Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

39 - The Mediating Role of Mental Toughness in the Relationship between Parenting Styles and Flourishing
Amirabbas Fatehi Dehaghani Farideh Yousefi

he aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of mental toughness in the relationship between of parentingstyles and flourishing. Three hundred and fifty five MA students were selected from Shiraz University by randommultistage cluster sampling. The partici More

he aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of mental toughness in the relationship between of parentingstyles and flourishing. Three hundred and fifty five MA students were selected from Shiraz University by randommultistage cluster sampling. The participants completed the Parental Authority Questionnaire (Buri, 1991), the Mental ToughnessQuestionnaire (Clough et al., 2002), and the Flourishing Scale (Diener et al., 2010). The results of structural equation modeling usingAMOS software indicated that the relation of authoritarian parenting style to flourishing was positive and significant. The relationshipbetween authoritative parenting style and mental toughness was positive and significant, and the relation of permissive parentingstyle to mental toughness was negative and significant. Authoritarian parenting style had direct relation on flourishing andauthoritative parenting style and permissive parenting style had indirect relation on flourishing through mental toughness. Theimplications of the findings were discussed in terms of their applications to parents and promoting flourishing in individuals. Manuscript profile

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40 - Parenting styles and academic achievement:mediating role of self-concept or self-esteem?
Shirin Valizadeh

this research was aimed to examine the mediating role of self-esteem and self-concept in the relationship between parenting styles and academic achievement on the basis of a causal model in a sample of 304 fourth-grade students (152 females, 152 males) in Tehran and the More

this research was aimed to examine the mediating role of self-esteem and self-concept in the relationship between parenting styles and academic achievement on the basis of a causal model in a sample of 304 fourth-grade students (152 females, 152 males) in Tehran and their parents. The students completed the Children Self-Concept Scale (Piers, 1986) and Pop Self-Esteem Questionnaire (Pope & McHale, 1988) and the parents completed the Parenting Styles Questionnaire (Baumrind, 1973). The results of path analysis indicated that 1) direct effects of all three permissive, authoritarian and authoritative styles on academic achievement were significant, 2) direct effect of self-esteem on academic achievement was significant but direct effect of self-concept on academic achievement was not significant, and 3) self esteem mediating only the relationship between permissive parenting style and academic achievement. Results were discussed in terms of conceptual and functional structures differences between self-esteem and self-concept, and the roles of parents in self-esteem and self-concept formations.      Manuscript profile

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41 - Parenting Styles and Aggression: The Mediating Role of Problem-Solving Styles
Parisa Mohammadi Mahboobeh Fouladchang

the aim of this study was to examine the mediating role of problem-solving styles in the relationship between parenting styles and aggression. Three hundred students (152 girls, 148 boys) were selected using multistage cluster sampling from Marvdasht high schools. The p More

the aim of this study was to examine the mediating role of problem-solving styles in the relationship between parenting styles and aggression. Three hundred students (152 girls, 148 boys) were selected using multistage cluster sampling from Marvdasht high schools. The participants completed the Alabama΄s Parenting Styles (Frick, 1991), the Problem-Solving Styles (Cassidy & Long, 1996), and the Aggression Questionnaires (Buss & Perry, 1996). The results of path analysis indicated that punishment style significantly related to constructive and non-constructive problem-solving styles. Father΄s cooperation was related to constructive problem-solving style. Non-constructive problem-solving style was significantly related to aggression. Non-constructive problem-solving style mediated partially the relationship between punishment style and aggression. Research findings had theoretical and practical applications. The findings suggested reinforcing constructive problem-solving styles and appropriate parenting styles are related to lower aggression in students. Manuscript profile

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42 - perceived parenting styles and fear of negative evaluation:a comparison of gifted and normal adolescent girls
Shahla Pakdaman Fereshte Sadat Mortazavi Nasiri

the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between parenting styles dimensions and fear of negative evaluation and to examine the differences between gifted and normal adolescent girls in these relations. In a survey study, the Fear of Negative Evaluation S More

the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between parenting styles dimensions and fear of negative evaluation and to examine the differences between gifted and normal adolescent girls in these relations. In a survey study, the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale-Brief Form (Leary, 1983)) and Parenting styles Questionnaire (Schaefer,1965) were administered to 137 female high school students (34 gifted, 103 normal). The data were analyzed by correlation coefficient and z test. Results indicated that 1) there was a positive correlation between control dimension of parenting style and fear of negative evaluation, 2) no significant correlation was observed between warmth dimension and fear of negative evaluation, 3) in normal adolescents group, the control dimension had no significant relation with fear of negative evaluation, but this relation was positive and significant for gifted student group, 4) the z-test indicated no difference between the two groups. The findings suggested that the more control over the children, the more they will be sensitive to negative evaluation of others and this is more salient for gifted children.     Manuscript profile

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43 - The Role of Parenting Styles and Abnormal Personality Dimensions of Mothers in Adolescent Social Anxiety
Akram Ghorbali Seyedeh Nina Hassani Nia

This study aimed to compare parenting styles and abnormal personality dimensions in mothers of adolescents with and      without social anxietydisorder. Based on a causal-comparative design, using the Social Phobia Inventory (Connor et al., 2000 More

This study aimed to compare parenting styles and abnormal personality dimensions in mothers of adolescents with and      without social anxietydisorder. Based on a causal-comparative design, using the Social Phobia Inventory (Connor et al., 2000), two groups of 30 adolescents with and withoutsocial anxiety disorder were selected by purposeful sampling and their mothers completed Personality Inventory for DSM-5- Brief Form (American Psychiatric Association, 2013) and Pa- rental Authority Questionnaire (Buri, 1991). Results of the analysis of variance showed that the authoritarian parenting style in mothers of the social anxiety disorder group was more than healthy group and the authoritative parenting style in them was less than healthy group. There was no significant difference between mothers of the two groups in the permissive parenting style. The results related to the abnormal personality dimensions showed that negative effects in the mothers of adolescents with social anxiety disorder were more than in mothers in the healthy group, and antagonism and disinhibition of mothers in this group were significantly less than mothers in the healthy group. There was no significant difference between the mothers of the two groups in terms of detachment and psychoticism. The findings of this study provide evidence to confirm the role of mothers in their children's social anxiety and can be used in the prevention and treatment of thisdisorder. Manuscript profile

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44 - The Mediating Role of Self-Construal in the Relationship Between Parenting Styles and Identity Styles with Psychological Well-being
Simin Mouradi Moughadam Somaieh Salehi

This study aimed to determine the mediating role of self-construal in the relationship between parenting styles and identity styles with psychological well-being. The statistical population was working mothers with children aged 11 to 16 in Tehran's District 6 in 2020. More

This study aimed to determine the mediating role of self-construal in the relationship between parenting styles and identity styles with psychological well-being. The statistical population was working mothers with children aged 11 to 16 in Tehran's District 6 in 2020. Based on acorrelation plan, 320 people were selected by convenience sampling method.They responded to the Psychological Well-Being Scale-Short Form (Reef, 1989), the Parenting Styles Inventory (Baumrind, 1973), the Identity Styles Inventory (Berzonsy, 1992), and the Self-construal Scale (Singelis, 1994). The findings of this study showed that there is a significant relationship between parenting styles and identity styles with self-construal and psychological well-being. According to the results, parenting styles and identity styles explain 12% and 20% of the variance of independent   and dependent self-construct, respectively. In addition, parenting styles, identity styles, and self-construct explain 32% of the variance in psychological well-being. The results of path analysis showed that independent and dependent self-construal in the relationship between parenting styles and identity styles with the psychological well-being of mothers had a significant indirect effect. Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that self-interpretation has a mediating role in the relationship between parenting styles and identity styles with psychological well-being. Manuscript profile

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45 - the relationship of atachment style and perceived parenting style to spiritual experiences and religious practices
Hamidreza Zarrin Kelk Saied Tabatabai Barzoki

the present study was conducted to examine the relationships of attachment and perceived parenting styles to spiritual experiences and religious practices. Three hundred and thirty three male students were selected from Allameh Tabatabaie university using cluster sampli More

the present study was conducted to examine the relationships of attachment and perceived parenting styles to spiritual experiences and religious practices. Three hundred and thirty three male students were selected from Allameh Tabatabaie university using cluster sampling. The participants completed the Parenting Authority Questionnaire (Buri, 1991), Attachment Style Inventory (Besharat, 2000) and the Multidimensional Assessment of Spirituality and Religiosity (National Institute of Health, 1999). The results indicated that there were positive significant relations between secure attachment style and spirituality experiences and religious practices in adulthood. Also, there were positive significant relations between authoritative parenting and spirituality experiences and religious practices. In all, it can be concluded that the authoritative parenting and secure attachment are good predictors of spiritual experiences and religious practices in adulthood.        Manuscript profile

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46 - The Mediation Role of Intrinsic Motivation in Relationship Between Perceptions of Parenting Styles with Academic Resilience
Tooba Chegini Masoud Gholamali Lavasani Elaheh Hejazi

the aim of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of intrinsic motivation in the relationship between perceptions of parenting styles and academic resilience among high school girls. Three hundred and twelve second grade high school students were select More

the aim of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of intrinsic motivation in the relationship between perceptions of parenting styles and academic resilience among high school girls. Three hundred and twelve second grade high school students were selected from 18th educational district of Tehran, Iran using randommultistage cluster sampling method. The participants completed the Perceptions of Parents Scale (Grolnick, Deci & Ryan, 1997), the Academic Resilience scale (Martin, 2003), and the Intrinsic Motivation scale (Vallerand & et al, 1992). The results indicated that perceptions of parenting styles relatedsignificantly and positivelytoacademic resilience. The results ofpath analysis indicated that perceptions of parenting styles indirectly and positively related to academic resilience through intrinsic motivation. The perceptions of parenting styles explained 15% of the variance in intrinsic motivation. The parenting styles and intrinsic motivation accounted for 35% of the variance in academic resilience. The findings supported the mediating role of intrinsic motivationin the relationship between perceptions of parenting styles and academic resilience. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

47 - Predicting Personal Responsibility of Adolescents Based on Perceived Parenting Styles and Spiritual Intelligence
, smanh dokanch hoda larjvardi

10.30495/mlseo.2023.704460

The purpose of this study was to predict adolescents' personal responsibility based on perceived parenting styles and spiritual intelligence.  The descriptive research method used was correlational design. The statistical population included all secondary school st More

The purpose of this study was to predict adolescents' personal responsibility based on perceived parenting styles and spiritual intelligence.  The descriptive research method used was correlational design. The statistical population included all secondary school students of the third district of Qom province (9934) who were studying in the academic year 2019-2020. The statistical sample consisted of 372 members of the aforementioned statistical population, which were selected using an available sampling method, using Karjesi and Morgan's table to determine it. The tools used included the standard questionnaire of personal responsibility for teenagers Mergler and Shield (2016), the perceived parenting scale of Grolink et al. (1997) and the spiritual intelligence questionnaire of King (2008). SPSS version 20 statistical software and simultaneous multiple regression tests and Pearson correlation coefficients were used to analyze the data. The results of the multiple regression analysis showed that about 18.9% of the variance of teenagers' personal responsibility is predicted by perceived parenting styles and subscales of spiritual intelligence. Additionally, the results showed that mother and father involvement, support for autonomy, and warmth had a positive correlation with personal responsibility. Critical existential thinking, production of personal meaning, and transcendental consciousness were also positively correlated with personal responsibility, but expanded consciousness was not significantly related. Critical existential thinking, production of personal meaning, and transcendental consciousness were also positively correlated with personal responsibility, but expanded consciousness was not significantly related. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

48 - Cohesion, Authoritative Parenting Style, Emotional Interaction among Family Members of Young Prisoners and Non-prisoners
Shahla Anzalchi Aliakbar Saif mehrdad navabakhsh Hadi Bahrami

This study attempts to examine the cohesion, authoritative parenting style, emotional interaction among families of young prisoners and non-prisoners. For that purpose, descriptive research was conducted on a statistical population comprising the entire young men 19 to More

This study attempts to examine the cohesion, authoritative parenting style, emotional interaction among families of young prisoners and non-prisoners. For that purpose, descriptive research was conducted on a statistical population comprising the entire young men 19 to 25 years of age residing inside a penitentiary in Arak, Iran. A total of 45 sample subjects were selected along with their parents as available, while another 45 male students without any disciplinary offense record were paired along with their parents. The measurement instrument in this research involved several questionnaires such as demographic questionnaire, parental authority, family cohesion and family-exclusive structured interview. The collected data were analyzed through t-test for the independent groups and Mann–Whitney U test and the Pearson's correlation coefficient. The results indicated that family cohesion, adoption of authoritative parenting style and emotional interaction among family members of prisoners were significantly lower than those of non-prisoners. In addition, there was a positive relationship between family cohesion and authoritative parenting style in both groups (P>0.05).  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

49 - Development and Validation of Parenting Style Questionnaire
Hassan P. Sharifi Mirsalahadine Enayati Parviz Asgari Golamreza Pasha Ali Zeinali Zeinali

Abstract: The purpose of this study was the development and validation of the Parenting Style Questionnaire (PSQ) new version by examining the factor structure, internal consistency in adolescent's sample. This study translated and validated the Buri's (1991) Parental A More

Abstract: The purpose of this study was the development and validation of the Parenting Style Questionnaire (PSQ) new version by examining the factor structure, internal consistency in adolescent's sample. This study translated and validated the Buri's (1991) Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ) and neglectful subscale of Shaffer's (2000) Parenting-Style Orientation Scale (P-SOS) among 14 to 19 year old Iranian adolescents attending school. A standard systematic translation procedure was followed to translate the questionnaires into Farsi. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to test the factor structure of the PAQ and neglectful subscale of P-SOS. The results showed the factor structure and reliability of internal consistency of the PSQ were suitable. The PSQ to have highly respectable measure of parental authority exercised by both mother and father and it is appropriate for both female and male adolescents and young adults in clinical, educational and research settings.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

50 - The aim of the present study was to predict bullying based on perceived parenting style through mediation role of self-concept in students.
نسیبه شیرکوند مالک میرهاشمی

Introduction: Today, schools are increasingly concerned about students' behavioral disorders such as violence, disciplinary issues, bullying, and destructive and brazen behaviors. Statement of Problem: One of the important questions is why adolescents engage in behavio More

Introduction: Today, schools are increasingly concerned about students' behavioral disorders such as violence, disciplinary issues, bullying, and destructive and brazen behaviors. Statement of Problem: One of the important questions is why adolescents engage in behaviors such as bullying?  Parents are the first to communicate with the child and have the most influential encounters and interactions in shaping the structure of the child's future life. Children's perception of this type of interaction is much more important than the practical experience of such interactions. Object: The aim of the present study was to predict bullying based on perceived parenting style through mediation role of self-concept in students. Methods: The present study was descriptive and correlational and structural equation modeling method. The statistical population of high school students was studying in the second grade of high school in Tehran in the academic year of 2018-19. A total of 290 students were selected by cluster sampling. The research instruments included Grolink's perceived parenting questionnaire (1997), Rogers 'self-concept questionnaire (1977), and Illinois' (2001) bullying scale. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. Results: The results of the statistical test showed that the fit indicators of the research model were in good condition. Also, the variable parenting variable on bullying had both a direct and an indirect effect (through self-concept) (p <0.05). Self-concept also directly affects bullying (p <0.05). Conclusion: The results of the present study confirmed the need to pay attention to the perceived parenting style as a family variable in predicting bullying behaviors in students in the country's schools. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

51 - Prdicting of emotional self-regulation based on Parenting Styles and Temperement among secondery students in Tehran
Alireza Nourizadeh Kiyanoosh Hashemiyan

The purpose of the present study was to predict emotional self-regulation based on parenting styles and adolescent temperament. The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of this study consisted of first grade male and female high scho More

The purpose of the present study was to predict emotional self-regulation based on parenting styles and adolescent temperament. The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of this study consisted of first grade male and female high school students in Tehran, which were 494900  students based on the statistics available in Tehran Education site during the academic year 2018-2019 According to Morgan table,384 students were selected by purposeful multistage cluster sampling method. Emotional Self Regulation questionnaires were used by Jijan Garnefsky (2006), Baumrind parenting styles (1973) and Bass and Palamin (1984). Multiple regression was used to analyze the statistical data. The results showed that positive cognitive emotion regulation was not predictable based on temperament dimensions. Negative cognitive emotional regulation was predictable based on temperament dimensions. Among temperament dimensions, only helplessness and anxiety positively and significantly predicted negative cognitive emotional regulation. Positive emotional regulation was predictable based on the dimensions of training methods. The authoritative training method positively and training negatively and significantly predicted positive cognitive emotional regulation. Negative emotional regulation was predictable based on the dimensions of training methods. Authoritative and facilitative training methods negatively, arbitrarily positively and significantly predicted negative cognitive emotional regulation. Positive cognitive emotional regulation was predictable based on temperament dimensions and training methods. The authoritative and authoritative training methods and helplessness significantly predicted positive cognitive emotion regulation. Negative cognitive emotional regulation was predictable based on temperament dimensions and training methods. Authoritative,authoritarian and arbitrarily training methods significantly predicted negative cognitive emotional regulation Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

52 - Sexual variety seeking based on early maladaptive schemas, parenting styles and moods
Hussein Rezaeian Bilondī Nader Monirpour Hamid Reza Hasanabadi

Sexual variety seeking is a sexual behavior that is characterized by the preoccupation with multiple sexual relationships and, in behavioral domains with the attempt to establish sexual relationships with new people and in different forms. The aim of this study is to pr More

Sexual variety seeking is a sexual behavior that is characterized by the preoccupation with multiple sexual relationships and, in behavioral domains with the attempt to establish sexual relationships with new people and in different forms. The aim of this study is to provide a structural model to explain the sexual variety seeking based on early maladaptive schemas, parenting styles and moods. In this study, 422 married men from the community of theologians and students of Qom were selected through random sampling method and tested for sexual variety seeking, temperament, early maladaptive schemas, and parenting styles. The results of exploratory, confirmatory and modeling factor analysis of structural equation indicated that early maladaptive schemas (43 percent), paternal parenting styles directly (32%) and indirectly (9%) account for sexual variety seeking. Maternal parenting styles and moods indirectly (respectively 13% and 19%) and through the early maladaptive schemas explain sexual variety seeking. In general, it seems that early maladaptive schemas play an important role in explaining sexual variety seeking. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

53 - Studying Family Functioning and the Role of Maternal Parenting Styles in Predicting Children’s Behavioral Problems in Boys Aged 5 to 10 Years in Ahvaz City
Shila Karzareh Mansoor Abdi Hasan Heidari

Family environment is the most favorable place for the growth of the child and one’s mental and physical sublimation. The aim of this study was to study family functioning and the role of maternal parenting style in predicting children’s behavioral problems More

Family environment is the most favorable place for the growth of the child and one’s mental and physical sublimation. The aim of this study was to study family functioning and the role of maternal parenting style in predicting children’s behavioral problems in boys aged 5 to 10 years in Ahvaz city. For this purpose, in a descriptive study, correlational type, 200 mothers were selected among mothers of boys aged 5 to 10 who were at preschool and primary school, in Ahvaz city. They were selected in a form of clustered multi-stage, randomly. They were tested in terms of family functioning, parenting styles and children's behavioral problems. For data analysis correlation coefficient and multiple regression were used. The results indicated that the authoritarian parenting style with mean of 22.33 is among the highest parenting style in mothers. Subscales of communication, emotional companionship, behavioral control and general family functioning had a significant relationship with behavioral problems. Authoritarian parenting style has a positive relationship with hyperactivity disorder and has a negative significant relationship with mood disorder. The result also indicated that permissive parenting style has a positive significant relationship with hyperactivity disorder, behavior, action and separation anxiety and a negative significant with mood disorder. The results indicated that only the subscales of emotional companionship was able to predict separation anxiety disorder. Permissive parenting style was able to predict hyperactivity disorder and separation anxiety, authoritarian style parenting style was able to predict behavior and action disorder and mood disorder, authoritative parenting style was able to predict separation anxiety. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

54 - The Prediction of adolescence orientation to addiction, based on personality characteristics and parenting styles in order to present a model for prevention
Hamzeh Ganji Maryam Rahnamaei Hassan Pasha Sharifi

Adolescence, is a critical period which is always associated with the process of identity formation. Part of this growth process is seeking danger which is shown in the shape of unhealthy sexual behavior, alcohol, tobacco and other items. Personality characteristics and More

Adolescence, is a critical period which is always associated with the process of identity formation. Part of this growth process is seeking danger which is shown in the shape of unhealthy sexual behavior, alcohol, tobacco and other items. Personality characteristics and parenting styles in the critical period of adolescence can provide a context for an orientation to addiction. The purpose of this study was to present a model to predict the adolescent’s orientation to addiction based on personality characteristics and parenting style. For this purpose, in a descriptive study, 500 boys and girls high school students were randomly selected from Qazvin city. They were tested in terms of orientation towards addiction, five major factors of personality and parenting style. Results of regression analysis indicated that there is a significant difference among the mental-neuroticism, openness to experience, having conscientiousness and parenting styles (Permissive, autocratic, authoritative) with the attitude of students in relation to addiction. Considering the obtained model, with increased scores in these variables, the odds of a positive attitude to substance use will increase. It seems that personality traits and parenting styles have a significant difference with attitudes towards addiction in male and female students. They can be effective in preventing orientation towards addiction. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

55 - Explaining the relationship between perceived parenting styles and obsessive-compulsive symptoms: the mediation role of self-efficacy and thought fusion
Maryam Mahmoudi Sohayla Talebi-najafabadi Shahram Molamadkhani N. A Farrokhi عصمت Danesh

Obsessive-compulsive is a disabling psychiatric disorder that often leads to significant problems in the usual way of life, job performance, social activities, and interpersonal relationships. The aim of this study was to determine the mediation role of self-efficacy an More

Obsessive-compulsive is a disabling psychiatric disorder that often leads to significant problems in the usual way of life, job performance, social activities, and interpersonal relationships. The aim of this study was to determine the mediation role of self-efficacy and thought fusion in the relationship between perceived parenting styles and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. For this purpose, in the descriptive correlational study among second-grade high school students in Tehran, 349 students from 8 schools were selected and evaluated in terms of obsessive-compulsive symptoms, general self-efficacy, thought fusion and parental perception. Data analysis performed using structural equation modeling indicated that the thought fusion the relationship between mother's parenting style and obsessive-compulsive symptoms and self-efficacy mediate the relationship between each of two parent's parenting style and obsessive-compulsive symptoms negatively and significantly. It seems that mothers whose patterns of mother-child relationship show characteristics such as formal communication, highlighting borders and distances, and lack of emotion, eye contact and embrace, or accept their child's conditional form, prevent the formation of unconditional acceptance in their children and forming excessive responsibility, the formation of thought fusion and obsession in their offspring. Manuscript profile

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