The Role of Mindful Parenting Style and Maternal Attachment Style in Predicting the Behavioral Disorders on ADHD Children

Subject Areas : Psychology

Niloofar  Mikaeili ¹ (Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Department of psychology, Ardabil, Iran.)
Nastaran  Mohajeri Aval ² (Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Department of psychology, Ardabil, Iran.)
Nastaran  Otared ³ (Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Department of psychology, Ardabil, Iran.)

Received: 2017-04-10 Accepted : 2017-06-20 Published : 2017-06-22

Keywords: ADHD, attachment style, mindful parenting style, behavioral disorders,

Abstract :

The aim of current study was to predict of behavioral disorders on ADHD children through mindful parenting style and maternal attachment style. The present study is of descriptive correlational design. The study population was all the mothers of elementary school children in Tehran, among them 60 people were selected as sample with purposive sampling and with implementation of Conner’s questionnaire (1970) on children and the diagnosis of ADHD of them. Then the mindful parenting style (Duncan, 2007) and attachment style questionnaire (Van odenhaven, 2003) completed by the mothers of these children. Multiple regression analysis of the data showed that negative significant difference between mindful parenting style and behavioral disorders such as anxiety/depression, isolation/depression, ignoring the rules, aggressive behavior, social problems on ADHD children(p<0/05). Also there was negative significant difference between secure attachment style and behavioral disorders (p<0/05).

References:

- بشرپور، سجاد. (1394). صفات شخصیت، نظریه و آزمون، اردبیل: نشر ساوالان.

- بشرپور، سجاد؛ مهاجری اول، نسترن؛ عنبری، فریما. (1395). بررسی روایی و پایایی پرسشنامه فرزندپروری ذهن آگاهانه (IEM-P) و (IM-P). مقاله منتشر نشده.

- بهادری، محمدحسین؛ جهان بخش، مرضیه؛ امیری، شعله؛ انیسی، جعفر. (1391). پیش بینی علائم افسردگی در دختران از طریق سبک دلبستگی مادران. مجله علوم رفتاری، 6(4)، 339-345.

- خانجانی، زینب؛ هاشمی، تورج؛ الهام فر، فریبا. (1390). بررسی رابطه شیوه های فرزندپروری و سبک های دلبستگی با نشانه های افسردگی نوجوانان. فصلنامه علوم تربیتی، 4(14)، 91-106.

- دادستان، پریرخ؛ احمدی ازغندی، علی؛ پوراعتماد، حمیدرضا. (1385). تنیدگی والدینی و سلامت عمومی، پژوهشی در رابطه با تنیدگی حاصل از والدگری. فصلنامه روانشناسان ایرانی، 7، 171-184.

- شهائیان، آمنه؛ شهیم، سیما؛ بشاش، لعیا؛ یوسفی، فریده. (1386). هنجاریابی، تحلیل عاملی و پایایی فرم کوتاه ویژه والدین مقیاس درجه بندی کانرز برای کودکان 6 تا 11 ساله در شهر شیراز. مطالعات روانشناختی، 3(3)، 97-120.

- غباری، بناب؛ حجازی، مسعود. (1386). رابطه جرئت ورزی و عزت نفس با پیشرفت تحصیلی در دانش آموزان تیزهوش و عادی، مجله کودکان استثنایی، 7(3)، 299-316.

- منصور، محمود؛ دادستان، پریرخ. (1381). روانشناسی ژنتیک2 از روان تحلیل گری تا رفتارشناسی، تهران: انتشارات جوانه رشد.

- مومنی، فرشته؛ امیری، شعله. (1386). بررسی رابطه میان انواع سبک های فرزندپروری والدین و بروز علایم بی اشتهایی روانی در دختران نوجوان 14 تا 17 ساله شهر اصفهان. فصلنامه خانواده پژوهی، 12(3)، 775-789.

- مینایی، اصغر. (1385). انطباق و هنجاریابی سیاهه رفتاری کودک آخنباخ، پرسشنامه خودسنجی و فرم گزارش معلم. مجله پژوهش در حیطه کودکان استثنایی، 6(1)، 529-558.

- Adam, K.A., Gunnar, M.R., Tanaka, A. (2004). Adult attachment, parent emotion, and observed parenting behavior: Mediator and Moderator models. Child Development, 75(1): 110-122.

- Alajgerdi, M., Sarabian, S., Asgharipour, N. (2015). Comparative study of attachment styles in mothers of 8 to 12 year old children with and without behavioral problems. Fundamentals of Mental Health, 17(1): 19-25.

- Bogles, S.M., Lehtonen, A., Restifo, K. (2010). Mindful parenting in mental health care. Mindfulness, 1, 107-120.

- Bogels, S.M., Restifo, K. (2014). Mindful parenting: A guide for mental health practitioners. New York: Springer.

- Campbell, S. (1994). Hard to manage pre-school boys: Externalizing, social competence, and family context at two-year follow-up. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 22, 147-166.

- De Bruin, E., Zijlstra, B., Geurtzen, N., van Zundert, R., van de Weijer-Bergsma, E., Hartman, E., et al. (2014). Mindful parenting assessed further: Psychometric properties of the Dutch version of the Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting Scale (IM-P). Mindfulness, 5(2), 200-212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12671-012-0168-4.

- Diaz, Y. (2005). Association between parenting and child behavior problems among Latino mothers and children. Unpublished Master Thesis, University of Maryland, Maryland.

- Duncan, L.G. (2007). Assessment of mindful parenting among parents of early adolescents: Development and validation of the Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting Scale. The Pennsylvania State University: Unpublished dissertation.

- Duncan, L.G., Coatsworth, J.D., Greenberg, M.T. (2009). A model of mindful parenting: Implications for parent-child relationships and prevention research. Clinical child and family psychology review, 12, 255-270, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10567-009-0046-3.

- Fogel, A. (2001). Infancy: Infant, Family and Society. West publishing company. Minnee polisst. Paul Newyork. Loaangeles. Sanfrancisco.

- Frick, P.J. (1994). Family dysfunction and the disruptive behavior disorders: Areview of empirical findings. In T.H. Ollendick and R.J. Prinz (Eds.), Advances in Clinical Cild Psychology (PP.203-226). New York, NY: Plenum Press.

- George, C., Solomon, J. (1999). The caregiving system: A behavioral systems approach to parenting. In J. Cassidy, P.R. Shaver (Eds), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications (pp.833-856). New York: The Guilford Press.

- Halliday, R., Rosenthal, J, H., Naylor, H., Callaway, e. (1976). Averaged evoked potential predictors of clinical improve in hyperactive children treated with methylphenidate: An initial study. Psychophysiology. 13(5), 429-440.

- Hanson, R., Mendius, R. (2009). Buddha’s brain. The practical neuroscience of happiness, love and visdom. Oakland: New Harbinger.

- Heller, T.L., Baker, B.L., Henker, B., & Hinshaw, P. (1996). Externalizing behavior and cognitive functioning from pre-school to first grade: Stability and predictors. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 25, 376-387.

- Hollenstein, T. (2004). Rigidity in parent-child interaction and the developmental of externalizing and internalizing early childhood. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 32, 595-607.

- Jones, J., Cassidy, J., Shaver, P.R. (2015). Parents self-reported attachment styles: A review of links with parenting behaviors, emotions, and cognitions. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 19(1), 44-76. http://dx.doi.org/1001177/1088868314541858.

- Johnston, C. (2012). Parenting in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Clinical Psychology Review, 32, 215-228.

- Kabat-Zinn, J., Kabat-Zinn, M. (1997). Everyday blessings: The inner work of mindful parenting. New York: Hyperion.

- Karreman, A., Haas, S., Tuijl, C., Aken, M., & Dekovic, M. (2009). Relation among temperament, parenting & problem behavior in young children. Infant Behavior and Development, 33,39-49

- Katanin, S. (1997). Childhood temperament and mother’s child rearing attitude. European Journal of personality, 11, 249-265.

- Keng, S., Smoski, J. J., & Robins, C. J. (2011). Effects of mindfulness on psychological health: A review of empirical studies. Clinical Psychology Review. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2011.04.006.

- Kuyken, W., Byford, S., Taylor, R. S., Watkins, E., Holden, E., White, K., et al. (2008). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy to prevent e=relapse in recurrent depression. Journal of Consuling and Clinical Psychology, 76, 966-978.

- Mash, E.J., Barclays, R.E. (2008). Child Psychopathology. Translated by: Toozande-jani, H., Mashhad: Mashhad University of Medical Sciences.

- Meredith, P., Ownsworth, T., Strong, J. (2008). A review of the evidence linking adult attachment theory and chronic: presenting a conceptual model. Clinical Psychology Review, 28(3), 407-429.

- Moreira, H., Canavarro, M.C. (2015). The Portuguese version of the Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting Scale: A study with mothers and fathers from the general community. Unpublished manuscript.

- Sadeh, A., Tikotzky, L., Scher, A. (2010). Parenting and infant sleep. Sleep med rev, 14(20), 89-96.

- Sadock, B., Sadock, V. (2007). Synopsis of Psychiatry, Behavioral Sciences/ Clinical Psychiatry, Kaplan & Sadock’s. New York: Tenth Edition.

- Segal, Z.V., Williams, J.M.G., & Teasdale, J.D. (2002). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression. A new approach to preventing relapse. New York: The Guilford Press.

- Singh, N.N., Singh, A.N., Lancioni, G.E., Singh, J., Winton, A.S.W., Adkins, A.D. (2010). Mindfulness training for parents  and their children with ADHD increases the childrens compliance. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 19, 157-166.

- Sung, V., Hisscock, H., Sciberras, E., Efron, D. (2008). Sleep problems in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Arch Pediatr Adolesc med, 162(4), 336-342.

- True, M.N., Pisani. & Ljoumar, F., (2001). Infant-mother attachment among the dogon of Mail. Deve. 72(5): 66-145.

- Van de Weijer-Bergsma, E., Formsma, A.R., De Bruin, E. I., Bogles, S.M. (2011). The effectiveness of mindfulness training on behavioral problems and attentional functioning in adolescents with ADHD and parents. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 20, 171-181.

- Van der Oord, S., Bogels, S. M., & Peijnenburg, D. (2011). The effectiveness of mindfulness training for children with ADHD and mindful parenting for their parents. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 21, 139-147.

- Weaver, M.C., Shaw, D.S., Dishion, T.J., Wilson, M.N. (2008). Parenting saif-efficacy and problem behavior in children at high risk for early conduct problems: The mediating role of maternal depression, Infant Behavior & Development, 31, 594-605.