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Open Access Article
1 - Designing a model for measuring information technology level in organization by fuzzy set
Abbas Toloie Ashlaghi Reza Radfar Shabnam PasandidehOne of the difficult tasks in management is decision making. To accomplish all phases of decision makingprocess, all criteria must be measurable and quantitatively available. Because information technology, accordingto its intangible nature, has a broad range of definit MoreOne of the difficult tasks in management is decision making. To accomplish all phases of decision makingprocess, all criteria must be measurable and quantitatively available. Because information technology, accordingto its intangible nature, has a broad range of definitions and generally undetermined indicators some of which arequalitative, there is no certain criterion to measure it. This paper aimed to consider all aspects of informationtechnology. Indicators of information technology have been set in four main groups and in each of them, themain criteria and related sub-criteria are defined. As qualitative and quantitative criteria cannot be measuredcertainly and accurately, the fuzzy systems (FS) are utilized to assess the magnitude of any indicator. To do so,after creating the matrix of decision-making, weights assessment techniques in multi-criteria-decision making(MCDM) have been used and then a model for measuring in order to gain points for a unique level ofinformation technology is provided. The method used to assess the weights is “grouping” that is one of thedecision-making techniques and the method of measurement is fuzzy simple addition weight (FSAW). Pointsearned, indicate the level of information technology in the organization. According to the implementation of themodel and examination by experts in this field, designed model was approved and is applicable in allorganizations that have IT units Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Abul-\assan KharaÎānī and ‘Javānmardī
پروانه عروج نیا#Ayyārī is a very old Persian cult that closely linked to the middle classpeople in Iran. Some of the #ayyārān, under the impact of ascetics(zāhidān) from various sects and religions, including Islam, developed#ayyāri into javānmardī (or futowwa). Afterward, there was a More#Ayyārī is a very old Persian cult that closely linked to the middle classpeople in Iran. Some of the #ayyārān, under the impact of ascetics(zāhidān) from various sects and religions, including Islam, developed#ayyāri into javānmardī (or futowwa). Afterward, there was a mutualimpact between Sufism which spread in Iran in 4th and 5th AH andJavānmardi. Sheikh Abul-Hassan Kharaqāni, who apparently wasclose to javānmardi, became familiar with Tasawwuf, and later on, hewas considered as a member of Sufi orders by Sufi authorities. In thepresent article, after a brief introductory description of javānmardi,Kharaqāni's sayings in the works attributed to him is studied as well asthe reports of Sufi sources about him. Then the relationship betweenKharaqāni and javānmardi is discussed along with a debate aboutwhat he understands from javanmardi. Finally, the article tries toconclude whether Kharaqāni should be seen as a religious mysticamong javānmardān or as a mystic among Sufis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Fire risk mapping using hierarchical analysis and GIS methods along with risk assessment in the Zab-Sardasht forests
Sasan Babaie Kafaki Negar Moradzadeh Azar Hadi Kiadaliri Abbas Banj Shafiei Naimeh RahimizadehFire is an integral part of most ecosystems, which have negative environmental and social consequences. The identification of effective factors in the occurrence of fire and mapping of fire risk in the forest is one of the basic tools to achieve fire control and counter MoreFire is an integral part of most ecosystems, which have negative environmental and social consequences. The identification of effective factors in the occurrence of fire and mapping of fire risk in the forest is one of the basic tools to achieve fire control and countermeasures. The purpose of this study is to identify the ecological factors affecting the development of fire and assess the risk of fire in the forests of Sardasht region using a geographic information system. After basic studies, homogeneous environmental units were produced and divided into four classes using the multi-criteria evaluation method. The ecological conditions of the areas with a history of fire were investigated by conducting field studies. Data analysis was performed using a geographic information system and hierarchical analysis. The fire risk assessment was also performed linearly. In conclusion, vegetation and climatic factors are the most important ecological factors affecting the development of fires in the forest ecosystem. Besides, the area was moderate in terms of fire risk, and measures should be taken for high-risk areas, such as building fire stations and watchtowers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Evaluating Efficiency of Forest-Trees Felling Motor-Manual Groups Using Data Envelopment Analysis Method in West of Mazandaran Province
Morteza Madanipour Kermanshahi Leila KaramaliThe efficiency of motor-manual groups in process of felling trees is less than expected in some utilization groups, which indicates the needs for improving the performance of these groups. The first step of the efficiency improvement is the evaluation of the current &lr MoreThe efficiency of motor-manual groups in process of felling trees is less than expected in some utilization groups, which indicates the needs for improving the performance of these groups. The first step of the efficiency improvement is the evaluation of the current ‎status of these groups. In this study, the felling groups were randomly ‎selected in 12 gropes from the forests of West Mazandaran. Each group included 2 and 3 operator (a total of 24 groups). The characteristics of each group (the number of people, system cost, chainsaw hours-of-operation and the cutting wood volume) were collected for three working days. The required diagrams (number of felled trees, the cutting wood volume, system cost, hours of operation and chainsaw hours-of-operation) were prepared and investigated by GAMS software. The number of people, system cost, chainsaw hours-of-operation as well as the cutting wood volume was designed as input and output variables, respectively. The data were also analysed through data envelopment analysis (DEA). The DEA results indicated that the effectiveness of managerial, technical and inductive were 0/9215, 0/8016, and 0/8671 respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Sorption stuck). of C.I. Acid Red 88 from aqueous solutions onto sawdust
N. Modirshahla M. A. Behnajady A. Shamel R. Eskandari -
Open Access Article
6 - Application of Electroactive Nano Composite Coated onto Wood Sawdust for the Removal of Malachite Green Dye from Textile Wastewaters
M. H. Fekri M. Banimahd keivani M. Darvishpour H. Banimahd keivani -
Open Access Article
7 - Evaluation the wastewater treatment location of Bojnord city and selecting the right location
atefeh sedaghati حمید طالب خواهStudy aim is evaluating of Bojnord wastewater treatment location based on indicators in locating the wastewater treatment. 15 information layer contain 8 indicators affecting the location and 7 right privacy Is processing in GIS software. To identify the weight of each MoreStudy aim is evaluating of Bojnord wastewater treatment location based on indicators in locating the wastewater treatment. 15 information layer contain 8 indicators affecting the location and 7 right privacy Is processing in GIS software. To identify the weight of each index, the questionnaire was distributed between 25 experts of related sciences. Then, using AHP hierarchical decision making final weight of each indicator was calculated. In final step of combining weights and information layer in GIS software and remove areas with restrictions, Bojnord wastewater treatment location was evaluated. "Slop" and "the height difference to the city" variables by the final weight of approximately 0/20 and 0/21, have the greatest impact on the refinery location. Also, wastewater treatment current location, based on the principles and indicators, is located in unsuitable zone. In conclusion, the 3 proposed options with regard to the established criteria and restrictions, for the Bojnord wastewater treatment location, with the help of SAW model, related to the MADM methods collection, were studied that alternative number1, by placing in petrology area of arjelity argillaceous with shale interlayers, contains ammonites, akinopad and numerous orbitolina, in terms of status of most of indicators and privacy, were identified better than other options. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - The classification and measurement of the degree of development of West Azerbaijan province using planning techniques
seyed ali hosseini mohammadamin faraji mohammad zaheiri seyede maryam hosseiniAbstract Regional Planning, aiming to reduce inequality and to make developments, is considered as one of the important subjects in the developing countries. Regional planning is necessary to determine the position of the other regions in terms of development. Including MoreAbstract Regional Planning, aiming to reduce inequality and to make developments, is considered as one of the important subjects in the developing countries. Regional planning is necessary to determine the position of the other regions in terms of development. Including common standards in regional planning, grading regions on the basis of different indicators of development. The purpose of this article defines the classification of West Azerbaijan province in terms of development and regional disparities in its analysis. Analytical methodology and data collection method is library and documentation. Studied indices include 44 indicators; including indicators of socio-cultural, educational, health, infrastructure, economy. To determine the level of development of West Azerbaijan province, models (topsis, SAW) and Arc Gis 9.3 software is used. The results showed that the cities of Urmia, demands, Oshnavieh, best and municipalities Piran, Chalderan and cash is worst situation has developed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Soybean cultivar feasibility study using Boolean logic In Ardabil province
bromand salahi fatemeh vatanparastAmong the various influencing factors in soybean production, climatic conditions are one of the most important variables that must be controlled. In this research, in order to know the natural capabilities of 7 stations of Parsabad, Ardabil, Khalkhal, Meshginshahr, Bile MoreAmong the various influencing factors in soybean production, climatic conditions are one of the most important variables that must be controlled. In this research, in order to know the natural capabilities of 7 stations of Parsabad, Ardabil, Khalkhal, Meshginshahr, Bileh Sawar, Sarein and Nair for soybean cultivation from the growth day degree, annual and seasonal rainfall, relative humidity, average, minimum and maximum temperature for the statistical period of 2001 to 2018. was used and with ANP a weight was determined for each criterion and SAW technique was used to calculate land suitability. By combining DEM and IDW maps, zoning maps were obtained in GIS. The results of the research showed that Parsabad and Beile Sawar are suitable for cultivation due to their altitude less than 1300 meters and Ardabil, Khalkhal, Sarein and Nair are highly restricted for cultivation due to their altitude greater than 1300 meters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Divine Lover According to Richard Rolle and Aḥmad Ghazālī with an Emphasis on Fire of Love and Sawāniḥ al –ushshāq
زهره Hemmat فاطمه LajevardiThis article compares the views of Richard Rolle (ca. 1300- 1349), an English hermit, mystic, writer and Bible interpreter and Aḥmad Ghazālī (ca. 1060- 1126), an Iranian mystic, writer and preacher on love. These mystics have spoken of love in detail in their works, Fir MoreThis article compares the views of Richard Rolle (ca. 1300- 1349), an English hermit, mystic, writer and Bible interpreter and Aḥmad Ghazālī (ca. 1060- 1126), an Iranian mystic, writer and preacher on love. These mystics have spoken of love in detail in their works, Fire of Love and Sawāniḥ al -ushshāq. This paper, shows that topics on love in these two books include: The essence of love, The beloved, Characteristics of a lover, Essentials of love and Results of love. Re-examining these categories illustrates the differences and similarities between the two mystics' views of the concept of love and lovers. The ideas of Rolle and Ghazālī are overlapping in the nature of love, but their views differ significantly on other topics. From Rolle's point of view, love cannot be realized except through the religious context and Christian ethics, and it only makes sense in relation to God, Christ and the Trinity. However, in Ghazālī's view, the ontological and psychological aspects of love and lover are more intense, and it is capable of being experienced in relation to God and his creatures. The present study compares the view of this two mystics on the Characteristics of lover in detail. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - A Novel Application of Combined Biological and Physical Method for Nitrate and Nitrite Removal from Water
Shabnam Shahveh Mehdi Sedighi Majid MohammadiBackground and Objective: Large amounts of nitrate and nitrite in water cause different diseases in human and jeopardize plants and animals growth cycles. In this study in order to remove nitrate and nitrite ions from input of sample water, including high concentrations MoreBackground and Objective: Large amounts of nitrate and nitrite in water cause different diseases in human and jeopardize plants and animals growth cycles. In this study in order to remove nitrate and nitrite ions from input of sample water, including high concentrations of nitrate by combining biological and physical methods a pilot was designed and tested. It should be noted that industrialization, cheap and availability of used materials in this pilot are benefits of this pilot. Method: The pilot was designed in the form of a cube with four drawers and a glass chamber at one end. The pilot drawers were filled with sawdust, wastewater (wastewater treatment plant in Islamic Azad University, Tehran) of treatment plant, including the best strain, handmade nitrate solution, the bentonite and twice washed sand. The experiments showed that the designed pilot in addition to the elimination of nitrate also removes the nitrite of the medium. The concentration of nitrate and nitrite was analysed by HACH/DR5000 spectophotometer. Findings: In the case of the pilot performance of the continuous system and using the strains taken from the wastewater of the treatment plant after the aeration phase, the nitrate and nitrite removal efficiency of the input of sample water in 20 minutes retention time were measured 74.84% and 99.8% respectively. Additionally, in the case of the pilot performance in the continuous system and using the strains taken from the sludge of the treatment plant wastewater before the aeration phase and the yeast, the nitrate and nitrite removal efficiency in 20 minutes retention time were measured 72.63% and 56.33% respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: During the experiments, the designed pilot had a promising role in the nitrate and nitrite removal. In the case of the pilot performance of the continuous system and using the strains taken from the wastewater of the treatment plant after the aeration phase, the maximum amount of nitrite and nitrate ions were removed. It should be noted that through the pilot performance in all cases, pH and temperature had an increasing and decreasing trend respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Analysis of Land Suitability to Locate Wind Power Plant in Ardabil Province Using AHP and SAW Methods in GIS Environment
Hamid reza Jafari Ali Azizi Hossein Nasiri Sepideh AbediAbstractFinding the best site for construction of wind farm such as any other engineering project needs basicinformation and specific programming. After confirmation of exploitable wind potential, finding thesuitable location of wind farm regarding to various technical, MoreAbstractFinding the best site for construction of wind farm such as any other engineering project needs basicinformation and specific programming. After confirmation of exploitable wind potential, finding thesuitable location of wind farm regarding to various technical, economic-social and natural factors areso important. This study analyzes land suitability for placing wind farm in Ardabil province regardingto some effective factors such as height, slope, and distance from urban areas, distance from villageregions, distance from water bodies and distance from main roads networks. For this purpose, at first 9effective factors are identified and prepared in GIS and weight of each criterion and classes arecalculated by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) methods.The next step of procedure was the elimination of exclusionary areas for wind power plant.Afterwards, the study area was zoned for each criterion using analytical functions of GIS. Finally byintegrating zoned maps based on weight from AHP and SAW methods, final map of both methods aresupplied in 5 classes from completely suitable to unsuitable. In this study comparing the results of 2methods expressive that AHP method results are more cautious than SAW results. Also Completelysuitable class resulted from 2 methods in spite of different area, shows Ardabil Plain and foothills ofSabalan could be considered as suitable site to exploit of wind energy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Investigation of the Strategies for Urmia Lake Management, Inspired by Experiences Gained from Wetlands and Lakes in the Region
Aida Ahmadi Madjid Abbaspour Reza Arjomandi Zahra AbediBackground: Development is considered as an undeniable part of modern human life. The sustainable viabilityof natural elements such as lakes and wetlands is not only essential for survival of all present and futuregenerations of human on the planet but also necessary fo MoreBackground: Development is considered as an undeniable part of modern human life. The sustainable viabilityof natural elements such as lakes and wetlands is not only essential for survival of all present and futuregenerations of human on the planet but also necessary for all habitats of the Earth. The purpose of this paper is toinvestigate the effects of climate change and development on existance of the regional lakes which in turn areone of the main factors of economic development in the area.Method and result: In this study, the effects of climate change and development program on few regional lakes,including Urmia Lake, are investigated and some recommendations are provided to take proper managementmeasures for the revival of Urmia Lake in order to prevent the dry out of this important natural ecosystem Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Prediction of Phenol Adsorption by Sawdust from Wastewater Using Intelligent Methods
Mohsen Keshavarz Tork Ahad Ghaemi Mansour Shirvani Background and Objective: Phenol presence and its derivatives in water and waste water on human health and the environment is one the major concerns. Because of the toxicity of phenol and also because of the presence of even low concentrations in natural resource More Background and Objective: Phenol presence and its derivatives in water and waste water on human health and the environment is one the major concerns. Because of the toxicity of phenol and also because of the presence of even low concentrations in natural resources, water disinfection and oxidation processes can lead to the formation of additional components. This material is one of the most common organic pollutants in water. In this research, adsorption of phenol from wastewater by sawdust was simulated using intelligent techniques. Method: Intelligent techniques including multi-layer Perceptron, radial basis functions network and support vector regression were used. To design the network structure as well as the training and testing of 125 sets of experimental data is used. Performance evaluation criteria and stop network consists of % AARE and, which is used for all three models. Findings: All models compared results showed that the support vector regression with 0.5132 and 0.979, respectively, for %AARE and is the best model. All models are better results than the quadratic polynomial model showed. Discussion and Conclusion: Models showed good agreement with experimental data. The optimum conditions for the removal of phenol were 127.6 mg/l of initial phenol concentration, 0.84 g/l of adsorbent dose, natural pH value of 3.62 and 146.9 min of contact time, under these conditions the maximum removal efficiency was 91.23%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Co-Composing of Municipal Waste and Sawdust for Preservation of Compost Moisture and Preventing Loss of Nitrogen From the Pile
Javad Yousefi Habibollah YounesiIntroduction: In Zahedan, about 0.8 ton sawdust generates in each day. This sawdust is landfilleddespite their good effects on composting process. The aim of the present study was to reuse theseserviceable wastes for improving C/N ratio, preventing nitrogen loss from th MoreIntroduction: In Zahedan, about 0.8 ton sawdust generates in each day. This sawdust is landfilleddespite their good effects on composting process. The aim of the present study was to reuse theseserviceable wastes for improving C/N ratio, preventing nitrogen loss from the piles and investigatingthe effect of sawdust on moisture content of composting piles.Methods: Four composting piles were prepared with 0% (blank), 16%, 32% and 70% sawdustadmixture. Once sampling was done in each week and samples were analyzed for the C/N ratio,moisture, nitrogen and carbon content.Results: The percent of decrease in moisture content was 33% in blank treatment, whereas thisdecrease was 15, 15 and 10% for 16, 32 and 70% respectively. Loss of moisture was decreased withsawdust addition and this is very important for arid and hot area because of water sources shortage.The optimum C/N ratio was observed in 16% treatment and loss of nitrogen was decreased withsawdust addition. The percent of decrease in nitrogen content was 30, 7, 7 and 15% for blank, 16, 32and 70% respectively. The maximum amount of nitrogen in final piles was observed in 16%treatment.Conclusion: Based on experimental data obtained, it can be concluded that sawdust caused water andnitrogen preservation in composting piles and it also improved undesirable and low initial C/N ratio.16% treatment was shown more desirable effects on composting process and compost quality amongother experimental treatments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Investigation of the Effect of Different Amounts of Sawdust on Physical and Chemical Parameters of Municipal Solid Waste compost
Javad Yousefi Habibollah YounesiIntroduction: Composting is one of the best methods for solid wastes disposal, therefore, some efforts seem tobe essential for improving its process and its products quality. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectof sawdust admixture on composting process o MoreIntroduction: Composting is one of the best methods for solid wastes disposal, therefore, some efforts seem tobe essential for improving its process and its products quality. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectof sawdust admixture on composting process of municipal waste and some physicochemical parameters ofcompost such as temperature, pH, EC, heavy metals concentration and nutrient content.Methods: 4 piles were prepared and different amounts of sawdust were added (0, 16, 32 and 70%). Every daythe temperature was measured within each pile; pH and EC were measured weekly; and heavy metals andnutrient content were measured in final products.Results: The pile without sawdust showed fluctuation in thermophilic temperature, and the gradual decrease intemperature was started on day 33, whereas this decrease was started on day 18 for 16 and 32% treatments. ThepH value was shown to increase on day 21 and then slightly decreased to end of process. The pH value in finalproduct was maximum in 0% treatment (8.1) and it was minimum in 70% treatment (7.73). The EC valueshowed a slight increase in all treatments during the composting process. Treatments with sawdust showed a lowEC value in final products. 0% treatment gave a maximum amount (4.884) of EC and 32% treatment gave aminimum amount (4.235) of EC. The concentration of heavy metals and nutrients, except for Na and K,decreased with sawdust admixture. This was due to dilution effect of sawdust because of low metal content. Naconcentration increased with sawdust admixture due to high content of Na in sawdust and used water.Conclusion: Temperature fluctuation was controlled in composting piles and thermophilic temperature waspreserved in active composting phase with sawdust admixture. Also compost quality was improved and heavymetals content decreased; therefore, the negative effects of compost on human health decreased with addition ofsawdust Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Application of Fuzzy Simple Additive weighting method for land evaluation for determination preservation land use in parcel A of Gheshlagh dam watershed in Kurdistan province, Western Iran
Fazlollah Ahmadi Mirghaed Babak Souri Mahtab Pir BavagharIntroduction and purpose: Land resources preservation is necessary to decrease environmental impact by human activities. There are various kinds of decision making methods to organize land resources preservation plans. In this study Fuzzy Simple Additive Weighting (FSAW MoreIntroduction and purpose: Land resources preservation is necessary to decrease environmental impact by human activities. There are various kinds of decision making methods to organize land resources preservation plans. In this study Fuzzy Simple Additive Weighting (FSAW) was applied for zoning parts of the study area which need to be preserved against any kind of land use. Materials and methods: At first, data collection was conducted and the effective criteria to decide preservation plans were defined and weighted based on verbal variables and triangular fuzzy number system. Finally, maps overlaid based on FSAW method for study area evaluation. Results: final classification of the study area showed that land classes for high, medium and low degree of priorities to apply preservation measures occupied 35, 58 and 8 percent of the study area, respectively. Discussion and conclusion: The results approved that suitability of a land is classifiable for various types of land uses using FSAW. Also according to the results; central and southern parts of the study area were in most need for preservation measures since intensive uses of land were mostly concentrated in those parts Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Investigation of pollution output in felling by chainsaw
Majid Lotfalian Naghimeh Badraghi Hamed NaghaviChainsaw is an important instrument in felling. The chainsaws that use in forest are working by gas and all of them have tow-stroke cycle engine. Gas is a combined cycle hydrocarbon with a different ratio in material that burning them is polluting th MoreChainsaw is an important instrument in felling. The chainsaws that use in forest are working by gas and all of them have tow-stroke cycle engine. Gas is a combined cycle hydrocarbon with a different ratio in material that burning them is polluting the air. This study was done in lower height forests of Mazandaran Wood and Paper Industries Co. (MWPI). The aim was study about amount of gas polluting the air from each cubic meter of wood production by chain saw in felling activities. Results show that the average consumption of gas for felling is 81.7 cc/m3 wood and the amount of scattered polluter were: Carbon Oxide 46.7 gr, Nitric Oxide 1.2 gr, Hydrocarbon 5.3 gr, Plumb 0.03 gr, Benzoapyrene 0.0001 gr, and Dust 0.007 gr. The lowest amount of scattered Co2 was 1.2 gr and the most amounts were 14.8 gr for felling each cubic meter of wood. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Commitment in Arabic literature (Al-Sharif Al-Radi and Ibn Maatouq Al-Hawizi, a balanced study)
hossin javanmardi javad saadonzadeh Sohad JaderiThis article aims, based on the descriptive analytical method, to examine the commitment aspects of the poetry of Sharif Al-Radi and Ibn Maatouq Al-Mousawi, because they are among the poets who reflected the commitment after he worked with them in their lives. Islamic a MoreThis article aims, based on the descriptive analytical method, to examine the commitment aspects of the poetry of Sharif Al-Radi and Ibn Maatouq Al-Mousawi, because they are among the poets who reflected the commitment after he worked with them in their lives. Islamic and Qur’anic verses since their childhood, this development led to their distance from immorality and immorality, as they left pure and honest poems far from vulgarity and immorality.This article also aims to analyze the hidden meanings in their poetry through study and analysis, as well as trying to acquaint the recipient with some of the ideas of these two great poets. The expression of these teachings indicates that the poets have practically adhered to these values and called everyone to them from the depths of their heart. Ibn Maatouq used the art of embodiment, and in this way he gave his verses much vitality and activity. It refers to the incident of Ghadir Khumm and uses the element of imagination to describe the events of that day. It also refers to the verse of purification in some of its verses. Ibn Maatouq used the method of calling a lot, as he addressed the Prophet (PBUH) using the phrase (my lord) and the word (my lord), whose appreciation is my lord. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - The Study of Sufism with Dynasty in Safavid and Qajar Period
masoud motallebi azeem Izadi OudloThe present research aims to investigate the position and quality of the Sufism relations with the dynasty in Safavid and Qajar period. Using the descriptive-analytical research method, the result show that mysticism in the first half of the Safavid realm and also in Mo MoreThe present research aims to investigate the position and quality of the Sufism relations with the dynasty in Safavid and Qajar period. Using the descriptive-analytical research method, the result show that mysticism in the first half of the Safavid realm and also in Mohammad Qajar’s realms have the most political power and they are considered one of the basis of power. Taking the key positions in authority, the Safavid established and promoted their political power and realm and became one of the most powerful forces while their power increasingly developed. However, when greediness and conspiracy of Kizilashes increased, the next kings of Safavid dynasty tried to suppress them and this dynasty lost its power by and by from the second half of Safavid governance. Having suppression the Safavid, most of them emigrated from Iran. Through establishing Zand dynasty in Iran and taking the power of the dynasty, Sufism (Tasawwuf) returned to Iran and resided in different cities and areas. The most critical tribe among them is Darvish Ne’matollāhī who gained very considerable influence in various parts of the country during Mohammad Shah’s period that their power increased again in political scenes and took high political status in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Searching Allegorical Tales with Animal Characters in Alluma' Fil-tasawwuf Abu Nasr Al-sarraj
habib kargar Abbasali vafaie Alireza ShabanluThe tales that they are the base of allegory has had a very important role in Sufism training. An example of these tales is some ones that an animal is a character of the tale. In this study, these types of tales was considered in Alluma' Fil-tasawwuf book written by Ab MoreThe tales that they are the base of allegory has had a very important role in Sufism training. An example of these tales is some ones that an animal is a character of the tale. In this study, these types of tales was considered in Alluma' Fil-tasawwuf book written by Abu Nasr Al-sarraj tusi(378). These kinds of Alluma' s tales are divisible to three general assortments: 1- real tales: these tales have taken place in the world or could have taken place. 2: fictional tales which were created by Sufism's fictions. 3: symbolic tales which the animal has a symbolic role in them. This type of tales is an endogenous event and it is the result of theosophist's subconscious. The main purpose of using all the stories in the texts of Sufism is to understand better the mystical material and to facilitate the teaching through the expression of the tale. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Investigating the Effectiveness of Jigsaw 2 Model and Traditional Learning on Reading Comprehension of Iranian Learners
Ramin Nozohouri Firooz Mahmoudi Naser Adhami Somayyeh Rasouli -
Open Access Article
23 - Effect of Different methods performance of cooperative learning on students general self- efficiency
محمد عظیمی قربان کیانی یوسف ادیب موسی پیریThe purpose of recent research was to compare the effect of cooperative learning patterns on learner’s self- efficiency in “Religion and life” of the trade school in second grade students. The statistics of this quasi-empirical research were trade scho MoreThe purpose of recent research was to compare the effect of cooperative learning patterns on learner’s self- efficiency in “Religion and life” of the trade school in second grade students. The statistics of this quasi-empirical research were trade schools’ pupils of Ardebil second region. A trade school was selected by multi-steps cluster random sampling and then two experimental groups and one control group was selected. There were 76 participants in this research: 27participants in the group research, 26 participants in jigsaw, and 23 participants in lecturer. The data instruments were the general self- efficiency test “sherer, 1987”. The validity of this research was shown by the confirmed factorial analysis and its validity was obtained 0.74 by Cranach alpha. Data analysis was done in two descriptive and inference statistics levels by Spss. MONOVA test results showed that the group research method and Jigsaw effectively increased pupils’ self -efficiency in comparison with the traditional education. Also LSD showed this method has a meaningful effect on self- efficiency and its related measures in comparison with the lecturer method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Effect of the cooperative learning on studentsâ educational performance and attitude on the basis of Jigsaw puzzle pattern
Fatemeh Khalvandi Maryam BazrafshanThe recent research was done to consider the effect of the cooperative learning method on the students’ educational performance and attitude in Arabic language on the basis of the Jigsaw puzzle pattern in the first grade of high school. The research method was qua MoreThe recent research was done to consider the effect of the cooperative learning method on the students’ educational performance and attitude in Arabic language on the basis of the Jigsaw puzzle pattern in the first grade of high school. The research method was quasi- experimental and a pre-test and post-test were used for the control group. The statistical population was 24 female students in the first grade of Baharestan high school (region two). They were divided into two experimental and control groups in peer groups by cluster sampling and random assignment. To collect data, it was used two researcher- made questionnaires attitude and academic achievement tests. By using split half method, the general reliability coefficient was 0.78 for the academic achievement questionnaire and Cronbach's alpha was 0.86 for the Linkert- type attitude questionnaire. The results of covariance analysis showed the education on the basis of cooperative learning and Jigsaw puzzle pattern meaningfully increased the student’s educational performance and attitude in Arabic language. Finally, the effect of the educational plan of the cooperative learning was discussed on the student’s educational performance and attitude in Arabic language on the basis of Jigsaw puzzle pattern. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - A Comparative Study of Virtual and Mystical Love from the Perspective of Ahmad Ghazali and Ayn Al-Quzat (with Emphasis on Sawaneḥ Al-oshagh & Tamhidaat
Mehdi Mohammadi Behnam Fe’li Khadije Safary Kandsary mohammad reza beigiHuman love, which often appears in Sufis’ teachings with the expression of virtual love, is one of the complex and difficult issues in Islamic mysticism. Some consider it to be the beginning of mystical love and some deny it. Ahmad Ghazali and Ayn ol-Quzat Hamedan MoreHuman love, which often appears in Sufis’ teachings with the expression of virtual love, is one of the complex and difficult issues in Islamic mysticism. Some consider it to be the beginning of mystical love and some deny it. Ahmad Ghazali and Ayn ol-Quzat Hamedani are among the first people who wrote about love, its types, moods and characteristics in a special way in Persian literature. In the present study, which was prepared using a descriptive-analytical method, an attempt has been made to answer this basic question, what is Ahmad Ghazali's and Ayn Al-Quzat's views on virtual and mystical love? And what are the points of commonality and difference between the two? The results of the research show that Ghazali considers speculation permissible by referring to prophetic hadiths, and on the other hand, he considers appearances as a bridge to reach the inner truth. Ayn Al-Quzat also considers it harmless to be attached to these appearances if it is in the way of connecting with God's beloved and beloved. Eternity, coercion and the dangerous path of love are common points of mystical love in accidents and plans.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Fumigant toxicity effects of hexane extract of three species of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus microtheca, E. globules & E. camaldulensis) on Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Coleoptera: Silvanidae)
Mona Fallahi Ahmad Heidari Saeid Moharamipour Sohrab Imani Aref MaroofDue to chemical and synthetic pesticides hazards on the environment and the human health, trend to using botanical and natural pesticides increased. Eucalyptus plant as a potential plant for pest control can be studied for this purpose. This experiment was conducted to MoreDue to chemical and synthetic pesticides hazards on the environment and the human health, trend to using botanical and natural pesticides increased. Eucalyptus plant as a potential plant for pest control can be studied for this purpose. This experiment was conducted to investigate the insecticidal effects of hexane extract of three species eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globules, E. microtheca & E. camaldulensis) on different developmental stages of Saw-toothed grain beetle (Oryzaphilus surinamensis) In this experiment larvae and adult were exposed to eucalyptus hexane extract for 24 hours under laboratory conditions 28±10C, 65±5% RH. LC50 values of three Eucalyptus hexane extract (E. microtheca, E. globules, E. camaldulensis) were estimated 1507, 1552, 1608 µl/l air and 2078,2172,2229 µl/l air for adult and larval stage respectively. According to values calculated, the adults insect were more susceptible than larval stage to eucalyptus hexane extract. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Effects of Sublethal concentrations of fungus Beauveria bassiana on the reproductive potentials of sawtoothed beetle Oryzaephilus surinamensis on commercial date cultivars
Masoud Latifian Ebrahim Soleimannejadian Mehran Ghazvi Mohammad Saeid Mosadegh Jamshid HayatiBeauveria bassiana (Balsamo) is an entomopathogenic fungus one of Oryzaephilus surinamensis L.. In this study effects of sublethal doses of pathogen on reproductive potential , the amount of oviposition and the percentage of egg hatching of sawtooth beetles MoreBeauveria bassiana (Balsamo) is an entomopathogenic fungus one of Oryzaephilus surinamensis L.. In this study effects of sublethal doses of pathogen on reproductive potential , the amount of oviposition and the percentage of egg hatching of sawtooth beetles were investigated in terms of feeding on three Dates cultivars including Sayer, Zahedi and Deiri long in vitro condition. Adults were treated by 5 sublethal doses including 102, 5×102, 103, 5×103 and 104 Spores in ml and compared by control. Then, the sublethal doses of reduced reproductive potential of each cultivar were calculated by using Log-Probit analysis method. The tested doses of pathogen had decreasing effects on fertility index. The synergist of fungal pathogen and cultivars on reduce fertility rates were gradually by the increasing pathogen doses. Minimum and maximum sublethal doses for reducing the 50 percent amount of oviposition were showed in population grew on Zahedi and Deiri cultivars and equivalent to 1.497×103 and 4.963×103 spores/ml respectively. Minimum and maximum sulethal doses for reduction 50 percent egg hatching were showed in population grew on the Zahedi and Sayer cultivars and, equivalent to 6.316×103 and 8.28×103 spores/ml respectively. The results of this study showed that the fungus B. bassiana had a significant effect in reducing the reproduction potentials. The pathogen ability to reduce the reproduction potentials was in addition depended on the fungi dose and Date cultivars that feeding by the pest. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Numerical solution of seven-order Sawada-Kotara equations by homotopy perturbation method
M. Ghasemi A. Azizi M. FardiIn this paper, an application of homotopy perturbation method is appliedto nding the solutions of the seven-order Sawada-Kotera (sSK) and a Lax'sseven-order KdV (LsKdV) equations. Then obtain the exact solitary-wave so-lutions and numerical solutions of the sSK and LsK MoreIn this paper, an application of homotopy perturbation method is appliedto nding the solutions of the seven-order Sawada-Kotera (sSK) and a Lax'sseven-order KdV (LsKdV) equations. Then obtain the exact solitary-wave so-lutions and numerical solutions of the sSK and LsKdV equations for the initialconditions. The numerical solutions are compared with the known analyticalsolutions. Their remarkable accuracy are nally demonstrated for the bothseven-order equations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Ranking of the ten districts of Tabriz metropolis based on the indicators of the creative city
Hossein Mohammadi Gazijahani bakhtyar ezatpanahToday, due to the rapid growth of urban communities and the complexity of its problems, the role of using new methods of urban management is more important than ever. In this regard, the idea of a creative city is one of the new debates that can lead cities to sustain MoreToday, due to the rapid growth of urban communities and the complexity of its problems, the role of using new methods of urban management is more important than ever. In this regard, the idea of a creative city is one of the new debates that can lead cities to sustainable development. This idea is able to free cities from existing deadlocks and turn them into a place for talent to flourish and innovate. In this regard, the present study has evaluated and prioritized the ten districts of Tabriz metropolis based on the indicators of the creative city so that the results can meet the needs and shortcomings of this city. The type of research is applied and its research method is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population of the study includes the total population of Tabriz metropolis equal to 1,593,373 people and based on Cochran's formula, 384 people were selected as a statistical sample. To analyze the data, one-sample t-test, Kruskal-Wallis, mean and Chi-square tests were used and in order to rank the regions of Tabriz, the SAW multi-criteria decision model was used.The results of the SAW test show that the status of urban space vitality and participation indicators is better than other indicators of the creative city. Also, region 2 of Tabriz with a final score of 0.171 is in the first place and region 7 with a final score of 0.074 is in the last ranks in terms of creative city indicators among the ten regions of Tabriz metropolis.Extended AbstractIntroduction:The world today is facing the phenomenon of urban growth and urbanization more than ever. So that the present century should be considered the century of globalization of cities. In this regard, the main competition in the process of globalization is more between urban centers than governments and nations (Maleki, & Shanbehpoor, 2019: 78). In the current situation, motivations, talents, dreams, desires and creativity. Citizens are gradually taking the place of traditional urban advantages such as natural resources, location and access to markets. In the future, the city will become a place for the emergence of all kinds of innovations, technologies, creativity and economic context dependent on intangible capital, knowledge and information, which should be in order to strengthen the new contexts of citizenship creativity and proper planning. And tried accordingly (Rafieeyan, & Shabani, 2015: 20).The realization of the creative city is one of the most important goals of modern societies. In this city, city officials provide the social and economic infrastructure and public services in the most up-to-date, efficient and productive way possible. The creative city is not only a space in which creativity grows, but also its management and organization are creatively designed and planned (Rahimi et al, 2013: 10). In recent years in Iran, the creative city approach has been of special interest to experts and city managers, and in order to develop the country's cities, the indicators of this approach have been used extensively. Considering the importance and position of creative industries, creative economy and creative class and recreation of urban space, the main question of the research is that Tabriz metropolis as one of the largest and most important cities in the northwest of the country in terms of realizing the concept of creative city Has it been able to take steps and provide the amount of infrastructure and substrates needed for the creative city to flourish? According to the above, the main purpose of the present study; Measuring the success rate of the ten regions of Tabriz metropolis in achieving the realization of the indicators of the creative city is that in this regard, first the components of the creative city are studied and then using these indicators to rank Ten areas of Tabriz metropolis have been taken action and finally, based on the results obtained and identifying the existing problems, solutions have been proposed to improve the existing conditions.MethodologyThis research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature and method. In order to collect the required data, both library and field studies (observation, questionnaire, etc). Have been used. The statistical population includes all citizens living in the city of Tabriz, which is equal to 1,593,373 people (in 2016). Also, using the Cochran's formula, 384 people were selected as a sample by simple random sampling. In the questionnaire prepared to rank the regions of Tabriz, the five main dimensions of the creative city, which are: participation, diversity of urban space, efficiency and effectiveness, communication technology, vitality of urban space are examined for each of the five dimensions, five indicators and a total Twenty-five indicators have been considered, the validity of which has been confirmed by university professors and urban affairs experts, and the reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha test of 0.703, which indicates its reliability. One-sample t-test, Kruskal-Wallis, mean and Chi-square tests were used to analyze the data and answer the research question. Then, SAW multi-criteria decision model was used to rank the ten districts of Tabriz metropolis.Results and discussionThe results of the study of the status of the indicators of the creative city in the metropolis of Tabriz, show that the status of all the indicators of the creative city such as; Participation with the statistic of -19.008, urban spatial diversity with the statistic of -13.94, efficiency and effectiveness with the statistic of -10.73, communication technology with the statistic of -8.26 and the vitality of the urban space with -5.58 lower than Numerical utility is estimated to be 3. Thus, it should be said that the situation of the creative city is not favorable from the citizens' point of view and requires careful and logical attention and planning by the officials and those in charge of urban development. According to Kruskal-Wallis test, the indicators of urban space vitality and participation are better than other indicators of creative city. Also, based on the ranking obtained from SAW technique, region 2 of Tabriz with a final score of 0.171, region 3 with a final score of 0.109 and region 1 with a final score of 0.106 in the first to third ranks in terms of city indicators Creative and Region 10 with a final score of 0.071 and Region 7 with a final score of 0.074 are in the last ranks in terms of indicators of the creative city among the ten regions of Tabriz metropolis.As a result, Tabriz metropolitan areas 2 and 3 are in very good condition, districts 1 and 4 are in good condition, districts 8 and 6 are in average condition, districts 5 and 9 are in poor condition and districts 10 and 7 are in very poor condition in terms of indicators. Creative cities are located among the ten districts of Tabriz metropolis.ConclusionBased on the results of the present study, in general, it can be said that the new methods of urban management and planning in the management of modern cities have a special place that without considering this, it will not be possible to solve the problems of cities. In this regard, the study of creative city indicators as one of the new methods that has been studied on a case-by-case basis in Tabriz, indicates that the city of Tabriz is far from reaching the appropriate level of creative city indicators. There are many that cannot be solved without the attention of the officials and managers of urban affairs in Tabriz and the full participation of residents. Because the most basic indicators discussed in relation to the creative city are mainly issues related to urban management issues such as creating spatial diversity, promoting and developing the use of new technologies, increasing urban vitality, etc., and on the other hand in relation to the participation index. Citizens can play an effective role in improving the situation of Tabriz city in terms of having creative city indicators by actively participating in urban affairs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - A Combination of FSAW and DOE Method with an Application to Tehran Stock Exchange
Salameh Barbat Mahnaz Barkhordariahmadi Vahid Momenaei Kermani -
Open Access Article
31 - Investigating the Mathematical Models (TOPSIS, SAW) to Prioritize the Investments in the Accepted Pharmaceutical
Reza Jamei -
Open Access Article
32 - Lethal Strength and Compatability of Bacillus thuringiensis with Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae in Stored Date Pest (Oryzaephilus surinamensis and Ephestia kuehniella) Control
Hadi Ostovan m. latifiyan نگار bahmani sh hesami -
Open Access Article
33 - Use of Sawdust of Aspen Tree for the Removal of Chromium (VI) from Aqueous Solution
M.T. Hamed Mosavian I. Khazaei M. AliabadiAdsorption capacity of Cr (VI) onto sawdust of aspen tree and activated sawdust, was investigated in a batch system by considering the effects of various parameters like contact time, initial concentration, pH , temperature, agitation speed, absorbent dose and particle MoreAdsorption capacity of Cr (VI) onto sawdust of aspen tree and activated sawdust, was investigated in a batch system by considering the effects of various parameters like contact time, initial concentration, pH , temperature, agitation speed, absorbent dose and particle size. Cr (VI) removal is pH dependent and caused to be maximum at pH 2.0. The amounts of Cr(VI) adsorbed increased with increase in dose of both adsorbents and their contact time. Experimental results show that the low cost biosorbent was effective for the removal of pollutants from aqueous solution. The Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm were used to describe the adsorption equilibrium studies of agrowaste. Freundlich isotherm shows better fit than Langmuir and Temkin isotherm in the temperature range studied. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Selection of suitable extraction method for Mahallat travertine mines using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)
Saeed Dehghan Ghasem Sattari Hamed Boustanzar Mohammad- Ali AliabadiNowadays various methods such as wire saw, chain saw and water jet can be used to extract dimensional stones.These methods have some advantages and disadvantages in respect to different criterion such as technical,economical, geological, and environmental and etc. There MoreNowadays various methods such as wire saw, chain saw and water jet can be used to extract dimensional stones.These methods have some advantages and disadvantages in respect to different criterion such as technical,economical, geological, and environmental and etc. Therefore, choosing a suitable method in stone mineextraction to achieve more efficiency considering technical and environmental aspects is necessary. In this paperfor selection suitable extraction method for travertine mines in Mahallat, analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) andExpert Choice software is used. For this purpose, eight criteria including geological aspect, environmentalaspect, extraction time, cost, safety, cutting quality, application facility and performance method and threeextraction alternative including wire saw, chain saw and water jet have been taken into account. Regarding toresults of AHP analyze the chainsaw method with priority of 0.471 is the best mining extraction method forquarry mines in Mahallat. The results show that replacement of chainsaw method instead of usual method (wiresaw) caused to improvement of technical, economical, geological and environmental conditions of travertinemines of Mahallat. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - تحلیل الگوی پراکنش و ساماندهی مراکز بهداشتی (مطالعه موردی: منطقه 7 شهرداری تهران)
نبی مرادپور محمد ابراهیمی مرتضی آذری مهناز حسینی -
Open Access Article
36 - Types of welding process and relationship with defective rate in structural fabrication for oil & gas project
Mohd Amran Mohd Daril Abd. Rahim Sidek Mohamad Ikbar Abdul Wahab Khairanum Subari Sobia Irum Nohman Khan -
Open Access Article
37 - Sensitivity Analysis of Simple Additive Weighting Method (SAW): The Results of Change in the Weight of One Attribute on the Final Ranking of Alternatives
Azizollah Memariani Abbas Amini Alireza Alinezhad -
Open Access Article
38 - Investigating the Effect of Participatory Learning on Individual Self-Efficacy and Student motivation With the Approach of Jig Saw
Ali Khalegkhah Nasrin Oroojy Habibeh NajafiThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of participatory learning of Jig-Saw on academic motivation self-efficacy and of secondary high school students. This study was semi experimental carried out in two groups of control and the experiment (pre-test an MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of participatory learning of Jig-Saw on academic motivation self-efficacy and of secondary high school students. This study was semi experimental carried out in two groups of control and the experiment (pre-test and post-test). The statistical population of this study includes all students of the 10th grade high school of Enbrand in the academic year of 2016 with a total of 2958 people. The sample size was estimated by Kerjesi-Morgan table 62 number Which were selected through available sampling. The data gathering tool included two standard questionnaires - Harter's academic motivation (1981) and Sherer; s Individual self-efficacy (2003). data were analyzed using SPSS18 software. Results: The results of the findings showed there was a significant difference between the academic motivation (F = 950/371; p < 0.05) and individual self-efficacy (F = 1374/436; p < 0.05). The participatory learning method is effective in increasing the students' academic motivation and self-efficacy compared with the traditional lecture method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - تاثیر درسکارهای تصمیمی و جورچین بر تقویت توانای های شنیداری و گفتاری زبان آموزان انگلیسی به عنوان زبان خارجی
Gholam-reza Abbasian فرزانه چنابیهدف ازاین پژوهش بررسی تاثیردرسکارهای تصمیمی وجورچین بر تقویت توانایی­های شنیداری و گفتاری زبان اموزان ایرانی درسطح متوسط بود. بدین منظور از میان 75 زبان آموز دختر ایرانی 60 نفر به عنوان گروه همگون از نظر تئانایی زبانی بر اساس آزمون نلسون انتخاب شدند. جهت سنجش توانای Moreهدف ازاین پژوهش بررسی تاثیردرسکارهای تصمیمی وجورچین بر تقویت توانایی­های شنیداری و گفتاری زبان اموزان ایرانی درسطح متوسط بود. بدین منظور از میان 75 زبان آموز دختر ایرانی 60 نفر به عنوان گروه همگون از نظر تئانایی زبانی بر اساس آزمون نلسون انتخاب شدند. جهت سنجش توانایی­های شنیداری وگفتاری زبان اموزان قبل وبعد از اموزش ازبخش های شنیداری وگفتاری ازمون PET استفاده شد. به منظور بررسی نقش درسکارهای جورچین وتصمیم گیری برتوانایی­های شنیداری وگفتاری، شرکت کنندگان به دوگروه ازمایشی A و B تقسیم شدند. گروه ازمایش A براساس درسکارتصمیم گیری وگروه ازمایش B براساس درس کارجورچین درمعرض اموزش مهارتهای شنیداری و گفتاری به مدت 12 جلسه 45 دقیقه­ای قرارگرفتند. به منظور تجزیه و تحلیل اطلاعات، امارتوصیفی واستنباطی محاسبه شد. نتایج نشان داد زبان اموزانی که درس کار شنیداری وگفتاری جورچین را تجربه کرده بودند بهتر از انهایی که براساس درس کار تصمیم­گیری اموزش دیده بودند عمل کردند. یافته­های این پژوهش ضمن تایید نقش آموزش درسکتر محور، موید نقش متمایز نوع درسکار در تقویت مطلوب مهارت زبانی مورد نظر می باشد. Manuscript profile -
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40 - تاثیر ترکیب مهارتهای زبان بر اشتغال ذهنی حاصل از فعالیت زبانی
عاطفه امینی پرویز مفتوناین نظریه توسط لافر وهالستاین در سال 2001 مطرح شد که اشتغال ذهنی را مبتنی بر میزان سه مولفه (ضرورت و جستجو و ارزیابی ) واژگان در طی یک فعالیت زبانی میداند. از نظر آنها هر چه درجه این سه مولفه یا میزان اشتغال ذهنی بالاتر باشد میزان به خاطر سپردن و یادگیری لغات بیشتر خواه Moreاین نظریه توسط لافر وهالستاین در سال 2001 مطرح شد که اشتغال ذهنی را مبتنی بر میزان سه مولفه (ضرورت و جستجو و ارزیابی ) واژگان در طی یک فعالیت زبانی میداند. از نظر آنها هر چه درجه این سه مولفه یا میزان اشتغال ذهنی بالاتر باشد میزان به خاطر سپردن و یادگیری لغات بیشتر خواهد بود. بدین منظور 64 زبان آموز ایرانی پس از عملکردشان در آزمون تعیین سطح پت برای این تحقیق انتخاب شدند. سپس به دو گروه جیگ ساو(گروه A) و اینفورمیشن گپ (گروه B) تقسیم شدند و بطور تصادفی در آنها برگزیده شدند. در واقع تحقیق حاضر به دنبال پژوهش در این مساله است که کدامیک از فعالیت های اشتغال ذهنی, اینفورمیشن گپ یا جیگ ساو تاثیر بیشتری در یادگیری(سپردن در حافظه کوتاه مدت) و به خاطر سپردن واژگان ( ذخیره در حافظه بلند مدت) دارد.این در حالی است که درجه اشتغال ذهنی جیگ ساو بالاتر از اینفورمیشن گپ است. محقق در طول 10 جلسه صد لغت را آموزش داد و نهایتا با یک پس-آزمون فوری , بلافاصله پس از اتمام تسک و یک پس-آزمون بعد از یک ماه میزان موفقیت گروهها بررسی کرد. نتایج حاصل این تحقیق نشان داد که گروه A یعنی جیگ ساوکه اشتغال ذهنی بیشتری داشته اند در پس آزمونهای فوری موفقتر عمل کردند .اما در پس آزمونی که بعد از یک ماه برگزار شد هر دو گروه نتایج نزدیکی به هم داشته اند. در واقع در این تحقیق نظریه لافر وهالستاین بطور نسبی تایید شد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Comparison Indicators of quality of life of opinion of the citizens (Case study: Two region city of ardabil)
Chanoor Mohammadi Hossein NazmfarNowadays quality of life and quality of urban life focuses mainly on urban environment And review of necessary and important it is that this has always been the prime concern of planners. The population tends to concentrate in cities around the world, one of the main re MoreNowadays quality of life and quality of urban life focuses mainly on urban environment And review of necessary and important it is that this has always been the prime concern of planners. The population tends to concentrate in cities around the world, one of the main reasons the concept of quality of life studies. A person's quality of life shows the benefit of, not just the things that they have, but all that person the opportunity to choose their options. This study measures the quality of life for the citizens of the district is two city of Ardabil. Applied research, field data collection (questionnaire) and C (library) and the purposes of the study, the subject and nature is a cross-sectional study. Statistical society were selected two the city of Ardabil the region's thirteen districts, which uses a sample of 385 samples And with a choice of 6 index security, personal well-being and social welfare, economy, communications (transport), housing and the environment using the Shannon entropy weighting and Comparison of quality of life of the saw. The results show the district two Ardabil terms of quality of life there is a huge difference the highest inequality index individual well-being and social welfare. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - The ranking of the cities of East Azarbaijan province in terms of cultural development indicators using multi-criteria decision-making models
Mirnajaf Moosavi ebrahim moammare mehdi khodadadThe use of scientific methods for studying and leveling the regions in terms of developing cultural aspects has led to the recognition of the level of inequalities and is a criterion for trying to reduce and eliminate existing inequalities among them. Therefore, in this MoreThe use of scientific methods for studying and leveling the regions in terms of developing cultural aspects has led to the recognition of the level of inequalities and is a criterion for trying to reduce and eliminate existing inequalities among them. Therefore, in this research, we tried to study the differences and inequalities between the cities of East Azarbaijan province in terms of the status and levels of cultural indicators. To provide a clear and transparent picture of cultural facilities and services in the form of regional development planning and the determination of the degree of inadequacy. The present study is descriptive-analytical and quantitative. Statistical population includes all the cities of East Azarbaijan province. The statistics and information required from the statistics of the planning and budget organization of the East Azarbaijan governorate have been prepared using data from 10 cultural indicators of 1394. The Shannon entropy method was used to obtain the coefficient of importance of the indices and for analysis, multi-criteria decision making models TOPSIS and SAW were used. The indicators used in this study are: X1 Number of members of the Children's Intellectual Development Center, X2 Number of cinemas, X3 Number of centers for intellectual development of children and adolescents, X4 Number of public libraries, X5 Number of printers, X6 Showroom, X7 Number of spectators , X8 Number of seats for cinemas, X9 Number of cinema halls, X10 Number of members of public libraries. The results indicate an imbalance in the distribution of cultural indicators. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Indicators of City Development Strategy In the worn-out area of the middle cities of Mazandaran province
yaser ghasemi asadollah divsalar pari shokri firozjah Mahnaz KeshavarzOne of the important and decisive factors in the development, dynamism and stability of any urban community is the comprehensive policy and planning in the context of the organization of urban old and worn- out texture. Planning and management of the organization of urb MoreOne of the important and decisive factors in the development, dynamism and stability of any urban community is the comprehensive policy and planning in the context of the organization of urban old and worn- out texture. Planning and management of the organization of urban worn-out texture can, in addition to Promoting the quality Standard of living the worn -out neighborhoods Residents ,lead to sustainable development in all aspects of urban life. In the past few decades, due to the inadequacy of common urban development policies in the context of organizing worn-out texture, it's necessary to use a new approach such as City Development Strategy (CDS) for regeneration. In this regard, the purpose of this study is evaluation and analysis of City development strategy indicators in the central worn-out area of middle cities of mazandaran province. the method used in this research is descriptive-analytical and in terms of purpose is development –applied. data collection method is library studies and field data collection using questionnaires.The collected data was entered into the SPSS software and inferential statistics and entropy and SAW models has been used for data analysis. The results of research indicate that central area of the studied cities don't have a favorable situation with in accordingto good City development strategy indicators. Among the indicators of City development strategy, the highest rate of realization is related to the livability index with an average of 2.39 and a distribution of -10.89, and the lowest level of realization is related to the Bankability index with an average of 2.24 and a distribution of -12.26. Accordingto the saw model, the city of Qaemshahr in terms of the City development strategy indicators has better status in comparison of other cities and ,the city of Babol is in the final ranking. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Synthesis of NiFe2O4/sawdust nanocomposite for oil-water separation
Azita Seyed Shariatdoost Mohammad Yousefi pirouz derakhshi Aliakbar Safekordi kambiz larijani -
Open Access Article
45 - Synthesis of NiFe2O4/sawdust nanocomposite for oil-water separation
Azita Seyed Shariatdoost Mohammad Yousefi Pirouz Derakhshi Aliakbar Safekordi Kambiz Larijani -
Open Access Article
46 - Consideration of the Mechanical Properties of Sawdust Concrete
ali foroughi asl sahar nozouhourConcrete as the most commonly used materials in the construction is of particular importance and according to structures retrofitting in various lateral forces to reduce human and economic damage, light and its impact are considered on a variety of structures. Concrete MoreConcrete as the most commonly used materials in the construction is of particular importance and according to structures retrofitting in various lateral forces to reduce human and economic damage, light and its impact are considered on a variety of structures. Concrete with lower density can lead to lighter structures in a way that using concrete with specific gravity of less than 1900 Kg/m3 and compressive strength more than 17 MPa in reinforced concrete structures is considered by many design engineers. Using of Sawdust in mix design of concrete is one way to reduce the density of concrete. In this research the percentage replacements of sand by sawdust were (0%, 15%, 25% and 35%). The size of test sample concrete adopted was 100x100x100 for compressive strength and 200x100 for tensile strength. The samples were removed from their moulds after 24 hours and allowed to cure 7,14 and 28 days. The results show that 25% Sawdust replacement of Sand with the compressive strength of 19MPa and density of 1904 is the optimal choice. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - تاثیرتکنیکهای جورچین ومحفل ادبی بر تقویت مهارت نگارش استدلالی در میان زبان آموزان ایرانی
فاطمه غلامیانهدف اصلی مطالعه حاضر بررسی دو تکنیک مشارکتی، جورچین ومحفل ادبی، بر تقویت مهارت نگارش استدلالی در میان زبان آموزان ایرانی بود. برای این منظور، از روش کمی و پیش آزمون-مداخله-پس آزمون استفاده شد. شرکت کنندگان این مطالعه شصت زبان آموز ایرانی بودند که به طور تصادفی در دو گرو Moreهدف اصلی مطالعه حاضر بررسی دو تکنیک مشارکتی، جورچین ومحفل ادبی، بر تقویت مهارت نگارش استدلالی در میان زبان آموزان ایرانی بود. برای این منظور، از روش کمی و پیش آزمون-مداخله-پس آزمون استفاده شد. شرکت کنندگان این مطالعه شصت زبان آموز ایرانی بودند که به طور تصادفی در دو گروه آزمایشی همگون یعنی گروه جورچین و گروه محفل ادبی قرار گرفتند. هرگروه بر اساس عملکرد آنها در آزمون تعیین سطح آکسفورد شامل 30 شرکت کننده بودهرگروه در یک پیش آزمون نگارش استدلالی شرکت کردند، سپس مداخله ها برای هر گروه اجرا شد و در نهایت، آنها در یک پس آزمون نگارش استدلالی شرکت کردند. نتایج نشان داد که اجرای تکنیک محفل ادبی منجر به بهبود آماری معنا داری در نگارش استدلالی توسط زبان آموزان ایرانی می شود. علاوه بر این، یافته ها نشان داد که استفاده از تکنیک جورچین باعث بهبود آماری معنا داری در عملکرد نگارش استدلالی توسط زبان آموزان ایرانی می شود. مقایسه تأثیر دو تکنیک مطالعه نشان داد که گروه ومحفل ادبی از گروه جورچین بهتر عمل کرده است. این مطالعه نتایجی را برای معلمان، زبان آموزان و مولفین برنامه درسی رشته ی آموزش زبان ارائه می دهد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Introduction of sulfonated bamboo (bamboo-SO3H) as a new catalyst for the facile synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes
Farimah Mazloom Kalimani Abdollah Fallah Shojaei Laleh Samavi -
Open Access Article
49 - Effect of Litter Material and Elevated Platform Enrichment on Behaviour and Welfare of Broiler Chickens in Closed-House System
K.K.S. Kapuarachchi R.M.A.S. Bandara T.I.G. Prabashwari -
Open Access Article
50 - The effect of Fire of Wheat Residues and Sawdust on Soil Water Repellency
Atefeh Mohammadzadeh Kamran MohsenifarCrop residue burning has been proved to have negative impacts on regional atmospheric environment, soil organic material, reduce soil fertility for long term and soil and water pollution. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Burning the wheat MoreCrop residue burning has been proved to have negative impacts on regional atmospheric environment, soil organic material, reduce soil fertility for long term and soil and water pollution. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Burning the wheat residue and sawdust on the water repellency of soil. For this purpose, sampling was done of soil surface (0-15 cm) in the east of Ahvaz city in four treatments: sawdust, burned sawdust, wheat residue and burned wheat residue, with 3 replications in ratio of 5, 10 and 25 presents by weight. for measure soil water repellency, was used water drop penetration time (WDPT) method. Analysis of obtained data and mean comparisons were done with using SPSS software and drawing charts with Excel. The results showed that the average water drop penetration time into the soil was 116.33 seconds, the soil was placed in the strongly water repellent class. With the addition sawdust and wheat residues to the soil, were decreased the amount of water penetration into the soil. So that the (WDPT) time from 116.33 in blank treatment decreased to 62.67 and 47.67 second (respectively) in the 25% treatment. The water repellency class was changed from strongly to slightly water repellent. But burned sawdust and burned wheat residues were increased the amount of water penetration into the soil, so that the (WDPT) from 116.33 in blank treatment increased to 923 and 1008.33 second (respectively) in the 25% treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - On the Enjoyment Level Measurement of Markazi Province Cities in terms of Tourism Infrastructures
sh. isalou A. khaksari rafsanjani M. saidi radTodays, tourism is considered as the most important income generating activities, specially in order to reduce dependence on oil in the country and in some recent decades, has attracted the attention of many scholars, planners, and planners in various fields of science MoreTodays, tourism is considered as the most important income generating activities, specially in order to reduce dependence on oil in the country and in some recent decades, has attracted the attention of many scholars, planners, and planners in various fields of science to the development and implementation of the industry's expansion plans. Among the topics and programs that require special attention to provide tourists satisfaction and boost the tourism market of the country is the topic of tourism infrastructure. This study was conducted to determine the distribution of tourism infrastructure in Markazi province and ranking of cities in terms of level of utilization using Topsis-Saw technique and to determine the distribution of infrastructure, Pearsonian's Skewness Coefficient was used. The present study was descriptive-analytic and the required data had been gathered by documentary and library method. The results show that counties Arak, Saveh and Khomein and also, counties Khandab and Farahan had the first and the last grades, respectively. Also, the results of using Pearsonian's Skewness Coefficient showed the imbalance and weakness of the cities of the province in terms of having a tourism infrastructure. Therefore, prioritizing the cities of this province in terms of criteria such as tourism potential, sphere of influence, developmental stimulus regions, and incentive to invest in order to optimize the distribution of infrastructure is imperative to review and take serious action which had to be reviewed and taken action seriously in development and logistics documents of the Markazi province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Spatial Analysis of Earthquake risk vulnerabilities using combined multivariate models (Case Study: Region 2 of the Municipality of Tabriz)
Hassan MahmoudzadehClose proximity to the fault of Tabriz in the Region two of the Municipality of Tabriz, increasing the number of areas and densely populated areas, increasing the load on the environment, Complexity and the multitude of factors in the earthquake hazard zoning and the sp MoreClose proximity to the fault of Tabriz in the Region two of the Municipality of Tabriz, increasing the number of areas and densely populated areas, increasing the load on the environment, Complexity and the multitude of factors in the earthquake hazard zoning and the spatial role of them make necessary applying multivariate decision maker, to determine the degree of vulnerability. The main objective of this paper is to determine the vulnerability in SAW and TOPSIS methods. For this purpose, multi-criteria assessment methods based on the TOPSIS and SAW used for produce and analysis of different layers of land use map. Natural and human factors influencing in Vulnerability zonation map identified and was overlaid with the land use map. Based on the TOPSIS and SAW, from the total area of 2104.83 hectares, about 729.61 hectares of vulnerability in areas with very low to low in the southern parts, 350.08 hectares in the vulnerabilities average in the center and 1025.14 hectares of vulnerability high to Very high in the northern and northwestern parts of the Region two. Land use map overlaps with hazard zonation map, show 400 hectares of residential use in the high to very high class risk. So, the plan to locate the temporary housing sites, Retrofit construction during the time and modify sensitive land use location to other land uses on the final map of hazard zonation map. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Explanation and evaluation of educational development in the Kerman province
amin kakadezfooli anis kakadezfooli aliasghar abdolahiUnreasonable and disproportionate focus in the areas of biological resources, economic development - socially unequal geographical areas will follow. Something that is reflected in their diverse geographical landscape and urban growth can be found. The urban network in MoreUnreasonable and disproportionate focus in the areas of biological resources, economic development - socially unequal geographical areas will follow. Something that is reflected in their diverse geographical landscape and urban growth can be found. The urban network in such a process is unbalanced performance. To create balance and to shape adequate and homogeneous spaces discuss regional planning, economic inequality of knowledge, social and cultural areas are different. The aim of this study was to identify the current model of the spatial distribution of educational development in the city of Kerman province. The research is applied and the method of cross-examination. The research data were collected from the Statistical Yearbook of Kerman province in 1390, And by software, EXCEL, GIS, and also methods TOPSIS, VIKOR, SAW and using the results of three models are combined Kaplan. The results show that the spatial distribution of educational development in the province of Kerman has been very uneven and is in stark contrast to the space justice. This inequality has occurred in the geographical area and population. Longitude most developed city in the north of the province are located. The population of the city has been the development of further training that have more population. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Optimization model for remanufacturing in a real sawmill
Lorena Pradenas German Bravo Rodrigo Linfati -
Open Access Article
55 - The Mystical Attitude of Ahmad Ghazali and Transformation of Pure Love of Layla and Majnun
Soheilā Namāz Alizādeh Asharf-o-Sādat MousavilarThe scholars in the field of mysticism have expressed a variety of ideas about the concept of love, which show the importance of it in Iranian religious thoughts. Ahmad Ghazali (452 -520 AH) created a dramatic change in the nature of love by writing mystical works. He p MoreThe scholars in the field of mysticism have expressed a variety of ideas about the concept of love, which show the importance of it in Iranian religious thoughts. Ahmad Ghazali (452 -520 AH) created a dramatic change in the nature of love by writing mystical works. He presented a new interpretation of the story of Layla and Majnun's love in Sawāneh, his first work in the field of love in Persian language. In Arabic literature, Layla and Majnun love story is a kind of pure love (Ishq-e Azrā) or Platonic love. By using descriptive-analytical method, in the present article the attempt is made to consider the stages of the transformation of pure love of Layla and Majnun in Ahmad Ghazali's thoughts and to answer this question: In a comparative study, how do we interpret the similarities and differences between the Layla and Majnun love in Ahmed Ghazali's attitude and the pure love in Arabic literature? The results show that, based on Ghazali's romantic and mystical principles, virtuous, secular, painful, unending and pure love transforms to admirable, divine, pleasant and hopeful love and leads to perfection. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Intertextual Relationship between Sawāneh Ol-'Oshshāq & Abhar al-'Āshiqin
منصوره مختاری محبوبه مباشری قدم علی سرامیSawāneh Ol-'Oshshāq, a treatise by Ahmad Ghazālī (c. 1061–1123 or 1126), and Abhar al-'Āshiqin, another treatise by Ruzbihan Baqli Shirazi (d. 1209), have common points in mode of expression, language usage and content. The simultaneous and intertextual reading ca MoreSawāneh Ol-'Oshshāq, a treatise by Ahmad Ghazālī (c. 1061–1123 or 1126), and Abhar al-'Āshiqin, another treatise by Ruzbihan Baqli Shirazi (d. 1209), have common points in mode of expression, language usage and content. The simultaneous and intertextual reading can lead to change our views about these texts and acquaint us with their common features and special features of their own. Based on Gérard Genette’s ideas, the intertextual reading of the texts reveals that the Abhar al-'Ashiqin is, explicitly and implicitly, influenced by Sawāneh Ol-'Oshshāq in selecting words, terms and proper names and allusions to Quranic verses, Tradition (hadith), and mystical stories and terms. Their intertextual relationship is much deeper and extensive than direct influence and adaptation which may appear. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Marxist criticism with the analysis of Sawareh Ilkhanizadeh's poems
bahar kazemi jamal ahmadiMarxist is a form of literary criticism about the relationship between society and literature. In Marxist criticism, the basis of literature analysis is the historical conditions of the creator. Hence, for the Marxist crititic, knowing the historical backgro MoreMarxist is a form of literary criticism about the relationship between society and literature. In Marxist criticism, the basis of literature analysis is the historical conditions of the creator. Hence, for the Marxist crititic, knowing the historical background is highly important. occupation of Iran and the Kurdistan region after World War I A current dominates Kurdish literature, which influences many Kurdish writers and intellectuals under the influence of Marxism and Communism. Savare Ilkhanizadeh (1316-1354) is one of the prominent poets of contemporary Kurdish poetry in the 40s and 50s. Like many intellectuals of that time, he was influenced by the ideological currents of his time. According to the requirements of his time, Saware has chosen symbolic language for his poems. He tries to express his thoughts in a mysterious language. In this research, which was carried out by descriptive-analytical method, using library sources, it is tried to analyze the components of Marxist criticism in his poetry, while examining the symbolic language of his poems. The results indicate that the political and social conditions of Saware's time had an impact on his poems and these poems were a means of expressing his thoughts and ideology, which are Marxist-socialist thoughts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - به کارگیری رویکرد تصمیمگیری چند معیاره فازی در ارزیابی سهام و تشکیل پرتفلیو
کامران پاکیزه حسین فلاح طلب -
Open Access Article
59 - Removal of thiocyanate ions from aqueous solutions using polypyrrole and polyaniline conducting electroactive polymers
Reza Ansari Nilofar Khoshbakht Fahim, Ali Fallah Dellavar -
Open Access Article
60 - Sawdust as a natural and low cost adsorbent for the removal of brilliant cresyl blue dye from water samples
Shahla Elhami Arshia Sharali Shokooh Khaloo -
Open Access Article
61 - Modified Sawdust as an Efficient Adsorbent for the Removal of Eosin Y Dye: Optimization, Isotherm, Regeneration of Adsorbent, and Real Sample Studies
Leila Afrasiyabi Shahla Elhami Rostam ShabaniIn the current investigation, the utilization of sawdust was modified through chemical means employing diethylenetriamine. This modified form of sawdust served as an effective adsorbent for the purpose of adsorbing Eosin Y dye from aqueous samples. The chemical modifica MoreIn the current investigation, the utilization of sawdust was modified through chemical means employing diethylenetriamine. This modified form of sawdust served as an effective adsorbent for the purpose of adsorbing Eosin Y dye from aqueous samples. The chemical modification procedure was thoroughly examined, comparing the fourier transform of infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) before and after the modification. Various factors including solution pH (ranging from 2 to 6), adsorbent dosage (ranging from 0.2 to 2.0 g L-1), contact time (ranging from 5 to 35 min), agitation rate, and initial dye concentration (ranging from 20 to 1000 mg L-1) were investigated. Remarkably, the modified sawdust exhibited a notable uptake capacity at ambient temperature and successfully removed approximately 96% of the Eosin Y dye with a mere 1.2 g L-1 of adsorbent in just 5 minutes. Moreover, it was discovered that the adsorbent maintained its promising adsorption ability even after undergoing ten cycles of adsorption and desorption. The Freundlich isotherm model was employed to determine the adsorption parameters. This methodology was also implemented to eliminate dye from authentic samples of diverse water sources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - The Concept of joyance and its Synonyms from the View Point of Khayyam , Khagani and Salman Sawaji
Mas'ud Partovi Nejad Foomani Mohammad Reza Shad Manamen Alireza NikooeeAbstract Joyance, the internal tranquility, which causes the human mentality to understand and have pleasure, is manifested by cheerfulness and smiling expression in man. Nowadays, numerous criteria are introduced to create jo MoreAbstract Joyance, the internal tranquility, which causes the human mentality to understand and have pleasure, is manifested by cheerfulness and smiling expression in man. Nowadays, numerous criteria are introduced to create joy and relative decrease of sadness which some of them have little or short term impact on hilarity of man. Literature and poems of poets have had increasing effect on people's minds and souls in different settings. One of the most significant matters from the view point of poets is joyance and its derivatives; therefore, in this essay, we have tried to investigate the matter of happiness from the three poets' perspectives, and it was revealed that Khayyam, besides his philosophical and mathematical insights , considers the world ephemeral and invites people to joy and happiness and to take advantage from the short life. Khagani, in addition to his knowledge in other sciences, calls his readers to have pleasure in life and by alluding to festivals, ceremonies, and kings' feasts and description of nature encourages the common people to have high spirit. Salman Sawaji considers love mostly spiritual and emphasizes on internal joy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Prioritizing organizational strategies
Seyed Heidar Mirfakhraddini Ali Morovati Sharifabadi mehran mohammadiToday, most organizations require strategic planning to increase their capabilities, long-term growth and long-term survival, and reduce the risk of their operations. After formulating strategies, it is important to determine the priority of using strategies, which can MoreToday, most organizations require strategic planning to increase their capabilities, long-term growth and long-term survival, and reduce the risk of their operations. After formulating strategies, it is important to determine the priority of using strategies, which can be used with multi-indicator decision-making models. One of the actions that increases the impact of strategic planning is to prioritize the use of strategies. Multiple criteria decision-making models are used in a variety of contexts such as risk assessment, supply chain management, strategic planning, production environments, raw material selection, weapon systems assessment, and so on. The main purpose of this paper is to compare the results of the QSPM matrix and the SAW and TOPSIS techniques to prioritize the strategies for theSharq Sazeh Kavir company. The population includes board of directors and Sharq Sazeh Kavir Company employees, CEOs of construction and contracting company of Yazd and civil engineering faculty of Yazd University, Managers and Deputy Director- General of Roads and Urban Development of Yazd province. Data needed for this study is extracted from available expert opinions. To carry out this research, strategic planning for the East Structural Company was initially carried out and the strategy was determined by the SWOT matrix. Then defensive strategies recognized suitable for Sharq Sazeh Kavir by using SPACE matrix and then these strategies were ranked by using QSPM Matrix. In the next sectionall identified strategies were ranked using SAW and TOPSIS techniques. Comparing the results of the QSPM matrix and the SAW and TOPSIS technique, shows the similarity of all three methods in ranking the defensive strategies, as well as the difference between SAW and TOPSIS techniques in ranking all strategies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - - Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating to International Carriage By Air
Elnaz Chelongar - Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating to International Carriage By Air, signed at warsaw on 12 October 1929 ICAO Doc. 7838 (WarsawConvention) . -Convention Supplementary to the Warsaw Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating t More - Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating to International Carriage By Air, signed at warsaw on 12 October 1929 ICAO Doc. 7838 (WarsawConvention) . -Convention Supplementary to the Warsaw Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating to International Carriage by Air Performed by a Person Other Than the Contracting Carrier, Signed in Guadalajara, on 18 September 1961, [Guadalajara Convention 1961]. -Protocol to Amend the Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules Relaing to International Carriage by Air, signedat Warsaw on 12 October 1929, Done at the Hague on 28 september 1955, the Hague Protocol 1955, ICAO Doc. 7632. -Protocol 1977.P.117.to Amend the Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating to International Carriage by Air, Signed at Warsaw on 12 October 1929 as amended at The Hague on 28 September 1955, [Guatemala City Protocol, 1971]. Manuscript profile
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