• List of Articles پیری

      • Open Access Article

        1 - Salt Domes of Bastak, Hormozgan Province and its influence on the soil and water Resources
        Mohammad Ebrahim Afifi Parviz Kardavani
        Bastak Region is located in the northwest of Hormazgan Province. It is consideredas one of the poor regions of the country according to it's water resources while 7.24billion cubic meters of water run down to the sea in the form of waste water and floodsin Hormozgan eac More
        Bastak Region is located in the northwest of Hormazgan Province. It is consideredas one of the poor regions of the country according to it's water resources while 7.24billion cubic meters of water run down to the sea in the form of waste water and floodsin Hormozgan each year without any further accessibility to it.Saline, alkaline and heavy ground water or the surface water flowing through thesaline formations are used for the irrigation of most agricultural territories of thisregion. However , the high level of ground water and severity of evaporation have stillreduced the soil fertility.On the other hand , the importance of water in this region increases with regard tothe dispersion of saline geological formations and improper quality of ground water.People suffer from the shortage of fresh and agricultural water most of the year. Thisregion is under the influence of two geological factors ie. The general folds of Zagrosmountaion chains and the phenomenon of diapirism.In addition to the saline and alkaline states of the soil, erosion has also largelyinfluenced on the decrease of its fertility. Therefore , this research mostly seeks for theeffective geomorphic evidence of the soil and water resources of the region while wehope to detect and offer some guidelines for it.Finally, salt domes are introdusing as one of the main factors of the salincty ofwater and soil in this region, We have used field activities and library and documentalmethods for achieving this purpose. Controling salinity plans should be implementedto prevent any further damage to the soil and water resources although manydifficulties are encountered when enforcing them due to several reasons. Thus, wehave tried to offer some reasonable suggestions base on two mechanical and biologicalstracthers for the reservation of soil and water resources according to regionalconditions. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Prediction of remained pyrite fraction within a coal waste pile with using of multivariate regression method
        Behshad Jodeiri Shokri Faramarz Doulati Ardejani Sadegh Karimpouli
        Background and Objective: Acid mine drainage (AMD) is one of the most environmental problems which is caused by mining activities. It may be generated from oxidation of sulfide minerals (specifically pyrite) in mining wastes, ore and mineral processing. As a result, pre More
        Background and Objective: Acid mine drainage (AMD) is one of the most environmental problems which is caused by mining activities. It may be generated from oxidation of sulfide minerals (specifically pyrite) in mining wastes, ore and mineral processing. As a result, prediction and measurement of pyrite can play a key role in investigation of AMD process. In this paper, a relationship based on multivariate regression is suggested for predicting of remained pyrite fraction within a coal waste pile located nearby Alborz- Sharghi coal washing plant. Method: For this purpose, the model uses the most important factors (independent variables) including depth, mole fraction of oxygen, local temperature and cumulative annual precipitation (from the initial deposition of the wastes within the pile) as input parameters and returns the remaining pyrite fraction (dependent variable) in the related depth of the pile as its output. Findings: The results of the laboratory experiments reveal that the fraction of pyrite remaining gradually increased at the lower depth where the oxygen diffuses from the surface to 2 m of the pile. A comprehensive statistical analysis was conducted after obtaining and collecting of the required data which caused all the possible relationships among the target and independent variables to be suggested and presented. Then, the best model (relationship) according to Efroymson’s the step wise regression method was presented to predict of the remained pyrite fraction within the pile. Discussion and discussions: The relatively high confidence level of the suggested model (87%) reveals its appropriate reliability. A strong correlation (R2=90%) between validation data and suggested model also confirms the desirable reliability of the model. The proposed model is recommended to be applied in similar coal waste piles and will economize time and cost in investigation of AMD process on the environmental management issue of mining wastes.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        3 - بررسی اثرات اسیدسالیسیلیک بر طول عمر گل‌های بریده ژربرا(Gerbera Jamesonii)
        هوشنگ حیدر نژادیان بهروز اقبالی
        Manuscript profile
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        4 - Effect of Piriformospora indica on seedling growth of canola and some weed species
        masoume Dehghan Banadaki Goudarz Ahmadvand
        In order to evaluate fungal colonization of roots of canola and some weed species eight separated trails were carried out as completely randomized design with 5 replications in 2017 and 2018. Experimental factores were fungal inoculation of Piriformospora indica and non More
        In order to evaluate fungal colonization of roots of canola and some weed species eight separated trails were carried out as completely randomized design with 5 replications in 2017 and 2018. Experimental factores were fungal inoculation of Piriformospora indica and non inoculatrdcontrol on nine plant species of Brassica napus, Cardaria draba L., Sisymbrium irio L., Descuaraiana Sophia L., Capsella bursa pastoris Medik., Sinapis arvensis L., Avena ludoiviciana Dureu. and Phaiaris minor Retz.. After filling out pots with 0.6 lit of autoclaved soil, germinated seed were transferred in to the pots and were thinned after wards, leaving two seedlings per pot. Plants were harvested 10 weeks after transplanting. Total biomass, root length colonized and P.indica growth responses were analyzed. The results showed the effects of different fungi on canola and weed species growth were varied. The percentage of colonized roots was different among plant species. The highest root colonization by fungi was observed in canola by 50.49 percent and the lowest one was observed in S. arvensis L . Total dry weight of in species C.bursa-pastoris, C.draba, S.arvensis and P.minor was decreased by colonization of fungi. Fungi growth response of weeds was different from -16.33 to +50.49. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        5 - The effect of four weeks of aerobic exercise on cognitive function and expression levels of PGC1α and VEGF genes in the hippocampus of old rats
        Ensieh Ahmadpour Maghsoud Peeri Mohammad Ali Azarbayjani
        Aging is an important risk factor for cognitive functions. On the other hand, exercise improves brain health and improves cognitive functions. However, the mechanisms of these benefits have not yet been fully elucidated. Therefore, the present study was conducted with t More
        Aging is an important risk factor for cognitive functions. On the other hand, exercise improves brain health and improves cognitive functions. However, the mechanisms of these benefits have not yet been fully elucidated. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of four weeks of intermittent aerobic exercise with moderate intensity on cognitive function and the expression level of PGC1α and VEGF genes in the hippocampus of old rats. For this purpose, 20-month-old male Wistar rats were divided into 2 exercise training groups (number = 8 heads) and control (number = 8 heads). The animals of the sports group performed intermittent aerobic training with moderate intensity for 4 weeks, 5 days a week. In order to investigate learning and spatial memory, the animals were subjected to the Morris water maze test 48 hours after the last training session. Then, the animals were killed and the hippocampal tissue was extracted. Real time-PCR method was used to measure gene expression. Statistical analysis was done using independent t-test and Pearson's correlation coefficient at a significant level of P£0.05. The results showed that aerobic exercise improved learning performance (P ≥ 0.05) and spatial memory (P ≥ 0.001) and the expression level of PGC1α (P ≥ 0.01) and VEGF (P ≥ 0.001) Increasing. Also, a significant positive correlation between PGC1α gene expression and VEGF gene expression in the hippocampus was observed (p≥0.001, r=0.894). In addition, there was a significant inverse relationship between VEGF gene expression and the average time spent to find the platform (p≥0.05, r=-0.578), and there was a significant positive relationship with the time spent in the quadrant of the target circle (p≥0.01, r=0.713). In general, aerobic exercise improves learning performance and spatial memory in old animals; It seems that exercise-induced upregulation of the PGC1α/VEGF signaling pathway in the brain is at least partially involved in this adaptation. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        6 - Investigation the conformational stability2-methyl-pyrimidin-4-ol using Quantum chemical
        Kheyrollah Mehrani Hajar Sahebalzamani
        The conformational structure of compound 2-methyl-pyrimidine-4-L was investigated after structure optimization using quantum calculations based on HF and DFT density functional theory at B3LYP level with basic function 6-311++G(d, p). And the most stable conformation st More
        The conformational structure of compound 2-methyl-pyrimidine-4-L was investigated after structure optimization using quantum calculations based on HF and DFT density functional theory at B3LYP level with basic function 6-311++G(d, p). And the most stable conformation structure was determined using energy calculations for the desired compound. Electron transfer in visible-ultraviolet spectroscopy using PCM, energy gap using the difference between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), Frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) at gas phase and solvent phase (ethanol and chloroform) have been studied. Also, the natural bonded orbitals have been calculated by DFT/B3LYP/6-311 ++G(d, p) method to investigate the molecular chemical reactivity. Manuscript profile
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        7 - Theoretical Study of Some Imidazo[1,2-a]Pyrimidines: Structural Optimization, Mechanism and Spectroscopy
        maryam khashi ali beyramabadi abolghasem davoodnia niloofar vafaeenejad
        In this research, density functional theory calculations were used to optimize the structure of imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine derivatives and for comparing the theoretical and experimental data of NMR and FTIR spectra. All structures were optimized using the B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p More
        In this research, density functional theory calculations were used to optimize the structure of imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine derivatives and for comparing the theoretical and experimental data of NMR and FTIR spectra. All structures were optimized using the B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) computational level. Comparison of energy levels showed that the hydrogen bonds can play an important role in the stability of isomers. Also, the activation energy of the three reactions was calculated by evaluation of the transition state energy. The study of the activation energy showed that isomers with ester functional group were participated faster than isomers with carboxylic acid functional group in the reactions of nucleophilic acyl substitution. Also, comparison of theoretical and experimental data of NMR and FTIR spectra showed good agreement with experimental data. Manuscript profile
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        8 - Structural study of a new copper complex using experimental method and quantum calculations and its application in the synthesis of pyranopyrimidines as catalyst
        sadegh allameh Raheleh Omidinia S. Ali Beyramabadi Ali Morsali Mehdi pordel
        Abstract Piranopirimidine deivatives have the structure like uracil and Some of them have biological and medicinal activities. In this research for the first time, a simple, efficient and environmentally friendly method for the synthesis of a number of pyrano[2,3-d]pyri More
        Abstract Piranopirimidine deivatives have the structure like uracil and Some of them have biological and medicinal activities. In this research for the first time, a simple, efficient and environmentally friendly method for the synthesis of a number of pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidines using a new copper(II) complex based on vitamin B6-derived Schiff base Has been reported. A number of methods reported for the synthesis of these compounds have many disadvantages such as long reaction time, low yield and drastic reaction conditions. This three-component synthesis includes condensation of barbituric acid, malononitrile, and aromatic aldehydes. The Schiff base that used as ligand to prepare the catalyst in this reaction has four differrent tautomers, and quantum calculations showed that the OHOH tautomer in the methanol solvent was more stable tha the others and the copper complex is based on this tautomer. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        9 - Preconcentration of trace amounts of lorazepam in aqueous samples by functionalizing graphene oxide with 2-aminopyridine
        ali moghimi Milad Abniki
        In this study, an approach was used to preconcentrate lorazepam in water samples. This study has tried to present a new method of solid phase diffusion extraction of small amounts of pharmaceutical effluents as an indicator of Lorazepam drug in aqueous samples by graphe More
        In this study, an approach was used to preconcentrate lorazepam in water samples. This study has tried to present a new method of solid phase diffusion extraction of small amounts of pharmaceutical effluents as an indicator of Lorazepam drug in aqueous samples by graphene oxide with 2-aminopyridine and its measurement by visible and ultraviolet spectroscopy in real samples. This method includes a two-phase system in which the donor phase of the aqueous sample contains lorazepam and the acceptor phase is functionalized graphene oxide. Experiments were performed in two stages of extracting water samples including lorazepam drug desorption using ammonia solvent and the desorbed samples were submitted to UV-Vis spectrophotometer for further analysis. This method is cheap, simple and fast, and it is also a sensitive and reliable method for extracting, preconcentrating and measuring small amounts of lorazepam. The effective parameters on drug extraction, which include: the effect of pH, the amount and type of detergent solvent, and the extraction time, have been investigated. The concentration factor is 19, the detection limit of the method is 1.1 µg/L, and the relative standard deviation is 2.17%. Manuscript profile
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        10 - Preparation, Characterization and Evaluation of Catalytic Activity of FeIII(OH)[O2C-C6H4-CO2] Metal-Organic Nanostructures for the Synthesis of Pyrazolopyranopyrimidines
        M.A. Ghasemzadeh M.S. Hojjat-Najafi B. Mir-Hosseini
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        11 - Integration of the predatory bug Deraeocoris lutescens with some conventional insecticides and plant-derived chemicals to manage Aphis fabae
        Sedigheh Soleimani Nasab Kamal Ahmadi Mohammad Khayrandish Kashkooei
        The black bean aphid, Aphis fabae Scopoli (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is one of the most important pests of several cultivated crops throughout the world. The predatory bug Deraeocoris lutescens (Schilling) (Hemiptera: Miridae) have privileged position in biological control More
        The black bean aphid, Aphis fabae Scopoli (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is one of the most important pests of several cultivated crops throughout the world. The predatory bug Deraeocoris lutescens (Schilling) (Hemiptera: Miridae) have privileged position in biological control of aphids such as the black bean aphid, A. fabae. The other method to control aphids is the usage of insecticides and plant-derived chemicals. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is an ecosystem approach to crop production and protection that combines different management strategies and practices to grow healthy crops while minimizing the use of pesticides. Recently, there has been a growing interest in research concerning the possible use of plant extracts as alternatives to synthetic insecticide. In this study, the integration of D. lutescens (N1 and N5 instar) with plant extracts of Peganum harmala L. and Melia azedarach L. and two conventional insecticides (pirimicarb and abamectin) is surveyed to manage A. fabae (1-2 and 5-6 days old), and also study the impacts on the predatory bug. Among different treatments, integration of N5 instar of the predatory bug with P. harmala has the highest aphid (1-2 days old) mortality rate (%95.33±0.60), and integration of N5 instar as the natural enemy with pirimicarb has the highest effect to manage 5-6 days old aphids (%94.00±0.71). Manuscript profile
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        12 - Deltamethrin and Chloropyrifosresidue determination on greenhouse tomato in Karaj by Solid Phase Extraction
        Shahrzad Mohammadi Sohrab Imani
        Considering the abundant application of pesticides, the subject of pesticides and their exceeded residues on harvested crops is important issue in agriculture. For this purpose, comprehensive and several studies on agricultural products should be done to prevent of ente More
        Considering the abundant application of pesticides, the subject of pesticides and their exceeded residues on harvested crops is important issue in agriculture. For this purpose, comprehensive and several studies on agricultural products should be done to prevent of entering of contaminated samples in using cycle. In this study, among 29 fruits and vegetable markets in Karaj, 10 of them in different parts of the city were considered, and 25 samples were randomly prepared for each specimen, weighing 2 kg. Samples in laboratory were extracted by using Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) and with the help of N method were concentrated and extracts were injected into High Performance Liquid Chromatograph (HPLC), Gas Chromatograph (GC/NPD), GC/Mass Spectrometer (GC/MS) devices for measuring the residue. Obtained data were compared with WHO/FAO and national Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) codex by T-test.The results showed that for chlorpyrifor 6 and 20 numbers (24 and 80%) of samples based on WHO/FAO and MRL codex respective, and for deltamethrin 14 numbers (56%) of samples based on WHO/FAO codex have had exceeded contamination of insectides. Manuscript profile
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        13 - Investigation of Salinity and Moisture on the Germination of Weed Seeds Mallow,Barnyard grass and Johnson grass in Terms of Deterioration of Seeds
        Ghodratolah Fatahi Eynolah Hesami Nima Ardalan
        In order to evaluate the effects of seed deterioration on capability of seed germination and seedling of three weeds-Malva neglecta L., Echinochloa crus-galli L.and Sorghum halepense L.-under saline stress conditions, an experiment was conducted at university of Ramin i More
        In order to evaluate the effects of seed deterioration on capability of seed germination and seedling of three weeds-Malva neglecta L., Echinochloa crus-galli L.and Sorghum halepense L.-under saline stress conditions, an experiment was conducted at university of Ramin in Khuzesatan. The arrangement was factrorial in form of a completely randomized design with 4 replications (RCD) in 2012. In  this experiment, The first factor was weed seeds at 3 levels (Malva neglecta, Echinochloa crus-galli and Sorghum halepense), the second factor was deterioration treatments at 4 levels (0, 3, 5 and 7 days‌), and the third factor was salinity (0,4,8 and 12dSm-1), and the forth factor was moisture stress at 3 levels (saturation field capacity(FC) and 50%FC). The results of experiment showed that seed deterioration and saline stress reduce all  measured characteristics including time, speed, uniformity, persentage and emergence index, germination percentage, radicle length, plumul length, vigos index, and seedling dry weight. A significant difference was observed at %1 level. Saline stress resulted in reduction of determined characters in the experiment. Whwrase in Wherase in Malva niglecta moisture Stress of 50% FC, FC and saturation reduced percentage of germination, in barnyard grass and johnsongrass the highest germination percentage was observed in saturation tseated seeds and the least percentage of emergences was observed in %50 FC treated seeds. Our results indicated that seed deterioration increased the  effect of salinity on weed seedling establishment and seed germination.   Manuscript profile
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        14 - بررسی اثر کاربرد توام حشره کش پیری پروکسی فن و قارچ بیمارگر (Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff روی موریانه خاک زی Amitermes vilis در شرایط آزمایشگاهی
        M. Rashid A. Baghdadi A. Sheykhi Garjan M. Ghazavi
        Termites are one of the most important insect pests in many countries of the world such as Iran. The use of Insect growth regulators (IGRs) together with entomopathogenic fungi is one of the strategies of IPM against these pests. In this study, The effect pyriproxyfen&n More
        Termites are one of the most important insect pests in many countries of the world such as Iran. The use of Insect growth regulators (IGRs) together with entomopathogenic fungi is one of the strategies of IPM against these pests. In this study, The effect pyriproxyfen  with M. anisopliae was assayed on worker termite of Amitermes vilis. In order to determine the LC50 of insecticides, bioassay tests were carried out on  worker termites. The LC50 of M. anisopliae was 8.5× 103 spores/ml and LC50 for pyriproxyfen was 9.56  mg/L. Three concentrations of entomopathogenic fungus including 5× 101, 5× 102 and 103 spores/ml were mixed with LC15 (0.5 ppm) of pyriproxyfen. The bioassay of the three mixtures on worker termites showed that M. anisopliae and pyriproxyfen had  an additive interaction and the mixture of fungi concentrations with pyriproxyfen can be used for termite control. Manuscript profile
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        15 - Evaluation of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) (Lep., Noctuidae) resistance to insecticides Thiodicarb, Chloropyrifos and Diazinon
        M. Ahmadi Sh. Goldasteh B. Amiri Besheli Z. Rafiei E. Sanatgar
        The sugarbeet armyworm is one of the most important pests of sugar beet in Iran. However it is considered as a polyphagous pest. Owing to the inefficacy of most commonly used insecticides for the pest control, this study evaluated the sensitivity of two populations of t More
        The sugarbeet armyworm is one of the most important pests of sugar beet in Iran. However it is considered as a polyphagous pest. Owing to the inefficacy of most commonly used insecticides for the pest control, this study evaluated the sensitivity of two populations of the third instar larvae of Spodoptera exigua from two regions of Juibar and Gharakhil (north of Iran) to the insecticides Diazinon, Chloropyrifos, and Thiodicarb using enzymatic assessment. The results showed that the esterase activitiesof the third instar larvae of Juibar and Gharakhail colonies to thiodicarb was 0.196 and 0.302, for Chloropyrifos was 0.174 and 0.314 and for Diazinon was 0.099 and 0.285 μM /min/mg protein respectively. Based on the enzymatic activity, it can be reckoned that Spodoptera exigua from Juibar are more sensitive than those from Gharakhil. Enzymatic activity at various doses of pesticides showed significant differences between doses of the insecticides in the two populations. Increasing in dose of insecticides results decreases in esterase activities in Gharakhil and increase in population of Juibar. This indicates that the population of the beet armyworm in Gharakhil region is more resistant to the applied insecticides on population of Juibar. Manuscript profile
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        16 - Green Synthesis of Biocompatible Nanocomposite Containing Iron Oxide Using the Extract of the Artemisia Plant and Its Application in the Removal of Organophosphorus Toxins from Agricultural Waters
        Roya Behrooz Nahid Rastakhiz Dadkhoda Ghazanfari Enayatollah Sheikhhosseini Sayed Ali Ahmadi
        10.30495/sarj.2022.1967734.1089
        Today, the widespread use of organophosphorus insecticides such as chlorpyrifos in agriculture has caused serious environmental problems, and it seems necessary to provide a solution to eliminating these substances. Iron oxide nanoparticles are one of the types of nanop More
        Today, the widespread use of organophosphorus insecticides such as chlorpyrifos in agriculture has caused serious environmental problems, and it seems necessary to provide a solution to eliminating these substances. Iron oxide nanoparticles are one of the types of nanoparticles that are widely used in the environment due to their good magnetic properties and ability to absorb pollutants. Nanoparticles are prepared in different ways. Recently, the use of green synthesis methods of nanoparticles using plant extracts has attracted the attention of researchers due to its compatibility with the environment. In this research project, the green synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles in the matrix of polylactic acid nanofibers was prepared with the plant extract of Artemisia as an effective and cheap super absorbent for agricultural water treatment. Then, the effect of this adsorbent in the removal of chlorpyrifos poison and the effect of variables affecting absorption such as contact time, amount of adsorbent, temperature and pH in this process were investigated. Analysis of the structure of the composition showed that iron oxide nanoparticles are well stabilized in polylactic acid nanofibers and the average size of nanoparticles is 29 nanometers. Also, the results of the absorption test by nano adsorbent showed that the maximum amount of absorption to remove chlorpyrifos is done at pH=7 and with an amount of 0.7 grams of adsorbent, and the prepared adsorbent can be reused after 5 times of recycling. Therefore, it can be concluded that due to the presence of iron oxide nanoparticles, the nanocomposite made can increase the absorption capacity of agricultural toxins. Manuscript profile
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        17 - Quantitative structure–activity relationship on a series of imidazole [1, 2-a] pyridinecarboxamide derivatives as anti-tuberculosis agents
        Mohsen Nekoeinia Saeed Yousefinejad
        Tuberculosis drug resistance is still one of the most important challenges in the treatment of this infectious disease, and therefore the discovery and development of new effective anti-tuberculosis drugs are always of interest to researchers. In this study, Quantitativ More
        Tuberculosis drug resistance is still one of the most important challenges in the treatment of this infectious disease, and therefore the discovery and development of new effective anti-tuberculosis drugs are always of interest to researchers. In this study, Quantitative structure – activity relationship (QSAR) analysis was applied on a series of imidazole[1,2-a] pyridinecarboxamide derivatives as anti-tuberculosis agents. The biological activity of the 18 derivatives were estimated by multiple linear regression and artificial neural network approaches. The four molecular descriptors (nCl, MATS8m, BELe4 and GATS8e) were selected by using stepwise multiple linear regression. The best results of artificial neural network were obtained with a 5-5-1 architecture trained with the feed forward backpropagation algorithm. An external test set containing 5 compounds for evaluating the model's predictive ability was used. The results showed that the artificial neural network approach provides better predictive power compared with multiple linear regression. According to the results of this study, electronegativity, atomic masses and molecular geometry have been found to be important factors controlling the anti-tuberculosis activity. Manuscript profile
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        18 - Ferric ion and pyrite effect on the oxidation-reduction reaction of chalcopyrite surface using electrochemical techniques and thermodynamic calculations
        Hossein Nourmohamadi Valeh Aghazadeh
        Acidic dissolution of chalcopyrite in the presence of ferric ion is a scientific challenge that is the subject of research by many researchers. The role of pyrite has also been studied as catalyst and enhancer of chalcopyrite leaching. Previous studies have shown the ch More
        Acidic dissolution of chalcopyrite in the presence of ferric ion is a scientific challenge that is the subject of research by many researchers. The role of pyrite has also been studied as catalyst and enhancer of chalcopyrite leaching. Previous studies have shown the chalcopyrite electrochemical leaching in the presence of oxidants, and oxidation-reduction reactions depend on reaction environmental conditions. In this paper, in addition to electrochemical techniques (cyclic voltammetry and chronoamprometry), mathematical calculations and thermodynamic equations have been used to investigate the effect of ferric ion and pyrite on oxidation-reduction reactions of chalcopyrite. First, the oxidation-reduction reactions of chalcopyrite surface by cyclic voltammetry in acidic medium and then the effect of ferric ion addition on these reactions have been investigated. Then effect of pyrite presence along with the ferric ion (pyrite / ferric ion) is studied by the above method. The results of cyclic voltammetry method showed that ferric ion and pyrite increased the anodic and cathodic peak intensities and had a positive effect on chalcopyrite surface reactions. Also results of chronoamprometry and thermodynamic studies showed increase of free energy of chalcopyrite oxidation reaction in the presence of pyrite which was -22.45 kJ/mol. Manuscript profile
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        19 - Role of Diapirism on Stratigraphy Evolution of Mangrak Salt Dome Basin (South West Firozabad)
        anahita keynezhad Ghis Badkhashan Moomtaz Moslem Ghavam Abadi Zahra Rezaee
        The studied area is located in South West of Firozabad city in Fars province, south west of Iran, and structurally situated in Zagros zone. Tectonically, the area  is active and has numerous salt domes.  Existence of thick layers of salt in Hormuz complex and More
        The studied area is located in South West of Firozabad city in Fars province, south west of Iran, and structurally situated in Zagros zone. Tectonically, the area  is active and has numerous salt domes.  Existence of thick layers of salt in Hormuz complex and consequently appearance of salt domes in this area, effected on the ancient deposition and sedimentary basin. Salt rising on one side and subsidence of sedimentary basin on another side, caused of drastic changes in sedimentary basin near the salt dome. Range of changes is related to the depth of sedimentary basin and tectonic movements, during Permian period to present. During of sea regression and transgression periods in the wide Zagros basin, these changes effected significantly in salt dome rising areas. To achieve this goal, Mangarak salt dome in the southwest of  Firozabad was chosen and researched data. The result of these studies indicate that salt dome has been rising at late Cretaceous - Paleocene and found great changes in thickness of sediments which around it.Absolutely, this salt dome existed before deformation of Zagros basin and probably it has been exposed such as island in late paleogene and Neogene (such as the Persian Gulf Island’s salt domes). Manuscript profile
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        20 - Role of Diapirism on Structural Deformation of the Zagros Basin, based on “Mangarak” and “kuh-Jahani” salt domes (South West of Firozabad)
        anahita keynezhad Ghis Badakhshan Momtaz Moslem Ghvam Abadi Zahra Rezaei
        Manuscript profile
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        21 - روشهای متداول کاهش صدا در صنایع نساجی
        بهرام جمشیدی محمد اصابتی اسماعیل غنیان
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        22 - Effect of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) on Phenological Traits, Grain Yield and Yield Components of Three Maize (Zea mays L.) Cultivars
        عباس Soleimani Fard H. Naseri Rad R. Naseri E. Piri
        To evaluate the effect of bio-fertilize on yield and its components in maize cultivars, an split plot experiment based on randomized complete bock design with three replications in was conducted in Payam-noor University of Ilam, Iran, in 2009-2010. Treatments were culti More
        To evaluate the effect of bio-fertilize on yield and its components in maize cultivars, an split plot experiment based on randomized complete bock design with three replications in was conducted in Payam-noor University of Ilam, Iran, in 2009-2010. Treatments were cultivar (SC604, SC704 and SC807) assigned to main plots and bio-fertilizer (non- inoculation, inoculation with Azetobacter, Azospirillum and dual inoculation ofAzotobacterand Azospirillum) to subplots. The effect of cultivar on days to maturity, plant height, dry matter, ear length, stem diameter, number of grain per ear row, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, biological yield and protein content was significant cultivar. SC 704 had the highest dry matter (259.5 g.m-2), plant height (201.1 cm), number of grain per ear row (42.8 grain), grain yield (10850 kg.m-2), and biological yield (22040 kg.m-2). The effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on all traits expect harvest index was significant. Dual inoculation ofAzotobacterand Azospirillum had the longest days to ear initiation (71.2 days), days to maturity (115.4 day), number of leaves above ear (5.6 ear), dry matter (240.4 g.m-2), ear length (24.3 cm), plant height (212.4 cm), seed number of rows per ear (14.5 row), number of grains per row (44.2 grain), grain yield (10190 kg.m-2), biological yield (21320 kg.m-2) and protein content (10.7%). Interaction effect of cultivar× plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on grain yield was significant. The highest and lowest grain yield was obtained from SC 704 and application of dual inoculation ofAzotobacterand Azospirillum (12320 kg.ha-1) and lowest from SC 604 when inoculation treatments were not used 7570 kg.ha-1 respectively.  Manuscript profile
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        23 - Effects of Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria and Irrigation Levels on Physiological Traits and Yield of Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)
        Sanaz Rajabi Khamseh Abdolrazagh Danesh-Shahraki Mohammad Rafieiolhossaini Keramatollah Saeedi Mahdi Ghobadinia
        10.30495/jcep.2019.666250
        To evaluate the effects of plant growth promoting bacteria and irrigation levels on some physiological traits and yield of flax, a split-plot experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of Agricultural More
        To evaluate the effects of plant growth promoting bacteria and irrigation levels on some physiological traits and yield of flax, a split-plot experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of Agricultural Faculty of Shahrekord University in 2015. The main factor was three irrigation levels (100 % of full irrigation as control, 75 and 50 % of full irrigation) and the sub-factor was seven levels of plant growth promoting bacteria (no inoculation as control and inoculation with Bacillus SP. strain1, Bacillus SP. strain2, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Azotobacter Chroococcum, Pseudomonas putida and Azospirillium lipoferum). The interaction effect of irrigation and bacterial inoculation on relative water content, cell membrane stability, chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid content, chlorophyll a/b ratio, water use efficiency, number of capsules per plant, 1000 grain weight and seed yield were significant but non significant on seed number per capsule. The highest amounts of measured traits in each irrigation level were related to the bacterial treatments. The highest seed yield (with 62% increase) was obtained from Bacillus sp. strain1 in treatment and 100% of full irrigation as compared to that of control. According to the results of main effect of irrigation on number of seeds per capsule, full irrigation treatment resulted in highest number of grain per capsule as compared to the other levels. Among bacterial treatments, B. Amyloliquefaciens had the highest significant number of seeds per capsule, as compared with no inoculation treatment. The effects of treatments of Bacillus SP. strain1, B. amyloliquefaciens and A. Chroococcum treatments were more pronounced as compared to other bacterial treatments traits studied under normal and stress conditions. According to the results of this research, flax seed treatment with plant growth promoting bacteria is recommended flax seed production under water deficit conditions. Manuscript profile
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        24 - Potassium Humate as a Factor for Decreasing Deterioration of Wheat’s Seed
        Ali Tamjid Reza Shahryari
        Seeds could be deteriorated during storage. Treatment of seeds by humic acid induces metabolic and biochemical changes which accelerate seed germination and its emergence. This research was carried out to evaluate the effect of seed pretreatment potassium humate on its More
        Seeds could be deteriorated during storage. Treatment of seeds by humic acid induces metabolic and biochemical changes which accelerate seed germination and its emergence. This research was carried out to evaluate the effect of seed pretreatment potassium humate on its deterioration under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. The experiment was carried out in a 5 × 4 × 3 factorial experiment using completely randomized design with three replications. Experimental factors were three levels of potassium humate (control, one and two parts per 1000 potassium humate), four wheat varieties (Shirodi, Darya, Morvarid and Chamran) and five heating times (zero, 48, 72, 96 and 144 hours). Results showed significant differences in simple effect of variety and effect of potassium humate × heating times for shoot length; simple effect of heating times and effect of potassium humate × varieties for germination percent; effect of potassium humate × varieties × heating times for radicle length, shoot dry weight, seminal roots dry weight and seedling dry weight. Pretreatment of seeds by using 2/1000 potassium humate produced × longest radicle roots in Shirodi, Darya, Morvarid and Chamran respectively with 72, 72, 144 and 96 hours heating times. The highest root dry weight was produced by 2/1000 potassium humate and 48 and 72 hours of heating times on Shirodi and Chamran, respectively. Application of 1/1000 of potassium humate produced the highest seedling dry weight in Shirodi, Darya and Morvarid with 48, 72 hours of heating times and without heating, respectively. Results also revealed that different varieties responded differently to potassium humate treatment at different heating times. It can be concluded that longer heating durations affected wheat characters at early growth stages and pretreatment of seeds by potassium humate can decrease seed deterioration.  Manuscript profile
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        25 - Survey of Diazinon and Chlorpyrifos Pesticide Residues in the Corp of Apple (Red Delicious Variety) of Miyandoab’s Springhouses by Using HPLC-PDA
        H. Shahyan H. Sheikhloie
        In this research to investigate the probable contamination of the apple tree to pesticides that is used by farmers in Miandoab, the residues of Diazinon and Chlorpirifos were investigated in this crop. First, the sampling is carried out by using the simple random sampli More
        In this research to investigate the probable contamination of the apple tree to pesticides that is used by farmers in Miandoab, the residues of Diazinon and Chlorpirifos were investigated in this crop. First, the sampling is carried out by using the simple random sampling method and then, after Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) through High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), the residues of Diazinon and chlorpirifos were measured. So that, the pesticides residues in apples that were washed with skin, without skin and, in peeled apples were measured 0.08, 0.31, 0.68 ppm for Diazinon and 0.24, 0.54, 0.98 ppm for Chlorpirifos, respectively. Comparison of the statistical results with global standards reveals that the residues of Diazinon in Apples with the skin, and the residues of Chlorpirifos in three modes: Unwashed with the skin, washed with the skin and peeled is more than global standards (Diazinon 0.5 ppm and Chlorpirifos 0.01 ppm) Therefore, it is required that the authorities and farmers of this region pay special attention to residues and the time of applying pesticides; thereby, they can prevent endangering health society. Manuscript profile
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        26 - اثر فرسودگی بذر بر پارامترهای جوانه‌زنی و رشد گیاهچه گندم رقم کریم در شرایط آزمایشگاه
        مهدی نامنی حسین عجم نوروزی محمد رضا داداشی
        10.30495
        Manuscript profile
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        27 - اثر پیری تسریع شده بر شاخص‌های جوانه‌زنی و فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانتی در جنین هیبریدهای مختلف ذرت
        مریم گودرزیان الهه قاسمی سیروس منصوری‌فر محسن سعیدی زینب حیدری
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        28 - تأثیر پیش‌تیمار بذر با سالیسیلیک اسید بر ویژگی‌های گیاهچه و قابلیت جوانه‌زنی بذرهای پیر شده شنبلیله (Trigonellafoenum-graecum)
        سینا سیاوش‌مقدم امیر رحیمی سیدعلی نورحسینی امید محمدی ویدا قاسمی
        Manuscript profile
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        29 - بهبود شاخص‌های جوانه‌زنی بذور پرایم شده چاودار کوهی (Secale montanum) تحت شرایط کاهش تدریجی رطوبت و پیری تسریع شده
        امید انصاری فرزاد شریف زاده
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        30 - The effect of Benzyladenin on reducing lipid peroxidation and carotenoids in Lilium oriental. cv belladonna
        Reyhane Arefnia Abdolah Hatamzadeh mahmood ghasemnezhad
        In order to evaluate the effect of pre-harvest spray with Benzyladenin (BA) on improving flower quality and delaying flower and leaf senescence in Lilium oriental, a study was carried out as a spilt plot factorial experiment where 5 levels of Benzyladenin (0, 25, 50, 75 More
        In order to evaluate the effect of pre-harvest spray with Benzyladenin (BA) on improving flower quality and delaying flower and leaf senescence in Lilium oriental, a study was carried out as a spilt plot factorial experiment where 5 levels of Benzyladenin (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 ppm) with three replications and two stages of spraying (budding start and before dyeing buds). Assaying the traits were done in seventh and twelfth two-days after harvest. The flowers were sprayed at two stages, budding and before flowering in the bud stage. Distilled water was used as control. Characteristics such as flower shelf life and lipid peroxidation in petals and leaves on seventh and twelfth days after harvest and carotenoids contents of petals on seventh and twelfth days after harvest were measured. Results showed that spraying with 100 ppm BA at the beginning of flower pigmentation was more effective in delaying senescence in flowers and leaves as compared to the control. Lipid peroxidation in leaves and flowers treated with 100 ppm BA application was significantly lower than the control. In contrast, carotenoid content of flowers sprayed with 100 ppm BA was higher and the lowest values were found in the control. In total, it was found that BA maintains stability by improving the quality and prolonging the flowers’ survival. Manuscript profile
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        31 - Effect of different sources of biological and chemical fertilizers morphological and functional traits of Triticum aestivum L.
        hadi jahanshahi Hossein Ajam Noruzi MOHAMMAD REZA DADASHI mohammad ali Rezaii hedieh mosanaiey
        10.30495/iper.2021.679560
        Excessive use of chemical fertilizers has degraded agricultural ecosystems. One of the sustainable agricultural programs is to reduce the use of fertilizers and increase their efficiency. In this study, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different lev More
        Excessive use of chemical fertilizers has degraded agricultural ecosystems. One of the sustainable agricultural programs is to reduce the use of fertilizers and increase their efficiency. In this study, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels of nitrogen and phosphorus sources on some morphological and functional properties of wheat pearl. A factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Nokandeh and Gorgan in Golestan province. Experimental factors included nitrogen supply sources at four levels of Azotobacter (12g/100 kg seed), Azospirillum (12g/100 kg seed), urea (200 kg/ha) and an equal combination of three sources and sources of phosphorus at the surface. There were three levels of triple superphosphate (100 kg ha-1), fertile phosphate 2 (12 g / 100 kg seed) and an equal combination of two sources with control. Morphological and functional traits such as plant height, leaf area index, spike number, grain number per spike, spike length, 1000-grain weight, biological yield, grain yield, nitrogen use efficiency, protein flowering stage, ripe, grain and chlorophyll pigments were measured. The results showed that the effect of different levels of nitrogen and phosphorous sources on the studied traits was significant. The highest plant height, leaf area index, spike number, spike length, biological yield and grain yield were obtained in equal treatment of three nitrogen sources (33% Azotobacter + 33% Azospirillum + 33% Urea) and highest Nitrogen use efficiency. Seed inoculation with Azotobacter biofertilizer was observed. Application of appropriate biofertilizers can be effective in increasing yield, improving wheat growth characteristics and reducing fertilizer. Manuscript profile
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        32 - Changes in germination indices and the activity of antioxidant system of cottonseed (Gossypium hirsutum L.) during deterioration
        Farshid Ghaderifar omid sancholi Hamidreza sadeghipour
        10.30495/iper.2021.679513
        Seeds deteriorate and become aged during storage so that the rate of this process depends on the temperature and seed moisture content. This experiment was conducted to study changes in the activity of antioxidant system of cottonseeds during deterioration. An Accelerat More
        Seeds deteriorate and become aged during storage so that the rate of this process depends on the temperature and seed moisture content. This experiment was conducted to study changes in the activity of antioxidant system of cottonseeds during deterioration. An Accelerated aging test was used to create different levels of deterioration. Cottonseeds were incubated at 43 ℃ for 0, 48, 96, 144, and 192 hours and 100% relative humidity. Results showed that the membrane electrical conductivity, lipid peroxidation, and hydrogen peroxide increased with lengthening of deterioration periods. Increase in hydrogen peroxide was accompanied with decreased activity of catalase and the increased activity and content of peroxidase and ascorbic acid, respectively, which indicates declined activity of catalase due to aging as compared with peroxidase activity and ascorbic acid content. Also, with an increase in the period of deterioration, percent, rate, and uniformity of germination reduced. In general, the study indicated that the oxidative stress due to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and the reduction of the antioxidant system is one of the main reasons for cottonseed viability loss during storage. Manuscript profile
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        33 - Effect of Pyridoxine and Different Levels of Nitrogen on Yield and Yield Components of Corn (Zea mays L. Var. SC. 704)
        داود Eradatmand Asli Gh.R Farrokhi مجتبی Usefi Rad
        A Field experiment was conducted on Corn (Zea mays L. Var. S.C. 704) to study the effect of three basal doses of nitrogen (90, 140, 190 Kg/ha) along with 0.01 and 0.02% pre–sowing seed soaking treatment with pyridoxine for 8 hours. This experiment was arranged on More
        A Field experiment was conducted on Corn (Zea mays L. Var. S.C. 704) to study the effect of three basal doses of nitrogen (90, 140, 190 Kg/ha) along with 0.01 and 0.02% pre–sowing seed soaking treatment with pyridoxine for 8 hours. This experiment was arranged on split plot on the basis of complete block design in three replications in the year of 2007. Results have shown a significant increase in yield and yield component with using of nitrogen and pyridoxine. Pyridoxine probably with positive effect on root growth increased uptake of nitrogen and this has effect on yield and total dry matter accumulation. According to the result 0.02 percent of pyridoxine and 190 kg/ha nitrogen as compare to other treatments have increased yield and yield component in corn. Pyridoxine also improved growth indices of plant in this experiment. Manuscript profile
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        34 - بررسی اثر کاربردی باکتری‌های تثبیت‌کننده نیتروژن و تراکم بوته بر کمیت و کیفیت اسانس گیاه دارویی Anethum graveolens L.
        یاشار حبیبی محمد تقی درزی
        Manuscript profile
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        35 - اثر فرسودگی بذر بر پارامترهای جوانه‌زنی و رشد گیاهچه گندم رقم کریم در شرایط آزمایشگاه
        مهدی نامنی حسین عجم نوروزی محمد رضا داداشی
        10.30495
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        36 - اثر پیری تسریع شده بر شاخص‌های جوانه‌زنی و فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانتی در جنین هیبریدهای مختلف ذرت
        مریم گودرزیان الهه قاسمی سیروس منصوری‌فر محسن سعیدی زینب حیدری
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        37 - تأثیر پیش‌تیمار بذر با سالیسیلیک اسید بر ویژگی‌های گیاهچه و قابلیت جوانه‌زنی بذرهای پیر شده شنبلیله (Trigonellafoenum-graecum)
        سینا سیاوش‌مقدم امیر رحیمی سیدعلی نورحسینی امید محمدی ویدا قاسمی
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        38 - بهبود شاخص‌های جوانه‌زنی بذور پرایم شده چاودار کوهی (Secale montanum) تحت شرایط کاهش تدریجی رطوبت و پیری تسریع شده
        امید انصاری فرزاد شریف زاده
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        39 - مقایسه اثر عصاره زنجبیل و آسپیرین بر بیان ژن COX-2 در سلول های دودمان سرطان کولون HT-29
        آرزو حقیقی نوشا ضیا جهرمی
        مقدمه و هدف: سرطانکولونپسازسرطانریهدومین  عللمرگومیرناشىازسرطاندرجهان می باشد. عوامل محیطی و ژنتیکی نقش مهمی در بروز این سرطان ایفا می کنند. از عوامل مهم در ایجاد این سرطان التهابات طولانی مدت   کولون می باشد. زنجبیل به   دلیل داشتن ترکیب 6-جینجرول دارای More
        مقدمه و هدف: سرطانکولونپسازسرطانریهدومین  عللمرگومیرناشىازسرطاندرجهان می باشد. عوامل محیطی و ژنتیکی نقش مهمی در بروز این سرطان ایفا می کنند. از عوامل مهم در ایجاد این سرطان التهابات طولانی مدت   کولون می باشد. زنجبیل به   دلیل داشتن ترکیب 6-جینجرول دارای خاصیت ضد التهابی است که در پیشگیری از سرطان کولون   نقش دارد.در سرطان کولون التهاب، از علائم اولیه آن محسوب می شود. در این مطالعه ­اثر عصاره زنجبیل­ بر بیان ژن -2­­COX   در سلول­های دودمان سرطان کولون  HT-29 بررسی شد. روش تحقیق: در این مطالعه، سلول­های دودمان   سرطان کولون 29-   HT پس از کشت، ­در پاساژ   سوم تریپسینه شد و تعداد 5000 سلول در چاهک­­­های پلیت 96 خانه کشت داده شد .سپس سلول­ها با عصاره زنجبیل در   4 غلظت10، 20، 30 و40میلی­گرم برمیلی­لیتر تیمار   داده و پلیت­ها به مدت 24، 48و 72 ساعت در دمای 37 درجه سانتی­گراد،   5 درصد CO2 انکوبه گردید. به منظور بررسی تاثیر عصاره زنجبیل بر سلول­ها،تست MTT انجامو دانسیته نوری پلیت­ها توسط دستگاه   الایزا در طول موج 570 نانومتر قرائت شد. RNA توتال سلولی استخراج و توسط روش RT-PCR بیان ژنCOX-2  بررسی گردید. نتایج و بحث: عصاره زنجبیل با غلظت 20 میلی   گرم برمیلی­لیتر بیشترین  IC50 را نشان داد. بیان ژن  COX-2 با روش RT-PCR  نشان داد، عصاره زنجبیل با غلظت 20 میلی گرم   بر میلی لیتر موجب کاهش بیان ژن COX-2  در مقایسه با داروی   آسپرین به عنوان یک داروی ضد التهاب درسلول­های دودمانHT-29 سرطان کولون می­شود.باتوجه به اهمیت کاهش التهاب در   بیماران مبتلا به سرطان کولون یافته­ها نشان داد که استفاده از عصاره زنجبیل می­تواند   نقش مهمی در کاهش التهاب و کاهش بیان ژن COX-2 که نقش مهمی در سنتز   پروستاگلاندین­ها و ایجاد التهاب دارد داشته باشد. توصیهکاربردی/صنعتی:دراینبررسینقشعصارهزنجبیلوآسپیرینکهازداروهایضدالتهابموثراستقابلمقایسهبوده­است.لذابهنظرمی­رسدباتحقیقاتبیشتردرآینده،بتوانازآنبهعنوانیکراهکارجدیددرمانیبهرهبرد. Manuscript profile
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        40 - بررسی میزان تأثیر اسانس گیاهان اکالیپتوس و آویشن شیرازی و عصاره آبی گیاه درمنه و ترکیب سینرژیستیک پیریمتامین_سولفادیازین بر توکسوپلاسموزیس حاد در موش Balb/c
        سید رضا حسینی آرین اسعدپور بهزادی
        مقدمه و هدف: توکسوپلاسموزیس عفونت ناشی از انگل توکسوپلاسما گوندی بوده و یکی از متداول­ترین عفونت­های انگلی انسان و سایر حیوانات خونگرم به شمار می­رود. در این مطالعه تأثیر اسانس گیاهان اکالیپتوس و آویشن شیرازی و عصاره آبی گیاه درمنه و همچنین ترکیب سینرژیستیک& More
        مقدمه و هدف: توکسوپلاسموزیس عفونت ناشی از انگل توکسوپلاسما گوندی بوده و یکی از متداول­ترین عفونت­های انگلی انسان و سایر حیوانات خونگرم به شمار می­رود. در این مطالعه تأثیر اسانس گیاهان اکالیپتوس و آویشن شیرازی و عصاره آبی گیاه درمنه و همچنین ترکیب سینرژیستیک­ پیریمتامین­_ سولفادیازین بر توکسوپلاسموزیس حاد در مدل موشی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. روش تحقیق: به منظور بررسی اثر اسانس گیاهان اکالیپتوس و آویشن شیرازی و عصاره آبی گیاه درمنه و همچنین ترکیب سینرژیستیک­ پیریمتامین­_سولفادیازین بر توکسوپلاسموزیس حاد در مدل موشی، 44 سر موش  Balb/cبا 10000 تاکی­زوایت سویه RH توکسوپلاسما گوندی از طریق داخل صفاقی آلوده و در 11گروه 4­تائی تقسیم­بندی شدند. به 9 گروه غلظت­های mg/kg/day150،mg/kg/day 300 و mg/kg/day600 از اسانس­های اکالیپتوس و آویشن­شیرازی و عصاره آبی درمنه به فاصله 24 ساعت از آلودگی به مدت 7 روز از طریق خوراکی خورانده شد. یک گروه هم با ترکیب شیمیایی پیریمتامین(با دوز mg/kg/day10) و سولفادیازین (با دوز mg/kg/day50) به فاصله 24 ساعت از آلودگی به مدت 10 روز به صورت خوراکی تحت تیمار قرار گرفتند و یک گروه هم به عنوان شاهد بیمار در نظر گرفته شد. نتایج و بحث: نتایج نشان داد که از نظر مدت زمان بقاء تفاوت آشکاری بین گروه­های تیمار شده با اسانس و عصاره گیاهان و گروه شاهد بیمار وجود نداشت و همگی تا روز ششم تلف شدند، در­حالی­که موش­های مصرف کننده داروی شیمیایی همگی زنده ماندند و پس­ از­ آنکه مایع صفاقی و مغز یکی از موش­های این گروه به صورت جداگانه به دو گروه موش سوری سالم از طریق داخل صفاقی تلقیح شد مشاهده گردید که موش­هایی که مایع صفاقی به آن­ها تلقیح شده بود همگی زنده ماندند، در حالی­که موش­هایی که مغز به آن­ها تلقیح شده بود همگی تلف شدند. این نتیجه بیانگر آن بود که ترکیب پیریمتامین_سولفادیازین در دوز مذکور بر توکسوپلاسموزیس حاد کاملاً موثر است، ولی قادر به ریشه­کنی و از بین بردن کیست­های انگل در مغز نیست. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: بهتر است­ تحقیق جامع­تری در خصوص تأثیر گونه­های مختلف این گیاهان بر روی توکسوپلاسموزیس به صورت In vitro و In vivo انجام شود تا شاید بتوان دارویی موثر و بی­خطر بر علیه توکسوپلاسموزیس در جهان ارائه نمود. Manuscript profile
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        41 - Investigation and identification of chloropyrifos and 2, 4, D removal in Susangard water treatment plant
        maryam ahmadi
        Chlorpyrifos and 2,4, D toxins are chlorine toxins. Organo chlorine pesticides are a class of toxins Their most important feature is the accumulation in the environment and have a very strong effect on the central nervous system of insects.This study examines and identi More
        Chlorpyrifos and 2,4, D toxins are chlorine toxins. Organo chlorine pesticides are a class of toxins Their most important feature is the accumulation in the environment and have a very strong effect on the central nervous system of insects.This study examines and identifies chloropyrifos and 2,4, D toxins in the Susangerd water treatment plant and the effect of the Susangerd water treatment process on the removal of these toxins.In this way, at the entrance of the treatment plant, the output of the treatment plant and a middle stage, sampling is done and the amount of chlorine toxins in each stage is measured.The sampling period is September, October and November 2018. In order to identify and determine the amount of toxins studied, the GC-MS device of the American manufacturer Agilent 7890 was used. Based on the results of this study, chloropyrifos and 2,4,D toxins were detected in the raw water of the treatment plant and with the measurements made, it became clear that Chlorpyrifos 92.38% and 2,4, D 98.2% were removed by the Susangerd refinery process and the residual value was very small and standard. This indicates the efficiency of the said treatment plant. Manuscript profile
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        42 - Introduction of Ahsan al-Manzumah manuscript
        keramat namjoo محمدهادی احمدیانی
        10.30495/noskheh.2022.703574
        Despite the passage of a century since the beginning of the revival and correction of manuscripts, only a small part of the exquisite and valuable treasure of lyrical stories has been printed and made available to literary friends, and perhaps great poets and writers wh More
        Despite the passage of a century since the beginning of the revival and correction of manuscripts, only a small part of the exquisite and valuable treasure of lyrical stories has been printed and made available to literary friends, and perhaps great poets and writers who still remain in the veil of obscurity and obscurity. Ahsan al-Manzomah's Masnavi is an unknown work by an unknown poet with the surname "Piri", which is considered among the romantic and lyrical Masnavis of the 13th century. This poem is a detailed story about Yusuf and Zuleikha, as well as Jacob's love and affection for his son Yusuf the Prophet, which is written in imitation of Yusuf and Zuleikha Jami. The story revolves around the three axes of richness, mysticism and education, and the singer uses richness to make the story attractive, and wherever he finds a suitable place, he gives advice, teaching and expressing mystical teachings, and discredits and It reminds the audience of the boredom and difficulty of the world. The authors' effort is to briefly review its stylistic and content features while introducing this work. Manuscript profile
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        43 - تاثیر نیترات سریم و اسید سالیسیلیک بر عمر گلجایی و سیستم آنتی‌اکسیدانی گل‌های شاخه بریده لیسیانتوس (Eustoma grandiflorum cv. Pink Picotte)
        فیروزه پورزرنگار داورد هاشم آبادی
        به‌منظور کاهش ضایعات پس از برداشت گل‌های شاخه بریده لیسیانتوس رقم ’Pink Picotte‘ آزمایشی در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل اسید سالیسیلیک (SA) (50، 100 و 200 میلی‌گرم /لیتر) و نیترات سریم (20، 40، 80 و 200 میکرومولار) بودند More
        به‌منظور کاهش ضایعات پس از برداشت گل‌های شاخه بریده لیسیانتوس رقم ’Pink Picotte‘ آزمایشی در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل اسید سالیسیلیک (SA) (50، 100 و 200 میلی‌گرم /لیتر) و نیترات سریم (20، 40، 80 و 200 میکرومولار) بودند که به‌صورت پالس 24 ساعته به‌همراه ساکارز 3 درصد استفاده شدند. نتایج نشان داد که اثر SA و نیترات سریم در همه صفات ارزیابی شده به‌جز ماده خشک معنی‌دار است. تیمارهای 40 میکرومولار نیترات سریم (42/15 روز) و 100 میلی‌گرم / لیتر SA (20/15 روز) موفق‌ترین تیمارها در افزایش عمر گلجایی بودند. این تیمارها علاوه بر عمر گلجایی در جلوگیری از کاهش وزن تر، کاهش جمعیت باکتریایی محلول گلجایی و افزایش کلروفیل برگ برترین تیمارها بودند. بیشترین فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز متعلق به 40 میکرومولار نیترات سریم (8.57 IU g-1 FW min-1) بود که از نظر آماری با تیمارهای 50 و 100 میلی‌گرم در لیتر SA اختلاف معنی‌داری نداشت. همچنین این تیمارها در افزایش فعالیت آنزیم SOD موثر بودند. در این پژوهش کاربرد 200 میلی‌گرم / لیتر SA اثر منفی بر عمرگلجایی و صفات وابسته به آن داشت. در کل کاربرد غلظت‌های بالای نیترات سریم (80 و 200 میکرومولار) و اسید سالیسیلیک (200 میلی‌گرم در لیتر) در محلول گلجایی گل‌های شاخه بریده لیسیانتوس رقم ’Pink Picotte‘ توصیه نمی‌شود. Manuscript profile
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        44 - مقایسه اثرات تنظیم کننده های رشد گیاهی و اتیلن خارجی بر روی دو نوع گل بریده میخک (Dianthus caryophyllus L)
        آنیتا رامتین روح انگیز نادری سپیده Kalatejari محمد متینی زاده
        هدف اصلی این مطالعه، بررسی تأثیر استفاده از تنظیم کننده­های رشد گیاهان بر طول عمر گلجایی دو نوع گل بریده میخک در حالت نرمال و تحت تنش اتیلن می­باشد. میخک یکی از پرطرفدارترین گل­هایی است که به علت حساسیت به اتیلن دارای عمر گلدانی کمی است اثر تنظیم کننده­ه More
        هدف اصلی این مطالعه، بررسی تأثیر استفاده از تنظیم کننده­های رشد گیاهان بر طول عمر گلجایی دو نوع گل بریده میخک در حالت نرمال و تحت تنش اتیلن می­باشد. میخک یکی از پرطرفدارترین گل­هایی است که به علت حساسیت به اتیلن دارای عمر گلدانی کمی است اثر تنظیم کننده­های رشد گیاه بر چندین ویژگی فیزیولوژیک تحت تنش اتیلن و شرایط طبیعی مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. اثرات تیمار کوتاه مدت با بنزیل آدنین، سالیسیلیک اسید و متیل جاسمونات بر روی دو نوع میخک (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) استاندارد و میخک کوچک چند گل، در معرض شرایط اتیلن مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. تیمار کوتاه مدت با بنزیل آدنین 100 میکرومولار بیشترین تاثیر را بر کلروفیل کل داشت وتیمار با 100 میکرومولار اسید سالیسیلیک باعث افزایش کربوهیدرات­های محلول و همچنین افزایش طول عمر گلجایی گل بریده گردید. متیل جاسمونات 400 میکرومولار باعث افزایش فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز و پراکسیداز شده و میزان پرولین را در میخک­های بریده افزایش می­دهد. تمام صفات در نظر گرفته شده توسط استعمال اتیلن خارجی کاهش یافت و هیچ یک از تیمارهای کوتاه مدت تنظیم­کننده­های گیاهی نتوانست اثرات نامناسب اتیلن خارجی را از بین ببرد. میخک­های استاندارد نیز نسبت به استعمال اتیلن مقاوم­تر ازمیخک­های کوچک چند گل بودند. Manuscript profile
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        45 - پرولین و آرژنین با بهبود برخی از پارامترهای فیزیکوشیمیایی، عمر پس از برداشت گل های شاخه بریده آلسترومریا ’مارس‘ را افزایش می دهند
        دینا یعقوبی کیاسه داود هاشم آبادی بهزاد کاویانی
        به­منظور بررسی اثر سیکلوهگزماید و اسیدهای آمینه آرژنین و پرولین بر ماندگاری پس از برداشت گل­های شاخه بریده آلسترومریا رقم ’مارس‘ آزمایشی فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی در سه تکرار با 20 تیمار اجرا شد. در این آزمایش از دو فاکتور شامل سیکلوهگزماید ( More
        به­منظور بررسی اثر سیکلوهگزماید و اسیدهای آمینه آرژنین و پرولین بر ماندگاری پس از برداشت گل­های شاخه بریده آلسترومریا رقم ’مارس‘ آزمایشی فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی در سه تکرار با 20 تیمار اجرا شد. در این آزمایش از دو فاکتور شامل سیکلوهگزماید (CHI) (0، 50، 100 و 1000 میکرومولار) و اسید آمینه (AA) ]0، 5 و 10 میلی­مولار آرژنین (Arg) و 5 و 10 میلی­مولار پرولین (Pro)[ به­صورت تیمار پالس 24 ساعته استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که گل­های تیمار شده با "CHI50×Pro10" بیشترین عمر گلجایی (3/9 روز)، بیشترین جذب آب (771/1 میلی­لیتر در هر گرم وزن تر)، بیشترین ماده خشک (56/13 درصد)، کمترین تجمع مالون­دی آلدهید (32/1 نانومول در هر گرم وزن تر) و بیشترین فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز (68/5 نانومول در هر گرم وزن تر در دقیقه) را داشتند. تیمار "CHI0×Arg5" در حفظ جذب آب، وزن تر، ماده خشک، پروتئین کل، کاهش تجمع مالون­دی­آلدهید و افزایش فعالیت آنزیم سوپراکسید دیسموتاز از موفق­ترین تیمارها بود و رتبه دوم را در افزایش عمر گلجایی (08/9 روز) بخود اختصاص داد. بنابراین دو تیمار "CHI50×Pro10" و "CHI0×Arg5" به­عنوان موفق­­ترین تیمارها در بهبود صفات کمی و کیفی گل شاخه بریده آلسترومریا معرفی می­شوند. کمترین اثر مثبت در اکثر صفات ارزیابی شده متعلق به تیمار 1000 میکرومولار سیکلوهگزماید بود. بنابراین کاربرد سطوح بالای سیکلوهگزماید (1000 میکرومولار) در محلول گلجایی گل­های شاخه بریده آلسترومریا رقم ’مارس‘ به دلیل اثر منفی و سمی بر شاخص­های پس از برداشت توصیه نمی­شود. Manuscript profile
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        46 - تاثیر سدیم نیتروپروساید بر عمر گلجایی گل‌های شاخه بریده رز، لیسیانتوس و آفتابگردان
        نیره نظیری مقدم هستی هاشم آبادی بهزاد کاویانی Mohammad Reza Safari Motlagh Mojtaba Khorrami Raad
        عمر گلجایی طولانی مهمترین فاکتور تعیین کننده ارزش اقتصادی در گل­های شاخه بریده است. در این پژوهش اثر سدیم نیتروپروساید (SNP) بصورت تیمار پالس در 4 سطح 0، 20، 40 و 60 میکرومولار بر عمر گلجایی گل­های شاخه بریده رز (Rosa hybrida L.)، لیسیانتوس (Eustoma grandiflorum More
        عمر گلجایی طولانی مهمترین فاکتور تعیین کننده ارزش اقتصادی در گل­های شاخه بریده است. در این پژوهش اثر سدیم نیتروپروساید (SNP) بصورت تیمار پالس در 4 سطح 0، 20، 40 و 60 میکرومولار بر عمر گلجایی گل­های شاخه بریده رز (Rosa hybrida L.)، لیسیانتوس (Eustoma grandiflorum) و آفتابگردان (Helianthus annuus L.) بررسی شد. این آزمایش بصورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی در سه تکرار و 12 تیمار اجرا شد. نتایج نشان داد که بالاترین عمرگلجایی گل­های شاخه بریده رز (33/14 روز) و آفتابگردان (5/14 روز) با کاربرد 40 میکرومولار SNP بدست می­آید در حالی که بیشترین عمر گلجایی لیسیانتوس (00/14 روز) متعلق به تیمار 20 میکرومولار SNP بود. تیمار 20 میکرومولار SNP موثرترین تیمار در حفظ ماده خشک در گل­های شاخه بریده رز بود.کاربرد SNP نسبت به شاهد بطور معنی­داری موجب کاهش تولید اتیلن در گل­های شاخه بریده رز و لیسیانتوس شد. کمترین اتیلن تولید شده در گل­های شاخه بریده آفتابگردان (03/0 نانولیتر در لیتر در ساعت در هر گرم وزن تر) به تیمار 60 میکرومولار SNP تعلق داشت. SNP اثر معناداری بر جذب آب، جمعیت میکروبی محلول گلجایی و انتهای ساقه و کلروفیل b نداشت؛ اما بطور معنی­داری موجب حفظ پروتئین در گل­های شاخه بریده مورد آزمایش شد. بطورکلی می­توان گفت که SNP از طریق مهار تولید اتیلن و حفظ پروتئین­ها موجب بهبود ماندگاری پس از برداشت در گل­های شاخه بریده رز، لیسیانتوس و آفتابگردان می­شود. Manuscript profile
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        47 - بررسی اثر متقابل بنزوات سدیم و اتانول روی عمر گلجایی گل‌های شاخه بریده رز رقم ’اولانچ‘
        ندا نکویار مه فام حمیدی امامی
        عمر گلجایی گل‌های شاخه بریده رز تحت تاثیر اتیلن و تنش آبی کاهش می‌یابد. اتانول و بنزوات سدیم از جمله ترکیبات مورد استفاده در محلول گلجایی هستند که دارای اثر ضد میکروبی و ضد اتیلنی می‌باشند. در این راستا و جهت بررسی اثر سطوح مختلف اتانول (0، 2، 4 و 6 درصد) و بنزوات سدیم More
        عمر گلجایی گل‌های شاخه بریده رز تحت تاثیر اتیلن و تنش آبی کاهش می‌یابد. اتانول و بنزوات سدیم از جمله ترکیبات مورد استفاده در محلول گلجایی هستند که دارای اثر ضد میکروبی و ضد اتیلنی می‌باشند. در این راستا و جهت بررسی اثر سطوح مختلف اتانول (0، 2، 4 و 6 درصد) و بنزوات سدیم (0، 150، 200 و 250 میلی‌گرم در لیتر) روی عمر گلجایی گل‌های شاخه بریده رز رقم ’اولانچ‘ آزمایشی فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با 16 تیمار در سه تکرار اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی بصورت پالس24 ساعته استفاده شدند. از آب مقطر به‌عنوان شاهد استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که اثر متقابل "اتانول× بنزوات سدیم" موجب بهبود عمر گلجایی و سایر صفات ارزیابی شده می‌شود، بطوری‌که بیشترین عمرگلجایی (13 روز)، جذب آب (3/54 میلی‌لیتر در هر گرم وزن تر)، ماده خشک (44/38 درصد)، پروتئین گلبرگ (35/08 درصد) و کلروفیل کل (13/09 میلی‌گرم در هر گرم وزن تر) با کاربرد "اتانول 4 درصد× 150 میلی‌گرم در لیتر بنزوات سدیم" حاصل شد. "اتانول 4 درصد×150 میلی‌گرم در لیتر بنزوات سدیم " دارای کمترین کاهش وزن تر (1/98 گرم)، کمترین باکتری انتهای ساقه (8/33 کلنی)، کمترین جمعیت باکتری محلول گلجایی (23/33 کلنی) و کمترین تولید اتیلن (0/4 نانولیتر در لیتر در ساعت در گرم وزن تر) بود. باتوجه به نتایج حاصل، استفاده ترکیبی از "اتانول 4 درصد×150 میلی‌گرم در لیتر بنزوات سدیم" جهت حفظ کیفیت و افزایش عمر گلجایی گل‌های شاخه بریده رز رقم ’اولانچ‘ توصیه می‌شود. Manuscript profile
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        48 - اثرات 1- متیل‌سیکلوپروپن و اتیلن بر فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانت و صفات فیزیولوژیکی – بیوشیمیایی گل‌ شاخه‌ بریده میخک رقم ‘Fortune’
        اعظم رنجبر نورالله احمدی ملیحه افتخاری
        گل میخک (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) از مهمترین گل‌های شاخه‌بریده در سراسر دنیا محسوب می‌شود. بیشتر ارقام میخک حساس به اتیلن بوده و پس از برداشت دچار تغییرات فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی متعددی می‌شوند. امروزه استفاده از مواد بازدارنده بیوسنتز و عمل اتیلن جهت حفظ کیفیت و افزا More
        گل میخک (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) از مهمترین گل‌های شاخه‌بریده در سراسر دنیا محسوب می‌شود. بیشتر ارقام میخک حساس به اتیلن بوده و پس از برداشت دچار تغییرات فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی متعددی می‌شوند. امروزه استفاده از مواد بازدارنده بیوسنتز و عمل اتیلن جهت حفظ کیفیت و افزایش عمر پس از برداشت محصولات اهمیت خاصی دارند. در این تحقیق به منظور بررسی اثر تیمار 1- ‌متیل‌سیکلوپروپن و اتیلن روی حفظ کیفیت و افزایش عمر گلجای گل‌های شاخه بریده میخک رقم ʼفورچونʻ آزمایشی در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. ابتدا گل‌های شاخه‌بریده با چهار سطح صفر، نیم، یک و یک و نیم میکرو لیتر بر لیتر 1- متیل‌سیکلوپروپن به مدت 24 ساعت تیمار شدند و سپس به مدت 16 ساعت در معرض غلظت یک میکرو لیتر بر لیتر اتیلن قرار گرفتند.تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار آماری MSTATC و مقایسه میانگین‌ها بر اساس آزمون LSD در سطوح احتمال یک درصد انجام شد. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که تیمار 1-‌ متیل‌سیکلوپروپن اثر معنی‌داری بر روی صفت عمر گلجایی و همچنین صفات بیوشیمیایی از جمله میزان کلروفیل برگ، میزان آنتوسیانین گلبرگ، ثبات غشا گلبرگ و میزان فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانت از جمله کاتالاز، پراکسیداز و سوپراکسید دیسموتاز داشت. بالاترین عمر گلجایی و بیشترین ثبات غشا مربوط به تیمار یک و نیم میکرو لیتر بر لیتر 1- متیل‌سیکلوپروپن بود که بر اساس آزمون LSD تفاوت معنی‌داری در سطح یک درصد با تیمار شاهد و غلظت نیم میکرو لیتر بر لیتر 1- متیل‌سیکلوپروپن داشت، اگرچه با تیمار یک میکرولیتر بر لیتر 1- متیل‌سیکلوپروپن دارای تفاوت معنی‌داری از لحاظ آماری نبود. بیشترین مقدار کلروفیل و آنتوسیانین در تیمار 5/1 میکرو لیتر بر لیتر1 - متیل‌سیکلوپروپن بدست آمد که اختلاف معنی‌داری در سطح احتمال 1 درصد با سایر تیمارها نشان داد. همچنین بیشترین و کمترین فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز و پراکسیداز به ترتیب مربوط به تیمار 1- ‌متیل‌سیکلوپروپن با غلظت یک میکرو لیتر بر لیتر و تیمار شاهد بود، بیشترین و کمترین فعالیت آنزیم سوپراکسید دیسموتاز به ترتیب در تیمارهای 1- متیل‌سیکلوپروپن با غلظت یک و نیم میکرو لیتر بر لیتر و تیمار شاهد مشاهده شد. درنتیجه، کاربرد 1- متیل‌سیکلوپروپن شروع علایم پیری را به تاخیر انداخته و باعث افزایش عمر گلجایی گل‌های شاخه بریده میخک ’فورچون‘ شد. Manuscript profile
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        49 - Investigating the effect of vitamin C and hydroquinone pretreatment on developmental and phytochemical characteristics of seedlings obtained from aged canola
        Hoora Naghisharifi Maryam Kolahi Mohamad Javaherian Behroz Zargar
        10.30495/jdb.2023.1969359.1334
        Canola with the scientific name Brassica napus L., due to its high oil content in the seed, produces one third of all edible oils worldwide, which plays an important role in improving the nutritional needs of societies. Accelerated aging test is one of the most importan More
        Canola with the scientific name Brassica napus L., due to its high oil content in the seed, produces one third of all edible oils worldwide, which plays an important role in improving the nutritional needs of societies. Accelerated aging test is one of the most important tests used to evaluate the viability and physiological potential of seeds. Unsuitable environmental conditions as well as seed storage conditions can cause oxidative stress in seeds and other plant tissues. In this study, the improvement effect of pretreatment of vitamin C and Hydroquinone on canola seed under accelerated aging and the developmental and phytochemical characteristics of seedlings obtained from aged canola seed including morphological traits, germination indices and phytochemical changes were investigated. Pre-treatment of seeds with antioxidant compounds reduced the damage caused by decay, improved the quality of canola seeds and seedlings, and also changed the phytochemical composition of the seedlings. The reduction of seed germination and weak morphometric characteristics of seedlings obtained from old seeds indicate the relationship between the phytochemical changes of seeds and the aging process. Seedlings obtained from old seeds showed phytochemical changes in the metabolic pathways of carbohydrates and proteins. If the aging process of the seed does not lead to death of seed, the resulting seedlings will have a different destiny with high power to deal with oxidative stress. It seems that the seedlings receive the signal from the free radicals of seed aging and cause the growth of intelligent seedlings to deal with the stress. Manuscript profile
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        50 - طراحی و سنتز مشتقات 1-بنزیل-3-((2،3-دی اکسوایندولین-1-ایل) متیل) پیریدینیم برمید و بررسی اثرات مهار آنزیم استیل کولین استراز
        محمد مغانلو بهروز میرزا
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        51 - Synthesizing of graphene oxide with 6-amino-2,2’-bypyridine for designing a nanosensor to determine the heavy metal ions
        maryam abasi ashlagi behrouz Akbari-Adergani Ali Ehsani elahe kosari Malak Hekmati
        10.30495/jacr.2022.1945657.1990
        Modification of the graphene oxide surface by improving a covalent bond can improve the properties of this material. In the present study, the surface of the prepared graphene oxide was functionaized with 6-amino-2,2'- bipyridine molecules to form a covalent bond betwee More
        Modification of the graphene oxide surface by improving a covalent bond can improve the properties of this material. In the present study, the surface of the prepared graphene oxide was functionaized with 6-amino-2,2'- bipyridine molecules to form a covalent bond between amino groups of the ligand and carboxylic acid groups on the surface. The modified material was termed ABP-GO. The new structure and morphology of the modified compound by pyridine ligands were confirmed with X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Energy–dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The electrochemical properties of the modified electrode were investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and differential pulse anodic discharge voltammetry (DPASV) methods. The large surface area and the ability to absorb lead with proper guidance of the modified electrode indicate the proper performance of the Pb (II) sensor, with a detection limit of 3 nM. This electrode quickly provides the bond between the -NH2 group and lead (II) and provides good reusability and reproducibility 5 times and about 90%, respectively.  Manuscript profile
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        52 - Preparation, characterization of graphene oxide nano catalyst functionalized copper-metformin complex and investigation of its catalytic activity in synthesis of tetrahydropyridine derivatives in mild condition
        Melika Eftekhar
        10.30495/jacr.2021.684267
        In this research, at first, the graphene oxide sheets were prepared by the Hummers method and in continuation metformin molecule was linked to the edges of graphene oxide through the nucleophilic reaction of amine moieties of metformin with carbonyl groups of graphene o More
        In this research, at first, the graphene oxide sheets were prepared by the Hummers method and in continuation metformin molecule was linked to the edges of graphene oxide through the nucleophilic reaction of amine moieties of metformin with carbonyl groups of graphene oxide by covalent bonding, followed by coordination copper metal on nitrogen atoms of metformin and formation of graphene oxide copper-metformin complex. The prepared nanocatalyst was well characterized by various techniques such as FT-IR, XRD, SEM, EDX, TGA and ICP-OES. All analyses confirmed the successful immobilization of this complex on the surface of GO. The synthesized catalyst was applied to evaluate its performance in the synthesis of tetrahydropyridine derivatives by the reaction of aryl aldehydes, aryl amines and ethyl acetoacetate which this method exhibited good catalytic efficiency with a high yield of products. Moreover, the suggested catalyst could be recycled for several times consecutive cycles without a noticeable decrease in its catalytic activity or metal leaching. Manuscript profile
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        53 - Biosynthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles using aqueous extract of Opuntia Cactus and its application in the synthesis of pyrimidine derivatives
        Maryam Jahandar Lashaki Rahimeh Hajinasiri Zinatossadat Hossaini Navabeh Nami
        10.30495/jacr.2022.1956128.2029
        In recent years, the green method, especially using plant extracts, has attracted much attention for synthesis of metal nanoparticles. In this study, biosynthesis of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe­3O4-NPs) was performed using an aqueous extract of Opuntia Cac More
        In recent years, the green method, especially using plant extracts, has attracted much attention for synthesis of metal nanoparticles. In this study, biosynthesis of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe­3O4-NPs) was performed using an aqueous extract of Opuntia Cactus. Plant extract had a reducing and stabilizing role in the nanoparticle synthesis process. The structure and morphology of synthesized Fe­3O4-NPs were confirmed with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTIR), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). The obtained results showed that the proposed method presented a synthesis of magnetic Fe3O4-NPs with a spherical shape and average size of 9.7 nm. Also, pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized by a one-pot three-component reaction between aromatic aldehydes, acetoacetanilide and urea or thiourea in the presence of prepared magnetic Fe­3O4-NPs as a catalyst in ethanol at room temperature. Short reaction time, easy purification steps, and high efficiency are the advantages of this method. Manuscript profile
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        54 - Design, fabrication and catalytic performance of zeolite CaY functionalized with 4-methylpyridinium chloride ionic liquid as a new multifunctional nanocatalyst in the three-component synthesis of isoxazolones
        Mehdi Kalhor Zeinab Hozhabri Zahra Seyedzade
        10.30495/jacr.2023.1973160.2067
        In this study, first zeolite CaY was obtained through the reaction of zeolite NaY with CaCl2. Then it was functionalized by reaction with an organic linker, 3-chloropropyl triethoxysilane, followed by reaction with 4-methylpyridine (4-MePyr IL@CaY). The structure and mo More
        In this study, first zeolite CaY was obtained through the reaction of zeolite NaY with CaCl2. Then it was functionalized by reaction with an organic linker, 3-chloropropyl triethoxysilane, followed by reaction with 4-methylpyridine (4-MePyr IL@CaY). The structure and morphology of this new multi-functional nanoporous material were investigated and identified using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA-DTA) and Brunaeur-Emmet-Teller (BET) instrumental analyses. The catalytic activity of this multifactorial nanosystem in the easy synthesis of 4-(arylidene)-3-methyl-5-(4H)-isoxazolones was investigated through the three-component condensation reaction of various benzaldehydes, hydroxylamine hydrochloride and ethyl acetate under green conditions. One of the obvious advantages of this nanocatalyst is the presence of Lewis acid (Ca2+) sites and ionic liquid 4-methylpyridinium chloride on a nanoporous solid substrate, which can be very important and instructive in multi-component syntheses. Simplicity of process, catalyst recyclability and easy product separation, high yield and mild conditions are other advantages of this procedure. Manuscript profile
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        55 - Synthesis and characterization of silver (I) complex containing 4′-(4-quinoline)-2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine: Thermal behavior, luminescence study, and cytotoxic properties
        Badri Zaman Momeni Sanaz Kazemzade Anari Zahra Shahsavari
        10.30495/jacr.2023.1978483.2090
        The reaction of AgNO3 with 4′-(4-quinoline)-2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine (qtpy) has been resulted in the formation of new silver (I) complex [Ag(qtpy)(NO3)] (1). The product has been characterized by elemental analysis, infrared Fourier transmis More
        The reaction of AgNO3 with 4′-(4-quinoline)-2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine (qtpy) has been resulted in the formation of new silver (I) complex [Ag(qtpy)(NO3)] (1). The product has been characterized by elemental analysis, infrared Fourier transmission spectroscopy (FTIR), and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H and 13C NMR). The emission spectrum of complex 1 reveals the presence of π→π* transition with a red shift relative to the free ligand due to the coordination of the ligand to silver center. The thermal properties of 1 indicate that the thermal decomposition process occurs in three steps whereas it is stable up to 320 °C. In addition, the cytotoxic effects of 1 against U87-MG human glioblastoma, MCF-7 human breast cancer, SCOV-3 human ovarian cancer cell line, HT-29 human colorectal cancer, and AGO1522 human normal skin fibroblast cell line were carried out using the MTT assay. The anti-cancer activity of 1 against U87-MG human glioblastoma cell line with IC50 of 6.93 μM is more than that of paclitaxel with IC50 of 27.38 μM. Manuscript profile
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        56 - ترکیب های تجمعی سه جزئی دارای کراون اترها
        ابوالقاسم مقیمی حسین آقابزرگ مژگان فلاح شبنم ششمانی مهرداد محمودی
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        57 - سنتز و بررسی اثر ضد باکتری مشتق جدید تتراآزوکالیکس [4] آرن بر باکتری باسیلوس سرئوس
        کعبه رهنمای لاکمه سری سعید تقوایی گنجه‌علی رضا زادمرد مینا روشنی
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        58 - حذف رنگزاهای بازی بنفش 10 و زرد 13 از پساب دو کارخانه داروسازی و آرایشی با MCM-41 اصلاح شده با N-(2-آمینو اتیل)-3-آمینوپروپیل‌تری‌متوکسی‌سیلان و پیریدین کربالدهید
        شبنم ششمانی گلدسته زارعی وحید علی اکبری ممقانی
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        59 - تهیه دو مایع یونی کایرال جدید بر پایه پیریدین از اسید آمینه آلانین و بررسی ویژگی ضد باکتری و ضداکسیدانی آن‌ها
        اشرف السادات شاه‌ولایتی شیوا خلیل مقدم سوده حسین زاده
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        60 - کلسیم فسفات‌های دوفازی هیدروکسی آپاتیت/ اکتاکلسیم فسفات برای کاربردهای مهندسی بافت سخت
        زهرا محمدی عبدالرضا شیخ مهدی مسگر فریبا رسولی محمد نوری
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        61 - Ionic liquid decorated halloysite nanotubes: an efficient, heterogeneous and reusable catalysts for the synthesis of benzopyranopyrimidines
        سماحه سجادی مجید ممهد هروی
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        62 - سیلیکا فسفوسولفونیک اسید: کاتالیست حالت جامد برای سنتز موثر سه جزیی و تک ظرف 2، 4، 6-تری آریل پیریدین‌ها در شرایط بدون حلال
        آرش مرادزادگان علیرضا کیاست هادی عصاره
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        63 - Melamine-(H2SO4)3/Melamine-(HNO3)3 as an alternative of H2SO4/HNO3: A benign oxidizing system for the oxidation of 1,4-dihydropyridines reaction under solvent/metal-free conditions
        gholamabas chahardavali mohamad mokhlesi mahsa bagheri
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        64 - سنتز تک‌ظرف و کارآمد مشتقات 6-اکسو-4-آریل-6،5،4،1-تتراهیدروپیریدین با پتانسیل دارویی در آب
        مریم میرزاآقایان محبوبه ابوالقاسمی ملکشاه
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        65 - بررسی ویژگی منگنز نیترات چهار آبه به عنوان کاتالیست سازگار با محیط زیست و ملایم برای سنتز تک ظرف و ساده تتراهیدروپیریدین های چند استخلافی
        مجتبی لشکری رضا حیدری فرزانه محمدپور نور الله حاضری
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        66 - Anticancer activity of vanadium complexes with bipyridine and phenanthroline
        طاهره نشاطی افخم مرضیه زارعی دهنوی آنیتا عابدی
        Vanadium is a nonessential mineral of the daily diet that has shown beneficial health effects. In the present research, we synthesized and characterized three vanadium complexes,]VOCl)bpy(2]Cl )1(, ]VOCl)phen(2]Cl )2(, and ]VO)SO4()phen(2] )3(, from the reaction of VCl3 More
        Vanadium is a nonessential mineral of the daily diet that has shown beneficial health effects. In the present research, we synthesized and characterized three vanadium complexes,]VOCl)bpy(2]Cl )1(, ]VOCl)phen(2]Cl )2(, and ]VO)SO4()phen(2] )3(, from the reaction of VCl3 and VOSO4 salts with 2,2'-bipyridine)bpy( and 1,10-phenanthroline )phen( ligands. The mentioned complexes were characterized by FT-IR, Mass and UV-Vis spectroscopy. In absorption spectrum of the synthesized compounds, there is a broad weak peak, above 700 nm which is referred to d-d transition of vanadium )IV( center. Moreover, stretching vibration of V=O is appeared around 973-978 cm-1, in IR spectrum. These results confirm the structure of the compounds. Cytotoxic properties of the complexes were checked out on a normal cell NIH3T3 (Rat embryo fibroblast cell) and against three cancer cell lines including HT29 (colon carcinoma), CacoII )colorectal adenocarcinoma(, and T47D )breast cancer cell( by MTT assay and compared with cis-platin. The results indicate compound )1( with low toxicity on normal cells and high cytotoxicity on the cancerous cell lines, is capable of selectively killing properties Manuscript profile
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        67 - یک ترکیب انتقال پروتون جدید به دست آمده از پیریدین-6،2-دی کربوکسیلیک اسید و فنیل هیدرازین و کمپلکس آن با سریم: تهیه و ساختار بلوری
        محمد قادرمزی فریبا فیضی شبنم ششمانی حسین آقابزرگ
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        68 - Synthesis of sulfamic acid functionalized-magnetic nanoparticles and application as a retrievable and efficient catalyst for the green synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridine and 2,3-dihydroquinazoline derivatives
        محمد علی بداغی فرد الهام علیمحمدی
        1,4-Dihydropyridines and 2,3-dihydroquinazolines are heterocyclic compounds that have pharmacological and biological properties and most of their derivatives are produced in pharmaceutical industries. In this study preparation of bissulfamic acid-grafted on silica-coate More
        1,4-Dihydropyridines and 2,3-dihydroquinazolines are heterocyclic compounds that have pharmacological and biological properties and most of their derivatives are produced in pharmaceutical industries. In this study preparation of bissulfamic acid-grafted on silica-coated nano-Fe3O4 particles (MNPs-TBSA), and their application as a retrievable heterogeneous acidic catalyst for the green synthesis of 1,4-Dihydropyridines and 2,3-dihydroquinazolines is probed. This nanocatalyst is easily separated from the reaction mixture with the assistance of an external magnetic field and reuse for several runs without deterioration in catalytic activity. The morphology, structure, and size of magnetic nanoparticles were characterized via SEM, XRD, EDS, FT-IR and TGA/DTA. Eco-friendly and non-toxic condition, high yield and purity of the desired products, short reaction time along with the ease of the workup procedure outline the advantages of these new methodologies over the earlier ones. Manuscript profile
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        69 - Genomic fingerprinting of some isolated Azospirillum spp. of wheat and maize fields by using rep-PCR.
        Mahmood Shahabi Naser Panjekeh Hadi Asadi Rahmani Mohammad Salari
        Background & Objectives: Azospirillum comprises rhizobacteria that live freely in the soil where they change gaseous nitrogen to nitrite and nitrate and as a result promote growth and yield of some economically important plants. This study aimed to isolate and ident More
        Background & Objectives: Azospirillum comprises rhizobacteria that live freely in the soil where they change gaseous nitrogen to nitrite and nitrate and as a result promote growth and yield of some economically important plants. This study aimed to isolate and identify different native species of Azospirillum and to investigate their genetic diversity as plant growth-promoting factors. Materials & Methods: In this research, some soil and root samples from wheat and maize fields of Isfahan province were collected and cultured in the tubes containing nitrogen-free bromothymol blue (NFB) semisolid media. The Azospirillum isolates were chosen based on morphological properties on NFB and RC (Rojo Congo) media and then were purified. The detection and identification of Azospirillum isolates was done by molecular tests using PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction), 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and genomic fingerprinting with rep-PCR (repetitive extragenic palindromic elements-polymerase chain reaction). Results: The replication of 646 and 263 bp fragments by specific primers, confirmed the presence of Azospirilum bacteria. Azospirillum species were also identified as A. brasilense, A. lipoferum, and A. zeae using replication and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. The genomic profiling of different Azospirillum isolates produced unique band patterns through application of repetitive element BOX (BOX-AIR), ERIC (Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus), and REP and showed high genetic diversity between the isolates. Conclusion: According to this study, the Azospirillum isolates of wheat and maize fields of Isfahan province have different species and genetic diversity and band patterns amplified using rep-PCR can be useful for diagnosis and classification of Azospirillum species. Manuscript profile
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        70 - A study to investigate effects of pH, inoculum percentage and pulp density on the ferric ion production from pyrite using mixed mesophilic bacteria
        Hadi Hani Bahman Nazari Esmaeil Jorjani Ali Riahi
        Background and Objectives: Biological dissolution of pyrite leads to production of ferric ion and sulfuric acid. The produced ferric ion is a strong oxidant agent, which is able to dissolve different metal sulfides. This study aimed to examine effects of pH, pulp densit More
        Background and Objectives: Biological dissolution of pyrite leads to production of ferric ion and sulfuric acid. The produced ferric ion is a strong oxidant agent, which is able to dissolve different metal sulfides. This study aimed to examine effects of pH, pulp density and inoculation percent of bacteria on extraction rate of ferric iron ions from pyrite using a mixture of mesophilic bacteria. Material and methods: The pyrite sample was prepared from a pyrite lode in Midok copper mine. A mixture of mesophilic bacteria, including 40% Acidi thiobacillus ferrooxidans, 40% of  Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans and 20% of Leptasprillum ferrooxidans, was used for all leaching tests. Results: According to results, effect of pH was more significant in bioleaching of pyrite and production of ferric ion than other factors. The maximum amount of produced ferric (1.93 g/l) was earned at pH 2, a pulp density of 25 g/l and inoculation percent of 15%. Conclusion: The desired amounts of byproducts of pyrite dissolution can be obtained by operational parameters such as pH, pulp density and inoculation percent in bioleaching. Thus, by taking into account the optimal conditions of mentioned parameters, it is possible to increase the production efficiency of valuable metals by hydrometallurgy processes of ferric ions. Manuscript profile
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        71 - Bioleaching operations of the Low-grade chalcopyrite ore in the chloride conditions using adapted Indigenous microorganisms
        Ali Behrad Vakylabad Peyman Moha,mmadzadeh Jahani Zahra Manafi
        Background & Objectives: Dissolution of chalcopyrite is one of the most important challenges of hydrometallurgy because it is difficult to leach due to its inactivation by passive precipitates like jarosites. The combination of the benefits of microbial leaching (na More
        Background & Objectives: Dissolution of chalcopyrite is one of the most important challenges of hydrometallurgy because it is difficult to leach due to its inactivation by passive precipitates like jarosites. The combination of the benefits of microbial leaching (native mesophiles, moderate thermophiles, and extreme thermophiles), and chloride leaching was the main purpose to enhance the copper recovery, especially from the low-grade chalcopyrite sources. Materials & Methods: The native microorganisms were isolated from Sarcheshmeh mine, and adapted (4 months with chloride media). Then, the bioleaching operation was systematically performed using the columns containing low chalcopyrite ore (less than 0.3% Cu) to investigate the effect of the chlorine on the bioleaching process. Different analyzes of the leaching and feed residues were used to closely examine the process and mechanisms involved (A 23% increase in recovery (81% with chlorine and 58% with no chlorine)). Results: Based on the analyses of the bio-leaching residues, overcoming the problems caused by the unwanted precipitates like jarosite during chlorinated bioprocess (2 g / l chloride) was one of the main reasons for these results which were identified using SEM, EDS analysis. And, the elemental mapping of the solid residues from microbial leaching operations proved this possible reason. Conclusion: Controlling the undesirable precipitates in the process was the most important lever to improve copper recovery (more than 81% of copper over 120 days). This was achieved by regulating the growth process and activity of microorganisms from mesophiles to extreme thermophiles with sodium chloride salt additive. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        72 - The effects of pesticides on microbial population of saline soils using culture-dependent and next generation sequencing methods
        Safoura Hashemi joker Mahmoud Shavandi Azam Haddadi Ebrahim Alaie
        10.30495/jmw.2021.690437
        Background & Objectives: Despite of widely use of pesticides in agricultural industry, their ecotoxicological impacts on the environment are not still well understood. In the present study, the effects of chlorpyrifos and deltamethrin pesticides on soil microbial di More
        Background & Objectives: Despite of widely use of pesticides in agricultural industry, their ecotoxicological impacts on the environment are not still well understood. In the present study, the effects of chlorpyrifos and deltamethrin pesticides on soil microbial diversity in different salinities were investigated.Materials and methods: Four soil samples with various salinities (0, 1%, 2% and 4%) were contaminated with 200 mg/kg of chlorpyrifos and deltamethrin. Then, the effects of these compounds were investigated by culture-dependent and Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) methods. The dominant bacterial strains were isolated and compared with the results of the NGS method.Results: Remarkable groups of active soil species were destroyed. The main groups at the phylum level were, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria. Examination of the   pattern of operational taxonomic unit (OTU) showed that the lowest abundance belonged to the group of soil samples contaminated with chlorpyrifos and the highest abundance belonged to the non-contaminated sample. Alpha diversity analysis revealed that the highest number of strains was observed in non-saline and uncontaminated soil microcosms, and the lowest number of strains was observed in the presence of deltamethrin (1% salinity) and chlorpyrifos (0% salinity).Conclusion: The results indicated that soil salinity had significant impact on the resistance of soil microorganisms to the chlorpyrifos and deltamethrin. Every soil samples will have its own microbial composition based on its physicochemical conditions under the influence of pesticide contamination. By comparison of microbial composition by culture-dependent and molecular-based methods, almost similar findings were obtained.  Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        73 - Study of root structure and leaf of lentils (Lens culinaris Medic) under light stress and Azospirillium bacteria
        Fershteh Darabi Ali Hatami Mohammad Javad Zarea Rahim Naseri
        in order to study the effects of different light intensities and bio-priming an experiment was conducted in two lentils cultivars to introduce the best cultivar. Experiment was evaluated using factorial arrangement based on randomized complete block design with three re More
        in order to study the effects of different light intensities and bio-priming an experiment was conducted in two lentils cultivars to introduce the best cultivar. Experiment was evaluated using factorial arrangement based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the Agricultural Research Station of Ilam University during 2012-2013 cropping season. The treatments consisted of different levels of shading (no shading, 25, 50, 75 and 100% shading), Bio-priming (inoculation with Azospirillium brasilense and without inoculation) and lentil cultivars (Ziba and ILL4400), respectively. The results indicated that shading reduced leaf specific leaf, Water saturate deficit, total number of active nodes, root fresh weight, root dry weight, root volume, main root length and grain yield, but increased leaf area index, total water content, specific leaf area, respectively. But Azospirillium leaded to reduced losses caused by shading and increased plant growth and yield of lentil. Two lentil cultivars along with inoculation with Azospirillum had the more amount of grain yield. The Ziba cultivar compared to ILL4400 cultivar had the more grain yield in the higher levels of shading. interaction effect of shading× bio-priming × cultivar showed that the lack of shading (control treatment) and selection of the Ziba cultivar and inoculation with Azospirillum may achieve the acceptable grain yield, but in the conditions of intercropping and agroforestry systems that light is a limiting factor, grown Ziba cultivar along with inoculation with Azospirillum will be more successful than the ILL4400. Manuscript profile
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        74 - Investigation on the effect of seed priming with rhizobium bioinoculant and Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria on chlorophyll, nutrients and grain yield in lentil under rainfed condition
        Alireza Seyyed-Moradi Afshin Mozaffari
        To study the effect of seed priming with rhizobium bioinoculant and Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria on chlorophyll, nutrients and grain yield in lentil rainfed, a factorial experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replicates More
        To study the effect of seed priming with rhizobium bioinoculant and Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria on chlorophyll, nutrients and grain yield in lentil rainfed, a factorial experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replicates in Karazan districts of Sirvan located in Ilam province during 2016-2017. Experimental treatments include the application of PGPR consists of five levels: inoculation seed with Azotobacter, Azospirillum, Pseudomonas individually, inoculation of seeds with mixed PGPR (Azotobacter + Azospirillum + Pseudomonas) and non-using of PGPR, and rhizobium bacteria factor at two levels: seed inoculation with rhizobium and non-use of Rhizobium. Simple and interaction effects of Rhizobium bacteria and PGPR bacteria application on all studied traits (except for interaction effect of experimental factors on grain yield and chlorophyll b content) showed highly significant (P <0.01). In general, the results of the experiment showed that the use of Rhizobium bacteria with PGPR bacteria, in particular, combined consumption treatment (Azotobacter + Azospirillum + pseudomonas), increased the grain yield, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and chlorophyll a, b and a+b contents of leaf compared to Non-use rhizobium and PGPR bacteria. With regard to synergistic effects of Rhizobium and PGPR bacteria in improving the growth and grain yield of lentil plant, it is recommended to use the combination of Rhizobium and PGPR bacteria in the inoculum formulation used under arid and dry land areas. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        75 - Effect of plant growth promotiong rhizobacteria on growth and yield of Seed tubers of Potato Cultivars Mini-tubers
        mehdi panahyankivi yaghob raei null null Saeid Hokm Alipour
        In order to investigate the effect of plant growth promotiong rhizobacteria (PGPR) on yield and yield components of seed tubers of cultivation mini-tubers Potato, a Factorial experiment was caried out by based on complete randomized design at agriculurtal and natural re More
        In order to investigate the effect of plant growth promotiong rhizobacteria (PGPR) on yield and yield components of seed tubers of cultivation mini-tubers Potato, a Factorial experiment was caried out by based on complete randomized design at agriculurtal and natural resources research staition of Ardabil in 2016. The First factor included mini-tubers of three cultivars of potato: Agria, Khavaran, and Marfona:,The second factor included four treatments of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) (Azospirillum, Seudomonas and combination of two bacteria). Results showed that interaction of experimental factors was significant for all traits except biological yield and tuber diameter. Maximum of tuber yiled was observed in interaction effect of application of tow bacteria × cultivars. That did not have significant difference with cultivars of Agria and Khavaran. Maximum of number and weight of tuber were observed at Marfona×two bacteria. Maximum of tuber diameter was observed at Marfona. Maximum of plant height and number of main branch were observed at Agria, Khavaran and Azospirillum× Seudomonas bacteria. Maximium of biological yield was observed at combination of two bacteria. Minimum of this trait was observed in treatment without insemination. Maximum numbers of days to emergencation, number of days to stolon, formation, number of days to tuberization were obtined in Marfona and condition of application Azospirillum. Minimum of those traits were observed in Khavaran and condition whithout insemination. Manuscript profile
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        76 - Effect of micronutrient elements and hormone auxin on yield and yield components of durum wheat
        B. Maghsodi B. Jafari A. Jafari
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        77 - تأثیر کلروپیریفوس و مالاتیون بر جوانه زنی گرده در گوجه فرنگی و برنجال
        M. Nasrabadi N. Ghayal K.N. Dhumal
        جوانه زنی دانه های گرده مهمترین جنبه در کوددهی و تشکیل میوه یا دانه/دانه و عملکرد است. از این رو تأثیر آفت کش ها بر جوانه زنی گرده، موضوع کلیدی در بهبود عملکرد محصول است. دانه‌های گرده از بساک‌های گل‌های کاملاً باز شده گوجه‌فرنگی و گیاهان برنجال تیمار شده با غلظت‌های مخ More
        جوانه زنی دانه های گرده مهمترین جنبه در کوددهی و تشکیل میوه یا دانه/دانه و عملکرد است. از این رو تأثیر آفت کش ها بر جوانه زنی گرده، موضوع کلیدی در بهبود عملکرد محصول است. دانه‌های گرده از بساک‌های گل‌های کاملاً باز شده گوجه‌فرنگی و گیاهان برنجال تیمار شده با غلظت‌های مختلف کلروپیریفوس و مالاتیون همراه با شاهد در صبح تازه جمع‌آوری و بلافاصله به آزمایشگاه منتقل شدند. نژاد جوانه گرده با استفاده از روش هسلوپ-هاریسون مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که با افزایش غلظت کلروپیریفوس و مالاتیون، درصد مهار جوانه زنی گرده در گوجه فرنگی به شدت افزایش یافت. اما در برنجال درصد بازداری از جوانه زنی گرده معنی دار نبود و بیشتر با شاهد برابر بود. بیشترین درصد مهار جوانه زنی گرده در گوجه فرنگی تیمار شده با کلروپیریفوس 08/67 درصد و مالاتیون 19/73 درصد بود. مهار جوانه زنی گرده در برنجال تیمار شده با کلروپیریفوس 69/54 درصد و مالاتیون 76/54 درصد بود. نتایج نشان داد که مالاتیون در مقایسه با کلرو پیریفوس اثر نامطلوب بیشتری بر جوانه زنی گرده در گوجه فرنگی و برنجال دارد. غلظت های بالاتر آفت کش ها بر رشد، نمو، عملکرد و همچنین فیزیولوژی، بیوشیمی و آنزیمولوژی گیاهان تیمار شده تأثیر گذاشت. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        78 - Effect of common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) interference on growth period, chlorophyle content, leaf senescence and yield of marigold (Calendula officinalis)
        B. Mirshekari
               In order to study effect of lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) interference on some traits of marigold (Calendula officinalis) and weed seed production index a factorial experiment was conducted during 2012 in Islamic Azad University, More
               In order to study effect of lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) interference on some traits of marigold (Calendula officinalis) and weed seed production index a factorial experiment was conducted during 2012 in Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, based on randomized complete blocks design in 3 replications. Studied factors were weed densities of 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 plants per meter row and its relative emergence times of simultaneously, 10, 20 and 30 days after crop. Results indicated that emergence of 4 weed plants per meter row had no significant effect on crop growth period. With increasing of weed density more than 4 plants per meter row leaf chlorophyle content index decreased fron 17.5 to 13.5 (17.5% reduction). Weed interference caused to earlier appearance of leaf senescence symptoms from 9 to 13 days. Effect of higher weed densities on plant height was more than lower densities. Lambsquarters had greater negative effect on marigold yield, and weed density was more effective than its emergence time. Harvest index in weedy plots reduced fron 32% to 25%. Essence yield in marigold decreased 14.4 mL m-2 per weed density. In weed plants emerged simultaneously, 10, 20 and 30 days after crop, 5.6%, 4.4%, 4.1% and 4% of above ground biomass allocated to seed, respectively. It is recommended for the weed controling in marigold field, when emerged atleast 2 plants per meter crop row simultaneously or 10 days after crop. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        79 - Study on the effect of low-energy milling work and mechanoleaching on the chlorination of chalcopyrite
        Hirbod Ranjkesh Amirhosein Emami Reza EbrahiKahrizsangi
        In this research, chlorination of chalcopyrite in a low-energy mill was carried out in order to convert chalcopyrite to copper chloride. Chalcopyrite milling was performed at ambient temperature and in different times and dry chlorine gas atmosphere. Also, chlorination More
        In this research, chlorination of chalcopyrite in a low-energy mill was carried out in order to convert chalcopyrite to copper chloride. Chalcopyrite milling was performed at ambient temperature and in different times and dry chlorine gas atmosphere. Also, chlorination process was combined by mechanoleaching using different solvents at different times. X-ray diffraction analysis was used to identify the phases formed in the samples. X-ray diffraction pattern of milled chalcopyrite powders showed that in the low-energy milling, after a specified time, chalcopyrite is converted to chloride of iron, copper and sulfur. Scanning electron microscope images were obtained to evaluate the products morphology and reaction kinetics. Eventually, after 20 hours milling, about 60 percent of chalcopyrite were converted into chlorides. Manuscript profile
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        80 - بررسی تاثیر آسیاب‌کاری پرانرژی بر فرآیند کلراسیون کالکوپیریت
        هیربد رنجکش امیر حسین امامی رضا ابراهیمی کهریزسنگی
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        81 - The Effect of Clorpyrifos Pesticide on Tissue Changes of Kidney in Female Mature Rats
        آسیه اوراقی وحید حمایت خواه جهرمی محمد زارعیان
        Toxicity due to pesticide is the most wide spreading kind of toxicity which may have seen accidentally in persons who utilize these combinations for different purposes. The aim of this research is the investigation of the effect of clorpyrifos pesticide tissue changes o More
        Toxicity due to pesticide is the most wide spreading kind of toxicity which may have seen accidentally in persons who utilize these combinations for different purposes. The aim of this research is the investigation of the effect of clorpyrifos pesticide tissue changes of kidney in female mature rats. At this research 40 mature female rats from Wistar race were selected with 200andplusmn;15 g and 2.5 months age and divided into 4 of 10 groups. Control group didnand#39;t receive any drug. Experimental 1, 2 and 3 groups received doses of 1, 2 and 4 mg/kg of clorpyrifos interpritoneally. After 14 days, rats were analyzed and kidney tissues extracted and were inserted at %10 formalin solutions. Then histological studies were performed and measurable factors are including diameter of cortical and medulla parts, glomerulus, Bowmanand#39;s capsule, proximal and distal, Henle and collecting tubules. The results of this research show that the diameter of cortical part has significantly decreased in experimental 1 and 2 groups in comparison with control group. Collecting tubule diameter also at experimental 1, 2 and 3 groups has significantly increased (Pandlt;0.05). The clorpyrifos with effecting on cortical parts of kidney and collecting tubules resulted in kidney disorder that probably this effect is mediated by the oxygen active kinds mechanism. Manuscript profile
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        82 - Investigation the Effect of Sexual Pheromones of Female Rat on Testosterone Plasma Levels of Infant, Mature and Old Male Wistar Rat
        حیدر آقابابا اعظم لطافت
        Pheromones are the chemical matters which secreted from animals and act for regulating animal populations and their social interactions. Mammals sexual pheromones cause various behaviors such as aggressive behaviors, acceleration in puberty, courtship behavior, sexual p More
        Pheromones are the chemical matters which secreted from animals and act for regulating animal populations and their social interactions. Mammals sexual pheromones cause various behaviors such as aggressive behaviors, acceleration in puberty, courtship behavior, sexual partner finding, paternal behaviors and pregnancy failing. In this research, we examined the effect of female rat pheromone on the male ratand#39;s plasma levels of testosterone in infancy, puberty and old age. By using special cage, we considered the effect of sexual pheromones without the interface of visual, auditory and tactile stimuli. We used ELIZA method for measurement plasma levels of testosterone in male rats. In 50-day male rats which were not placed next to the female rat (control group), the mean of plasma level of testosterone was 2.83 ng/ml that increased in 55-day (2.95 ng/ml), 60-day (3.03 ng/ml) and 65-day rats (3.58 ng/ml). In 85-day mature male rats which were not placed next to the female rat (control group), the mean of plasma level of testosterone was 7.67 ng/ml that increased in 90-day (8.23 ng/ml), 95-day (9.18 ng/ml) and 65-day rats (10.49 ng/ml). This increasing in p andlt; 0.05 was significant. Although the plasma level of testosterone decrease among of old age (7.77 ng/ml) but in comparison to experimental groups of 150-day (8.83 ng/ml) and 160-day old rats (9.16 ng/ml) that receive female pheromones, plasma levels of testosterone were increase significantly. This finding indicate that female sexual pheromones increase the plasma level of testosterone and reproductive activities in infancy, puberty and old age periods of male rats life cycle. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        83 - The Teratogenic Effects Pesticide of Chlorpyrifos on the Development of BALB/c Mouse Embryos 3Th to 6Th Days of Pregnancy
        S. Rastgar Gharahshiran P. Torabzadeh S. Saffari
        Chlorpyrifos is one of organophosphate insecticides and had studied in recent years because it has many complications devastating on skin, nervous, respiratory and digestive systems, but its effects on the embryo especially during pregnancy has not been reviewed. Theref More
        Chlorpyrifos is one of organophosphate insecticides and had studied in recent years because it has many complications devastating on skin, nervous, respiratory and digestive systems, but its effects on the embryo especially during pregnancy has not been reviewed. Therefore, in study the teratogenic effects pesticide of Chlorpyrifos on the development of BALB/c mouse embryos 3rd to 6thd of pregnancy. In this study, 50 female BALB/c mouse were randomly divided into 6 equal groups a control group (non-injection: 5 mice) and witness (injection of saline: 5 mice) and 4 experimental groups (each group: 10 mice). A lethal dose LD50 was determined in condition of 25.32 ml/kg.bw in vivo and selected dose for injection 0.4 ml/kg.bw. Injection was done on the 3rd to 6th d of pregnancy days by enema. Then the mouse was sacrificed on day 15 of pregnancy. For security of results above experiences was repeated 2 times. Data were checked with SPSS 17 software by percentage. After a comparative study at this dose has been observed a significant increase, extrahepatic, exencephaly, syndactyly, having a defect in dynamic organs (legs and hands), extensive bleeding in whole body and exophthalmia were compared with control and witness groups.According to the findings, negative effects of Chlorpyrifos use as pesticides in agricultural products. On the mouse embryos, it is recommended to protect the environment and human health, especially pregnant women use of non-chemical methods to control pests. Manuscript profile
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        84 - Evaluation of sugar beet various cultivars some seed germination and seedling vigor traits by accelerated ageing test
        الهه Azadi آیدین Hamidi Sh Shoai فلورا Nazari
        In order to evaluation of some related to seed germination and seedling vigor traits of six mono germ sugar beet cultivars by accelerated ageing test, a research was conducted as factorial 4×6 (6 cultivars and 4 seed size) by 4 replications based on completely ran More
        In order to evaluation of some related to seed germination and seedling vigor traits of six mono germ sugar beet cultivars by accelerated ageing test, a research was conducted as factorial 4×6 (6 cultivars and 4 seed size) by 4 replications based on completely randomized design in seed quality analysis laboratory of Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute (SPCRI) at Karaj during 2019. Experiment treatments were including, Toucan, Dorotea, Rasta, Sharif (006), Pars (005) and Torbat (004) cultivars and seed width sizes, including 2, 3, 3.25 and 3.5 mm. By standard germination test conducting, after seeds accelerated ageing, final germination and normal seedlings percent, germination rate, germination meantime, coefficient of germination uniformity, seedling dry weight and length and seedling weight and length vigour indices determined. Results revealed that cultivar× seed size interaction effect was significant for all measured traits. The most final germination and normal seedlings percent and belonged to Sharifcultivar3.5 mm size seeds. AlsoTorbatcultivar3.5 mm size seeds had the most germination rate and the lowest mean germination time. Sharif cultivar 2 and 3 mm size seeds had highest coefficient of germination uniformity. The highest seedling dry weight belonged to Rasta and Doreata cultivars 3.5 size seeds. Rasta cultivar 3.5 mm size also had the most seedling length. Pars, Rasta and Toucan cultivars 3.5 mm size seeds had the most seedling weight vigour index and the most seedling length vigour index investigated in 3.5 and 3.2 mm size seeds of Torbat cultivar 3.5 mm size seeds. Generally, Sharif cultivar and 3.5 mm size seeds had more germinability and strong vigour. Manuscript profile
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        85 - Study on different maize hybrid KSC 704 seed shapes/size germination and vigor by accelerated ageing test
        عاطفه Jamalzade ahvazi آیدین Hamidi محمد Nasri
         In order to study the effect of seed primary germination ability and various seed shapes/size ofhybrid maize (Zea mays L.) single cross KSC 704 some related to germination and vigour traitsby accelerated ageing test, a factorial experiment based on completely rand More
         In order to study the effect of seed primary germination ability and various seed shapes/size ofhybrid maize (Zea mays L.) single cross KSC 704 some related to germination and vigour traitsby accelerated ageing test, a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with4 replications was conducted in 2020 in seed quality analysis laboratory of seed and plantcertification and registration institute (SPCRI) at Karaj. Experiment treatments including seedsflat and round shapes and medium sizes having 3 primary germination ability, 92% (abovestandard), 88% (standard) and 85 % (below standard). After accelerated ageing test, standardgermination test was conducted and final germination percent, normal seedlings percent, meangermination time, coefficient of velocity of germination, seedling length, seedling dry weight,seedling length vigor index and seedling weight vigor index determined. Results revealed thatflat seeds and 92 % primary germination ability of studied seed shapes/size seeds had the mostnormal seedlings percent (91 %), mean germination time (1.16-1.18 day) and flat seeds with92% primary germination ability coefficient of velocity of germination (0.865). Also, the mostseedling length belonged to and 92% primary germination ability (30.24) and medium sizeseeds (20.27 cm). Medium size seeds with 92% primary germination ability had the mostseedling dry weight (0.873 gr.) and seeds with 885 and 92% primary germination abilityrespectively had the most seedling length and weight vigor indices (2618 and 70). Thereforebased on this research results revealed that hybrid maize single cross KSC 704 medium size andflat shape standard and above standard primary germination ability seeds for purposes ofgermination ability and seedling vigor had high quality.  Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        86 - The Biological Effects Pesticide of Chlorpyrifos On the development of Balb/C Mouse Embryos Third to Sixth Days Of Pregnancy
        safoora saffari Parvin Torabzadeh Saba Rastgar gharahshiran
        Introduction: Chlorpyrifos is one of organophosphate Insecticides and had studied in recent years because it has many complications devastating on skin, nervous, respiratory and digestive systems. But It is effects on the embryo especially during pregnancy has not been More
        Introduction: Chlorpyrifos is one of organophosphate Insecticides and had studied in recent years because it has many complications devastating on skin, nervous, respiratory and digestive systems. But It is effects on the embryo especially during pregnancy has not been reviewed, . Therefore in study The Biological effects pesticide of Chlorpyrifos on the development of Balb/C mouse embryos Third to Sixth days of pregnancy.Material and Method: In this study 90 female Balb/C mouse were randomly divided into 6 equal groups acontrol group (non- injection) and witess (injection of saline) and 4 experimental groups. A lethaldose LD50 was determined in condition of 25/32 ml/kg.bw in vivo and selected dose for injection 0/4 ml/kg.bw. Injection was done on the Third to Sixth days of pregnancy days by enema. Then the mouse were sacrificed on day 15 of pregnancy.For security of results above experiences was repeated three times. Data was checked with SPSS17 software with ANOVA and Duncan test subjest to (P Manuscript profile
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        87 - Determine thePsychometric Properties ofAging Perception Questionnaire (APQ)
        Farideh Haghi Adis Mojbari Farhad Jomehri
        Manuscript profile
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        88 - The effect of chitosan on morphological and biochemical indices of seedling of aging accelerated soybean seeds
        Vahid Mansouri Gandomani Heshmat Omidi
        10.22034/aej.2016.524150
        To determine the effect of a chitosan on aging accelerated soybean seeds, a study was conducted based on completely randomized design in factorial experiment with three replications in 2015 Science and Research Laboratory of Shahed University, Tehran. The first factor w More
        To determine the effect of a chitosan on aging accelerated soybean seeds, a study was conducted based on completely randomized design in factorial experiment with three replications in 2015 Science and Research Laboratory of Shahed University, Tehran. The first factor was levels of accelerated aging including 0, 24 and 48 hours storing of seeds in saturated humidity at 41°C temperature. The second factor was chitosan different concentrations including 0, 0.25 and 0.5% w/v rates. In this experiment, morphological traits such as number of normal seedlings, seedling length, shoot relative water content of, shoot to root ratio and biochemical characteristics such as chlorophyll a and b, chlorophyll a to b ratio and the amount of carotenoids in soybean leaves were measured. Chitosan had positive significant effect on aging accelerated soybean seeds germination, also effecting on chlorophyll a and b and carotenoids amounts in soybean seedling leaves tending to morphological characteristics improvement. Chitosan has also increased the number of normal seedlings resulted from aging accelerated seeds, shoot to root fresh weight resulting in  modulating destructive effect of accelerating of soybean seeds. Therefore, chitosan effecting on physiological traits and soybean seedling germination of soybean seeds could reduce the damage on soybean seeds caused by aging acceleration as a priming environment friendly and safe treatment. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        89 - Effect of biofertilizers on vegetative growth and essential oil of sweet basil
        Vahid Maleki Khaled Salimi Mohammad Reza Ardakani
        10.22034/aej.2016.522438
        ABSTRACT      To study the effect of biofertilizers including mycorrhiza, azotobacter and azospirillum bacteria on vegetative traits of basil plant, an experiment was conducted at research field of Karaj Azad University based on randomized complete block More
        ABSTRACT      To study the effect of biofertilizers including mycorrhiza, azotobacter and azospirillum bacteria on vegetative traits of basil plant, an experiment was conducted at research field of Karaj Azad University based on randomized complete block design with four replications. Eight treatments include: no inoculation as control, inoculation with mycorrhiza, inoculation with azotobacter, inoculation with azospirillum, inoculation with mycorrhiza + azotobacter, inoculation with mycorrhiza + azospirillum, inoculation with azotobacter + azospirillum, and inoculation with mycorrhiza + azotobacter + azospirillum. Shoot amd root dry and fresh weight, inflorescence and plant height of sweet basil significantly increased by incubation with biofertilizers. Shoot dry weight was significantly higher in integrative inculation in camparison with control, but there were no significant differences among individual incubation of biofertilizers with control. Root dry and fresh weight were significantly higher in azotobacter and azospirillum in comparison with mycorrhiza; however, there was not a noticeable increase in integrative inoculation of biofertilizers. Inflorescence length and plant height were siginificantly higher in treated plants in camparison with control. In contrast, leaf width, leaf length and essential oil content of basil were not affected by biofertilizers. Thus, integrative application of azotobacter and azospirillum as seed incubation to increase the biomass and essential oil yield of basil is recommended. Manuscript profile

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