Survey of Diazinon and Chlorpyrifos Pesticide Residues in the Corp of Apple (Red Delicious Variety) of Miyandoab’s Springhouses by Using HPLC-PDA
Subject Areas :
Food Science and Technology
H.
Shahyan
1
(M.Sc. Graduate in Food Engineering, Maragheh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Maragheh, Iran)
H.
Sheikhloie
2
(Assistant Professor of Department of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Maragheh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Maragheh, Iran)
Received: 2015-11-10
Accepted : 2016-03-13
Published : 2017-07-23
Keywords:
diazinon,
Chlorpyrifos,
Solid phase extraction,
Pesticide residues,
High-performance liquid chromatography,
Abstract :
In this research to investigate the probable contamination of the apple tree to pesticides that is used by farmers in Miandoab, the residues of Diazinon and Chlorpirifos were investigated in this crop. First, the sampling is carried out by using the simple random sampling method and then, after Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) through High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), the residues of Diazinon and chlorpirifos were measured. So that, the pesticides residues in apples that were washed with skin, without skin and, in peeled apples were measured 0.08, 0.31, 0.68 ppm for Diazinon and 0.24, 0.54, 0.98 ppm for Chlorpirifos, respectively. Comparison of the statistical results with global standards reveals that the residues of Diazinon in Apples with the skin, and the residues of Chlorpirifos in three modes: Unwashed with the skin, washed with the skin and peeled is more than global standards (Diazinon 0.5 ppm and Chlorpirifos 0.01 ppm) Therefore, it is required that the authorities and farmers of this region pay special attention to residues and the time of applying pesticides; thereby, they can prevent endangering health society.
References:
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· Sarailoo, M.H. (1998). A Text Book of Insect Toxicology. Gorgan: Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resource, 528 p.
· Sedigh Ahmadi, S., Jafari, M., Asgari, A. and Salehi, M. (2012). Acute effect of diazinon on lipid peroxidation level and activities of antioxidant enzymes in rat spleen. Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, 16(1): 1-9 [In Persian].
· Svodova, M., Luskova, V., Drastichova, J. and Zlabek, V. (2001). The effect of diazinon on hematological indices of common carp. Acta veterinaria Brno, 70: 457-465.
· Danis, T.G., Karagiozoglou, D.T., Tsakiris, I.N., Alegakis, A.K. and Tsatsakis, A.M. (2011). Evaluation of pesticides residues in Greek peaches during 2002–2007 after the implementation of integrated crop management. Food Chemistry, 126(1): 97-103.
· Torres, C.M., Pico, Y. and Manes, J. (1996). Determination of pesticide residues in fruit and vegetables. Journal of Chromatography, 754: 301-331.
· Zand, E., Baghestani, M.A., Bitarafan, M. and Shimi, P. (2007). A Guide line for Herbicides in Iran. Mashhad, Jahad-e-Daneshgahi Press, 66 p.
· Zimdahl, R.C. (1999). Fundamentals of Weed Science. 2nd edition, San Diego, Academic Press, 586 p.
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· Bai, y., Zhou, L. and Wang, J. (2006). Organophosphorous pesticide residues in market foods in shanxi area china. Journal of Food Chemistry, 98(2): 240–242.
· Christensen, K., Harper, B., Luukinen, B., Buhl, K. and Stone, D. (2009). Chlorpyrifos technical fact sheet, National pesticide information center, Oregan State University Extension Services. Available from: http://www.npic.orst.edu/fact sheets/ Chlorptech. Pdf.
· EPA. (2009). Pesticide Residues in Food. Food and Agriculture organization of the United Nations.
· Fakhari, H., Jalalizand, A.R., Abtahi, M. and Shayaghi, S.M. (2011). Study of Chloropyrifos & Deltamethrin residues in sugar beet in Isfahan province, 2010-2011. Plant Protection Journal, 3(1): 27- 36 [In Persian].
· Gallo, M.A. and Lawryk, N.J. (1991). Organic Phosphorus Pesticides.In: Handbook of Pesticide toxicology Cass of pesticides,Vol. 2, New York:,Academic Press, 917-1123.
· Jardim A.N.O. and Caldas, E.D. (2012). Brazilian monitoring programs of pestiside residuse in food – result from 2001 to 2010. Food Control, 25(2): 607-616
· Knezevic, Z. and Serdar, M. (2009). Screening of fresh fruit and vegetables for pesticide residues on Croatian market. Food Control, 20: 419-422.
· Krol, W.J., Arsenault, T.L., Pylypiw, H.M. and Mattina, M.J.I. (2000). Reduction of pesticide residues on produce by rinsing. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 48: 4666-4670.
· Lozowicka, B., Jankowska, M. and Kaczynski, P. (2012). Pesticide residues in brassica vegetables and exposure assessment of consumers. Journal of Food Control, 25: 561-575.
Makey Al Agha, M. and farahani, M. (2012). Determination of diazinon and chlorpyrifos pesticide residues in golden and red delicious apples of Damavand area. Journal of Environmental Studies, 38(62): 111-116 [In Persian].
Maliji, Gh., Jorsaraei, S.Gh., Zabihi, E., Fattahi, E., Rezaie, E. and Sohan Faraji, A. (2014). Diazinon alters sex hormones, Interferon-gamma, Interleukin-4 and 10 in male Wistar rats. Journal of Gorgan University of Medical Sciences, 16(1): 22-28 [In Persian].
· Mohammad Shokrzadeh, M., Karami, M., Jafari Valoujaei, M. and Zamani Renani, A. (2013). Measuring Diazinon Residue in Thampson Orange. Journal of Mazandaran university medical science, 23(105): 91-99 [In Persian].
· Mohammadi, Sh. and Imani, S. (2012). Deltamethrin and Chloropyrifos residue determination on greenhouse tomato in Karaj by Solid Phase Extraction. Plant Protection Journal, 4: 57-66 [In Persian].
Morowati, M. and Azadvar, M. (2013). Determination of Diazinon residue levels and preharvest intervals in green house Cucumbers in Jiroft. Genetic Engineering and Biosafety Journal, 2(1): 29-36 [In Persian].
· Ostadi, Y., Yavari, Gh., Shojaei, M., Mirdamadi, S.M. and Imani, S. (2009). Determination of residual insecticide diazinon in greenhouse cucumber supplied to the fruit and vegetable market in Tehran. Plant Protection Journal, 1(4): 345-354 [In Persian].
· Padilla, S. (1995). The neurotoxicity of cholinesterase-inhibiting insecticides: past and present evidence demonstrating persistent effects. Inhalation Toxicology, 7: 903-907.
· Rakhshani, E. (2010). The Principles of Toxicology in agriculture (pesticides). 3d edition, comprehensive dictionary publication, Tehran, 376 p. [In Persian].
· Rezvani Moghaddam, P., Ghorbani, R., Kocheki, A.R., Alimoradi, L., Azizi, G. and Siahmergoei, A. (2009). Evaluation of pesticide residues in agricultural products of Iran Case Study: Evaluation of diazinon residue in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and melon (Cucumis melon). Environmental Sciences, 6(3): 63-72 [In Persian].
· Sarailoo, M.H. (1998). A Text Book of Insect Toxicology. Gorgan: Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resource, 528 p.
· Sedigh Ahmadi, S., Jafari, M., Asgari, A. and Salehi, M. (2012). Acute effect of diazinon on lipid peroxidation level and activities of antioxidant enzymes in rat spleen. Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, 16(1): 1-9 [In Persian].
· Svodova, M., Luskova, V., Drastichova, J. and Zlabek, V. (2001). The effect of diazinon on hematological indices of common carp. Acta veterinaria Brno, 70: 457-465.
· Danis, T.G., Karagiozoglou, D.T., Tsakiris, I.N., Alegakis, A.K. and Tsatsakis, A.M. (2011). Evaluation of pesticides residues in Greek peaches during 2002–2007 after the implementation of integrated crop management. Food Chemistry, 126(1): 97-103.
· Torres, C.M., Pico, Y. and Manes, J. (1996). Determination of pesticide residues in fruit and vegetables. Journal of Chromatography, 754: 301-331.
· Zand, E., Baghestani, M.A., Bitarafan, M. and Shimi, P. (2007). A Guide line for Herbicides in Iran. Mashhad, Jahad-e-Daneshgahi Press, 66 p.
· Zimdahl, R.C. (1999). Fundamentals of Weed Science. 2nd edition, San Diego, Academic Press, 586 p.
