• List of Articles diazinon

      • Open Access Article

        1 - Analysis of Organophosphorus Pesticide Diazinon Residue in Water Samples of Abbas Abad River, Hamedan, Iran
        Sahar Orfi Yeganeh Soheil Sobhanardakani Saeed Jamehbozorgi
        10.30495/jest.2021.8358
        Background and Objective: Increasing population growth and the need to develop agricultural products have increased the use of pesticides and thus the pollution of water resources as one of the environmental problems. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the More
        Background and Objective: Increasing population growth and the need to develop agricultural products have increased the use of pesticides and thus the pollution of water resources as one of the environmental problems. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the residual concentration of diazinon pesticide in the water of Abbasabad River in Hamedan in 2014.Method: Water samples were collected from four stations along the Abbas Abad River. In the laboratory, after sample preparation, diazinon residues were determined using a spectrophotometric method. All statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS software.Findings: The maximum mean concentration of diazinon residues (µg/L) in samples of spring and summer seasons were 97.0 ± 10.2 and 202 ± 13.7, respectively. Also, the mean contents of pesticide residues in the water samples in both seasons were higher than the maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) established by WHO and EPA.Discussion and Conclusion: Due to exceeding the average residual concentration of pesticides in the evaluated water samples, it is necessary to pay attention to issues such as training gardeners in order to use pesticides correctly and in principle. Also, measures should be considered in order to use the water of this river for drinking or farming cold-water fish.  Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Extraction and Determination of Diazinon Poison by NiZnS-C Nanoparticles by Ultrasound Microextraction and Experimental Design from Environmental Waters
        Saeid Khodadoust Mohammad Sharif Talebiyanpour
        10.30495/jest.2021.50606.4981
        Background and Objective: Organophosphates are the basis of many pesticides and chemical warfare agents. Organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) are a class of chemicals that generally act as cholinesterase inhibitors and have been widely used in agriculture due to their hig More
        Background and Objective: Organophosphates are the basis of many pesticides and chemical warfare agents. Organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) are a class of chemicals that generally act as cholinesterase inhibitors and have been widely used in agriculture due to their high efficiency as insecticides. The main purpose of this study is to present a new method for extracting diazinon toxin from ambient water.Material and Methodology: In this research NiZnS nonmaterial supported on the activated carbon synthesized and characterized with various method including XRD, FT-IR and TEM. Then these nanomaterials with 45 nm average particle size was applied for extraction of diazinon pesticide based on dispersive nano solid material-ultrasound assisted microextraction (DNSUAME) from environmental water samples prior to HPLC-UV. The optimum effective variables on the extraction yields were investigated by central composite design.Findings: The optimized DNSUAME combined with HPLC-UV allowed quantification of trace levels of diazinon in the water samples. The advantages of the proposed method based on the new nanomaterial include simple, and inexpensive synthesis method; rapid and convenient extraction operation, feasibility for large-volume samples, high sensitivity, and precision and accuracy in preconcentration and determination of diazinon. Discussion and Conclusion: At optimum conditions values of variables set as 15.5 mg of NiZnS-AC, 5.5 min vortex and 5.5 min sonication time. At optimum conditions method has linear response over 0.001-10 µgmL-1 with detection limit 0.0005 µgmL-1 with relative standard deviations (RSDs) less than 6 % (n=6).  Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        3 - The assessment of Diazinon, Carbaryl and Azinphous metyl pesticides Residue in the rivers of Qom, Iran in 2016
        Abedin Saghafipour Mohammad Reza Khaksar Nahid Jesri Fatemeh Rezaei
        10.22034/jest.2019.11142
        Background and Objective: Given the widespread use of pesticides to preserve crops, their retention in the environment is inevitable. Agricultural development and the use of various pesticides in Qom province can affect the aquatic ecosystem for a long time. The aim of More
        Background and Objective: Given the widespread use of pesticides to preserve crops, their retention in the environment is inevitable. Agricultural development and the use of various pesticides in Qom province can affect the aquatic ecosystem for a long time. The aim of this study was to determine the residual concentrations of organophosphorus pesticides azinfus methyl and diazinon and carbamate carbohydrate toxin in water of major rivers of Qom province. Method: In this study, 144 water samples were collected from 4 main rivers of Qom during 12 consecutive months in 2016. For determination of these pesticides, two methods (solid- phase extraction and Liquid-Liquid extraction) were adopted and samples were analyzed by means of HPLC and GC/MS applying standard methods. Findings: Final results showed that the most concentration of Diazinon, Carbaryl and Azinphos metyl pesticides were found to be about 24.5 ppb (part per billion), 14.52 and 4.54 ppb in summer respectively. The minimum concentration of the three pesticides was detected in winter. According to the statistical test Two - Way ANOWA there were significant differences among pesticides concentrations in the water samples in different seasons (p<002). Results and Discussion: The findings of present study had shown that pesticides residue concentration in water samples is more than standard level. As a result of the continuous use of these pesticides in the agricultural activity, these emissions can be a serious threat to public health. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        4 - Determination of Diazinon in Water of Rice fields of Amol city by Thin Layer Chromatography Technique
        Reza Arjmandi Mitra Tavakol Mansoreh Shayeghi
        Increasing growth of population, undesirable economic situations of the world especially the third world, shortage of foodstuffs, hungriness, illness, they are all problems to be solved from economical and agricultural aspects. Protecting agricultural products from pest More
        Increasing growth of population, undesirable economic situations of the world especially the third world, shortage of foodstuffs, hungriness, illness, they are all problems to be solved from economical and agricultural aspects. Protecting agricultural products from pests and diseases which inflicts considerable damage to farmers and cultivators each year which is another puzzle to be played and sorted. For this purpose, each year repeated, irregular and uninformed pesticides sprayings are carried out too many times which unfortunately cause resistance of pests against these drugs as well as environmental pollution and it can disaffect other live creatures. It is therefore necessary that more extensive research to be performed on agricultural pesticides and their relative health sciences in the light of bioenvironmental remarks. Mazandaran province is one of the agricultural poles of our country. Diazinon is one the most consumed agricultural pesticides in order to destroy the pests in this region. In this research study of residua of pesticide (Diazinon) in water, Rice field in Amol city, Mazandaran province was performed in year 2007. Findings:  The sampling was carried out on an accidental basis and the samples were taken from each station from the whole width of the river at each interval and mixed and studied the primary experiment and extractions which were carried out by using di-cholero methane and Acetone and finally the amount of pesticide residue was determined by using the H.P.T.L.C (High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography) method and CATS-4 software. According to the ANOVA, trails were in statistical analysis .Time of sampling of water was reported in one day after poisoning. Results show: Diazinon insecticide: this insecticide is used to destroy the stem boring caterpillar of Rice and Citrus tree pests frequently and was observed in the sampling stations 1 and 4 for 2 weeks after poisoning and in station 2 and 3 for one month after poisoning and in station 5 up to second month after application. The greatest amount of Diazinon poisons in station 1 was 1.14ppm which was greater than European Standard. This study cleared physical and chemical properties of the studied insecticides، such as fumigation quality، ecological conditions and type of soil، cause the decrease and finally disappearance of insecticides during the period of plant growth. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        5 - Performance of granular activated carbon to diazinon removal from aqueous solutions
        Meghdad Pirsaheb Abdollah Dargahi
        Background and Objective: Increasing use of pesticides and improper methods of sewage disposal will cause water resources pollution and extremely damaging effects on the environment. This study aimed at Performance of granular activated carbon to diazinon removal from a More
        Background and Objective: Increasing use of pesticides and improper methods of sewage disposal will cause water resources pollution and extremely damaging effects on the environment. This study aimed at Performance of granular activated carbon to diazinon removal from aqueous solution and assessing the relationship between COD and diazinon concentration. Methods: This study is as a cross - sectional and work was carried out in lab-scale. Firstly, diazinon concentrations 1, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 100, 150 mg/l were prepared from Stock solution (1000 mg/L), and then their COD were measured. Optimum pH for 2-4-D removal was determined and its absorption rate in different concentrations was measured. Findings: Results showed a relationship between COD and concentration. On the other hand, COD removal increased with passage of the time, so that maximum removal 88% at contact time of 50 min observed. Optimum pH for all concentrations was determined to be Discussion and Conclusion: According to present study it can be concluded that activated carbon have be high performance of diazinon removal from water. In addition, a significant relationship was observed between COD and diazinon concentration, so that direct. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        6 - Evaluation of organophosphorus pesticide diazinon residues in greenhouse crops (Case study: Zucchini)
        Soheil Sobhanardakani Maryam Younesian Saeed Jameh Bozorgi
        Background and Objective: Today, food security is one of important issues of consumers of agricultural products. Therefore, this study was carried out for evaluation of organophosphorus pesticide diazinon residues in zucchini as a greenhouse crop. Method: In this study, More
        Background and Objective: Today, food security is one of important issues of consumers of agricultural products. Therefore, this study was carried out for evaluation of organophosphorus pesticide diazinon residues in zucchini as a greenhouse crop. Method: In this study, totally 10 specimen of zucchini were collected from greenhouses and market basket of Hamadan city. After cutting the samples and then added with acetone, the solution was filtered. Then added sodium sulfate and dichloromethane to filtered solution, we attempted to separate the lower phase. The lower phase is evaporated in the oven until was set at 2 ml. Finally diazinon residues in samples determined using a spectrophotometric method in 3 replications. The statistical calculations were done using SPSS version 18.0 statistical package. Findings: Theresults showed that the average concentration of diazinon residues in samples were 0.105±0.006, 0.093±0.003, 0.149±0.013, 0.159±0.027, 0.151±0.013, 0.147±0.018, 0.119±0.006, 0.171±0.013, 0.157±0.018, 0.140±0.027 mg kg-1, respectively and more than the maximum residue limit provided by the Codex alimentarius and the European Commission. The results of the comparison of the mean concentration of pesticide residues between samples revealed significant differences between all the samples together (p<0.05). Discussion and Conclusion: According to the results, the average concentrations of diazinon residues in zucchini exceeding the maximum residue limit provided by Codex Alimentarius Commission and the European Commission. Therefore, education of farmers for optimal agricultural inputs usage, especially pesticides is recommended.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        7 - Evaluation of Diazinon Groundwater Resources in the Lavasanat area Based on SPME (Case Study: Large and Small Lavasanat)
        marzieh Babaei Saeedreza Asemi Shahrzad Khoramnejad
        Abstract Organophosphorus pesticides are widely used for agricultural purposes, so it is make the Diazinon one of environmental issues. Given the importance of water and the effects that pollution can have on human health and natural ecosystems, water quality monitoring More
        Abstract Organophosphorus pesticides are widely used for agricultural purposes, so it is make the Diazinon one of environmental issues. Given the importance of water and the effects that pollution can have on human health and natural ecosystems, water quality monitoring is very important. The aim of this study was to determine the contamination entered in the area of large and small Lavasanat‘s groundwater. In the study area, were randomly selected 6 villages and six wells in each village (upstream and downstream) were sampled. After transferring the samples to the laboratory, using micro solid-phase extraction method, diazinon concentrations were measured. Results showed that Small Lavasanat is more polluted than Large Lavasanat. Niknam village and Hanzak with average concentrations of diazinon 13.792 and 13.328 micrograms per liter, respectively, were the most polluted underground water resources in the study area, respectively. Compare Diazinon estimated average by world standards, showed the amount of contamination of drinking water in the rural areas according to the standard, were higher than the standard limit and the groundwater does not match. The planning related to water resources management as well as monitoring the health of watersheds and change management in the study area should be prioritized.     Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        8 - Preparation of Diazinon Adsorbent NanoComposite using Pine Activated Carbon and Manganese Oxide Nanoparticles
        Noraddin Hosseinpour Azad Ehsan Shokri Najmeh Nassiri
        Background and Objective: The use of activated carbon in company with metal nano catalysts for pesticides removal from the environment has been considered by researchers, recently. This study aimed to remove diazinon residues from water using Nano-MnO2/PAC composite mad More
        Background and Objective: The use of activated carbon in company with metal nano catalysts for pesticides removal from the environment has been considered by researchers, recently. This study aimed to remove diazinon residues from water using Nano-MnO2/PAC composite mading from Pinus eldarica activated carbon containing manganese dioxide nanoparticles.Method: Initially, the powdered residues of pine cone were treated using phosphoric acid and then converted to activated carbon by chemically heat method under ordinary atmosphere. Then manganese dioxide nanoparticles were synthesized in its substrate. The chemical structure and carbon appearance of the resulting pine fruit and nanocomposite were described by SEM, TEM, XRD, and IR characterization methods. Adsorption tests are performed to evaluate the removal efficiency of diazinon from aqueous solution by applying operational variables including pH (2-10), temperature (16-42 0C), contact time (2-120 min), and at initial concentrations (0.05-100 mg/L) of diazinon was studied.Findings: Microscopic images and spectroscopy showed that manganese dioxide nanoparticles with an approximate size of 37.5 nm were present in the nanocomposite. The results showed that small amounts of nanocomposite (3 mg/L) were able to remove 94.6% of the diazinon with an initial concentration of 40 mg/L. The best description of the adsorption process at optimal pH 4, with fit in the Langmuir isotherm model with a correlation coefficient of 0.985.Discussion and Conclusions: According to results, the presence of manganese dioxide nanoparticles improved the removal efficiency of diazinon by 13.7% compared to activated carbon of pine fruit. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        9 - HPTLC method’s Application for the study of Diazinon Concentration in the Rice paddies
        Reza Arjmandi mansore shayeghi mitra Tavakol
        In most rice paddies in Mazandaran Province, Diazinon is applied to control Chilo suppressalis.Due to the extensive application of insecticides in the rice paddies of the Caspian coasts of Iran, thisinvestigation was carried out on the rice fields and ric More
        In most rice paddies in Mazandaran Province, Diazinon is applied to control Chilo suppressalis.Due to the extensive application of insecticides in the rice paddies of the Caspian coasts of Iran, thisinvestigation was carried out on the rice fields and rice granules in order to obtain the necessary dataand information on the concentration of insecticide residues. This study was done in a center in AmolTownship in 1386 by using thin-layer chromatography in order to investigate Diazinon on 125 samples.Sampling period was one day after spraying until observing Diazinon. Results indicate that the insecticide is used frequently to combat stem boring caterpillar of rice and citrus tree’s pest. The residuals of this toxic chemical were observed in the majority of stations from the day after the spraying until one to two months later. The greatest level of Diazinon, was in Station #1 in amount of 1.14 ppm. This study revealed that the physical and chemical properties of the studied insecticides such as fumigation quality as well as the ecological conditions and soil type influence the reduction and eventual removal of the insecticides during the cultivation and harvest periods. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        10 - Protective Effects of Voluntary Exercise and extract of Salvia officinalis on diazinon induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats
        Esmaeil Fatahi Akbar Hajizadeh Mogadam Tahereh Bagery
        Inroduction & Objective:Diazinon (DZN) is organophosphate pesticides which as environmental pollutants cause oxidative stress. This study was done to determinate protective effects of exercise programand Salvia officinalis extract on liver tissue damages from diazinon.M More
        Inroduction & Objective:Diazinon (DZN) is organophosphate pesticides which as environmental pollutants cause oxidative stress. This study was done to determinate protective effects of exercise programand Salvia officinalis extract on liver tissue damages from diazinon.Material and Methods:: in this study, 35 wistar rats randomly divided into equal groups including: control, DZN, DZN - extract, exercise- DZN, exercise- extract – DZN.  Salvia officinalis extract with 100 mg/kg dosage for 4 weeks and DZN with 200 mg/kg dosage for once via intraperitoneally injection. Animals were sacrificed 24 hours after the last injection and blood samples were collected from the heart, sera were used to measure the concentrations of ALT and AST via RIA method.   Then liver removed of body and sections were prepared for histopathological studies. Data analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Duncan.Results: Number of hepatocytes and sinusoids capillary significantly reduced in DZN group compared to control (pConclusion: Salvia officinalisextract and exercise improves the body's antioxidant status and reduces of oxidative stress against diazinon. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        11 - Effect of Sublethal Concentrations of Diazinon in Testicular Tissue in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)
        معصومه درویشی مجره رقیه صفری
        Inroduction & Objective: Diazinon is an organophosphoric pesticide used in agricultural fields. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sublethal concentrations of diazinon on testicular tissue in Danio rerio.  Material and Methods:For this purpose More
        Inroduction & Objective: Diazinon is an organophosphoric pesticide used in agricultural fields. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sublethal concentrations of diazinon on testicular tissue in Danio rerio.  Material and Methods:For this purpose, 240 male animals with mean weight of 0.20 ± 0.05 were subjected to 0.8, 1.6 and 3.2 mg / l of diazinon and control for 30 days. Results: In histopathological study, the highest abnormality was observed in the highest dose (3.2 mg / l) and the most important abnormality was reduction in gonad size. In control group, the testicular tissue had adequate size and growth, and the cells were in the sexual maturity stage, but in 0.8 mg/ l, cellular atrophy and lose of lobular walls was observedIn 1.6 mg / l, the degeneration and atrophy of the sexual cells, destruction of shape and walls of the lobules was observed. At the highest concentration, the degeneration and atrophy of the sexual cells, destruction of shape and wall of the lobules and the decrease in the number of sex cells were observed. This decrease in the number of sexual cells results in reduction of testicular tissue size. Conclusion: These observations indicate an increase in complications and anomalies with the increase in toxin concentrations Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        12 - Diazinon residue in greenhouse cucumber of Tehran fruit and vegetable markets
        Yahya Ostadi Gholamreza Yavari Mahmoud Shojaei Seyyed Mehdi Mirdamadi Sohrab Imani
        To evaluate Diazinon residue in greenhouse cucumber in fruit and vegetable markets in Tehrans, 90 samples were conducted from 59 area selected by stratified sampling method. First the samples divided by two groups ,washed samples and not washed samples , then each of th More
        To evaluate Diazinon residue in greenhouse cucumber in fruit and vegetable markets in Tehrans, 90 samples were conducted from 59 area selected by stratified sampling method. First the samples divided by two groups ,washed samples and not washed samples , then each of them divided by three types peeled , not peeled and only peelings. The residues measured in all of the type samples extracted by solid phase extraction method and extracts analyzed by GC and GC/MS systems. Results showed that in two samples there were residue higher than the Maximum Residual Levels , and the amount of residue were 1.2 ppm in washed and notpeeled sample (washed cucumber) and 10.4 ppm in not washed peel sample. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        13 - Study on lethal effects of Diazinon and Imidaclopride on fourth instar larvae and adult Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant (Col., Coccinellidae) under laboratory condition
        S. Aghabaglou Sh. Goldasteh Z. Rafiei Karahroudi
        Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant is one of the important predators of the citrus          mealybug, Planococcus citri (Risso). This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Diazinon and Imidaclopride in direct (sp More
        Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant is one of the important predators of the citrus          mealybug, Planococcus citri (Risso). This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Diazinon and Imidaclopride in direct (spraying) and indirect methods (prey treated with insecticide) on larvae and adults of the ladybird.The experiment was conducted in 5 treatments and 4 replications under 25±1° C and 65±5% RH. Each replicate included 25 larvae and adults. Mortalities were recorded 72 h after treatment. The results indicated that Diazinon and        Imidaclopride were moderate toxic (33-66%) to adult stage of C. montrouzieri (according to IOBC standard method) in direct spraying method The corrected mortalities of fourth instar larvae of C. montrouzieri by field recommended doses were lower than 30% (slightly harmful). The corrected mortalities of pesticides with different dosages on fourth instar larvae were lower than 10% (harmless pesticide). In other experiment, the realative toxicity of Diazinon on adult stage of C. montrouzieri in indirect method (prey treated with insecticide) was ranged between (66-100%) and Imidaclopride which was lower than 30% (slightly harmful). The    corrected mortalities of pesticide induced by different dosages varied dosages on adult stage of C. montrouzieri was lower than 20% (harmless). Relative toxicity of tested pesticides on fourth instar larvae C.was lower than 20% (harmless). Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        14 - Evaluation of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) (Lep., Noctuidae) resistance to insecticides Thiodicarb, Chloropyrifos and Diazinon
        M. Ahmadi Sh. Goldasteh B. Amiri Besheli Z. Rafiei E. Sanatgar
        The sugarbeet armyworm is one of the most important pests of sugar beet in Iran. However it is considered as a polyphagous pest. Owing to the inefficacy of most commonly used insecticides for the pest control, this study evaluated the sensitivity of two populations of t More
        The sugarbeet armyworm is one of the most important pests of sugar beet in Iran. However it is considered as a polyphagous pest. Owing to the inefficacy of most commonly used insecticides for the pest control, this study evaluated the sensitivity of two populations of the third instar larvae of Spodoptera exigua from two regions of Juibar and Gharakhil (north of Iran) to the insecticides Diazinon, Chloropyrifos, and Thiodicarb using enzymatic assessment. The results showed that the esterase activitiesof the third instar larvae of Juibar and Gharakhail colonies to thiodicarb was 0.196 and 0.302, for Chloropyrifos was 0.174 and 0.314 and for Diazinon was 0.099 and 0.285 μM /min/mg protein respectively. Based on the enzymatic activity, it can be reckoned that Spodoptera exigua from Juibar are more sensitive than those from Gharakhil. Enzymatic activity at various doses of pesticides showed significant differences between doses of the insecticides in the two populations. Increasing in dose of insecticides results decreases in esterase activities in Gharakhil and increase in population of Juibar. This indicates that the population of the beet armyworm in Gharakhil region is more resistant to the applied insecticides on population of Juibar. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        15 - The susceptibility of onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lind. (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) to different groups of insecticides
        A. Sheikhi Garjan R. Nikpour V. Baniameri
        Onion thrips is a key pest of vegetable crops. Chemical control is a conventional control method of onion thrips. The infested fields to onion thrips are usually treated several times each year. This study was conducted in the laboratory conditions to find the effective More
        Onion thrips is a key pest of vegetable crops. Chemical control is a conventional control method of onion thrips. The infested fields to onion thrips are usually treated several times each year. This study was conducted in the laboratory conditions to find the effective insecticides by using the filter paper bioassay. Cypermethrin EC10%, deltamethrin EC2.5%, diazinon EC60%, oxymatrine AS 0.6%, and spinosad (Tracer® SC240) were used in the bioassay. The filter papers were dipped in sequential concentrations of the insecticides The median lethal concentration (LC50) of insecticides was determined on 4 day-old adult thrips at 24 hours after treatments. The LC50 values of the insecticides were included 38.08, 3.08, 47.4, 2.43 and 4.8 a.i. µg/ml respectively. Oxymatrine and diazinon had the highest and lowest toxicity on T. tabaci respectively. Thus, oxymatrine can be considered as a new effective insecticide against onion thrips with low risk on environment and human. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        16 - Evaluation of diazinon degradation using ultraviolet
        elham ghalenoei Sohrab Imani Samin Seddigh
        Agricultural pesticides may have detrimental effects on the environment and people consuming fresh products. Diazinon is a semi-systemic synthetic organophosphate insecticide, acaricide and nematicide, which is commonly used in agriculture because of its respiratory, co More
        Agricultural pesticides may have detrimental effects on the environment and people consuming fresh products. Diazinon is a semi-systemic synthetic organophosphate insecticide, acaricide and nematicide, which is commonly used in agriculture because of its respiratory, contact, and digestive effects on a wide variety of rodent and sucking pests. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a form of electromagnetic energy with a short wavelength and a large amount of energy that is invisible to humans. UV's detrimental effects on all life on land and water, from bacteria to plants and vertebrates, are well known. In this analysis, the degradation of diazinon was evaluated using this radiation as a pesticide degrading agent. The experiment was carried out in two sprays on apple fruit and filter paper. Control samples were kept out of direct sunlight, while treatment samples were exposed to sunlight for 30, 60, 120 and 300 minutes. Each experiment was performed in three replications. According to the findings, the rate of diazinon degradation in the reactor was higher than that of sunlight. So that the highest degradation rate after 300 minutes with an average of 60% and 83% was observed in solar and reactor, respectively. Not only did UV radiation have a degrading effect on diazinon, but also it had a significant effect in combination with other factors.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        17 - Examining the effect of the pickled cucumber preparation process on the amount of metalaxyl and diazinon pesticide residue in traditional cucumber product
        Marzieh Sadeghi Shiva Dehghan Abkenar Nazanin Khakipour
        10.30495/zisti.2023.1971196.1139
        Introduction: Controlling the residual pesticides in food, particularly fruits and vegetables, is essential to preserving its health. Diazinon and metalaxyl as substance pesticides have been the focal point of numerous agrarian makers because of their extensive variety More
        Introduction: Controlling the residual pesticides in food, particularly fruits and vegetables, is essential to preserving its health. Diazinon and metalaxyl as substance pesticides have been the focal point of numerous agrarian makers because of their extensive variety of adequacy, yet on the off chance that their period of usability isn't noticed, the presence of harmful buildups in the items, and the well-being of utilization truly imperils the clients.  Aim: This study evaluated the effects of spraying cucumber plants with diazinon and metalaxyl and after transformation cucumbers pickled were measured. Methods and Materials: The amount of residual metalaxyl toxin and the amount of residual diazinon toxin in harvested cucumbers and pickled cucumbers were measured. The residual amount of toxins in the pickled cucumbers was measured to investigate the effect of the preparation procedure. Results: After the 10-day aging period, the results revealed that the residual amount of diazinon toxin in cucumber reached 0.0655 mg/kg. The outcomes showed that the impact of the cycle (pickling cucumbers) causes how much diazinon remaining toxic substance in the salted cucumber item to diminish as far as mg of toxic substance per kilogram of cucumber. Cucumbers can be harvested prior to the aging period without worrying about the expiration of the toxic effect period and used to prepare pickled cucumbers because the pasteurized pickled cucumber conversion process reduces the residual diazinon in the cucumbers. Conclusion: Accordingly, it tends to be inferred that the utilization of change cycles, for example, transforming cucumbers into pickles causes the number of toxins and pesticides utilized for rural items can be diminished by utilizing this interaction. This issue is not supported by the metalaxyl toxin research. Solvent extraction was used to extract pesticides from the samples, and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to measure them.                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        18 - Investigating the by-products of diazinon removal by using combined ultrasonic method and magnetic Nano catalyst N-TiO2@SiO2@Fe3O4
        sead mojtaba hoseini Mehrdad cheraghi saeed Jameh bozorgi Ali shahryari Maryam kiani sadr
        Today, the excessive using of chemical fertilizers and poisons to produce more crops in all parts of the world is considered a major environmental and health challenge. Diazinon turns into dangerous compounds under certain conditions, especially when the hydrocarbon sol More
        Today, the excessive using of chemical fertilizers and poisons to produce more crops in all parts of the world is considered a major environmental and health challenge. Diazinon turns into dangerous compounds under certain conditions, especially when the hydrocarbon solvent contains a small amount of 1-2% water and is exposed to heat, light and air. This study was conducted with the aim of synthesizing N-TiO2@SiO2@Fe3O4 nanocomposite as a catalyst with ultra-sonication in the presence of visible light to measuring by products resulting from the molecular synthesis of diazinon from aqueous solutions. Nano catalyst was synthesized by co-precipitation and sol-gel method. In this study, the by-products produced due to the removal of diazinon poison were investigated with GC-MS method. The resulting of spectrum was matched by library search at NIST. The results of the spectra obtained from this research showed that did not match with the spectra obtained from the molecular breakdown of diazinon and no by products were produced. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        19 - The effects of organophosphorous pesticide diazinon on behavior and some hematological parameters of fry rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
        rezvanolah kazemi
        Abstract[1] This study was conducted to evaluate diazinon pesticide impact on some hematological indices in rainbow trout fry in Dr. Keyvan,s Research Center for Fisheries Sciences & Marine Technology (Islamic Azad University, Lahijan branch, Chamkhale port). Durin More
        Abstract[1] This study was conducted to evaluate diazinon pesticide impact on some hematological indices in rainbow trout fry in Dr. Keyvan,s Research Center for Fisheries Sciences & Marine Technology (Islamic Azad University, Lahijan branch, Chamkhale port). During one week 120 pieces rainbow trout fry were exposed to three different consentration of Diazinon including 25, 50 and 75 percent of its LC50 (LC50=1.65 mg/lit) in 3 experimental groups and one blank group (by three times replicates) by O.E.C.D method. Exposed fry fishes showed some signs including neural paralysis, imbalance, abnormal swimming, severe impatience and paleness. The result showed that the number of leukocytes, erythrocytes, haematocrit and hemoglobin significantly decreased (P<0.05), but the amount of MCV and MCH increased significantly by 50% and decreased again, lymphocyte increased significantly by 50% and then increased by 75%. Resulted changes in erythrocyte & leukocytes after exposing with diazinon is due to malfunction in hemopoiesis and decrease in non-specific immune system.   *- Corresponding Authors; rezkazemi2000@yahoo.com Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        20 - Survey of Diazinon and Chlorpyrifos Pesticide Residues in the Corp of Apple (Red Delicious Variety) of Miyandoab’s Springhouses by Using HPLC-PDA
        H. Shahyan H. Sheikhloie
        In this research to investigate the probable contamination of the apple tree to pesticides that is used by farmers in Miandoab, the residues of Diazinon and Chlorpirifos were investigated in this crop. First, the sampling is carried out by using the simple random sampli More
        In this research to investigate the probable contamination of the apple tree to pesticides that is used by farmers in Miandoab, the residues of Diazinon and Chlorpirifos were investigated in this crop. First, the sampling is carried out by using the simple random sampling method and then, after Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) through High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), the residues of Diazinon and chlorpirifos were measured. So that, the pesticides residues in apples that were washed with skin, without skin and, in peeled apples were measured 0.08, 0.31, 0.68 ppm for Diazinon and 0.24, 0.54, 0.98 ppm for Chlorpirifos, respectively. Comparison of the statistical results with global standards reveals that the residues of Diazinon in Apples with the skin, and the residues of Chlorpirifos in three modes: Unwashed with the skin, washed with the skin and peeled is more than global standards (Diazinon 0.5 ppm and Chlorpirifos 0.01 ppm) Therefore, it is required that the authorities and farmers of this region pay special attention to residues and the time of applying pesticides; thereby, they can prevent endangering health society. Manuscript profile
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        21 - Evaluation of organophosphorus pesticide Diazinon residue in greenhouse crops using spectrophotometry (Case Study: Mushroom)
        سهیل Sobhanardakani سیمین دخت Sadri سعید Jameh Bozorgi
        Pesticides are among the chief sources of environmental pollutants that have impacts on living creatures and humans health. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the concentration of organophosphorus pesticide Diazinon residues in mushroom using Spectrophotometry. A More
        Pesticides are among the chief sources of environmental pollutants that have impacts on living creatures and humans health. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the concentration of organophosphorus pesticide Diazinon residues in mushroom using Spectrophotometry. A total number of 10 mushroom samples was collected from the active greenhouses around Hamedan city as well as commercial brands that present their products in Hamedan retails. The samples were prepared and Diazinon residue in samples was read by Spectrophotometer in 3 replicates. Mean value of Diazinon concentration in different commercial brands was estimated at 0.126, 0.125, 0.166, 0.040, 0.130, 0.081, 0.129, 0.132, 0.128 and 0.129 mg/kg that were above the Europe Union Maximum Residue Limit (MRL). Moreover, the comparison of results achieved from the different samples show significant different between greenhouses of 3, 4 and 6 (p>0/05). It was concluded that training of farmers to use appropriate amounts of pesticides would guaranty the safety and health of consumers of agriculture products. Manuscript profile
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        22 - Study effects sublethal concentration of diazinon on testis, brain and heart of Rutilus frisii kutum (Kamensky, 1901) male brood stocks
        مجید Mohammad Nejad Shamoushaki مهدی Soltani عیسی Sharifpour M.R Imanpoor اکبر Baharlouei M.E Naieme
        In this study the effects of toxic pesticides, Diazinon (60% emulsion) on the some tissues of (Rutilus frisii kutum, Kamensky, 1901) male brood stocks were studied. The test were studied under static water quality conditions at 15 °C ± 2 ºC in winter and More
        In this study the effects of toxic pesticides, Diazinon (60% emulsion) on the some tissues of (Rutilus frisii kutum, Kamensky, 1901) male brood stocks were studied. The test were studied under static water quality conditions at 15 °C ± 2 ºC in winter and spring 2009. The effective physical and chemical parameters of water were pH= 7-8.2, dh= 300 mg/L (caco3), DO= 7 ppm and T= 15 °C±2 ºC. LC50 96h pesticide Diazinon on the first 0.4 mg/L was determined and then fish were exposed by the toxin with 3 concentrations, MAC value, LC1, LC5, and a control with three replicates for 45 days. Pathology results showed toxin diazinon no effect on average weight and fish body length, the average weight of heart and brain but caueses decrease of gonad weigth and gonad index and also, cause complications of atrophy, fibrosis and necrosis in testis , vascular congestion, increased distance between the myocardium and fibrous string in heart and neuronal loss, vascular congestion and edema in the brain of kutum male brood stocks. Manuscript profile
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        23 - تأثیر بنتونیت سدیم بر فراسنجه‌های خونی، قابلیت هضم خوراک و فراسنجه‌های تخمیری شکمبه گوسفندان نر بلوچی تغذیه شده با جیره آلوده به دیازینون
        م.ه. اعظمی ع.م. طهماسبی و. فروهر ع.ع. ناصریان
        به علت استفاده بیش از حد آفت‌کش­ها به منظور تأمین تقاضای بالای خوراک، بقایای آنها در خوراک دام­ها زیاد شده است. یافتن راهبردی جدید جهت کاهش آثار مضر آفت‌کش­ها کاملاً ضروری به نظر می­رسد. بنابراین وارسی آثار بنتونیت سدیم بر فراسنجه­های خونی، قابلیت هض More
        به علت استفاده بیش از حد آفت‌کش­ها به منظور تأمین تقاضای بالای خوراک، بقایای آنها در خوراک دام­ها زیاد شده است. یافتن راهبردی جدید جهت کاهش آثار مضر آفت‌کش­ها کاملاً ضروری به نظر می­رسد. بنابراین وارسی آثار بنتونیت سدیم بر فراسنجه­های خونی، قابلیت هضم خوراک و فراسنجه­های تخمیری شکمبه در گوسفندان تغذیه شده با خوراک آلوده به دیازینون (آفت‌کش ارگانوفسفره) هدف این مطالعه بود. 8 گوسفند نر بلوچی (2±40 کیلوگرم) به یک طرح آزمایشی فاکتوریل 2 × 2 با چهار دوره 21 روزه، اختصاص داده شدند. تیمارها شامل: جیره شاهد، جیره شاهد به همراه 4 درصد بنتونیت سدیم، جیره شاهد به همراه 21 ppm آفت‌کش دیازینون و جیره شاهد به همراه 4 درصد بنتونیت سدیم و 21 ppm آفت‌کش دیازینون بودند. قابلیت هضم ماده خشک، پروتئین خام، NDF و ADF تحت تأثیر تیمارها قرار نگرفت (05/0‌>‌P). بنتونیت سدیم نوسانات اسیدیته شکمبه را پس از مصرف خوراک کاهش داد. سطح نیتروژن آمونیاکی شکمبه تیمارهای مختلف قبل از خوراک‌دهی مشابه بود اما 3 و 6 ساعت پس از مصرف خوراک سطح نیتروژن آمونیاکی به طور معنی‌داری در گروهی که خوراک آلوده به دیازینون مصرف کردند بیشتر بود (05/0‌>‌P). هموگلوبین، شمار سلول­های سفید و هماتوکریت تحت تأثیر تیمارهای آزمایشی قرار نگرفتند اما شمار گلبول­های قرمز و فعالیت آنزیم استیل کولین استراز به طور معنی‌داری در جیره­های حاوی آفت‌کش کاسته شد (05/0‌>‌P). نتایج مطالعه حاضر نشان داد که استفاده از سدیم بنتونیت به عنوان یک جاذب برای کاهش اثرات منفی دیازینون بر نوسانات اسیدیته و فعالیت آنزیم استیل کولین استراز مؤثر است. علاوه بر این اثری بر هموگلوبین، شمار گلبول­های سفید، هماتوکریت و قابلیت هضم مواد مغذی خوراک ندارد. بنابراین بنتونیت سدیم می­تواند به عنوان یک جاذب مؤثر دیازینون در جیره گوسفندان استفاده شود. Manuscript profile
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        24 - تأثیرات جاذب‌های مختلف سموم بر میزان دیازینون باقیمانده در تفاله انگور سفید، تولید و ترکیب شیر و بقایای سم در بزهای شیرده مهابادی
        ب. پور‌محمود ر. پیرمحمدی ح. خلیل‌وندی بهروزیار
        امروزه تحقیقات نشان می‏دهد که بهترین و در عین ‌حال باصرفه‌ترین شیوه کاهش بروز اختلالات مربوط به سموم دفع آفات و یا جلوگیری از انتقال این سموم به شیر و سایر فرآورده‏های دامی، استفاده از مواد جاذب و یا مواد باند‌کننده است. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی تأثیرگذاری جاذب&r More
        امروزه تحقیقات نشان می‏دهد که بهترین و در عین ‌حال باصرفه‌ترین شیوه کاهش بروز اختلالات مربوط به سموم دفع آفات و یا جلوگیری از انتقال این سموم به شیر و سایر فرآورده‏های دامی، استفاده از مواد جاذب و یا مواد باند‌کننده است. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی تأثیرگذاری جاذب‏های مختلف سموم (مایکوفیکس پلاس-بیوتوکس-بیو‏اسید) بر میزان سم دیازینون باقی‌مانده در تفاله انگور و اثرات آنها بر تولید و ترکیب شیر و بقایای سم در شیر انجام گرفت. در این مطالعه از 20 رأس بز شیرده نژاد مهابادی با 4 تیمار آزمایشی و 5 تکرار در قالب طرح آماری کاملاً تصادفی استفاده شد. میزان تولید شیر به ‌صورت معنی‌داری تحت تأثیر جاذب‏های بیوتوکس و مایکوفیکس پلاس قرار گرفت (05/0P<). جاذب‏ها نقش مثبت و معنی‏داری در کاهش سم دیازینون خوراک داشتند (05/0P<). در عین‌ حال جاذب بیوتوکس در جیره‏های غذایی با سطوح بالای تفاله انگور بیشترین کاهش سم دیازینون را داشت. میزان سم دیازینون انتقال‌یافته به شیر تحت تأثیر تیمار بیوتوکس و بیو‏اسید کاهش معنی‏داری داشت (05/0P<) و کمتر از استاندارد بین‌المللی باقی‌مانده دیازینون در شیر بود.به ‌طورکلی نتایج نشان داد که ترکیبات جاذب سموم در جیره‏های دارای سطوح بالای تفاله انگور مقادیر سم دیازینون را کاهش داده و علاوه بر تضمین سلامتی و افزایش کارایی تولید شیر، سبب تولید محصول سالم‏تری می‏گردد. در این تحقیق بیشترین تأثیر در کاهش دیازینون باقیمانده در شیر در جاذب بیوتوکس و بیواسید بود. Manuscript profile
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        25 - Fabrication of choline oxidase enzyme-based nanobiosensor for the detection of diazinon and comparing its performance with the high performance liquid chromatography
        اقدس بنائی ناهید پارسافر جلیل بدراقی
        Organophosphorus compounds enter the environment naturally or after human use as pesticides or chemical fertilizers, and ultimately enter the food chain of organisms. Due to their undesirable effects, it is absolutely necessary to detect these toxins at very low concent More
        Organophosphorus compounds enter the environment naturally or after human use as pesticides or chemical fertilizers, and ultimately enter the food chain of organisms. Due to their undesirable effects, it is absolutely necessary to detect these toxins at very low concentrations before they enter the life cycle. Biosensors are suitable tools for detecting these toxins. In this study, a mono-enzyme biosensor based on inhibiting the cholineoxidase enzyme with its immobilization on a modified electrode with carboxylate carbon nanotubes was fabricated and in the presence of 1mM enzyme substrate )choline chloride(, the minimum detection limit for diazinon was obtained (0.56 μM( and two linear ranges (1.5- 2.4 μM and 5.5-17.5 μM( was observed. The detection of low concentrations of diazinon by this biosensor and high performance liquid chromatography )HPLC( were compared. The result of the biosensor had 3.5% error relative to HPLC Manuscript profile
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        26 - Effect of Silymarin extract on immune system of Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss ) challenged by diazinon
        K. Ahmadi A. Matinfar A. R. Mirvaghefei B. Ataeimehr M. Banaee
        To date, discharge of agriculture pesticides into surface water is one of the biggest environment problems that can threaten the aquatic life. Impact of pollutants on the fish immune system can result in sensitivity and becoming vulnerable to pathogens. Diazinon, one or More
        To date, discharge of agriculture pesticides into surface water is one of the biggest environment problems that can threaten the aquatic life. Impact of pollutants on the fish immune system can result in sensitivity and becoming vulnerable to pathogens. Diazinon, one organophosphate pesticides that used in many agriculture areas of Iran, is found in surface water. The purpose of this study was to evaluate effects of diazinon on fish immune system and use of Milk thistle plant extract, Silybum mariamum, in to reducing adverse effects of this toxin on the immune system of rainbow trout. Significantly reduced plasma levels of peroxidase, IgM, total complement, lysozyme of fish that had been exposed to diazinon have well illustrated the impact of diazinon on immune system in long periods. While, no significant change was observed in the fish nourished by complementary diet and challenged by toxin compared with control fish group that indicated this protective and amplified effect of silymarin on immune system of rainbow trout. Manuscript profile
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        27 - Homogeneous Liquid-Liquid Microextraction via Flotation Assistance Method as a Sensitive and Efficient Sample Preparation Method for Determination of Diazinon in Water Samples
        Hossein Ali Mashayekhi
        10.22034/jchr.2016.544158
        Manuscript profile
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        28 - The Effect of Rosa Damascena Extract on Diazinon Toxicity in Mice
        Oveys Pourmahdi Tohid Moradi Gardeshi Ali Amirkhani Majid Gholami-Ahangaran
        10.22034/jchr.2021.1941985.1422
        Manuscript profile
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        29 - The Effects of Diazinon on the Development of Balb/C Mice Embryos in 3th to 6th Days of Pregnancy
        S. Rastgar Gharahshiran P. Torabzadeh S. Saffari
        Diazinon is one of agricultural pesticides and organophosphate pesticide, because the chemical structure and the effects have been devastating on nervous, respiratory and digestive systems in recent years there have been studied. But it is effects on the embryo especial More
        Diazinon is one of agricultural pesticides and organophosphate pesticide, because the chemical structure and the effects have been devastating on nervous, respiratory and digestive systems in recent years there have been studied. But it is effects on the embryo especially during pregnancy have not been reviewed. Therefore in study The Biological effects of pesticide diazinon on the development of Balb/C Mouse Embryos Third to Sixth Days of pregnancy. In this study 90 female Balb/C mice were randomly divided into 6 equal groups acontrol group (non- injection) and sham (injection of saline) and 4 experimental groups. The lethal dose LD50 was determined in condition of 11.09 ml/kg.bw in vivo and selected dose for injection 0.4 ml/kg.bw. Injection was done on mouse embryos 3Th to 6Th days of pregnancy by enema. Then the mouse were sacrificed on day 15 of pregnancy.For security of results above experiences was repeated three times. Data was checked with SPSS17 software and Duncan test subjest to (P Manuscript profile
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        30 - The Protective Effects ofSalvia officinalisExtractonthe PancreaticTissueofRatsPoisonedbyDiazinon
        اسماعیل فتاحی آنا خشکفا
        Diazinon is organophosphates that causes inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and induceofoxidative stress intheorganismThisstudy was done todeterminethe effects ofSalvia officinalisextractonpancreatictissueinratspoisonedbydiazinon.This experimental study, 35 adult male r More
        Diazinon is organophosphates that causes inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and induceofoxidative stress intheorganismThisstudy was done todeterminethe effects ofSalvia officinalisextractonpancreatictissueinratspoisonedbydiazinon.This experimental study, 35 adult male rats were divided into three equal groups;control, Diazinon(DZN), Diazinon-extractAnimals in experimental groups,were received anintraperitoneal injection of 200 mg/kg DZNfor one time and extractat dose of 100 mg / kg for four weeks(five days per week).Rats were sacrificed24 h after latest injection. Pancreatictissuesections were provided to microscopic studies.  Data were analyzed using of one-way ANOVA.Number and diameter ofIslets of Langerhans and Blood vesselsand number of acini cells in the DZN group sig­nificantly decreasedcompared to the control(pSalvia officinalisextracthaveprotective effect on pancreatic. Manuscript profile
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        31 - The Effectof Diazinon on Blood Factors of RainbowTrout (Oncorhynchus mykiss ر
        محمد نوریان هومن شجیعی مجید محمدنژاد شموشکی
        Pesticidediazinon (60 percent of the commercial emulsion) including pesticides are widely used in agricultural areas.In many cases the use of these toxins can cause severe side effects in organisms such as fish,diazinon is also an organic phosphorus pesticides, In recen More
        Pesticidediazinon (60 percent of the commercial emulsion) including pesticides are widely used in agricultural areas.In many cases the use of these toxins can cause severe side effects in organisms such as fish,diazinon is also an organic phosphorus pesticides, In recent years, concerns about the health effects of this compound on fish increased.In this study, the influence of 0.07, 0.08, 0.1, 0.13 and 0.16 mg of DZ on blood factors rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), has been investigated.a significantincrease in the number of white blood cells and neutrophils (p ر Manuscript profile
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        32 - Evaluation of the Protective Effect of Chrysin on Sperm Parameters on the Process of Spermatogenesis in Rats Receiving Diazinon Toxin
        Fatemeh Mojibi Gholam Ali Jorsaraei Esmail Fattahi Sohrab Kazemi Maryam Gholami tabar tabari
        10.22034/ascij.2022.1963232.1401
        Compounds such as chrysin inhibit the effects of toxic substances such as diazinon on visceral organs and the present study was performed to evaluate the protective effect of chrysin on spermatogenesis by interfering with diazinon toxin. In this experimental study, 42 m More
        Compounds such as chrysin inhibit the effects of toxic substances such as diazinon on visceral organs and the present study was performed to evaluate the protective effect of chrysin on spermatogenesis by interfering with diazinon toxin. In this experimental study, 42 male Wistar rats weighing approximately 250-180 g were selected and randomly divided into 7 groups including control, sham, diazinon with a concentration of 20 mg/kg BW, chrysin with a concentration of 10, Chrysin with a concentration of 20 mg/kg, chrysin with a concentration of 10 mg/kg and diazinon with a concentration of 20 mg/kg and chrysin with a concentration of 20 mg/kg and diazinon with a concentration of 20 mg/kg were divided. At the end of the treatment period, with the process of tissue preparation, with Motic software, the number of cell lines per unit area was determined and compared with each other in different groups. There was a significant difference between the mean number of sperm count and sperm motility in the Sham and Control groups with Diazinon and DC10 groups (p < 0.001), and DC20 groups (p < 0.01). Also, there was a significant difference in sperm mortality in Shm and Cnt groups with Diazinon, DC10 and DC20 test groups (p < 0.001). The results showed that there was a significant difference in the mean number of sperm count, sperm motility, sperm mortality, sperm morphology, number of Leydig cells, number of germ cells, number of primary and secondary spermatocytes, and number of spermatids in Sham and Control groups compared to some test groups. Thus, CHR as a potent antioxidant can compensate for the toxicity of Diazinon toxin.   . Manuscript profile
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        33 - Protective Effect of Coenzyme Q10 on Rat Sperm and Testicular Tissue after Exposure to Diazinon
        Sima Ebadi Naftchali Ramezan Khanbabaei Abasali Dehpour Jouybari Roya Bishekolaei Esmaeil Fattahi
        10.22034/ascij.2023.1991460.1512
        Diazinon (DZN) is an organophosphate insecticide that causes a wide range of pathological effects on the male reproductive system, disturbances in sperm production and quality, and fertility problems. This study investigated the protective effect of coenzyme Q10 treatme More
        Diazinon (DZN) is an organophosphate insecticide that causes a wide range of pathological effects on the male reproductive system, disturbances in sperm production and quality, and fertility problems. This study investigated the protective effect of coenzyme Q10 treatment on sperm quality, oxidant/antioxidant system, and histopathology of testicular tissue in male rats after exposure to diazinon. This experimental study was carried out on 16 adult male Wistar albino rats with an approximate weight of 150 to 230 gr, which were obtained from the animal care center.The animals were randomly divided into four groups (n=4) and were tested by intraperitoneal injection for 30 days which including the diazinon exposure group (50 mg/kg of diazinon dissolved in sesame oil intraperitoneally injected), the coenzyme Q10 and diazinon exposure group (50 mg/kg of diazinon and 10 mg/kg of coenzyme Q10 dissolved in sesame oil intraperitoneally injected), group of coenzyme Q10 (10 mg/kg of coenzyme Q10 dissolved in sesame oil intraperitoneally injected), and the control group (1.5 mg/kg of sesame oil intraperitoneally injected). After treating coenzyme Q10 with diazinon, a significant increase in the number and motility of sperm and a decrease in sperm mortality were observed (P<0/05). Exposure to diazinon with coenzyme Q10 treatment was able to decrease the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and increase the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) compared to the diazinon group (P<0/05). Simultaneous exposure to diazinon and coenzyme Q10 treatment led to a decrease in testicular histopathological damage after exposure to diazinon. It seems that coenzyme Q10 can have a good protective effect against oxidative damage in the male reproductive system caused by exposure to diazinon. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        34 - The Study of the Effects of Diazinon on Histomorphometrical Changes of Hippocampus in the Balb/c Mouse Embryo
        Mahsa Momayez Haghighi Shiva Nasiraei moghadam Mehrangiz Sadoughi
        Diazinon is an organophosphorus pesticide that is broadly used in agriculture. This toxic material is absorbed via inhalation, skin contact, or digestion and affects different tissues. The goal of this study was therefore to evaluate the diazinon effect on histomorphome More
        Diazinon is an organophosphorus pesticide that is broadly used in agriculture. This toxic material is absorbed via inhalation, skin contact, or digestion and affects different tissues. The goal of this study was therefore to evaluate the diazinon effect on histomorphometrical changes of hippocampus in the small laboratory Balb/c mouse embryo. Twenty-five adult laboratory female Balb/c mice were equally divided into five groups of 5. The control group received no diazinon. The sham A and B groups received emulsifier at doses of 0/52 and 5.2 microliter in volume unit (5000cm3 in desiccator), respectively, and the experimental groups A and B received inhaled diazinon at doses of 1/3 and 13 microliter in the volume unit, respectively from day 7 until 18 of gestation every other day. The mice were killed on gestation day 18 and the embryos were removed from the animal's body and examined in terms of the appearance. After the embryos were fixed and processed, the 5-micrometer sections were stained using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) technique and the histomorphometric changes of the hippocampus were investigated. The mean thickness of various hippocampus layers of CA1, CA2, and CA3 decreased in experimental groups A and B. The mean number of cells count in different layers of hippocampus and dentate gyrus increased in experimental groups A and B. Diazinon inhalation at high doses (13 microliters in volume unit) seems to be able to cause histological changes in the evolution process of hippocampus in pregnant mice. Manuscript profile
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        35 - The Teratogenic Effects Pesticide of Diazinon On the development of Balb/C Mouse Embryos 3Th to 6Th Days Of Pregnancy
        safoora saffari Parvin Torabzadeh Saba Rastgar Gharahshiran
        Introduction:Diazinon is one of agricultural pesticides and organophosphate pesticide, Because the chemical structure and the effects have been devastating on nervous, respiratory and digestive systems in recent years there have been studied. But It is effects on the em More
        Introduction:Diazinon is one of agricultural pesticides and organophosphate pesticide, Because the chemical structure and the effects have been devastating on nervous, respiratory and digestive systems in recent years there have been studied. But It is effects on the embryo especially during pregnancy has not been reviewed.Therefore in study the teratogenic effects pesticide of Diazinon on the development of Balb/C mouse embryos 3Th to 6Th days of pregnancy.Material and Method:In this study 50 female Balb/C mice were randomly divided into 6 equal groups acontrol group(non-injection:5mice) and witess(injection of saline:5mice) and 4 experimental groups(each group: 10 mice).A lethaldose LD50 was determined in condition of 11.09 ml/kg.bw in vivo and selected dose for injection 0.4 ml/kg.bw.Injection was done on the 3Th to 6Th days of pregnancy by enema Then the mouse were sacrificed on day 15 of pregnancy.For security of results above experiences was repeated three times.Data was checked with SPSS17 software and Duncan test subjest to (P Manuscript profile

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