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Open Access Article
1 - Photodegradation of Insecticide Chlorpyrifos in Aqueous Solution under Simulated Solar Light Irradiation Conditions using Babolrood River Water
Seyed-Ali Sobhanian Abbas Ahmadi Babak Nahri-Niknafs -
Open Access Article
2 - Deltamethrin and Chloropyrifosresidue determination on greenhouse tomato in Karaj by Solid Phase Extraction
Shahrzad Mohammadi Sohrab ImaniConsidering the abundant application of pesticides, the subject of pesticides and their exceeded residues on harvested crops is important issue in agriculture. For this purpose, comprehensive and several studies on agricultural products should be done to prevent of ente MoreConsidering the abundant application of pesticides, the subject of pesticides and their exceeded residues on harvested crops is important issue in agriculture. For this purpose, comprehensive and several studies on agricultural products should be done to prevent of entering of contaminated samples in using cycle. In this study, among 29 fruits and vegetable markets in Karaj, 10 of them in different parts of the city were considered, and 25 samples were randomly prepared for each specimen, weighing 2 kg. Samples in laboratory were extracted by using Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) and with the help of N method were concentrated and extracts were injected into High Performance Liquid Chromatograph (HPLC), Gas Chromatograph (GC/NPD), GC/Mass Spectrometer (GC/MS) devices for measuring the residue. Obtained data were compared with WHO/FAO and national Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) codex by T-test.The results showed that for chlorpyrifor 6 and 20 numbers (24 and 80%) of samples based on WHO/FAO and MRL codex respective, and for deltamethrin 14 numbers (56%) of samples based on WHO/FAO codex have had exceeded contamination of insectides. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Antibody production against Chlorpyrifos Pesticide (first experience in Iran)
Maryam Basirian Sohrab Imani Kambiz LarijaniNowadays use of pesticides is common in agriculture and so many investigations are carried out annually for determination of pesticide residue in crops with gas and liquid chromatography. But these methods are expensive and time consuming. Developing new methods o MoreNowadays use of pesticides is common in agriculture and so many investigations are carried out annually for determination of pesticide residue in crops with gas and liquid chromatography. But these methods are expensive and time consuming. Developing new methods of immunoassays like ELISA is interesting for many researchers. In this research, an evaluation of production of antibody against chlropyrifos was done. Pesticide was broken, then conjucation was made with protein BSA and a rabbit got immunized by injection. Then after different intervals the blood was collected and titer was determined with ELISA reader showing a great difference with the reference. This method is cheap, easy and more sensitive as compared to chromatography. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Effects of chlorpyrifos and abamectin on survival and fecundity of the adult Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
V. Mostafaloo A. Afshari M. Yazdanian M. H. SarailooCryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant is the most important predator of the mealybugs in citrus orchards of northern Iran. In this study, the lethal and sublethal effects of different doses of chlorpyrifos+oil, abamectin, and chlorpyrifos+abamectin+oil on the adult ladybeet MoreCryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant is the most important predator of the mealybugs in citrus orchards of northern Iran. In this study, the lethal and sublethal effects of different doses of chlorpyrifos+oil, abamectin, and chlorpyrifos+abamectin+oil on the adult ladybeetles were investigated under laboratory conditions. Each pesticide was applied at 25, 50 and 100% recommended field application rates (i.e. chlorpyrifos at 500, 1000 and 2000 ppm and abamectin at 50, 100 and 200 ppm concentrations) with 1% oil on 7-day old female ladybirds through three exposure methods, including topical direct contact, residual contact and feeding on sprayed preys. 24, 48, and 72 hours after treatment the parameters such as survival rate, mean of daily oviposition, and hatching percent of the eggs were measured. The results showed that chlorpyrifos+abamectin+ oil affected the survival rates through all three exposure methods, whereas chlorpyrifos effect on the survival rate was only observed in topical contact, and abamectin had no adverse effect on the adult survival. Among all treatments, chlorpyrifos 2000+abamectin 200 ppm had the highest adverse effect on female ladybird survival (with 16 percent mortality). In contrast to survival rate, mean daily oviposition, and egg hatching percent were significantly reduced in all three treatments and exposure methods, and this reduction continued until 72 hours after exposure. The lowest mean of daily oviposition (8.2 eggs per female) was observed 24 hours after feeding on preys treated with chlorpyrifos 2000 ppm+ abamectin 200 ppm+oil, and the lowest egg hatching rate (57.9 percent) was recorded 24 hours after topical contact with the same treatment. In conclusion, using field rates of chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos+abamectin with oil adversely affect survival and fecundity of the ladybird. So, it is necessary to use of pesticide in suitable time and spraying to increase compatibility between pesticide application and ladybird activity, in citrus orchards. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Green Synthesis of Biocompatible Nanocomposite Containing Iron Oxide Using the Extract of the Artemisia Plant and Its Application in the Removal of Organophosphorus Toxins from Agricultural Waters
Roya Behrooz Nahid Rastakhiz Dadkhoda Ghazanfari Enayatollah Sheikhhosseini Sayed Ali AhmadiToday, the widespread use of organophosphorus insecticides such as chlorpyrifos in agriculture has caused serious environmental problems, and it seems necessary to provide a solution to eliminating these substances. Iron oxide nanoparticles are one of the types of nanop MoreToday, the widespread use of organophosphorus insecticides such as chlorpyrifos in agriculture has caused serious environmental problems, and it seems necessary to provide a solution to eliminating these substances. Iron oxide nanoparticles are one of the types of nanoparticles that are widely used in the environment due to their good magnetic properties and ability to absorb pollutants. Nanoparticles are prepared in different ways. Recently, the use of green synthesis methods of nanoparticles using plant extracts has attracted the attention of researchers due to its compatibility with the environment. In this research project, the green synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles in the matrix of polylactic acid nanofibers was prepared with the plant extract of Artemisia as an effective and cheap super absorbent for agricultural water treatment. Then, the effect of this adsorbent in the removal of chlorpyrifos poison and the effect of variables affecting absorption such as contact time, amount of adsorbent, temperature and pH in this process were investigated. Analysis of the structure of the composition showed that iron oxide nanoparticles are well stabilized in polylactic acid nanofibers and the average size of nanoparticles is 29 nanometers. Also, the results of the absorption test by nano adsorbent showed that the maximum amount of absorption to remove chlorpyrifos is done at pH=7 and with an amount of 0.7 grams of adsorbent, and the prepared adsorbent can be reused after 5 times of recycling. Therefore, it can be concluded that due to the presence of iron oxide nanoparticles, the nanocomposite made can increase the absorption capacity of agricultural toxins. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Survey of Diazinon and Chlorpyrifos Pesticide Residues in the Corp of Apple (Red Delicious Variety) of Miyandoab’s Springhouses by Using HPLC-PDA
H. Shahyan H. SheikhloieIn this research to investigate the probable contamination of the apple tree to pesticides that is used by farmers in Miandoab, the residues of Diazinon and Chlorpirifos were investigated in this crop. First, the sampling is carried out by using the simple random sampli MoreIn this research to investigate the probable contamination of the apple tree to pesticides that is used by farmers in Miandoab, the residues of Diazinon and Chlorpirifos were investigated in this crop. First, the sampling is carried out by using the simple random sampling method and then, after Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) through High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), the residues of Diazinon and chlorpirifos were measured. So that, the pesticides residues in apples that were washed with skin, without skin and, in peeled apples were measured 0.08, 0.31, 0.68 ppm for Diazinon and 0.24, 0.54, 0.98 ppm for Chlorpirifos, respectively. Comparison of the statistical results with global standards reveals that the residues of Diazinon in Apples with the skin, and the residues of Chlorpirifos in three modes: Unwashed with the skin, washed with the skin and peeled is more than global standards (Diazinon 0.5 ppm and Chlorpirifos 0.01 ppm) Therefore, it is required that the authorities and farmers of this region pay special attention to residues and the time of applying pesticides; thereby, they can prevent endangering health society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Preparation of Magnetite Nanocomposites based on Azolla Filiculoides fern with Environmental Applications for Organic Pollutants
Reyhaneh Kouchakinejad Shahab Shariati Jafar Abolhasani Ebrahim Ghorbani-Kalhor Mohammad Taghi VardiniAzolla Filiculoides fern was utilized as a natural adsorbent to develop a magnetic solid phase extraction method for the preconcentration and determination of trace amounts of chlorpyrifos pesticide, which is a primary environmental concern. In this study, the magnetic MoreAzolla Filiculoides fern was utilized as a natural adsorbent to develop a magnetic solid phase extraction method for the preconcentration and determination of trace amounts of chlorpyrifos pesticide, which is a primary environmental concern. In this study, the magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) method using magnetite-modified azolla nanocomposites (azolla@Fe3O4 NCs) was developed to preconcentrate trace amounts of chlorpyrifos pesticide prior to UV-Vis spectroscopy. The structural characteristics of the synthesized nanocomposites (NCs) were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) methods. In the proposed MSPE method, after optimizing the adsorption/desorption variables in MSPE and obtaining the optimum level of each variable (adsorption step: Vsample = 50 mL, contact time = 15 min, solution pH = 3, adsorbent mass = 0.05 g, ionic strength = 0.01 mol L-1; desorption step: eluent type and volume = ethanol (2 mL) for 10 min), the desorbed ethanolic solution was spectrophotometrically investigated in the UV-Vis region. The results confirm the developed MSPE method can be used for the preconcentration and determination of trace amounts of chlorpyrifos in the aqueous samples. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - The effects of pesticides on microbial population of saline soils using culture-dependent and next generation sequencing methods
Safoura Hashemi joker Mahmoud Shavandi Azam Haddadi Ebrahim AlaieBackground & Objectives: Despite of widely use of pesticides in agricultural industry, their ecotoxicological impacts on the environment are not still well understood. In the present study, the effects of chlorpyrifos and deltamethrin pesticides on soil microbial di MoreBackground & Objectives: Despite of widely use of pesticides in agricultural industry, their ecotoxicological impacts on the environment are not still well understood. In the present study, the effects of chlorpyrifos and deltamethrin pesticides on soil microbial diversity in different salinities were investigated.Materials and methods: Four soil samples with various salinities (0, 1%, 2% and 4%) were contaminated with 200 mg/kg of chlorpyrifos and deltamethrin. Then, the effects of these compounds were investigated by culture-dependent and Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) methods. The dominant bacterial strains were isolated and compared with the results of the NGS method.Results: Remarkable groups of active soil species were destroyed. The main groups at the phylum level were, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria. Examination of the pattern of operational taxonomic unit (OTU) showed that the lowest abundance belonged to the group of soil samples contaminated with chlorpyrifos and the highest abundance belonged to the non-contaminated sample. Alpha diversity analysis revealed that the highest number of strains was observed in non-saline and uncontaminated soil microcosms, and the lowest number of strains was observed in the presence of deltamethrin (1% salinity) and chlorpyrifos (0% salinity).Conclusion: The results indicated that soil salinity had significant impact on the resistance of soil microorganisms to the chlorpyrifos and deltamethrin. Every soil samples will have its own microbial composition based on its physicochemical conditions under the influence of pesticide contamination. By comparison of microbial composition by culture-dependent and molecular-based methods, almost similar findings were obtained. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - The Teratogenic Effects Pesticide of Chlorpyrifos on the Development of BALB/c Mouse Embryos 3Th to 6Th Days of Pregnancy
S. Rastgar Gharahshiran P. Torabzadeh S. SaffariChlorpyrifos is one of organophosphate insecticides and had studied in recent years because it has many complications devastating on skin, nervous, respiratory and digestive systems, but its effects on the embryo especially during pregnancy has not been reviewed. Theref MoreChlorpyrifos is one of organophosphate insecticides and had studied in recent years because it has many complications devastating on skin, nervous, respiratory and digestive systems, but its effects on the embryo especially during pregnancy has not been reviewed. Therefore, in study the teratogenic effects pesticide of Chlorpyrifos on the development of BALB/c mouse embryos 3rd to 6thd of pregnancy. In this study, 50 female BALB/c mouse were randomly divided into 6 equal groups a control group (non-injection: 5 mice) and witness (injection of saline: 5 mice) and 4 experimental groups (each group: 10 mice). A lethal dose LD50 was determined in condition of 25.32 ml/kg.bw in vivo and selected dose for injection 0.4 ml/kg.bw. Injection was done on the 3rd to 6th d of pregnancy days by enema. Then the mouse was sacrificed on day 15 of pregnancy. For security of results above experiences was repeated 2 times. Data were checked with SPSS 17 software by percentage. After a comparative study at this dose has been observed a significant increase, extrahepatic, exencephaly, syndactyly, having a defect in dynamic organs (legs and hands), extensive bleeding in whole body and exophthalmia were compared with control and witness groups.According to the findings, negative effects of Chlorpyrifos use as pesticides in agricultural products. On the mouse embryos, it is recommended to protect the environment and human health, especially pregnant women use of non-chemical methods to control pests. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Determining Chlorpyrifos Residue in Apples Case Study: Damavand orchards
Zahra Haddad nezhad Omid Mohamadalikhan Shahrzad Khoram nejadian -
Open Access Article
11 - The Biological Effects Pesticide of Chlorpyrifos On the development of Balb/C Mouse Embryos Third to Sixth Days Of Pregnancy
safoora saffari Parvin Torabzadeh Saba Rastgar gharahshiranIntroduction: Chlorpyrifos is one of organophosphate Insecticides and had studied in recent years because it has many complications devastating on skin, nervous, respiratory and digestive systems. But It is effects on the embryo especially during pregnancy has not been MoreIntroduction: Chlorpyrifos is one of organophosphate Insecticides and had studied in recent years because it has many complications devastating on skin, nervous, respiratory and digestive systems. But It is effects on the embryo especially during pregnancy has not been reviewed, . Therefore in study The Biological effects pesticide of Chlorpyrifos on the development of Balb/C mouse embryos Third to Sixth days of pregnancy.Material and Method: In this study 90 female Balb/C mouse were randomly divided into 6 equal groups acontrol group (non- injection) and witess (injection of saline) and 4 experimental groups. A lethaldose LD50 was determined in condition of 25/32 ml/kg.bw in vivo and selected dose for injection 0/4 ml/kg.bw. Injection was done on the Third to Sixth days of pregnancy days by enema. Then the mouse were sacrificed on day 15 of pregnancy.For security of results above experiences was repeated three times. Data was checked with SPSS17 software with ANOVA and Duncan test subjest to (P Manuscript profile
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