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Open Access Article
1 - سنجش آفلاتوکسین M1 در شیر خام گاو و مقایسه آن با جیره غذایی و نوع دامداری در شهرستان بابل
علیرض خسروی عیسی غلامپور عزیزی سید جمال هاشمی سید علی اصغر سفیدگر حسن عظیمی مهدی نوروزی -
Open Access Article
2 - مقایسه روش های الایزا و PCR در تشخیص آزمایشگاهی لوکوز گاوی
دکتر حسن ممتاز دکتر محسن خسروی دکتر پوریا قاسمی -
Open Access Article
3 - بررسی کشتارگاهی عفونت پاراتوبرکولوزی در گوسفند و بز در شهرستان اصفهان و مقایسه برخی از روشهای مختلف تشخیصی آن
علی شریف زاده حسن ممتاز فرهید همت زاده هومن سنجابی -
Open Access Article
4 - بررسی میزان شیوع گونه های آفلاتوکسین زای آسپرژیلوس و باقیماندة آفلاتوکسین به روش الایزا در خوراک ماهی قزل آلای رنگین کمان در استان های تهران و آذربایجان غربی
کیوان ابراهیمی محمدی ودود رضویلر -
Open Access Article
5 - بررسی سرمی عفونت متانوموویروس پرندگان در تعدادی از گله های مرغ مادر گوشتی ایران
نریمان شیخی علی مسعودیان -
Open Access Article
6 - Seroprevalence of Sub clinical Form of Hemorrhagic Enteritis in Commercial Meat-type Turkey Flocks of Iran by Elisa
پیام حقیقی خوشخو گیتا اکبری آزاد علی مسعودیانHemorrhagic Enteritis (HE) is a contagious disease in turkeys caused by avian adenovirus typeII which leads to enteric disease and immune suppression and finally decrease flockperformance. This study was carried out to examine HE seroprevalence within some commercialtur MoreHemorrhagic Enteritis (HE) is a contagious disease in turkeys caused by avian adenovirus typeII which leads to enteric disease and immune suppression and finally decrease flockperformance. This study was carried out to examine HE seroprevalence within some commercialturkey flocks by ELISA technique. A total of 420 serum samples were collected from 21 meattypeturkey flocks of 12 provinces of Iran and were examined serologically by ELISA test(Synbiotics ProFlock- HE, USA). Results showed that 76.2% of flocks were positive, 9.5% weresuspect and 14.3% were negative based on Arithmetic mean titers (AMT) and interpretation ofkit. From 420 serum samples, 292 sera (69.5%) were positive, 51 (12.2%) were suspect and 77(18.3%) were negative. There were a significant positive correlation between HE titers withFCR and mortality rate (P<0.05) and significant reverse correlation with average of weight gain(P<0.05). This study indicated that seroprevalence of HE is high in Iranian meat-type turkeyflocks. However more studies are need for isolation and identification of virus in flock. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Pathologic study and time of persistence foot-and-mouth disease in guinea pig organs
ایرج سهرابی حقدوست محمدحسن حبل الورید همایون مهروانی محمد اسلام پناه حسن ایزدیstudy on period of persistence of foot-and-mouth disease virus in different organs in guinea pigs .After adaptation of foot-and-mouth disease viruses type O in 10 guinea pigs pad’s, 30 Animaldivided to 5 groups containing 6 animals in each group so that 5 animals Morestudy on period of persistence of foot-and-mouth disease virus in different organs in guinea pigs .After adaptation of foot-and-mouth disease viruses type O in 10 guinea pigs pad’s, 30 Animaldivided to 5 groups containing 6 animals in each group so that 5 animals inoculated from eachgroup and normal saline injected in a guinea pig as negative control.Euthanized animal in 5 periods including: 2 days post virus generalization٫ 4 days post virusgeneralization ٫14 days post virus generalization٫ 30 days post virus generalization٫ 60 days postvirus generalization. Then collecting samples from: heart٫ lung٫ liver, spleen٫ pancreas٫retropharyngeal lymph node, palntar epithelium, inguinal lymph node and tongue Epithelium, sentto Pathology Department to pathological studies also other of those sent to FMD Department to viraldetection. Pathological samples fixed in formalin then prepared paraffin ،s blocks and slides with5 microns with H&E staining. Viral samples kept in glycerinated buffer and detected the amount ofvirus by Sandwich Elisa according to reference. At least base on our study the maximum of FMDVlesions we observed affected plantar Epithelium٫ Lung٫ Tongue Epithelium and spleen consequentlyand showed that pathologic lesion contained: Intracellular spongiosis, vacuolization and pyknosis ofcells from the spinous layer, Intercellular edema in spinous layer of Epithelium (plantar and Tongue)also Hyperemia and increased size of inter alveolar septa in Lung and decreased in white pulpcompared to uninfected control guinea pig in spleen . In addition results of Elisa determined extremeamount of virus were in 14 days post virus generalization and we have not any evidence of beingvirus in 30 and 60 days post virus generalization. It is concluded that the results of Pathologicalobservations can be confirmed by Elisa detection. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - بررسی فراوانی اسهال روتاویروسی گوساله ها در گاوداری های استان چهارمحال بختیاری
حسن ممتاز جلال شایق فرهید همت زاده -
Open Access Article
9 - Comparison of ELISA test with histopathology in the diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis
Saidi, S. , Safi, S., Mashhadi Rafii, S., Kabir, F.R., Mortazavi, P. .Samples from 25 cats suspected to be affected with feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) (16 cats with the signs of wet FIP and 9 cats with the signs of dry FIP) were collected from 8 clinics in the north-west Tehran from 2013 to 2015 to determine the specificity and sens MoreSamples from 25 cats suspected to be affected with feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) (16 cats with the signs of wet FIP and 9 cats with the signs of dry FIP) were collected from 8 clinics in the north-west Tehran from 2013 to 2015 to determine the specificity and sensitivity of the ELISA test compared to the histopathologic findings as the gold standard. ELISA test were performed on the serum and abdominal cavity samples. Statistical analyses were performed on the obtained data by ROC analysis, Youden index, Mann-Whitney U test using SPSS and R soft wares. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were calculated as 100% in 13 cats with wet FIP and 7 cats with dry FIP. The area under curve (AUC) were calculated as 1, which shows the high diagnostic value of the ELISA test. The cut-off value for the ratio of ODs in the positive cats to the negative cats were determined as 3.375. Considering the acceptable sensitivity and specificity of the studied ELISA kit for the diagnosis of FIP, the kit can be used for the diagnosis of FIP alongside with the other diagnostic tests. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Sero-prevalence of subclinical paratuberculosis (Johne's disease) in dairy farms of Tehran-Iran using absorbed ELISA assay
Heidarnejhad, O., Safi, Sh., Mosavari, N., Keshavarz, R. .Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis causes Johne's disease in ruminants and have been also isolated from humans. Accurate statistical information about the disease prevalence in different regions of Iran is not available. The objective of the present study w MoreMycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis causes Johne's disease in ruminants and have been also isolated from humans. Accurate statistical information about the disease prevalence in different regions of Iran is not available. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of subclinical Johne's disease in dairy cattle herds of Tehran province, Iran. Knowing the disease prevalence and its damages could have an important role to manage the disease in the farms involved. In the present study which was conducted in the years 1391 to 1393, 338 serum and fecal samples from cows older than 18 months, were obtained from 14 dairy farms in Tehran province, Iran. Antibodies against Johne's disease were assayed using PARACHEK2 absorbed ELISA kit (ParaCheck, Prionics AG, Zurich, Switzerland). Fecal culture and Nested-PCR assays were performed to confirm the disease. The prevalence of the disease determined by ELISA and culture were 9.5% (95% CI: 6.66 - 13.23) and 3.6% (95% CI: 1.69 - 7.27), respectively. Furthermore, the herd prevalence of the disease was calculated using culture as 28.6% (95% CI: 9.58- 57.99) and ELISA as 57.14% (95% CI: 29.65- 81.19). To evaluate the diagnostic value of the test, ELISA results were compared to bacterial fecal culture as the gold standard test. According to the obtained results, ELISA can be considered as a suitable screening test for the diagnosis of paratuberculosis due to the convenient sampling, high speed and low price. It is suggested that precise control programs to be performed based on the prevalence of the disease in Tehran province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Designing Dot ELISA kit for detection of Staphylococcus aureus SEA enterotoxin and Sandwich ELISA compare, its validation in pastry cream bread
, SA. Bathaei , H. Ahari , AA AnvarIn this study, detection and recognition of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin was performed by designing a Dot ELISA sensitive kit. In the present study, nitrocellulose membrane (NCM) with 0.22 micron pores was applied as the bed, and 1:500 diluted specific antibody of MoreIn this study, detection and recognition of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin was performed by designing a Dot ELISA sensitive kit. In the present study, nitrocellulose membrane (NCM) with 0.22 micron pores was applied as the bed, and 1:500 diluted specific antibody of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin was coated on the NCM. Next, The HRP-tagged antibody was added with dilution of 1/2000, and the substrate was added gradually and rewashed. In this experiment, the samples were manually contaminated and then compared with the ELISA sandwich method as a gold standard. The kit is capable of detecting 50 ng/ml and higher of toxin A, and if the amount of toxin is less, it will report it negatively. In this test, of which 40 samples were collected and 4 positive cases were reported, it was revealed that about 10% of the collected samples were contaminated. Nowadays, using the Dot ELISA kit as a quick method with relative sensitivity and properties, it is possible to improve the repeatability of detecting Staphylococcus enterotoxin A in creamy candies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - بررسی و بهینه سازی میزان تولید توکسین وبا توسط باکتری ویبریو کلرا در دوره های زمانی مختلف
علی خواستار Majid Jamshidian Mojaver به آفرید قلندری -
Open Access Article
13 - بررسی شیوع سرمی IgG علیه توکسوپلاسما گوندی در طیور شهرستان سمنان، ایران
صادق حسینی مریم رسولی حمید استاجی -
Open Access Article
14 - بررسی میزان آفلاتوکسین B1 خوراک دام وآفلاتوکسین M1 شیر خام به روش الایزا و کروماتوگرافی مایع با کارایی بالا
شهین عشقی جمیله سالار آملی کامران میرزایی -
Open Access Article
15 - بررسی سرمی حضور آنتی بادی ضد ویروس تورم سرخرگی اسبی در دو استان دارای جمعیت اسب زیاد در شرق ایران
مسعود ایمانی همایون بابایی محمد خلیلی پونه حاجی پور -
Open Access Article
16 - مطالعه فراوانی گله های گاوهای هلشتاین دارای آنتی بادی ضد نئوسپوراکنینوم در شیر مخزن در گرمسار و شاخص های تولید مثلی مرتبط با آن
محمدصالح متقی مجید محمدصادق مرتضی گرجی دوز -
Open Access Article
17 - بررسی وجود افلاتوکسین B1 در غذای خشک سگ و گربه عرضه‌شده در استان اصفهان به روش الایزا
پیمان کیهانی پرتو رییسی ابراهیم رحیمی -
Open Access Article
18 - مطالعه ارتباط بین ایمنی هومورال با دفع اووسیست در جوجه های آلوده به ایمریا و بررسی اثر درمان با سالینومایسین
فاطمه فخر احمد صدیقه نبیان فاطمه عرب خزائلی -
Open Access Article
19 - شناسایی عفونت مایکوپلاسما سینوویه در مرغان مادر گوشتی واکسینه شده
منصور میاحی زهرا برومند سید علی پور بخش رمضان علی جعفری حسین گیلوری -
Open Access Article
20 - بررسی آلودگی به توکسوپلاسما در بیماران بدخیم سرطانی بروش الایزا و مقایسه آن با گروه کنترل در شهرستان تبریز (1386)
میرهادی خیاط نوری یعقوب قره داغی -
Open Access Article
21 - ارزیابی فارمی دو واکسن کشته دو گانه نیوکاسل + گامبورو در جوجه تخمگذار تجاری
پیام حقیقی خوشخو حسین حسینی گیتا اکبری آزاد سعید معصومیان -
Open Access Article
22 - اعتبارسنجی دستگاه رفرکتومتر دیجیتال بریکس برای اندازه گیری غلظت ایمونوگلوبولین جی (IgG) در آغوز گاو هلشتاین
امیر زکیان محمد نوری آریا رسولی مسعود قربانپور پیتر دی کانستیبل -
Open Access Article
23 - مطالعه سرمی و مولکولی میزان شیوع ویروس نقصان ایمنی گاو (BIV) در گاوداری‌های استان‌های اصفهان و چهارمحال و بختیاری
محمد رضا محزونیه اعظم مختاری ژان پیر فروسارد -
Open Access Article
24 - بررسی شیوع سرمی عفونت ناشی از اورنیتوباکتریوم رینوتراکئال در گله های طیور تخمگذار شهرستان تبریز
سامان مهدوی افشین ذاکری بهروز رضانژاد دیزجی -
Open Access Article
25 - اندازه گیری میزان آفلاتوکسینB1 درآرد های نانوایی شهر قم
Mojgan Saghazadeh Fatemeh Khaneh Begi Majid Riazipourمایکوتوکسین ها متابولیت های ثانویه ای هستند. آفلاتوکسین ها آفلاتوکسینB1 یکی از قوی ترین هپاتوکارسینوژن های شناخته شده در طبیعت است. آن ها دارای اثرات کارسینوژنیک، موتاژنیک و تراتوژنیک هستند. آرد هایی که تحت شرایط نامناسب دمایی و رطوبتی طی رشد، برداشت و انبارداری قرار می Moreمایکوتوکسین ها متابولیت های ثانویه ای هستند. آفلاتوکسین ها آفلاتوکسینB1 یکی از قوی ترین هپاتوکارسینوژن های شناخته شده در طبیعت است. آن ها دارای اثرات کارسینوژنیک، موتاژنیک و تراتوژنیک هستند. آرد هایی که تحت شرایط نامناسب دمایی و رطوبتی طی رشد، برداشت و انبارداری قرار می گیرند، نسبت به آلودگی با آفلاتوکسین B1 مستعد هستند.هدف از انجام این مطالعه بررسی آلودگی آرد نانوایی های شهر قم به سم آفلاتوکسینB1 بوده است.در این مطالعه تجربی در تابستان سال 93 تعداد 84 نمونه آرد گندم از 84 نانوایی در شهر قم به طور تصادفی جمع آوری و میزان آفلاتوکسینB1 ، درآن ها با استفاده از روش الایزای رقابتی اندازه گیری شد. همچنین اطلاعاتی در مورد نوع آردمصرفی و مدت زمان ماندگاری آرد جمع آوری شد. داده ها با استفاده از نرم افزار آماری Spss و نرم افزار curve و Excel و آزمون student - tمورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. از تعداد 84 نمونه، 78 نمونه (2/98 % )، به مقادیری از آفلاتوکسین B1 آلوده بودند، که از این تعداد 51 نمونه (7/60 %)، دارای آلودگی بیش از حد مجاز تعیین شده توسط ایران (ppb5) و اتحادیه اروپا(ppb2) بود. میانگین غلظت این آفلاتوکسین در کل نمونه ها 9/5 میکروگرم در کیلوگرم با انحراف معیار 84/2 تعیین گردید.میانگین میزان آلودگی به آفلاتوکسین B1 در آردهای مورد استفاده برای تهیه نان بیش از حد مجاز بود، لذا نیاز به کنترل و ارزیابی مستمر میزان آفلاتوکسین B1 در آرد مصرفی نانوایی ها ضروری بنظر می رسد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Antibody production against Chlorpyrifos Pesticide (first experience in Iran)
Maryam Basirian Sohrab Imani Kambiz LarijaniNowadays use of pesticides is common in agriculture and so many investigations are carried out annually for determination of pesticide residue in crops with gas and liquid chromatography. But these methods are expensive and time consuming. Developing new methods o MoreNowadays use of pesticides is common in agriculture and so many investigations are carried out annually for determination of pesticide residue in crops with gas and liquid chromatography. But these methods are expensive and time consuming. Developing new methods of immunoassays like ELISA is interesting for many researchers. In this research, an evaluation of production of antibody against chlropyrifos was done. Pesticide was broken, then conjucation was made with protein BSA and a rabbit got immunized by injection. Then after different intervals the blood was collected and titer was determined with ELISA reader showing a great difference with the reference. This method is cheap, easy and more sensitive as compared to chromatography. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Study on the occurrence of some important viral pathogens infecting pepper in varamin area
Azin Aghazadeh Mojdeh Maleki Ali Reza GolnaraghiSurveys were conducted to determine viral diseases of pepper plants (Capsicum annum) in different regions of Varamin county during the growing seasons of 2012-2014. A total of 110 pepper leaf samples and 11 weed leaf samples were collected from plants showing virus-like MoreSurveys were conducted to determine viral diseases of pepper plants (Capsicum annum) in different regions of Varamin county during the growing seasons of 2012-2014. A total of 110 pepper leaf samples and 11 weed leaf samples were collected from plants showing virus-like symptoms. The samples were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using antibodies produced against Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Potato virus X (PVX), Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), and the broad-spectrum antibodies reacting potyviruses. According to the ELISA results, virus infections were related to TMV (26.7%), followed by potyviruses (24.3%), TYLCV (23.8%), CMV (13.3%), ToMV (13.3%) and PVX (1.9%). Nearly, 64.1% of the pepper leaf samples were infected with vector-transmitted viruses and 34.5% with viruses having no known vectors for their transmission. The results also indicated that 21.0% and 77% of the samples had single and mixed virus infections. respectively The tobamovirus and potyvirus infections of the samples were confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using previously described universal primer pairs Tob-Uni1/Tob-Uni2 and NIb2F/NIb3R, which resulted in the amplification of DNA fragments with the expected sizes of 800 bp and 350 bp, respectively. Moreover, the presence of TYLCV was confirmed by the amplification of DNA fragments with the expected size of ca. 670 bp by PCR using virus-specific primers TYLCV-Sar and TYLCV-Isr. This study showed a widespread occurrence of different viruses especially tobamoviruses and potyviruses in pepper fields of Varamin area. In the present work, the potyvirus infection of morning glory plant (Ipomoea purpurea) was also confirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - The frequency of aflatoxin M1 detected by ELISA and high performance liquid chromatography in raw and pasteurized milk in the northern province of Kerman
S. Sadeghi H.R. Gheisary S. Basiri H. Rashidi S.S. ShekarforoushThe aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is present in the milk of livestock fed on contaminated feed. This study was conducted based on the fact that milk is one of the main sources of aflatoxin contamination in human. In order to record the frequency of AFM1, a total of 207 milk sampl MoreThe aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is present in the milk of livestock fed on contaminated feed. This study was conducted based on the fact that milk is one of the main sources of aflatoxin contamination in human. In order to record the frequency of AFM1, a total of 207 milk samples, including 153 raw milk samples from 12 different regions of Kerman province and 54 pasteurized milk samples produced in 10 dairy factories in Kerman province was checked by Elisa. Results showed that the concentration of AFM1 in 41.2% of raw and 35.2% of the pasteurized samples was above the maximum acceptable level (100 ng/L) approved by the National Institute of Standard, Iran. The amount of AFM1 in pasteurized milk was significantly lower than that in the raw milk. In order to confirm the results of ELISA, 24 samples of raw milk and 2 samples of pasteurized milk were also evaluated by HPLC, from which, four positive and five negative samples were finally confirmed. Although there was no significant correlation between the number of positive and negative samples in both methods, the concentration of AFM1 was significantly correlated. The sensitivity and the specificity of the ELISA test was respectively 100% and 25%. Since the concentration of aflatoxin was higher than the accepted level, a proper strategy of feeding management of the dairy farms in the province is suggested. In spite of the fact that ELISA is a suitable method for screening of AFM1, using a method with higher specificity is also recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Determination of Aflatoxin M1 level in raw milk of East Mazandaran retails (Short Comunication)
l. Golestan kh. rahimiMycotoxin contamination of foodstuff and its transmission to consumers are extremely important from the public health point of view. Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is a hepatocarcinogenic toxin found in the milk of animals that have consumed feeds contaminated with aflatoxin B1. T MoreMycotoxin contamination of foodstuff and its transmission to consumers are extremely important from the public health point of view. Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is a hepatocarcinogenic toxin found in the milk of animals that have consumed feeds contaminated with aflatoxin B1. The aim of this study was to determine the level of AFM1 in raw milk at traditional dairy retails of the east of Mazandaran province. A total of 80 cow raw milk samples was randomly collected from retails of 10 cities of Mazandaran during March 2015. The level of AFM1 was measured by ELISA assay using commercial kits and a microplate reader. All raw milk samples contained measurable amounts of AFM1. The results showed that 6.25% of the total samples had higher concentrations permitted by the Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran; moreover, 17.5% of the samples were contaminated with higher concentrations of AFM1 than the maximum allowed limit set by the European Commission. Results revealed any significant relationship in the AFM1 concentrations between the sampling cities. According to the outcomes, it can be concluded that adequate control measures at the farm level may have resulted in reduced concentrations of AFM1 in raw milk of Mazandaran province; however, frequent monitoring is crucial. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Contamination rate of ochratoxin A in rice on Isfahan retail market
ابراهیم Rahimi امیر Shakerian محسن Jafarian محمد Kajbafi Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin that possess a risk to human health due to its nephrotoxic, immunotoxic, mutagenic, teratogenic and carcinogenic consequences. This study was undertaken to determine the presence and levels of OTA in different types of rice More Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin that possess a risk to human health due to its nephrotoxic, immunotoxic, mutagenic, teratogenic and carcinogenic consequences. This study was undertaken to determine the presence and levels of OTA in different types of rice distributed in Isfahan. For this, a total sample of 120 from 8 various types of rice was obtained from retail markets of Isfahan. Using ELISA method the samples were analyzed for the presence and contamination level of OTA. According to the kit manufacturer’s instruction, the recovery percentage of OTA in spiked rice samples at concentration of 5 ng/g was estimated at 84.9% and the detection limits for OTA was 0.625 ng/g. Analytical results showed a frequency of contamination of 20.8% of total rice samples. Levels of OTA in positive samples ranged from 1.07 to 10.83 ng/g and the average contamination level of samples was estimated at 3.5 ng/g. Among the samples, 3.3% were exceeded the permissible limits of 5 ng/g set by the European Regulations for OTA in cereals. According to the results, the daily intake of OTA via contaminated rice was estimated at 5.6 ng/kg bw/day. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Evaluation of aflatoxin B1 in different parts of pistachio fruit and effects of processing stages
رزا Dargahi معصومی Masoumi محمد Moradi S.R Fani Pistachio nut as the most important agricultural export products is facing challenges trough production and conception. Toxigenic Aspergillus species are able to grow and produce dangerous mycotoxins on pistachio nut. Distribution of aflatoxin in different More Pistachio nut as the most important agricultural export products is facing challenges trough production and conception. Toxigenic Aspergillus species are able to grow and produce dangerous mycotoxins on pistachio nut. Distribution of aflatoxin in different pistachio samples collected pre- (early splitting and healthy pistachios in orchards) and post-harvest (steps in processing plants) was evaluated. Aflatoxin B1 content of samples was quantified using ELISA. Overall, high content of aflatoxin B1 in pre-harvest was observed in early splitting pistachios which were 5 times higher than healthy ones. The mean value of aflatoxin B1 content in early splitting and healthy pistachio was 10.2 and 1.8 ng/g, respectively. In processing plant, the content of aflatoxin B1 in stained, small, floater and open shell pistachios was 21, 4, 15 and 2 times higher than unstained, large, sinker and closed shell pistachios, respectively. The presence of aflatoxin B1 in samples taken from orchards and processing plants indicates pre-harvest contamination by aflatoxin-producing fungi, which may exacerbate by inadequate post-harvest conditions. Physical properties of contaminated pistachios may be used to reduce aflatoxin levels in pistachio bulks during or after processing. ELISA, as practical, sensitive and cheap method, may apply to determine the aflatoxin content of pistachios. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Preliminary study of Histamine in Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) samples from fish markets in Tehran
زهره Mashak بیژن Moradi بهروز MoradiHistidine is one of non-protein nitrogen extractives which found in fish such as Salmonidae family (trout is belonged this family).Members of this family has high amounts of Histidine compared to other foods. Some Salmon microbial flora can decarboxylated Histidine to H MoreHistidine is one of non-protein nitrogen extractives which found in fish such as Salmonidae family (trout is belonged this family).Members of this family has high amounts of Histidine compared to other foods. Some Salmon microbial flora can decarboxylated Histidine to Histamine and this metabolite is a hazard component for human. Evaluation of Histamine levels in Salmon via a fast and accurate method can be useful for decreasing the intensity of these hazards. In this study evaluated psychrophilic and mesophilic aerobic bacteria and also histamine level in purchased salmon samples from fish markets in Tehran by ELISA method (Rida Screen Histamine Kits). A total of 60 samples of Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) purchased from fish markets and assayed for Histamine by using Rida Screen Histamine ELISA Kits. Bacterial enumeration was performed on 10-fold diluted samples at 25°C and 35°C for mesophilic and psychrophilic bacteria, respectively. The range of Histamine content was 4 to 28mg/100g (14.18mg/100g). 12.50 percent of samples had Histamine content above the international standard level (20mg/100g). Data achieved by bacterial enumeration and ELISA test were analyzed by Pearson correlation test indicated that direct relationship between histamine and the number of bacteria in fish samples is established (p<0.01). Variations in amounts of bacterial decarboxylase enzyme in all kind of fish depends on with time – temperature storage, fish species variation and kind of seafood. Therefore, application of good health care during the various stages of breeding, fishing, transportation and storage in inhibition of bacterial growth and subsequent production of histamine is effective and the risks of histamine poisoning can be minimized thereby. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Determination of neomycin residues in pasteurized milks produced in some dairy processing establishments in East-Azarbaijan Province, Iran
M.H Movassagh A.R KaramibonariAntibiotic residues in milk have a potential hazard for the consumer and may cause allergic reactions, interference in the intestinal flora that result in development of resistant populations of bacteria, thereby rendering antibiotic treatment ineffective. The aim of th MoreAntibiotic residues in milk have a potential hazard for the consumer and may cause allergic reactions, interference in the intestinal flora that result in development of resistant populations of bacteria, thereby rendering antibiotic treatment ineffective. The aim of this study was to determine neomycin residues in pasteurized milk in East-Azarbaijan province. For this, a total of 200 samples of pasteurized milk produced by five dairy processing establishments of East Azarbaijan province was randomly collected. The samples were obtained over the spring and autumn (100 samples for each season) of 2010. First, antibiotic residues were determined by Copan milk test. Afterwards, the competitive ELISA assay was used for the determination of neomycin concentration in positive samples. Of all samples, neomycin residues were observed in 9 and 13 samples and the mean neomycin residues amount were 43.20 ± 8.10 and 26.63±2.08 µg/L in spring and autumn, respectively. According to the limit of neomycin (1500 µg/l) in cow raw milk in Iran, despite all the remaining drugs in pasteurized milk, in any of the samples exceeded level of neomycin was not observed.Based on the results, continuousmonitoringofantibiotic residues inmilk samples is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Determination of Zearalenone concenteration in wheat, Oat and Maize breads in Isfahan
ابراهیم Rahimi امیر Shakerian گلنوش RaeisiZearalenone is a mycotoxin that poses a risk to human health due to its oestrogenic, immunotoxigenic, teratogenic and carcinogenic effects. This study was undertaken to determine the concentration of zearolenone in different types of bread consumed in Isfahan. In a desc MoreZearalenone is a mycotoxin that poses a risk to human health due to its oestrogenic, immunotoxigenic, teratogenic and carcinogenic effects. This study was undertaken to determine the concentration of zearolenone in different types of bread consumed in Isfahan. In a descriptive study, a total of 60 samples consisting of wheat, oat and maize breads was obtained from Isfahan retails from October 2011 to December 2012. Using ELISA method the samples were surveyed for the presence of zearalenone. According to the results, concentration of zearalenone in positive samples ranged between 0.35 and 45.38 ng/g. Moreover, the mean and standard deviation of zearalenone concentration in wheat, oat and maize breads were estimated as 3.94 ± 6.21, 8.52 ±12.81 and 9.53 ±10.35 ng/g, respectively. Any positive sample contained zearalenone concentration more than the maximum level of 50 ng/g set by the European Regulation for zearalenone in cereals and bread. However, it is essential to continuously monitor the zearalenone contamination level in cereals and particularly in wheat. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Determination of enrofloxacin residue in the muscle and liver of cultured rainbow trout in Chaharmahal-va-Bakhtiary province by ELISA
فیروز FadaeifardEnrofloxacin is one of the broad-spectrum antibiotics in veterinary medicine which in recent years its application has grown considerably for the control of infectious diseases in farmed fish. Alpha The aim of this study was to quantify enrofloxacin residue in muscle a MoreEnrofloxacin is one of the broad-spectrum antibiotics in veterinary medicine which in recent years its application has grown considerably for the control of infectious diseases in farmed fish. Alpha The aim of this study was to quantify enrofloxacin residue in muscle and liver of rainbow trout cultured in Chaharmahal-va-Bakhtiary province using ELISA method. For this, the samples were obtained from the farms located in Ardal and Koohrang areas during the spring and summer of 2011. Three farms were chosen from each area and 15 samples were taken from three weight categories including < 50, 50-150 and > 150 g (5 samples from each category). Results revealed that maximum (58.33) and minimum (23.33) percentage of enrofloxacin residue was determined in <50 g and >150 g categories, respectively. In Koohrang region, the quantity of enrofloxacin residues in muscle and liver samples was 13.84 ± 11.50 and 19.95 ± 18.06, respectively. Meanwhile in Ardal, the quantity of the residue was estimated at 12.83 ± 11.62 and 11.22 ± 11.09, respectively. Considering the sampling time, among spring samples the quantity of the residues in muscle and liver was estimated at 14.27 ± 13 and 22.06 ± 21.69, respectively. The quantity of enrofloxacin among the summer samples was 12.40 ± 10.29 and 8.86 ± 7.31, respectively. Moreover, mean value of enrofloxacin residue in the muscle and liver of Koohrang was higher than Ardal region. It was concluded that enrofloxacin residue was lower than the maximum acceptance limit determined by the European Union. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Contamination levels of aflatoxin M1 in bulk raw milk of Chaloos and Ramsar
A.R Barami M.R Pour Elmi مهرداد IraniAflatoxin M1 (AFM1) appears in milk as a direct result of the ingestion of feed contaminated with aflatoxin B1 by cattle. This study was conducted to investigate the contamination rate of raw milk whit aflatoxin M1 in Chaloos and Ramsar raw milk collection centers. Two MoreAflatoxin M1 (AFM1) appears in milk as a direct result of the ingestion of feed contaminated with aflatoxin B1 by cattle. This study was conducted to investigate the contamination rate of raw milk whit aflatoxin M1 in Chaloos and Ramsar raw milk collection centers. Two hundred bulk raw milk samples were collected during winter (January and February) and summer (June and July) seasons. The milk samples were analyzed by ELISA method for the presence of AFM1. During the winter, AFM1 was detected in 100% and 59/79% of the bulk raw milk samples in Ramsar and Chaloos, respectively; however, during summer 83/52% and 50/1 of the samples was found as positive in Ramsar and Chaloos, respectively. Furthermore, 45% of Ramsar and 30% of Chaloos bulk milk samples showed higher contamination level of AFM1 than maximum tolerance limit (50 ng/l) accepted by National Standard as well as European Union. Although, the difference between the contamination rate in samples obtained during summer and winter seasons was not statistically significantly, (p<0/05) significant difference (p<0/05) was observed between Chaloos and Ramsar samples in each season. Moreover, highest contamination rate was found in February. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Study of aflatoxin M1 level in the collected raw cow milk from milk collection centers in Tabriz
M.H Movassagh سعید Adinehvand Aflatoxins are a group of mycotoxins mainly produced by common fungi Aspergillus flavus, A. parasiticus and A. nomius. Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is the major metabolite of aflatoxin B1. AFM1 is also known to be hepatotoxic and carcinogenic. The purpose of this st More Aflatoxins are a group of mycotoxins mainly produced by common fungi Aspergillus flavus, A. parasiticus and A. nomius. Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is the major metabolite of aflatoxin B1. AFM1 is also known to be hepatotoxic and carcinogenic. The purpose of this study was to investigate the contamination level of AFM1 in raw cow milk of Tabriz. A total of 90 raw cow milk samples was collected randomly from Tabriz suburb milk-collection-centers between July to September 2012. Determination of AFM1 was based on ELISA assay. Based on the results, AFM1 was found in 100% of cow milk samples. The mean contamination rate was 148.37 ± 19.27 ng/l. Moreover, 37.77% of cow milk samples had the contamination level over the maximum tolerance limit (100 ng/l) accepted by Iranian National Standard. It was concluded that high incidence and contamination level of AFM1 in cow's milk is of great concern. The periodic monitoring of cow raw milk for the contamination of AFM1 in Tabriz area is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Antibiotic residues in chicken meat and table eggs consumed in Islamic Republic of Iran Army
A. Dabagh Moghadam M. Bashashati S. J. Hosseini-Shokouh S.R. HashemiAntibiotics are widely used for preventing and treating several diseases, as well as for promoting growth in food-producing animals. This widespread use of antibiotic may cause residuals in foodstuffs, as well as the induction of allergic reactions in humans. In addition MoreAntibiotics are widely used for preventing and treating several diseases, as well as for promoting growth in food-producing animals. This widespread use of antibiotic may cause residuals in foodstuffs, as well as the induction of allergic reactions in humans. In addition, resistance to pathogenic bacteria has been constantly weakening as a result of antibiotic use. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the presence of common three groups of antibiotics including fluoroquinolone, tetracycline and sulfonamide in chicken meat and table eggs consumed in Islamic Republic of Iran Army (IRIA). A total of 70 poultry samples, including chicken meat and eggs from IRIA‘s cold storages, were analyzed using ELISA for determination of antibiotic residues. Of the chicken samples analyzed, 35 (100%), 30 (85.71%) and 28 (80.00%) were contaminated with fluoroquinolone, tetracycline and sulfonamide, respectively. The mean levels (±SE) of fluoroquinolone, tetracycline and sulfonamide were found to be 72.59±4.30 µg/kg, 15.35±1.6 µg/kg and 36.52±3.61 µg/kg in chicken samples, respectively. 4 (11.43%) of chicken samples exceeded the maximum residue level (MRL). The study revealed that 4 (11.43%), 8 (22.85%) and zero of 35 egg samples were positive for fluoroquinolone, tetracycline and sulfonamide, respectively. The mean levels (±SE) of fluoroquinolone, tetracycline and sulfonamide were found to be 1.23±0.6 µg/kg, 2.84±0.94 µg/kg and zero µg/kg in egg samples, respectively. This study indicated that some consumable chicken meat and eggs of IRIA contain residues of antibiotics, therefore, it is necessary to monitor protein products regarding to antimicrobial residues for public health. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Determination of Ochratoxin A in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) feed in Chaharmahal Va Bakhtiary province by ELISA assay
فیروز Fadaeifard مهدی Raiisy حمید Koorangi ابراهیم Rahimi راحله Pirzadeh Ochratoxins are considered as the significant mycotoxins found in animal feeds. Amongst, Ochratoxin A has high pathological consequences on the humans and animals. The aim of present study was to determine the amount of Ochratoxin A in rainbow trout feed pr More Ochratoxins are considered as the significant mycotoxins found in animal feeds. Amongst, Ochratoxin A has high pathological consequences on the humans and animals. The aim of present study was to determine the amount of Ochratoxin A in rainbow trout feed produced in Chaharmahal Va Bakhtiary province. For this, four major producers of trout feed were chosen and four different sizes of feed together with one wheat flour sample were obtained from each factory. The samples were transferred to Food Analysis Lab of Shahre-Kord Islamic Azad University. The samples were obtained in three replicates and a total of 60 samples were analyzed for the presence of Ochratoxin A. The analysis was performed by ELISA assay. Results revealed that the quantity of Ochratoxin A in all feed samples were lower than determined contamination level established by Iranian National Standard and EU commission (5µg/kg). However, the contamination levels in all wheat flour samples were higher than defined standard. The amount of Ochratoxin A in samples obtained from various producers was not statistically significant (p<0.05). It was concluded that the overall quality of trout feed produced in Chaharmahal Va Bakhtiary province were satisfactory. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Detection and determination of Melamine in infant formula by ELISA method
امیر Shakerian گلی Savabi Esfahani Thirty-six samples of infant formula with different production dates and various brands were purchased from Isfahan city during 2012. The samples were assayed for the presence and quantity of melamine by ELISA screening method. According to the results, in More Thirty-six samples of infant formula with different production dates and various brands were purchased from Isfahan city during 2012. The samples were assayed for the presence and quantity of melamine by ELISA screening method. According to the results, in any infant formula melamine contamination was observed above the detection limit of the kit (10 µg/L). Therefore, it was concluded that the infant formula at Isfahan retail is not considered a health hazard from the melamine contamination point of view. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - A survey on aflatoxin M1 contamination in pasteurized milk samples in Tabriz, Iran (Short Communication)
P. Farshi M. Khakpour M. TabibiazarAflatoxin, as one of the most potent carcinogen, is considered an important threat for public health, and it is not possible planning for reducing aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) levels in milk and milk products without paying great attention to the exposure to these compounds. Thi MoreAflatoxin, as one of the most potent carcinogen, is considered an important threat for public health, and it is not possible planning for reducing aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) levels in milk and milk products without paying great attention to the exposure to these compounds. This survey aimed to investigate the occurrence of AFM1 in pasteurized milk samples produced in Tabriz, Iran. Seventy-four milk samples produced by eleven different factories were collected from local market during six months in fall and winter 2015. AFM1 was analyzed by Enzyme-Linked Immune Sorbent Assay (ELISA). Based on results, 82% of the samples were contaminated with AFM1 in concentration levels ranged 5 to 80 ng/l. In 9 samples (12.16%) the AFM1 level was higher than 50 ng/l, the maximum residue limit (MRL) accepted by Codex and European Union for AFM1 in milk. The difference of AFM1 level between dairy factories was statistically significant (p<0.5). It seems that continuous monitoring of AFM1 contamination in distributed milk is a critical step in control and prevention of this contaminant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Investigating serumic levels of antibodies against Mycobacterium avium supspecies paratuberculosis using the ELISA method in Holstein dairy cattle
yavar heydarzadeh Asiabi Behboud Jafari Ali hassanpourParatuberculosis (Johne’s disease) is achronic bacterial infection of ruminants causing body wasting due to severe and protracted diarrhea. The aim of the present study was to investigate the rate of infection to Johne’s disease in cattle of Moghan agro-busi MoreParatuberculosis (Johne’s disease) is achronic bacterial infection of ruminants causing body wasting due to severe and protracted diarrhea. The aim of the present study was to investigate the rate of infection to Johne’s disease in cattle of Moghan agro-business and animal husbandry complex by detecting antibody titers against Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) using the absorptive ELISA method. For this purpose, blood samples were collected from 738 randomly selected milking cattle of Moghan agro-business and animal husbandry complex and their sera were assessed by ELISA method. The results indicated that 58 cattle had antibody titers against MAP with S/P percentage over 60% (infection rate of 7.86%) of which 25 cattle were positive (with S/P percentage over 70%) and 33 were suspicious (with S/P percentage between 60-70%). Because Johne’s disease is manifested as a subclinical disease and infected cattle seem to be apparently healthy, bacteria are shed through faeces and body secretions causing infection of the rest of the herd. Thus performing periodic herd screening tests and testing recently introduced animals alongside other preventive measures is strictly advised. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Assessment of Streptococcus equi infection in apparently healthy working horses of Urmia region by indirect ELISA method
Esmail Minai Arash Araghi-SoorehStrangles is one of the most important infectious diseases of equids caused by Streptococcus equi subspecies equi. The disease is characterized by fever, anorexia, lethargy, purulent nasal discharge, and lymphadenopathy, particularly of the lymph nodes of the head and n MoreStrangles is one of the most important infectious diseases of equids caused by Streptococcus equi subspecies equi. The disease is characterized by fever, anorexia, lethargy, purulent nasal discharge, and lymphadenopathy, particularly of the lymph nodes of the head and neck. The objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence rate of S. equi infection in apparently healthy working horses of Urmia region in northwestern Iran. Sera from 46 apparently healthy horses were tested by enzyme linked immunosrobent assay (ELISA) kit (ID Screen S. equi Indirect) to detect IgG to S. equi M protein (SeM) antigen. Data were analyzed for effect of sex and age on seropositivity by chi-squared, fisher’s exact and logistic regression tests. A total of 73.9% (95% CI: 61.2-86.6%) of samples were positive for S. equi antibodies. Seropositivity was not affected by age (p >0.05) and sex (p >0.05). In regression analysis only age was significant between predictor variables. Odds of infection between the age based on year and disease was 1.403 (95% CI: 1.006-1.958), and age explained 0.339% of infection’s fluctuations. The final summary of results indicates that exposure to S. equi is very high in apparently healthy working horses of Urmia region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Serological survey of Influenza A virus infection in horses of some districts of Mahabad city by ELISA method
Armin Attari Arash Araghi-SoorehAbstract Equine influenza is an acute, infectious, and highly contagious respiratory disease that is worldwide. This study was aimed to determine the seroprevalence of influenza A virus infection in horses of Mahabad city by competitive ELISA methods. In this study, 200 MoreAbstract Equine influenza is an acute, infectious, and highly contagious respiratory disease that is worldwide. This study was aimed to determine the seroprevalence of influenza A virus infection in horses of Mahabad city by competitive ELISA methods. In this study, 200 serum samples were collected from horses in Beytas, Hamzeh abad, Lekben, Kovtar and Dehboker villages located in Mahabad city and then examined by competitive ELISA method. The prevalence of antibodies against the influenza A virus in the study population was 6% )with 95% confidence interval: 2.16-8.7%(. Chi-square test showed no statistically significant relationship between the frequency of positive serum cases of influenza A and the sex of horses )P = 0.354> 0.05(. Horse breeds in the study population included Kurdish, Pony, Working and Arabian horses with 7.6%, 0%, 7.7% and 3.2% positive serum frequency, respectively. Data analysis showed There is no significant difference between the frequency of positive serum cases of influenza A virus and the studied breeds )P = 0.402> 0.05(. This study showed that the serum prevalence of influenza A in the study population is very low. This study is also the first report on the exposure of horses in Mahabad city to the Influenza A virus. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - The relationship between the serological prevalence of strangles disease with the parameters of age, gender, breed, respiratory disease, and geographical region in Tabriz area
Sina Moghaddam Ali Hassanpour Jalal ShayeghStrangles is a prevalent infectious and contagious disease among Equidae that is caused by Streptococcus equi subspecies equi. This study was conducted on 184 horses that were studied in terms of carrying S. equi and its frequency among the horse population kept in eque MoreStrangles is a prevalent infectious and contagious disease among Equidae that is caused by Streptococcus equi subspecies equi. This study was conducted on 184 horses that were studied in terms of carrying S. equi and its frequency among the horse population kept in equestrian clubs around Tabriz. The serum samples were collected from different equestrian clubs and were assayed using an iELISA (Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) test for anti-SeM antibody in Streptococcus equi. The relative frequency of carriers was 53.3% in stallions and 24.5% in mares (p<0.001). The seroprevalence of carriers was 95% in horses with a record of respiratory disease and 39.6% in horses without respiratory disease (p<0.001). The seroprevalence of carriers was 68.2% in Kurd breed horses, 37.1% in the Arabian breed, 64% in crossbreed, and 80% in the Thoroughbred breed (p<0.05). Any significant relationship was not found between carriers and age (p>0.05). The results of Chi-squared test showed that the most positive results were observed in Arpadresi area of Tabriz city (p<0.001). The present investigation is the first study in the city of Tabriz, and the results show the lack of proper hygiene and the existence of stable carriers at the level of equestrian clubs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Study of prevalence of equine herpes virus types 1 and 4 infections in horse sera from riding clubs of Urmia
Amir Shafaroodi Arash Araghi-SoorehHerpesviruses can cause significant economic losses to the equine industry worldwide. Equine herpes virus type 1 (EHV-1) and type 4 (EHV-4) cause respiratory signs, abortion, neonatal death and in some cases distal limb edema and myeloencephalopathy in susceptible horse MoreHerpesviruses can cause significant economic losses to the equine industry worldwide. Equine herpes virus type 1 (EHV-1) and type 4 (EHV-4) cause respiratory signs, abortion, neonatal death and in some cases distal limb edema and myeloencephalopathy in susceptible horses. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of EHV-1 and EHV-4 infection in club horses of Urmia in relation to age, gender, breed and clinical signs. Sera from 51 horses were tested by indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) for detection of specific antibodies against EHV-1 and EHV-4 and data were analyzed by chi-squared, fisher’s exact and logistic regression tests. A total of 9 samples (17.65%) (95% CI: 7.2-28.0) were found to be positive for specific antibodies of EHV-1 and EHV-4. Seropositivity was not affected by age (p=0.593), sex (p=0.651), breed (p=0.874) and clinical signs (p=0.824). Although in regression analysis it was found that odds of infection based on age was increased by 1.51% for every 4 year decrease in age and odds of infection was 1.549% more in females compared with males. Also age, gender and breed of horses explains 0.449, 0.437 and 0.217% of infection rate fluctuations, respectively. In conclusion, the results indicate relatively high exposure of equine herpes virus types 1 and 4 in club horses of Urmia. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea in cattle population of Golestan province by ELISA method
Aref Amanbaei Jalal Shayegh Mohammadreza Valilou Haniyeh TaghiyanBovine Viral Diarrhea is considered as one of the difficulties in industrial livestock whole world. If it went out of control, can causes significant economic losses. The eradication of the disease requires serological and molecular studies due to the presence of animal MoreBovine Viral Diarrhea is considered as one of the difficulties in industrial livestock whole world. If it went out of control, can causes significant economic losses. The eradication of the disease requires serological and molecular studies due to the presence of animals with persist infection. This study’s purpose is prevalence assessment of this disease in Golestan province. In order to do this, serum samples were taken from 200 cows (which) selected from industrial and traditional farms in 6 cities of the Golestan province randomly and they were tested for the presence of antibodies against BVDV by standard ELISA kits. The results showed that the prevalence of BVD antibodies in obtained serums is 22/92 percent. The most prevalence is related to the Bandar-e-Turkman county and the least prevalence is related to the Aliabad county. The prevalence of the disease in industrial farming system was more than traditional one (p<0.1) and there was a significant relationship between increasing age and number of claves with increasing antibody titer. Thus, the high serum prevalence of infection in farms in Golestan province refers to spread of pollution and economical importance of controlling the disease. Emphasis on changing the approach to livestock industrialization can help controlling the disease beside other preventive measures. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Evaluation of chloramphenicol residues in poultry meat using ELISA method in Isfahan
ابراهیم Rahimi محسن JafarianChloramphenicol is classified as a broad spectrum veterinary drugs used to treat pulmonary infections in the poultry industry. Even relatively low levels of chloramphenicol residues may give rice to an irreversible type of bone marrow depression leading eventually to an MoreChloramphenicol is classified as a broad spectrum veterinary drugs used to treat pulmonary infections in the poultry industry. Even relatively low levels of chloramphenicol residues may give rice to an irreversible type of bone marrow depression leading eventually to anaplastic anemia. This study was conducted with the aim of chicken meat. Chloramphenicol concentraction was measured by enzyme (ELISA) in 140 chicken meat samples (thigh muscles) presented to the consumption market of isfahan city. In 25 of the 140 evaluated samples (17.9%), presence of chloramephnicol residues was detected in concentrations rouging form 14 to 311 ng/kg with a mean ±standard deviation of 97.9 ±17.7 ng/kg. the results of chloramphenicol residues were low in the samples but this drug is still being used in the poultry industry and this can be a risk to public health. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Serologic investigation of the prevalence of Equine infectious anemia virus in Tabriz area
علی Hassanpour A.P Rezaei Saber فرهاد MosakhaniAbstract Equine infectious anemia (EIA) is caused by the equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV), which infects the animals in the family Equidae and is classified in the subfamily Lentivirinae of the family Retroviridae. The disease leads to fever, hemolytic ane MoreAbstract Equine infectious anemia (EIA) is caused by the equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV), which infects the animals in the family Equidae and is classified in the subfamily Lentivirinae of the family Retroviridae. The disease leads to fever, hemolytic anemias, icterus, depression and chronic weight loss. This study was conducted on 287 horses (200 male and 87 female) in Tabriz area in Iran in order to determine the seroprevalence of equine infectious anemia. Blood was collected from all horses and the sera were analyzed for the presence of antibodies to equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) using an ELISA test with IDEXX kit. The mean of Optical Density (OD) was 0.372± 0.016. In these samples the lowest and highest levels were 0.273 and 0.511 respectively. There was no positive case according to the observed results. Mean OD was 0.381± 0.014 in male horses and 0.387±0.010 in female horses, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (P= 0.356). The horses were studied in four age groups: 1-3 (54 horses), 3-6 (125 horses), 6-9 (70 horses) and over 9 years old (38 horses). Mean OD was 0.373±0.011, 0.381±0.012, 0.383±0.009, 0.388±0.017 in these groups respectively. The results revealed that none of the horses were positive for antibodies to EIAV. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - The study of infection rate to Bovine Herpes Virus – 1(BHV-1) in milk samples of dairy cattle in Urmia and Maku by ELISA method
احمد Gharekhani احمد MorshediA cross sectional study was performed to find out and compare the infection rate to BHV-1 of dairy cattles in Urmia and Maku. Random sampling in three age groups of (3-4, 5-6 and 7 years and more) was done. In every region 22 cattle herds were selected, from each cattle MoreA cross sectional study was performed to find out and compare the infection rate to BHV-1 of dairy cattles in Urmia and Maku. Random sampling in three age groups of (3-4, 5-6 and 7 years and more) was done. In every region 22 cattle herds were selected, from each cattle herd 10 cows were picked out and a sample of milk was collected from each cow. Individual milk samples were investigated by indirect ELISA method in order to determine the presence of BHV-1 antibodies in the sample. By determining the OD of the samples and the percentage of positive and negative ELISA, the results were compared. Data analysis was performed by SPSS (Ver.16) and S-plus 2000 software with Mann-Whitney, Chi- square and Kruskal-Wallis tests to find out the difference between the average infection in the two regions and the difference between the total average of infection rate between the age groups (p<0.05). The results showed that the rate of infection in Maku was 34/08% (with 75 positive milk samples) and in Urmia it was 13/04% (with 29 positive milk samples). It shows that the rate of infection in Maku is much higher to the extent that a significant difference in the infection rate between the two regions is observed. Also upon the study of the total average of infection rate between the age groups of the two regions the rate of infection cases in the first group (32%) was meaningfully higher than the other two age groups amounting to 14% and 6% respectivety. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Evaluation of the relationship between some blood metabolites and elements on the ovarian persistent follicle formation in dairy cattle
زهرا Merati GH Moghaddam S.A RafatThe object of this study was to investigate the effect of some blood metabolites and elements on the ovarian persistent follicle formation in dairy cattle. Blood samples were obtained from 117 lactating cows in two groups of normal and persistent follicle status. Glucos MoreThe object of this study was to investigate the effect of some blood metabolites and elements on the ovarian persistent follicle formation in dairy cattle. Blood samples were obtained from 117 lactating cows in two groups of normal and persistent follicle status. Glucose, urea, total protein, phosphorus and betahydroxy butyrate were measured by spectrophotometer method. Estradiol concentration in blood serum was measured by ELISA method. Effects of calving season, parity and milk production at 50-60 days postpartum were studied on persistent follicle status. Status of animal (presence or absence of resistant follicle) had significant effect on urea, protein, beta-hydroxybutyrate, phosphorus and estradiol (p<0.05). Logistic regression results indicated that if a cow were to increase her urea by one point, it is expected that the probability of resistant follicle formation increases by 0.548 units while the other variables in the model are held constant and if a cows phosphorus level increase one unit, it is expected that the probability of resistant follicle formation decreases by 1.06 units. Some metabolites and hormonal factors such as phosphorus and blood urea may play an important role in persistent ovarian follicle formation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea disease investigated with indirect ELISA method in dairy Holstein cows of Tabriz region
افشین Davasaz Tabrizi پیمان Zare یوسف Davoudi صمد Mosaferi مهران AlamdariBovine viral diarrhea suppresses the immune system and makes animals susceptible to other diseases. Considering that the most common form of this disease is the chronic form, it is not considered seriously in our country. Since in many dairy herds there are many inferti MoreBovine viral diarrhea suppresses the immune system and makes animals susceptible to other diseases. Considering that the most common form of this disease is the chronic form, it is not considered seriously in our country. Since in many dairy herds there are many infertility cases without any specific cause and there are no vaccinations or control programs against bovine viral diarrhea in dairy farms of Tabriz, the need to investigate the prevalence of this disease in dairy farms across the region becomes obvious. Venous blood samples were obtained from 508 Holstein cows of dairy of Tabriz. Sera were maintained until testing at temperature of -20°C. Serum samples were tested using indirect ELISA and commercial kits for inspecting specific antibodies of bovine viral diarrhea. From the total of 508 cows that were studied, 95 cases (18.7 percent) had antibodies against bovine viral diarrhea. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Serological survey of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale infectious in broiler flocks of Ardabil province
حسین Nikpiran SH Abbasi Bahonar پیمان Bijanzad مهدی Taghavi MolaiiOrnithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) is a gram negative, non-motile, and rod shaped bacterial pathogen causing respiratory tract disease in poultry and cause economic losses in poultry industry. The Objective of this study, was investigation of serological status of Ar MoreOrnithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) is a gram negative, non-motile, and rod shaped bacterial pathogen causing respiratory tract disease in poultry and cause economic losses in poultry industry. The Objective of this study, was investigation of serological status of Ardabil province broiler flocks in view of ORT infection. For this purpose from 25 broiler flocks, 450 serum samples were taken in last week of age, and then investigated with IDEXX ELISA kit. Results showed that 72.2 percent (325 samples) of samples were positive to antibodies against ORT and the remaining samples 27.8 percent (125 samples) were suspicious and non of samples were negative.In conclusion, the results of this study indicated that the prevalence of ORT antibodies is high in the broiler flocks of Ardabil province. Due to the economical importance of ORT infection it might be necessary to prepare a general prevention and control plan to tackle this emerging disease. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Comarison of direct microscopic examination, Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), culture and Nested-PCR for diagnosis of herds bulk tank milk infection with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis
آریا Badiei فرهاد Mousakhani عباس Barin امیر Hamidi محسن ZafariCausative agent of Johne’s diseases is Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) and each year, it hurts dairy cattle industry worldwide by depression of production and reproductive indexes and culling of affected animals. This bacteria is known as a z MoreCausative agent of Johne’s diseases is Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) and each year, it hurts dairy cattle industry worldwide by depression of production and reproductive indexes and culling of affected animals. This bacteria is known as a zoonotic pathogen and recent researches explain its probable role in Crohn’s disease in humans. This study compared four laboratory diagnostic tests; including Enzyme Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA), direct microscopic examination, milk culture and Nested-PCR for diagnosis of herds bulk tank milk infection with MAP bacteria. 100 bulk tank milk samples were obtained from 100 industrial dairy herds of Tehran province. Samples were screened by four tests and 82 samples (82%) detected as positive in culture media, 94 milk samples (94%) were positive by Nested-PCR test and 98 samples were positive in ELISA test results (98%). But direct microscopic examination identified just 33 milk samples as positive. Four positive samples of ELISA test were detected as negative samples by Nested-PCR. These 4 samples in addition to 12 other samples which diagnosed as positive by ELISA, had no growth in culture media (16 samples). These results indicated superiority of Nested-PCR among these four tests for diagnosis of bulk tank milk infection with MAP bacteria. Furthermore, the results represent high prevalence of MAP bacteria in bulk tank milk of dairy herds in Tehran province and it needs more serious eradication efforts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Survey on serologic prevalence of human toxoplasmosis in males and females referred to centeral Medical Laboratory in the Mianeh city by Elisa method
جابر Davoodi محمد Sadagiyan افشین Bahman Shabestari سهراب Rasouli امین Khodadadi کمال JafaryToxoplasmosis is one of the most common causes of human parasitic are infections and other warm-blooded vertebrates, which has extensive worldwide distribution. The aim of this study served to determine the level of human toxoplasmosis infection Mianeh city 1389. In thi MoreToxoplasmosis is one of the most common causes of human parasitic are infections and other warm-blooded vertebrates, which has extensive worldwide distribution. The aim of this study served to determine the level of human toxoplasmosis infection Mianeh city 1389. In this cross - sectional study of 200 men and women admitted to city level laboratories in the mid 1389 randomly selected after completing a questionnaire, the presence of IgG and IgM antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii. The results by using Chi square test were statistically analyzed. Blood samples of 200 human are examined, about 73 samples, 36.5% have IgG antibodies and 14 samples, 7% had IgM antibodies to meet the 60 patients with chronic infections and 13 infections were acute or subacute toxoplasmosis. The results showed that between toxoplasmosis and education level, age, marital status and occupation of that statistical relationship exists between gender(p<0/05), but individuals, contact with cats, soil, half-cooked meat, how to wash vegetables and history of hospitalization there was no significant relationship(p>0/05). The results show high prevalence of Toxoplasma in the Mianeh is about the same prevalence of IgG and IgM positive shifter somewhat higher than rates reported in similar studies conducted in the northwest region. So consider the lack of population control programs of stray cats and the lack of appropriate health information sections of society, the need for constant monitoring of the disease, it seems necessary. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Prevalence of antibodies to BVD virus in milk tanks, dairy farms in Tabriz with history of abortions in 90-1389
منصور Khakpour هیوا Ahmadi A.R Monadi صمد MosaferiBovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is the most important bovine viral disease across the world. The virus belongs to Flavi viridae and of Pesti virus genus which causes to various syndromes. The virus affects the reproduction, respiratory, digestive, cardiovascular, immunity, MoreBovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is the most important bovine viral disease across the world. The virus belongs to Flavi viridae and of Pesti virus genus which causes to various syndromes. The virus affects the reproduction, respiratory, digestive, cardiovascular, immunity, lymphatic, muscular and central nervous systems .Today, different tests (virus isolation, RT-PCR, capturing ELISA, direct and indirect ELISA and immune fluorescence test) have be designed in order to diagnosis viral infection of cattle’s viral diarrhea. This study aimed at demonstrating the importance of the disease in cattle’s abortion of Tabriz suburb’s cattle pens in 89-90 by measurement antibody titre of produced milk. ELISA test was used in the present study since ELISA test of bulk milk is one of the diagnostic methods in cattle pens according to the regulations of counyry veterinarian organization for controlling BVD-MD disease. The results demonstrated that there were 9 positive and 11 negative samples of 20 milk samples. The results suggest that of the rate of milk tanks contamination of Tabriz suburb is about 45% in 89-90 which shows relatively 2% resistant contamination in cattle pens of the region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Comparative survey on ascites syndrome incidence rate in broiler chickens infected and non-infected by infectious bronchitis
عادل Feizi کامروز KaboliInfectious Bronchitis is an acute and highly contagious viral respiratory disease of chickens characterized by gasping, coughing, tracheal rales and nasal discharge. Infected chickens have congestion in trachea and lungs with caseous exudates exudates in the trachea in MoreInfectious Bronchitis is an acute and highly contagious viral respiratory disease of chickens characterized by gasping, coughing, tracheal rales and nasal discharge. Infected chickens have congestion in trachea and lungs with caseous exudates exudates in the trachea in post mortem examination. Ascites syndrome is a significant cause of mortality in broiler chickens. Gross lesions of this syndrome are cardiac enlargement, hydropericard and ascites. Infectious Bronchitis virus induces repiratory damage and causes ascites in broilers. In this study eight broiler farms that were infected to infectious Bronchitis selected. Blood samples were collected at the onset of infection and ELISA Test was applied for confirmation of infectious Bronchitis. In each farm autopsy was applied, causes of mortality recorded and also feed conversion ratio, total weight and feed consumption were calculated. The percentage of ascites mortality in chickens that were infected to infectious Bronchitis increased significantly than the control chickens. In eight infectious bronchitis infected famrs, percentage ascites mortality was 3% and in non-infected chickens was 0.5%. Total weight in infected (IB) chickens was significantly lower than in healthy chickens. Feed conversion ratio in infected chickens was higher than healthy chickens. There is a positive correlation between Infectious Bronchitis and the rate of ascites incidence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Comparative study of antibody titers obtained from Avinew and La Sota vaccines in broiler chicks with ELISA test
adel feyzi peyman bijanzad kamrouz kaboliAbstract Newcastle disease is an important viral disease and its occurrence and virulence in Iran has increased in recent years. Therefore control of this disease through effective vaccination programs is very important. The objective of this study was to MoreAbstract Newcastle disease is an important viral disease and its occurrence and virulence in Iran has increased in recent years. Therefore control of this disease through effective vaccination programs is very important. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of La Sota and Avinew vaccines in broiler chicks. In this study, 270 day old Ross broiler chicks were divided into 3 groups with 3 replicates in each group and 30 chicks in each replicate. Avinew and lasota vaccines were used in groups 1 and 2 respectively. Group 3 was the covered group and Newcastle vaccine wasn't used in this group. Breeding conditions were the same in the 3 groups and blood samples were collected the 3 groups and blood samples were collectd on days 1,14,24,34 and 44 for determination of antibody titers obtained from Newcastle vaccines using the ELISA serologic test. The results indicated that in the vaccinated groups, antibody titers increased significantly (v<0.05) after day 14 in comparison to the control group. In the control group, the antibody titer belonging to maternal immunity decreased significantly (p<0.05) after day 14 and the chicks became susceptible to Newcastle disease. Antibody titers obtained from the two vaccines significantly different (p<0.05) but due to less adverse reactions following vaccination, the Avinew vaccine is preferred over the lasota vaccine. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Review of Brucella contamination in Milk and its products of Iran
Amir Shakerian sahar nouri Mohammad NodargahBrucellosis or Malta-Fever, is a zoonotic disease that cause by gram negative brucella bacteria and is a serious health problem in the Mediterranean area. It usually transmitted to humans from livestock or tainted livestock products. Brucellosis in humans followed by co MoreBrucellosis or Malta-Fever, is a zoonotic disease that cause by gram negative brucella bacteria and is a serious health problem in the Mediterranean area. It usually transmitted to humans from livestock or tainted livestock products. Brucellosis in humans followed by consumption of raw milk, its products and soft cooked meat. It’s endemic as well as in our country and it has increased in recent years. Regarding the health of milk and its products due to the high value in humans food is paramount important and contamination of milk and its products from important ways of disease transferring, therefore in this article provides overview of dairy-products contamination as one the important transfer ways since 1948 to 2016. There are several methods to diagnose, but in recent years, according to the molecular methods such as PCR or serology ones as ELISA due to the sensitivity and a high degree of accuracy are payed attention. Prevention, control and eradicate program of brucellosis have been different according to the economic condition various in countries and broadly eradicate and control of brucellosis is important from tow aspects of health and economic. Raise up awareness of poultry- mans and educating consumers by the mass media and raise up awareness about transferable disease from milk and its products can be useful. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - A Survey of Aflatoxin M1 Contamination in Pasteurized Whey and Dried Whey in Isfahan province using ELISA method in 2016
golnaz rizvandi iraj javadiFungal toxins (mycotoxins) are a group of secondary metabolites of fungi that have different mutagenic, carcinogenic, estrogenic or acute toxicity effects. Among the types of fungal toxins, aflatoxins are known as a potential cause of liver cancer and affect the body's MoreFungal toxins (mycotoxins) are a group of secondary metabolites of fungi that have different mutagenic, carcinogenic, estrogenic or acute toxicity effects. Among the types of fungal toxins, aflatoxins are known as a potential cause of liver cancer and affect the body's immune system. Aflatoxin M1 is found in the milk of animals fed with feed contaminated with aflatoxin B1. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the presence and amount of aflatoxin M1 in pasteurized curd and dry curd consumed in the cities of Isfahan province in Iran. In this research, the amount of aflatoxin M1 in pasteurized curd and dry traditional curd was investigated, and for this purpose, ELISA method was used. According to the obtained results, the average minimum and maximum concentration of aflatoxin M1 in dry curd samples is 0.210±0.020 ppb and 0.66±0.02 ppb, respectively. Also, the average minimum and maximum concentration of aflatoxin M1 in pasteurized curd samples is 0.2±0.02 ppb and 0.65±0.02 ppb, respectively. The analysis of the obtained results showed that 30% of the samples studied in this research had pollution exceeding the permissible limit. Considering the high consumption of curd and other dairy products in our country, more attention should be paid to the control and monitoring of dairy production and consumption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Determination of Aflatoxin M1 in Raw Milk Produced in Qazvin Province By ELISA and HPLC
Reza Norian Ali Reza Pourfarzaneh Faramarz MashatianAbstract Use of raw milk and dairy products containing aflatoxin M1 has led to concern in consumers. The aim of this study was to determine the aflatoxin M1 in raw cow milk in Qazvin Province. In this research, 170 raw cow milk were collected from dairy farm, dairy fac MoreAbstract Use of raw milk and dairy products containing aflatoxin M1 has led to concern in consumers. The aim of this study was to determine the aflatoxin M1 in raw cow milk in Qazvin Province. In this research, 170 raw cow milk were collected from dairy farm, dairy factories, milk collection centers and milk supply centers in Qazvin Province during winter 2013. The samples were analyzed with a commercial competitive enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA) kit and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the samples with aflatoxin higher than 0.5 ng/ml. Statistical tests including ANOVA and Tukey were used to analyze the data. Aflatoxin M1 contamination was observed in 100% of the milk samples. Among the milk samples (33.52%) had a contamination of aflatoxin M1, higher than threshold level of The Institute of Standards & Industrial Research of Iran (0.5 ppb), while in 66.48%, concentration of aflatoxin M1 was less than the limits permitted. The mean concentration of aflatoxin in dairy farm was 0.215 ng/ml, in dairy factories was 0.268 ng/ml, in milk collection centers was 0.734 ng/ml and in milk supply centers was 0.409 ng/ml. Due to high level of contamination observed in samples, regular monitoring of production and distribution of milk and dairy products is necessary. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Investigation of the level of aflatoxin M1 in milk samples of Gilan dairy factories using ELISA
Mahmood Najafian Bahareh NajafianAflatoxin M1 is a metabolite of aflatoxin B1 that is found in milk when lacteal animals are fed with contaminated feedstuff. The presence of aflatoxin M1 causes major disorders in humans, including immunosuppressive, mutagenic, teratogenic and carcinogenic effects. The MoreAflatoxin M1 is a metabolite of aflatoxin B1 that is found in milk when lacteal animals are fed with contaminated feedstuff. The presence of aflatoxin M1 causes major disorders in humans, including immunosuppressive, mutagenic, teratogenic and carcinogenic effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in milk of dairy factories of Gilan using ELISA. In this study, totally 100 sample milk were collected in different seasons (5 times in each season) from five dairy factories in Gilan province, randomly. Then samples were examined for the presence of aflatoxin M1 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Totally 11 samples (11%) showed contamination less than the limit level of codex (50 ng/l). Winter samples with an average of 138 ng/l and summer samples with an average 70.92 ng/l had the most and the least amount of contamination, respectively. Factories B and D with yearly average of 135.15 and 60.90 ng/l had the most and the least amount of contamination, respectively. Due to contamination of 89 % of milk samples with high levels of this toxin, and since this contamination can lead to public health problems, it looks necessary a routine serial control of milk and its products. Furthermore, control of foods from mold pollution is the best protection method for prevention of milk from pollution with aflatoxins. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Molecular identification of Escherichia coli K99 and evaluation of the serum antibody titer in laboratory animals
Faezeh Farhani Yahya Tahamtan Mohammad KargarBackground & Objectives: Escherichia coli is one of the primary etiologic agents for diarrhoea in neonatal calves, and the maternal immunization is an effective protection for the neonates because of feeding with colostrum. This study was aimed to molecular detectio MoreBackground & Objectives: Escherichia coli is one of the primary etiologic agents for diarrhoea in neonatal calves, and the maternal immunization is an effective protection for the neonates because of feeding with colostrum. This study was aimed to molecular detection of E. coli K99 and evaluation of the serum antibody titers in laboratory animals. Materials & Methods: This study was experimentally carried out on rat to detect the marker genes. First, a Multiplex PCR was applied to detect the Sta, F41 and K99 pathogenic genes. Following growth of E. coli K99 bacteria into Minca broth, the bacteria were inactivated by 0.4% formaldehyde. The antigen was prepared after washing with PBS and centrifugation. The rats were subcutaneously inoculated with inactivated antigen with 107 and 109 CFU/ml in two groups. The control group was inoculated with a suspension containing all ingredients except for the antigen. Rat was allowed to nurse immediately after injection, and blood samples were taken for serum titration for 8 weeks. Results: An increase in the titer of serum antibody was seen after four weeks, and it continued after seven weeks. The antibody titration of rate was significantly higher in the immunized rat group than in the control group. We found good correlation in two groups. There is a grateful increase in antibody titer in group 2 (received 109 CFU/ml antigen) than in group 1 (received 107 CFU/ml antigen), but decreasing rate in the both groups were the same. Conclusion: These findings indicate that the use of killed antigen with high titer preparation containing sufficient antigen and may provide passive protection in animals. This resulted in by stimulation of immune cell due to high dose antigen. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Determination of the prevalence of HBV infections in Shahrekord jail prisoners by EIA method
Farshid Paiedar Elahe TajbakhshBackground and Objectives: Viral infections like hepatitis type B virus (HBV) is one of the main causes of blood born microbial complications in high risk groups especially jail prisoners with or without drug addiction. However, in this research the prevalence of HBV in MoreBackground and Objectives: Viral infections like hepatitis type B virus (HBV) is one of the main causes of blood born microbial complications in high risk groups especially jail prisoners with or without drug addiction. However, in this research the prevalence of HBV infections and also the possible role of different risk factors in HBV presentation were studied in Sharekord jail prisoners. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, the blood samples of 600 jail prisoners were collected and their plasma were isolated and stored in -20°C. The prevalence of HBsAg was determined by a third generation ELISA method in these collected samples. Also the possible role of different HBV risk factors like: sex, marriage, history of injected or un-injected drug addiction, prisoner ship history, history of tattooing, transfusion of blood and blood products, unethical sex relationship, and the knowledge of prisoners from the route of HBV transmission were statically analyzed by SPSS and Instat soft wares. Results: HBsAg was detected in 90 of 600(15%) jail prisoners. Also the relationship of HBV infection with multiple risk factors including: sex, marriage, history of injected or uninjected drug addiction, prisoner ship history, history of tattooing, transfusion of blood and blood products, unethical sex relationship, and the knowledge of prisoners from the route of HBV transmission were as follow: 14.66%, 9.5%, 7.34%, 3.17%, 4.66%, 4.0%, 1.16%, 1.0%, and 8.66%. Significant associations were not detected between HBV infections with history of drug addiction and types of drug addiction, prisoner ship history, unethical sex relationship and knowledge of prisoners from the route of HBV transmission. But significant associations were detected between HBV infections with tattooing and transfusion of blood and blood products. Conclusion: Detection of significant associations between HBV infections with tattooing and transfusion of blood and blood products and insignificant associations between HBV infections with different HBV risk factors and also diagnosis of different prevalence of HBsAg, announced the need of completed study in other jail populations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Comparison of bacterial culture, ELISA and PCR techniques for detection of salmonella in poultry meat samples collected from Tehran
Mohsen Hosseinpour Azar Sabokbar Amir Bakhtiari Shahnaz Parsa -
Open Access Article
66 - Immunization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa alginate - conjugated to diphteria toxoid in mice
Ghazaleh Jaberi Reza Shapouri Ashraf KariminikBackground and Objectives: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most important infectious agent in medicine. These bacteria cause several infections especially in the patient with high degrees of burns and in immunodeficiency cases. The purpose of this study was providi MoreBackground and Objectives: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most important infectious agent in medicine. These bacteria cause several infections especially in the patient with high degrees of burns and in immunodeficiency cases. The purpose of this study was providing conjugated antigen component that can induct production of antibody and memory immune in mouse model against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Materials and Methods: After culturing P. aeruginosa strain PAO1 and extraction of alginate, Diphteria toxoid, ADH and EDAC were added as protein carrier, spacer and linker, respectively to the alginate. After passing the Alginate diphtheria toxoid conjugated (ALG-DT) through chromatography column (CL-2B), its quality was checked to get the quality control label. The prepared antigens were intraperitoneally injected to BALB/c mice (10µg/ml/mouse) for three times once each two weeks. Blood sampling was performed after two weeks of each injection and the levels of serum IgG, IgA and IgM were measured by ELISA. Results: The titer of serum antibodies of vaccinated group with ALG-DT increased significantly after each injection. The levels of serum IgG, IgM and IgA against alginate in vaccinated group was significantly more than the control groups, and after third injection reached to 3.5, 1.7 and 1.2 times increases, respectively. Conclusion: The increases in the levels of antibodies in vaccinated groups are an indicator of activation of T-cells and memory cells. As a result, the conjugated alginate-diphtheria toxoid can be appropriate candidates for production of vaccine. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Comparison the level of Aflatoxin in different varieties of internal and imported rice in different collection seasons and effect of cooking methods on the level of toxins
Mahmood NajafianBackground and Objectives: Nowadays, rice is the foodstuff for half the populations, worldwide. Rice is exposed to fungal and aflatoxin contaminations like other cereal. This study was aimed to investigate and to compare the amount of aflatoxin in rice samples in Rasht MoreBackground and Objectives: Nowadays, rice is the foodstuff for half the populations, worldwide. Rice is exposed to fungal and aflatoxin contaminations like other cereal. This study was aimed to investigate and to compare the amount of aflatoxin in rice samples in Rasht city and effects of cooking on the level of toxin. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 72 samples of consumed rice from domestic and imported productions bought from six stores in Rasht city in both summer and winter. At first aflatoxin was extracted using 80% methanol in three different types of samples including raw, boiled and water cooked. Then aflatoxin content was determined in each sample using the ELISA technique. Results: Domestic samples were less contaminated than imported ones. Samples collected in the summer were less contaminated than winter. Also, in all cases, the cooked rice was less contaminated than seen in raw rice. This reduction rate of contamination was more effective in cooked water rice than in boiled. Conclusion: The results showed that all rice was contaminated in different levels. Therefore the needs for constant control and supervision over the contamination of rice must be considered. Since the contamination rate of imported rice was more than domestic one, for the purpose of reduction imported rice, the basic steps in order to increase domestic production of rice should be supported. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - بررسی اثرات لوامیزول هیدروکلراید بر پاسخ ایمنی هومورال جوجه های گوشتی واکسینه شده علیه بیماری بورس عفونی
ارژنگ مختارزاده مهدی رضائیبیماری بورس عفونی (IBD) به عنوان یکی از عوامل تضعیف کننده سیستم ایمنی است که خسارت اقتصادی شدید به صنعت طیور وارد می کند. هدف از این مطالعه، بررسی اثرات تحریکی و تقویتی لوامیزول هیدروکلراید بر سیستم ایمنی جوجه های گوشتی واکسینه شده بر علیه بیماری بورس Moreبیماری بورس عفونی (IBD) به عنوان یکی از عوامل تضعیف کننده سیستم ایمنی است که خسارت اقتصادی شدید به صنعت طیور وارد می کند. هدف از این مطالعه، بررسی اثرات تحریکی و تقویتی لوامیزول هیدروکلراید بر سیستم ایمنی جوجه های گوشتی واکسینه شده بر علیه بیماری بورس عفونی می باشد. تعداد 108 قطعه جوجه یک روزه (Ross308) به سه گروه با در نظر گرفتن 18 جوجه در هر گروه، تقسیم شدند. گروه اول، لوامیزول هیدروکلراید خوراکی از روز اول تا پایان دوره پرورش و گروه دوم، لوامیزول هیدروکلراید خوراکی همزمان با واکسن بیماری بورس عفونی از روز 19 تا پایان دوره پرورش تجویز شد. گروه سوم (شاهد) هیچ دارویی مصرف نکردند. نمونه خون از هر گروه در روز 29 و 40 برای تست الایزا و درصد لنفوسیت‌های خون گرفته شد. نتایج آماری بیانگر تفاوت معنی داری تاثیر داروی لوامیزول هیدروکلراید در گروه اول و دوم در قیاس با گروه کنترل بود (0/05<P). وزن بورس کلواکی و طحال در گروه های مورد مطالعه نسبت به گروه کنترل در پایان دوره افزایش یافت. با توجه به نتایج، می توان نتیجه گرفت که لوامیزول هیدروکلراید می تواند اثر ایمنی واکسن IBD را تقویت کند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Serological survey of Toxoplasma gondii in female Markhoz goats of Saqqez district, Kurdistan
Ghazaaleh Adhami Aram ParviziBackground & Purpose: Toxoplasma gondii is a meat-borne zoonotic parasitic protozoan that causes congenital infection, miscarriage, and stillbirth in the human and animals. Goat is an important resource of meat production in Kurdistan Province, and the consumption o MoreBackground & Purpose: Toxoplasma gondii is a meat-borne zoonotic parasitic protozoan that causes congenital infection, miscarriage, and stillbirth in the human and animals. Goat is an important resource of meat production in Kurdistan Province, and the consumption of its raw or half-cooked meat is a major risk factor for infection with Toxoplasma. The present study aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in Markhoz goats of Saqqez City of Kurdistan province in western Iran.Materials & Methods: In a cross-sectional study, we utilized 188 serum specimens ( 144 serum samples belonging to goats with a history of abortion and 44 samples belonging to goats without a history of abortion ) for the evaluation of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies by ELISA. 38 samples out of 188 serum specimens in the study were positive for Toxoplasma gondii using ELISA, and the infection rate of the goats was 20.2%.Results: Two (3.57%) out of 56 Markhoz goats under 2 years of age were positive for Toxoplasma infection and 36 (27.27%) out of 132 Markhoz goats over two years of age were positive for the infection. The statistical examination indicated significant relationships between the pollution and age groups (p<0.05). 36 (25%) out of 144 Markhoz goats with a history of abortion were positive for Toxoplasma infection, and 2 (4.54%) out of 44 goats without a history of abortion were positive for the infection. The statistical studies indicated a significant correlation between the rates of infection and abortion (p<0.05).Conclusion: Given the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Markhoz goats, we suggest providing information about prevention and control, refraining from eating uncooked or undercooked meat, and performing molecular studies. Manuscript profile
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