Comparison of immunochromatographic Kit and PCR for the Diagnosis of Canine Parvovirus

Subject Areas : Smal Animal Medicine

Morteza Razaghi Manesh ¹ , Reza Naghiha Najafabadi ² , ُSina Bahari Behbahani ³ , shaqayeq qannad ⁴ , Aida Sharifian ⁵

1 - Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Shushtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shushtar, Iran
2 - Associate Professor, department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Yasuj, Iran
3 - Graduate of Doctor of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Shushtar Branch, Iran
4 - Doctor of Veterinary Medicine Student, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shushtar Azad University , Shushtar , Iran
5 - Doctor of Veterinary Medicine Student, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shushtar Azad University , Shushtar , Iran

Received: 2025-04-24 Accepted : 2025-04-25 Published : 2025-05-08

Keywords: Parvovirus, ELISA, PCR, Dog,

Abstract :

Canine parvovirus (CPV) is a highly contagious viral infection that primarily causes acute gastroenteritis in puppies, with the highest incidence observed in dogs aged 6 weeks to 6 months. Due to its high mortality rate, selecting an accurate diagnostic method is essential for effective disease management. This study aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of the immunochromatographic rapid test and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detecting CPV. The study was conducted in the fall of 2021 in veterinary clinics in Karaj, Iran. Samples were collected from suspected cases presenting with clinical signs such as diarrhea, vomiting, and lethargy. Initially, an ELISA-based rapid test was used to detect CPV2a and CPV2b. Regardless of the rapid test results, blood and fecal samples were collected and examined by PCR. Results showed that 34.28% of samples were positive using the rapid test, while 42.85% tested positive by PCR, indicating the higher sensitivity of PCR. The true positive detection rate of the rapid test was 67.16%. Infection was more prevalent in male dogs (57.28%) compared to females (29.14%). Among mixed-breed dogs, the infection rate was 29.4%, and among purebred dogs, it was 28.27%. In dogs presenting with both diarrhea and vomiting, 14.57% of cases were recorded, with 29.34% testing positive via PCR. Based on these findings, PCR is recommended as a more accurate and sensitive method for diagnosing CPV in suspected cases, enabling timely and effective treatment.

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