Liver

Open Access Article

1 - The association of dietary acid load with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among Iranian adults
Pegah Rahbarinejad Maryam Mohamadi Narab

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Open Access Article

2 - Segmentation of CT images of the liver with radiology based on the water-based algorithm
Mohsen AghataheriKhozani Fataneh Taghizadeh-Farahmand

Purpose: The purpose of the present study is to segment the CT images of the liver with radiology based on the watershed algorithm. Materials and methods: In this study, a semi-automated method for dividing liver tumors using CT scan images has been presented. First, t More

Purpose: The purpose of the present study is to segment the CT images of the liver with radiology based on the watershed algorithm. Materials and methods: In this study, a semi-automated method for dividing liver tumors using CT scan images has been presented. First, the tumor and liver tissue is determined by the user with point selection. Then, with the help of Abpakhshan method, the three-dimensional morphology of the primary points in the tumor and liver are determined. Then, estimation of tumor and liver tissue labels is done with the method of propagation of dependent constraints. By taking the distance between the obtained labels, the tumor boundary is obtained, and finally, the final boundaries of the tumor are determined by using the edge detector. Findings: Changes in the number of initial points have little effect on the output results. In the CAP method, considering that the data estimation is done using the sampled points and estimates around these points, with any number of initial samples, the CAP method is able to produce the final results, which shows the high power of the CAP method in It is an estimate of the data. Conclusion: The use of the watershed algorithm improves the segmentation of CT images of the liver with radiology. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Arq ajwain protects nonalcoholic fatty liver disease on high-fat diet-induced obese rat
Md Rafiul Haque Md Afroz Ahmad Kamran Ashraf Md Habban Akhter Mohammad Jameel Abuzer Ali Wasim Akhtar Monika Dhaka Kavita Rana

10.30495/tpr.2021.1940654.1221

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Open Access Article

4 - The EffectOf an Endurance Training Period on Plasma Alanine Aminotransferase Level in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty LiverDisease
Elham Karami Mehdi Reza Gholi Zadeh Hasan Ahanghar Khalil Mahmoodi

Inroduction and Objective: The purpose of current research is to study effect of a selected endurance training period on alanineaminotransferase (ALT) of plasma in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liverdisease (NAFLD).Materials and Methods: So 20 subjects (10 males and More

Inroduction and Objective: The purpose of current research is to study effect of a selected endurance training period on alanineaminotransferase (ALT) of plasma in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liverdisease (NAFLD).Materials and Methods: So 20 subjects (10 males and 10 females) were grouped randomly to 10 people experimental group and 10 people control group. The experimental subjects participated in 12 week endurance training (3 day a week, each session 45 minute and at 60% maximal heart rate) despite of control group. Blood sampling was done before and after 12 week period in order to measure plasma ALT using the colorimetric method. Data were analyzed using dependent and independent paired t-tests at significance level.Results: The results of research demonstrated that endurance training period cause significant reduction on ALT of plasma in experimental group, while that wasn't changed in control group.Conclusion:It was concluded that we can utilize to perform endurance training to reduce ALT of plasma in NAFLD and improve them. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - The Effect of Uinoa Extract on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Indices In Hamsters
MOHAMMAD REZA EBAD SICHANI PARNIA POURHADI elham Moghtadaiee khorasgani

Inroduction & Objective: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, which is on the rise worldwide, is one of the chronic liver injuries from steatosis to liver cirrhosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of quinoa extract on non-alcoholic fatty liver produc More

Inroduction & Objective: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, which is on the rise worldwide, is one of the chronic liver injuries from steatosis to liver cirrhosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of quinoa extract on non-alcoholic fatty liver produced by high fat diet in hamstersMaterial and Method: In this experimental study, 50 hamsters were randomly divided into two groups: high-fat diet (40 heads) and control group (10 heads). After 1 month of high fat diet, hamsters were divided into 4 groups of 10. This group used a high-fat diet, the other 3 groups that received the extract diet were divided into doses of 400, 200, 100 mg / kg and were treated with the extract for 2 months. At the end of liver histology, the activity of liver enzymes and lipid profile in serum were examined.Results: Elevated serum triglycerides and cholesterol were seen in hamsters fed a high-fat diet (p<0.05). Treatment with the extract in different doses did not cause significant biochemical changes except in triglyceride and cholesterol in laboratory results(p<0.05). Histopathological results also confirmed the positive effects of quinoa extract treatment.Conclusion: Eating a high-fat diet led to fatty liver disease, which treatment with quinoa seed extract improved the symptoms of this disease. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Evaluation of metalloproteinases MMP2 and MMP9 expression in liver of male wistar rats exposure to Lead and N-acetylcysteine
Najmeh Ranji Hadi Habibollahi Reihaneh Kochakinegad Eisa Vefghi Mohammad Mahdi Jafarzadeh

Background & Aim: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) as MMP2 and MMP9 degrade extracellular matrix. Lead (Pb) is a well-known environmental contaminant which could impair the activity of MMPs. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of N-acetylcysteine, as an More

Background & Aim: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) as MMP2 and MMP9 degrade extracellular matrix. Lead (Pb) is a well-known environmental contaminant which could impair the activity of MMPs. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of N-acetylcysteine, as an antioxidant, on the expression of MMP2 and MMP9 genes in the liver of rats exposed with Pb. Materials & Methods: In this study, the 30 male rats were randomly divided into five groups(n=6): 1) control, 2) acute dose of Pb (70 mg/kg), 3) acute dose of Pb (70 mg/kg) + continuous administration of NAC (50 mg/kg), 4) chronic dose of Pb (2 mg/kg), and 5) chronic dose of Pb (2 mg/kg) + continuous administration of NAC (50 mg/kg). Acute dose of Pb was administrated on the first day of study and chronic dose of Pb and Continuous administration of NAC was used every day for 4 weeks as gavage. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was used to study histopathological changes. The expression of MMP2 and MMP9 genes was evaluated using Quantitative RT-PCR Results: In the liver of rats exposed with Lead (Pb) especially at chronic dose, was observed structural abnormality and increased inflammatory. Q-RT-PCR analysis showed the expression of MMP2a and MMP9 genes increased in Pb exposed liver and decreased in NAC administrated liver after Pb exposure. Conclusion: Our results suggest that NAC can protect the liver of rats through downregulation of metalloproteinases after Pb exposure and decrease inflammation and tissue damage. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Evaluation of serum biochemical profile using black radish (Raphanus sativus) in mice
Seyedeh Ommolbanin Ghasemian Maryam Maryam Karimi-Dehkord Ali Maddahi nejad Hooman Yousefi

Background & Aim: Considering the presence of active compounds in black horseradish, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of black radish on liver and kidney function in small laboratory mice. Materials & Methods: In this study, 40 s More

Background & Aim: Considering the presence of active compounds in black horseradish, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of black radish on liver and kidney function in small laboratory mice. Materials & Methods: In this study, 40 small laboratory mice were randomly divided into four groups of control and experimental groups (50, 100, and 150 mg/ml black radish extract). Intraperitoneal injection of hydroalcoholic extract of black radish was performed in the experimental groups. On the 21st day, the mice were anesthetized and then blood sampling was done. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), triglyceride and cholesterol levels were compared between the groups. Results: The levels of BUN, creatinine, ALP, AST and ALT in the experimental groups were not significantly different from the control group (P>0.05). Treatment with horseradish extract led to a decrease in fat profiles in the experimental group compared to the control group. By increasing the dose of the extract, the amount of triglycerides decreased. This reduction was significant in the highest dose (150 mg/kg) (P<0.05). In addition, black radish extract led to a significant decrease in cholesterol in all three doses compared to the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate the absence of liver and kidney toxicity of the extract in the doses used in the study. It can also be said that in physiological conditions, the use of black horseradish hydroalcoholic extract reduces the fat profile Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - The effect of running on a Complex wheel running on beta-amyloid, blood neprilysin, hepatic expression of LRP1 and PPARγ in Alzheimer's model rats.
Nadia Tajevanchi rasoul asadi hashemkandi رقیه پوزش فرزاد زهساز Karim azali

Background & Aim: Exercise and physical activity can play an effective role in delaying Alzheimer's. Multiple molecular mechanisms are activated by different physical activities that reduce dementia indices. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of run More

Background & Aim: Exercise and physical activity can play an effective role in delaying Alzheimer's. Multiple molecular mechanisms are activated by different physical activities that reduce dementia indices. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of running on a Complex wheel running on beta-amyloid, blood neprilysin, and liver expression of LRP1 and PPARγ in Alzheimer's disease model rats. Materials & Methods: 24 rats were randomly selected and divided into three groups: healthy control, Alzheimer's control group, and Alzheimer's + complex spinning wheel training group. The training group performed 12 weeks of training and the control group was kept in a cage for 12 weeks and did not participate in any training. The rats were trained on a Complex wheel running for 12 weeks, and at the end of the 12th week, the rats were diagnosed with Alzheimer's and shuttle box tests were used to ensure the induction of Alzheimer's disease. In this research, in order to investigate liver changes, the mentioned variables were investigated by ELISA method. In order to analyze the data, one-way analysis of variance test was used. Results: The results showed that there is no significant difference between beta-amyloid and liver LRP1 expression of Alzheimer's control group rats and beta-amyloid and liver LRP1 expression of rats in the Complex wheel running training group. However, there is a significant difference between blood neprilysin of PPARγ rats in the control Alzheimer's group and neprilysin blood and PPARγ of rats in the complex wheel training group. Conclusion: Using physical activity can improve blood neprilysin and PPARγ in rats, but the improvement of beta-amyloid and liver LRP1 expression requires more research. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - The effect of incremental aerobic exercise after injection of bone marrow-derived stem cells on some indicators of oxidative stress and inflammatory of liver tissue in rats model of fatty liver
hamed Namdar Seyed Abdollah Hashemvarzi Abdorreza Jafari Chashmi

10.30495/nssem.2024.2001663.1018

Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is one of the most common liver diseases of this century, which is associated with changes in inflammatory cytokines and increased oxidative stress.The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of an increasin More

Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is one of the most common liver diseases of this century, which is associated with changes in inflammatory cytokines and increased oxidative stress.The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of an increasing aerobic exercise period after bone marrow stem cell injection on some indicators of oxidative and inflammatory stress of liver tissue in rats model of fatty liver. Methods: 60 adult male Wistar rats were divided into two main groups: control (6 rats) and patients with fatty liver (54 rats). The control group used standard rodent food for 6 weeks, while the animals in the diseased groups used high-fat food to induce fatty liver disease. At the end of the sixth week, to confirm the development of fatty liver disease, blood was randomly drawn from the tails of 3 mice and ALT and AST enzymes were measured. Then the animals of the patient group were randomly divided into 5 groups: Saline, Fatty liver, Exercise, Cell, Exercise + Cell. About 105 cells in 2 microliters of medium were injected into the cell receiving groups for each rat through the tail vein. The training program consisted of 8 weeks of incremental treadmill running.Results: The levels of CAT and SOD increased in the treated groups, but the level of the inflammatory index TNF-α decreased, but these changes were significant only in the groups of exercise and exercise + cells compared to the fatty liver group.Conclusion: Incremental aerobic training after the injection of bone marrow-derived stem cells increased the antioxidant levels of CAT and SOD and decreased the inflammatory index of TNF-α in mice with fatty liver. Therefore, it seems that this method can improve liver condition and be considered as a therapeutic solution. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - The effect of eight weeks of HIIT and N-chromosome royal jelly on liver enzymes and insulin resistance index in type 2 diabetic obese rats
sahar Riasati Hossein Abednatanzi Mandana Gholami

Background & Aim: Type 2 diabetes is the most common endocrine disease that occurs due to glucose intolerance due to imbalance between reserves and insulin demand, which leads to be changes in liver enzymes with structural and functional changes in the liver. The aim of More

Background & Aim: Type 2 diabetes is the most common endocrine disease that occurs due to glucose intolerance due to imbalance between reserves and insulin demand, which leads to be changes in liver enzymes with structural and functional changes in the liver. The aim of this study was to study changes in liver enzymes and insulin resistance index after HIIT and royal jelly in obese rats with type 2 diabetes. Materials & Methods: The statistical sample of the present study was 36 obese male rats with an average weight of 409 gr. After 20 weeks of high-fat diet, rats became diabetic by intraperitoneal injection of 25 mg/kg STZ body weight. Mice with fasting glucose between 150 and 400 mg /dl were considered to have type 2 diabetes. Diabetic rat in 4 groups of control (N=6), HIIT (N=8), royal gel (N=7), HIIT& Royal gel (N=8) group done and Accomplished Eight weeks of HIIT, 5d/w with intense 2-minute intervals of 80 to 90% VO2max and one-minute rest intervals with 50 to 56% VO2max. Royal jelly was given by gavage at the rate of 100 mg / kg 5 days a week. At the end of the protocol, blood samples were taken and liver enzymes and glucose were measured using an auto-analyzer and insulin was measured using a laboratory kit and analyzed using one-way and two-way analysis of variance and post hoc test. Results: showed that in comparison with the control group, HIIT led to a significant decrease in glucose and insulin resistance index and intermittent exercise resulted in a decrease in liver enzymes ALT, AST and ALP compared to the control group. The ALP decrease was significant (P = 0.001). Conclusion: It seems that HIIT and consumption of royal jelly can help reduce liver enzymes and improve liver status in rats. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Association between biochemical parameters and pathological findings in the diagnosis of fatty liver in dairy cows
Mehran Shojaei shahin Nejat maryam karimi dehkordi Abdolrasool Namjoo

The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of some serum parameters in the diagnosis of fatty liver in cattle with special attention to its degree and to determine the best cut point of these parameters in order to predict the occurrence of fatty liver. Blood More

The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of some serum parameters in the diagnosis of fatty liver in cattle with special attention to its degree and to determine the best cut point of these parameters in order to predict the occurrence of fatty liver. Blood and liver samples of 28 cows were taken at the time of slaughter. Serum concentrations of liver enzymes, bilirubin, protein, and lipid profile were determined and the ratio of blood lipids to HDL was calculated. BCS and age of the cows were also recorded. ROC statistical model was used to determine critical thresholds for fatty liver prediction. As the severity of fatty liver increases, AST, GGT, cholesterol and HDL increases, and these can be used as a biomarker to identify severe and mild fatty liver. Also, the severity of the disease increases as the BCS decreases and age increases. ROC analysis showed that AST, GGT, protein, cholesterol to HDL, BCS and age are suitable for predicting the disease. The best cut-off point for predicting fatty liver was suggested as 55.05 IU/L for AST, 14 U/L for GGT, 6.55 mg/dl for total protein and 3.18 for cholesterol to HDL ratio. The best cut point for BCS and age was 4.25 and 6.5 years, respectively. The result showed that measurement of liver enzymes and lipid profile is of acceptable diagnostic importance in determining the degree of fatty liver in cows in field conditions and can be a suitable method to replace liver biopsy. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Evaluation of the correlation between serum levels of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), total bilirubin (TB) and glucose (Gluc) and prevalence of fatty liver syndrome based on uterine status in dairy cattle of Tabriz province
A.P Reazei Saber

Fatty liver is major metabolic disorder that affects approximately half of multiparous dairy cows mildly or severely in early lactation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the frequency of fatty liver syndrome by measuring the serum levels of NEFA, TB and Gluc in More

Fatty liver is major metabolic disorder that affects approximately half of multiparous dairy cows mildly or severely in early lactation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the frequency of fatty liver syndrome by measuring the serum levels of NEFA, TB and Gluc in dairy cattle of Tabriz province. For this propose, 400 blood samples were collected from cattle. The sampled cows were divided into four groups according to their pregnancy status: 1-8 months pregnant, 8-9 months pregnant, less than a month after parturition and more than a month after parturition. Serum levels of NEFA, TB and Gluc were measured spectrophotometrically. In this survey, serum NEFA levels were significantly different between the four treatment groups (p<0.001).  Also it was noticed that serum NEFA concentration was significantly higher (p<0.001) during the first month of parturition (1125.58±123.60 mEq/L). Also, serum TB and Gluc levels were significantly different between the four treatment groups (p<0.001) during the first month of parturition. The results also showed that with increase in levels of serum NEFA in four treatments groups, serum levels of TB was increased and serum levels of Gluc was decreased (p<0.001). The results also indicated that among the cows studied, fatty liver syndrome is prevalent especially in the first month after parturition. There was no significant correlation between serum NEFA levels and age of the cows (p>0.05). Manuscript profile

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13 - Effect of ethanolic extract of Crocus sativus L. (Saffron) stigma on serum levels of functional liver markers and hepatic tissue injury in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
محمد Rahbani داریوش Mohajeri علی Rezaie عادل Rezaei Moghadam

In this study, protective effects of saffron against biochemical and histopathological changes of liver were assessed in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of 10 animals each, including Group 1, healthy contr More

In this study, protective effects of saffron against biochemical and histopathological changes of liver were assessed in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of 10 animals each, including Group 1, healthy control; Group 2 healthy rats treated with saffron extract; Group 3, diabetics and Group 4, diabetics treated with saffron extract. For induction of diabetes, single dose of streptozotocin (75 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally. From the beginning of experiment, the extract was injected daily at a dose of 40 mg/kg b.w. by intraperitoneal route for 8 weeks. Control groups received normal saline in similar manner. At the end of experiment, serum biomarkers of liver tissue injury and histological changes of hepatic tissues were evaluated. In diabetic rats, serum levels of functional liver markers were found to be significantly increased as compared to control group (p<0.05), while this markers in diabetic rats treated with saffron extract  significantly decreased as compared to diabetic rats. Histopathological findings were in consistent with biochemical results. The results obtained showed that ethanolic extract of saffron has hepatoprotective activity against diabetic hepatopathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - The Effect of Two Types of Continuous and Interval Training on Fatty Liver Markers in Women with Type 2 Diabetes
Nafiseh Ghannadzadeh Bahram Abedi

10.30495/varzesh.2021.1926477.1013

Introduction: Fatty liver is recognized as a pathophysiological condition in people with type 2 diabetes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of exercise (intermittent and periodic) training on new markers of fatty liver in women with type 2 diabe More

Introduction: Fatty liver is recognized as a pathophysiological condition in people with type 2 diabetes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of exercise (intermittent and periodic) training on new markers of fatty liver in women with type 2 diabetes in Kashan.Materials and methods: Thirty women with type 2 diabetes were randomly divided into three groups: periodic exercise (n= 10), continuous exercise (n= 10) and control group (n= 10). Experimental groups performed pre-specified exercises for 8 weeks. Blood samples were taken from three groups before and after 8 weeks of exercise protocol. Covariance analysis was used to test the research hypotheses. SPSS software was used for statistical analysis.Findings: The results of the present study showed that LAP and FLI decreased significantly after continuous and intermittent training compared to the control group, although no significant change was observed in the HSI and FSI variables.Conclusion: The results showed that 8 weeks of continuous and intermittent exercise significantly decreased LAP and FLI in women with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, it is recommended to include a weekly exercise program in these patients. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - The effect of resistance training with different intensities on liver enzymes levels in patients with fatty liver: The case for Ahvaz disciplinary force staff
Abbas Khalili Masoud Nikbakht Mohsen Ghanbarzadeh Sedigheh Karampour

10.30495/varzesh.2022.1961184.1037

Introduction: Fatty liver disease is the most common cause of liver enzyme disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of resistance training with different intensities on liver enzymes levels in patients with fatty liver who were working as disciplinary More

Introduction: Fatty liver disease is the most common cause of liver enzyme disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of resistance training with different intensities on liver enzymes levels in patients with fatty liver who were working as disciplinary force staff in Ahvaz, Iran.Materials and methods: Participants in this study were patients with fatty liver in age range of 30-50 years who were working as disciplinary force staff in Ahvaz, Iran. Out of 200 patients diagnosed with fatty liver, 30 volunteers were selected and studied in this study. The participants were randomly divided into 3 groups of 10 subjects, including: 1. High-intensity resistance training 2. Moderate-intensity resistance training, and 3. Control group. Using blood sampling, the levels of AST, ALT and ALKp enzymes were measured in the laboratory at the beginning and end of 8 weeks of resistance training. Data normalization was performed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests. Also, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and LSD post hoc test were used to examine the differences between the three groups. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software version 18 at a significance level of 0.05 (α = 0.05).Findings: The results showed that high intensity resistance training had a significant effect on AST, ALT and ALKp enzymes (P ≤ 0.001). On the other hand, moderate intensity training had a significant effect on AST and ALT enzymes (P ≤ 0.001), while this type of training had no significant effect on ALKp levels (P ≤ 0.099). Conclusion: Both moderate and high intensity resistance training can improve AST, ALT and ALKp enzyme levels; however, high-intensity resistance training seems to play a more prominent part. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - The effect of eight weeks of resistance training after transplantation of stem cells derived from adipose tissue on some apoptotic and anti-apoptotic factors of heart tissue in non-alcoholic fatty liver model rats
Erfan Gholami Seyed Abdollah Hashemvarzi Seyedeh Yasaman Asadi

Introduction: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is one of the most common chronic hepatic diseases which may be associated with cardiovascular disease. The study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of eight weeks of resistance training after stem cell More

Introduction: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is one of the most common chronic hepatic diseases which may be associated with cardiovascular disease. The study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of eight weeks of resistance training after stem cell transplantation in fatty liver model rats. Methods: 36 rats were divided into two groups: control (6 rats) and patients with fatty liver (30 rats). The control group used standard food for 6 weeks, while the animals in the diseased groups used high-fat food to induce fatty liver disease. At the end of the sixth week, to confirm the development of fatty liver disease, blood was randomly drawn from the tails of 3 rats. Then the animals of the patient group were randomly divided into 5 groups Saline, Fatty liver, Exercise, Cell, Exercise + Cell. About 1.5 x 106 stem cells for each mouse were injected into the cell receiving groups through the tail vein. The training program consisted of 8 weeks of climbing the ladder. Results: The amounts of Bax and Bcl-2 of the heart tissue decreased and increased respectively in the treated groups compared to the patient group, but these changes were significant only in the exercise group and exercise + cells compared to the patient group. Conclusion: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is significantly associated with cardiac cell apoptosis. Resistance training after stem cell transplantation decreased the Bax and increased the Bcl-2 in heart tissue. Therefore, it seems that this method can be considered as a therapeutic solution. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - The Effect of Dusts on Liver Enzymes and Kidney Parameters of Serum in Male Rats in Khuzestan, Iran
Najmeh Soleimani Hassan Faridnouri Mohammadreza Dayer

10.22034/jchr.2020.1902789.1148

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18 - Hepatorenal-toxicities Accompanying Exposure to Indoor Air Pollutants in Chemical Storekeepers at an International Market
Francis Ugochukwu Madu Miracle Chinwenmeri Madu Adedeji Aderinola Adejumo

10.22034/jchr.2023.1971472.1637

Various activities in chemical stores such as production, packaging, repackaging, offloading, and storing of chemicals can emit toxic chemicals into the ambient air which may be detrimental to health. This research work aimed to determine whether or not there is hepatox More

Various activities in chemical stores such as production, packaging, repackaging, offloading, and storing of chemicals can emit toxic chemicals into the ambient air which may be detrimental to health. This research work aimed to determine whether or not there is hepatoxicity and nephrotoxicity in chemical storekeepers. A total of twenty male adult storekeepers of four chemical stores were used as subjects. Four male storekeepers of a garment store 1km from the chemical stores of the same market were used as control subjects. Heavy metals in the indoor air of the shops and the blood samples of the subjects were determined using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer while an aerocet analyzer was used for the measurement of particulate matter. Kidney and liver function tests were carried out on the serum of subjects using standard analytical test kits. Concentrations of all the assayed heavy metals in the ambient air of the chemical stores and the blood samples of chemical storekeepers were significantly higher (p<0.05) than in the controls. Particulate matter concentrations in all the chemical stores increased significantly (p<0.05). Serum urea, creatinine, sodium ion, potassium ion, chloride, and bicarbonate were significantly elevated (p<0.05) in the chemical storekeepers compared to control subjects. Concentrations of serum bilirubin and liver enzymes were significantly elevated (p<0.05) while total protein and albumin concentrations were significantly decreased (p<0.05) in the majority of the chemical storekeepers compared to the control subjects. There were strong indications of renal and hepato-toxicities in the chemical storekeepers at Ariaria International Market. Manuscript profile

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19 - Role of Oxidized Low-density Lipoprotein in Human Diseases: A Review
Israa Qusay Falih Mohammed A.H. Alobeady Shaima Rabeea Banoon Mohanad Yakdhan Saleh

10.22034/jchr.2021.684227

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20 - Comparing the Effects of Long-term Continuous and Interval Training on the Serum Levels of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Risk Factors in Elite Runners
Ardeshir Zafari Zahra Malekian Broomi Fatemeh Haji Ghorbanizadeh Tahereh Bagherpour Nematollah Nemati

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21 - Comparison of the Effects of Flaxseed and Nigella Sativa Oils on Liver Enzymes and Some of the Inflammatory Factors in Male Rats with non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver
Mozhgan Rahimi Seyed Ebrahim Hosseini Mohammad Amin edalatmanesh

Fatty liver is a common metabolic disorder affecting millions of people all over the world. Due to the side effects of most of the chemical drugs used to treat this disease, this study has been performed aiming to investigate the effect of flaxseed and N. sativa oils on More

Fatty liver is a common metabolic disorder affecting millions of people all over the world. Due to the side effects of most of the chemical drugs used to treat this disease, this study has been performed aiming to investigate the effect of flaxseed and N. sativa oils on serum levels of liver enzymes and some of the inflammatory factors in in male rats affected by non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this experimental study, 40 mature male rats were randomly assigned to 5 groups (8 rats in each group) include the control group (receiving no treatment), fatty liver (treated by fat emulsion), and the experimenta groups under 6-weeks by fat emulsion, and 28-day treatments by 0.75 ml/kg of flaxseed oil, 5 ml/kg of N. sativa oil, and the combined treatmnet of 0.75+ 5 ml/kg of flaxseed and N. sativa oils, respectively. At the end, after blood sampling and separation of the surface serum of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), BUN (blood urea nitrogen), creatinine, total protein, and interleukin 6 were measured.  Data analysis was done by ANOVA and Tukey tests. The results showed that iduction of fatty liver caused significant increase of interleukin-6, total protein, blood urea nitrogen, ALP, ALT, AST enzymes, and creatinine compared to the control group (P˂0.01); while the use of flaxseed and N. Sativa oils alone and their combination caused a significant decrease in the level of the above mentioend (P˂0.01). factors The results showed that N. sativa and flaxseed oils and their combination can decrease the inflammatory serum factors and liver damage caused by fatty liver disorder. Manuscript profile

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22 - Evaluation of the Effect of Harmaline on the Serum Level of Liver Index Enzymes in a Model of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver of Male NMRI Mice
Tannaz Kowsari Moghadam Hanieh Jafary Parichehreh Yaghmaei

10.22034/ascij.2021.684784

Right now, one of the most common liver disorders is fatty liver, on the rise in the world today due to the poor lifestyle of those suffering from it. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the active ingredient of Peganum harmala, harmaline, on serum le More

Right now, one of the most common liver disorders is fatty liver, on the rise in the world today due to the poor lifestyle of those suffering from it. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the active ingredient of Peganum harmala, harmaline, on serum levels of liver index enzymes in mice with non-alcoholic fatty liver. In this study, 40 adult male NMRI mice were divided into five groups of 8, including control, HFD, sham (HFD received distilled water, a harmaline solvent.), harmaline receiving 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg. Harmaline was injected intraperitoneally for four weeks. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lipid profile (cholesterol, LDL, and HDL) were measured to assess liver function. The activity of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in liver tissue were evaluated. Histological studies were performed using Hematoxylin-Eosin staining in liver tissue. Serum levels of ALT, AST, ALP, cholesterol, LDL were significantly decreased in the groups treated with harmaline and the levels of antioxidant enzymes catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and SOD were significantly increased in the treated groups. HDL levels increased significantly in harmaline-treated groups. The results indicated the antioxidant properties of harmaline, one of the most important alkaloids of Peganum harmala.. Manuscript profile

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23 - The Effect of a Period of High-intensity Interval Training on the Expression of Plasma Levels of AST and ALT Enzymes in the Cardiac Tissue of Wistar Rats with Fatty Liver
Elham Mirzaeyan Mania Roozbayani Hossein Shirvani

10.22034/ascij.2022.1966260.1419

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a kind of exercise training that is suggested for individuals with sufficient time for regular training.  This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a period of intense intermittent training on the expression of plasma lev More

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a kind of exercise training that is suggested for individuals with sufficient time for regular training.  This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a period of intense intermittent training on the expression of plasma levels of AST, and ALT enzyme in the cardiac tissue of male rats with fatty liver (steatosis model). The statistical sample consisted of 48 male Wistar rats (in2 healthy models with fatty liver) aged 5 weeks and weighing 200-250 and in the same conditions (12:12 darkness and light, temperature 22 ± 2 degrees Celsius (50-60%) humidity (51% humidity) were kept in cages. Gene expression was assessed using Real-timePCR and AST, and ALT enzyme was assessed using ZiestChem diagnostic kits. Data were analyzed by independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and Tukey's post hoc test, and the data were analyzed by SPSS software version 22. According to the results, the expression of ASTandALT enzymes in the rats of the patient group increased compared to the rats of the healthy group (p < 0.05), which according to the level of significance It was significant. It seems that a period of intense intermittent training affects the expression of plasma levels of ASTand ALT enzymes in the cardiac tissue of male rats with fatty liver (steatosis model) and can serve as a marker for the prevention and treatment of diseases. Use cardiovascular, fatty liver, obesity as well as diabetes. Keywords:, AST, ALT anzem, HIIT exercise Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

24 - Comparison the Effects of Vitamin E and Propolis on Interleukin-5 and STAT1 Gene Expression in Wistar Rats with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Saeede Baarforoush Maryam Bananaj Ramin Hajikhani Hengameh Alibeik

10.22034/ascij.2022.1953654.1371

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing health concern worldwide. Unfortunately, scientists have not succeeded in finding a suitable treatment method for this disease, and more research is needed. Studies have shown that treatment with antioxidants is effe More

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing health concern worldwide. Unfortunately, scientists have not succeeded in finding a suitable treatment method for this disease, and more research is needed. Studies have shown that treatment with antioxidants is effective in this disease. In this study, the effect of two different antioxidants on NAFLD induced in male Wistar rats was evaluated. This study was conducted on 32 male Wistar rats weighing 200 grams, which were randomly divided into four groups of eight. Mice were fed by gavage with high-fat emulsion at the rate of 2 mg/kg for 40 days. After suffering from fatty liver, the level of interleukin-5 (IL-5) in the serum was measured and also the expression level of STAT1 gene was determined using real-time PCR. The results showed that the level of serum IL-5 in the patient group significantly increased compared to the control group, and the treatment groups with vitamin E and propolis, significantly decreased the level of interleukin-5 compared to the patient group (p < 0.05). In addition, the greatest decrease was related to the propolis group (p < 0.05). On the other hand, the level of STAT1 gene expression in the fatty liver group is significantly increased compared to the control group (p < 0.05); Whereas, after treatment with antioxidants, the expression of this gene decreased (p < 0.05). Based on the obtained results, the use of propolis and also vitamin E as natural antioxidants by reducing the inflammatory interleukin and also reducing the expression of genes effective in the formation of NAFLD, have a promising therapeutic role in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

25 - Effect of endurance training on bile acid synthesis signaling pathway in rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Mehri Gholipour Najmeh Rezaeian Mohammad Karimi Sadegh Cheragh Birjandi

10.22034/ascij.2023.1977430.1455

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver dysfunction and one of the most important causes of death from chronic liver diseases. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of eight weeks of endurance training compared to resistance t More

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver dysfunction and one of the most important causes of death from chronic liver diseases. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of eight weeks of endurance training compared to resistance training on liver bile acids (BA), relative expression of farnesoid X receptor (FXR), fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF15), fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) and beta protein Klotho (KLB) in rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In this experimental study, 16 Wistar rats with an approximate weight of 120-160 grams, after induction of NAFLD conditions, with six weeks of high-fat diet were randomly divided into two equal groups (8 rats in each group), including; Control (C), endurance training (E). group E participated in an incremental treadmill exercise protocol with an intensity of 65% of maximal oxygen consumption and a frequency of 5 sessions per week. 48 hours after the last training session, the subjects were sacrificed and liver tissue and blood samples were taken to evaluate the research variables. Data were analyzed by using independent t-test. The findings showed that E training protocols led to a significant decrease in liver BA values (p = 0.0001). Also, in the E training group, a significant increase in the relative expression of FXR, FGF15, FGFR4 and KLB protein levels  was observed (p = 0.0001). In conclusion, it seems that endurance exercise can have positive effects on the variables involved in the signaling of bile acid synthesis. . Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

26 - The effect of taurine amino acid addition on performance, carcass characteristics, blood factors and liver enzymes in broilers
tahereh sandoghdar mehrdad irani Shahabodin Gharahveysi

This research was conducted in order to study the effect of taurine amino acid addition on performance, carcass characteristics, blood factors and liver enzymes in broilers. The experiment was conducted in 45 days in the form of a completely random design with 300 piece More

This research was conducted in order to study the effect of taurine amino acid addition on performance, carcass characteristics, blood factors and liver enzymes in broilers. The experiment was conducted in 45 days in the form of a completely random design with 300 pieces of one-day-old broilers of the Ras strain, including 4 treatments, 5 repetitions and 15 birds in each repetition with the same energy and protein diets with the same rearing conditions. The experimental treatments included: the first treatment (basic diet) and the second, third and fourth treatments respectively: the basic diet along with 1 g/kg taurine amino acid, 3 g/kg taurine amino acid and 6 g/kg taurine amino acid. The results showed that body weight gain, feed consumption and food conversion ratio were significant between the experimental treatments and the control treatment during the breeding period (P0.05). But numerically, a better performance was observed with the addition of taurine supplement to the diet in these enzymes. (P > 0.05). In general, the results of this experiment showed that adding 6 grams/kg of taurine amino acid leads to an improvement in the titer of blood parameters and liver enzymes without negatively affecting the performance and characteristics of the carcass. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

27 - Therapeutic Effect of Sitagliptin and Berberine Interaction on Fatty Liver and Hepatic GLUT4 Gene Expression in Diabetic Male Rats
Soraya Mehrdoost Parichehreh Yaghmaei Hanieh Jafari Azadeh Ebrahim-Habibi

10.22034/ascij.2023.1983993.1483

Fatty liver disease causes accumulation of excess fat in liver cells. Berberine has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, and Sitagliptin is a DPP-4 inhibitor that increases the function of incretin hormones. In this study biological activities of Berberine and More

Fatty liver disease causes accumulation of excess fat in liver cells. Berberine has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, and Sitagliptin is a DPP-4 inhibitor that increases the function of incretin hormones. In this study biological activities of Berberine and Sitagliptin for the treatment of fatty liver in diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats were investigated. The therapeutic effects of Sitagliptin and Berberine on fatty liver in diabetic rats by Alloxan injection with a single dose of 100 mg/kg were done with the following groups. Groups include 1: control (physiology serum as Alloxan solvent); 2: model (fatty liver + Alloxan); 3: Sitagliptin (fatty liver + Alloxan and Sitagliptin 10 mg/kg); 4: Berberine (fatty liver + Alloxan and Berberine 150mg/kg); 5: Berberine/Sitagliptin (fatty liver + Alloxan and Sitagliptin 5 mg/kg and Berberine 75 mg/kg). After the treatment, the liver tissue separated and weighed. Levels of Liver triglyceride, cholesterol and GLUT4 gene expression in liver tissue measured by real-time PCR method. The level of GLUT4 gene expression levels increased in the treatment groups compared to the model group, but a significant difference was seen only in the co-administration group with the model group (p < 0.05). There was a significant decrease in the amount of liver cholesterol in the treatment groups compared to the model group (p < 0.01). Hepatic triglyceride decreased in the treatment groups, but only in the co-administration group, a significant difference was seen with the model group (p < 0.05). Berberine and Sitagliptin, especially when prescribed together with the increased expression of GLUT4 and the reduction of liver cholesterol and triglycerides, have a favorable effect on lipid metabolism and can be considered as an effective treatment for hyperlipidemia and fatty liver. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

28 - Investigating the Interactive Effects of Berberine and Sitagliptin on Lipid Profile, Glucose and Insulin Levels in Diabetic Male Rats with Fatty Liver
Soraya Mehrdoost Parichehreh Yaghmaei Hanieh Jafary Azadeh Ebrahim-Habibi

10.22034/ascij.2023.1984961.1486

Hepatic insulin resistance is associated with NAFLD and it is a major factor in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Insulin resistance causes lipolysis in adipose tissue and disturbance in the regulation of lipid metabolism causes fat accumulatio More

Hepatic insulin resistance is associated with NAFLD and it is a major factor in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Insulin resistance causes lipolysis in adipose tissue and disturbance in the regulation of lipid metabolism causes fat accumulation in the liver. In this study, the biological activities of Berberine and Sitagliptin to improve insulin resistance and lipid profile in Sprague-Dawley rats with type 2 diabetes was investigated. groups include 1: control (physiological serum as an alloxan solvent); 2: model (fatty liver + Alloxan); 3: Sitagliptin (fatty liver + Alloxan and Sitagliptin 10 mg/kg); 4: Berberine (fatty liver + Alloxan and Berberine 150mg/kg); 5: Berberine/Sitagliptin (fatty liver + Alloxan and Sitagliptin 5 mg/kg and Berberine 75 mg/kg). At the end of the treatment period, under anesthesia, Blood sampling done from the heart and lipid profile, glucose and insulin measured. The amount of triglyceride (p < 0.01), cholesterol (p < 0.05), LDL (p < 0.01), FFA (p < 0.05), fasting glucose (p < 0.05) and insulin (p < 0.01) in the coadministration group decreased compared to the model group and HDL increased, which was not significant. Berberine and Sitagliptin, especially when administered together, have a favorable effect on lipid metabolism and insulin resistance and can be considered as an effective treatment regimen for hyperlipidemia and fatty liver.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

29 - Investigating the Destructive Effects of the Energizing Drug Oxymetholone on the Liver Tissue of NMRI Female Mice
Naeimeh Dehghani Hamed Danesh Pajooh

10.22034/ascij.2023.1995983.1532

Oxymetholone is an oral active anabolic-androgenic steroid. This drug was obtained in 1959 by methylating the 17α carbon and saturating the 5α carbon of testosterone. This drug in low doses are used to treat diseases such as; Anemia, lack of growth in children, reducing More

Oxymetholone is an oral active anabolic-androgenic steroid. This drug was obtained in 1959 by methylating the 17α carbon and saturating the 5α carbon of testosterone. This drug in low doses are used to treat diseases such as; Anemia, lack of growth in children, reducing the spread of the AIDS virus in the body and heart failure are used. Unfortunately; some athletes use this drug as an energy-boosting drug in high doses due to its anabolic properties and its effect on muscle growth. In this study, the effect of Oxymetholone in a dose much higher than the physiological limit of the body was investigated on the liver of NMRI female mice. For this purpose, 12 mg/kg/day of the drug was injected intraperitoneally to adult mice (45 days old) for ten days. The results obtained from intraperitoneal (IP) injection of oxymetholone on the number of Kupffer cells in the liver in adult rats (NMRI) show that the number of Kupffer cells increased, which is significant at P<0.001. Also, according to the histograms related to The number of liver hepatocyte cells, the diameter of liver hepatocyte cells and the number of double nuclei in the liver and the results obtained, it can be seen that there is no significant difference in the comparison between the sham, control and experimental groups at P<0.05. The results of the present study show that the consumption of oxymetholone steroids can cause harmful effects on the liver tissue of athletes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

30 - The Effect of Different Levels of Dietary Manganese on Antioxidant Activity, Liver Enzymes and Liver Histology in Reared Young Beluga (Huso huso)
Fatemeh Hemmati Hossein Khara Habib Vahabzadeh Roudsari Rezvanollah Kazemi

This research aims to determine the effect of different amounts of dietary manganese on antioxidant activity, liver enzymes and, liver tissue of rearing young beluga (Huso huso) from October to December 2022 at the Dr. Beheshti Reproduction and Genetic Stock Restoration More

This research aims to determine the effect of different amounts of dietary manganese on antioxidant activity, liver enzymes and, liver tissue of rearing young beluga (Huso huso) from October to December 2022 at the Dr. Beheshti Reproduction and Genetic Stock Restoration Center of Sturgeon in Rasht, Guilan province. For this study, 180 pieces of beluga with an average initial weight of 266 ± 3.05 grams underwent a two-week adaptation period in the breeding environment, in six treatment groups and each treatment with three repetitions, with concentrations of 5 (Mn1), 10 (Mn2), 15 (Mn3), 20 (Mn4) and 25 (Mn5) mg of manganese sulfate monohydrate (MnSO4H2O) per kilogram of food and control treatment (Mn0) without adding manganese sulfate supplement were carried out in two months. At the end of each month, three pieces of fish were selected from each repetition, blood was collected and their livers were sampled for histological studies. The results revealed a significant difference in catalase and glutathione peroxidase levels among the experimental treatments (p<0.05) and their maximum amount was the control treatment fish, while superoxide dismutase levels did not differ significantly (p<0.05). Among the liver enzymes, Alkaline-phosphatase and aspartate-aminotransferase had a significant difference between the control treatment and other experimental treatments (p<0.05), but the alanine-aminotransferase enzyme had no significant difference (p<0.05). Also, different forms of tissue damage were observed in the liver tissue of all treatments, even the control (atrophy, biliary stagnation, Fat degeneration and, cellular necrosis). Based on the results of this research, the levels of 10-15 mg of dietary manganese could improve antioxidant activities, liver enzymes and reduce liver tissue damage in breeding young beluga. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

31 - Effect of Zataria multiflora Boiss. Extract against Carbon Tetrachloride – induced Liver Damage in Adult Male Wistar rats
Zahra Taherkhani Akram Eidi Pejman Mortazavi

Thyme (Zataria Multiflora Boiss), belonging to the family Labiatae, is native to Iran and is used traditionally in food, especially in yogurt flavoring, as a stimulant, seasoning, and carminative. Very high medicinal properties of this plant were reported, such as antio More

Thyme (Zataria Multiflora Boiss), belonging to the family Labiatae, is native to Iran and is used traditionally in food, especially in yogurt flavoring, as a stimulant, seasoning, and carminative. Very high medicinal properties of this plant were reported, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activity. This research aimed to evaluate the protective effects of ethanolic extract of thyme against hepatic damage induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in adult male Wistar rats. 40 rats were randomly divided into 8 groups: group 1 as normal control, groups 2-4 only thyme extract (50, 100, 200 mg/kg, gavage), group 5 (liver damage) receiving CCl4 (5/ 0 ml/kg, intraperitoneally, twice a week) for 8 weeks and groups of 6 to 8 thyme extracts (50, 100, 200 mg/kg, gavage) together with CCl4 (0.5 ml/kg, intraperitoneally, twice a week). At the end of the experiment (28 days), serum sample were prepared and the liver was removed for enzyme tests. CCl4 alone increased the serum levels of ALT, AST and ALP. Also, CCl4 treatment significantly decreased the levels of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the liver. Thyme extract treatment significantly improved the above parameters. Therefore, the results showed that thyme extract is a potent antioxidant agent against CCl4-induced liver damage in rats. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

32 - Effect of Eight Weeks Resistance Training on Serum Levels of Hepatic Enzymes Including AST, ALT and ALP in Overweight Mens with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
S. Nejadsalim M. Gholami

The effect of different types of exercise training in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is unclear. Therefore, the aim of present study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks’ resistance training on serum levels of hepatic enzymes' inclu More

The effect of different types of exercise training in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is unclear. Therefore, the aim of present study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks’ resistance training on serum levels of hepatic enzymes' including AST, ALT and ALP in overweight men’s afflicted by NAFLD. For this purpose, 30 overweight men’s afflicted by NAFLD with average age 40.2 ± 2.5 and weight 75.5 ± 3.19 randomly divided in control (n=15) and resistance training (n=15) groups. Subjects in training group take part in resistance training program for eight weeks and three sessions per week. Training intensity increased from 40 percent of 1RM in first week to 70 percent of 1RM in last week. Blood samples collected in the end of research protocol and given variables measured in serum. Present study result analyzed by SPSS-24 software and using analyze covariance (ANCOVA) test. Results indicated that serum levels of AST (p= 0.024) and ALT (p= 0.006) significantly decreased in resistance training group, but changes in serum levels of ALP wasn’t significant (p= 0.096). Moreover, result indicated significant improvement of lipid profile in trained group (p= 0.001). According to present study result, positive effect of resistance training in patient with NAFLD may be exert by decreasing levels of hepatic enzyme and this training program can play effective role in modulating lipid profile in patient with NAFL. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

33 - Pathological study of confiscated livers of slaughtered cattle in Urmia Abattoir
Amir Amniattalab Reza Alizadeh

In this study, livers of 1286 cattle are inspected grossly during five months according to their color and consistency changes with referring to Urmia Abattoir. Among the inspected carcasses, livers of 110 cattle had lesions. The collected tissues samples of confiscated More

In this study, livers of 1286 cattle are inspected grossly during five months according to their color and consistency changes with referring to Urmia Abattoir. Among the inspected carcasses, livers of 110 cattle had lesions. The collected tissues samples of confiscated livers are placed in 10% buffered formalin as a fixative solution and are sent to pathology laboratory for preparation of tissue microscopic sections with a thickness of 6 μm. Pathologic sections are stained by haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and periodic acid schiff (PAS) methods. The most pathologic changes in cattle livers are fatty change (33.6%), congestion (27.3%), hepatitis and cholangitis (25.5%), and bile duct hyperplasia (39.3%) respectively. Results of this survey showed that there was a significance relation (p Manuscript profile

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