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Open Access Article
1 - Seed priming with cold plasma improved early growth, flowering, and protection of Cichorium intybus against selenium nanoparticle
Sara Abedi Alireza Iranbakhsh Zahra Oraghi Ardebili Mostafa Ebadi -
Open Access Article
2 - Transcriptional responses following seed priming with cold plasma and electromagnetic field in Salvia nemorosa L.
Maryam Ghaemi Ahmad Majd Alireza Iranbakhsh -
Open Access Article
3 - Preliminary Construction and Validation of Cognitive Brain Function Assessment Test Emphasizing on Age among university students
فریده حمیدیThe aim of this research was to construct and validate a new cognitive brain function assessment test with an emphasize on the age of student. The research type was test construction and validation. the population in this study was all human sciences and math students MoreThe aim of this research was to construct and validate a new cognitive brain function assessment test with an emphasize on the age of student. The research type was test construction and validation. the population in this study was all human sciences and math students studying in undergraduate and postgraduate levels of Shahid Rajaee Teachers Training University in 2011-2012. The sample consisted of 100 university student whose ages ranged between 20 to 36 (50male and 50 female). Which were selected by cluster sampling. The research tools were the veseaoher made Cognitive Brain Function Assessment. Test and the PASAT(Sampson,1956). To achieve the factor structure model validity, varimax rotation and t- test for independent groups were applied. Results showed high correlation between variables and also six factors as the clusters were identified: 1)Target identification accuracy, 2) Location error,3)Two seconds right error,4) Three seconds right error,5)Three seconds left error and 6) Two seconds left error. Also, the results of t- test for independent groups showed that merely in the target identification accuracy, the differences between meaningful differences concerning age exist among the university students(p < 0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Testing Conceptual Routes in Elementary/Highly Proficient Persian Speaking EFL Learners
Ferdos Taleb Zahra Fotovatnia -
Open Access Article
5 - Evaluation of antifungal activity of cinnamon essential oil on control of Fusarium solani fungi under in-vitro and in-vivo condition
Hadi Salek mearaji Akram Hatami Saeed Hazbei pour Mohammad javad Zarea Khoshnood NourollahiIn order to investigate the effect of cinnamon essential oil on control of Fusarium solani fungus an experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design with four replication carried out in-vitro and in-vivo condition. The first experiment was effect of five MoreIn order to investigate the effect of cinnamon essential oil on control of Fusarium solani fungus an experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design with four replication carried out in-vitro and in-vivo condition. The first experiment was effect of five concentration of cinnamon essential oil (0, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 ppm) on control of fungus in-vitro, and Second experiment was three application methods of essential oil (spray, priming seed and transplanting, and application with irrigation) on control of the mentioned fungus on tomato plant in-vivo condition. Cinnamon essential oil can completely controlled from the growth of the fungus at all concentrations in-vitro condition. The results showed that application of essential oil cinnamon with irrigation by 58/33 % inhibition have the maximum effect on suppress in F. solani. The highest of suppress of F. solani fungi (54/16 %) in primimg method obtained in 2000 ppm. The high percent of survive plant in application with irrigation method with 37/48 % in 1500 ppm observed. But enhance of concentration in spray method from 1500 to 2000 ppm causeed damage to plants. The obtined of result in this research, application of cinnamon essential oil with irrigation method, can be suitable way as a biological control of F. solani fungus. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Investigating Different Memory Pathways L2 Learners use: A Practical Application to the Brain Compatible Learning
Behzad Nasirpour -
Open Access Article
7 - Evaluation Of Salicylic Acid Pretreatment On Germination And Seedling Growth Characteristics On Medicinal Plant Of Black Cumin (Nigella Sativa L.) under salt stress
فرشاد سرخیBlack cumin is used medicinally as a decongestant, regularizer, laxative, anti -constipation and sexual enhancer in men. It is also used in the treatment of cancer, diabetes, and ulcers . Salinity stress could decrease seed germination and growth of plants. It has been MoreBlack cumin is used medicinally as a decongestant, regularizer, laxative, anti -constipation and sexual enhancer in men. It is also used in the treatment of cancer, diabetes, and ulcers . Salinity stress could decrease seed germination and growth of plants. It has been found that salicylic acid as endogenous growth regulator of natural phenolic compounds that cause to reduce negative effects of the salt stress on different aspects of plant life. The current research was carried out to evaluate probable positive effects of salicylic acid on the germination and initial growth properties of Nigella Sativa when put with salinity stress. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted of factorial experiment in a randomized complete design in four replications. Treatments consisted of salicylic acid levels of 0, 0.2, 0.6 and 1 mm and salinity stress of 0, 100, 150, and 200 mm. The results indicated that salinity stress decreased germination percentage, rate of germination, radical and plumule length and seedling dry weight. The greatest effect of root/shoot ratio was obtained in concentration of 200mm salt stress. While salicylic acid increased the germination percentage, germination rate, root length, shoot length, seedling dry weight and root/shoot ratio under salt stress and non-stress. Most of these traits were observed at concentration of 1 mm salicylic acid. According to the results of seed priming by salicylic acid in regions with salt stree can increase the resistance of Nigella sativa seeds in the germination stage and initial seedling growth Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Effect of Salicylic Acid Seed Priming on Some Physiological Traits of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) Under Water Deficit at Podding Stage
F. Shekari A. Pakmehr M. Rastgoo M. Vazayefi M.J. Goreishi NasabThe effects of seed priming by salicylic acid on some physiological traits of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) cv. Parastou were investigated under water deficit conditions at podding stage. Experiment was done as a split block design with 3 replications in 2008 at Researc MoreThe effects of seed priming by salicylic acid on some physiological traits of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) cv. Parastou were investigated under water deficit conditions at podding stage. Experiment was done as a split block design with 3 replications in 2008 at Research Station of Zanjan University. Main factor consisted of two levels of irrigation (normal irrigation and deficit irrigation at podding stages) and seed priming with salicylic acid as a sub factor in 5 levels (0, 900, 1800, 2700, 3600 µM). Analysis of variance showed that irrigation and salicylic acid had significant effects on all characters. Furthermore, interaction between irrigation and salicylic acid were significant only for leaf relative water content, photosynthetic rates, content of chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll and seed yield. Mean comparisons showed that relative water content, photosynthetic rates, content of chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll and seed yield decreased due to water deficit as compared to normal irrigation, but leaf internal CO2 increased. These traits, except leaf internal CO2 wereincreased through primed seed priming as compared to untreated seeds. Priming of seeds with 2700 µM salicylic acid had desirable effect on all traits compared to other treatments in irrigated and water deficit conditions. Seed priming with 2700 µM salicylic acid caused higher relative water content, which protects plants against water stress. In addition to increasing chlorophyll content and stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rates of plant increased. Thus, seed priming with 2700 µM salicylic acid produced highest seed yield (4424 and 2475 kg.ha-1) in both regular and deficits irrigations at podding stage, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - The Effect of Different Seed Primings on Some Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.)
Adel Pedram Mehdi Tajbakhsh Dariush Fathollah Taleghani Mahdi GhiyasiTo investigate the effect of different seed primings on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of two sugar beet cultivars a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications, was carried out in both laboratory and field MoreTo investigate the effect of different seed primings on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of two sugar beet cultivars a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications, was carried out in both laboratory and field at the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of West Azarbaijan province in 2015-16. The factors were two cultivars (Ekbatan and 7233) and five kinds of seed primings (seed hardening, priming with nano fertilizer, priming with pigeon manure extract, hydropriming and control). The results of combined analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences between genotypes for root yield and white sugar content. It was also, revealed that primings for all traits, except percent of sugar extraction, alkalinity and white sugar content, were significant. In this study, cultivar 7233, as compared with Ekbatan, produced higher root yield and sugar content. Furthermore, hydropriming produced higher germination percentage (96.50%), speed of germination (9.56 seeds/day), root yield (80.33 t.ha-1), sugars content (23.11%), sugar yield (18.38 t.ha-1) than other seed primings. Based on stepwise regression analysis, four traits, like sugars content, root yield, sugar extraction percentage and molasses sugar, justified 98% of white sugar yield variations. Thus, these four traits were identified as the most effective ones for white sugar yield. It can be, therefore, concluded that hydropriming would be a proper seed priming to improve the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sugar beet. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Effect of Seed Treatment with Salicylic Acid on Some Seedling Characteristics of Borage
H. Khooshehkar F. ShekariThe effects of seed priming of borage (Borago officinalis)with salicylic acid on improving its seedling traits was investigated under field condition in a complete randomized block design. Treatments consisted of untreated seeds as control, hydropriming and treatme MoreThe effects of seed priming of borage (Borago officinalis)with salicylic acid on improving its seedling traits was investigated under field condition in a complete randomized block design. Treatments consisted of untreated seeds as control, hydropriming and treatment with 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 μM salicylic acid. Results showed that priming with salicylic acid significantly improved mean emergence time, emergence percent and index, fresh and dry weight of seedling, leaf area, leaf area ratio and specific leaf weight, but it did not affect seedling fresh weight to dry weight ratio. The highest emergence index and specific leaf weight and lowest mean emergence time (emergence rate) and leaf area ratio was found in plants which their seed were primed with 500 μM salicylic acid. It seems that seed priming with salicylic acid increased seedling dry weight more than leaf area. It was also revealed that treating seeds with the highest levels of salicylic acids resulted in negative effects on the traits measured. The lowest emergence index, emergence percent, fresh and dry weight of seedling and specific leaf weight and highest mean emergence time and leaf area ratio oblained from seedlings which primed with 2000 μM salicylic acid and followed by control and hydroprim treatments. It can be concluded that, priming with proper concentration of salicylic acid was more effective than hydropriming. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Morpho- Physiological Changes of Hempseed (Cannabis sativa L.) Traits as Affected by Seed Priming with Folic Acid and Hydrogen Peroxide
Shirin Karbalaye Golizadeh Touraj Mir Mahmoodi Nabi Khalili AqdamTo evaluate the effects of seed priming of hempseed with folic acid and hydrogen peroxide on some morphological and physiological traits a factorial greenhouse experiment based on randomized complete design with four replications was conducted at Islamic Azad University MoreTo evaluate the effects of seed priming of hempseed with folic acid and hydrogen peroxide on some morphological and physiological traits a factorial greenhouse experiment based on randomized complete design with four replications was conducted at Islamic Azad University, Mahabad Branch. Treatments consisted of hydrogen peroxide at five levels (0, 7.5, 15, 22.5, 30 mm/liter) as the first factor and the four leveld of folic acid (5, 10, 20, 27 mm/liter) as the second factor.Seeds, to be primed, were immersed into solution of folic acid for 24 hours and hydrogen peroxide for 6 hours. The characteristics like chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll content, relative water content, plant height, root length, allometric coefficient, plant fresh and dry weights, were measured. Result of analysis of variance showed that the effects of folic acid and hydrogen peroxide on all characters were significant, but the interaction between the two treatments were only significant on relative water content and allometric coefficient. In this study, seed priming with 15 mm/liter of hydrogen peroxide and 5mm folic acid resulted in highest chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll contents, plant height, root length, fresh and dry weights. Increasing hydrogen peroxide level above 15mm/liter affected traits negatively. Combinated treatments of 15 mm/liter of hydrogen peroxide and 5 and 10 mm of folic acid resulted in highest relative water content and allometric coefficient, respectively. Based on the results obtained it can be concluded that priming seeds with 15 mm/liter of hydrogen peroxide and 5mm folic acid is recommended to produce proper morphological and physiological traits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Effect of Drought Stress and Seed Priming on some Vegetative and Reproductive Traits of Castor bean (Ricinus Communis L.) var Esfahan
Sonia Abasi Sadr Soran Sharafi Abdollah Hassanzadeh GhorttapehDrought is an important factor affecting germination, early plant growth and its rate and decreasing economic performance of seedlings. Thus, seed priming to induce homogenice germination, emergence and increase the rate of growth and reduce adverse environmental effect MoreDrought is an important factor affecting germination, early plant growth and its rate and decreasing economic performance of seedlings. Thus, seed priming to induce homogenice germination, emergence and increase the rate of growth and reduce adverse environmental effects results higher in yields. It also facilitates seedling emergence early and establishment of the plant. To study the effect of drought stress and seed priming on some vegetative and reproductive traits of castorbean (Ricinus communis), a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at the Saetlo Station of Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of West Azerbaijan, during growing season of 2013. Main factors were drought stress with four levels (60, 90, 110 and 130 mm pan evaporation) and subfacotre were four seed priming treatments: control, hydro-priming, salicylic acid and hydrogen peroxide. Results of variance analysis showed that the drought stress significantly affected plant height, 1000 seed weight, grain yield, oil yield and grain harvest index. Seed priming also, significantly affected plant height, 1000 seed weight, seed yield, oil yield and harvest index. Interaction between water stress and priming treatments significantly affected grain yield. Considering the comparison of mean values, it was observed that plant height, 1000-seed weight, seed yield, oil yield and harvest index, at 60-mm evaporation from the pan had the highest values. Seed priming affected all of the traits and salicylic acid treatment also was able to affected the highest amount of all traits. The highest grain yield and 1000 grain weight were due to the interaction of 60 mm evaporation from the evaporation pan and seed priming with salicylic acid. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Effects of Seed Hydropriming and Nitrogen and Betaine Foliar Application on Yield Quality and Quantity of Adel Cultivar of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under Rainfed Conditions in Lorestan Province
Rasoul Babaeipour Khosro Azizi Hamid Reza Eisvand Mashala Daneshvar Omid Ali AkbarpourThis study was performed in a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications on Adel chickpea cultivar during 2017-2018. Seed priming consisted of two levels (non-priming and hydropriming) and spraying nitrogen and glycine betaine MoreThis study was performed in a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications on Adel chickpea cultivar during 2017-2018. Seed priming consisted of two levels (non-priming and hydropriming) and spraying nitrogen and glycine betaine with six levels (no spraying, as control, zero concentration (water spray), 3% urea, 100 mM glycine betaine, 200 mM glycine betaine, and glycine betaine 200 mM + urea 3%). Interaction of priming by foliar application on biological and grain yields was significant at 1%probabilitylevel.The highest biological yield (2668kg.ha-1) and grain yield (1301 kg.ha-1) were obtained with combined priming and consumption of 200 mM glycine + 3% urea and the lowest yield was related to non-priming and non-spraying priming. Priming also improved the harvest index, number of seeds per plant, number of pods per plant, 100-seed weight and number of active nodules. The effect of foliar application of plants by glycine betaine and urea on number of grains per pod and grain protein percentage was significant. The highest values of these traits belonged to foliar application of plants by glycine betaine with concentration of 200 mM + 3% urea. Hydropriming significantly increased grain yield, harvest index, grain weight, and number of seeds per plant. Hydropriming also allowed the plant to initiate flowering and pod forming earlier. According to the results of this study, the use of hydropriming treatment and spraying of nitrogen and glycine betaine respectively would be recommended to improve the quality and quantity of rainfed chickpea in Kuhdasht, Lorestan province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Effects of Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria and Irrigation Levels on Physiological Traits and Yield of Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)
Sanaz Rajabi Khamseh Abdolrazagh Danesh-Shahraki Mohammad Rafieiolhossaini Keramatollah Saeedi Mahdi GhobadiniaTo evaluate the effects of plant growth promoting bacteria and irrigation levels on some physiological traits and yield of flax, a split-plot experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of Agricultural MoreTo evaluate the effects of plant growth promoting bacteria and irrigation levels on some physiological traits and yield of flax, a split-plot experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of Agricultural Faculty of Shahrekord University in 2015. The main factor was three irrigation levels (100 % of full irrigation as control, 75 and 50 % of full irrigation) and the sub-factor was seven levels of plant growth promoting bacteria (no inoculation as control and inoculation with Bacillus SP. strain1, Bacillus SP. strain2, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Azotobacter Chroococcum, Pseudomonas putida and Azospirillium lipoferum). The interaction effect of irrigation and bacterial inoculation on relative water content, cell membrane stability, chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid content, chlorophyll a/b ratio, water use efficiency, number of capsules per plant, 1000 grain weight and seed yield were significant but non significant on seed number per capsule. The highest amounts of measured traits in each irrigation level were related to the bacterial treatments. The highest seed yield (with 62% increase) was obtained from Bacillus sp. strain1 in treatment and 100% of full irrigation as compared to that of control. According to the results of main effect of irrigation on number of seeds per capsule, full irrigation treatment resulted in highest number of grain per capsule as compared to the other levels. Among bacterial treatments, B. Amyloliquefaciens had the highest significant number of seeds per capsule, as compared with no inoculation treatment. The effects of treatments of Bacillus SP. strain1, B. amyloliquefaciens and A. Chroococcum treatments were more pronounced as compared to other bacterial treatments traits studied under normal and stress conditions. According to the results of this research, flax seed treatment with plant growth promoting bacteria is recommended flax seed production under water deficit conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - The Effects of Physical Primings of Seeds on Agronomical Characteristics and Alkaloid Content of Datura
سحر Baser kouchebagh F. Farahvash بهرام Mirshekari F. Rahimzadeh Khoei H. Kazemi ArbatTo study the effects of physical seed primings on yield and alkaloid content of datura an experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications and 10 different treatments was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station of Islamic Aazd University, MoreTo study the effects of physical seed primings on yield and alkaloid content of datura an experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications and 10 different treatments was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station of Islamic Aazd University, Tabriz branch, Iran, during growing season of 2013. Treatments of moist seeds were: ultrasonic treatment of seeds with a maximum of 3 watts, gamma and beta irradiations of seeds at 2 microcurie (µc) for 10 minutes, laser irradiation at 6328 angstrom (A°) and magnetic field of seeds with 40 microtesla (mt) each for 5, 10, 15 minutes respectively and control. Results indicated that seeds treated with gamma irradiation increased plant height over the control by 45%. Highest (206 g.m-2) and lowest (108.3 g.m-2) biological yields were produced when seeds treated with magnetic field for 10 minutes and laser for 5 minutes respectively. Similarly, highest (27.27 g.m-2) and lowest (14.96 g.m-2) seed yields were obtained by treating seeds with magnetic field for 15 minutes and ultrasonic respectively. Alkaloid content in the above ground plant parts was highest when seeds treated with gamma irradiation and lowest with the magnetic field irradiation for 5 minutes. It may be concluded that physical primings of seeds with magnetic field, gamma and laser irradiations would result in higher seed yields. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Corn Seed Yield and Its Components as Affected by Different Time of Weeding, Seed Osmopriming and Foliar Application of Micronutrient
H. Abbasdokht M. AsgharniaTo study the effect of different times of hand weeding, seed osmopriming and micronutrient foliar application on yield and yield components of corn (Zea mays L.) a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with four replications was carried out at t MoreTo study the effect of different times of hand weeding, seed osmopriming and micronutrient foliar application on yield and yield components of corn (Zea mays L.) a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with four replications was carried out at the Research Farm of Shahrood University. Treatments factors were weeding with 3 levels (hand weeding 2, 4 and 6 weeks after crop emergence, seed osmopriming with 2 levels (osmopriming and control) and micronutrients application at 2 levels (foliar application with micronutrient and control). Results showed that the different times of weeding had significant effect on yield and yield components and highest seed yield was obtained with weeding at 6 weeks after emergence. Seed osmopriming significantly increased all of the variables under study. Foliar micronutrient applications also increased seed yield, biological yield, harvest index, height of plant, ear weght, ear length, ear diameter and the 100-seeds weight in comparison to control significantly, but it didn’t effect number of seed rows per ear significantly. The interactions of osmopriming and micro nutrient on grain yield, biological yield, harvest index, height of plant, the number of seed in row, 100-seed weight, weight of corn and ear length were also significant. The interactions of different times of weeding and osmopriming significantly affected only ear diameter. The effect of different times of weeding and foliar application of micronutrient on ear diameter was also significant. Seed yield and ear length were affected by triple interactions of treatments. The results of this study showed that osmopriming, foliar application of micronutrient and hand weeding 6 weeks after emergence all had positive effect on improving growth indices and seed yield of corn. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Germination, Growth and Yield of Wheat as Affected by Physical Priming Techniques
B. Mirshekari F. Farahvash S. Baser KoocheBaghTo study the effect ofphysical seed priming techniques on seed germination, growth and yield of a wheat cultivar (Triticum aestivum, cv. Falat), an experiment was conducted. Factors under study were ultrasonic intensity of 3 W.cm-2, laser wave of length of 6328 Å, MoreTo study the effect ofphysical seed priming techniques on seed germination, growth and yield of a wheat cultivar (Triticum aestivum, cv. Falat), an experiment was conducted. Factors under study were ultrasonic intensity of 3 W.cm-2, laser wave of length of 6328 Å, magnetic field with intensity of 0.6 T, gamma and beta radiations both with intensity of 2 mc for 5 and 10 min and a control. Results indicated that effect of laser and magnetic field for 5 min was effective on duration germination as compared to other treatments. Seedling treated by magnetic field for 5 min resulted in greater vigor than ultrasonic and beta radiations. Seed weights, under magnetic field and gamma radiation treatments for 5 and 10 min were heavier (55.6 g) than other treatments. Seeds that treated with magnetic field for 5 min produced 21.5% more yield as compared to the control. Laser (for 5 min) along with gamma and magnetic field (for 5 and 10 min) radiations could produce yield up to 588 g.m-2. Seed yield in control plot was 71 g lower than those treated with laser for 5 min, gamma and magnetic field for 5-10 min radiations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Investigating Seed Germination Indices and Absorption Rate of Sodium, Chloride, Calcium, and Potassium in Different Parts of Seedlings of Sweet Corn KSC 403 (Zea Mays L var. Saccharata) Under Salinity Stress and Seed Priming
M. Nasrolah alhossini, A. Rahmani S. Khavari KhorasaniTo investigate the effects of different levels of seed priming on germination indices and nutrient absorption at early growth stages of sweet corn (Golden Kernel Hybrid) a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design was conducted with three replications i MoreTo investigate the effects of different levels of seed priming on germination indices and nutrient absorption at early growth stages of sweet corn (Golden Kernel Hybrid) a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design was conducted with three replications in 2011. The experiment consists of 6 levels of primings (seeds without priming, priming with tap water, priming with distilled water, priming with sodium chloride, potassium chloride, and hydrous calcium chloride) and five levels of salinity (zero, 4, 8, 12 and 16 ds/m sodium chloride). The characteristics studied were germination percentage, germination rate, root and shoot length, fresh weight and dry weight of seedling, root to shoot ratio and determination of sodium, chloride, calcium, and potassium concentration in different parts of seedlings (stems, roots and seed). The results indicated that increasing salinity stress levels decreased all parameters measured. Priming seeds with hydrated calcium chloride responded to significantly to salinity stress better than other treatments. Results also showed that increasing concentration of sodium chloride salt, increased absorption rate of sodium but concentration of calcium and potassium were reduced. Because application of hydrous calcium chloride stimulates cell in using calcium under salinity conditions it leads to improved seedling growth parameters. To achieve a more accurate results slicing interaction effect of seed priming×salinity levels was performed. Hydrous calcium chloride treatments improved all traits under study except sodium and potassium concentration. This represents a better performance of seeds germination under salinity stress when seeds primed with hydrous calcium chloride. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Effects of Physical Seed Priming and Hydropriming on Physiological and Morphological Characteristics, Yield and Harvest Index in Marigold (Calendula officinalis L.)
S. Baser Kouchebagh F. Farahvash B. Mirshekari F. Rahimzadeh Khoei H. Kazemi ArbatTo study the effect of different seed treatments on germination of calendula, an experiment conducted in field with complete randomized block design and three replications, at Agricultural Research Station of Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch in 2013. Treatments we MoreTo study the effect of different seed treatments on germination of calendula, an experiment conducted in field with complete randomized block design and three replications, at Agricultural Research Station of Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch in 2013. Treatments were: treating the most seeds by ultrasonic with maximum (3 w.m-2) and gamma and beta by 2 µc for 10 minutes, laser by 6328A° and magnetic field by 40 MT for 5, 10 and 15 minutes hydro-priming for 24 hours and control. Results indicate that maximum flower yield (13.85g) was produced by seeds treated with laser irradiation for 15 minutes as compared to that of control (4.34g). Highest biologic yield belonged to seeds treated with magnetic field for 10 minutes (33.20 g.m-2) and lowest to control (7.89 g.m-2). Highest harvest index was obtained from seeds treated by gamma irradiation for 10 minutes (69.07) and lowest for 15 minutes (18.81). It may be suggested that marigold growers may improve crop yield by priming the seeds with magnetic field and laser irradiation before sowing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Effects of Accelerated Aging and Acid Scarification of Seed Coat with Hydrochloric Acid on Seed Germination Characteristics of Chickpea c.v. Kaka
R. Sadrabadi HaghighiTo evaluate the effects of accelerated aging and seed coat scarification with Hydrochloric acid (HCl) on seed germination characteristics of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) c.v. Kaka, a factorial experiment was conducted in completely randomized design with two factors in la MoreTo evaluate the effects of accelerated aging and seed coat scarification with Hydrochloric acid (HCl) on seed germination characteristics of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) c.v. Kaka, a factorial experiment was conducted in completely randomized design with two factors in laboratory condition. Factors were three levels of accelerated aging for zero, 24 and 48 hours by 45°C and 100% relative humidity and 8 levels of Hydrochloric acid treatments of seeds (dry seed as chickpea), immersion in 0 (distilled water), 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3 normal HCl for half an hours. Results showed that accelerated seed aging and HCl treatments both reduced percent and speed of seed germination, epicotyl and root length. Accelerated seed aging increased the negative effects of HCl treatments. Only hydro-priming improved seed germination characteristics in all accelerated aging treatments. On the basis of the results of this experiment, treatment with HCl isn’t a suitable treatment for chickpea seed priming. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Effects of Seed Priming on Morphophenological and Yield Characteristics of Different Lentil Genotypes (Lens culinaris L.) under Rain-fed and Supplemental Irrigation Conditions
N. Pakbaz M. Barary A. A. Mehrabi A. HatamiTo study the effects of seed priming on Phenological and morphological characteristics of different lentil genotypes (Lens culinaris L.) under rainfed and supplemental irrigation condidions, a field experiment was conducted at the Research Field of the Faculty of Agricu MoreTo study the effects of seed priming on Phenological and morphological characteristics of different lentil genotypes (Lens culinaris L.) under rainfed and supplemental irrigation condidions, a field experiment was conducted at the Research Field of the Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University in 2011–2012. The experiment used was a split- factorial based on RCBD with three replications. The main plots were allocated supplemental irrigation and rainfed conditions and sub plots to the factorial of different lentil genotypes (Gachsaran, Kimia, ILL6037, landrace) and seed priming treatments (Control, hydro, Kinetin, KNO3, PEG 8000). The results showed that genotypic effects, on almost all characteristics were significant at 1% probability levels. The triple interaction was significant at 1% probability levels fornumber of leaves and number of secondary branches, number of flowers and number of dried flowers per plant and also plant dry weight. Seed primings of landrace genotype with KNO3 for morphological characteristics and ILL 6037 with this chemical for seed yield under rain-fed conditions were the best treatment conbinations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Effect of Seed Priming with Ethanol, Methanol, Boron and Manganese on some of Morphophysiological Characteristics of Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) under Water Deficit Stress
Ebrahim Khalilvand BehrouzyarTo effects of seed priming with ethanol, methanol, boron and manganese on some morphophysiological characteristics of rapeseed under water deficit stress was investigated in greenhouse using a factorial experiment based on completely randomized block design with three r MoreTo effects of seed priming with ethanol, methanol, boron and manganese on some morphophysiological characteristics of rapeseed under water deficit stress was investigated in greenhouse using a factorial experiment based on completely randomized block design with three replications at the Research Station of the Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Tabriz, Iran, during growing seasons of 2012-2013. Treatments were 5 priming treatments: without seed priming, control, seeds priming with 2% ethanol, 2% methanol and with 0.5% of H3BO3 and of MnSO4.H2O solutions) and 4 levels of different regimes of irrigation: (irrigation at 100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% of field capacity. The analysis of variance showed significant effects of seed priming on mean germination time (MGT) and germination speed (GS). The analysis of variance also indicated significant effect of seed priming and water deficit stress on relative water content (RWC) and number of pod per plant. Furthermore, the results showed a significant difference of interaction between seed priming and water deficit stress for seed yield per plant, stomata resistance and dry biomass weight per plant. The detailed results of this study showed that ethanol seed priming increased mean germination time (MGT) and germination speed (GS) by 65% and 72% respectively. Seed priming by ethanol increased relative water content (RWC) by 8% and number of pod per plant by 9% as compared with those of untreated seeds. Furthermore, seed priming by ethanol at 100% FC increased seed yield by 85% as compared with seed treatment by MnSO4.H2O at 25% FC. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Effect of different concentrations of KNO3 on physiological and biochemical properties of maize (Zea mays L.) under Salinity Stress
Homa Zarei محمد صدقی Salim Farzaneh Haniyeh SaadatIn order to investigate the effect of different concentrations of KNO3 on physiological and biochemical properties of maize (Zea mays L.) under salinity stress a factorial experiment was conducted based on completely randomized design at the University of Mohaghegh Arda MoreIn order to investigate the effect of different concentrations of KNO3 on physiological and biochemical properties of maize (Zea mays L.) under salinity stress a factorial experiment was conducted based on completely randomized design at the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili in 2021. Treatments included three salinity levels (0, 100 and 200 Mm) and three KNO3 levels (0, 1.5 and 3%). The results showed that the highest germination percentage (GP), germination rate (GR), germination uniformity (GU), radicle and plumule length (RL and PL) and radicle fresh and dry weight (RFW and RDW) was related to priming with KNO3 3% and without salinity. Mean of germination time (MGT) compared to the control showed a reduction about 53%. The activity of catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase enzymes in priming with KNO3 3% and 200 mM salinity compared to the control showed an increase about 56, 68 and 67%, respectively. Salinity decreased the activity of amylase, but priming with KNO3 increased the activity of this enzyme. The total seed protein content in KNO3 3% pretreatment and without salinity was increased about 63%. In general, priming with KNO3 3% solution can be considered as the best treatment to improve the physiological and biochemical properties of corn under salinity stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - The effect of pretreatment with different concentrations of urea on physiological and biochemical properties of maize (Zea mays L.) under Salinity Stress
هما زارعی محمد صدقی سلیم فرزانه Haniyeh SaadatIn order to investigate Effect of different concentrations of urea on physiological and biochemical properties of maize (Zea mays L.) under Salinity Stress a factorial experiment was conducted based on completely randomized design at the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili MoreIn order to investigate Effect of different concentrations of urea on physiological and biochemical properties of maize (Zea mays L.) under Salinity Stress a factorial experiment was conducted based on completely randomized design at the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili in 2021. The investigated factors were different levels of salinity (zero, 100 and 200 mM) and different levels of urea solution (zero, 1.5 and 3%). The results showed that salinity stress decreased Germination Percentage (GP), Germination Rate (GR), Germination uniformity (GU), Radicle and Pedicel Length (RL and PL) and Radicle Fresh and Dry Weight (RFW and RDW), But priming with urea improved these traits. The highest Medium Germination Time (MGT) was related at 200 mM salinity and control (distilled water). The activity of catalase and peroxidase enzymes increased with salinity intensification and the highest amount was observed at 200 mM salinity. Priming with 3% urea solution improved these enzymes. The superoxide dismutase enzyme activity in priming with 3% urea and 200 mM salinity compared to the control showed an increase about 61%. Amylase and protein in pretreatment with urea 3% and without salinity compared to the control showed an increase respectively about 73% and 70%. According to the observed results, seeds primed with 3% urea solution had the greatest effect on salinity stress in maize. According to the observed results, seeds primed with 3% urea solution had the greatest effect on salinity stress in maize. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Evaluation of the effect of priming on germination and growth characteristics of sugar beet cultivars (Beta Vulgaris L) under salinity conditions
Seyed GholamReza Salehi حشمت امیدی Mehdi Hasani Mohammad Hosein Bijeh KeshavarziThis study aims to investigate the effect of priming treatments (control without priming, hydropriming, priming with 0.25% potassium nitrate and priming with 0.5% potassium nitrate) on the germination characteristics of sugar beet cultivars and growth characteristics un MoreThis study aims to investigate the effect of priming treatments (control without priming, hydropriming, priming with 0.25% potassium nitrate and priming with 0.5% potassium nitrate) on the germination characteristics of sugar beet cultivars and growth characteristics under five levels of salinity (0, 4, 8, 12, and 16 dS/m) on germination and seedling growth in four replicates in a petri dish in laboratory conditions as a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design. The results showed that the effect of seed priming and salinity stress on the average germination time, germination speed coefficient, germination variance, germination uniformity, root length, stem length, stem and root dry weight, water content relatively, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids were significant. The results showed that in all three genotypes, the number of germinated seeds decreased with the increase in salinity level, and in the control levels and the use of water as a priming factor, this decrease was moderated. With the increase of salt concentration up to 12 ds level, the relative water content increased sigmoidally and showed a relatively stable trend at two levels of 12 and 16 ds. In most of the investigated traits, Shokofa variety has shown less reaction than other genotypes. In the investigation of the reaction process of genotypes to the speed, variance and homogeneity of germination in prime and salinity levels, it has shown a decrease with increasing salinity concentration. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - The effect of chemical and biological priming on seed yield and yield components of fava bean plants (Vicia faba L.)
محمدحسین انصاری معرفت مصطفوی راد رضا ذرشین زنوشIn order to evaluate the effect of chemical priming and inoculation with strains of Pseudomonas bacteria on fava bean yield and yield components, a randomized block design field experiment with three replication was conducted in research station of Agricultural and Natu MoreIn order to evaluate the effect of chemical priming and inoculation with strains of Pseudomonas bacteria on fava bean yield and yield components, a randomized block design field experiment with three replication was conducted in research station of Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Guilan province, Rasht during 2014-2015. Experimental factors included different strains of Pseudomonas flouresens bacteria (41, 169, 187 and control) and different levels of chemical priming (urea solution and Zinc sulfate solution as well as tap water). The results showed that the interaction effect of chemical and biological priming was significant for pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, green pod yield and yield and protein of grains. In this experiment the highest seed yield and green pod yield were obtained under no inoculation and priming with urea solution. Also, the effect of priming and bacteria inoculation on grain protein content was significant. However, bacteria inoculation showed significant effect only on seed phosphorous content so that, the greatest seed phosphorous contents was obtained under inoculation with strain 187 of bacteria. In general, the results of this research showed that low cast priming technique with urea solution enhanced seed yield of fava beans under field condition. Thus, urea priming technique can be recommended for seed yield improvement in fava beans grown in Guilan paddy fields. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Priming effect on germination and seedling growth of canola in comparison to nanosilver treatment under salinity stress
معصومه Salehi فاطمه Tamaskani مریم Ehsani مریم ArefiSeed priming is a technique that by means of seeds before sowing and confronting to condition of ecological environment in terms of physiologicaly and biochemically gain fitness for germination. In fact it is a type of presowing treatment. The aim of this study was comp MoreSeed priming is a technique that by means of seeds before sowing and confronting to condition of ecological environment in terms of physiologicaly and biochemically gain fitness for germination. In fact it is a type of presowing treatment. The aim of this study was comparison the effect of several methods of priming on germination and seedling growth of canola under salinity stress in comparative to Nanocide. For this purpose an experiment was conducted in a factorial design with four levels of salinity include 10, 12, 18, 24 dS/m Nacl and one control with three replications. The germination behavior of canola RGS cultivar treated with Nanocide in concentration of 0,20,40 ppm and ascorbate priming in three levels 100,200,400 ppm and hydropriming with distilled water was evaluated. Treatment with nanocide resulted in growth improvement and successful seed establishment, although percentage and rate of seed germination reduced. Priming treatments had a positive effect on germination rate and percentage but had no effect on seedling growth. Seeds treatment that caused increase of seedling growth had more importance under salt stress. With attention to results the best treatment in saline and non saline environment was nanocide treatment in 200ppm level. In fact nanocide in this concentration improved establishment of canola seeds in saline land. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Investigating the improvement of germination indices of Cynara scolymus L. seed by bacterial strains of Pseudomonas sp. R27N7 and Staphylococcus sp. R38N2 along with extracted humic and fulvic acids from biochar of Oriental plane tree
Mina Aqel Khajedad Ebrahim Shirmohammadi Ahmad Gholamalizadeh Ahangar Fatemeh KhosraviThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) seeds priming with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and extracted humic substances from biochar of Oriental plane (Platanus orientalis) tree on their seeds germination and seedling MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) seeds priming with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and extracted humic substances from biochar of Oriental plane (Platanus orientalis) tree on their seeds germination and seedling growth indices. For this purpose, in-vitro culture was performed in the form of factorial in a completely randomized design with four replications, totally in 36 experimental units, in the laboratory of soil science department, University of Zabul, in spring 2021. The first factor (humic substances) was in three levels including: seed priming with distilled water (control), fulvic acid and humic acid. The second factor (plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria) was in three levels including: seed priming with physiological serum (control), strains of Pseudomonas sp. R27N7 and Staphylococcus sp. R38N2. The results showed that R27N7 and R38N2 bacterial strains reduced the mean germination time by 10.93% and 11.23%, respectively, compared to the control. The effect of fulvic acid treatment on variation of measured indices was not significant compared to control. But, humic acid treatment increased indices of Seedling height by 90.33%, seedling dry weight by 90.70%, germination percentage by 61.32%, germination rate by 62.50%, mean daily germination by 60.19% and vigor index I and II by 2.76 times compared to the control. According to the results of this study, artichoke seeds priming with both of the plant growth promoting rhizobacteria strains can reduce mean germination time of seed. Also, seeds priming with humic acid can improve dry weight of seedling and most of seed germination indices. It seems that the improvement of these indices is mostly influenced by the plant growth hormone-like properties of humic acid and also plant growth promoting properties of both bacterial strains, especially their ability to produce of indole-3-acetic acid. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Structural Priming Effects on EFL Production of Passive Structures
Ahmad Ameri-Golestan -
Open Access Article
30 - Money Priming and Trust among Children: Evidence of a Field Experiment
Zahra Ebrahimi Masoud Homayounifar Mehdi FeiziIn addition to typical functions of money such as a medium of exchange, a means of evaluation, and storing the value of goods and services, it also has a symbolic character. Money due to its symbolic character can be used as a social goal in regulating interpersonal and MoreIn addition to typical functions of money such as a medium of exchange, a means of evaluation, and storing the value of goods and services, it also has a symbolic character. Money due to its symbolic character can be used as a social goal in regulating interpersonal and intrapersonal relationships. On the one hand, priming is one of the most important ways to highlight the symbolic aspect of money. On the other hand, trust is one of the essential aspects of human relations. We conduct a trust game experiment on 511 fourth-grade girl students from the public schools in Mashhad. The results showed that children primed with money in the experimental group, on average, trust more than the control group. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - بهبود جوانه زنی و رشد گیاه دارویی گلپر ایرانی (Heracleum persicum Desf) تحت تأثیر آماده سازی اسمزی بذر
فاطمه چراغی سهراب محمودی مجید جامی الاحمدی سهیل پارسامقدمه و هدف: جوانه‏زنی و استقرار گیاهان دارویی به علت قوه نامیه کمی ‏که بذور این گیاهان دارند عموماً با مشکل مواجه است. پرایمینگ بذر از جمله روش‏هایی است که منجر به افزایش قابلیت جوانه‏زنی در طیف وسیعی از گیاهان می‏شود. هدف کلی تحقیق حاضر تعیین Moreمقدمه و هدف: جوانه‏زنی و استقرار گیاهان دارویی به علت قوه نامیه کمی ‏که بذور این گیاهان دارند عموماً با مشکل مواجه است. پرایمینگ بذر از جمله روش‏هایی است که منجر به افزایش قابلیت جوانه‏زنی در طیف وسیعی از گیاهان می‏شود. هدف کلی تحقیق حاضر تعیین موثرترین ماده پرایمینگ، غلظت و مدت زمان پرایمینگ بر جوانه‏زنی و رشد گیاهچه گلپر بود.روش تحقیق: آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک‏های کامل تصادفی در آزمایشگاه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند به اجرا درآمد. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل نوع ماده پرایمینگ (KNO3,CaCl2 و پلی اتیلن گلایکول)، سطوح پتانسیل اسمزی (5/0-، 1- و 5/1- مگاپاسکال) و مدت زمان تیمار (12 و 24 ساعت) بودند.نتایج و بحث: نتایج نشان داد که نوع ماده پرایمینگ بر تمامی‏شاخص‏های اندازه گیری شده اثر معنی دار دارد. سطح پتانسیل اسمزی بر سرعت جوانه‏زنی تأثیر معنی داری داشته است. اثر مدت زمان پرایمینگ بر صفات سرعت جوانه‏زنی و میانگین مدت جوانه‏زنی معنی دار بود. در بین تیمارها در صفات درصد، سرعت و میانگین مدت جوانه‏زنی و شاخص بنیه گیاهچه، تیمار CaCl2 در 5/0- مگاپاسکال به مدت 24 ساعت بهترین درصد جوانه‏زنی، تیمار پلی اتیلن گلایکول 1- مگاپاسکال به مدت 24 ساعت بهترین سرعت جوانه‏زنی، تیمار KNO3 در 1- مگاپاسکال به مدت 24 ساعت کمترین میانگین مدت جوانه‏زنی و تیمار پلی اتیلن گلایکول به مدت 12 ساعت و 5/1- مگاپاسکال بهترین شاخص بنیه گیاهچه را نشان دادند. بنابراین می‏توان نتیجه گرفت با اعمال تیمارهای مناسب پرایمینگ می‏توان باعث بهبود در جوانه‏زنی گیاه دارویی گلپر شد.توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: نتایج آزمایش نشان داد پرایمینگ موجب افزایش خصوصیات جوانه زنی در گیاه گلپر می‏شود. با توجه به این­که از کومارین موجود در ریشه این گیاه در صنایع مختلف استفاده می‏شود و از سوی دیگر بذر این گیاه جوانه زنی ضعیفی دارد؛ می‏توان با پرایمینگ آن جوانه زنی و استقرار این گیاه را بهبود بخشید و موجب افزایش در تولید آن شد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Evaluation of Gibberellin Synthesis Genes (GA3OX) expression and Antioxidant Capacity in Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Sadri) Seeds induced by Chitosan under Salinity
Haniyeh Saadat Mohammad Sedghi raouf Seyed Sharifi salim farzaneh -
Open Access Article
33 - Hormonal priming to overcome drought stress and aging damage in groundnut seed (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Hossein Reza Rouhi Ali Sepehri -
Open Access Article
34 - Effects of priming with salicylic acid on germination traits of Dracocephalum moldavica L. under salinity stress
Fatemeh Shaikh-Abol-hasani Parto Roshandel -
Open Access Article
35 - Seed priming with bio-priming improves stand establishment, seed germination and salinity tolerance in canola cultivar (Hayola 401)
Mohammadreza Mousavi Heshmat Omidi -
Open Access Article
36 - Plasma seed priming in green cumin, physiological and developmental aspect
Zahra Rasooli Giti Barzin Tania Davari Mahabadi Malihe Entezari Daniel Piriaei -
Open Access Article
37 - Seed priming with Electromagnetic Field Improved Growth, Nutrition, And Metabolism of Salvia nemorosa L.
Maryam Ghaemi Ahmad Majd Alireza Iranbakhsh Davoud Dorranian -
Open Access Article
38 - Effects of seed germination with gibberellin on safflower germination under salinity stress
Mahrokh Nejati Akbar Alipour Mojtaba Yousefirad Yones Sharghi Hossein Zahedi -
Open Access Article
39 - Morpho-physiological and biochemical responses of suger beet cultivars (Beta Vulgaris L.) topretreatment and salinity
Ali Shokouhian Heshmat Omidi Amin Bostani Amirmohammad NajiA plant’s response to osmotic stress is a complex phenomenon that causes many abnormal symptoms due to limitations in growth and development or even the loss of yield. The present study was designed to investigate the morpho-physiological responses of different su MoreA plant’s response to osmotic stress is a complex phenomenon that causes many abnormal symptoms due to limitations in growth and development or even the loss of yield. The present study was designed to investigate the morpho-physiological responses of different sugar beet cultivars (‘Shokofa’, ‘Sina’, ‘Paya’, ‘Turbata’, and ‘Aria’) to priming (non-priming, osmopriming, and hydro-priming) and salinity of irrigation water (>2, 8, and 16 dS/m). The experiment was conducted as a factorial split plot experimental based on a randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) implemented in three replications in a research farm in Saveh city, Iran, during 2019-2020. Results showed that non-priming of ‘Shokofa’ genotype, hydro-priming of ‘Aria’ genotype, and osmo-priming of ‘Paya’ genotype under non-salinity conditions had the highest total chlorophyll content (31.04, 32.80, and 28.50 µg/g FW, respectively). The highest proline content was related to the hydro-and osmo-priming of seeds under high salinity stress (1.91 and 1.23 μmol/g FW, respectively). Hydro-priming of ‘Shokofa’ seed showed the highest LAI under the high salt stress level. The highest root yield (62.9 tons/ha) was observed in the hydro-priming of ‘Aria’ genotype under without salt stress conditions. In addition, all sugar beet cultivars under non-stress and hydro-priming conditions had the highest root yield. Among the cultivars, ‘Sina’, ‘Torbata’, and ‘Aria’ and hydro-priming technique are recommended for planting in areas under soil or irrigation water salinity stress Manuscript profile -
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40 - Photosystem II Efficiency of Primed Canola under Salt Stress
Zahra Karimi Jalil Khara Ghader Habibi -
Open Access Article
41 - Biochemical characteristics of red bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes as affected by seed pre-treatment with growth regulators .
Mona Mohtashami Ahmad Naderi Ali Akbar Ghanbari Mojtaba Alavi Fazel Shahram Lak -
Open Access Article
42 - Seed germination of dill (Anethum graveolens L.) in response to salicylic acid and halopriming under cadmium stress.
Arezoo Espanany Seyfollah Fallah -
Open Access Article
43 - Physiological and phytochemical changes induced by seed pretreatment with hydrogen peroxide in Artemisia sieberi under salt stress.
Forouzan Azimian Parto Roshandel -
Open Access Article
44 - Storage duration and temperature of hydroprimed seeds affects some growth indices and yield of wheat.
Zeinab Farajollahi Hamid Reza Eisvand -
Open Access Article
45 - Canola seed germination and seedling growth in response to saline condition and bio-priming.
Hojjat Ataei Somagh Seyyed Mehdi Mousavi Heshmat Omidi Elnaz Mohammadian Milad Hemmati -
Open Access Article
46 - بررسی اثر شدت و مدت زمان میدان مغناطیسی روی جوانهزنی پریوش Catharanthus roseus cv. ‘Acillata’
فاطمه زارع دوست داود هاشم آبادی مریم جدید سلیماندارابیمیدان مغناطیسی موجب بهبود پارامترهای جوانه­ زنی می­شود. جوانه ­زنی بذرهای پریوش در شرایط شور کاهش می­ یابد. این آزمایش جهت بررسی اثر شدت و مدت زمان میدان مغناطیسی بر جوانهزنی بذرهای پریوش در شرایط شور (19 میلی زیمنس بر سانتی­متر) انجام شد. این مطالع Moreمیدان مغناطیسی موجب بهبود پارامترهای جوانه­ زنی می­شود. جوانه ­زنی بذرهای پریوش در شرایط شور کاهش می­ یابد. این آزمایش جهت بررسی اثر شدت و مدت زمان میدان مغناطیسی بر جوانهزنی بذرهای پریوش در شرایط شور (19 میلی زیمنس بر سانتی­متر) انجام شد. این مطالعه در قالب آزمایش فاکتوریل بر پایهی طرح کاملا تصادفی با 3 شدت میدان مغناطیسی ((M1)50، (M2)100 و (M3) 150 میلی­ تسلا) و مدت زمان قرار دادن بذرها در معرض میدان مغناطیسی ((T1)10،(T2) 20 و(T3)30 دقیقه) اجرا شد. نتایج نشان داد که اعمال میدان مغناطیسی، جوانهزنی بذرها را در شرایط شور بهبود میبخشد؛ به طوریکه بیشترین درصد جوانهزنی با 74.44 و 73.05 درصد به ترتیب متعلق به تیمارهای 100 میلیتسلا به مدت 20 دقیقه و 100 میلیتسلا به مدت 30 دقیقه بود که نسبت به شاهد 28 درصد موجب بهبود جوانهزنی شدند. همچنین این تیمارها برترین تیمارها در صفات سرعت جوانهزنی و شاخص بنیه I و II بودند. بیشترین طول ریشهچه (2.37 سانتیمتر) و طول ساقهچه (3.50 سانتیمتر) به ترتیب متعلق به تیمارهای 50 میلیتسلا به مدت 20 دقیقه و 100 میلیتسلا به مدت 10 دقیقه بود. بیشترین وزن خشک ریشهچه (0.24 گرم) و وزن خشک ساقهچه (0.81 گرم) در تیمار 100 میلیتسلا به مدت 10 دقیقه مشاهده شد. Manuscript profile -
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47 - اثرخراش دهی اسیدی و سرما روی جوانه زنی بذر سه گونه درختی فضای سبز
بهاره دل طلب نیره نظیری مقدم مجتبی خرمی راد بهزاد کاویانیجوانهزنی بذر برخی گونههای چوبی به دلایل مختلف از جمله خفتگی فیزیولوژیکی و مکانیکی و حضور ترکیبات ممانعتکننده در بافتهای بذر با مشکل و در میزان پایین انجام میشود. پرایمینگ یکی از مهمترین تیمارها برای افزایش ظرفیت جوانهزنی بذرها است. هدف این مطالعه، بررسی اثر تیمار Moreجوانهزنی بذر برخی گونههای چوبی به دلایل مختلف از جمله خفتگی فیزیولوژیکی و مکانیکی و حضور ترکیبات ممانعتکننده در بافتهای بذر با مشکل و در میزان پایین انجام میشود. پرایمینگ یکی از مهمترین تیمارها برای افزایش ظرفیت جوانهزنی بذرها است. هدف این مطالعه، بررسی اثر تیمارهای مختلف چینه سرمایی و اسید سولفوریک روی رشد و درصد جوانهزنی بذرهای اقاقیا، عرعر و زبان گنجشک بود. این پژوهش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با دو عامل؛ گیاه و چینه سرمایی در چهار تکرار انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که بالاترین درصد جوانهزنی (72 درصد) در تیمار اسید سولفوریک 50 درصد روی بذرهای اقاقیا و پایینترین آن (18 و 12 درصد)، به ترتیب در تیمارهای شاهد و اسید سولفوریک 95 درصد روی بذرهای زبان گنجشک به دست آمد. نتایج کلی این پژوهش نشان داد که بهترین تیمار چینه سرمایی برای اغلب صفات اندازهگیریشده، اسید سولفوریک 50 درصد و سرمای سه درجه سانتیگراد به مدت 20 روز بود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Effect of seed priming and weed management on yield and yield components of maize (Zea mayz L.)
Amin Allah Poudineh1 Hassan Makarian*2 Hamid Abbasdokht2 Mehdi Baradaran Firouz Abadi2 Abbas Nasiri Dehsorkhi3In order to investigate the effect of integrated weed management on yield and yield components of maize (SC704) an experiment was conducted at the research field of Shahrood University of Technology as randomized complete blocks design with four replications. The treatm MoreIn order to investigate the effect of integrated weed management on yield and yield components of maize (SC704) an experiment was conducted at the research field of Shahrood University of Technology as randomized complete blocks design with four replications. The treatments were; weed free, weedy, recommended herbicide dose (nicosulfuron 80 g.a.i. ha-1), hydro priming + reduced herbicide dose (nicosulfuron 40 g.a.i. ha-1), hydro priming + weeding 6 weeks after crop emergence, hydro-priming, hydro-priming + priming with salicylic acid + reduced herbicide dose, priming with salicylic acid, priming with salicylic acid + weeding, priming with salicylic acid + reduced herbicide dose, hydro-priming + priming with salicylic acid + weeding. The results indicated that no significant difference was observed in density and biomass of weeds between the combinations treatments (priming with salicylic acid + reduced herbicide dose and hydro-priming + priming with salicylic acid + weeding 6 weeks after emergence) and herbicide recommended dose treatment. Hydro-priming + reduced herbicide dose increased the biological yield by 25 and 45 percent in comparison to herbicide recommended dose and weed free treatments, respectively. The results indicated that hydro priming + reduced herbicide dose and priming with salicylic acid + reduced herbicide dose of nicosulfuron increased grain yield by 45.3% in comparison to weedy treatment. Based on the results of this experiment, seed priming in combination with reduced dose of herbicide and or with weeding, can effectively control weeds and increase crop yield and also reduce herbicide consumption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Effect of seed priming on germination characteristics and some antioxidant enzymes activity of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) under drought stress conditions
Ahmad AfkariSeed pre-treatment technique has been introduced as a germination and establishment enhancer under environmental stress. In order to study the effects of priming on germination characteristics growth and some antioxidant enzymes activity of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) u MoreSeed pre-treatment technique has been introduced as a germination and establishment enhancer under environmental stress. In order to study the effects of priming on germination characteristics growth and some antioxidant enzymes activity of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) under drought stress conditions, a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with four replications, at the physiology lab of the Islamic Azad University of Ardebil in 2013 was carried out. Experimental treatments include drought stress at four levels (0, -4, -8 and -12 bar) and three pre-treatments including potassium nitrate with concentrations of 1% and 2%, water as hydro priming and control treatment. The results showed that the effect of drought stress and priming on germination components and antioxidant enzymes was significant. The results showed that drought stress reduced the percentage of germination, pace of germination, rootlet length, seedling length and increased activity of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase enzymes. The results of the comparison of mean interactions of drought stress and priming showed that the maximum activity of Antioxidant enzymes were obtained by pre-treatment of potassium nitrate with a concentration of 1% in a -12 bar drought level. In general, it can be concluded that basil seed pre-treatment with 1% potassium nitrate improves the basil germination parameters under drought stress conditions and increased the tolerance of basil plant to drought stress by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the germination stage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Effect of Nanoparticles of Selenium (Nano-Se) and Rice bran Extract on Germination and Some Morphophysiological Characteristics of (Astragalus adscendens Boissier)
Reza Dehghani BidgoliIn order to investigate the effect of seeds priming of Astragalus adscendens with Rice bran extract and potassium nitrate (Nano-Se) solution in the early stages of germination, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD) with four replic MoreIn order to investigate the effect of seeds priming of Astragalus adscendens with Rice bran extract and potassium nitrate (Nano-Se) solution in the early stages of germination, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications conducted at the botany Lab of the Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashan, in 2017. Experimental treatments consisted of priming with Rice bran extrac solution at 4 levels (zero as control, 0. 1, 0.2 and 0.5 (percentage of weight - Volume: w/v), and Nano-Se in 4 levels (zero as control, 0.04, 0.08 and 0.1) w/v for 2 hours at 25 ° C. The results of the experiments showed that Rice bran extract, Nano-Se solution and interaction of treatments were significant at the 1 % level on all studied traits, including germination percentage, root length, stem length, germination coefficient, relative content of water, chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll content. Also, the use of rice bran extract 0.1% increased the 15%. of root length but with Increasing the concentrations of bran extract root and shoot length decreased compared to control. Also, seeds priming with rice bran extract 0.2% and Nano- Se 0.8% increased the root length 37%. The highest germination percentage, the content of chlorophyll a and b, and stem length were obtained by applying 0.11% w / v Rice bran extract solution with 0.1% w/v of Nano-Se . Also, applying these treatments alone had positive and significant effects on the studied traits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - تولید عبارات موصولی توسط فراگیران زبان ایرانی: تاکید براثر آغازین جمله
Parinaz Khayatan Ahmadreza Lotfi بهرام هادیانپدیده انگیزش ذهنی بسیار در شاخه روانشناسی زبان استفاده شده است و اخیرا نیز مورد استفاده در گرایش آموزش زبان قرار گرفته است. انگیزش ذهنی به عنوان تمایل گوینده برای استفاده از ساختاری که قبلا شنیده یا بیان کرده است درگفتار بعدی تعریف شده است. این پدیده کاربردهای آموزشی فر Moreپدیده انگیزش ذهنی بسیار در شاخه روانشناسی زبان استفاده شده است و اخیرا نیز مورد استفاده در گرایش آموزش زبان قرار گرفته است. انگیزش ذهنی به عنوان تمایل گوینده برای استفاده از ساختاری که قبلا شنیده یا بیان کرده است درگفتار بعدی تعریف شده است. این پدیده کاربردهای آموزشی فراوان در آموزش زبان به یادگیرندگان بیگانه و تولید گرامر داشته است. این تحقیق بنا برآن دارد که به بررسی تاثییر انگیزش ذهنی بر تولید ساختار موصولی در مقابل ساختار صفت و اسم در کوتاه و بلند مدت بپردازد. شرکت کنندگان شامل 40 یادگیرنده خانم در رده سنی 18 تا 25 سال بودند. 20 نفر برای شرکت در گروه گواه و 20 نفر برای شرکت در گروه آزمایش گماشته شدند. داده ها از طریق آزمون تشخیص گرامری بودن جملات و توصیف عکس جمع آوری شدند. یافته ها نشان دادن که اگرچه بهبودی در کوتاه و بلند مدت در عملکرد یادگیرندگان اتفاق افتاد ولی این تاثییر معنا دار نبود. این یافته ها با توجه به پیچیدگی ساختاری ، سطح دانش یادگیرندگان از ساختار موصولی، و سطح مهارت آنان از زبان مورد بحث قرار گرفت. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - The Effects of Seed Priming with Acid Ascorbic on Seed Germination and Morphological Traits of Taverniera cuneifolia under Drought Stress
Fateme Alvani Ghasem Ali Dianati Tilaki Ehsan Sadati -
Open Access Article
53 - Effect of Seed Priming on Enhancement of Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Annual Sainfoin (Onobrychis crista-galli (L.) Lam.) in Medium and Long-term Collections of Gene Bank
Azadeh Kavandi Ali Ashraf Jafari Mojtaba Jafarzadeh -
Open Access Article
54 - Promotion of Seed Germination and Seedling Growth in Zygophyllum atriplicoides using Chemical, Mechanical, and Biological Priming Treatments
Seyed Hassan Kaboli Neda Ebrahimi Mohamad Abadi Farhad Rejali Ali Asghar Zolfaghari -
Open Access Article
55 - Enhancing the emergence characteristics of three populations of mountain thyme (Thymus kotschyanus) by using different priming methods
Mohammad Ali Alizadeh Mohaddeseh Forozesh Hamid Sobhanian Gholamreza Bakhshi Khaniki Ali Ashrafe Jafari -
Open Access Article
56 - Growth Responses of Secale cereale and S. ceremont to Priming Treatments under Salinity Stress
Seyed Morteza Araghi Shahri Ghasem Ali Dianati Tilaki Behzad Behtari Mohammad Ali Alizadeh -
Open Access Article
57 - Comparative Effects of Hydropriming and Halopriming on Germination Performance of Secale montanum Guss. under Salinity Stress
Seyed Morteza Araghi Shahri Ghasem Ali Dianati Tilaki Behzad Behtari Mohammad Ali Alizadeh -
Open Access Article
58 - The study of Yield and Yield Components of Red Beans in Condition of Drought Stress and Seed Pre-Treatment With Growth Regulators
منا محتشمی احمد نادری علی اکبر قنبری مجتبی علوی فاضل شهرام لکIn order to investigate the effect of seed priming with growth regulators on yield and yield components of red bean lines this research was conducted as spilt factorial in RCBD design with three replications. The treatment consists of three levels of irrigation (after e MoreIn order to investigate the effect of seed priming with growth regulators on yield and yield components of red bean lines this research was conducted as spilt factorial in RCBD design with three replications. The treatment consists of three levels of irrigation (after evaporation of 60-55, 85-80 and 115-110 mm) two lines of red beans ( KS31169 ,D81083) and seed priming including salicylic acid and naphthalene acetic acid at four levels (P0:control, distilled water; P1: 0.5 m mol L-1 NAA; P2: 0.7 m mol L-1 SA; P3: combination of SA and NAA at rates of 0.5 and 0.7 m mol L-1). The results showed that the simple effects and the interactive effects of genotype × seed priming with on all the studied traits were significant except for the harvest index and pod length. Maximum 100-seed weight of (44 g) and biological yield of (14715.88 kg h-1 ) were achieved in the KS31169 line through the use of (NAA), under irrigation after 80-85 mm evaporation. The seed yield of (3454.16 kg h-1) were observed through the use of (NAA) and (SA) pretreatments for drought stress treatment. The results of stepwise regression of yield and the related traits 88 % of grain yield changes was explained by biological yield, grain yield, harvest index, number of seeds per pod and seed weight. Generally, it can be concluded that seed pretreatment can help improve and develop the yield under drought stress, directly and indirectly by affecting the morphological and physiological properties of plants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Study the effect of pre-treatment of seed with hydrogen peroxide on physiological and yield attributes traits of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) under drought stress conditions
Omid Sadeghipour حوریه بابایی علیرضا پازکیIn order to evaluate the effect of seed priming with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on drought tolerance of mung bean this factorial pot experiment was carried out based on a completely randomized design with 4 replications in the research field of Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini, Sh MoreIn order to evaluate the effect of seed priming with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on drought tolerance of mung bean this factorial pot experiment was carried out based on a completely randomized design with 4 replications in the research field of Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini, Shahre-rey Branch, Islamic Azad University on 2013. The first factor was irrigation, including irrigation after 60 and 120 mm evaporation from pan evaporation as normal and drought conditions, respectively. The second factor was 5 levels of seed soaking in various concentrations of H2O2 (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 mM) for 6 hours. Results showed that drought stress significantly decreased plant height, biomass, yield and yield components, leaf area, relative chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance and relative water content. Nonetheless, pretreatment of seeds with 90 mM H2O2 increased all mentioned traits under drought conditions. This treatment raised seed yield of plant by 25% as compared to control under drought conditions. These results indicated that pretreatment with H2O2 improved growth and drought tolerance of mung bean plants by increasing chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, relative water content and leaf area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - The effect of hydropriming on germination and vegetative traits of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) under salinity stress conditions
khadijeh abbaszadeh mehdi sheykhpour farzin Abdolahi gholamReza sharifi- sirchiAbstract Priming is one of the seed enhancement methods that under stress conditions, such as salinity, temperature and drought, may result in increased seed performance (germination and emergence). This study was performed to evaluate the effects of priming on seed MoreAbstract Priming is one of the seed enhancement methods that under stress conditions, such as salinity, temperature and drought, may result in increased seed performance (germination and emergence). This study was performed to evaluate the effects of priming on seed germination, seedling emergence and establishment and yield performance of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) landrace from Shiraz under salinity stress at laboratory and field conditions. This study was conducted as a factorial with three replicates in a completely randomized design in the laboratory and complete randomized block design in the field. Treatments included combinations of three levels of hydropriming time (0, 12 and 24h) and four levels of salinity (0, 2.5, 5 and 7.5 ds/m) for field study with three replications. Results indicated that with increase in the stress levels, germination traits such as germination percent and rate, root and seedling length and dry weight, significantly decreased, while this decrease in primed seeds was less. In the field, seedling emergence rate and percentage, plant height, biological yield, weight of 1000 seeds and grain yield were significantly increased by hydropriming. Hydropriming treatment reduced the negative effects of salt stress on the fennel seeds and plants, so that in all traits, maximum improving effects was observed with 24h of hydropriming and this treatment significantly decreased the effects of salt stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Investigation of water deficit and physical seed priming effects on some morphophysiological traits and grain yield of maize (Zea mays L.)
Farhad Farahvash Reza Siyami Bahram Mirshekari Varahram Rashidi Alireza TarinejadTo investigate the physical seed priming of maize under water deficit, a split plot experiment based on completely randomized block design with three replications was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station of Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch in 2014. Main MoreTo investigate the physical seed priming of maize under water deficit, a split plot experiment based on completely randomized block design with three replications was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station of Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch in 2014. Main plots consisted of two irrigation levels (control and water deficit respectively 70 and 110 mm evaporations from class A pan) and sub plots of eleven levels of physical priming (gamma and beta rays with fixed velocity of two micro curie, laser with continuous wave He-Ne with wavelength 6328 angstrom, magnetic field with 40 Mt and ultrasonic waves with maximum 3 wat/cm2 in 5 and 10 minutes along with control, without any treatment). Based on the results obtained, grain yield and leaf area index decreased by 18.5 and 23% respectively under drought stress condition in comparison with normal irrigation (70 mm evaporation from the pan). Proline concentration of leaves increased under drought stress by 38% as compared with control treatment. The highest leaf area indices by using magnetic field and 5 minutes laser and gamma irradiations obtained to be 3.95. The highest grain yield belonged to treatment of 5 and 10 minutes of magnetic field and to treatments of 5 minutes gamma and laser irradiations. Increasing treatment time from 5 to10 minutes, of gamma and laser irradiations decreased grain yield by 20 and 17%, respectively. It can be concluded that physical seed priming by magnetic field, gamma and laser irradiations for short times can be recommended for higher grain yields. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - The Effect of Gibberellic Acid and Chilling Stratification on Seed Germination of Eastern Black Walnut (Juglans nigra L.)
P. Parvin M. Khezri I. Tavasolian H. Hosseini -
Open Access Article
63 - تأثیر اسید سالیسیلیک و تنش آبی بر کلروفیل برگ و روند تغییرات مراحل مختلف رشد گندم (Triticum aestivum L)
M. Sharafizad M.R. Naghashzadehبه منظور بررسی اثرات اسید سالیسیلیک و تنش آبی بر کلروفیل برگ و روند تغییرات مراحل مختلف رشد گندم (Triticum aestivum L.) رقم چمران، دو آزمایش مزرعه در سالهای 90-1389 و 1390-1390 انجام شد. هر آزمایش انجام شد. به صورت کرت های خرد شده فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصا Moreبه منظور بررسی اثرات اسید سالیسیلیک و تنش آبی بر کلروفیل برگ و روند تغییرات مراحل مختلف رشد گندم (Triticum aestivum L.) رقم چمران، دو آزمایش مزرعه در سالهای 90-1389 و 1390-1390 انجام شد. هر آزمایش انجام شد. به صورت کرت های خرد شده فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار. نتایج تجزیه ترکیبی نشان داد که سال تأثیر معنی داری بر کلروفیل برگ نداشته است. شرایط پرآبی و تنش آبی (Z55) به ترتیب دارای بیشترین و کمترین میزان کلروفیل بودند. زمان مصرف اسید سالیسیلیک و غلظت های مختلف اسید سالیسیلیک اثر معنی داری بر کلروفیل برگ داشتند. کلروفیل برگ در مراحل رویشی و زایشی با عملکرد دانه همبستگی مثبت و معنیداری داشت و در مرحله رشد دانه با عملکرد دانه همبستگی منفی معنیداری داشت. کلروفیل برگ در مرحله گلدهی با وزن هزار دانه همبستگی مثبت و معنیدار و در مرحله رشد دانه با وزن هزار دانه همبستگی منفی معنیداری داشت. دادهها نشان داد که کاربرد سالیسیلیک اسید منجر به افزایش کلروفیل برگ در مراحل رویشی و زایشی شد، بنابراین یک استراتژی مهم برای افزایش عملکرد در برابر اثرات مخرب تنش آبی بود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Influence of NaCl Seed Priming on Growth and Some Biochemical Attributes of Safflower Grown under Saline Conditions
ElouaerMohamed Aymen Ben Fredj Meriem Zhani Kaouther Hannachi CherifReserarch on Crop Ecophysiology Vol. 9/1, Issue 1 (2014), Pages:13 - 20 Original Research Influence of NaCl Seed Priming on Growth and Some Biochemical Attributes of Safflower Grown under Saline Condit MoreReserarch on Crop Ecophysiology Vol. 9/1, Issue 1 (2014), Pages:13 - 20 Original Research Influence of NaCl Seed Priming on Growth and Some Biochemical Attributes of Safflower Grown under Saline Conditions Elouaer Mohamed Aymen 1 *, Ben Fredj Meriem 1, Zhani Kaouther 1,Hannachi Cherif 1 Sousse University, High Institute of Agronomy, Chott Mariem, 4042, Tunisia * Corresponding author E-mail: aymenouaer@gmail.com Received: 17 July 2013 Accepted: 12 November 2013 Abstract This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of NaCl priming on growth traits and some biochemical attributes of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L. cv Safola) in salinity conditions. Seeds of safflower were primed with NaCl (5 g L-1) for 12 h in 23 °C. Primed (P) and non primed (NP) seeds were directly sown in the field. Experiments were conducted using various water concentrations induced by NaCl (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 g L-1) in salinity experiment. Results showed that growth (plant height, fresh and dry weight) and biochemical (chlorophyll, proline and proteins content) of plants derived from primed seeds were greater of about 15 to 30% than that of plants derived from non primed seeds. It seems that salinity tolerance in priming resulted plants was due to higher potential of these plants to accumulate more biochemical attributes (more chlorophylles, proline and proteins in primed plants than controls ones). Keywords: Biochemical attributes, Growth parameters, Safflower, Salinity, Seed priming Introduction Salt stress is certainly one of the most serious environmental factors limiting the productivity of crop plants (Ashraf, 1999). This is due to the fact that salinity affects most aspects of plant physiology, growth and development (Borsani et al., 2003). One metabolic response to salt stress is the synthesis of compatible osmolytes (Hasegawa et al., 2000). These organic compounds are thought to mediate osmotic adjustment, protecting cellular structures and oxidative damage by their free radical scavenging capacity (Smirnoff, 1993). Metabolic acclimation via the accumulation of compatible solutes is often regarded as a basic strategy for the protection and survival of plants under abiotic stress (Sakamoto and Murata, 2000 Shabala and Cuin, 2006). Many plant species accumulate significant amounts of glycine betaine, proline, and polyols in response to high salinity (Di Martino et al., 2003). In addition to the conventional role of these compatible solutes in cell osmotic adjustment (Bray, 1993), they are also suggested to act as low molecular-weight chaperones, stabilizing the photosystem II complex, protecting the structure of enzymes and proteins, maintaining membrane integrity and scavenging ROS (Mansour, 1998 Noiraud et al., 2001). The production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in cells increases during abiotic and biotic stresses like salt stress, as does the level of ROS-induced damage. Elevated production of ROS can seriously disrupt cellular homeostasis and normal metabolisms through oxidative damage to lipids, protein, and nucleic acid (Bandeoglu et al., 2004). Seed priming is a pre-sowing treatment that involves exposure of seeds to low external water potential that limits hydration. This hydration is sufficient to permit pre-germinative metabolic events but insufficient to allow radicle protrusion through the seed coat. This technique has become a common seed treatment that can increase emergence, growth, yield and salt tolerance mainly under unfavorable environmental conditions (Ashraf and Rauf 2001). Higher salt tolerance of plants from primed seed seems to be the results of a higher capacity of osmotic adjustment (proline or carbohydrate synthesis) in leaves. Sivritepe et al. (2003) confirmed that NaCl seed priming increased proline concentration and salt tolerance of melon seedlings. Farhoudi et al. (2007) suggested that canola seed priming with NaCl improved salinity tolerance in canola seedlings because it decreased cell membrane injury and increased seedling proline concentration. Seed priming is one of the physiological methods which improve plant growth and yield. Therefore, the present study was conducted to examine the effect of NaCl priming on some aspects of growth and physiology, including protein, chlorophyll and proline content of safflower under salt stress. Materials and methods The experiment was carried in the experimental field research of Chott Mariem High Institute of Agronomy, (Tunisia) in November 2011. Safflower seeds were primed with 5 g L-1 NaCl solution for 12 hours, at 22 °C. After priming, primed and non primed seeds (control seeds) were sown directly in the soil at the month of November. Throughout their vegetative cycles, plants from primed and control seeds were irrigated with saline water at five levels of NaCl concentrations (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 g L-1). The experiment was arranged as factorial in a completely randomized design with three replications and 20 plants per replication and two factors which were priming treatment (NaCl primed seeds and control seeds) and salinity levels (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 g L-1 NaCl). Photosynthetic pigments such as chlorophyll a and b content were calculated (663 and 640 nm) according to the method of Lichtenthaler (1987). Protein content was estimated at 595 nm according to the method of Bradford (1976) using bovine serum albumin as standard. Free proline was estimated at 520 nm according to the method of Bates et al. (1973) and pure proline was used as standard. Plants were harvested at the flowering stage and were recorded on shoot fresh and dry weight (g plant-1), shoot chlorophyll a content (mg g-1fresh weight), shoot chlorophyll b content (mg g-1 fresh weight), shoot chlorophyll (a + b) content (mg g-1 fresh weight), shoot proline content (μg.g-1 fresh weight), shoot protein content (mg.g-1 fresh weight). Growth and biochemical parameters of safflower were evaluated with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan multiple range test (p NP P NP P NP P NP P NP 162a 143c 153b 135cd 141c 122e 132d 118f 124e 109g 423a 214c 312b 165d 156de 146e 143e 129f 131f 98g 158a 119c 142b 106d 109d 93e 98e 86f 77g 58h Means followed by the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level according to Duncan test. P: Primed seed, NP: Non Primed seed Table 2. Effect of NaCl priming and salinity on chlorophyll, proline and proteins contents of safflower under NaCl stress Treatments Chlr (a) (mg g-1 F.Wt.) Chlr (b) (mg g-1 F.Wt.) Chlr (a + b) (mg g-1 F.Wt.) Proline (μg g-1 F. Wt.) Proteins (mg g-1 F. Wt.) Seed Priming NaCl (g L-1) 0 3 6 9 12 P NP P NP P NP P NP P NP 1.628a 1.236e 1.532b 1.195f 1.402c 0.952fg 1.306d 0.806g 1.224e 0.671h 0.824a 0.627c 0.706b 0.514d 0.596d 0.394f 0.467e 0.271g 0.334f 0.194h 2.574a 1.914c 2.298b 1.704e 2.094b 1.692e 1.802d 1.042g 1.604f 0.834h 61.18e 52.52f 102.24d 62.02e 119.84c 104.68cd 154.67b 114.52c 196.42a 158.08b 0.385e 0.197h 0.421d 0.243g 0.474c 0.286f 0.502b 0.306ef 0.543a 0.342ef Means followed by the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level according to Duncan test. P: Primed seed, NP: Non Primed seed Maximum shoot proline content of 196.42 μg g-1 fresh weight was recorded in plant derived from primed (P) seeds from the treatment applied with 12 g L-1 NaCl. Minimum proline content of 52.52 μg g-1 fresh weight was recorded from plant derived from control seeds with the application of 0 g L-1 NaCl. Highest shoot protein content was recorded in plant derived from primed seeds with the application of 12 g L-1 NaCl (0.543 mg g -1 Fresh Weight). The Lowest shoot proteins were observed in plant derived from control seeds with the application of 0 g L-1 NaCl (0.197 mg g-1 Fresh Weight). The treatment of seed priming has increased shoot protein content by 35% in primed seed (P) than non primed seed (NP). Mean values of the data revealed significant increase in shoot protein content with the application of additional increment of salinity. Shoot protein content was enhanced with the application of 3, 6, 9 and 12 g L-1 salinity levels, respectively. Discussion The present study confirmed that plant height recorded in plants derived from primed seeds were significantly different from non-primed treatments when exposed to different salinity levels. Similar results are also reported by Sivritepe et al. (2003) in melon. It was observed that boosting levels of salinity has gradually decreased plant height which might be due to decreased physiological activities resulting from water and nutrients stress occurring under salinity stress. The adverse effect of salinity on plants may lead to disturbances in plant metabolism, which consequently led to reduction of plant growth and productivity (Shafi et al., 2009). Seed priming and salinity levels have extensively affected shoot fresh and dry weight (g plant-1) of safflower. Shoot weight decreased progressively with the rise of stress level compared with control. Fortmeir and Swchuber (1995) also reported similar results in barley. The increase in salinity levels resulted in the development of water and nutrient stresses. The toxic effect of sodium at high salt levels and physical damage to roots decreased their ability to absorb water and nutrient which caused marked reduction in photosynthesis, enzymatic process and protein synthesis (Tester and Davenport, 2003), which resulted in stunted growth and poor leaf area development. The decrease in the rate of photosynthesis due to leaf area might be responsible to decrease shoot fresh and in turn dry weight. It is evident from results that primed seeds in comparison with control seeds resulted in more crop growth rate (Basra et al., 2003). Therefore, it is concluded that seed priming could be more effective in improving safflower growth parameters. These results agree with the finding of Harris et al. (2001) and Basra et al. (2003). They reported greater plant weight following seed priming. Salinity drastically affects photosynthesis due to decreasing chlorophyll content and commonly showed adverse effects on membrane stability (Parida et al., 2002). Salinity reduced the chlorophyll a and b content with increasing NaCl concentrations. Increasing salinity decreased chlorophyll content in plants (Scalet et al., 1995). Salinity caused decreases in phototsynthetic pigment contents and photosystem II electron transport activity in plants (Potluri and Devi Prasad, 1996). The reduction of photosynthetic pigment in the present study might have been degradation of chlorophyll by chlorophyllase and reactive oxygen species generated during photorespiration under salinity. Salt induced osmotic stress as well as sodium toxicity trigger to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such superoxide (O2.), hydrogen peroxide (HO), hydroxyl radical (OH) and singlet oxygen (O2-), which can damage mitochondria and chloroplast by disrupting cellular structure (Singh et al., 1987). It is attributed to a salt-induced weakening of protein-pigment-lipid complex and due to the suppression of the specific enzyme which is responsible for synthesis of green pigments (Souza et al., 2004) or increases chlorophyllase enzyme activity (Sreenivasulu et al., 1999). Leslie and Romani (1988) have showed that salicylic acid seed priming treatment stimulates photosynthetic machinery and increase the content of chlorophyll. El-Tayeb (2005) has found that Barley seeds presoaked with 1mM salicylic acid under salinity (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 mM NaCl) increased the photosynthetic pigment like chlorophyll ‘a’, ‘b’ and caratenoids in shoots and roots of 15 day old seedlings compared to seedlings treated with NaCl alone. In the present investigation, seed priming with NaCl had maintained significantly higher total chlorophyll contents and its fractions ‘a’ and ‘b’ compared to control which recorded highest reduction. Similar increase in chlorophyll content has been reported by several authors, Saha and Gupta (1998) in mungbean, Afria et al. (1998) in Gaur and Cengiz et al. (2002) in tomato. The increase in chlorophyll content in these treatments was attributed to decrease in chlorophyllase activity and de novo synthesis of structural component of proteins which are responsible for chlorophyll degradation (Subater and Rodriguez, 1978). Proline plays an important role in reducing the injurious effects of salinity and an acceleration of the repairing processes following stresses. Proline has already been reported to act as an osmoprotectant and associated with mechanism of salt tolerance under salinity stresses (Yu Lei and Shaozheng, 2000). It protects folded protein structures against denaturation, stabilizes cell membranes by interacting with phospholipids, functions as a hydroxyl radical scavenger, or serves as an energy and nitrogen source (Aspinal and Paleg, 1981). Accumulation of solutes like proline can help the plant systems to adopt in saline environment (Garcia et al., 1997). Sivritepe et al. (2003) confirmed that, NaCl seed priming increased proline concentration and salt tolerance in melon seedling, under saline condition compared to non-priming seed. Farhoudi et al. (2007) suggested that canola seed priming with NaCl improved salinity tolerance in canola seedling because seed priming decreased seedling cell membrane damage and increased seedling proline concentration. Recent studies suggest that proline may play as an enzyme stabilizing role (Bhattacharjee and Mukherjee 2002 Maggio et al., 2002) and reduce lipid peroxidation (Jain et al., 2001 Farhoudi et al., 2007) under salt stress. Our results showed that safflower shoot from Primed group had the highest proline concentration under the highest salinity level. Proteins that accumulate in plants under saline conditions may provide a storage form of nitrogen that is re-utilized later (Turan et al., 2007) and may play a role in osmotic adjustment. Proteins may be synthesized de novo in response to salt stress or may be present constitutively at low concentration and increase when plants are exposed to salt stress (Pareek et al., 1997). In the present study, both salt stress and NaCl seed priming caused an increase in shoot protein. However, this effect was more in plant derived from primed seed than plant derived from control seed. While working with wheat, Al-Hakimi and Hamada (2001) found that seed priming with ascorbic acid counteracted adverse effects of salt stress by increasing leaf soluble proteins, which protect the membrane and membrane bound enzymes (Jeng and Sung, 1994). Thus, increased in leaf protein due to seed priming was one of the reasons that contributed in improved growth of safflower under saline conditions. Conclusions In conclusion, this study showed that salt stress decrease safflower growth but NaCl priming helps plants to decrease salt stress injury. Seed priming has positive effects on plant height, shoot fresh and dry weights of safflower. Chlorophylls, proline and proteins concentrations were accumulated in plants derived from primed seeds. It has been suggested that a higher concentration of those biochemical attributes could increase tolerance of safflower plants derived from primed seeds to environmental stresses such as salinity. Therefore, NaCl seed priming could be used as presowing treatment to improve agronomic performance of safflower under saline conditions. References Afria BS, Nathawat NS, Yadav ML. 1998. Effect of cycocel and saline irrigation of physiological attributes, yield and its components in different varieties of Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L. Taub). Indian Journal of Plant Physiology, 3(1): 46-48. Al-Hakimi AMA, Hamada AM. 2001. Counteraction of salinity stress on wheat plants by grain soaking in ascorbic acid, thiamin or sodium salicylate. Biol. Plant, 44: 253-261. Ashraf M. 1999. Breeding for salinity tolerance proteins in plants. Critical Review of Plant Science, 13: 17-42. Ashraf M, Rauf H. 2001. Inducing salt tolerance in maize (Zea mays L.) through seed priming with chloride salts: Growth and ion transport at early growth stages. Acta Physiol. Plant., 23: 407 – 414. Aspinall D, Paleg LG. 1981. Proline Accumulation, Physiological Aspects. In: The Physiology and Biochemistry of Drought Resistance in Plants, Paleg, L.G. and D. Aspinall (Eds.). Academic Press, New York, pp: 206-240. Bandeoglu E, Eyidogan F, Yucel M, Octel HA. 2004. Antioxydants responses of shoots and roots of lentil to NaCl salinity stress. Plant Growth Regulation, 42: 69-77. Basra SMA, Ehsanullah E, Warraich A, Cheema MA, Afzal I. 2003. Effect of storage on growth and yield of primed canola seed. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 117-120. Bates LE, Waldren RP. 1973. Teare Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies. 29. Plant and soil, 39: 205-207. Bhattacharjee S, Mukherjee AK. 2002. Salt stress induced cytosolute accumulation, antioxidant response and membrane deterioration in three rice cultivars during early germination. Seed Science and Technologies, 30: 279-287. Borsani O, Valpuesta V, Botella MA. 2003. Developing salt tolerant plants in a new century: A molecular biology approach. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 73: 101-115. Bradford MM. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principles of protein-dye-linding. Analytical Biochemistry, 72: 248-254. Bray EA. 1993. Molecular responses to water deficit. Plant Physiology, 103: 1035–1040. Cengiz K, David H, Ali I. 2002. 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Methods in Enzymology, 148: 350-382. Maggio A, Dalton F, Piccinni G. 2002. The effect of elevated carbon dioxide on static and dynamic induced for tomato salt tolerance. European Journal of Agronomy, 16: 197-206. Mansour MMF. 1998. Protection of plasma membrane of onion epidermal cells by glycine betaine and proline against NaCl stress. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 36: 767–772. Noiraud N, Maurousset L, Lemoine R. 2001. Transport of polyols in higher plants. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 39: 717–728. Pareek A, Singla SL, Grover A. 1997. Salt responsive proteins/genes in crop plants, in: P.K. Jaiwal, R.P. Singh, A. Gulati (Eds.), Strategies for Improving Salt Tolerance in Higher Plants, Oxford and IBH Publication Co., New Delhi, 365–391. Parida AK, Das AB, Das P.2002. NaCl stress cause changes in photosynthetic pigments, protein and other metabolic compounds in the leaves of a true mangrove, Bruguiera parviflora, in hydroponic cultures. Journal of Plant Biology, 45: 28-36. Potluri SD, Devi Prasad PV. 1996. Influence of salinity on axillary bud cultures of six lowland tropical varieties of potato (Solanum tuberosum). Plant cell Tissue Organ Cult., 32: 185-191. Saha K, Gupta K. 1998. Effect of triazoles and CCC on growth, yield and metabolism and mung bean plants under salinity stress. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology, 3(2): 107-111. Sakamoto A, Murata N. 2000. Genetic engineering of glycinebetaine synthesis in plants: current status and implications for enhancement of stress tolerance. Journal Experimental Botany, 51: 81–88. Scalet M, Federice R, Guido MC, Manes F. 1995. Peroxidase activity and polyamine changes in response to ozone and simulated acid rain in Aleppo pine needles. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 35: 417-425. Shabala, S., and T.A. Cuin 2006. Osmoregulation versus osmoprotection: re-evaluating the role of compatible solutes. In: Teixeira da Silva J, ed. Floriculture, ornamental and plant biotechnology, advances and topical issues. Tokyo, Japan: Global Science Books, 405–416. Shafi M, Bakht J, Raziuddin G, Zhang J. 2009. Effect of Cadmium and Salinity stresses on growth and antioxidant enzymes activity of wheat genotypes. Bulletin of Environmental contamination Toxicology, 82(6): 772-776. Singh NK, Brakar CA, Hasogawa PM, Handa AK, Buckles MA, Hermodsm P, Tranckoch E, Restier FE, Bressan RA. 1987. Characterization of osmotic automation like protein association with osmotic adaptation in plant. Plant Physiology, 85: 829-536. Sivritepe, N., H.O. Sivritepe, A. Eris. 2003. The effect of NaCl priming on salt tolerance in melon seedling grown under saline condition. Scientia Horticularae, 97: 229-237. Smirnoff N. 1993. The role of active oxygen in the response of plants to water deficit and desiccation. New Phytologist, 27-58. Souza, RP, Machado EC, Silva JAB, Lagoa AMMA, Silveria JAB. 2004. Photosynthetic gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence nd some associated metabolic changes in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata ) during water stress and recovery. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 51: 45-56. Sreenivasulu N, Ramanjulu S, Ramachandra-Kini K, Prakash H.S, Shekar-Shetty H, Savithri H.S, Sudhakar C. 1999. Total peroxidase activity and peroxidase isoforms as modified by salt stress in two cultivars of fox-tail millet differential salt tolerance. Plant Science, 141: 1-9. Storey R, Wyn Jones RG. 1975. Betaine and choline levels in plants and their relationship to NaCl stress. Plant Science Letters, 4: 161-168. Subater B, Rodriguez MT. 1978. Control of chlorophyll degradation in detached leaves of barley and oat through effect of kinetin on chlorophyllase levels. Physiology of Plantarum, 43: 274-276. Tester M, Davenport R. 2003. Na+ tolerance and Na+ transport in higher plants. Annales of Botany, 9: 503-527. Turan MA, Turkmer N, Taban N. 2007. Effect of NaCl on stomatal resistance and proline chlorophyll, NaCl and K concentrations of lentil plants. Journal of Agronomy, 6: 378-381. Yu Lei MK, Shaozheng L. 2000. Research on salt tolerance of some tree species on muddy seashore of north China. In International seminar on “Prospects for saline agriculture”. April 10-12, 2000, Islamabad (Pakistan). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - effect of seed priming with gibberellic acid and salicylic acid on seed germination characteristics of turnip in different temperature conditions
masoumeh meshkinfam hesari Majid RahimizadeThis study was conducted to investigate effect of Salicylic acid and Gibberllic acid to the reaction of turnip seed temperature and relative to the pretreatment premier herbal physiology lab in azad university of bojnourd in academic year of 2015-2016 has done. The expe MoreThis study was conducted to investigate effect of Salicylic acid and Gibberllic acid to the reaction of turnip seed temperature and relative to the pretreatment premier herbal physiology lab in azad university of bojnourd in academic year of 2015-2016 has done. The experiment for factorial informat of totally random repeated for 4 times. The hormones growth promoters contains Gibberllic acid in the amount of 0, 250, 500 mg/l for 24 hours and Salicylic acid in the amount of 0, 250, 500 mg/l for 10 hours at different temperatures of 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 Ċ in 12 days germination examined. After reviewing the results can be stated, The use of seed priming increased germination rate and uniformity of emergence in different temperature conditions to 30 ° C was effective and could reduce the time to 50% germination, In general can say to use of Gibberellic acid prime at a concentration of 500 mg/l And Salicylic acid treatment with concentration of 250 mg/l At higher temperatures reduce the effects of thermal stress on Index germination and seedling components And improve the germination. Manuscript profile -
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66 - Effects of seed priming on by different physical germination, physiological and morphological characteristics in sunflower (Helianthus annuus)
S. Baser kouchebagh F. Farahvash B. Mirshekari F. Rahimzadeh Khoei H. Kazemi ArbatIn order to study the effect of different seed treatments on germination of sunflower, on experiment was conducted in laboratory and greenhouse stages with completely randomized design and three replications in laboratory and four replications in greenhouse, in research MoreIn order to study the effect of different seed treatments on germination of sunflower, on experiment was conducted in laboratory and greenhouse stages with completely randomized design and three replications in laboratory and four replications in greenhouse, in researcher Faculty of Islamic Azad University of Tabriz in 2013. Treatments included, ultrasonic treatments with maximum (3 w.m-2) and gamma and beta irradiation treatments (2 µc) for 10 minutes laser treatments (6328A°) and magnetic field (40 MT) in three time (5, 10, 15 minutes) on wet seed, hydro-priming for 24 hourse and control. Results indicate that maximum final germination percentage was by seed treatments with laser irradiation for 10 minutes (nearly by 98.33%). Cultivating after hydro-priming, seedling length ratio to control inceased 99%. Highest vigor index was magnetic field treatment for 5 minutes. Highest root length was magnetic field treatment for 15 minutes. Magnetic field treatment for 15 minutes had the most effect on plant height with 93 mm when sunflower seeds that were treated by magnetic field for 15 minutes were cultivated stem dry weight ratio to control increased nearly 121%. Lowest stem dry weight was by gamma irradiation (12.16 g). Results show that physical irradiation treatments are for recommended for increased product. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Effect of seed priming with gibberellic acid and salicylic acid on seed germination characteristics of turnip in different temperature conditions
M. Meshing Fam M. Rahimi ZadehThis study was conduct to investigate effect of Salicylic acid and Gibberellic acid to the reaction of turnip seed temperature and relative to the pretreatment premier herbal physiology lab in Azad University of bojnourd in academic year of 2015-2016 has done. The exper MoreThis study was conduct to investigate effect of Salicylic acid and Gibberellic acid to the reaction of turnip seed temperature and relative to the pretreatment premier herbal physiology lab in Azad University of bojnourd in academic year of 2015-2016 has done. The experiment for factorial in format of very random repeated for 4 times. The hormones growth promoters contain in the amount of 0, 250, 500 mg/l for 24 hours and Salicylic acid in the amount of 0, 250, 500 mg/l for 10 hours at different temperatures of 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 Ċ in 12 days' germination examined. After reviewing the results can be stated that the use of seed priming increased germination rate and uniformity of emergence in different temperature conditions to 30 ° C was effective and could reduce the time to 50% germination, In general can say to use of Gibberellic acid prime at a concentration of 500 mg/l And Salicylic acid treatment with concentration of 250 mg/l At higher temperatures reduce the effects of thermal stress on Index germination and seedling components And improve the germination Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Study of priming on the germination traits of corn (K. Sc640)
reza Rezaei Sokhat Abandani ahmad Mohseni mehdi Ramezani hamid reza Mobassar To study of priming effect on characteristics of germination in corn seedling, an experiment was done based on CRD with three replications in the farm research of Qaemshahr Islamic Azad University in 2010. Treatments were considered as polyethylene glycol (P More To study of priming effect on characteristics of germination in corn seedling, an experiment was done based on CRD with three replications in the farm research of Qaemshahr Islamic Azad University in 2010. Treatments were considered as polyethylene glycol (PEG) with densities 5 and 10 percent, potassium nitrate (KNo3) with densities 1 and 2 percent, potassium chloride (KC1) with densities 2 and 4 percent, water and control (without prime). The results showed that the maximum germination rate for polyethylene glycol prime solution obtained with potassium nitrate with densities 10 and 1 percent and hydro priming (water) and maximum rootlet length and germination average obtained for control and potassium nitrate 1 percent. The maximum length of rootlet to prime obtained with potassium nitrate 1 percent and lowest rootlet length and stems to prime potassium nitrate and potassium chloride with densities 2 and 4 percent. The maximum germination rate index, mean daily germination and mean time to germinate obtained priming with potassium nitrate and potassium chloride with densities 2 and 4 percent and highest dry weight of rootlet to stem obtained priming potassium chloride with 4 percent. The highest wet weight rate of rootlet to stem obtained priming potassium chloride with densities 4 percent and minimum vigor ii index obtained with primed product by potassium nitrate and potassium chloride with densities 2 and 4 percent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - The effect of priming and its period on germination and seedling growth of forage sorghum (speedfeed)
M. Ramezani R. Rezaei sokht-Abandani In order to study the effects on germination properties of forage sorghum (speedfeed) priming an experiment was performed in factorial shape and in the mould of totally accidental design in 3 replications in Qaemshahr azad university in 20 More In order to study the effects on germination properties of forage sorghum (speedfeed) priming an experiment was performed in factorial shape and in the mould of totally accidental design in 3 replications in Qaemshahr azad university in 2010. The treatments had PEG of 5 and 10 percent density, KNO3 of 1 and 2 percent density, KCL of 2 and 4 percent density and in the period of 4, 8 and 16 hours.The results showed that the most caulicle length was gained under 16 hours treatment and priming of 4 percent density. But the most caulicle KCL and seedling length was gained under time treatments and KCL priming of 4 percent density during 16 hours.The most length ratio of ridicule and caulicle CRLS was also gained by PEG priming of 10 percent density during four hours. About the most wet weight ratio R/S, and the dry weight ratio R/S, they were seen by KNO3 and PEG of 1 and 5 percent density in the period of 4 and 16 hours. The most germination rate was also gained by PEG of 10 percent density and during 8 hours. The most and the least normal bud was gained by KNO3 and KCL priming of 1 and 4 percent density in common duration of 4 hours, respectively. Manuscript profile -
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70 - Effects of seed priming and planting density on the forage wet yield of silage corn (S.C704) in delay planting
F. Alipour-Abokhely H.R. Mobasser M. Mohseny E. Rahimi Petroudi Seed priming in the delayed cropping have increased chances of plant establishment and leads to increase yield. In order to an experiment was carried out as split-split plot based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) in four replicat More Seed priming in the delayed cropping have increased chances of plant establishment and leads to increase yield. In order to an experiment was carried out as split-split plot based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) in four replications in Mazandaran Agriculture Research Center, Qaemshahr, Iran in 2010. Delayed sowing dates were at two levels (27 July and 13 August) as the main factor and plant density on two levels (70 and 90 thousand plants per hectare) as the sub factor and the sub-sub factor in four levels seed priming including; control no seed priming, pure water, PEG concentration 8% and KNO3 concentration 0.5%. The results showed that fresh weight per plant and forage yield per hectare lower than delay planting with 19.4 and 24.0 %, respectively. Because the plant height (12.3%), leaf (22.7%) and ear diameter (12.9%) were lower. Ratio the fresh ear weight to total in delay planting 8.8% had increase. Forage yield in 90000 plants per hectare was more than 70000 plants per hectare with 11.5%. Percent lignin with increasing plant density 4.7% was higher. Priming statistically on forage yield had not significant effect. But the highest number of ear and ratio ear fresh weight to total and the lowest ratio stem fresh weight to total was obtained in PEG. Maximum ear diameter was obtained with pure water. Manuscript profile -
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71 - The effects of seed priming on germination traits of Triticale in salinity stress conditions
Hamidreza KHazaie Ahmad Nezami Majid Dashti Hamidreza Mehrabadi This research was conducted in order to effects of seed priming on germination traits of salt sensitive Triticale line (ET-82-8) under salinity stress conditions. Priming treatments were done by distilled water (Hydro primed) and dif More This research was conducted in order to effects of seed priming on germination traits of salt sensitive Triticale line (ET-82-8) under salinity stress conditions. Priming treatments were done by distilled water (Hydro primed) and different osmotic potential (-1, -1.5 and -2 Mpa) of NaCl and PEG6000 for 6, 12 and 24 hours compared with dry untreated seeds. The seeds were raised and dried after priming, then planted in petri dishes. Salinity treatments were applied by different osmotic potential of NaCl (0, -0.5, -1 and 1.5 Mpa) in germinator with 20◦C temperature. Factorial experiment was used in CRD with three replications. Results showed that germination rate, root and shoot length and seed vigour significantly increased when seeds hydro primed for 6 hours in no salt stress conditions comparing to no primed seeds, while root and shoot weight and seed germination was not affected. Seed hydro priming for 24 hours negatively affected all traits in both no stress and salt stress conditions. Increased salt stress up to -1 Mpa hydro primed seeds for 6 hours showed better germination rate and vigour than no primed seeds. Seed osmopriming with NaCl and PEG6000 significantly increased length and weight of shoot compare to hydro primed seeds in moderate salt stress (-1 MPa). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - Effect of Zeolite Application and Seed Priming with Salicylic Acid on Decreasing the Cd Concentration of Inoculated Plant with Piriformospora indica Fungus under Drought Stress
Amir Hossein Baghaie -
Open Access Article
73 - The effect of seed Priming and planting date on yield and yield components of wheat Chamran variety in north of Khuzestan.
Shapour Lorzadeh Mehran SharafizadehIn order to investigate effect of seed priming and plantig date on yield and yield components of wheat Chamran variety the research in both laboratory and field in Dezful –Safiabad research center in 2014-2015 was conducted. Treatments include priming with salicyl MoreIn order to investigate effect of seed priming and plantig date on yield and yield components of wheat Chamran variety the research in both laboratory and field in Dezful –Safiabad research center in 2014-2015 was conducted. Treatments include priming with salicylic acid in the four levels {control (distilled water), 0.7, 1.2, 1.7 mM} and four levels of planting date (10 December, 20 December, 30 December, 9 January) in the factorial design based on randomized completely design was conducted at research farm of Agriculture Research Center. The results showed that the effect of planting date on yield and its components were significant at the 1% level. Traits in the latest sowing date significantly decreased. Grain yield in the third planting date (10 January) the highest amount (6207.7 kg / ha).The highest biological yield and harvest index the amount of (14155 kg / ha) and (44.03%) in the third planting date were observed, respectively. In general, the traits were significantly decreased in the last planting date. So to achieve the highest yield, at a concentration of 7.0 mM priming and culture of 10 January date is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Effects of Biopriming with Trichoderma Fungi on Germination and Some Vegetative characteristics of Soybean and Canola
zahra rezaloo ghasem tohidloo samira shahbazi Hamed AskariIn order to investigate the effect of biopriming with selected species of Trichoderma on the morphological and germination characteristics of Canola (Brassica napus) seedlings, and soybean (Glycine max) cultivar Williams, an experiment was conducted in a randomized comp MoreIn order to investigate the effect of biopriming with selected species of Trichoderma on the morphological and germination characteristics of Canola (Brassica napus) seedlings, and soybean (Glycine max) cultivar Williams, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The effect of gamma-mutation on Trichoderma genome and its effectiveness was investigated. Experiment with three levels of inoculation: control (non-inoculation), Inoculation with formulations from spores of wild type Trichoderma and inoculation with mutant isolates of the same species, at the Nuclear Agriculture Research Institute was carried out. Evaluation of germination indices (Germination percentage, stem length and root and seedlings and their fresh and dry weight and vigor index) based on ISTA standard implemented. Soybean bioprimed seeds with Trichoderma in most of measured indicators had significant difference with other treatments and growth components, especially in initial development and early growth stages were improved. In Canola seeds, all germination indices were decreased by biopriming with Trichoderma and in the most of the indices, there were no significant differences between wild type and mutant Trichoderma treatments. Overall, the results of this study showed, using seed biopriming with Trichoderma had different effects on plant growth parameters, and use of this technique needs case study for each plant genome. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Study of yield, vegetative traits and seed germination of pinto bean produced from biopriming with Trichoderma
zahra rezaloo ghasem tohidloo samira shahbaziIncreasing germination percentage and growth indices is important by using methods such as biopriming. The present study aims to investigate effect of biopriming with a number of selected species of native Trichoderma fungi of Iran on yield, germination, vegetative and MoreIncreasing germination percentage and growth indices is important by using methods such as biopriming. The present study aims to investigate effect of biopriming with a number of selected species of native Trichoderma fungi of Iran on yield, germination, vegetative and morphological components of Talash vriety bean seedlings. Also, the effect of induced-mutation by gamma irradiation on the Trichoderma genome and probebly increase in the efficiency of biopriming via using mutated Trichoderma isolates was studied. Experiments with three treatments: control (non-inoculation), Inoculated with wild type Trichoderma based bio-formulation and inoculation with mutants Trichoderma, at the Nuclear Agriculture Research Institute in the form of a completely randomized design with four replications were done. Evaluation of indices (Germination percentage; seedlings, stems and roots length ; their fresh and dry weight and vigor index) based on the ISTA standard method and yield in greenhouse was implemented. Results showed, bean seeds biopriming method with bio-formulations of Trichoderma species (wild type and mutant), plant's yield increased significantly compared to control. Germination percentage of seeds was significantly higher than control in fungal treatments. The important trait of dry weight has also increased compared to control and also had significant difference with control. The length of seedlings of bioprimed with Trichoderma was shorter than the control. Most of the indicators were significantly higher in the one percent level than control. Overally, the results of this study shows, in bean plants, the use of bio-priming seeds with Trichoderma, improves plant growth parameters especially in establishment and its early growth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - Effects of Potassium Nitrate on Germination Characteristics and Early Growth of Sunflower under Salinity and Drought Stresses
Seyed Mohsen SeyediIn order to study the effect of priming sunflower seeds by potassium nitrate on germination seeds was conducted experiments in salinity and drought conditions. Location of experiments was Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu Ali Sina University, Hamedan. Sa MoreIn order to study the effect of priming sunflower seeds by potassium nitrate on germination seeds was conducted experiments in salinity and drought conditions. Location of experiments was Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu Ali Sina University, Hamedan. Salinity experiment was conducted as factorial based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two factor of seed priming and salinity and three replications. Priming levels included control and seed treatment by potassium nitrate and salinity levels included 0, -2, -4, -6, and -8 bar. Also, drought experiment was conducted as factorial based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two factor of seed priming and drought levels in three replications. Drought experiment treatment included control (non-priming) and priming by potassium nitrate and drought stress treatment were five levels (0, -2, -4, -6, and -8 bar). The results of two experiments showed that increasing in salinity and drought stress, decreased germination components including germination, germination rate and dry weight of seedlings. However, this reduction was lower for seeds that were treated by potassium nitrate. In terms of the studied traits, at all of the levels of salinity and drought treatment seeds were better than control seeds. In general, it can be concluded that the priming of sunflower seeds by potassium nitrate improved the germination components under salinity and drought stress and can increase sunflower plant resistant against these stresses in the germination stage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Effect of seed priming and potassium fertilizer on yield and yield components of canola in different planting dates
Hamid HatamiTo evaluate the priming effect and potassium on yield and yield components of rapeseed cv. Okapi at different planting dates, an experiment was conducted during 2012 at Bojnourd. Factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with four replications in MoreTo evaluate the priming effect and potassium on yield and yield components of rapeseed cv. Okapi at different planting dates, an experiment was conducted during 2012 at Bojnourd. Factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with four replications in two planting dates was conducted (1 October and 1 November). Factors examined included two levels of seed priming (non-Prime and priming solution of KNO3 ,-1 MPa for 24 h) and potassium fertilizer levels (zero, 75 and 150 kg K2o. ha). After analyzing the results of two simple planting date, were combined for analysis. Combined analysis of variance showed that all three experimental factors affect the number of pods per plant, grain yield, harvest index, and oil yield had significant impact. Planting date and priming showed a significant effect on 1000 seed weight. Planting date 1 October compared with 1 November, seed priming compared with non- Prime and potassium fertilizer consumption compared with no use, the characteristics were significantly increased. Therefore Planting date 1 October was optimum planting date on canola in the region, and in case of delay in sowing seed, priming done with a solution of KNO3 (-1 MPa for 24 h) or K2o consumption of 75-150 kg per hectare is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - Study of priming (hydro priming, salicylic acid and nano silver atomic) seed on the improve indices germination and seedling growth triticale (X Triticosecale Vittmack) under salt stress
Nafiseh Arab AliKhani Farshad Ghooshchi Alireza Safahani langerudiSalinity of the limiting factors crop production in world. For interdict of effects harmful this salinity an test order to the effect of priming (hydro priming, salicylic acid and nano silver atomic) seed on the improve indices germination and seedling growth triticale MoreSalinity of the limiting factors crop production in world. For interdict of effects harmful this salinity an test order to the effect of priming (hydro priming, salicylic acid and nano silver atomic) seed on the improve indices germination and seedling growth triticale (x triticosecale vittmack) under salt stress operating on four levels of salinity (0,6,10,14 dsm-1) and, salisylic acid 20 ppm and nano silver particles 10 ppm). This research in a factorial completely randomized design with three replications implement in the laboratory expertise Agricultural University- Varamin in year 2014- 2015. The results showed that high salinity stress reduce rate and percentage of germination in testes standard germination and cold test and accelerated aging test. Interactive effects of salinity and nano silver particles and Salicylic acid could also have a significant effect on the length seedling, length plumule, length root and rate of germination and rising tension in the plant (at 14 dsm-1), nano silver particles and Salicylic acid failed to prevent damage to the plant. most rate germination in treatment without salinity and pretreatment salicylic acid with mean 8.07 seed in day and least rate germination product in treatment salinity 14dsm-1 and un priming with mean 2.68 seed in day. most length seedling, length root, length plumule in treatment without salinity and pretreatment nano sillver mean order occur by 191 mm, 105mm, 85mm and least quantity factors mean order cause by mean 72mm, 34mm, 37 mm in treatment salinity 14dsm-1 and un priming. most rate appearance seedling accrue in treatment without salinity with mean 10/81% and least rate appearance seedling in salinity 14dsm-1 with mean 7/91 and in treatments priming most rate appearance seedling in treatment nano silver with mean 10/57 % and least that come in treatment un priming with mean 6/85.in treatments salinity most rate germination in cold test in treatment control with mean 65% and least that accrue in salinity 14dsm-1 with mean 43% .most percentage germination in treatment nano silver with mean 62% and least that accrue in treatment control with 37%. in treatments salinity most percentage germination in accelerated aging test in treatment control with mean 52% and least that in salinity 14dsm-1 with mean 30%.in accelerated aging test most percentage germination in treatment nano silver with mean 51% and least that accrue in treatment control with mean 29%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - Priming effect of auxin and gibberellic acid on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics bean plant (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under salt stress
Mojtaba Aghebat Bekheir Golfrani Farshad Ghooshchi meysam oveysiIn order to evaluate the effect of auxin and gibberellic acid priming on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics bean plant (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in terms of soil salinity project in the laboratory and greenhouse Shnasy- Physiology, Islamic Azad University o MoreIn order to evaluate the effect of auxin and gibberellic acid priming on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics bean plant (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in terms of soil salinity project in the laboratory and greenhouse Shnasy- Physiology, Islamic Azad University of Varamin rector in 1393 was performed. Plan factorial in a completely randomized design with three replications and 48 treatments were performed. The factors studied included hormone actions (lack of hormones, 50 ppm auxin, 50 ppm gibberellic acid, 25 ppm and 25 ppm gibberellic acid auxin) and salinity concentrations (0, 30, 60, 90 mM NaCl) was. In the house the best treatment of the interaction of auxin foliar application of 25 ppm with 25 ppm gibberellic acid in the absence of stress, so that in these conditions the maximum yield was 325 grams per square meter and the same minimum yield due to lack of hormone treatment with 90 mM NaCl salinity, which amounted to 113 grams per square meter, respectively. Most proline micromoles per gram fresh weight of leaf by leaf 7/60 in 90 mM NaCl, with no spraying and the lowest 5.25 micromoles per gram fresh weight of leaf leaf proline to the use of 25 ppm and 25ppm GA in terms of auxin lack of salinity (zero mM NaCl) was obtained. Most of the water content relative to the amount of 7/62 of the treatment of stress (zero mM NaCl) with 25 ppm and 25 ppm auxin and gibberellic least 9/37 of the water content of the non-application of maximum salt spray of the hormone in the 90 mM, respectively. The main effects and interaction of salinity and hormonal priming at 1 and 5 percent on grain yield, total chlorophyll content, relative water content, proline and electrical conductivity were significant. In this experiment, it was found that with increasing salinity levels remain functional attributes of pits chlorophyll and relative water content decreased also in part due to the actions of hormones sprayed incur bean plant was under stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Effects of seed priming with ascorbic acid on yield and some physiological traits of soybean under normal and interrupted irrigation conditions
Omid Gavili Asad RokhzadiIn order to study the effects of seed priming with ascorbic acid (AsA) on agronomic traits of two soybean cultivars under normal irrigation and interrupted irrigation at flowering stage, this experiment was carried out in a split-plot factorial arrangement with randomiz MoreIn order to study the effects of seed priming with ascorbic acid (AsA) on agronomic traits of two soybean cultivars under normal irrigation and interrupted irrigation at flowering stage, this experiment was carried out in a split-plot factorial arrangement with randomized complete block design in three replications at the research farm of agriculture faculty, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj Branch in 2013. The main factor was irrigation with two levels of full irrigation and interrupted irrigation at flowering stage. The factorial combination of cultivar and seed priming with AsA was assigned in sub-plots. Two soybean cultivars included Hobbit and L17 and seed priming treatments included: 0 (Control or non-priming), 50, 100 and 150 mg/L AsA. Results showed that two soybean cultivars differently responded to seed priming with AsA under full irrigation and interrupted irrigation (drought stress). Hobbit cultivar positively responded to priming under stress conditions. AsA application in seed priming resulted in increasing of seed yield and seed oil yield in comparison with control (non-priming), whereas L17 cultivar had no response to seed priming in stress conditions. On the other hand in normal irrigation conditions two cultivars showed a reverse reaction to seed priming so that L17 cultivar positively responded to priming under full irrigation conditions especially the concentration of 150 mg/L AsA expressively increased seed yield of this cultivar Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - nfluence of seed priming with stimulants and water soaking on germination behavior of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.)
Ali Asghar Absalan Ali Ghanbari Mahdi Rastgoo Shahram norouz zadehTwo separate tests were conducted in laboratory, to evaluate the germination behavior of sugar beet under effects of priming treatments. The first experiment examined the effect of time (3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours) and concentration (25, 50, 100, 200 and 400%) of two typ MoreTwo separate tests were conducted in laboratory, to evaluate the germination behavior of sugar beet under effects of priming treatments. The first experiment examined the effect of time (3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours) and concentration (25, 50, 100, 200 and 400%) of two types of stimulants (Seed-start and Humic acid). The second experiment is consisted of seed priming times (3, 6, 12, 24 and 48) of two methods of hydration in water (running water and soaking in a Petri dish). The results showed that both tests have a significant effect on germination of sugar beet. The lowest time (3 hours) and the lowest concentration (25%) of priming of the Seed-starter and the Humic acid are desirable to improve sugar beet seed germination. The method of running water (48%) had better effect compared to soaking in a Petri dish (45%). Generally, methods of running water, soaking in a Petri dish, seed-start and Humic acid improve germination 76, 36, 79 and 64% compared to control, respectively. The impact of method and time of priming on germination rate showed the same trend like percentage of germination. Impact of stimulants can be because of nutrition element and influence of leaching with running water can be because of washing the inhibitive material on the seed coat. Seed-start treatment (Concentration of 25% with 3 hours) and leaching with running water (48 hours) can be introduced as the best treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - Study of priming (hydropriming, gibbberllic acid and nano silver atomic) seed on the improve indices germination and seedling growth Avena (Avena sativa L.) under salt stress
Faezeh Thaleghni moghadam Farshad Ghooshchi Alireza SafahaniThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of gibberellic acid and silver nano particles and hydro priming mitigate the effects of salinity on oatsIs at the stage of germination and growth. In order to evaluate the effect of hydro-priming, pre-treatment of gibbere MoreThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of gibberellic acid and silver nano particles and hydro priming mitigate the effects of salinity on oatsIs at the stage of germination and growth. In order to evaluate the effect of hydro-priming, pre-treatment of gibberellic acid and silver nano particles (priming in the lab and sprayed in the greenhouse) to improve germination and seedling growth indices oats in salinity stress conditions (0,4,8,12 ) dS m and gibberellic acid at a concentration of 20ppm and 10ppm silver nano particles factorial design quite "random with three replications. The criteria evaluated were germination percentage, seed yield and shoot and root weight seedling dry, electrical conductivity, the results showed that salinity significant effect (P>0.01) on all of these things and be reduced. the interaction of salinity and priming on germination was not significant. the interaction of salinity and dissolved application on grain yield, root length, shoot length and root dry weight were significant (P>0.01). average interaction between salinity and foliar showed that the highest yield (2.49 grams per plant) the maximum root length (13.29cm) and, most during the shoot (14.99cm) and the highest seedling dry weight (24.819mg) of silver nanoparticles with an average salinity and pretreatment (18.98) Was obtained . The lowest grain yield (1.4999 grams per plant), root length (2 cm, 10 cm stem length) of 12 dS m salinity treatments and anti-stress lack of substance was achieved.According to the results obtained from the use of silver nanoparticles and priming effect of intense passion to improve hydro-priming reduced grain yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - The effect of potassium priming and micronutrient foliar application on yield and yield components of sunflower
رويا بنيادي فرزاد جلیلیTo evaluate the priming effect of potassium resources and foliar spray of micronutrient on the yield and yield components of sunflower ( Farrokh cultivar ) a two factorial experiment was carried out at Agricultural and Natural Resources Station of Khoy ( W. Azarbaijan-I MoreTo evaluate the priming effect of potassium resources and foliar spray of micronutrient on the yield and yield components of sunflower ( Farrokh cultivar ) a two factorial experiment was carried out at Agricultural and Natural Resources Station of Khoy ( W. Azarbaijan-Iran ) in the crop year of 2014. The experiment was conducted on a randomized complete block design with 12 treatment and 3 replications. The priming factor was accompanied with the three levels of potassium chloride, potassium nitrate, and potassium sulfate; spraying factor accompanied with four levels of non-spraying and spraying with zinc, boron, and a combination spraying of zinc and boron. The variance analysis revealed a significant effect of priming of the seed on the diameter, number of seeds per head, and seed yield, but it had no significant impact on the other traits. The maximum number of seeds per head was 656.7 for zinc spraying and 669.7 for boron spraying. The minimum number was 511.8 for non-spraying. Combined spraying of boron and zinc showed maximum yield of 3899.9 kg per hectare and non-spraying showed the minimum yield of 2928.8 kg per hectare. The bilateral effect of these two factors affected the traits, seed yield, shoot-ash percentage, and harvest index. However, the highest seed yield was observed as 4040 kg/h for priming with potassium chloride and spraying with boron and the least seed yield was observed as 2652 kg /h for priming with potassium sulfate to increase the head diameter was more effective than other sources of potassium. Simultaneous spraying of zinc and boron increased the diameter, number of seeds per head, seed yield, and harvest index, while non-spraying reduced the number of seeds per head, seed yield, and biological yield. The correlation of bush diameter with seeds number, seeds yield and biological yield were significant, and so were the seed number correlation with seed yield, biological yield and its hollowness percentage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Studying the priming impact with distilled water and salicylic acid on the enzymatic anti-oxidant and the infusion of hemp germination
شيرين کربلای قلیزاده tooraj mir-mahmoodi نبي خليلي اقدمSalicylic acid has significant role in the different stages of plant development ( phenology ). This molecular messenger plays an active role in the plant's defensive response. To elaborate this, studying morpho-physiologic and biochemical, salicylic acid priming ( SA ) MoreSalicylic acid has significant role in the different stages of plant development ( phenology ). This molecular messenger plays an active role in the plant's defensive response. To elaborate this, studying morpho-physiologic and biochemical, salicylic acid priming ( SA ) impacts in 6 levels ( 500, 750, 1000, 1250, 1500, and 1750 micromullar per litre )together with hydro-priming and control on the hemp seeds in the complete random blocks in 4 replications in the laboratory and greenhouse setting was designed and carried out. The results indicated the meaningful impact of the priming seeds of the hemp, with SA and distilled water on the antioxidant ( CAT, POD ), the significant indexes of germination ( P<0.05 ), and biologic yield of ( P<0.05 ). With the increase of the levels SA, biological yield had ascending process, and in the highest SA level, it showed 43 percent increase in relation to control. Therefore the usage of external SA increased the germination, better establishment of plantlet and improvement of significant indexes in plant physiology specifically in the primary stages of growth which had influence on the biological yield of the plant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - Effect of intensity, duration and power of ultrasonic waves on germination indices and photosynthetic pigments of canola seedling
Heshmat Omidi Saba DashabSeed priming using biophysical methods including ultrasonic wave causes changes in germination and some physiological traits of seedling. Accordingly, in order to investigate the effect of intensity and duration of ultrasonic wave on germination of rapeseed cv. Modena, MoreSeed priming using biophysical methods including ultrasonic wave causes changes in germination and some physiological traits of seedling. Accordingly, in order to investigate the effect of intensity and duration of ultrasonic wave on germination of rapeseed cv. Modena, an experiment as factorial was conducted based on a completely randomized design with three replications in Laboratory condition. Experimental factors consisted of power 60, 80, and 100 W and two ultrasonic waves 40 and 59 kHz at duration of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 20 minutes. The triple interaction of power × irradiation intensity × irradiation time was significant on germination indices including percentage and rate of germination, seedling vigor index of length and weight and seedling traits including chlorophyll a, b and total, and carotenoid content. Germination percentage using 40 and 59 kHz ultrasound waves at 100 W for 2 minutes was increased by 17.8%. The seedling vigor index of length and weight were improved using 59 kHz ultrasonic power with 100 W, and compared to control treatment had increasing 33.8 and 25.8%, respectively. In the application of 40 kHz ultrasound power with 80 W in 8 minutes, total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, and chlorophyll b content than control treatment was 61.26, 26.3, and 34.9 µg/g FW, respectively. Based on the present research, seed pre-treatment of 40 and 59 kHz ultrasound waves with 100 watts can be recommended to improve seed germination indices and increase photosynthetic pigments contents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - The effect of carbon nanotubes seed priming on germination and photosynthetic pigmentation of maize hybrids under drought stress
Abolfazl Shahriari Heshmat Omidi Hossein Mohammadi Abolfazl Mohammadi khadijeh AhmadiTo investigation the effect of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) seed priming to enhance seed germination quantity and quality of corn hybrids under drought stress, an experiment was conducted as factorial based on completely randomized design at Seed Technology Laboratory of Sha MoreTo investigation the effect of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) seed priming to enhance seed germination quantity and quality of corn hybrids under drought stress, an experiment was conducted as factorial based on completely randomized design at Seed Technology Laboratory of Shahed University, Tehran, Iran. Drought stress induced by -0.5 and -1 Mpa polyethylene glycol solution on Fajr and Dehghan maize hybrids and the seeds primed by 25 and 50 mg/L CNTs. Nano-priming under drought stress was effective on germination percentage and rate, weight and length, chlorophyll a, b, and total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents of maize seedlings. Application of 25 mg/L CTNs at -1 Mpa drought stress effectively enhanced germination percentage of maize seed. Also, application of 50 mg/L CTNs improved photosynthetic pigmentation at -1 Mpa drought stress. Generally, CTNs priming improved seed germination traits and photosynthetic pigmentation of maize seedlings under drought stress conditions. Therefore, priming by 25 mg/L CTNs is recommended to improve maize seeds germination indices in arid and semi-arid regions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - The effect of chitosan on morphological and biochemical indices of seedling of aging accelerated soybean seeds
Vahid Mansouri Gandomani Heshmat OmidiTo determine the effect of a chitosan on aging accelerated soybean seeds, a study was conducted based on completely randomized design in factorial experiment with three replications in 2015 Science and Research Laboratory of Shahed University, Tehran. The first factor w MoreTo determine the effect of a chitosan on aging accelerated soybean seeds, a study was conducted based on completely randomized design in factorial experiment with three replications in 2015 Science and Research Laboratory of Shahed University, Tehran. The first factor was levels of accelerated aging including 0, 24 and 48 hours storing of seeds in saturated humidity at 41°C temperature. The second factor was chitosan different concentrations including 0, 0.25 and 0.5% w/v rates. In this experiment, morphological traits such as number of normal seedlings, seedling length, shoot relative water content of, shoot to root ratio and biochemical characteristics such as chlorophyll a and b, chlorophyll a to b ratio and the amount of carotenoids in soybean leaves were measured. Chitosan had positive significant effect on aging accelerated soybean seeds germination, also effecting on chlorophyll a and b and carotenoids amounts in soybean seedling leaves tending to morphological characteristics improvement. Chitosan has also increased the number of normal seedlings resulted from aging accelerated seeds, shoot to root fresh weight resulting in modulating destructive effect of accelerating of soybean seeds. Therefore, chitosan effecting on physiological traits and soybean seedling germination of soybean seeds could reduce the damage on soybean seeds caused by aging acceleration as a priming environment friendly and safe treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - Effect of safflower seeds priming with abscisic and gibberellic acid on germination indices in salinity stress condition
Nasrin Sadat Esanejad Heshmat Omidi Arezoo ParaverThis study was carried out to determine the effect of hormonal priming to improve seed germination and initial growth of safflower seeds under salt stress. The experiment was done using factorial experiment based on completely randomized design in three repetitions in S MoreThis study was carried out to determine the effect of hormonal priming to improve seed germination and initial growth of safflower seeds under salt stress. The experiment was done using factorial experiment based on completely randomized design in three repetitions in Seed Technology Laboratory of Shahed University. Safflower seeds primed with 3% abscisic acid and 150 and 500 ppm of gibberellic acid then were placed under salinity stress condition of the natural salt of Qom lake (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 dS.m -1). The germination indicies were measured. Priming seeds with gibberellic and abscisic acid relatively reduced the effect of salinity on seed germination and seedling growth and improved the germination and initial growth in low water potential condition. Gibberllic acid was more effective than abscisic acid. Priming with combination of 500 ppm gibberellic acid and 3% abscisic acid % combination had the greatest effect on germination percent, seedling length and seedling dry matter. Howerer, priming decreased the mean germination time. Priming with 500 ppm gibberellic acid and 3% abscisic acid combination under salinity conditions reduced the negative effects of salinity by increasing the water uptake in the plant, resulted in improvement of germination percentage, seedling length and seedling dry matter and length and weight vigor indecies. On the whole, priming of safflower seeds with combined priming increased the seeds resistance to the drought stress, therefore the seedlings with strong vigor and high germination percentage were produced. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - The effect of halo-priming on germination indices of wheat under salinity stress
Noosheen Fallahi Ali Babaei Ghaghelestany Masomeh Asadi Gakieh Nasrin Hatami Gharah GhoviniLow seed germination and seedling emergence is one of the main problems in saline areas. Seed priming technique has been known as a challenge to improve germination and seedling emergence under different environmental stress conditions. To evaluate the effects of halo-p MoreLow seed germination and seedling emergence is one of the main problems in saline areas. Seed priming technique has been known as a challenge to improve germination and seedling emergence under different environmental stress conditions. To evaluate the effects of halo-priming on germination indices of wheat under salinity stress, a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications was conducted in 2015. Treatments consisted of priming with potassium nitrate, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, calcium sulfate 1% and control without priming and salinity levels 0, 50, 100 and 150 mM sodium chloride. Among pretreatments, potassium nitrate and calcium sulfate reduced the effects of salinity stress on germination and other indices. Priming with potassium nitrate had the most effects on germination percentage, dry plumule and seedlings weight. Also, priming with calcium sulfate had the most effect on root fresh weight. Primed wheat seeds had better growth. On the whole, with increasing salinity levels, germination and related parameters decreased and that potassium nitrate and calcium sulfate decreased negative effects of salinity. According to result, priming with potassium nitrate and calcium sulfate is recommended for the improvement of germination and initial growth of wheat seedling under salinity stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - Effect of seed priming and their interaction on germination and seedlings characteristics of corn SC704 (Zea mays L.)
Mehdi Ramezani Reza Rezaei sokht Abandani In order to study the priming effect on germination and seedling characteristics of a single cross corn (SC­704), an experiment was carried out as a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications at Agricultural and Natural Resources Res More In order to study the priming effect on germination and seedling characteristics of a single cross corn (SC­704), an experiment was carried out as a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications at Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Mazandaran province (Sari) in 2010. Treatments included seed priming with poly ethylene glycol (PEG) at concentration of 10­%, potassium nitrate (KNO3) 0.5­%, potassium chloride (KCl) 2­%, normal water and a control (no priming). The results showed that the maximum germination rate was occurred for a pretreatment with poly ethylene glycol 10­% and hydropriming (water). The lowest shoot wet weight and germination rate was obtained for osmopriming of potassium chloride 2­%. Maximum germination rate index, average germination time and mean daily germination was observed in the control and osmopriming with KCl 2­% and the highest ratio of dry weight R/S was obtained in potassium chloride 2­% pretreatment. Also the weighted index of seedling vigor was obtained by seed pretreatment with polyethylene glycol 10­%. In conclusion, the results of this study revealed that priming procedure improved seed germination of corn hybrid SC­704 and increased seed emergence rate could eventually increase its performance. According to the results, priming by polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG 6000) 10­% and hydropriming (pure water) for 24 hours is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - Effect of seed priming with salicylic acid on growth characteristics of borage plants (Borago officinalis) seedlings
Farid Shekari ramin Baljani jalal saba kamran Afsahi faribors ShekariGermination and seedlings establishment are critical stages in the plant life under different environmental conditions. For investigation of seed priming effects on borage plants (Borago officinalis) characteristics, an experiment was carried out in a completely randomi MoreGermination and seedlings establishment are critical stages in the plant life under different environmental conditions. For investigation of seed priming effects on borage plants (Borago officinalis) characteristics, an experiment was carried out in a completely randomized block design in four replications. Treatments consisted of seed priming by salicylic acid concentrations (500, 1000, 1500, 2000 µ M), seeds priming by distilled water (hydropriming) and non priming seeds were considered as control. Results showed that priming with salicylic acid had significant effects on emerged seedlings percentage, mean time to emergence, emergence index, fresh and dry weight, leaf area and specific leaf area (SLA). The highest emergence and emergence index of seedlings with the lowest mean time to emergence was observed in 500 µ M concentration of salicylic acid and the highest seedling dry weight and leaf area were found in 2000 µ m salicylic acid. The lowest values among treatments were belong to control followed by hydropriming of seeds treatment. Results indicated that dry weight of seedlings were increased by increasing emergence index and dereasing the mean time to emergence Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - Effect of seed priming with growth promoting bacteria on yield and yield components of corn under drought stress
Dariush SafariWater deficit and resulted drought stress are the main factors of crop yield lose in arid and semi-arid regions. Plant growth promoting bacteria can be used as a biological solution to mitigate negative effects of drought stress. To investigate the effect of seed primin MoreWater deficit and resulted drought stress are the main factors of crop yield lose in arid and semi-arid regions. Plant growth promoting bacteria can be used as a biological solution to mitigate negative effects of drought stress. To investigate the effect of seed priming with growth promoting bacteria on yield and yield components of corn SC770 under different drought stress conditions, a split-factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design was conducted at Kermanshah Research Center during growing season of 2017-2018. Four irrigation levels including normal irrigation, very mild, mild, and severe stress were applied by implementing of single-branch irrigation system. The seeds are inoculated by Pseudomonas putida Strain 41, 159 and Pseudomonas fluorescence Strain 23. Bacterial inoculation had significant impact on all studied traits. Increasing stress level depressed all studied traits compared to normal irrigation condition. Also, at all stress levels, bacterial inoculation improved corn traits. Therefore, seed priming with growth-promoting bacteria especially P. putida Strain 159 is recommended for improving yield and plant drought tolerance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - Spring durum wheat Zn, Mn and B seed priming in field conditions
Hamideh Shirvani sarakhsi Ebrahim Khalilvand BehrouzyarTo study the effect of various micronutrients concentrations as seed priming on spring durum wheat, an experiment was conducted in factorial experiment based on completely randomized design in three replications at Research Station of Tabriz University during growing se MoreTo study the effect of various micronutrients concentrations as seed priming on spring durum wheat, an experiment was conducted in factorial experiment based on completely randomized design in three replications at Research Station of Tabriz University during growing seasons of 2012-2013. Treatments were priming by water and concentrations of 1, 3 and 5 mg/kg of ZnSo4, MnSO4, and H3BO3. Interaction of micronutrients and of concentrations of seed priming had significant effect on dry weight per plant, harvest index, dry weight of stem, length of spike (p Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - The effect of seed priming by salicylic acid and nano-iron chelate on germination and initial growth of lentil under salinity stress
Hassan Nourafcan Masoumeh ShahmoradiTo study the effect of seed priming by salicylic acid and nano-iron chelate on germination and initial growth of lentil under salinity stress, a factorial experiment was conducted based on completely randomized design with three replications. Treatments was contained pr MoreTo study the effect of seed priming by salicylic acid and nano-iron chelate on germination and initial growth of lentil under salinity stress, a factorial experiment was conducted based on completely randomized design with three replications. Treatments was contained priming with salicylic acid and nano-iron chelate each with three levels (1000, 2000 and 3000 mg.L-1), hydropriming with distilled water and control (non-priming) and four salinity levels (control, 1000, 2000 and 3000 mg.L-1). The results showed that seed priming by salicylic acid and nano-iron chelate had significant effect on germination percentage and rate, emergence percentage and rate, mean of germination and emergence time mean, plumule length, fresh and dry weight under salinity stress. The sodium chloride salt with 3000 mg.L-1 rate caused significant decrement in seedling germination and initial growth characteristics, comparing to control. In the present study, salicylic acid showed positive effect on germination and growth characteristics of lentil seedling under salinity stress with and without nano-iron chelate, so that germination and initial growth characteristics of lentil seedling were increased by application of salicylic acid in sole and under salinity stress, comparing to control. Therefore, applying seed priming by salicylic acid with 3000 mg.L-1 to improve germination and establishment of seedling with or without salinity stress condition is going to be recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - Effect of seed priming with microelements on germination speed, seedling vigor and flower yield of marigold (Calendula officinalis L.)
Bahram MirshekariSeed nutrient priming is a simple and low cost method for nutrition, germination and primary growth improvement of crops. In order to evaluate the effect of seed priming on germina MoreSeed nutrient priming is a simple and low cost method for nutrition, germination and primary growth improvement of crops. In order to evaluate the effect of seed priming on germination and flower yield of marigold (Calendula officinalis L.), an experiment was conducted in Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch in 2011. Treatments were seed priming with zinc and manganese at concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2%, Zn- 1%+Mn1%, Zn1.5%+Mn1% and a control. Mean final germination percentage of seeds treated with zinc and manganese alone was 79% and 79.5%, respectively, while in control only 71% of seeds completed the germination process. Increasing of zinc and manganese concentrations resulted in lower seedling vigor index. Flower yield in treatments of ZnSO41%+MnSO41%, MnSO41.5%, ZnSO41.5%+MnSO41%, ZnSO41.5% and ZnSO42% produced higher flower yield, respectively. Two combined treatments were significantly different in essential oil yield, and essence yield in Zn1.5%+Mn1% was 0.03 ml. ha-1 lower than Zn1%+Mn1%. Response of essential oil yield to the studied treatments was positive and significant and all treatments produced higher yield in comparison to the control, exept 0.5%Zn and 0.5% Mn. In conclusion, seed priming with zinc and manganese solutions could be recommended as a method for improving marigold essential oil yield in field condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - Gibberellic acid priming effect on Agropyron elongatum seed germination indices under drought stress
Seyyed Jalal Yadollahi Nooshabadi Farzad SharifzadeSeed priming pretreatment improves germination characteristics , seedling establishment and increase of seed performance under environmental stress conditions. This experiment was conducted as factorial based on a completely randomized design with four replication MoreSeed priming pretreatment improves germination characteristics , seedling establishment and increase of seed performance under environmental stress conditions. This experiment was conducted as factorial based on a completely randomized design with four replications using osmotic potential of -12 bar prepared by polyethylene glycol in order to evaluate the effects of gibberellic acid (GA) pretreatments on the behaviour of seed germination of Agropyron elongatom under drought stress. . Seeds were primed for 12 and 24 hours at two temperatures of 10 and 20°C with GA in three levels of 25, 50 and 100 ppm . All seed pretreatments had significant effect on the whole studied characteristics. Concentration of 25 ppm with GA was the best pretreatment which could increase significantly the whole germination percentage, normal seedling percentage, and length index of seedling vigor.The results obtained in temperature 10 and time duration of 12 were better in comparison to temperature 20 and time duration of 24 and significantly increased the germination and normal seedling percentage. Totally,the useful effects of seed pretreatment method with GA was confirmed for improving the seed germination performance of Agropyron elongatom especially in drought stress condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - Effect of osmopriming and drought stress on seed germination of Tagetes erecta
محمد رفیعی الحسینی سمیه اسماعیلیIn order to evaluate the seed germination indices of Tagetes) Tagetes erecta (under smopriming and drought stress treatments, an experiment was conducted as factorial in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the agronomy laboratory, faculty of ag MoreIn order to evaluate the seed germination indices of Tagetes) Tagetes erecta (under smopriming and drought stress treatments, an experiment was conducted as factorial in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the agronomy laboratory, faculty of agriculture, Shahrekord University. For this purpose, drought stress in levels of 0, -4, -8 and -12 bar and priming of seeds in levels of 0, -2, -4, -6 and -8 bar were applied using PEG6000. In this experiment, characteristics of germination percentage, germination rate, seed vigor index and mean germination time were evaluated. The results showed that by increasing drought stress from 0 to -4 bar, germination percentage, germination rate and seed vigor index significantly decreased while mean germination time increased and reached to 0 at the potentials of -8 and -12 bar. The maximum germination rate was observed at -2 bar priming whereas the increasing percentage was 24.91 compared to control. Also, it was found that by increasing drought stress, at the level of -4 bar, the maximum germination percentage, germination rate and seed vigor index obtained and the minimum of mean germination time was at -2 bar priming. In general, the osmopriming was able to increase the tolerance of Tagetes seeds against drought stress during germination and improve the properties of Tagetes seed germination. Manuscript profile
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