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Open Access Article
1 - Enhanced Removal of Trihalomethanes(THMs) from Aqueous Solutions Using Activated Carbon from Walnut Wood(WC) on Equilibrium, Thermodynamic and Kinetics
gholamhossein vatankhah tuba Ershad -
Open Access Article
2 - Role of activated carbon from natural adsorbent for removal of textile dyes: effect of pH, kinetic and adsorbent mass
Ameneh Khorsand Reza Fazaeli Mahboobeh Manoochehri -
Open Access Article
3 - Potential assessment of suitable lands for walnut cultivation in Tehran province using fuzzy AHP method
Masoud Soleimani Saeid Hamzeh Ramin PapiAs a highly productive product, walnut plays an important role in the social and economic condition of farmers in various regions across Iran, and there has been a dramatic increase in the area under cultivation of this product in recent years due to its economic return MoreAs a highly productive product, walnut plays an important role in the social and economic condition of farmers in various regions across Iran, and there has been a dramatic increase in the area under cultivation of this product in recent years due to its economic return. Walnut trees are highly sensitive to the climate conditions. Therefore, before Cultivation of this product, which requires a relatively high initial investment, it is necessary to take certain measures to identify and assess suitable lands for planting walnut trees. Therefore, this study aims to identify and assess suitable lands for planting walnut in the entire of Tehran province that would result in a desirable production efficiency. For this purpose, this study uses climatic parameters (including temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, and wind speed) from 12 synoptic stations within Tehran Province and 8 stations from adjacent provinces for an 11-year statistical period (from 2004 to 2014), topography, and land use for site selection and zoning of suitable regions for cultivation of Persian walnut. First, raster data layers were generated using all the parameters under study. Then, through a review of literature and expert views on physiological properties and growth requirements of walnut, the desirable and undesirable thresholds for its cultivation were determined. Next, analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and a researcher-made questionnaire were used to calculate the effectiveness and priority of each parameter. Furthermore, a fuzzy membership function was used to normalize the data layers. Finally, the final zoning map was prepared and extracted using fuzzy overlay tools in ArcGIS. According to this map, an area of 243882.9562 hectares, equal to 17.82% of the entire area of Tehran Province proved very suitable for cultivation of Persian walnut. Moreover, the findings indicate that the three parameters of temperature, relative humidity, and aspect have a special significance and effect on the growth of walnut trees. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - The Effects of Walnut Oil and Kefiran on the Texture and Rheological Properties of Ice Cream
P. Habibi M. A. Ziaiifar F. Khodayean CheginiIntroduction: The replacement of saturated fatty acids by unsaturated fatty acids in ice cream formulation for patients with cardiovascular disease is quite desirable. In addition due to the positive nutritional effects of kefiran this product might be employed as a sta MoreIntroduction: The replacement of saturated fatty acids by unsaturated fatty acids in ice cream formulation for patients with cardiovascular disease is quite desirable. In addition due to the positive nutritional effects of kefiran this product might be employed as a stabiliser in dairy products. Materials and Methods: Samples of ice cream, containing kefiran (0.1-0.5%) and walnut oil (0-8%), were produced. The viscosity, rheology and texture (hardness and adhesion) were evaluated and the obtained data concerned with the mentioned tests were analysed using a central composite design with response surface method. Results: Kefiran and walnut oil exhibited significant effects on the samples of ice cream. The addition of kefiran significantly increased the viscosity, consistency coefficient and reduced the flow index, hardness and adhesion (p<0.05). By increasing the concentration of walnut oil, consistency coefficient, hardness, adhesion, apparent viscosity decreased and flow index increased. Interaction of kefiran and walnut oil also had significant effect on viscosity reduction (p<0.05), but did not have significant effect on other characteristics (p>0.05). Conclusion: 2% of walnut oil and 0.5% of kefiran might be regarded as a good combination to obtain a product with suitable rheological characteristics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Efficiency of the processed walnut shell in removal of red reactive 2 dye from aqueous solutions
Fatemeh Asadi Abdollah Dargahi Ali Almasi Chiman Ali Karami Ahmad MohamadiBackground and Objective: Red reactive 2 dyes are colors which have many uses in textial industries the aim of this study is to eualuvate the efficiency of the processed walnut shell in the removal of red reactive 2 dye from aqueous solutions. Method: This study is an MoreBackground and Objective: Red reactive 2 dyes are colors which have many uses in textial industries the aim of this study is to eualuvate the efficiency of the processed walnut shell in the removal of red reactive 2 dye from aqueous solutions. Method: This study is an experimental type. Powder and granule walnut shell and red reactive 2 dyes have been used in different concentrations. Findings: The adsorption rate was affected by adsorbent rate and expose time. By increase of adsorbent rate from 0.5 to 2 g in 100ml, the adsorption rate increased from 50% to 96%. The maximum adsorption rate occurred in the first 10 min. Dye adsorption rate was adopted according to Langmuir isotherm adsorption. Conclusion: The comparisons indicate that the adsorption rate is much better in powder type than in granule type. Considering the acidic characterization of some dyes and high temperature of most of the industrial effluents, it is concluded that walnut shell can be used as dye sorbent in such wastewater. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Effect of β-sitosterol-enriched walnut oil on blood parameters and liver function in diabetic rats
Monireh Ghorbani عبدالحسین شیروی Gholamhassan Vaezi Vida Hojati Hamid SepehriProblems and complications associated with liver enzyme changes can be regarded as some effects of Diabetes Mellitus. Using a nutritional approach is a significant part of the prevention, control and treatment process. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect MoreProblems and complications associated with liver enzyme changes can be regarded as some effects of Diabetes Mellitus. Using a nutritional approach is a significant part of the prevention, control and treatment process. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of walnut oil enriched with beta-cytosol on blood parameters of liver function in diabetic rats.The study sample consisted of 30 mice divided into 5 groups of 6 rats, where each group was kept in a separate cage. Five treatments were considered in this experiment, where control group received normal saline, the second treatment were given pure walnut oil without the addition of β-sitosterol and the other three groups were gavaged with 30, 45, 60 mg / kg β-sitosterol. After 4 weeks of gavage, the next stage of blood sampling was performed. Insulin and blood glucose were measured after blood serum separation along with the measurement of blood factors such as cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density cholesterol (HDL), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, and albumin. Significant differences existed among the mean values of the tests in the control group and the intervention groups without, with 30 mg/kg, with 45 mg/kg, and with 60 mg/kg β-sitosterol. These significant differences among the treatments were seen in mean fasting blood sugar, cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density cholesterol (HDL), total aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, and albumin.β-sitosterol-enriched walnut oil can be regarded as a helpful option to control diabetes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - A laboratory investigation on virulence of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae on Zeuzera pyrina larvae
Zahra Mirafzali Sayed Mohammad Reza KhoshrooZeuzera pyrina (Linnaeus, 1761) (Lepidoptera: Coccidae) is a polyphagous pest that feeds more than 100 plant species. Entomophagous fungi are one of the limiting factors to control the population of this pest in nature. In this study, the lethal effect of two fungi Meta MoreZeuzera pyrina (Linnaeus, 1761) (Lepidoptera: Coccidae) is a polyphagous pest that feeds more than 100 plant species. Entomophagous fungi are one of the limiting factors to control the population of this pest in nature. In this study, the lethal effect of two fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana on the first and second larval instars of Zeuzera pyrina was investigated in laboratory conditions. The first and second instar larvae of Z. pyrinia were collected from the branches of walnut trees in Baft, Kerman province, Iran. The larvae were transferred to sterile Petri dishes after sterilization with Mercury chloride and distilled water. Spore suspension at concentrations of 1.5 ×10 6, 1.5×10 7, 1.5×10 8 conidia/ml was prepared, and then mortality rate of adults was examined after 5, 6, 9, 12, 14, 16 days. The lowest value LC50 in presence of B. bassiana (16 day), M. anisoplaie (12day) and two combined fungi (50:50), M. anisoplaie and B. bassiana (9 day) was 1/5×104.5, 1/5×103.9 and 1/5×102.2 conidia/ml respectively. Therefore, the combination of two B. bassiana and M. anisoplaie fungi had the best effect in the shortest time and M. anisoplaie had better effect than B. bassiana. Nowadays, biological control is one of the best and most practical control programs to protect of environment; biological control of pests, chemical pesticides that have harmful effects on humans and other organisms. In this study, the simultaneous use of two fungi B. bassiana and M. anisoplaie caused to 100% mortality of woodworker worm larvae during 16 days in concentration of1/5 ×10 8 conidia/ml. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Mating disruption for controlling the leopard moth, Zeuzera pyrina L. (Lep.: Cossidae) by ZEUTEC commercial product in the walnut orchards
F. Shafaghi M. Jafar lou S. V. Farhangi A. Avand Faghih R. ShahsavariLeopard moth, Zeuzera pyrina is a key pest of walnut in Iran. In this study, the efficiency of mating disruption by commercial product ZEUTEC was evaluated in East Azerbaijan and Ghazvin provinces. The study was conducted in 10 plots each with the area of one hectar mos MoreLeopard moth, Zeuzera pyrina is a key pest of walnut in Iran. In this study, the efficiency of mating disruption by commercial product ZEUTEC was evaluated in East Azerbaijan and Ghazvin provinces. The study was conducted in 10 plots each with the area of one hectar mostly covered with walnut trees.Half of the plots were used as treatment applying ZUTEC and half for control (without any control method of leopard moth). In each treatment plots 300pheromon edispenser were attached on each tree and three pheromone traps were also installed in eah of all plots before emerging the adults at the beginning of the season. The number of larval entrance holes on 8 one-year-old branches of 15 trees, located at the center of each plot, was counted at the end of summer to assess the damage caused by the pest in experimental plots. The mean number of larva entrance holes on each branch were compared in different treatments by t- test. The pheromone traps did not capture any adult in the plots where mating disruption pheromone was performed during the experiment in both provinces while the traps caught the adults in the control plots. This result confirmed the efficiency of this product for mis-orientation of the males. The mean number of larval entrance holes on branches in plots with pheromone mating disruption and control were respectively 1.693±0.169, and 4.39±0.232 in Ghazvin province, and 0.174±0.037, and 1.696±0.134 in East Azarbaiejan province which were significantly different. (P < 0.01). The results showed the efficiency of mating disruption technique by this product for reducing the damage of the pest. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Occurrence and Distribution of Shallow Bark Canker of Walnut Trees in Damavand
Samira Asadollahi Abul Qasem Qasemi Seyed Mohammad AshkanIn recent years, Shallow bark canker (Brenneria nigrifluens) of walnut trees has become fairly widespread in Iran. To determine the distribution of the disease in Damavand, from summer of 2013, bark samples were collected from walnut trees showing symptoms of Shallow ba MoreIn recent years, Shallow bark canker (Brenneria nigrifluens) of walnut trees has become fairly widespread in Iran. To determine the distribution of the disease in Damavand, from summer of 2013, bark samples were collected from walnut trees showing symptoms of Shallow bark canker. 46 strains of bacteria were isolated from infected tissues. Strains appeared similar in phenotypic characteristics. On the basis of the morphological and biochemical results and sequencing of RNA polymerase beta sub unit gene the bacterium was identified as Brennerianigrifluens. This is the first report of Shallow bark canker of walnut trees in Damavand. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Evaluation of insecticidal effect of essential oil of some medicinal plants against confused flour beetle adults (Tribolium confusum)
Masoumeh Darvishi Akram Mobini Samin SeddighThe confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val, feeds on starchy material like flour, bran, and groats. These insects not only add significant losses to the product while feeding, but also due to the rapid population growth, the crop is infected with its MoreThe confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val, feeds on starchy material like flour, bran, and groats. These insects not only add significant losses to the product while feeding, but also due to the rapid population growth, the crop is infected with its feces and larval shells, and its quality is greatly reduced. Recently, many studies have been done on the application of plant essential oils or their components as a safe alternative to commonly used fumigant toxins. In this research, toxicity of three plant essential oils including Rosemary, White Pepper and Walnut leaves were investigated in three concentrations of 10, 30 and 50 μl and was compared to Rosemary extract. All experiments were carried out in laboratory conditions under temperature 27 ± 1°C, with 30 ± 5% RH and a photoperiod of 14h. The results showed that using Rosemary extract did not control T. confusum which had no significant difference with control. The essential oils of Walnut leaf, Rosemary and White Pepper made a significant difference in the mortality of the adults of the confused flour beetle. With increasing concentration, the mortality rate of T. confusum adults increased in all essential oils and all of them had a significant difference. The most percentage of mortality was observed at 50 μl concentration in Pepper essential oil. The optimum conditions for using essential oils were also investigated. So that the most pest mortality would be obtained by using 50 μl concentrations of White Pepper and Rosemary essential oils, causing 100% and 60% mortality of T. confusum, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Evaluation of aflatoxin content in pistachio, almond, hazelnut and walnut in Isfahan
Z. Shakeri E. Rahimi A. ShakerianAflatoxins are a group of closely related carcinogenic metabolites produced by certain species of Aspergillus. The objective of this study was to detect the level of aflatoxin in nuts. A total of 80 samples of nuts including, pistachio (20), almond (20), hazelnut (20) a MoreAflatoxins are a group of closely related carcinogenic metabolites produced by certain species of Aspergillus. The objective of this study was to detect the level of aflatoxin in nuts. A total of 80 samples of nuts including, pistachio (20), almond (20), hazelnut (20) and walnut (20) were collected and were analyzed (using HPLC) for aflatoxin B and aflatoxin G in Isfahan during 2016. The aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2, and total aflatoxin were found in 2.5%, 5.5%, 5.7%, 7.2%, and 10% of the analyzed sample (by an average concentration of 8.32, 5.635, 3.067, 1.705 and 10.375 ppb), respectively. The concentration of AFB1 in 66.67% and the concentration of AFT in 37.5% from positive samples were higher than the approved limit (5 ppm) of Iranian National Standard. The percentage of pistachio AF-positive nuts was significantly (p < 0.05) more than other analyzed nuts (almond, hazelnut, and walnut). The results showed that contamination of nuts in Isfahan (especially pistachio) to aflatoxins was not satisfactory and can adversely affect the consumer's health. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Antimicrobial effect of walnut leaves aqueous extract and comparison of disc diffusion and wells methods
Afshin alimohammadi Afshin Javadi Elham YaghmaToday food safety is a public health issue. One of the methods of healthy food production is the use of natural materials. The use of essential oils and plant extracts as antibacterial and antifungal additives is one of these methods. Antimicrobial compositions obtained MoreToday food safety is a public health issue. One of the methods of healthy food production is the use of natural materials. The use of essential oils and plant extracts as antibacterial and antifungal additives is one of these methods. Antimicrobial compositions obtained from plants were removed by different mechanisms of antibiotics, in which the effective influences of walnut and its components are significant. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of walnut leaf extract on Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli), determine the optimal amount of extract and sensitivity to each of the bacteria against the extract and determine the most sensitive method of the study. In this study, the leaves was extracted from the walnut and then the antimicrobial properties of the extract and its optimal concentrations were measured using disc and well methods on S. aureus and E. coli. Based on the results, the extract of walnut leaves in the concentrations of 12.5% up to the above has antimicrobial effect. By increasing the amount of extract, the growth rate of the bacteria significantly decreases (p<0.01). The highest non-growth halo in both methods was obtained from the control sample containing chloramphenicol disk on the E. coli (24 mm) and after it, the sample that contain 50% extract on S. aureus had 13.33 non-growth halo in the well method, and in the disc method, the 50% extract of S. aureus had the highest non-growth halo (11 mm). In fact, S. aureus was more susceptible to walnut leaves extract than E. coli in both methods. However, between the two methods, the sensitivity of the wells samples was more than the discontinuation method. The overall result shows that the sample containing 50% walnut leaf extract on S. aureus has the most antimicrobial activity among other samples after the control sample (chloramphenicol disc on E. coli). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - ترکیب شیمیایی، تجزیه پذیری و قابلیت هضم پوست گردوی فرآوری شده با قارچ نوروسپورا سیتوفیلا
م. تکلوزاده ا. دیانی ر. طهماسبیدر این تحقیق ارزش غذایی پوست گردوی فرآوری شده با قارچ نوروسپورا سیتوفیلا مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. ترکیب شیمیایی نمونهها به وسیله آنالیزهای آزمایشگاهی ارزیابی شد. آزمایش قابلیت هضم به روش in vitro برای تعیین ضرایب هضم ماده خشک، ماده آلی و همچنین ماده آلی در ماده خشک برای ت Moreدر این تحقیق ارزش غذایی پوست گردوی فرآوری شده با قارچ نوروسپورا سیتوفیلا مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. ترکیب شیمیایی نمونهها به وسیله آنالیزهای آزمایشگاهی ارزیابی شد. آزمایش قابلیت هضم به روش in vitro برای تعیین ضرایب هضم ماده خشک، ماده آلی و همچنین ماده آلی در ماده خشک برای تخمین مقدار انرژی قابل متابولیسم پوست گردوی فرآوری شده انجام شد. تجزیه پذیری ماده آلی و مواد نامحلول در شوینده خنثی نمونهها با روش in situ در ساعتهای صفر، 3، 6، 12، 24، 48 و 72 ساعت پس از انکوباسیون تعیین شد و کینتیک آنها با استفاده از فرمول P= a + b(1−e−ct) توضیح داده شد. شاخص ارزش غذایی نمونهها با استفاده از معادله NIV= a + 0.4b + 200c محاسبه گردید. دادههای به دست آمده در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی آنالیز شدند. مقدار تانن و فنول پوست گردو به وسیله فرآوری کاهش پیدا کرد (05/0>P). هیچ تأثیر معنی داری بر پارامترهای تجزیه پذیری و شاخص ارزش غذایی پس از فرآوری مشاهد نشد. ضرایب هضمی ماده خشک، ماده آلی، ماده آلی در ماده خشک و انرژی قابل متابولیسم پوست گردوی فرآوری شده به طور معنی داری کمتر از پوست گردوی فرآوری نشده بود (05/0>P). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - کنجاله گردو به عنوان یک ماده خوراکی غنی از انرژی و پروتئین در تغذیه بلدرچینهای در حال رشد
م.ع. ارجمندی م. سالارمعینیاین آزمایش به منظور تعیین ترکیب شیمیایی و انرژی قابل سوخت­و­ساز ظاهری و حقیقی کنجاله گردو و بررسی اثر استفاده از سطوح مختلف آن (0، 10، 20 و 30 درصد جیره) بر عملکرد رشد، فراسنجه‎های خونی، وزن نسبی اندام‎های داخلی، میزان مالون‎دی آلدهاید در ماهیچه سینه Moreاین آزمایش به منظور تعیین ترکیب شیمیایی و انرژی قابل سوخت­و­ساز ظاهری و حقیقی کنجاله گردو و بررسی اثر استفاده از سطوح مختلف آن (0، 10، 20 و 30 درصد جیره) بر عملکرد رشد، فراسنجه‎های خونی، وزن نسبی اندام‎های داخلی، میزان مالون‎دی آلدهاید در ماهیچه سینه و محتوای کلسترول تخم بلدرچین ژاپنی انجام گردید. این آزمایش در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی و با استفاده از 288 قطعه بلدرچین ژاپنی یکروزه انجام شد که به طور تصادفی در بین 4 تیمار تقسیم شدند. به هر تیمار 4 تکرار با 18 پرنده اختصاص داده شد. در این آزمایش اختلاف معنی‎داری در ارتباط با مصرف خوراک و ضریب تبدیل مشاهده نشد (05/0P>). اما پرندگانی که از جیره حاوی 30 درصد کنجاله گردو تغذیه کرده بودند در بازه زمانی 7-21 روزگی از وزن کمتری نسبت به گروه شاهد برخوردار بودند (05/0P<). اختلاف معنی‎داری در میزان گلوکز، اسید اوریک، آسپارتات‎آمینو‎ترانسفراز و آلانین‎آمینو‎ترانسفراز سرم مشاهده نگردید. مقدار لیپوپروتئین‎های با دانسیته پایین و تری‎گلیسرید سرم با افزایش سطح کنجاله گردو به طور خطی کاهش نشان داد (01/0P<). مقدار لیپوپروتئین‎های با دانسیته بالای سرم در پرندگانی که از جیره حاوی 10 درصد کنجاله تغذیه کرده بودند از گروه شاهد کمتر بود (05/0P<). مصرف سطوح مختلف کنجاله گردو به طور معنی‎داری سطح مالون‎دی‎آلدهاید ماهیچه سینه را در سن 42 روزگی کاهش داد (01/0P<). مصرف سطوح مختلف این کنجاله تأثیر قابل توجهی بر وزن نسبی اندام‎های داخلی و خصوصیات لاشه نداشت. به طور کلی، کنجاله گردو منبع خوبی از انرژی (kcal/kg 3689AMEn=)، روغن (23 درصد) و پروتئین خام (40 درصد) بوده و تا سطح 20 درصد برای پرندگان جوان و تا سطح 30 درصد برای پرندگان مسن‎تر قابل استفاده می‎باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Preventive Factors to Found Walnut Production Cooperatives in Tuyserkan Township, Iran
Mohammad AbdolmalekyThis study was conducted to seek the opinion of walnut producers on barriers affecting the success of producers to found production cooperatives regarding horticultural products in Tuyserkan Township, Iran. A sample of 234 walnut producers were randomly selected through MoreThis study was conducted to seek the opinion of walnut producers on barriers affecting the success of producers to found production cooperatives regarding horticultural products in Tuyserkan Township, Iran. A sample of 234 walnut producers were randomly selected through multistage cluster sampling technique. Descriptive- correlation research method was used in this study which has been implemented through the questionnaire. For determining the validity of questionnaire, the face and content validity was used. Reliability for the instrument was estimated at 0.94. According to factor analysis, barriers to found and develop walnut production cooperatives were categorized into seven groups that explained 65.799% of the total variance of the research variables. The results also indicated that lack of cultural infrastructures, inadequate knowledge and incorrect opinions of producers and leaders, inadequate laws and vulnerability and infrastructural barriers had the most effect to found and develop walnut production cooperatives, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Biosynthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using aqueous extract of walnut (Juglans regia L.) leaf
masoud bayat reza moradi ali bodaghiGreen synthesis of nanoparticles is an environmentally friendly method, in which water solvent are used. In this study, the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) was performed by using walnut (Juglans regia L.) leaf extract. Walnut leaf contains a variety of che MoreGreen synthesis of nanoparticles is an environmentally friendly method, in which water solvent are used. In this study, the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) was performed by using walnut (Juglans regia L.) leaf extract. Walnut leaf contains a variety of chemicals, including tannins, flavonoids, vitamins, plant acids and naphthoquinone. The extract of walnut (Juglans regia L.) leaf as the reducing agent is used for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The silver nanoparticles have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray (EDAX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and UV-Visible spectroscopy. UV-Vis spectrum exhibit an absorption band at around 400-450 nm suggestion the formation of silver nanoparticles. The observed peak at about 425 nm is related to the surface plasmon resonance of silver nanoparticles. The effects of operational parameters in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles such as silver nitrate salt concentration, extract volume, temperature and time was studied. The results showed that silver nitrate concentration 6 mM, extract volume 200 µlit, temperature 90°C and time 40 min was the optimum amounts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - The effect of walnut''s green skin on coloration of Oscar fish (Astronotus ocellatus)
M. Abbasi Oghda A. Vosooghi A. MatinfarThe effect of oral green skin of walnuts on the coloration of Oscar fish (Astronotus ocellatus) was studied. Albino Oscar fish with an average weight of 60 grams 5/01 ± 0/18 and 54/84 ± 2/23 mm average length in the form of 3 experimental and one control and each with t MoreThe effect of oral green skin of walnuts on the coloration of Oscar fish (Astronotus ocellatus) was studied. Albino Oscar fish with an average weight of 60 grams 5/01 ± 0/18 and 54/84 ± 2/23 mm average length in the form of 3 experimental and one control and each with three repetitions were divided. Twelve aquariums with dimensions of 50 × 40 × 33 cm was used. Control was fed with no food additives (food stand). For the first treatment food containing 0.1 percent walnut hull was used, 0.2 percent was used for the second treatment with the diet and in the third treatment fish were fed with food containing 0.3 percent walnut hull. The breeding period lasted 8 weeks (56 days). Every 20 days biometrics (Biometry) was carried out. Average water temperature in the aquarium during the study period was 28.07 ± 1.09 °C, with an average of 5.38 ± 0.15 milligrams per liter of dissolved oxygen, average pH was measured to be 8.03 ± 0.33 and average TDS, 33.27 ± 1.32 mg. After the breeding period, 3 fish from each treatment were randomly selected to assess the rate of change of color obtained using L* a* b* colorimetric system using a CHROMA METER CR-40. Colorimetric analysis of fish skin from treatments showed that oral administration of green walnut caused significant skin discoloration. Component b* representing the yellow color, was positive in the treatment 1, showed significant differencecompared to control (P0/05). The results showed that using the green skin of walnuts in the diet can increase the Oscar fish skin color towards yellow. It was shown that the level of 0.1 percent green skin of walnuts in the diet was the best level for increasing the yellow color in fish were detected. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - The effect of walnut’s green skin on growth of Oscar fish (Astronotus ocellatus)
M. Abbasi Oghda A. Vosooghi A. MatinfarIn this study, the effect of oral green skin of walnuts on the coloration of Oscar fish (Astronotus ocellatus) was studied. Sixty albino Oscar fish with an average weight of 5/01 ± 0/18 g and 54/84 ± 2/23 mm average length were divided in into three MoreIn this study, the effect of oral green skin of walnuts on the coloration of Oscar fish (Astronotus ocellatus) was studied. Sixty albino Oscar fish with an average weight of 5/01 ± 0/18 g and 54/84 ± 2/23 mm average length were divided in into three test experiments and one control and each with three repetitions. Twelve aquariums in the dimensions of 50 × 40 × 33 cm were used. The control was fed with a diet containing no food additives. The fish in treatment number one were fed with food containing %0.1 walnut hulls, the second treatment contained %0.2 walnut hulls in the fish diet and the third treatment was fed with food containing % 0.3 walnut hulls. The breeding period lasted eight weeks (56 days). Every 20 days biometrics (Biometry) were performed which included gravimetric analysis using a digital scale with 0.01g precision and a ruler with an accuracy of 0.1 cm for length analysis. Average water temperature in the aquarium during the study period was 28/07 ± 1/09 ° C. An average of 5/38 ± 0/15 milligrams per liter of dissolved oxygen, average pH of 8/03 ± 0/33 and an average TDS of 33/27 ± 1/32 mg was measured. At the end of the period of investigation, results showed that in terms of growth, the control with an average weight of 17/06 ± 1/21 grams and weight gain of 22/15 ± 1/08 grams had significantly (P<0/05) the highest growth rate compared with the other treatments. The third treatment with an average weight of 6/95 ± 0/56 grams and weight gain of 2/12 ± 0/64 grams showed the lowest growth rates. The control treatment also showed increased body weight and had the highest average of 337/01 ± 38/62 percent and was significantly different (P<0/05) from the other treatments. Treatment no. 3 with an average of 44/60 ± 15/48 percent had the lowest percentage of weight gain. Treatment no. 2 with an average of 95 percent have the highest rateof survival and was significantly different (P<0/05) from treatment no. 1, but was not significantly different (P≥0/05) compared to other treatments. Treatment no. 1 with an average survival of 55 percent had the lowest survival rate.The results showed that using the green skin of walnuts in the diet can reduce the growth factors in Oscar fish. However, 0.3 percent green skin of walnuts in the diet was most effective in slowing the fish growth rate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - The Effect of walnut shell on coloration of Koi fish (Cyprinus carpio)
H. Ghazvini A. Vosoughi A. MatinfarIn this study the effect of oral administration of green skin of walnuts on the growth and color of Koi fish (Cyprinus carpio) has been studied in 60 Koi fishof average weight of 1.50±0.06g and average length of 53.00±1.48mm in 3 treatments and 1 control a MoreIn this study the effect of oral administration of green skin of walnuts on the growth and color of Koi fish (Cyprinus carpio) has been studied in 60 Koi fishof average weight of 1.50±0.06g and average length of 53.00±1.48mm in 3 treatments and 1 control and each with 3 replicates.Twelve aquariumsof 33×40×50 dimension were used. The control group had no food additives (basic food was fed). First treatment with food containing 0.1 percent, second treatment with food containing 0.2 per cent, third treatment with food containing 0.3 percent green skin of walnut was fed for 8 weeks (56day) breeding period. Every 20 days once, biometry including gravimetric and length measurement was done. Also, at the end of the period from each treatment, 3 fish were selected at to random.To asses the color change, the colorimetric system L*a*b* was used, using device CHROMA METER CR_40. There was no significant difference regarding all three factors. Generally, it can be concluded that the use of green skin of walnuts to fish food ration, cause no impact on some growth factors and as well as survival rate and food conversion rate, but the apparent color index impact was significanot(P≥0.05) Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Isolation and molecular identification of bacterial bark canker in walnut and evaluation of bacteria pathogenicity on the seedling and immature walnuts fruits in Lorestan province
Vahid Amirsardari Mostafa Darvishniya Hossein MirzaeiBackground & Objectives: Bacterial canker in walnut is caused by Brenneria nigrifluens. The prevalence of this disease has been increasing in recent years and it is a serious threat to walnut tree in the appropriate conditions. The aim of this study was to isolate a MoreBackground & Objectives: Bacterial canker in walnut is caused by Brenneria nigrifluens. The prevalence of this disease has been increasing in recent years and it is a serious threat to walnut tree in the appropriate conditions. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify the prevalence bacterial walnut canker in Lorestan and to determine their pathogenesis in the raw walnut. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 105 branches and trunk bark walnut trees suffering of the symptoms of shallow bark canker. After purification and isolation of the disease agents, the bacteria were identified based on phenotypic characteristics. Next, the results were analyze by Ntsys-pc version 2.02 software. The PCR reactions were performed for more accurate identification of the isolates. Overall, five bacterial isolates were selected to study their pathogenesis on the walnut fruits and trunks. Results: According to the results of phenotypic characteristics of isolates, these strains were classified as B. nigrifluens. Furthermore, based on numerical analysis of the strains with 94% similarity, these isolates were classified into four groups. All isolates produced an expected 255 bp band in the PCR reaction. These strains caused necrotic area on fruit with reddish brown ooze. Conclusion: The differential phenotypic tests, the pathogenicity test on the raw fruits and specific primers are reliable methods for diagnosis of the etiology of this disease. In our knowledge, the present study is the first report regarding the occurrence of this disease in Lorestan province and also first report of the pathogenicity of B. nigrifluens on fruit in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Evaluation of Pomological Traits and Fatty Acid Composition of Some Persian Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Cultivars in Bursa, Turkey
Umran Erturk Sevil Yucel Dilan Ahi Koşar M.Batuhan Koşar Hacer Akturk -
Open Access Article
22 - Pomological and Phenological Identification of Some Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Genotypes and Cultivars
Javad Farrokhi Toolir -
Open Access Article
23 - The Effect of Thermal Pretreatment and Packaging Conditions on the Shelf-life of Walnut Kernels
Seyedhamidreza Ziaolhagh Hamed Fatemian Farzad Goodarzi -
Open Access Article
24 - Optimizing Seed Germination and Growth of Seedlings in Persian Walnut
Ahmad Raoufi Kourosh Vahdati Soheil Karimi Mahmoud Reza Roozban -
Open Access Article
25 - Evaluation of Shelf Life of Walnut Kernels Treated by Antioxidants and Different Packaging under Two Temperatures
Roghieh Talebi Habashi Shahin Zomorodi Alireza Talaie Sepideh Kalateh Jari -
Open Access Article
26 - Investigation of Soybean Oil Bleaching by Using Walnut Shell
Zeynab Forouzan Sepehr Maryam Gharachorloo Shima Yousefi -
Open Access Article
27 - Physicochemical Properties of Black Walnut (Juglans nigra L.) in the Western Mid-hills of Nepal
Subas Sunar Dinesh Bhatt Bhisma Raj Regmi Badrika Devkota Shanker Raj Barsila -
Open Access Article
28 - Stomatal Morphology and Desiccation Response of Persian Walnut Tissue Culture Plantlets Influenced by the Gelling Agent of In Vitro Culture Medium
Zeinab Asayesh Sasan Aliniaeifard Kourosh Vahdati -
Open Access Article
29 - Recognition of Fill and Empty Walnuts Using Acoustic Analysis and Fuzzy Logic
Reza Khakrangin Davood MohamadZamani Seyed Mohamad Javidan -
Open Access Article
30 - Economic and Nutritional Values of Walnut: The Main Reason for Development of Walnut in Uzbekistan
Gayrat Pardaev Ruziboy Normamatov -
Open Access Article
31 - The Effect of Ascorbic Acid on the Formation of the Separator Layer of Walnut Fruit from the Pedicel and Acetylene Gas as Ethylene Synergism in Accelerating Fruit Ripening
Reza Khosravi Zanjani Majid Abdouss Sholeh KazemifardWith the aim of facilitating the harvest and accelerating the formation of the separator layer of the fruit with the peduncle, an experiment was conducted with ascorbic acid as one of the synergists of ethylene. This experiment was conducted in the form of randomized co MoreWith the aim of facilitating the harvest and accelerating the formation of the separator layer of the fruit with the peduncle, an experiment was conducted with ascorbic acid as one of the synergists of ethylene. This experiment was conducted in the form of randomized complete blocks in 3 replications and 8 treatments based on the concentration of ascorbic acid. The present study showed: a significant difference was observed between the design blocks. However, in statistical calculations, ascorbic acid did not show a significant effect on the separation of fruits, but according to observations, the use of ascorbic acid accelerated and increased the production of ethylene in the plant, so that at a concentration of 2500 ppm, the lowest force to separate the fruit from the branch we experienced. In other words, the direct use of ascorbic acid on the fruit-bearing branch with the appropriate concentration was not ineffective in facilitating the separation of the fruit from the tree, and it requires more repeated experiments. To facilitate the separation of mesocarp from endocarp, acetylene gas was used as one of the synergisms of ethylene. The experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design with 3 replications and 4 treatments based on acetylene concentration. This study showed that acetylene gas has a significant effect on the ease of walnut mesocarp separation by accelerating fruit ripening. As a result, by using this gas as an ethylene synergy, a higher percentage of quality nuts and walnut kernels with a bright color are obtained. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Enhancing Growth and Morpho-physiological Traits of Tissue-cultured Explants of Persian Walnut through Manipulation of In vitro Lighting Spectra
Seyyed Arash Saeedi Kourosh Vahdati Sasan Aliniaeifard Saadat Sarikhani Shirin Dianati Maryam Davarzani Safieh Fakhari -
Open Access Article
33 - Phenological and Pomological Evaluation Reveals High Diversity among Walnut Populations in Southwestern Iran
Saadat Sarikhani Kazem Arzani Mahmoud Roozban Kourosh Vahdati -
Open Access Article
34 - Phenological and Pomological Characteristics of Five Promised Walnut Genotypes in Karaj, Iran
R. Mahmoodi D. Hassani M.E. Amiri M. Jaffaraghaei -
Open Access Article
35 - Genetic Diversity Evaluation of Some Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Genotypes in Meshkin-Shahr by ISSR Marker
Alireza Ghanbari Mohammad Faraji Mahdi Behnamian Asgar Estaji Adel Pyrayesh Somayeh Fahim -
Open Access Article
36 - Design and Construction a Walnut Peeler
G.R. Chegini A.R. Makarichian -
Open Access Article
37 - Design, Construction and Performance Evaluation of the Walnut Cracking Machine
A. Ghafari G.R. Chegini J. Khazaei K. Vahdati -
Open Access Article
38 - The Investigation and Evaluation of Some Important Mechanical Tests for the Consumed Varieties of Persian Walnut
A.R. Makarichian G.R. Chegini -
Open Access Article
39 - Open the Windows toward Somatic Embryogenesis of Leaf Explants of Persian Walnut (Juglans regia L.)
M Farsi K Vahdati M Lotfi M Mirmasoumi -
Open Access Article
40 - Evaluation of a Walnut Huller
G.R. Chegini A.R. Makarichian -
Open Access Article
41 - Evaluation of some Phenological and Pomological Characteristics of Selected Walnut Genotypes from Shahroud-Iran
Sara Akhiani Hossein Afshari Tahereh Parvaneh -
Open Access Article
42 - Study of Somatic Embryogenesis Potential of Male Florets and Pistillate Flowers of Persian Walnut (Juglansregia L.)
M. Farsi K. Vahdati M. Lotfi D. Hassani M. Mirmasoumi -
Open Access Article
43 - Roasting Process Optimization of Walnut Kernels for the Preparation of Walnut Cream Using Response Surface Methodology
Seyed Hamidreza Ziaolhagh Mostafa Mazaheri Tehrani Mohammad Ali Razavi Hassan Rashidi -
Open Access Article
44 - Study of Correlations betweenHorticultural Traits and Variables Affecting Kernel Percentage of Walnut (Juglans regia L.)
B. Abedi T. Parvaneh -
Open Access Article
45 - Evaluation of Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Persian Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Genotypes in the West of Meshkin-Shahr
Alireza Ghanbari Mohammad Faraji Aliakbar Shokouhian Adel Pyrayesh -
Open Access Article
46 - Genetic Diversity and Phylogenetic Study of Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis the Causal Agent of Walnut Bacterial Blight Disease
M. Shami A. Ghasemi A. Alizade Ali-Abadi A. Eskandari -
Open Access Article
47 - A Study and Comparison of Control Methods of Anthracnose Disease in Walnut Trees of Roodbar Region
A.R Zamani A Imani M MirzaAghayan R. Mohammadi -
Open Access Article
48 - Effect of Budding Method, Rootstock Age and Cut below Budding Union on Budding Success in Persian Walnut
F. Ghamari Hesabi Y. Sharafi S.J. Tabatabaei V. Grigurian -
Open Access Article
49 - Effect of Climatic Conditions on Flowering of Walnut Genotypes in Romania
Bîrsanu (Ionescu) Mariana Cosmulescu Sina Niculina -
Open Access Article
50 - The Effects of Hydroalcohlic Walnut Extract of Juglans regia Male Flower on Blood Sugar Level and Liver Enzymes Activity in Intact and Diabetic Adult Male Rat
سید ابراهیم حسینی کاظم کریم زادهDiabetes is a metabolic disorder with hyperglycemia due to defects in secretion, insulin function or both are specified. Walnut nutritional purposes in addition to traditional medicine in Iran is also used to treat diabetes, so this study examines the effect of male flo MoreDiabetes is a metabolic disorder with hyperglycemia due to defects in secretion, insulin function or both are specified. Walnut nutritional purposes in addition to traditional medicine in Iran is also used to treat diabetes, so this study examines the effect of male flowers on some walnut diabetes on diabetic male rats by measuring the amount of blood sugar and liver enzymes. The study on 80 male rats with 200 to 225 grams weight, which accidentally in three groups were performed. The first group: Control, Second: Diabetic 32 and next Group: Non-diabetic 32 over each of the groups to four are divided into eight categories: (A) The control group received normal saline, (B) treated with experimental group received the extract 2g/kg,) C) Received the extract 4g/kg, (D) Extract the downloaded 6g/kg. Eight rats were used for determination of lethal doses of LD50. For diabetes as IP 60mg/kg of streptozotocin were used. Rat daily for 15 days as a single dose extracts were treated at the end of the fifteenth day from the ventricular blood sampling were performed.Results showed a significant reduction blood sugar and ASAT,ALP in diabetics than non-diabetic group receiving thehydroalcoholic extractof male flowers walnut. However this effect is not dependent dose. In this study hydroalcoholic extract useful effect of male flowers Walnut liver damage due to inhibition and reduced blood sugar and liver enzymes levels, non-dose dependent, was observed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Effect of Hydroalcoholic Walnut (Juglans regia) Leaf Extract on Hematological Parameters in Rat with Hypothyroidism
Habibpour S. Mokhtari M. Sharifi E.Hypothyroidism is a human disease caused by autoimmune disorders and deficiency of iodine in the daily diet.In the present study, the effect of hydro alcoholicleaf extract of Walnut on hematological indices in male rats with hypothyroidism was investigated.In this exper MoreHypothyroidism is a human disease caused by autoimmune disorders and deficiency of iodine in the daily diet.In the present study, the effect of hydro alcoholicleaf extract of Walnut on hematological indices in male rats with hypothyroidism was investigated.In this experimental study, 60 adult male rats, each weigh in approximately 200-220 G, were divided into 6 groups of 10. These groups are as follow: The control group, patients in the control group, left untreated; the sham group receiving only distilled water as solvent; the experimental group 1, receiving methimazole for 10 days to induce hypothyroidism;The experimental group 2,treated with 1500 mg/kg leaf extract ;and the experimental groups 3 and 4,which in addition to the induction of hypothyroidism,were treated with 750mg/kg and 1500mg/kg extract respectively. The extract was orally administered daily for 4 weeks. At the end of this period, blood samples were prepared from all the groups, and hematological indices were measured, including the number of red and white blood cells, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil, basophil, platelets, MCV, MCH, MCHC, hematocrit, hemoglobin. The results were statistically analyzed using ANOVA variance test and the SPSS software, (Pandlt;0.05).According to the results,the number of red blood cells, platelets and hemoglobin concentration showed a significant decreased in the experimental group 1, relative to the control and sham groups, whereas the number of eosinophil increased significantly (Pandlt;0.05). In contrast, The number of RBC, platelets and hemoglobin increased significantly in experimental groups 3 andamp; 4 in comparison with experimental group 1,while the number of eosinophil declined significantly(Pandlt;0.05) .the number of red blood cells, platelets, hemoglobin, lymphocytes, MCH and MCHC decreased significantly in group with hypothyroidism relative to control and sham groups. based on our results and Studies of other researchers, hydro alcoholic Walnut leaf extractcan protect red blood cells and hemoglobin against oxidant damage , because it contains flavonoid and polyphenol compounds with high antioxidant properties and the number of eosinophil increased significantly. The compounds present in the extract can also inhibit the aggregation and adhesion of platelets, and cause an increase in the Platelet count in patients with hypothyroidism. Manuscript profile