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Open Access Article
1 - Appraising the Effect Of Macroeconomic Variables On Stock Returns
Zahra Pourzamani Azita Jahanshad Hashem Kamali RezaeiInvestors consider macroeconomics variables in making decision about their investments. This implies thatthey seek to decline investment risk (systematic risk) and obtain expected returns. The goal of this study is toinvestigate the effect of macroeconomic variables of MoreInvestors consider macroeconomics variables in making decision about their investments. This implies thatthey seek to decline investment risk (systematic risk) and obtain expected returns. The goal of this study is toinvestigate the effect of macroeconomic variables of employee rate, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), inflationand growth of stock price index on stock returns in Tehran Security Exchange in period 1379-1385 using theregression model. The results of research indicate that growth of employee rate do not have significant effect onreturns and GDP (limit effect), inflation (negative limit effect) and growth of stock price index (significanteffect) affect returns affect returns. To understand the effect of macroeconomic variables on share returns canhelp investors to make decisions appropriately and also can help policymakers to direct macroeconomic policiesand to determine the effect of these policies on security exchange. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - The Relationship Between Spirituality and job burnout Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran"
M. Asgharpour Hajiabadi H. Rezghi Shirsavar Sh. HashemniaThe purpose of the current article is to investigate the relationship between spirituality and employee burnout of the Science and Research Branch of Islamic Azad university of Tehran.The article defines burnout in three dimensions: emotional exhaustion, depersonalizati MoreThe purpose of the current article is to investigate the relationship between spirituality and employee burnout of the Science and Research Branch of Islamic Azad university of Tehran.The article defines burnout in three dimensions: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and lack of individual success. Spirituality in the workplace has been conceptualized as work with meaning in individual level, solidarity in group level and alignment with organizational values in the organizational level.The population of this study ,which is composed of over 817 people , are the total employee of the Science and Research Branch of Islamic Azad university.Among these, according to Morgan & Krejcie sampling table, 277 were randomly selected.To collect data, Maslach burnout questionnaire (1981) consisting of 20 items and Miliman & et all spirituality questionnaire (2003) consisting of 20 items were used.The validity of questionnaires is confirmed by using Expert opinions & pilot implementation.Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient test was determined 93% for spirituality in the work place and 87% for the burnout rate which is acceptable.This study analyzed data on the descriptive statistics including frequency, percentage, mean, medium, standard, deviation, variance and charting and on the inferential statistics analysis was done using Kolmogorov – Smirnov test, correlation & independent T test and regression.The findings of the current research reports that there is a significant, inverse relationship between spirituality in the workplace and burn out and with the rise of spirituality in the workplace, burn out reduces.Some of the demographic variables such as age and working experience are related to job burnout. Moreover aging as well as working experience can lead to increased burnout.However, we found no association between spirituality in the workplace & demographic variables. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - The Investigation of the Relationship among Organizational Commitment, Organizational Virtuousness, and Procrastination at Work with Regard to the Role of Demographic Variables
Akbar Etebarian Khorasgani Mojtaba Changizi MohammadiBackground: The Housing Foundation of Islamic Revolution is a governmental institution whose clients are mainly from deprived and vulnerable rural areas. The major portion of its activities is conducted in villages, regions affected by natural disasters, and deprived ur MoreBackground: The Housing Foundation of Islamic Revolution is a governmental institution whose clients are mainly from deprived and vulnerable rural areas. The major portion of its activities is conducted in villages, regions affected by natural disasters, and deprived urban areas. This study aimed at investigating the relationship of organizational commitment and perception of organizational virtue with procrastination at work, by considering the role of demographic variables. Research Method: This was an applied descriptive-correlational study. The statistical population included all employees of the Housing Foundation of Islamic Revolution in Isfahan, with at least an associate degree. The Kerjeci-Morgan's table and simple random sampling techniques were used for determination of sample size and selection of samples, respectively. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, as well as the Partial and Pearson's Correlation Coefficient were used for data collection and analysis. Findings: There was a significant correlation between all three variables, namely organizational virtue, organizational commitment, and procrastination at work. Investigation into the role of demographic variables in the quantity and quality of relationship between research variables produced the same result. The only exception was with educational level, in which the relationship of organizational virtue with procrastination was not significant. Results from investigation into the relationship between different dimensions of variables showed that organizational virtue dimensions (optimism, trust, and sympathy) were not significantly correlated with continued commitment. The same result was observed with demographic variables, as moderating variables. Investigation into the relationship of procrastination with dimensions of organizational commitment also showed a significant correlation between emotional and continued commitments with procrastination. The same result was also observed with demographic variables. The only exception was with age and educational level, in which emotional commitment and procrastination were not correlated. Finally, a significant correlation was observed between procrastination at work and two dimensions of organizational virtue. Conclusion: To decrease procrastination at work among employees, some measures, including training through performance contagion, should be taken to improve their perception of organizational virtue and organizational commitment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Estimate the mitigation of environmental pollutant in in buali street’s multi-story car park of Qazvin by green walls
Amir Hossein JanzadehIn recent decade, due the increase of cars emissions as well as Low per capita of green space, Pollutant concentrations has reached above the Public health standards in many developing cities of iran. This problem led to an increase in sudden mortality rate in these urb MoreIn recent decade, due the increase of cars emissions as well as Low per capita of green space, Pollutant concentrations has reached above the Public health standards in many developing cities of iran. This problem led to an increase in sudden mortality rate in these urban areas. This situation in spaces with special functions such as multistory-car-parks is much more important. The expansion of Qazvin has led to an increase in the need for the parking facilities in dense urban areas. This problem has been solved by building underground and multi-story parking in these areas. Buali Street’s multi-story car parks are intended for economic exploitation in terms of land as well as meeting the need of parking space shortage for cars in one of the densest urban areas. Emissions caused by more than a thousand cars in the parking lot Due to excessive condensation on parking site, increased the level of pollutants at this location. This problem needs to provide a way for reducing the level of pollutant. Nowadays use of the vegetation as materials for building skin to mitigate the environmental problems. The green wall technology has wide application and significant benefits in term of Environments, saving energy, economy, Psychology, Reduced greenhouse gas emissions, Prevention of heating islands, Improve air quality, employment opportunities and aesthetic aspects. Given the role of plants in reducing urban pollutant and taking into account that urban green spaces and the trees on the edge of streets and parks can absorb pollutants only at low levels, so the possibility to create Vegetation at higher levels Due to vertical growth of cities, can be an effective step in reducing the micron pollutants that has maximum concentration at the Levels above the ground and adjacent building openings. The system considered in this study is a special kind of green wall that includes climbing plants with a modular scaffold system that are used to provide support and direction for move the plants. To use this system in a building with multiple floors, such as those comes in this study we face, the plant that planted in a soil bed (medium), fixed to the part of the facades is required by using the support structure. After a few months (depending on the environmental conditions), the facade is covered with vegetation. This study intends to estimate the amount of contaminants arising from the cars’ emission in Buali street’s parking and determine the level of mitigation of pollution by green wall. The present study was based on a combination of library-based as well as statistical and numerical methods which are used to determine the concentration of carbon monoxide, lead and smokes in parking areas and to calculate the mitigation of these pollutants by big-leaf model. the result indicated that 1m2 of green wall on the Buali’s multi-story car parks wall’s can reduced the emissions of pollutants in the 757.7μg per second. In other word these walls mitigated the air pollution in parking area as 26.1% and prevent them from being damaged. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - The Role of Class Scale in Promotion of Students’ Participation in Active Learning Process (Case Study: Male Students of a Secondary School in Shiraz)
ali akbar heidari Yaghowb Peyvastehgar Saeed Gandomkar -
Open Access Article
6 - Efficiency Evaluation of Two-Stage Data Envelopment Analysis Model Based on Triangular Intuitionistic Fuzzy numbers andslack variables
nafiseh javaherian Ali Hamzehee Hossein sayyadi Tooranloo Reza Soleymani-DamanehData Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is one of the best tools for evaluating the performance of decision-making units. Traditional DEA fails to measure efficient and inefficient units and evaluate the performance of network systems, and traditional models of DEA do not pay a MoreData Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is one of the best tools for evaluating the performance of decision-making units. Traditional DEA fails to measure efficient and inefficient units and evaluate the performance of network systems, and traditional models of DEA do not pay attention to internal structures and intermediate values. For this reason, in recent years, DEA model, known as network Data Envelopment Analysis models, have been introduced, this models eliminated this deficiency by considering intermediate values. In this paper, DEA based on network two-stage and slack variables and triangular intuitionistic fuzzy data is used to identify the efficiency of units. At first, the two-stage DEA model is introduced and then the model is transformed based on intuitionistic fuzzy coefficients and variables and finally it is converted to crisp two-stage structures by arithmetic operators on intuitionistic fuzzy data. The importance of this model is to measure the values of slack variables, which based on the Tone and Tsutsui model optimizes the intermediate values for inefficient units and ultimately shows better inefficiency. Finally, the optimized intermediate values are considered in the proposed model and thus are improved the overall efficiency of the system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Designing a Dynamic two-stage data envelopment analysis model to calculate partial and periodic efficiency
Reza Soleymani-DamanehThe measurement of organizational efficiency has always been discussed by various researchers. Data envelopment analysis, taking the inputs and outputs of the decision-making units into account, makes it possible to calculate the relative efficiency for each unit. Many MoreThe measurement of organizational efficiency has always been discussed by various researchers. Data envelopment analysis, taking the inputs and outputs of the decision-making units into account, makes it possible to calculate the relative efficiency for each unit. Many organizations have a two-stage structure, and their performance in successive periods depends on each other. In evaluating such a structure, partial and periodic efficiency must be calculated. Early models and network and dynamic models are not able to calculate this performance alone. Models of existing dynamic networks are also unable to provide a projection for inefficient units or solve all challenges. In this study, by defining the PPS, an input-oriented dynamic two-stage DEA was developed. In this model, the optimal value of the intermediate and carryover variables is determined by the next stage and period, and the stages and periods become efficient backward from the last stage of the last period. In addition to the total structure, the model makes efficient all stages and periods and only becomes an efficient unit if it is efficient in all stages and periods. It was also proved that the projection of the unit to be evaluated is partial, periodic, and total efficient. How to use the model to calculate efficiency was expressed by a practical three periodical example. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - A new non oriented models for calculating the efficiency of decision-making units in the presence of flexible variables
M. Sharifi GH. Tohidi B. Daneshian F. Modarres khiyabaniIn assessing the relative efficiency of decision-maker units by classical Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) models, the status of the data is determined from the input or output points of views. In real issues, there are some data whose statuses are debatable. Some decisi MoreIn assessing the relative efficiency of decision-maker units by classical Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) models, the status of the data is determined from the input or output points of views. In real issues, there are some data whose statuses are debatable. Some decision making units consider them as input to achieve higher efficiency while some other decision making units consider them as output, but these data are known as flexible variables. Thus, these data are known as flexible variables. Several parametric and non-parametric models have been introduced for categorizing such data. In most of the status-oriented models (input or output based) introduced to determine the status of flexible data, different statuses of a model can produce different results in determining the statuses of the flexible variable. In non-status models, the value of M is also used to select the main constraint and to remove the waste constraints. In these models, by choosing different values for M, different results are achieved in determining the status of the flexible variable, the efficiency and return to scale of decision-making units. To solve these problems in DEA, a non-status model is proposed which, in addition to determining the status of the flexible variable, can obviate the computational error, and the problems caused by the presence of M in the model. The advantages of the proposed model are compared with other models with an empirical example. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Supplier Selection in Supply Chain Management by Data Envelopment Analysis
Z. Moghaddas M. Vaez-Ghasemi B. Rahnama ParchekoaleiNowadays, managing a supply chain is turned to be one of the fundamentals of business process. In doing so, investigating and analyzing each and every of the processes and selecting the best of each process is an important challenge for strategic managers. In this paper MoreNowadays, managing a supply chain is turned to be one of the fundamentals of business process. In doing so, investigating and analyzing each and every of the processes and selecting the best of each process is an important challenge for strategic managers. In this paper Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) technique is used and a model is provided for selecting the best suppliers with flexible inputs and outputs. Here, suppliers according to the different requirements of the next stage can be flexible for providing the already forecasting alterations. As an instance, transporting one of the flexible outputs can be considered which can be sent from the earth, sea, or the air. This has the direct effect on the selection of the best suppliers and according to this selection the new chain will be selected in accordance to the requirements of the whole chain. In this paper, according to DEA models and the binary algorithm, a new model will be presented for suppliers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - A new approach based on alpha cuts for solving data envelopment analysis model with fuzzy stochastic inputs and outputs
S. H. Nasseri O. gholami M. Fallah JelodardData Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a widely used technique for measuring the relative efficiencies of homogenous Decision Making Units (DMUs) with multiple inputs and multiple outputs. These factors may be evaluated in fuzzy or stochastic environment. Hence, the classic MoreData Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a widely used technique for measuring the relative efficiencies of homogenous Decision Making Units (DMUs) with multiple inputs and multiple outputs. These factors may be evaluated in fuzzy or stochastic environment. Hence, the classic structures of DEA model may be changed where in two fold fuzzy stochastic environment. For instances, linearity, feasibility and normal domain of efficiency scores (input orientation) between zero and one are some of these properties. In this paper, a new approach based on alpha cuts is proposed for evaluating decision making units with fuzzy stochastics inputs and outputs. The proposed approach modifies these weaknesses to solve DEA models with fuzzy stochastic parameters. A numerical example is given to illustrate the features and the applicability of the proposed model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - The Design and Calibration of a New Keynesian DSGE Model with Stock Market Dynamics in Iran Economy
Ahmad Salahmanesh Seyed Aziz Arman Ebrahim Anvari Abdollah PourjavanFinancial markets especially capital market can make strong connections with other parts of the economy. After 2007/2008 financial crisis and global extensive economic recession, the economists show interest in the financial markets function again. The purpose of this s MoreFinancial markets especially capital market can make strong connections with other parts of the economy. After 2007/2008 financial crisis and global extensive economic recession, the economists show interest in the financial markets function again. The purpose of this study is to design and calibrate a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium new Keynesian model with Stock market dynamism to investigate the stock market channal effectiveness mechanism on macroeconomics variables. So an open DSGE model containing households, firms, banks, government and central bank was designed and after log-linearization, then the model’s parameters were calibrated using quarterly data 1996:3-2013:2 and experimental studies results. This study shows that a negative shock to stock price index in the DSGE model via financial accelerator and bank capital channel will result in decrease production, consumption, investment, deposits and inflation and therefor the macroeconomic variables such as consumption, investment and production have stronger relationship with stock market dynamism Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - The Effects of Macro economic Variables on Life Insurance Demand (Case study: MENA Region (
کامبیز پیکارجو فرهاد غفاری فهیمه شاهانیIn developed countries a significant part of trade volume of insurance industry (over 50 percent) belong to the life insurance. The share of life insurance in insurance markets in developed countries, is considered as a degree of development in insurance industries in d MoreIn developed countries a significant part of trade volume of insurance industry (over 50 percent) belong to the life insurance. The share of life insurance in insurance markets in developed countries, is considered as a degree of development in insurance industries in different countries, therefore developing countries intended to review the factors that affect growth and development life insurance to be able to accelerate development and increase the input size of insurance sector of capital markets. This research assesses the effects of macro economic variables on the demand for life insurance in the selected countries by using panel data estimation method between 1999-2008. Results of this study show that all macro economic variables( inflation, interest rates, financial development, GDP per capital and employment) have significant effect on demand for life insurance in studied countries. It is obvious that financial development has minimum effect on purchasing life insurance in this countries, also there is no significant relationship between oil shock and the demand for life insurance in studied countries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Anticipation of Iran Mercantile Exchange (IME) gold coin price using Artificial Neural Network Approach with GMDH Algorithm
عباس معمار نژاد وحید فرمان آراThe economy of every country is composed of different sectors in which, the relationship amongst them determines the dimensions of the economy of that country. The capital market together with money market make up the financial market as the main arteries of an economy. MoreThe economy of every country is composed of different sectors in which, the relationship amongst them determines the dimensions of the economy of that country. The capital market together with money market make up the financial market as the main arteries of an economy. Their operation has a significant influence on the growth and development of the economy. In cases where there is no constructive relationship between the financial market and economic sectors, economic performance might be subject to distortions. The stock market as a fundamental pillar of the financial market plays a crucial role in facilitating investments in the capital market. Given the importance of expectations in different economic fields, the main purpose of this study, as its title explains, is to anticipate of Iran Mercantile Exchange (IME) gold coin price Therefore, after a brief review of dominant economic theories, a new method, artificial neural network GMDH, is used to forecast the impact of macroeconomic variables( including the rate u.s. dollar as foreign exchange, the price of gold coin, the price of gold and oil in termes of dollar, the over-all index of stocks, the delivery date of gold coin) on the gold coin price. The GMDH Algorithm is a nonlinear model to anticipate complex systematic relationships between variables of the model. The special feature of this deductive algorithm is recognition and screening of the most effective variables to estimate the model with training samples and omit the non-significant ones from the simulation process with testing samples. So, an attempt is made to solve the model via iterative methods to minimize the typical standard Error like RMSE, MAPE, and so on. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Long-run and Short-run Effects of Monetary and Exchange Rate Variables on Stock Prices in Iran
عباس علویراد حمید حقنویسThe movement in the stock price index is an important indicator in the economic system of a country. The purpose of this paper is to examine the long-run and short-run relations between Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) price index and monetary and exchange rate variables in MoreThe movement in the stock price index is an important indicator in the economic system of a country. The purpose of this paper is to examine the long-run and short-run relations between Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) price index and monetary and exchange rate variables in Iran. We have used Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) modeling approach and Error Correction Model (ECM) to determine the effects of monetary and exchange rate variables on TSE price index in the long-run and short-run. This procedure for small sample will be the most appropriate. Quantitative estimates based on the time series monthly data from 2004 to 2009, indicate that liquidity (M2) has a positive effect on TSE price index in the long-run. But, free market exchange rate (FER) and legal reserve (LR) have a negative effect on TSE price index in the long-run. On the other hand, monetary variables have a significant effect on TSE price index in the short-run. However, the coefficient of the Error Correction Term (ECT) shows that the speed of adjustment is slow and the ECM can only explain 69 per cent of the fluctuations of TSE price index. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Examining the Effective Factors on Whistle Blowing Intention Among the Employees of Healthcare Sector (Case Study: Employees of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences)
Minoo Afshani Hojat Vahdati mohamad hakkak najmodin moosaviIntroduction: whistleblowing is a powerful tool for preventing organizational wrongdoings. Many factors influence on employees' intention to report organizational wrongdoings. Personality and situational variables are the most influential factors. The purpose of this st MoreIntroduction: whistleblowing is a powerful tool for preventing organizational wrongdoings. Many factors influence on employees' intention to report organizational wrongdoings. Personality and situational variables are the most influential factors. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between situational variables (characteristics of wrongdoing, the status of wrongdoer) and individual variables (attitude towards whistleblowing, internal locus of control, and moral identity) with the employees' intention to blow the whistle. Method: This is a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study that was conducted on 242 employees of the Central department of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. A questionnaire that is made based on previous studies was used to collect the data. Analysis of the data processed using the Partial Least Square (PLS) with Smart PLS software. Results: The amount of standardized coefficients between independent variables and whistleblowing intention were statistically significant (P <0.005), meaning that the internal locus of control, the existence of moral identity, attitude toward whistleblowing, characteristics of wrongdoing and wrongdoer's status have positive and significant effects on individual's decision to report the wrongdoings. Conclusion: Given that individuals with internal locus of control, positive attitude about whist blowing and high morality cannot be able to ignore the organizational wrongdoings, and the status of wrongdoer and characteristics of wrongdoing have significant effects on employees' willingness to whistleblowing, it is better for organizations to use employees with these characteristics at more sensitive or critical places, and make some arrangements such as providing reporting channels in order to facilitate this behavior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - A Simulation Based of Setting Policy in Project Acceptance Based on Experiences in Project-Driven SME's
S. Izadin R. Radfar J. Nazemi -
Open Access Article
17 - The Role of Management Accounting Information in Management Control System in Large Manufacturing Companies in Iran
Elnaz Tajvidi Sahar MohammadiIn this study, the contingency theory was used to investigate the role of management accounting information in the effectiveness of management control system in large manufacturing companies in order to better utilize effective management control systems in a developing MoreIn this study, the contingency theory was used to investigate the role of management accounting information in the effectiveness of management control system in large manufacturing companies in order to better utilize effective management control systems in a developing country. The related literature on the mediating effect of the usefulness of management accounting information on the effect of five contingent variables on the management control system. The findings of this research are based on the distribution of questionnaires among the activists working in accounting in large manufacturing companies from different industrial sectors in Iran. The role of management accounting information in the effectiveness of management control systems in these companies is identified in terms of four domains: timeliness, aggregation and integration and has been analyzed using partial least squares method. There is a gap between the importance and availability of management accounting information as well as management accounting information playing a mediating role in the relationship between competition strategy, production complexity and environmental uncertainty with the effectiveness of the management control system, but regarding formalization and centralization of this No items. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Surveying and explanation of accounting variables as well as the type of auditor’s opinion in the companies listed in Stock Exchange
B. Banimahd B. ShirzadIn this research, it is done the best to study and survey the relation between accounting variables and type of auditor’s opinion. Therefore, 56 companies have been tested at random through stock exchange from 2002 to 2008. In this research, it was utilized Logis MoreIn this research, it is done the best to study and survey the relation between accounting variables and type of auditor’s opinion. Therefore, 56 companies have been tested at random through stock exchange from 2002 to 2008. In this research, it was utilized Logistic Regression since the dependent variable is qualitative (accepting or rejection of the type of auditor’s opinion). It was initially compared the average indices in two groups including accepted and rejected opinions by K2 and T-student tests, finally the data were modeled by Logistic Regression as well as the compelling & step by step ( parent pioneer) methods. The statistic test indicated that the average of profit quality, company size and profit management index and also the deviation of big standards of the mentioned variables are approximately comparable values which is an indicative that they have no effect on the type of auditor’s opinion. The results also showed that there is no relation among the type of auditor’s variables, the change of auditor and the type of auditor’s opinion. However, there is relation among the financial assets yield, leverage and type of auditor’s opinion Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Review of Change in Model of Earnings Management of Jones Modified And Compare it with The Model of Affective Variables on Accruals of Tehran Stock Exchange in Bankrupt Firms
Seyed Mehdi Fadakar Khosro Faghani Makranin Ali ZabihiEarnings management models are designed according to economical and environmental conditions of each country. The purpose of this research is to meanwhile, by adding the intercept to the Jones modified model, provided a model based on Tehran Stock Exchange data and test MoreEarnings management models are designed according to economical and environmental conditions of each country. The purpose of this research is to meanwhile, by adding the intercept to the Jones modified model, provided a model based on Tehran Stock Exchange data and tested it for bankrupt firms and compared with the Jones modified model. in order to achieve this purpose , we use cross sectional regression and software R to factor analyses all the variables affecting accruals. since it becomes clear which variables have the most impact on accruals. The method has been trial and error. The model of effective variables on accruals is originated from factor analysis. The model has been compared with two forms, A) With adding intercept B) Without intercept. Jones modified model with adding intercept showed us that 28 firms out of 37, had more earning management before bankruptcy, while the without intercept identified only 24 firms. And also the model of effective variables on accruals has been statistically more efficient then Jones modified model and it able to showed us that 34 firms out of 37, had more earning management before bankruptcy (With adding intercept), and the without intercept identified 32 firms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - An Explanation of the Role of Normative Variables in Organizational Silence
ثمین kh asghar sharifi mohammad naghi imaniOrganizational silence can be an obstacle for ideas and individuals in an organization to be expressed, so the identification of the factors influencing it and an attempt to eliminate them can facilitate the expression of ideas, opinions, and employees’ points of MoreOrganizational silence can be an obstacle for ideas and individuals in an organization to be expressed, so the identification of the factors influencing it and an attempt to eliminate them can facilitate the expression of ideas, opinions, and employees’ points of view. The purpose of this research is to explain the role of normative variables in organizational silence. This research is a qualitative research that was conducted using a grounded theory approach. The statistical population included 10 experts and specialists in the management of municipalities who were selected by using a purposive sampling approach as contributors in the research. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with general guidance. In order to gain validity and liability, two methods of the participants and non-participating experts’ revision in the research were used. Data were analyzed by content analysis. The core category of this study is the organizational silence which is analyzed and based on the causal conditions. The underlying conditions of the strategies is formulated and the final model is presented based on it. The results of this research have shown the role of normative variables in organizational silence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Managerial model of "cultural security - social" According to the identity elements in Iran
Seied Reza Salehi Amiri Mohsen Ghadami Fateme BaratloSecurity in here is society's ability to continue to evolve as part of his nature.Identify the Iranian elements of "social-cultural security" is presented in this surveyand also explained the procedure. Variables including national identity, ethnicidentity, religious id MoreSecurity in here is society's ability to continue to evolve as part of his nature.Identify the Iranian elements of "social-cultural security" is presented in this surveyand also explained the procedure. Variables including national identity, ethnicidentity, religious identity, modern identity. Validity and reliability of this instrumenthave already been confirmed.The theoretical frameworks are Parsons AGIL model, systems theory; Culturalmanagement to identify needs, Copenhagen school, or "Security Studies,Copenhagen, " and School of symbolic interaction.Ends statistical methods including factor analysis to confirm the structures, Methodsof descriptive statistics and correlation analysis of variance with post hoc tests, the Ttestcompared with the Friedman test is a constant.Finally, Variable elements of both ethnic identity and national identity as a strongsecurity culture - social and can be considered as a strategic variable in the modelmanagement of cultural- societal security is emphasized. Monitoring andmanagement pattern of adopting a strategic approach to the issue of identity andthe variables, the general attitude of plurality in unity is obtained. The policy ofdecentralization in the management of cultural security - in the community isemphasized Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Analysis of social capital based on demographic variables in Hormozgan province
Mohammad AshinehThe concept of social capital has the potential to direct behavior based on network, norm, value and social trust in the structure. Social capital is considered a desirable element for doing intra-group work, and its existence is necessary for social solidarity and achi MoreThe concept of social capital has the potential to direct behavior based on network, norm, value and social trust in the structure. Social capital is considered a desirable element for doing intra-group work, and its existence is necessary for social solidarity and achieving society's goals; The higher the amount of social capital, the lower the cost of society. The purpose of this research is to describe the amount of social capital in terms of demographic variables. The statistical population of this article includes 13 cities of Hormozgan province, and the data was collected from the land survey center and as a whole. The results showed that the social capital of citizens living in Hormozgan province is at an average level, they are all over the country.Also, social capital among men with an average of 2.74, people over 55 years of age 2.79, Shia religion 2.74, people with primary education level 2.92, retirees 2.78 more than others. These statistics are approximately close to the amount of social capital across the country. It shows that men often communicate with a wider range of people due to the connection with the outside environment and as a result of more social activities and being in better social and professional positions than women, and the opportunity to communicate and expand Social ties are much more for men. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - A comparison of entrepreneurship trainees based on individual characteristics, job and education variables related to factors affecting entrepreneurship development on curriculum of training science in bachelor level
Maryam Seif Naraqi Masoumeh Oladian -
Open Access Article
24 - Analysis of factors related tissue regeneration Urban Area 20 District 17 of Tehran Case Study
اسماعیل نصیری marziye salariniaMultivariate regression analysis showed that the two independent variables and the dependent variable is linearly related to the participation of households in the renewal plan. (sig <0/05) as well as the significance of regression and analysis of variance is a linea MoreMultivariate regression analysis showed that the two independent variables and the dependent variable is linearly related to the participation of households in the renewal plan. (sig <0/05) as well as the significance of regression and analysis of variance is a linear relationship between the variables shows. According to this study should be noted that the findings of the questionnaire on the main variables in recreating Urban damaged more than average assessed. Field data show that the rate of interest is 1.89% of households in relation to collective partnerships. The results show that factors believed to contribute to the awareness of the project with 8/20 and 83/40 6DOF and 000/0 = sig greatest impact on the variables involved in regeneration projects has been damaged. So that by increasing the awareness of citizens and timely notification of the project, given the increased satisfaction and the ability of citizens to participate increases. The results of this research show that the socio-spatial level of effective participation of the people in the old urban tissue regeneration schemes, there is a significant relationship Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Climate Signals applied to the prediction of evaporation in west of Iran
Enayatolah Rahmati Majid Montazeri Amir Gandomkar Mehran Lashani ZandEvaporation is one of the climatic variables that predict significant role in the planning of water. Due to the relatively high rainfall in areas of West Iran, awareness of the evaporation rate of water in these areas is essential for proper management.The factors influ MoreEvaporation is one of the climatic variables that predict significant role in the planning of water. Due to the relatively high rainfall in areas of West Iran, awareness of the evaporation rate of water in these areas is essential for proper management.The factors influencing rate of evaporation, which are climatic signals according to their role in predicting enables evaporation. Evaporation prediction was performed using artificial neural network model based on climatic signals. the data of evaporation at three synoptic stations and the most important climate signals whit at least 20 years of monthly analysis using NeuroSolution software. The results show that the most Important signals affecting the evaporation areas include; Nina3, Nina1, Sw monsoon, Mei and Nina4.Comparison of observed data with a high correlation between the ANN output data shows. So that the correlation of the Kermanshah station is 71%, Hamedan 82% and Sanandaj 80%.The output data of the neural network and climatic signals, can accurately predict the top 97% of the areas evaporation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Analyzing on developed levels of rural areas of Bandar Anzali with the focus on standardize Variable model
Pari Mosapour Miyandehi Alireza EstelajiThe purpose of most planner in Various Countries is to prove development and the ultimate goal of development is access to stable development .In planning process for rural development, recognizing structural characteristics of developed levels and environmental abiliti MoreThe purpose of most planner in Various Countries is to prove development and the ultimate goal of development is access to stable development .In planning process for rural development, recognizing structural characteristics of developed levels and environmental abilities of each region have great important. In order to resolve the problems from regional un equilibrium, the first step is identifying and leveling of the regions in success rate on social, economical and service contexts, which standardized variable method is one of supplied model in this context. In present study, using 32 index (for facilitating, infrastructure and over structure services, in each of the villages had been collected and had been indicated as infrastructure and over structure services in tables, the numbers of indexes turn to 5 indexes) which is necessary of rural development and various context of economic, social and services using standardized variable model of developed levels of Bandar Anzali had been determined and analyzed. The aim of this paper is investigating economical and social characteristics of Bandar Anzali villages with each other and determining their development rate until in decisions and regional planning in practical dimension have used. The results from this research indicates that despite of relatively homogeneous environmental conditions, villages have remarkable different in success rate and development level. Also, villages success rate in each economical , social and services dimension are not the same. In sum, we can say that 39/3% of total villages of Bandar Anzali have success and 60/7 % are deprived. This difference is induce the necessary of providing and performing schedules and intended plans for uniformly of rural area in this town. Statistical universe of the present research are the total villages of Bandar Anzali and its method is descriptive and analyzing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Ranking The Most Important Indicators and Variables in urban Resilience of The Region 15 of Tehran
foroogh FatahiVajari Rahim Sarvar Alireza EstelajiIntroduction and Purpose: Urban resilience is the ability of an urban system in a spatial and temporal scale to maintain or a prompt return to the desirable performances of the past against disturbances (natural hazards) aiming at being stable through changes. A city w MoreIntroduction and Purpose: Urban resilience is the ability of an urban system in a spatial and temporal scale to maintain or a prompt return to the desirable performances of the past against disturbances (natural hazards) aiming at being stable through changes. A city will be called resilient, when it is simultaneously capable of providing a balance between ecosystem and human functions, being flexible, having the power to be adaptive to uncertainty and unexpected events, as well as maintaining and investing on the existing potential opportunities. Reducing the resilience in the cities has increased the vulnerability of the city system; As a result the small disruptions and shocks might lead to the crisis. Therefore, via considering the importance of the subject, the research seeks to promote a theoretical knowledge in the area of urban environments resilience. Method: In this study, descriptive and analytical research method has been used to identify and compile effective elements on urban resilience and from tools such as observation, questionnaire and statistical analysis tool of structural equations Lisrel. Findings: The results obtained from the LISREL software indicate that the institutional and administrative, economic, social, as well as physical and infrastructural indices with the respective direct and positive coefficients of 0.96, 0.64, 0.24, and 0.13 are among the most important indicators in urban resilience. Conclusion: The institutional - administrative index, which is the most influential component between resiliency elements, has a logical and meaningful correlation in relation to other components and the most correlation between the institutional - administrative indexes and the economic index is 0.62 that As a key factor, has a lot of influence on the other three indices and by strengthening this index, it is possible to improve and enhance other effective indicators on urban resilience in order to finally improve the overall level of urban resilience in the region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Explain Predictive Factors Tendency to Entrepreneurship among Rural Women
Hamed Izadi bahman khosravipour Ameneh SavariMombeniToday, in many developed and developing countries, rural entrepreneurship in general and rural women entrepreneurship has been seen specifically as the key to economic development as well as business improvement in many countries around the world. The purpose of this st MoreToday, in many developed and developing countries, rural entrepreneurship in general and rural women entrepreneurship has been seen specifically as the key to economic development as well as business improvement in many countries around the world. The purpose of this study was explaining the predictive factors of tendency to entrepreneurship among rural women. This research is descriptive-survey in terms of practical purpose and in terms of data collection. The statistical population of this study consisted of rural women in five villages of Deh Pir jonobi of eastern functions of Khorramabad county, the Center of Lorestan province (N = 756) based on Morgan table, a sample size of 256 people was selected. The sampling method with proportional assignment. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose face validity was confirmed based on the collective opinion of faculty members and relevant experts. In addition, to determine the reliability of different parts of the questionnaire, pre-test and calculation of Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used, which was between 0.70 and 0.91. The results obtained from the model of structural equations of path analysis showed that the three variables of self-identity, self-efficacy and facilities are the variables affecting the tendency of rural women to entrepreneurship in a positive and direct way. and these variables eventually accounted for 86% of the changes Predict the tendency of rural women to entrepreneurship. The results of this study have important implications for policymakers seeking to promote the entrepreneurial culture of rural women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - DEA Models with Interval Scale Inputs and Outputs
M .Mohammadpour -
Open Access Article
30 - Digital Soil Mapping of Soil Classes in Floodplain and Low Relief Lands (Case Study: Hirmand County)
Mohammad Reza Pahlavan Rad Seyed Javad Forghani Mehrdad Esfandyari Ali Mohammadi TorkashvandThis study was conducted in order to digital mapping soil classes according to WRB system was conducted by boosted regression tree (BRT) method on about 60.000 hectares of Hirmand county lands. 108 soil profiles were dug and soil profiles were sampled and described base MoreThis study was conducted in order to digital mapping soil classes according to WRB system was conducted by boosted regression tree (BRT) method on about 60.000 hectares of Hirmand county lands. 108 soil profiles were dug and soil profiles were sampled and described based on WRB system. Twenty environmental covariates were used as estimators for soil mapping including terrain attributes and remote sensing covariates. Results showed that the young soil covered the study area and mostly influenced by flood sediment which classified as Fluvisol and Cambisol groups and Solonchak group in salt -affected area. The variable importance showed that the environmental attributes such as Multi-resolution Valley Bottom Flatness Index (MrVBF), Valley Depth, Convergence Index, Catchment Area and Salinity Index (NDSI) had the highest importance among all covariates for two levels of WRB prediction. The validation results showed that the BRT model could predict WRB1 and WRB2 levels with overall accuracy of 47 and 25%, respectively, and also from WRB1 to WRB2 levels the accuracy decreased. In low relief area and young soil that the low soils variability, digital soil mapping approach could be useful, efficient, and fast technique to produce and predict soil classes map. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Determining the Optimal Amount of Zeolite in Order to Control Runoff and Sedimentation of Burnt Soil under Laboratory Conditions
Leila Gholami Ataollah Kavian Nabiyeh KarimiBackground and Aim: Changes in soil moisture and aggregates stability both in the short term and in the long term after fire are important because of their important role in plant growth and nutrition and soil erosion. On the other hand, the conditioners usage in soil a MoreBackground and Aim: Changes in soil moisture and aggregates stability both in the short term and in the long term after fire are important because of their important role in plant growth and nutrition and soil erosion. On the other hand, the conditioners usage in soil and water conservation is necessary for the sustainable usage of water and soil resources. The soil and water conservation requires the determining the optimal amount of soil conditioners in order to prevent water pollution with the application of chemical fertilizers. Nevertheless, determining the optimal amount of various soil conditioners less has been note with the quantification aim of their effect on the runoff and soil loss components. The present study was conducted in order to determination of the optimal amount of zeolite in fire soil under laboratory conditions. Method: In the current research, zeolite additive with amounts of 250, 500 and 750 g m-2 was used in the collected soil from the rangeland. The preliminary results on the soil showed that the soil texture, organic matter, organic carbon and pH, EC were clay, 0.47 percent, 0.27 percent, 7.86, respectively. After preparing the soil and placing inside plots (with scale of 0.5 m2), fire treatment applied to the soil surface. For this purpose, the remains of air-dried rangeland species with amounts about 250 g m-2 were poured and then fire was applied. The plots were placed under rainfall simulator system for a rainfall intensity of 50 mm h-1. Then, the runoff and sediment samples were collected in control and conserved plots with zeolite in three replicates. The total volume of the runoff sample and its sediment concentration were take constant for 24 h and the excess water volume of the samples was drained and finally the samples were placed in an oven at a temperature of 105˚c for 24 h. Results: The statistical results indicated the zeolite conditioner with rates of 250, 50, and 750 g m-2 on the surface of fire soil had the significant effect on the increasing the time to runoff (in confidence level of 99 percent) and decreasing the runoff volume (in confidence level of 99 percent), soil loss (in confidence level of 99 percent) and sediment concentration (in confidence level of 99 percent). Also, the results showed that the conservation percentage of time to runoff in zeolite treatment with rates of 250, 500 and 750 g s-2 was 1.61, 17.30 and 20.04 percent, respectively. The changes percent of the runoff volume in the fire soil with the zeolite application with different amounts was 8.00, 10.66 and 22.66 percent, respectively. The results of soil loss indicated that the conservation percent of zeolite conditioner in fire soil after the zeolite application with the used amounts was 14.24, 32.03 and 38.33 percent, respectively. Finally, the changes percent of zeolite conditioner in the fire soil on sediment concentration were 21.13, 24.90 and 21.41 percent, respectively. Conclusion: The fire phenomenon in the control treatment caused the decreasing the soil porosity and the creation of the hydrophobic layer, which also decreased the infiltration amount of soil and also caused to drying of the soil, especially in the surface layer, and significantly increased the runoff and sediment transportation. The subgrouping results of the different zeolite treatments on the time to runoff showed that zeolite with the amount of 750 g m-2 was placed in the third subgroup, which it was selected as the optimal amount to increasing the time to runoff and reducing the runoff volume in the post-fire soil conditions. Also, the investigation of the conservation effect and grouping the different zeolite amounts showed that the zeolite with the amount of 250 and 500 g m-2 were the better for sediment concentration and soil loss, respectively, its same effect with other amounts and also its discussion of the economic efficiency. Therefore, they are suggested as optimal and practical values for changes study of sediment concentration and soil loss components. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Impact of Coastal Fabric Variables on Climatic Variables in Hot and Humid Regions (Case Study: Bandar Abbas)
Shahin Heidari Hojat GhaediBackground and Purpose: The city structure and street canyons have a major impact on the micro climate and thermal comfort situation in urban areas. The hot and humid weather of Bandar Abbas, especially in long summers, poses problems against urban activities especially MoreBackground and Purpose: The city structure and street canyons have a major impact on the micro climate and thermal comfort situation in urban areas. The hot and humid weather of Bandar Abbas, especially in long summers, poses problems against urban activities especially among the affectionate people in the Persian Gulf region who are known for their social activities. Creating favorable climatic conditions for coastal urban spaces will increase the social interactions of the inhabitants of the area. Material and Methods: The research method is experimental and electronic tools are applied for collecting climate data and SPSS software is devised for data analysis. This research has investigated the relationship between urban structure and climatic conditions to find suitable climatic conditions in the coastal strips using the appropriate urban structure. Results: The results of the study showed that vernacular coastal fabrics are more predictable than the modern fabrics. In vernacular fabric the passages with have coefficient of determination of 0.28 and in modern fabric the passages with have coefficient of determination of 0.34 significant relationship was found with air flow velocity. Further, in vernacular fabrics with passages have coefficient of determination of 0.29 and with passages have coefficient of determination of 0.95 significant relationship was found with air temperature difference. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of the research are used to provide regression equations for the relationship between physical and climate variables to be applied by the designers and architects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Ecotourism Carrying Capacity Evaluation with Emphasis on Sustainable Development in Bisheh Waterfall as a Geotourism Area
Farzaneh Behrad Mehrdad Hadipour Morteza Naderi Azadeh KazemiIntroduction: Capacity assessment of natural areas in different directions is one of the tools to achieve sustainable development, to reduce pressure on ecosystems and to prevent their destruction. One of the most effective uses of natural ecosystems is circulation, whi MoreIntroduction: Capacity assessment of natural areas in different directions is one of the tools to achieve sustainable development, to reduce pressure on ecosystems and to prevent their destruction. One of the most effective uses of natural ecosystems is circulation, which can have negative effects on natural ecosystems if not planned and planned. In this regard, determining the capacity of the recreation can mitigate to some extent these effects. Because of the nature of the study area where is mountainous, Lorestan waterfall is one of the most fragile natural areas which needs planning to manage the influx of tourists into the area can be effective in protecting the sensitive resources of this ecosystem. Material & Methods: In this study, environmental units of the region were initially formed based on important factors such as the extent and area needed for circulation activities, climate variables such as hot days, stormy and rainy days, as well as topographical variables such as slope, elevation. And geographical directions, first the physical carrier capacity was calculated and then the actual board capacity was calculated. Results: The results showed that the physical board capacity for eligible zones is 1246792 persons and the actual board capacity for suitable zones is 1664 persons per day. Discussion and conclusion: The results obtained for the range of regionally susceptible regions of the grove yielded two types of range, namely physical and real for the development of tourism. Comparison of the calculated quantities shows that considering the ecological constraints in the bush area including altitude, soil depth, vegetation cover and determined parent rock strength, the physical board capacity in areas prone to tourism development is up to 80%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Evaluation of probability-statistical functions in order to fit canopy classes of trees in Chartagh forests
Mehrdad Mirzaei Ismaeil Moradi Emamgheysi Amir Eslam Bonyad Iraj Hassanzad NavroodiBackground and Objective: The distribution of canopy classes is the most important structural characteristics of Zagros forest stands. Determining the fitting pattern of canopy classes in Zagros forests shows that, the overall status of these forests from the destructio MoreBackground and Objective: The distribution of canopy classes is the most important structural characteristics of Zagros forest stands. Determining the fitting pattern of canopy classes in Zagros forests shows that, the overall status of these forests from the destruction process and ecological sequence points of view at different times. The aim of this research was to evaluate of probability-statistical functions in order to fit canopy classes of trees in Chartagh forests of Ardal city, Chaharmahal ve Bakhtiari, Iran.Material and Methodology: For this purpose, an area of 50 hectares in Ardal forests was selected (3157 trees) were fully callipered and statistically analyzed. Exponential, Gamma, Normal, Beta, Weibull and Log-normal probability distribution patterns were fitted to crown canopy classes. Characteristics of distribution patterns were estimated using maximum likelihood method. Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Anderson-Darling and Chi-square tests were used for comparing of actual probability and probability which derived from functions.Findings: The results of fitting tests showed that log-normal probability distribution was suitable for canopy classes modelling in Chartagh forests. Discussion and Conclusion: Log-normal probability distributions can be used for those who want to simulate changes of forests Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Investigation of soil chemical properties of Ramsar Bineshki forests in the altitude range of 400 to 1700 meters
ahmad barfi hamid payam Mir Mozafar Falah CHaiBackground and Objective: Awareness of the condition of soils in forest areas and the study of the effects of various activities on soil properties is very important and effective in forest management. Soil properties change under the influence of various environmental MoreBackground and Objective: Awareness of the condition of soils in forest areas and the study of the effects of various activities on soil properties is very important and effective in forest management. Soil properties change under the influence of various environmental factors such as altitude. The aim of this study was to investigate soil indices at altitudes of 400 to 1700 meters above sea level in a series of Benshaki forest area in Ramsar city in Mazandaran province. Material and Methodology: For sampling soil variables in each altitude floor, 3 sample plots of 400 square meters at intervals of 100 meters from each other were identified. Findings: Soil samples were taken from 0-10 and 10-30 cm depths. Soil properties measured include sand content, clay content, nitrogen content, potassium content, carbon and organic matter content and soil pH. Discussion and Conclusion: The result of this study showed that the effect of altitude on soil characteristics (percentage of sand, percentage of clay, percentage of nitrogen, potassium, percentage of carbon and organic matter and soil pH) is significant in different altitude classes (P ˂). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Assessment of Mercury Concentrations in Liver and Hair tissues of Golden Jackal (Canis aureus) in Central Mazandaran Province Coastline
Hassan Malvandi Abbas Esmaili-Saria Seyed Mahmoud GhasempouriaIntroduction: The goal of this study was determination of concentration of mercury in hairand liver tissues of the golden jackal (Canis aureus), and to determine the relation betweenthe mercury concentration in liver and hair and body weight and length, and sex. These d MoreIntroduction: The goal of this study was determination of concentration of mercury in hairand liver tissues of the golden jackal (Canis aureus), and to determine the relation betweenthe mercury concentration in liver and hair and body weight and length, and sex. These datawere then used to evaluate the suitability of using hair as a noninvasive technique for determiningbody burdens of mercury.Materials and Methods: Liver and hair samples from golden jackal were collected from Noorin the central coastline Mazandaran province. The samples of this study were taken fromroad-killed. The mercury was measured by the LECO AMA 254 Advanced Mercury Analyzer (USA)according to ASTM, standard No. D-6722.Result and Discussion: There wasn’t any significant difference neither between sexes nor in tissues.On the contrary, positive and significant differences (p>0.05) were found between mercury level inhair with weight and length of body. Mercury level was generally low; they do not reach levels thatare known to cause potential adverse effects in animals. It's probably to be a first study for goldenjackal for this purpose, and also this probe suggested easy and non-invasive sampling Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Investigating the effect of environmental variables on distribution of three woodpecker species (Black woodpecker, Great spotted woodpecker and Green woodpecker) in Shast Kolateh Forest, Gorgan
Soroor Karimi Hossein Varasteh Moradi Hamid Reza Rezaei Mojtaba GhadimBackground and Objective: Forests are considered as important sources of biodiversity around the world. Nowadays, forest ecosystems have the most important protective role. The forest ecosystems are the main habitat for many wildlife species that among them we can refer MoreBackground and Objective: Forests are considered as important sources of biodiversity around the world. Nowadays, forest ecosystems have the most important protective role. The forest ecosystems are the main habitat for many wildlife species that among them we can refer to the diverse species of the birds, including woodpeckers. Woodpeckers are considered as the indicator of the forest bird biodiversity. The elevation and forest structure are the most important environmental variables that affecting the woodpecker distribution. Method: In this study, three elevation classes were selected in the Shast Kolateh forest, namely 0-400 m containing parottia- carpinus- quercus forest type, 400-700 m including carpinus- parottia and parottia carpinus forest type, and 700-1000 m wherein beech trees were considered as the dominant species. The bird sampling was conducted using point count sampling procedure. The woodpecker species and the number of all observations in relation to each species in each of 103 sampling plots were recorded in summer and autumn. Findings: The results of CCA ordination graph for three different woodpecker species with environmental variables and elevation showed that the most abundance of Black and Green woodpecker was occurred in 700-1000 m and 400-700 m a.s.l, respectively. Furthermore, there was no significant relationship between the abundance of Great spotted woodpecker and elevation. Discussion and Conclusion: The results revealed that the Great spotted woodpecker and Green woodpecker are more flexible in habitat selection and Black woodpecker unlike to the other woodpecker species is a dependent species to the forest habitats with beech cover type and mature forest structure, so it is essential to control severe exploitation of such habitats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Application of Social Perception Variables in Urban Rivers Regeneration (Case Study: Shiraz Khoshk River)
Ali Asadpour Farhang Mozaffar Mohsen Faizi Mostafa BehzadfarBackground and Objective: By definition, the urban landscape is a natural structure in an urban setting and research in social perception about studying the intangible norms that the landscape, as a medium, represented and transmitted throough the society. In this sense MoreBackground and Objective: By definition, the urban landscape is a natural structure in an urban setting and research in social perception about studying the intangible norms that the landscape, as a medium, represented and transmitted throough the society. In this sense, in contrast to landscape restoration which has an ecological approach, social perception has fewer contributions to regeneration of urban streams. Shiraz Khoshk River is one of the natural and historical edges of city that has become a symbol of the city and one of its natural identities for lack of sufficient water, presence of physical interventions and valuable religious monuments in its path across the city. This paper aims to find out the social perceptions of Khoshk River in order to establish a practical framework for landscape regeneration of the urban streams. Hence, categorizing the citizens’ perceptions is inevitable and this could be defined as one of the research objectives. Method: This study relies on integrated strategies as a research method; we applied a complex description with a social survey within the case study using an exploratory content analysis approach. Besides, during assessing the social perception of residence, totally 32 person were chosen randomly through semi-structured interviews. Social perception variables obtained from literature review and categorized in two main groupes: landscape to society variables (six variables), and society to landscape variables (four variables). These variables were evaluated in a field survey (interviews and photography). Results: Results showed that the upper part of the river has higher potential for social perception than the middle and lower part. Furthermore, according to the survey, the social perception consists of some variables which could be categorized in three groups: “natural environment variables”, “functional and activity variables” and “emotional variables” appeared in the responses in priority order. Conclusion: In the social opinions, the noticeable elements of the river were in order of “natural elements”, “arterial and manmade elements” and at least “functional-activity elements”. It means that the relations between landscape and people are mostly a one-way direction than a two-way correlation. In another word, society to landscape variables is less considered than landscape to society variables. At the end, the principle of urban natural stream regeneration based on the case study and social perception of the landscape was modeled and proposed as “cultural, symbolic and identical strategies”, “recreational strategies” and “social and legal sensitivity strategies”. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Predict the Financial Limitations of Companies Accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange Using the Relief-Svm-Caiid methods
maryam salmanian hamid reza vakilifard mohsen hamidian fatemeh sarraf Roya darabiPredict the Financial Limitations of Companies Accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange Using the Relief-Svm-Caiid methodsAbstractDiscussion of financial constraints is one of the key issues facing all companies. Predicting financial constraints is an important phenomenon for MorePredict the Financial Limitations of Companies Accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange Using the Relief-Svm-Caiid methodsAbstractDiscussion of financial constraints is one of the key issues facing all companies. Predicting financial constraints is an important phenomenon for investors, creditors and other users of financial information. This research uses the information of 7 financial years during the period 2012-2017 and using financial information of 213 companies to study the factors affecting financial limitation and its prediction using artificial intelligence algorithm method (backup algorithm classification algorithm and the rule-oriented algorithm Chaid). In the first step, using the Relief Algorithm, among the initial research variables, five variables of the ratio of total operational assets to total assets, the ratio of total debt to the total assets, the kbitwin, the return on sales, and the ratio of institutional owners were selected as important variables in the company's financial constraint, respectively. The results also showed that the three-class support algorithm using selected financial data has the ability to predict future financial constraints with a power greater than 80% and more than the law-governed algorithm.Keywords: financial constraints, Machine learning method, financial variables and corporate governancejel: M41-B26-C63 Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Study on the effect of Currency rate of return at TEDPIX and TEPIX on Tehran stock exchange using by ARDL regression
saeed moshtagh Farhad Hosseinzadeh Lotfi Mohammad Esmayeel FadaeinejadThe effect of economical variables at invest market is the most important subject in finance theory. Tehran stock exchange is emerge from special place. efficiency and Capital market development are dependent to be active this Entity in the country.Two important functio MoreThe effect of economical variables at invest market is the most important subject in finance theory. Tehran stock exchange is emerge from special place. efficiency and Capital market development are dependent to be active this Entity in the country.Two important function of tehran stock exchange are gathering small saving and available liquidity in society and directing them to stock product process and services in the country. In this way identification effective factors at efficiency of securities return have significant effect in deeper analysis and taking more appropriate decision from investors. accordingly in this article we examined the effect of volatility currency rate of return as a macroeconomic variable at TEDPIX and TEPIX on Tehran stock exchange on between 1395-1398.In this article with the goal of identification the effect of volatility currency rate of return as a macroeconomic variable at TEDPIX and TEPIX on Tehran stock exchange, two principle theories test with Convergence relationship that as a result the Currency rate of return effect at TEDPIX and TEPIX on Tehran stock exchange with 4 days lag. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - The Investigating of effect of Psychological Variables on Investor Decision Making Using Canslim and Financial Analysis
shirvan barari Ghodratallah Talebnia Hamidreza Vakilifard Hossein IzadiThe main purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of psychological variables on investors’ decision-making in companies listed on the stock exchange. For this purpose, using Cochran formula and selected 193 shareholders of companies listed in Tehran Stoc MoreThe main purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of psychological variables on investors’ decision-making in companies listed on the stock exchange. For this purpose, using Cochran formula and selected 193 shareholders of companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during 1398. The purpose of the study is causality. The data collection tool was a questionnaire that a researcher-made questionnaire was used in this study. Its 36 questions assess 12 psychological variables (behavioral biases) and 10 questions analyze investor behavior (CANSLIM -Financial Analysis). The validity and reliability of the questionnaires were evaluated. Confirmatory factor analysis, construct validity and Cronbach's alpha coefficients confirmed the reliability of the variables. The results of structural equations showed that the trust, adaptability, representation, self-attribution, imaginability, latency and ambiguity, and eventivism had a significant effect on the investors using CANSLIM Analysis. Trust, reliance, adjustment, familiarity, imagination, ambiguity and eventivism have a significant impact on investors using financial analysis. Structural equation results also showed that 12 behavioral bias accounts for 75% of the variance in investor behavior of consumer analysis and 68% of the variance of investor behavior on financial analysis. As a result, it can be said that behavioral biases affect investor behavior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Investigating micro and macro factors affecting business risk in listed companies on the Tehran Stock Exchange
samira olfati fereidoon ohadi hashem Niko MaramNon-financial data may refer to variables that represent the dimensions of the company's management. Company size and industry are other non-financial dimensions used when assessing business risk. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to explain the effect of mic MoreNon-financial data may refer to variables that represent the dimensions of the company's management. Company size and industry are other non-financial dimensions used when assessing business risk. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to explain the effect of micro and macro factors (specific characteristics of the company, industry characteristics, corporate governance, ownership structure and macroeconomic variables) on business risk in listed companies on the Tehran Stock Exchange. In order to achieve this purpose, 1752 firm-year (146 companies for 12 years) observations collected from the annual financial reports of listed companies on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 2007 to 2018 have been tested.Findings show that firm size, firm liquidity, firm profitability, firm growth opportunity, firm size, number of firms in industry, board independence, existence of audit committee and management ownership have a negative effect on business risk. while debt ratio and the exchange rate have a positive and significant effect on business risk. The results also show that statistically, firm life, industry decentralization, board size, duality of CEO duties, board financial expertise, audit committee size, audit committee independence, audit committee financial expertise, ownership type, Institutional shareholder ownership, major shareholder ownership, government ownership, interest rates and oil price growth have no effect on business risk. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Impact of macroeconomic variables on unobserved systematic risk using Kalman filter
Majid Hatef Vahid Abbas Saleh ArdestaniThe main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of macroeconomic variables on unobserved systematic risk using the Kalman filter. Systematic risk indicates the degree of dependence between changes in share prices and changes in the market index. However, th MoreThe main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of macroeconomic variables on unobserved systematic risk using the Kalman filter. Systematic risk indicates the degree of dependence between changes in share prices and changes in the market index. However, the amount of systematic risk can be very different from the expected amount, due to the confusion in stock price changes, resulting from emotional transactions, overreactions and price manipulation. Therefore, it is necessary to control the effects of these disturbances in measuring systematic risk. The method of the present study is descriptive-correlational which was performed using statistical methods to examine the relationships between variables based on Ives software. To analyze the data in this study, it is suggested to use Kalman filter. Also, filtered and turbulent values have been used under the heading of unobserved systematic risk. According to the obtained result, it can be said that all variables have a significant relationship with the systematic risk not observed in the model. Then, using data analysis, the hypotheses were examined. The results obtained in relation to statistics and a significant level show the confirmation of all hypotheses in terms of the impact of economic variables on the components of inflation, economic growth, exchange rate, stock market index and volume. Money showed unprecedented systematic risk. Also, the effect of different variables and finally the estimation of coefficients showed that the highest coefficient among the variables is related to inflation index and stock market. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Presenting a pattern for differentiating winner and loser companies using financial and non-financial variable in Tehran Stock Exchange
Mehran MatinfardThe main purpose of this study is to analyze the strategy of synthesizing the fundamental financial and non-financial variables in order to present a pattern for ranking companies in Tehran Stock Exchange , and eventually classifying them as winner and loser. To MoreThe main purpose of this study is to analyze the strategy of synthesizing the fundamental financial and non-financial variables in order to present a pattern for ranking companies in Tehran Stock Exchange , and eventually classifying them as winner and loser. To confirm the offered ranking and to demonstrate how the companies were differentiated, the researcher tries to determine whether there are any significant differences in the studies financial and non-financial variables between the winner and loser companies. The hypotheses offered are based on two main axes. First, the variables under study for the winner companies are much stronger than those of the loser companies. Second, winner companies enjoy a higher actual return average of 16.3 percent. Besides, their actual return is 17.4 percent higher than that of the market. This research study was conducted in a five-year period, from 1382 through 1386, using the method of average comparison and ranking comparison of a variable in two independent societies (t-Student and U—Mann Whitney tests). The findings of the study revealed that winner companies possess a more favorable cash status, financial leverage, profitability, and non-financial indexes (indicators). Moreover, it was concluded that activity and market’s value indexes (indicators) were not significantly different between the two groups of companies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - The relationships between market beta with macroeconomic variables and accounting information
Ali Rahmani Kambiz Peikarjoo Mansoureh AziziAn empirical analysis is carried out establishing the existent relationship among the stock market (Beta) and (a) macroeconomic and (b) accounting informations. Regression analysis, using static and dynamic panel data estimations, is applied to a sample of 61 listed Ira MoreAn empirical analysis is carried out establishing the existent relationship among the stock market (Beta) and (a) macroeconomic and (b) accounting informations. Regression analysis, using static and dynamic panel data estimations, is applied to a sample of 61 listed Iranian firms, between 2001and 2010. Systematic risk is estimated through OLS, EGARCH and M-GARCH models and use TEDPIX index (Tehran Stock Exchange Dividend & Price "total return" Index) as market portfolio. The results show a connection between the systematic risk and the independent variables. The best models are found when we estimate the systematic risk using EGARCH model and applying a combination of macroeconomic and accounting variables. The most important variables explaining the systematic risk are Size (SZ), Growth Rate (GR) and Debt Ratio (DR) from accounting variables and Gross Domestic Product (GDPI),inflation (Change in CPI index), Legal interest rate (LINT), Oil price (Oilprice) and Exchange rate (EXCR). The results vary using different models and might be different if we use a different sample. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Evaluation of long term relations between Tehran Stock Exchange index and macroeconomic variables
Majid AbdiStock Exchange as the most important element of the capital market, is affected by economic conditions. Returns and Exchange price of the exchange, is the result of the economic situation and macroeconomic variables. Also, index of Stock Exchange, which reflects the gen MoreStock Exchange as the most important element of the capital market, is affected by economic conditions. Returns and Exchange price of the exchange, is the result of the economic situation and macroeconomic variables. Also, index of Stock Exchange, which reflects the general state of market, always, has been affected by macroeconomic variables. The main objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between the index of Stock Exchange and macroeconomic variables. For this purpose, quarterly data related to the index and macroeconomic variables during years 1992-2012 as a time sequence are used. Method used in this research is Autoregressive model. Distributed Lag (ARDL) is. Phillips - Perron test showed that, all variables in the lower bound has a unit root with Distributed Lag, but at the upper bound they are static. The results of Granger causality error correction model, represents a long term equilibrium relation and cointegration between the index and variables of consumer index, money supply, exchange rates, GDP, liquidity, governmental payments, coin price and manufacturer index prices. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Expression and design a model to forecast the exchange rate shocks and stress testing of the currency in Iran
Abdollah Rajabi Khanghah Hashem Nikomaram Mehdi Taghavi Fereydoon Rahnamay Roodposhti Mirfiyaz Fallah ShamsThis paper attempts to Expression and design a model to forecast the exchange rate shocks and stress testing of the currency in Iran . In other words, what factors influence the currency shock and is there the shock predictability in the currency marke MoreThis paper attempts to Expression and design a model to forecast the exchange rate shocks and stress testing of the currency in Iran . In other words, what factors influence the currency shock and is there the shock predictability in the currency market. On the other hand, are there in critical condition (shock) the ability to predict currency risk through stress tests? The research method is descriptive-analytic and data collection library using econometric regression model using econometric software Eviews is carried out. The research is method in this study (time series modeling) . The results suggest that based on estimations made clear that the exchange rate shock predictable feature of the model is capable MGARCH. . In other words, using multivariate GARCH model and Conditional value at risk predictability of the exchange rate shock and influence the variable of Macroeconomic variables has been clarified. Finally, using the Back Testing the validity and effectiveness model was estimated and validation tests with stress tests to estimate the shock has been in critical condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - رهیافتی جدید برای حل مسئله برنامهریزی خطی دو ترازه تماما فازی
S. F. Tayebnasab F. Hamidi M. Allahdadiدر این مقاله، یک نوع از مسئله برنامهریزی خطی دو ترازه تماما فازی را که در آن تمام ضرایب و متغیرهای تصمیمگیری در هر دو تابع هدف و قید ها به عنوان اعداد فازی مثلثی بیان شدهاند در نظر می­گیریم. به منظور بدست آوردن جواب بهینه­ی فازی، رهیافت کارامد جدیدی بر Moreدر این مقاله، یک نوع از مسئله برنامهریزی خطی دو ترازه تماما فازی را که در آن تمام ضرایب و متغیرهای تصمیمگیری در هر دو تابع هدف و قید ها به عنوان اعداد فازی مثلثی بیان شدهاند در نظر می­گیریم. به منظور بدست آوردن جواب بهینه­ی فازی، رهیافت کارامد جدیدی برای مسئله­ی برنامه ریزی خطی دوترازه­ی تماما فازی با پارامترها و متغیرهای فازی ارایه شده است. این رهیافت بر اساس برنامه ریزی دوترازه­ی قطعی میباشد. در نهایت، مثالهای عددی برای نشان دادن قابلیت پیادهسازی روشهای مورد نظر ارائه گردیده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Foreign Policy of Russia vis-à-vis the Islamic Republic of Iran (with an Emphasis on Iran Nuclear Program)
مجتبی محمدی نودهکی محمدرضا اصغری مهدی جاودانی مقدمIran and Russia has gone ups and downs of relations for centuries. The most important relations have been built during Tsarist, ex-communist and neo-Russian governments after 1991. Prior to disintegration of ex-Soviet, Russian policy before Iran had been negative and al MoreIran and Russia has gone ups and downs of relations for centuries. The most important relations have been built during Tsarist, ex-communist and neo-Russian governments after 1991. Prior to disintegration of ex-Soviet, Russian policy before Iran had been negative and always with politico-military interventions, but after disintegration of Soviet Union and during Putin’s presidency, it has maintained a divergently cooperative policy. In these years, Russian policy enjoyed focal points in different areas. Russia’s paradoxical policy has revealed itself particularly about Iran nuclear program. Although Russia was the only country that continued nuclear cooperation with Iran after the western nations resigned to keep on cooperating with Iran, it has, since Iran nuclear crisis began, tried to maintain its relations with Iran and the west and make benefits from such hubbub. Paradoxical policies of Russia affected by internal-external variables led us to trying to explore the reasons behind the paradoxical behavior of Russia to keep a more understandable concept of such policies because miscalculations trigger unfavorable outcomes when further predictable optimism and reliance towards Russia and its real capacities of foreign policy are given consideration. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - The Role of effective Factors on Suicidal Tendency in Female high school students
hosseinali mehrabi homa sheikhdaraniThe goal of this research was to study the relationship to between suicidal tendency with demographic variables , life satisfaction , history of annoying events and druy dependency m family factors relation with opposite sex and participation in social activity. In a MoreThe goal of this research was to study the relationship to between suicidal tendency with demographic variables , life satisfaction , history of annoying events and druy dependency m family factors relation with opposite sex and participation in social activity. In a correlation design, 415 female high school students of Shahin Shahr with classified random method were selected and assessed with SWLS (Deinner, 1985), scale of “Suicidal Tendency” MACI-IR (Mehrabi, 2010/1389s.c.) and demographic and family questionnaires. Results of Pearson correlation showed that almostal of these variables have significant relation with suicidal tendency(p < 0.05), but results of stepwise regression analysis showed that life satisfaction, severity of annoying events, family history of suicide, having a boyfriend, mothers education and mental health can predict 42.2% of suicidal tendency in the female adolescents (p < 0.05). The findings emphasized the role of traumatic events, family history for suicide, mothers education, fathers psychiatric illness, and relation with a boy friend on suicidal tendency., family factors and having boyfriends on suicidal tendency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - The Determining of Proportion Personal and Punishment Variables in Explaining Offender's Criminal Thinking
Malek Mirhashemi Heidarali Zaree Mehdi NazariolomThe main objective this research was to predicting criminal thinking upon personal and punishment variables in offenders. The research method was correlation research. The population consisted of all offenders in prisons of Great Tehran. The sample group (N=326) were ch MoreThe main objective this research was to predicting criminal thinking upon personal and punishment variables in offenders. The research method was correlation research. The population consisted of all offenders in prisons of Great Tehran. The sample group (N=326) were chosen via one stage stratified randomly sampling method from prisons of Tehran's Great Prison. The research instrument was Criminal Thinking Styles Scale (Knight et al., 2006).The results of multiple regression analysis indicated that personal (age and birthorder) and punishment (imprisonment duration) variables have significant effect on criminal thinking(p<0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Requesting in an EFL Institutional Context: Comparing and Contrasting WDCT, ODCT, and Role-Play with Natural Method
Rasoul Mohammad Hosseinpur Reza Bagheri Nevisi Abdolreza Lowni -
Open Access Article
53 - Perfectionism and Professional Development: Cross-Examining Experienced and Novice EFL Practitioners
Hamid Marashi Paniz Emrani -
Open Access Article
54 - Modelling the relationship between primary teachers’ cognitive characteristics and information and communicication technologies (ICT’S) in teaching-learning process
Ebrahim Mardani Aliakbar Aminbeidokhti Alimohammad RezaeiThe main purpose of the present study was to determine the structural relationships between a number of primary teachers’ cognitive variables and ICT integration in teaching–learning process. These variables comprise “teachers’ constructivist tea MoreThe main purpose of the present study was to determine the structural relationships between a number of primary teachers’ cognitive variables and ICT integration in teaching–learning process. These variables comprise “teachers’ constructivist teaching beliefs”, “teachers’ technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge (TPACK)”, and “teachers’ attitudes towards ICT use in education”. The population in this study included all primary teachers in Abadan city (N=784). Using a simple random sampling technique 220 teachers were selected as research sample. A survey instrument, comprised of 4 scales related to four constructs of the study (TPACK scale 17 items, constructivist teaching beliefs 9 items, ICT attitude 8 items, and ICT use scale 9 items) was used to collect data for analysis. The data analyses used correlational analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine the research hypotheses and hypothesized model. Path modeling was also used to explore the direct and indirect effects of the teacher’s cognitive variables on ICT integration in teaching- learning process. Results showed that ICT integration positively and significantly correlates with teacher’s cognitive variables. The results of a path analysis model showed that ICT integration could be directly and indirectly predicted by teacher’s cognitive variables (constructivist teaching beliefs, ICT attitudes in education, technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge).It was also revealed that attitude toward ICT use in education is the most powerful predictor of ICT integration in teaching–learning process. Additionally, the proposed model had an adequate fit to observed relationships between teacher’s cognitive variables and ICT use in teaching–learning process. The research model can serve as a base model for future studies. Finally, Implications for educational administrators, policy makers and further research were discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - The effect of climate change on Maharlo lake level change using satellite image processing
Masoud Samiei Reza Ghazavi Mojtaba Pakparvar Abas Ali ValiStudy of the long term dynamic of the lake is crucial to evaluate regional water resources management and environmental changes. The main aim of this study was to evaluate and mapping the impact of climate change in the dynamic of the lake Maharlo located in the boundar MoreStudy of the long term dynamic of the lake is crucial to evaluate regional water resources management and environmental changes. The main aim of this study was to evaluate and mapping the impact of climate change in the dynamic of the lake Maharlo located in the boundary of Shiraz city. Landsat satellite images during the past 18 years (1997-2016) in mid-spring were used to determine dynamic changes of the study lake (After geometric, radiometric and Atmospheric correction of satellite images, the annual lake level was extracted using a thresholding method on the band 5 and NDWI index. The results show that, a general reduction trend was observed in the lake area. Most of the changes were occurring in the eastern part. The correlation between water level changes of the lake with some of the climatic parameter changes (evaporation January to May, annual rainfall, average temperature January to May, the average maximum temperature January to May) was also investigated). According to Pearson correlation coefficient between the lake level and evaporation of the months of January to May, annual rainfall, the average temperature of January to May, maximum temperature of the months of January to May were -0.44, 0.77, -0.28, -0.52, respectively. A significant trend was observed between rainfall change (decrease and increase) and lake level. Minimum annual rainfalls were 147 and 192 mm in the years of 2007-2008 and 2008-2009, respectively, which minimum lake level was observed in the same years (14146 and 15095 hectares). The maximum rainfall was occurred in 2004-2005 (745 mm) when the maximum water surface was measured in the lake (25806 ha). According to the results, 58% of the variability of the lake could relate to rainfall change. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Identifying Origins of Atmospheric Aerosols using Remote Sensing and Data Mining (Case study: Yazd province)
Mohamad Kazemi Ali Reza Nafarzadegan Fariborz Mohammadi Ali Rezaei LatifiBackground and ObjectiveThe Middle East is one of the most important regions in the world for dust production. Iran, located in the Middle East, is exposed to numerous local and trans-regional dust systems due to its location in the arid and semi-arid regions of the wor MoreBackground and ObjectiveThe Middle East is one of the most important regions in the world for dust production. Iran, located in the Middle East, is exposed to numerous local and trans-regional dust systems due to its location in the arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Dust storms, in addition to covering arable land and plants with wind-blown materials, destroy fertile lands and reduce biological production and biodiversity, and severely affect the survival of residents. Dust storms are involved in the transmission of dangerous pathogens to humans, air pollution, and damage to respiratory function. Dust storms in Yazd province are relatively common and the average number of days with dust storms in the province reaches 43 days a year. This phenomenon has caused many problems for the people of the province. The main indicators of air quality are the concentration of suspended particles and the aerosol optical depth (AOD) following the occurrence of dust events. Numerous studies have been conducted in the world to identify the centers of dust collection and their origin. However, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, there is no study on the spatial zoning of dust conditions using three algorithms of CART, MARS and TreeNet algorithms as the predictive models. The purpose of this study is to forecast and zoning the potential of different areas for the production of dust aerosols using remote sensing data and data mining models as well as to specify the most important variables on this phenomenon in Yazd province. Materials and Methods The Yazd province lies in a dry region of Central Iran. The province experienced average annual rainfall of about 57 mm and an average annual temperature of about 20 ºC. The maximum temperature experienced in the warmest month of the province is close to 46 ºC. The maximum wind speed in this province is up to 120 kilometres per hour. The Google Earth Engine (GEE) interface (Javascript editor) was applied to collect remote sensing data in order to form three data sets that contain features related to topography, climate, and land surface conditions. These features were employed as the independent variables of the models, which is built by taking advantage of three data mining algorithms, classification and regression tree (CART), multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), and TreeNet, to specify the potential of areas for dust production. The dependent variable (target variable) of the models was the aerosol optical depth (AOD), which was acquired from MOD04 AOD retrievals from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard NASA's Terra satellite. The outcomes of the three models for classifying areas with different dust potentials were evaluated under performance criteria, such as R-squared, mean absolute deviation (MAD), the mean square error (MSE), the mean relative absolute deviation (MRAD), and the root means square error (RMSE). Results and Discussion The results showed the variables mostly affecting the dependent variable (AOD) in the MARS model were actual evapotranspiration, soil moisture, and the Palmer drought severity index. The values of R2 and RMSE in the MARS model were equal to 0.72 and 0.02, respectively. Similarly, the features with the highest relative importance according to the TreeNet model were soil moisture, Palmer drought severity index, and actual evapotranspiration. The values of R2 and RMSE in the TreeNet model were equal to 0.75 and 0.019, respectively. The results revealed that the CART model with R2 =0.85, MAD = 0.011, MSE =0.002, MRAD =0.262, and RMSE =0.014 had the best performance compared with the other two data mining models. The soil moisture, elevation, reference and actual evapotranspiration, minimum and maximum temperature, Palmer drought severity index, downward shortwave solar radiation, and wind speed were the most important variables in forecasting the potential of areas for dust production, respectively. Also, the areas with very high, high, moderate, low and very low susceptibility were occupied about 16%, 19%, 26%, 20% and 20% of the Yazd province, respectively. Conclusion All three models, which were based on three data mining algorithms, CART, MARS, and TreeNet, had a good agreement in specifying the most important variables affecting the optical depth of the dust aerosols in the study area. However, these models indicated different priority order for the identified variables in terms of relative importance; Besides, there was a difference in their performance criteria. As mentioned above, the CART model was the best-performing model, of the current study, for specifying the potential of areas for the generation of dust aerosols. According to this model, 25.8% of the province was classified as the moderate-risk of aerosol production, 18.6% of the province as the high-risk of aerosol production, and 16.0% of the study region as the very high-risk of dust aerosols. The high-risk areas are mostly spread in the western and southwestern regions of the Yazd province. Palmer United States golfer (born in 1929) More (Definitions, Synonyms, Translation). http://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.26767082.1400.12.1.4.5 Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - A Chance-Constrained DEA Model with Random Input and Output Data:Considering Maintenance Groups of Iranian Aluminum Company
Mohammad Izadikhah Mohammad Ehsanifar Saman Malekian -
Open Access Article
58 - Examining the role of individual variables in the relationship between social capital and environmental behaviors of citizens of Jam city
Mohammad javad Yamini Golamreza JafariniaExamining the role of individual variables in the relationship between social capital and environmental behaviors of citizens of Jam city Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of indivi MoreExamining the role of individual variables in the relationship between social capital and environmental behaviors of citizens of Jam city Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of individual variables in the relationship between social capital and environmental behaviors of citizens of Jam city. This research is descriptive and correlational in terms of applied purpose and in terms of data collection. The statistical population included all citizens over 18 years of age in Jam city. The sample size was 397 people randomly selected based on Morgan table. The tools used in this research are standard environmental behavior questionnaires (Zare Shahabadi and colleagues, 2017), social capital (Gorji Karsami, 2016). Smart PLS 2 statistical software was used to analyze the data. The results showed that in the relationship between the dimensions of social capital and environmental behaviors of citizens, individual variables have a moderating role. Also, the results showed that the relationship between the dimensions of social capital, ie social interaction, social trust, social participation and environmental behaviors. Environmental, positive and meaningful.Extended AbstractIntroduction: In today's advanced society, organizations need compassionate and responsible forces in order to improve their level and achieve their goals, which sometimes go beyond the goals and aspirations of the organization and behave beyond their duties. Voluntary, and beneficial efforts today are referred to as citizen-centered behaviors or environmental behaviors. The relationship between the environment and social capital is one of the new topics that has been considered by environmental researchers. Environmental protection is an essential issue for sustainable development, and its enforcement power is largely due to individual environmental protection behavior (Fangshe, 2021:1). Researchers believe that the levels of social capital have a significant effect on environmental behaviors and environmental protection, and environmental behaviors of individuals and their desire to preserve the environment depend on personality, status and social capacities in society (Azadkhani et al, 2020:1). Jam city with a rich historical and cultural background and people of different Iranian ethnicities, is located in the south of Bushehr province and due to its environmental characteristics and natural attractions can be an important tourism hub in the region with scientific management and planning.This city differs from other cities in the province in terms of climate due to its mountainous nature, distance from the sea and suitable altitude, and unlike other cities, it has a milder climate. Unfortunately, Jam city today has problems such as air pollution (caused by Fajr ­jam Gas Refining Company, Nar and Kangan­ operations area, gas pressure boosting station, Ghadir repair yard, crushers and asphalt factory), river floods, floods and so on. Such dumping of waste has occurred in villages and natural areas and has found a vulnerable structure. Given the above, the importance of research in this area seems necessary. This study seeks to determine whether individual variables in the relationship between social capital and environmental behaviors of citizens of Jam city play a moderating role? Methodology: This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive and correlational in terms of data collection. In order to collect research data, a questionnaire was also used. The questions of the questionnaire were of the five-choice Likert scale (very little to very much) and were distributed to the respondents in person. The statistical population consists of people over 18 years old living in Jam city, according to Morgan's table, the sample number was 397 people. Questionnaires will be distributed randomly among citizens over 18 years of age. The tools used in this research are standard environmental behavior questionnaires (Zare Shahabadi and colleagues, 2017), social capital (Gorji Karsami, 2016). Due to the standardization of the questionnaires, its validity and reliability were examined using factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha, and all of them were confirmed. In this research, the individual variables of gender, occupation and level of education were considered.Results and discussion: After implementing the PLS algorithm, each path coefficient in the PLS structural model can be considered equivalent to a standardized beta coefficient in regression or correlation coefficient of two structures. Structural paths whose sign agrees with the algebraic sign of the previous hypotheses provide empirical validity to theoretical assumptions about the relationships between latent variables. Positive path coefficients indicate positive effects and negative path coefficients indicate negative effects. Coefficients should be greater than 0.6 and values less than 0.4 should be considered inappropriate and should be removed from the set of indicators. Also, the significance of path coefficients is determined by statistical t. In this way, the values must be out of range (1.96, -0.96). The results are shown in Figures 3, 2 and 4. The results of the analysis for the moderating role of this hypothesis show a path coefficient of 0.163 and a statistical t of 2.938 (greater than 1.96) and an effect intensity of 0.05, therefore It can be said with 95% confidence that individual variables play a moderating role in the relationship between social capital and environmental behaviors of the citizens of Jam city. Considering the path coefficient of 0.408 and statistical t shows 34,000 (more than 1.96), so with 0.95 confidence we can say that there is a significant relationship between social interaction and environmental behaviors of citizens of Jam city and This type of relationship is direct and positive. According to the path coefficient of 0.405 and statistical t shows 32.717 (more than 1.96), so with 0.95 confidence we can say that there is a significant relationship between social trust and environmental behaviors of citizens of Jam city and the type This is a direct and positive relationship. According to the path coefficient of 0.288 and statistical t shows 20.861 (more than 1.96), so with 0.95 confidence we can say that there is a significant relationship between social participation and environmental behaviors of citizens of Jam city. And the type of this relationship is direct and positive.Conclusion: As the results of the study showed and confirmed, individual variables such as gender, education and occupation have a moderating role in the relationship between social capital and environmental behaviors, that is, they strengthen or reduce it. Social participation is an important issue that is being addressed these days. Therefore, the higher the social participation of individuals, the greater the impact on their environmental behaviors. In other words, there is a direct relationship between social participation and environmental behaviors. The higher the social participation of individuals, the higher their environmental behaviors will be. Social participation is a very important dimension of social capital that is created or strengthened by social trust and social interactions. The results obtained for this hypothesis are in line with the results of Van and Doo (2022), Feng Shu et al. (2021), Ongelinas & Jones (2019), Azad­khani et al. (1399), Gholami et al. (1399). By considering individual variables and paying more attention to them, city managers can take action to protect the environment and also create and promote positive environmental behaviors among citizens. By creating more trust between themselves and the people, as well as involving people in social activities, city and country managers can provide the ground for the participation of as many people in the community as possible. It is suggested that a study be conducted on the subject of environmental activities among different strata and classes of society and the effects they can have on other people in society. Also identify educational programs for environmental education of future generations and children and adolescents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Stock price analysis using machine learning method(Non-sensory-parametric backup regression algorithm in linear and nonlinear mode)
Aliasgar Davoodi Kasbi Iman Dadashi Kaveh Azinfar -
Open Access Article
60 - The Effect of Macroeconomic Variables on Stock Portfolio Performance Based on Traditional and Modern Network
Yadegar Mohammadi Asfandiar Mohammadi Gharibeh Esmaili kia -
Open Access Article
61 - Selecting The Optimal Multi-Period Stock Portfolio with Different Time Horizons in the Credibility Theory Framework
Younes Nozarpour Sayyed Mohammad Reza Davoodi Mahdi Fadaee -
Open Access Article
62 - Investigating the Effect of Investors' Behavior and Management on the Stock Returns: Evidence from Iran
Hossein Jokar Kazem Shamsaddini Vahid Daneshi -
Open Access Article
63 - Organizational Culture Model Based on Normative and Individual Variables in Education Staff Managers of Tehran province
Mohammad Bermeh MohammadNaghi Imani Saeid Alizadeh Babak Nasiri Reza Sourani -
Open Access Article
64 - Studying and Analyzing Influential Demographic Variables on Support Ratio in Iranian Social Security Pension Fund Using System Dynamics
zahra karimian sichani mohammad hassan cheraghali ali dehghaniEvaluation and reform of pension systems are among the complex issues that due to the multiplicity of variables affecting each other and significant changes in the variables in the long term horizons, they can not be easily studied and analyzed. The purpose of this arti MoreEvaluation and reform of pension systems are among the complex issues that due to the multiplicity of variables affecting each other and significant changes in the variables in the long term horizons, they can not be easily studied and analyzed. The purpose of this article is to study and analyze demographic variables on the support ratio(Ratio of insured to pensioners ) in Iran’s Social Security Pension Fund. This shows to some extent the ratio of input to output of the fund, and based on it, the pressure on the fund can be estimated according to the amount of current insurance premiums and pension amounts. In this article, using information and statistics of mentioned fund and Iran Statistics Center in the years from 2016 to 2018, a model based on system dynamics was designed and By testing the model under certain conditions, reproducing past behavior and examining different policies, the model was validated. By 2033, the country's elderly population will double, while the working age population will grow by nearly 12 percent. These changes will affect the demographic structure, Also, according to the forecast, if the current conditions are maintained, the support ratio of the Social Security Fund will reach 2.19 by 2033. Informal (non-salaried) job participation, unemployed youth employment, women's economic participation and fertility rate are the most important influential population variables that can increase the support ratio to 3, 1/2, 1/4 0/5 units respectively ،if appropriate policies and planning are implemented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Lean- Agility Administrative Mechanism of the Interaction of Factors in Fuzzy Cognitive Map (Case Study: Tehran Abfa)
Hamideh Kalantari Taher kalantariThe purpose of this study is Lean- agile administrative mechanisms of Tehran Water and Wastewater Company and the interaction of factors based on the fuzzy cognitive map of Lean- agility in the model. This is a phased approach to Lean-Agile provides the administrative m MoreThe purpose of this study is Lean- agile administrative mechanisms of Tehran Water and Wastewater Company and the interaction of factors based on the fuzzy cognitive map of Lean- agility in the model. This is a phased approach to Lean-Agile provides the administrative mechanisms. Empirical research from the case study method is used. Data collection instrument was a questionnaire that utilizes water and sewage in terms of professors and experts in Tehran that were collected and then distributed. Data analysis using the SPSS software and more work was done using MATLAB software. Results from this study is extracted, grouped Lean- agile factors administrative mechanisms of the above factors with the power of relational dynamic variables and factors related to the low-power static variable, based on the degree of interaction between them. This grouping variable which was corporate executives in decision-making water and sewage Tehran can Lean- agile to focus on building administrative mechanisms are vital, but can also be used in similar companies. The group also is making plans to develop lean - agile, highly efficient and effective administrative mechanisms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - A Framework for Dynamic MCDM in Fuzzy Environment (Case Study: Emergency Department and Triage Patients)
alireza alinezhadThe classic multiple-criteria decision making (MCDM) model assumes that, when taking a decision, the decision maker has defined a fixed set of criteria and is presented with a clear picture of all available alternatives. The task then reduces to computing the score of e MoreThe classic multiple-criteria decision making (MCDM) model assumes that, when taking a decision, the decision maker has defined a fixed set of criteria and is presented with a clear picture of all available alternatives. The task then reduces to computing the score of each alternative, thus producing a ranking, and choosing the one that maximizes this value. However, most real-world decisions take place in a dynamic environment, where the final decision is only taken at the end of some exploratory process. Dynamic decisions arise in many applications including military, medical, management, sports and emergency situations. This study proposes a flexible framework for dynamic MCDM, based on the concept of fuzzy sets theory and the VIKOR method to provide a rational, scientific and systematic process for prioritizing patients in Emergency Department (ED) under a fuzzy environment where the uncertainty, subjectivity, and vagueness are addressed with linguistic variables parameterized by triangular fuzzy numbers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Relationship between psychological variables and psychological symptoms with Internet addiction (a review study)
Faezeh khanlari Hadi FarhadiAbstractThis research aimed to determine the relationship between psychological variables and psychological symptoms with Internet addiction.Reputable English scientific databases were used, including Google scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, Pubmed, Springer link, Lieber MoreAbstractThis research aimed to determine the relationship between psychological variables and psychological symptoms with Internet addiction.Reputable English scientific databases were used, including Google scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, Pubmed, Springer link, Liebertpub, and Researchgate. Also, valid Persian databases were used to find relevant Iranian papers, including Migiran, Irandak, Civilica, and the Comprehensive portal of humanities. Reputable English scientific databases were used, including Google scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, Pubmed, Springer link, Liebertpub, and Researchgate. Also, valid Persian databases were used to find relevant Iranian papers, including Migiran, Irandak, Civilica, and the Comprehensive portal of humanities. The study's results showed that, in general, previous researchers had found a significant relationship between the psychological symptoms defined in the current research and Internet addiction. The researchers also found some conflicting data discussed in the present study. As a therapeutic and educational guideline, this research showed how traumatic psychological components play a role in Internet addiction from the psychological, personality, emotional and educational aspects. Also, the current research clarifies the necessity of screening children and adolescents with the mentioned characteristics to provide specialized psychological services and empower them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Effects of contextual variables affecting change on resistance to change through variables of openness to change and readiness for change
Abbas Ghaedamini Harouni reza Ebrahimzadeh Dastjerdi Marzieh Yousefi Mehrdad Sadeghi de cheshmehThe aim of this study was to determine the effects of contextual variables affecting change on resistance to change through the variables of openness to change and readiness for change. The research method was descriptive-correlation based on structural equation modelin MoreThe aim of this study was to determine the effects of contextual variables affecting change on resistance to change through the variables of openness to change and readiness for change. The research method was descriptive-correlation based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this study is all 26 universities in Isfahan province with 1872 staff members, of which the number is limited by using the population sampling formula and by stratified sampling method with a volume of 812 people. The title of statistical sample was selected. In order to collect research data, the researcher uses questionnaires of contextual variables affecting change, Wenberg and Banas (2002), Readiness for Change Questionnaire, Holt Arminakis et al. (2007), Openness Questionnaire for Change, Miller et al. (2009), Questionnaire Resistance to change, Dunham (1989) was used. In order to evaluate the reliability of the research instrument, Cronbach's alpha was used. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the questionnaires of contextual variables affecting change (0.957), openness to change (0.841), readiness for change (0.908), resistance It was estimated against change (0.869). The results showed that among the contextual variables, the variables of information for change, participation for change and personal impact with coefficients of -0.05, -0.06 and -0.02 directly have a significant direct positive effect. It does not affect resistance to change, but the variables of self-efficacy and managerial support with impact coefficients of -0.1 and -0.13 have a direct impact on resistance to change. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - The study of factors affecting the level of fear of crime in residential neighborhoods, a study on scarcity trap theory (Case study: Ahwaz city)
Rostam SaberifarThis study seeks to determine which factors exacerbate the fear of crime and what components can limit or completely neglect this problem. This is a survey method that compares crime fears and their individual and neighborhood factors among Ahwaz neighborhoods. The data MoreThis study seeks to determine which factors exacerbate the fear of crime and what components can limit or completely neglect this problem. This is a survey method that compares crime fears and their individual and neighborhood factors among Ahwaz neighborhoods. The data were collected from a sample of 4 residents of different areas of Ahwaz city using a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity and reliability were confirmed. The data were analyzed using SPSS software. The results showed that despite the different effects of the studied variables among different neighborhoods, among individual variables, gender had a significant relationship with fear of crime and women reported more fear of crime than men, And this was also the case for non-Arab ethnicity living in these areas. Other individual variables (age, education, income, and home ownership) had no significant relationship with fear of crime. On the other hand, neighborhood-related variables, including inattention, neighborhood attachment, neighborhood quality, and neighborhood crime perception were significantly associated with crime fear. In the multivariate regression, only the inferior variable entered the model and was able to explain 21% of the dependent variable changes. As in the findings of this study, witnessing vulgarism is one of the important factors in fear of crime. Thus, it seems that the satisfaction of the neighborhood decreases the fear of crime. Among the neighborhood related variables, neighborhood characteristics, sense of belonging to it, the view of people toward Police, and understanding of crime and vulgarism were reported to be meaningfully related to the fear of crime at all and worriment of crime against belongings and persons (not the sense of security). The point of view toward neighborhood and ownership of the home, did not show to have meaningful relationship with the fear of crime. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Variable effecting ethical performance of managers and heads of accounting for innovation in Tehran Stock Exchange
saeed safania ُSina Kheradyar keyhan azadi ali delavarAbstract:Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of variables affecting the ethical performance of financial managers and heads of accounting for innovation in the Tehran Stock Exchange.Method: The research population consisted of two parts: qualita MoreAbstract:Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of variables affecting the ethical performance of financial managers and heads of accounting for innovation in the Tehran Stock Exchange.Method: The research population consisted of two parts: qualitative and quantitative; In the qualitative section, a number of professors and financial managers and heads of accounting with more than 20 years of experience and in the quantitative section, 500 managers and heads of accounting were randomly selected from companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The research instruments included a researcher-made questionnaire of managers' performance and James Rast (1979) Ethical Judgment Questionnaire.Results: The results of correlation test showed that there is no significant relationship between managers' age and their work experience with moral performance and it is for both variables (p> 0.05). In order to predict the performance, the results of the drawn model indicated the adequacy of the model and also the standard coefficient of prediction equal to 0.34 and the value of t-statistic equal to 4.57 indicate that this coefficient of prediction was significant and the principles were observed Ethics will have a significant impact on the ethical performance of managers.Conclusion: Observance of ethical principles alone predicts about 11% of change in managers' performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - The Meta-Analysis of Variables Associated with Creativity
Kamran Ganji Saeideh Taghavi fataneh AzimiAim: The aim of this research was to study the variables associated with creativity in Iran. Method: The research method chosen was meta-analysis in which all research reports were collected by using internal and external information data bank. Some twelve studies from MoreAim: The aim of this research was to study the variables associated with creativity in Iran. Method: The research method chosen was meta-analysis in which all research reports were collected by using internal and external information data bank. Some twelve studies from throughout of Iran (2004-2013) involving some 3015 participants were used in this meta-analysis. Data were analyzed using Pearson coefficient effect size method for fixed effect model. All statistical operations accomplished by Comprehensive Meta-Analysis, Version 2.0. Results: results showed that the mean of mixed- model of effect size was 0/496 for fixed effect model and 0/497 for random effect model in which both were significant in 0/001 level. The mean of mixed- model of effect size (0/496) in this research showed the moderate to high on creativity. Conclusions: Also the results showed that there is significant effect size between cognitive styles, internal and external motivation, gender, emotional intelligence, epistemological believes, dimensions of goal direction, mental well-being, personality characters, teacher’s activity and characteristics, intelligence, age, parent’s marital satisfaction, critical thinking, happiness, thinking styles, and direction goal with creativity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - Combined Uncertainty and Linguistic Variables in Response and Scoring To Psychological Questionnaires (Case Study: Abedi Creativity Questionnaire)
Shohreh Ghorbanshiroudi Background: Psychologists have always been looking ways to increase the accuracy of psychological questionnaires. Creativity measurement psychological issues are very important as well. Objective: This study investigated the accountability accuracy and convention More Background: Psychologists have always been looking ways to increase the accuracy of psychological questionnaires. Creativity measurement psychological issues are very important as well. Objective: This study investigated the accountability accuracy and conventional scoring method with proposed methods using the means of incorporation of uncertainty and fuzzy linguistic variable approaches as to know how accountability and scoring method of psychological questionnaires work. Method: The sample is Abedi Creativity Questionnaire which contains some 60 questions in order to better compare the results of a questionnaire answered by hypothetical methods. Results: The results of the questionnaire were analyzed by conventional distance methods and analytical results were proposed. So the results of the conventional accountability and scoring methods put individuals in the rows of people with very little creativity. However, with the incorporation of uncertainty and fuzzy linguistic variable theory in accountability and grading method puts individuals in the rows of people with a lot of creativity. Discussion and conclusion: Accordingly, we conclude that the incorporation of uncertainty and fuzzy linguistic variable theories in psychology are required to answer the questionnaire and scoring, and increase the accuracy. It also became clear that proposed method are available for use in all psychological questionnaires, especially questionnaires that have a lot of questions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - Impacts of Macro-Scale Parameters on Siminehrood River Basin
Farshid BostanManesh Sadegh Partani Rohollah NoriMacro scale parameters (e.g. Land use, population density, geology and erosion etc.) have been considered as macro scale indicators (MSIs) to estimate the water quality in river. The effects of MSIs on water quality variables (that here in after call as micro scale vari MoreMacro scale parameters (e.g. Land use, population density, geology and erosion etc.) have been considered as macro scale indicators (MSIs) to estimate the water quality in river. The effects of MSIs on water quality variables (that here in after call as micro scale variables / MSVs) were investigated through multivariate statistical analysis (MVA). Several MVA employed to find out, validation and verification of interaction effects in screening steep wise stages. The analysis was applied to in situ and laboratory measured data. The sampling process had been carried out on 15 stations, in three stages, in Siminehrood River. The Siminehrood River is located in north-west of Iran as one of important rivers which is terminated to Uremia Lake. MSVs includes all NSF variables. Results demonstrated the high resolution interaction between MSPs and MSVs. the results declared a dramatic relation between dry farming/irrigated farming and PO4,TDS and Turbidity. Urban land use and first level erosion we considered as effective MSPs on BOD5, EC and TDS. High ranked pollution category of geological layer is detected as one of effective MSPs on PO4 and physical water quality variables. The results led the research to the MSPs estimating river water quality in comparative water quality studies in different river basins. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Investigating the effect of fluctuations of economic variables affecting the profitability of IranKhodro Manufacturing Company
Siavash Saleh Ziabari Akbar Bagheri Somayeh Shokravi -
Open Access Article
75 - The Relationship between Background Variables and Empowerment of high school principals in the City of Isfahan
Habibollah Goudarzi Douraki hossein mehrdad Ebrahim PourhoseiniThe present paper mainly aims to study the background variables relationship (gender, education, age and service life years) with empowerment of the secondary intermediate-level directors of Isfahan during schooling year of 1397-98 (2018-2019). The research is being con MoreThe present paper mainly aims to study the background variables relationship (gender, education, age and service life years) with empowerment of the secondary intermediate-level directors of Isfahan during schooling year of 1397-98 (2018-2019). The research is being conducted descriptively and is of a correlational type and an applied one. The statistical population size includes 908 of all secondary intermediate-level directors of Isfahan, of whom 270 were selected as the sample size by applying multi-phased cluster sampling method based on Cochran formula Data collection tools included researcher-made questionnaire, dimensions and indices of which were obtained according to theoretical sources and interview with the elite; finally, empowerment of directors was established in 5 main dimensions and 10 components through exploratory factor analysis.Two educational administration professors (one male and one female) and one psychology professor approved of questionnaire validity and the reliability was obtained based on 0.79 Cronbach Alpha Test. Pearson correlational test and linear regression were applied for data analysis. Findings showed that background variables of gender, education, age and service life years built positive and a meaningful regression results relationship with empowerment of directors (p≤0.05). They simultaneously indicated that background variables can predict about 0.34 variance measure, that is empowerment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - Individual and Corporate Entrepreneurship
Naser Hamidi Nabiollah MohammadiIn this article, entrepreneurship in Zanjan Physical Education Administrational office and its relationship with personal, personality and organizational factors was investigated in order to encourage and prompt the entrepreneurship level during the time span of Februar MoreIn this article, entrepreneurship in Zanjan Physical Education Administrational office and its relationship with personal, personality and organizational factors was investigated in order to encourage and prompt the entrepreneurship level during the time span of February 2008 till September 2008. To this end, we formulated the corresponding directional hypothesis and examined the kind and degree of relationship between personal, personality and organizational specialties variables with entrepreneurship. The results indicated meaningful correlation indices between each of the variables of personal, personality and organizational specialties with entrepreneurship. Further, a meaningful relationship was found between the mentioned variables and entrepreneurship. The results of statistical analysis confirmed that only personality can account for 69.64% of changes in entrepreneurship. Also, level of entrepreneurship in this organization with score of 30.47 is lower than the average level (50%). Finally, some suggestions and guidelines are provided to improve entrepreneurship level based on the research results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Hybrid Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization and Harmony Search for Optimum Design of Space Trusses
Siamak Talatahari Vahid Goodarzimehr Nasser Taghizadieh -
Open Access Article
78 - A Hybrid Meta-Heuristic Method to Optimize Bi-Objective Single Period Newsboy Problem with Fuzzy Cost and Incremental Discount
Ata Allah Taleizadeh Seyed Taghi Akhavan Niaki -
Open Access Article
79 - Structural Drift Corresponding to the Critical Excitations
Mohammad Hosein Soltani Seyed Hooman Ghasemi -
Open Access Article
80 - A Discrete Hybrid Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization algorithm for optimization of space trusses
Siamak Talatahari Vahid Goodarzimehr -
Open Access Article
81 - The review of the relationship between out-group social capital and happiness among the citizens of Tehran in 1390
Mirtaher Mosavi Hassan Rafii Davood GasemzadehThis research reviews the relationship between out-group social capital and happiness among the citizens of Tehran. Joy and happiness are one of the essential needs of the modern man against the opportunities and challenges resulting from advances in information and com MoreThis research reviews the relationship between out-group social capital and happiness among the citizens of Tehran. Joy and happiness are one of the essential needs of the modern man against the opportunities and challenges resulting from advances in information and communication technologies. The research method is correlation and the data collected through quantitative method and by a questionnaire. The statistical population of the research is the citizens of Tehran and 412 people selected through Cochran formula and multistage cluster sampling method. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS. The results show that there is high correlation between out-group social capital and happiness. Also, there is meaningful and positive relationship between happiness and hypothesis concerning education, marital status, income and employment status. Also, there is no correlation between age and gender and happiness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - مطالعة میانفرهنگی بیادبی و پاسخ به تهدید توسط دانشجویان ایرانی و انگلیسی
مریم فرنیا زهرا شیبانیهدف از مطالعة حاضر، مقایسه استراتژیهای بیادبی در پاسخ به تهدیدهای مختلف توسط دانشجویان ایرانی و انگلیسی به زبانهای انگلیسی و فارسی است. شرکتکنندگان شامل 60 نفر فراگیران ایرانی زبان خارجی در سطح متوسط، 60 نفردانشجوی ایرانی غیر رشته زبان انگلیسی، و 212 سخنور بومی زبان Moreهدف از مطالعة حاضر، مقایسه استراتژیهای بیادبی در پاسخ به تهدیدهای مختلف توسط دانشجویان ایرانی و انگلیسی به زبانهای انگلیسی و فارسی است. شرکتکنندگان شامل 60 نفر فراگیران ایرانی زبان خارجی در سطح متوسط، 60 نفردانشجوی ایرانی غیر رشته زبان انگلیسی، و 212 سخنور بومی زبانانگلیسی بودند. دادهها با استفاده از پرسشنامه باز در قالب تکالیف-گفتاری که در آن پاسخ به شرایط تهدید کننده مختلف مورد بررسی قرارگرفت جمعآوری شد. پرسشنامه شامل شش موقعیت با تفاوت در قدرت اجتماعی بود. دادهها براساس مدل پاسخ به تهدید لیمبرگ (2009) مورد تحلیل قرارگرفت. یافتهها نشان دهنده تغییرات در استفاده از استراتژیهای استفاده شده با تغییر قدرت اجتماعی در شرایط مختلف است. علاوه براین، یافتههای کلی نشان داد که فراوانی استفاده از استراتژیها به سمت تطابق یا عدم انطباق با تهدید کننده در سه گروه پاسخدهندگان بود. امیداست که یافتههای این مطالعه بتواند به دانش ما در مطالعات بیادبی و به درک ما از این که چگونه پاسخ های تهدید با تغییر فرهنگی متفاوت است اضافه میکند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - بررسی متغیرهای چالشبرانگیز اجتماعیفرهنگی تأثیرگزار بر هویت زبانآموزان ایرانی
هاجر مقدسی حاجی آباد شعله کلاهی بهدخت مالامیریپژوهش حاضر متغیرهای فرهنگی اجتماعی چالش برانگیز و تاثیرگذار بر هویت زبان آموزان زبان انگلیسی در ایران را بررسی کرده است. برای دستیابی به متغیرها و حوزه های فرهنگی اجتماعی مشخص، مرور جامعی بر پیشینهی تحقیق بر مبنای دیدگاه مدرسان زبان انگلیسی و تحلیل کتب آموزشی زبان انگ Moreپژوهش حاضر متغیرهای فرهنگی اجتماعی چالش برانگیز و تاثیرگذار بر هویت زبان آموزان زبان انگلیسی در ایران را بررسی کرده است. برای دستیابی به متغیرها و حوزه های فرهنگی اجتماعی مشخص، مرور جامعی بر پیشینهی تحقیق بر مبنای دیدگاه مدرسان زبان انگلیسی و تحلیل کتب آموزشی زبان انگلیسی صورت گرفته است. علاوه بر آن، یک پرسشنامهی باز طراحی و بین پنجاه زبان آموز دختر و پسر ایرانی در گروه سنی سیزده تا بیست و یک سال (میانگین سنی 16) که بر اساس نظریه اریکسون در مرحله سردرگمی هویتی قرار دارند جهت بررسی متغیرهای جدید احتمالی توزیع گردید. در نتیجه، فهرستی از عوامل تاثیر گذار بدست آمد که متغیرهای فرهنگی اجتماعی تاثیرگذار بر زبان آموزان ایرانی را با جزییات مشخص میکند و زمینه را برای تحقیقات بعدی مهیا میسازد. فهرست جامعی از متغیرهای فرهنگی اجتماعی تاثیرگذار بدست آمد که می تواند در پژوهشهای بین رشته ای مربوط به آموزش زبان انگلیسی، جامه شناسی زبان، مطالعات فرهنگی و غیره کارایی داشته باشد. نتایج تحقیق همچنین ضرورت آگاهی از عوامل فرهنگی اجتماعی تاثیرگذار بر هویت زبان آموزان ایرانی را در کلاس های درس و دوره های تربیت معلم روشن میکند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - The effect of knowledge Management on customer Orientation: Case Study of Insurance companies in Tehran
M. M. Movahedi M. Moradi -
Open Access Article
85 - Sensitivity analysis of rivers in arid regions to changes in atmospheric elements under climate change conditions Case study: Central catchment area of Iran
forozan esvandzibaie Manochehr Farajzadeh asl Yousef GhavidelIn recent decades, climatic variables have become more pronounced, making the flow rate sensitive to these changes. This study used climatic data of 39 synoptic stations and nine hydrometric stations in the statistical period of 1994-2015 and prospective data of 2021-20 MoreIn recent decades, climatic variables have become more pronounced, making the flow rate sensitive to these changes. This study used climatic data of 39 synoptic stations and nine hydrometric stations in the statistical period of 1994-2015 and prospective data of 2021-2080. Maan Kendall test in MATLAB environment has been used to detect annual changes. Maan Kendall statistics, Sen's slope estimates, and coefficient variation have been used from the relevant formulas in the Excel environment. The results show that the trend of precipitation in region 1, temperature in region 7, and evapotranspiration in basin eight are increasing, and the most changes in flow sensitivity analysis to precipitation changes in region 8, the temperature in regions 3 and 8, and the results of sensitivity analysis to evapotranspiration parameter It is different. The temperature in the three scenarios studied had a significant upward trend, and the changes in precipitation were different in different regions, and the most changes in the decrease in precipitation were in regions 1 and 4. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - The Role of Self-efficacy, Self-esteem and Attitude in Predicting Writing Performance of Students in Ethiopian Context
Ebabu Adugna -
Open Access Article
87 - EFL Teachers’ Language Proficiency, Classroom Management, and Self-Efficacy
Hamid Marashi Fatemeh Azizi-Nassab -
Open Access Article
88 - EFL Teachers’ Beliefs and Motivational Strategies
Hamid Marashi Nazanin Ramin -
Open Access Article
89 - Explaining the Financial Factors Affecting Turnaround from the insolvency of Companies Listed on the Tehran’s Stock Exchange
kazem harounkolai Seyedali Nabavi chashmi ghodratolah barzegar iman dadashiThe aim of this paper is explaining the financial factors affecting turnaround from the insolvency. For explaining financial affecting turnaround from insolvency 54 variables were selected from relevant studies. The information of 200 cases of distressed companies which MoreThe aim of this paper is explaining the financial factors affecting turnaround from the insolvency. For explaining financial affecting turnaround from insolvency 54 variables were selected from relevant studies. The information of 200 cases of distressed companies which were under recovery from distress was extracted between 2001 and 2017. Appropriate statistical methods for the process of refining variables have been performed through paired mean comparison tests as well as exploratory factor analysis using main components. Then, by filtering the variables using audit analysis and in the form of linear combinations, audit functions were formed. The results showed that the financial ratios of current liabilities to total assets, net profits to sales and sales to current assets have the most power to explain the companies’ turnaround. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - Explanation of Financial Variables Effective in Predicting Turnaround: An Artificial Intelligence Approach
Kazem Harounkolai Ghodratolah BarzegarThe main aim of the research was to identify the financial variables that are effective in predicting turnaround of the listed companies in the Tehran Stock Exchange and to predict turnaround by using artificial intelligence method. For this purpose, the information of MoreThe main aim of the research was to identify the financial variables that are effective in predicting turnaround of the listed companies in the Tehran Stock Exchange and to predict turnaround by using artificial intelligence method. For this purpose, the information of 173 Distress Companies that came out of distress and turnaround was extracted during 1383 to 1399. Artificial Intelligence approach was used to analyze the data. In this approach, by using Lars and Relief Feature Selection Algorithms, 10 out of 54 financial variables which were effective in turnaround of companies were identified and then, the Learning Algorithm of Support Vector Machine and Decision Tree were used to evaluate the accuracy of the results of the identified variables in predicting turnaround. The results showed that Lars Feature Selection Method and Vector Machine Algorithm Support have better performance in predicting the time to exit from distress as compared to the Relief Feature Selection Method and Decision Tree Algorithm. Also, regardless of feature selection methods, support vector learning machine has a higher predictive power as compared to decision tree. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - Bank and Macroeconomic Variables Efficiency in Risk Management
Mohsen Mehrara Mehdi Mehran farThis study investigates the factors affecting risk management efficiency of banking industry during 2001-2009, taking 15 public and private operating banks in Iran. For this purpose, capital adequacy ratio is considered as risk management efficiency indicator and other MoreThis study investigates the factors affecting risk management efficiency of banking industry during 2001-2009, taking 15 public and private operating banks in Iran. For this purpose, capital adequacy ratio is considered as risk management efficiency indicator and other determinants are divided into bank specific indicators and macroeconomic variables. Empirical results represent a positive relationship between the liquidity, profitability, operating efficiency, economic growth and capital adequacy ratio while credit risk and inflation rates have a negative effect on capital adequacy ratio as an indicator of risk management efficiency in banks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - Economic Investigation of the Crime and It's Inter-Provincial Spillover Effects in Iran: A Spatial Panel Approach
mohsen mehrara Ehsan mohammadian nikpeyAbstract This study investigates the effects of economic and social variables on crimes in Iran by using provincial panel data during 2000-2010. Spatial econometrics is used to study the crime both in space and spillover effects in the model. Research findings suggest MoreAbstract This study investigates the effects of economic and social variables on crimes in Iran by using provincial panel data during 2000-2010. Spatial econometrics is used to study the crime both in space and spillover effects in the model. Research findings suggest that spillover effects caused led by the crimes in provinces are significant in the investigation period. Therefore, any change in crime rate will affect the province and the neighbors by the spillover effects or contagion across boundaries. Furthermore, the results indicate that economic variables of "Income and Industrialization index" and social variables of "Marriage to Divorce Ratio", "Urbanization Ratio" and "Population Increase" all have significant and important effects on the crime along the country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - Expansion of Financial Distress Modeling Using Corporate Earnings Management in the Iran's Economic Environment
Abbas Ramezanzadeh Zeidi Khosro Faghani Makrani Ali jafariThe purpose of this study is to provide a model for financial distress predicting with real earnings management.So the redesignthe financial distress prediction model of Altman (1983) with the real earnings management variable as a predictor variable, the performance of MoreThe purpose of this study is to provide a model for financial distress predicting with real earnings management.So the redesignthe financial distress prediction model of Altman (1983) with the real earnings management variable as a predictor variable, the performance of the unadjusted model and the adjusted model in predicting of financial distress among companies accepted in the Tehran Stock Exchange was compared.The statistical sample consists of 179 Companies during the years 2008- 2017.Data analysis and hypothesis testing were performed using multiple logistic regression.The results show that the overall accuracy of the adjusted model is higher than the unadjusted model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - macroeconomic variables, economic sanctions and the price index of the technical and engineering services industry in Iran's capital market; ARDL approach
Arash danialian mahbube delfanThe purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of macroeconomic variables, inflation rate, exchange rate, as well as the global commodity price index and economic sanctions on the price index of the technical and engineering services industry in Iran's capita MoreThe purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of macroeconomic variables, inflation rate, exchange rate, as well as the global commodity price index and economic sanctions on the price index of the technical and engineering services industry in Iran's capital market . This study, which is an application of the autocorrelation model with distributed lag (ARDL), has been carried out using monthly data during the period of 1387-1400. The results of the pattern estimation indicate that our dynamic pattern is moving towards the long-term pattern. Also, the results of the error correction model show that 91% of the deviation of the model from its long-term path is corrected by the model variables every year. According to the results, the global commodity price index and the sanctions index have negative effects, and the variables of the exchange rate and inflation rate have positive and significant effects on the price index of the technical engineering services industry. Also the global commodity price index has the highest elasticity compared to other research variables. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - Forecasting Future Trends of the Stock Market Using the Probit Regression Approach with Emphasis on Value at Risk
Seyed Ali Mousavi Loleti Emran Mohammadi Saeed ShavvalpourForecasting has always been recognized as an important issue in financial markets and is considered a unique factor in estimating future unknown values. The aim of this research is to identify and forecast the conditions of the Tehran Stock Exchange(TSE) and the factors MoreForecasting has always been recognized as an important issue in financial markets and is considered a unique factor in estimating future unknown values. The aim of this research is to identify and forecast the conditions of the Tehran Stock Exchange(TSE) and the factors affecting them, focusing on the correlation between market prosperity and value at risk. To achieve this, in the first step of this study, the time series of the value at risk index on the capital market TSE was estimated using daily data and the first-order GARCH method from spring 2010 to June 2023. Then, the factors influencing prosperity in TSE were evaluated based on seasonal data from spring 2010 to June 2023 using the probit regression approach. In addition, value at risk index was calculated seasonally and the relationship between the probability of market prosperity and the value at risk index was examined using correlation coefficients.The research results show that the probability of market prosperity in the Iranian capital market has a significant negative relationship with the bank interest rate, liquidity growth and the occurrence of sanctions. There is also a significant positive relationship with the inflation rate and the growth of the exchange rate. Furthermore, the correlation analysis shows that market prosperity is directly related to equity value at risk. Assuming stable conditions, the research suggests that the probability of a prosperity market in the next three seasons is significantly higher than the occurrence of a recession. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - Investigating the leveling and components of international exhibitions of tourism and related industries Using Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM)
MITRA Tavassoli Naser AzadThe purpose of this study is to investigating the leveling and components of international exhibitions of tourism and related industries using interpretive structural modeling (ISM). This research is applied in terms of purpose. In terms of descriptive-survey method. Th MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigating the leveling and components of international exhibitions of tourism and related industries using interpretive structural modeling (ISM). This research is applied in terms of purpose. In terms of descriptive-survey method. The statistical population is 15 experts from the International Exhibition of Tourism and Related Industries who were selected as a statistical sample of the research. In this study to identify components after studying the literature Related research and interviews with exhibition managers used brainstorming, nominal group technique and then interpretive structural modeling (ISM) and for analysis (MICMAC) variables were divided into four groups of independent or key variables, communication and dependent and autonomous. The relationship between variables and the type of variables can lead to a better understanding of the subject in international exhibitions of tourism and related industries. The results showed that in the first level the components of producer goals, host goals and economic variables that show The effectiveness of these three variables is in the second level of international exhibition planning indicators, participant goals and social variables. In the third and fourth levels, political and cultural variables are the most influential components of the goals of international exhibitions of tourism and industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - Multilayer Paraboloid Structures Optimization of Using a Hybrid Charged System Search
Amir abbaspour siamak Talaat ahariSpace structure is a rigid, lightweight, truss-like structure constructed from interlocking struts in a geometric pattern. Space structure can be covered large areas without intermediate supports.In this paper, the problem of simultaneous shape and size optimization of MoreSpace structure is a rigid, lightweight, truss-like structure constructed from interlocking struts in a geometric pattern. Space structure can be covered large areas without intermediate supports.In this paper, the problem of simultaneous shape and size optimization of a three-layer paraboloid space structure is addressed. In this method, the hybrid charged system search-particle swarm is utilized as the optimization algorithm and the result is compared with the particle swarm optimization algorithm. The objective of this paper is to find optimal weight, that design variables are considered as height and cross-sectional area. For conducting this, a three-layer paraboloid space structure is designed by SAP and then optimized by using hybrid charged system search-particle swarm and particle swarm optimization algorithms. The result demonstrate the efficiency of the hybrid charged system search-particle swarm algorithm. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - A Reliable Approach in Solving Multi-Attribute Decision-Making Problems through Fuzzy Rule-Base System and Z-numbers
Saeed Bahrami Mahmonir Bayanati Mohammad Reza Nasiri Janagha Saman Malekian Milad Abolghasemian Adel Pourghader ChobarMulti-Attribute Decision Making (MADM) process is the most well-known branch of decision making and it is one of the most important tasks that have received a lot of attention in many areas. In solving MADM issues, the parameters of decision-making are often faced with MoreMulti-Attribute Decision Making (MADM) process is the most well-known branch of decision making and it is one of the most important tasks that have received a lot of attention in many areas. In solving MADM issues, the parameters of decision-making are often faced with problems, such as imprecise, vague, uncertain, or incomplete information which lead to inaccurate decision-making. To cope with these problems, the researchers apply fuzzy set theory as the best-developed approach. Among different fuzzy methods, the fuzzy rule-based system (FRBS) due to its flexibility, simplicity, and experts' knowledge modeling is an adequate technique for solving MADM problems. The main objective of this study is to apply experts' opinions by Z-numbers in MADM issues to enhance the accuracy of the decision-making process. The fundamental issue in solving MADM problems is that inadequate information in the experts' opinions leads to some degree of uncertainty in decisions. Indeed, in FRBS research to ranking, the reliability level (Z-numbers) in experts' opinions within the decision-making process has not been taken into account. Whereas, the Z-numbers play a key role in the decision-making process to reach more precise decisions affecting the final ranking results. In the proposed approach (Z-FRBS), by considering experts' opinions in the form of Z-numbers to deal with inadequate information and modeling experts' knowledge through FRBS, the process of making a decision is performed without using conventional techniques which resulted in a more accurate solving MADM problems. The effectiveness and validity of the proposed method was approved with an illustrative example, sensitivity analysis, and comparison with three other validated method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - The Relationship between Acceptance of Information Technology and Employees’ Creativity in Isfahan Steel Mill Company
Mahboobeh Golestani Zadeh Badri Shahtalebi Akbar EtebarianThe present research analyzed the relationship between acceptance of information technology and employees’ creativity in Isfahan Steel Mill Company using descriptive correlational approach. Statistical population was all 800 employees in administrative sections of MoreThe present research analyzed the relationship between acceptance of information technology and employees’ creativity in Isfahan Steel Mill Company using descriptive correlational approach. Statistical population was all 800 employees in administrative sections of the company. 259 people were chosen as the study sample using convenience sampling method and Cochran's sample size formula. To collect data, two researcher-made questionnaires of acceptance of information technology by using the dimensions of Davis Model (1989) and the adjusted questionnaire of Randcip’s organizational creativity (1979) were used. Also, the content validity and reliability were estimated and confirmed. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between acceptance of information technology and employees’ creativity (r =0.577, P <0.01). According to stepwise regression conducted, among the variables of acceptance of information technology, the best predictor of employees’ creativity in the first step was external variables and in the second step was perceived usefulness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - اثر گیاه ماریتیغال (Silybum marianum L) بر سیستم ایمنی، متغیرهای مربوط به روده، وضعیت ظاهری و میزان تلفات جوجه های گوشتی آلوده شده با آفلاتوکسین B1
امید فانی مکی نظر افضلی آرش امیدیمقدمه و هدف: آفلاتوکسین ­مهمترین سم قارچی است که غذا و علوفه را آلوده می­کند و طی زنجیره غذایی وارد بدن انسان می­شود. این مطالعه به منظور بررسی توانایی بذر گیاه ماریتیغال (Silybum Marianum L.) در کاهش اثرات سوء آفلاتوکسین­B1 بر سیستم ایمنی، متغیرهای مربو Moreمقدمه و هدف: آفلاتوکسین ­مهمترین سم قارچی است که غذا و علوفه را آلوده می­کند و طی زنجیره غذایی وارد بدن انسان می­شود. این مطالعه به منظور بررسی توانایی بذر گیاه ماریتیغال (Silybum Marianum L.) در کاهش اثرات سوء آفلاتوکسین­B1 بر سیستم ایمنی، متغیرهای مربوط به روده، وضعیت ظاهری و میزان تلفات جوجه­های گوشتی انجام پذیرفت. روش تحقیق: در این پژوهش تعداد 216 قطعه جوجه گوشتی نر سویه رآس 308 در قالب فاکتوریل 3×3 و طرح کاملاً تصادفی، با 9 تیمار، 4 تکرار و 6 قطعه جوجه در هر واحد آزمایشی به مدت 35 روز روی بستر پرورش داده شدند. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل آفلاتوکسین در 3 سطح (­صفر، 250 و ppb 500) و خار مریم در 3 سطح (­صفر­، 5/0 و0/1 درصد) بودند. تیتر بیمارهای آنفولانزا و نیوکاسل در دو مرحله (25 و 34 روزگی)، متغیر­های مربوط به روده در پایان دوره، وضعیت ظاهری و میزان تلفات جوجه­های گوشتی به صورت هفتگی ارزیابی گردیدند. نتایج و بحث: آنالیز آماری داده­های مربوط به تیتر بیماری آنفولانزا و نیوکاسل در 34 روزگی بیانگر کاهش معنی ­دار میزان تیتر این بیماری­ها در طیور دریافت کننده جیره­های آلوده شده با ppb500 آفلاتوکسین بود(p ≤ 0.05) ­. همچنین طول ایلئوم و کل روده در پایان دوره آزمایش (35 روزگی)، کاهش معنی داری را در اثر مصرف جیره حاوی ppb 500 آفلاتوکسین نشان داد(p ≤ 0.05) ­. جوجه­های دریافت کننده تیمار حاوی ppb 500 آفلاتوکسین، دارای بیشترین میزان ژولیدگی پر و بال و رفتار تهاجمی و همچنین کمترین میزان اندازه جثه در مقایسه با سایر تیمارهای آزمایشی بودند. تلفات ناشی از مصرف سم آفلاتوکسین در بین تیمارهای مختلف آزمایشی معنی­دار نبود. توصیه کاربردی - صنعتی: احتمالاً سیلی­مارین فیتوزوم­های موجود در بذر گیاه ماریتیغال مانع از تلفات، رفتار عصبی و تهاجمی و مقاوم سازی جوجه­های گوشتی نسبت به بیماری­هایی از قبیل نیوکاسل و آنفولانزای ناشی از مصرف سطوح مختلف آفلاتوکسین می­گردد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - The effect of demographic variables on dramatic collective behaviors in the context of Corona virus "Study of Bushehr"
Ali moradi Sina Mansoori Gholamreza JafariniaThe present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effect of demographic variables on collective behavior in the context of the Corona virus in Bushehr city. The research method is a survey that was conducted with a descriptive approach. The statistical popu MoreThe present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effect of demographic variables on collective behavior in the context of the Corona virus in Bushehr city. The research method is a survey that was conducted with a descriptive approach. The statistical population is all residents over 15 years of age in Bushehr city (197,864 people) in 1400. To determine the sample size, 384 people were selected from random cluster sampling. To collect data from a researcher-made questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha was used to check the content validity of the questionnaire from the point of view of professors and its reliability, which was calculated as 0.79 for the entire questionnaire. One-sample t-tests, Friedman's test and analysis of variance were also used to test the research hypotheses. The obtained results showed that the real average of the amount of show collective behavior for the respondents is equal to 195.11, which is higher than the average (174). In the ranking of the average dimensions of the collective performance variable, the dimension of social fashion has the first priority with an average rating of 6.28. Based on the results of the variables of gender, marital status, educational status and the type of residential house of people, they have a significant effect on the dramatic collective behavior. Based on the results of married people, women, people with low education and people who live in private homes, they are more affected by the dramatic collective behavior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - An Analysis of Linear and non-linear effects of High-rise constructions on the level and types of Urban Crimes (case of study: North and South Parts of the city of Esfahan)
Mahin Nastaran Vahid Ghasemi Shabnam YasavolianExcessive and irregular growth of population in urban areas, especially in metropolitan areas, has caused increase of high-rise buildings and also has brought about many problems such as social anomalies, reduction of security, etc. This paper studies the relations betw MoreExcessive and irregular growth of population in urban areas, especially in metropolitan areas, has caused increase of high-rise buildings and also has brought about many problems such as social anomalies, reduction of security, etc. This paper studies the relations between high-rising buildings and the kind and amount of urban crimes. In this paper, in addition to evaluating the relationship between two main variables, other factors that can affect urban crimes are also examined. The research population consisted of the residents of regions 5, 6, 7, 8, 12, 13, 14 in north and south of Isfahan. The findings showed that the linear relationship between high rising buildings and urban crimes is low. In general the increase of high-rise building caused 6.5% increase of urban crimes. On the other hand, with the score of 0.92, there is a very strong nonlinear relationship between two mentioned variables. Among four groups of urban crime, Pearson coefficient for crimes against properties and ownership is 0.47 and Spearman coefficient is 0.6, which is the strongest relationship of variables considered. This indicates that the probability of committing a crime in high rise building areas like region 6, increases, perhaps because of the relatively good economic situation of the residents. Considering the effects of intervening variables, the results showed that better employment conditions, durability and age of buildings decreases urban crimes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - The effects of demographic variables on dramatic collective behaviors in the context of Corona virus (case of Study: city of Bushehr)
Sina Mansoori Ali Moradi Gholamreza JafariniaThe present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effects of demographic variables on collective behavior in the context of the Corona virus in Bushehr city. The research method was survey that was conducted with a descriptive approach. The research p MoreThe present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effects of demographic variables on collective behavior in the context of the Corona virus in Bushehr city. The research method was survey that was conducted with a descriptive approach. The research population consisted of all residents over 15 years of age in Bushehr city (197,864 people) in 1400. To determine the sample size, 384 people were selected through random cluster sampling. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect the data. The content validity of the questionnaire was obtained by consulting experts and its reliability was calculated as 0.79 via Cronbach's alpha. One-sample t-tests, Friedman's test and analysis of variance were also used to test the research hypotheses. The obtained results showed that the real average of the amount of collective behavior for the respondents was equal to 195.11, which was higher than the average (174). In the ranking of the average dimensions of the collective performance variable, the dimension of social fashion has the first priority with an average rating of 6.28. The variables of gender, marital status, educational status and the type of residential house of people had a significant effect on dramatic collective behavior. Married people, women, people with low education and people who live in private homes were more affected by the dramatic collective behavior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - انتخاب تامین کننده در میان سناریو های جایگزین توسط تحلیل پوششی داده ها
محسن واعظ قاسمیمشکل قابل توجه در تجارت رقابتی جهان انتخاب بهترین زنجیره تامین است. به عنوان نتیجه در شرایط بسیار جدی تر از رقابت ها به دنبال بهترین تامین کننده برای ساخت، برای تهیه مواد اولیه بسیار مهم است. در ضمن تامین کنندگان حالات مختلفی برای برآورد شدن دارند، مانند تغییر متغیرهای Moreمشکل قابل توجه در تجارت رقابتی جهان انتخاب بهترین زنجیره تامین است. به عنوان نتیجه در شرایط بسیار جدی تر از رقابت ها به دنبال بهترین تامین کننده برای ساخت، برای تهیه مواد اولیه بسیار مهم است. در ضمن تامین کنندگان حالات مختلفی برای برآورد شدن دارند، مانند تغییر متغیرهای انتخاب مانند زمان بین تصمیم گیری به تولید کالای بخصوص و آغاز تولید آن ، هزینه های حمل و نقل و مسیر حمل و نقل. در این مقاله مدل ریاضی از تحلیل پوششی داده ها (DEA)، تکنیک و الگوریتم باینری برای انتخاب تامین کنندگان با سناریو های مختلف استفاده کرده که می تواند تامین کنندگان را با اولویت های متغیر و جایگزین برای تامین کنندگان دیگر ارزیابی نماید. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - طراحی بهینه ابعاد مقطع کانالهای روباز با استفاده از الگوریتم PSO
محسن منادی میرعلی محمدی Hamed Taghizadehدر این مقاله از الگوریتم بهینه سازی اجتماع ذرات جهت طراحی بهینه مقطع کانالهای روباز با مقاطع مثلثی، مستطیلی و ذوزنقه ای استفاده شده است. متغیرهای مقطع کانالها شامل، عمق، شیب جانبی و عرض کف می باشند. تابع هدف کمینه سازی هزینه ساخت کانال می باشد. برای کدنویسی و بهینه سازی Moreدر این مقاله از الگوریتم بهینه سازی اجتماع ذرات جهت طراحی بهینه مقطع کانالهای روباز با مقاطع مثلثی، مستطیلی و ذوزنقه ای استفاده شده است. متغیرهای مقطع کانالها شامل، عمق، شیب جانبی و عرض کف می باشند. تابع هدف کمینه سازی هزینه ساخت کانال می باشد. برای کدنویسی و بهینه سازی مسئله از نرم افزار MATLAB استفاده شده است. قید مسئله از طریق رابطه مانینگ برای جریان یکنواخت در کانالهای روباز اعمال شده است. تابع هزینه مسئله شامل هزینه عملیات خاکی، هزینه مازاد انجام حفاری و عملیات خاکی در اعماق زیر سطح زمین و هزینه اجرای روکش کانال می باشد. برای بیان مقادیر بهینه متغیرهای مقاطع از توابع ساده با عبارات هزینه واحد استفاده شده است. متغیرهای بهینه مقطع با در نظر گرفتن سطح مقطع حداقل یا محیط پیرامون حداقل به دست امده اند. کلیه برنامه های کامپیوتری در نرم افزار متلب نوشته شده است. نتایج به دست آمده نشان داد که الگوریتم PSO معرفی شده برای طراحی مقطع بهینه کانالهای روباز الگوریتمی قدرتمند می باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - On solving possibilistic multi- objective De Novo linear programming
Hamiden Khalifa -
Open Access Article
107 - Assessments of sense of belong in historic area with emphasize on environmental and physical variables (Case study: Arg- Ganjalikhan, Mozafari and Ghaleh Mahmood’s areas in Kerman city)
Hamid Mohammadi Mitra GhorbiNowadays the concept sense of place is one of the important issues that the contemporary urban development is facing with. In the past cities used to have the high potential of providing interaction between man and space; but today despite of high potentials in most of MoreNowadays the concept sense of place is one of the important issues that the contemporary urban development is facing with. In the past cities used to have the high potential of providing interaction between man and space; but today despite of high potentials in most of historic areas, undesirable environmental and physical quality causes weakening of social ties among the inhabitants, lower sense of belonging and gradual decline of these areas. This issue motivated the authors to clarify the relationship between criteria of environment’s quality (environmental and physical) on sense of belonging in historic neighborhoods of the city of Kerman. Questionnaire was the main data collection method, and 374 questionnaires were distributed and analyzed. The results show a direct and meaningful relationship between the physical variables and sense of belonging but reverse and meaningful relationship between environmental variables and sense of belonging. In attention to components of physical variables and sense of belonging, in Arg-Ganjalikhan and Mozafari areas buildings and spaces has the highest effect over sense of belonging. However, in GhalehMahmood area it was accessibility. Regarding the components environmental variables and sense of belonging, it is notable that sound pollutions in Arg-Ganjalikhan, Mozafari and GhalehMahmood areas has the highest influence on the sense of belonging. The results of structural equations modeling also demonstrate that improving the condition of environmental and physical variables can improve the condition of sense of belonging as well. However, the influence of environmental variables on the sense of belonging was higher comparing to physical ones. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - The Influence of Socio-Economic Variables of Farmers on their Choice of Cassava Varieties in Kogi State, Nigeria.
S. J. Ibitoye -
Open Access Article
109 - Investigating and explaining the effectiveness of immigrant residents and implementation of intervention plans in dilapidated urban areas (case studies: dilapidated areas of Zeynabiyeh, Ghaemiyeh and Hemmat Abad – Esfahan)
seyyed alireza ememinajafabadi shirin Toghyani hamid saberiSome characteristics of dilapidated fabric such as land ownership type, residential and social space, low price of lands, etc. have become a cause for attraction and settlement of immigrants in such areas. Failure or prolongation of many intervention plans and consequen MoreSome characteristics of dilapidated fabric such as land ownership type, residential and social space, low price of lands, etc. have become a cause for attraction and settlement of immigrants in such areas. Failure or prolongation of many intervention plans and consequently failure of future plans are results of this issue. This research was conducted to investigate effectiveness of immigrant residents on implementation of urban plans.This study is descriptive-analytical and provides an analytical model by explaining two concepts of dilapidated urban fabric and immigrants residing within. In order to evaluate the questionnaire in terms of validity and reliability, statistical analysis tools of SPSS software were used. Also, qualitative and quantitative statistical decision-making techniques were employed for analyzing the data.The three dilapidated area surveyed in this study are located in the city of Esfahan and are considered as marginal areas of this historical city having three distinguished population structures made up from immigrants from other countries, other provinces or within the province. Therefore, given their cultural, social, ethnic and physical differences, these three areas were selected as case studies for investigating and explaining the effectiveness of immigrant residents and implementation of intervention plans in dilapidated urban areas.In the present research, stratified simple random sampling was selected and employed from various sampling methods. The number of questionnaire samples were 226 people from Ghaemiyeh Neighborhood, 60 people from Zeynabiyeh Neighborhood, and 70 people from Hemmat Abad Neighborhood. The result showed that: the more immigrants from within a province, the higher effectiveness of urban collaborative plans; which means there is a significant relationship between status variables of immigrants residing within the dilapidated area and implementation of urban plans. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - اثر تغییرات بارندگی بر متغیرهای اقتصادی با استفاده از مدل تعادل عمومی
زینب معین الدینی حمید محمدی حسین محرابی بشرآبادیاقتصاد ایران به متغیرهای اقتصادی بسیاری وابسته است که در رشد و توسعه آن کشور نقش دارند. از طرفی، بارندگی یکی از عوامل مهم آب و هوایی است که روی برنامه های مهم اقتصادی از جمله بخش کشاورزی موثر است. تغییرات بارندگی بر متغیرهای اقتصادی بسیاری تاثیرگذار اس Moreاقتصاد ایران به متغیرهای اقتصادی بسیاری وابسته است که در رشد و توسعه آن کشور نقش دارند. از طرفی، بارندگی یکی از عوامل مهم آب و هوایی است که روی برنامه های مهم اقتصادی از جمله بخش کشاورزی موثر است. تغییرات بارندگی بر متغیرهای اقتصادی بسیاری تاثیرگذار است که در این مطالعه به ارزیابی بعضی از آن­هاپرداخته شده است. هدف از این تحقیق ارزیابی شوک­های بارندگی بر متغیرهای اقتصادی با استفاده از روش تعادل عمومی است که این شوک­ها شامل؛ بهترین سناریو، برای بیشترین بارندگی، بدترین سناریو برای کمترین بارندگی و سناریوی نرمال برای متوسط بارندگی می­باشند. یه منظور ارزیابی این تغییرات بر بخش کشاورزی، مجموعه ای از کالاهای تولیدی بخش کشاورزی به صورت جداگانه مطرح شد و برای سایر بخش­های اقتصادی با هم تجمیع گشت. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که تولیدات بخش کشاورزی در بهترین سناریو به میزان 14 درصد افزایش یافته است. در بدترین سناریو میزان مصرف همه کالاها کاهش، قیمت همه کالاها به جز بخش صنعت افزایش و سرمایه­گذاری خصوصی و دولتی نیز تغییر یافته است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - مقایسه رفتار کشت محصول سالم بر اساس متغیرهای جمعیت شناسی(مطالعه موردی: بهره برداران روستایی استان کرمانشاه در ایران)
مرضیه معرف alireza poursaeed roya eshraghi hamed chaharsoghi aminبا افزایش جمعیت روزافزون جهان ، تأمین غذای مورد نیاز جامعه بشری با محدودیت های جدی روبرو است ، این امر به دو دلیل باعث شده است که کشاورزان از سموم دفع آفات و سموم شیمیایی استفاده کنند: اول افزایش تولید و دوم مبارزه با آفات گیاهی .استفاده از سموم و کودهای شیمیایی افراد ر Moreبا افزایش جمعیت روزافزون جهان ، تأمین غذای مورد نیاز جامعه بشری با محدودیت های جدی روبرو است ، این امر به دو دلیل باعث شده است که کشاورزان از سموم دفع آفات و سموم شیمیایی استفاده کنند: اول افزایش تولید و دوم مبارزه با آفات گیاهی .استفاده از سموم و کودهای شیمیایی افراد را در معرض خطر بیشتری قرار داده است. کشت محصولات ایمن راهی برای مبارزه با این مشکل است. در مطالعه حاضر ، پژوهشگر رفتار کشت محصولات سالم را بر اساس متغیرهای جمعیت شناختی مقایسه کرده است. این تحقیق یک مطالعه غیر آزمایشی از نوع کمی ، پس رویدادی(تحقیق علی - مقایسه ای) است. جامعه آماری تحقیق 80304 نفربهره بردار روستایی استان کرمانشاه بود که 385 نفر به عنوان حجم نمونه انتخاب شدند. به دلیل پراکندگی جامعه آماری ، 400 پرسشنامه از طریق نمونه گیری خوشه ای چند مرحله ای بین کاربران توزیع شد.نتایج نشان داد که بین میانگین نمرات رفتاربهره برداران در خصوص کشت محصولات سالم در استان کرمانشاه بر اساس متغیرهای شرکت در کلاسهای آموزشی - ترویجی ، الگوی نقش ، سن ، سابقه کار، سطح تحصیلات و درآمد ماهانه ، تفاوت معنی داری وجود دارد. فقط متغیرهای تاهل و جنسیتی تفاوت معنی داری با رفتار کشت محصول سالم نداشتند. با برگزاری کلاسهای ترویجی در این زمینه و معرفی کشاورزان نمونه و موفق به عنوان الگو و دادن پاداش مالی به آنها می توان به موفقیت هایی در زمینه کشاورزی سالم دست یافت.دولت و سازمان ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی در دستیابی به این موفقیت نقش بسزایی دارند Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - Investigating the role of demographic variables and attitudes towards success factors on the success of small and medium businesses under Science and Technology Parks in Iran
hosein Kazemi Najme MolaeiAbstract Background and purpose: Some small and medium businesses operate in the market for a longer period of time and the reason for that is the success of these businesses. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of demographic variables and attitu MoreAbstract Background and purpose: Some small and medium businesses operate in the market for a longer period of time and the reason for that is the success of these businesses. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of demographic variables and attitudes towards success factors on the success of small and medium businesses under science and technology parks. Research method: This research is descriptive and survey-type and practical according to its purpose. The statistical population of the research is the businesses covered by the technology parks, which were sampled by cluster method. 4 provinces (Kerman, Razavi Khorasan, Yazd and Fars provinces) were selected by a selective method and necessary data were randomly collected from companies located in technological parks. The data collection tools were interviews and questionnaires. One-factor analysis of variance, Friedman's analysis of variance and Mann-Whitney test were used for data analysis. Findings: The results showed that family businesses and businesses that focus on internal factors have achieved more success. Companies that give higher priority to the variables of knowledge acquisition, innovation ability, increasing product quality, improving the technical ability of employees, relationship with universities and research centers, have been more successful in comparison with other business. Conclusion: For the success of small and medium businesses in science and technology parks, focusing on family businesses and internal factors is of particular importance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - Town trip forecasting based on data mining techniques
Mohammad Fili Majid Khedmati -
Open Access Article
114 - A new robust counterpart model for uncertain linear programming problems
Hamid Amiri Rasoul Shafaei -
Open Access Article
115 - An iterative method for tri-level quadratic fractional programming problems using fuzzy goal programming approach
Semu Mitiku Kassa Teklay Hailay Tsegay -
Open Access Article
116 - Fuzzy completion time for alternative stochastic networks
S.S Hashemin -
Open Access Article
117 - Considering undesirable variables in PCA-DEA method: a case of road safety evaluation in Iran
Alimohammad Ahmadvand Zeinab Abtahy Mahdi Bashiri -
Open Access Article
118 - the role of mother-child relationship and pain-related variables in the depression level of mothers with chronic illness
Ata Tehranchi Mohsen Dehghani Karine Tahmasian Hamideh Zareethe role of mother-child relationship and pain variables in inducing depression in mothers suffering from Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Low Back Pain (LBP) was studied. The sample was consisted of 67 LBP, 60 RA and 63 MS patients selected from A Morethe role of mother-child relationship and pain variables in inducing depression in mothers suffering from Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Low Back Pain (LBP) was studied. The sample was consisted of 67 LBP, 60 RA and 63 MS patients selected from Atieh, Imam Khomeini hospitals, and the Iranian MS Society in city of Tehran plus 65 nonpatient mothers. All participants answered Depression- Anxiety-Stress Scale (DASS-42; Laviband & Laviband, 1995) and the Parent-Child Relationship-Short form (PCRS-S; Pianta, 1992). Patient mothers also answered Visual Analogue Scale (VAS; Wewers & Lowe, 1990) and Pain related Disability Questionnaire (PDQ; Roland & Morris, 1983). Data were analyzed using variance analysis, Pearson correlation and stepwise regression. Results indicated that the depression severity differed significantly in patient and nonpatient mothers. Also, disability due to pain and conflict in mother-child relationship significantly predicted depression in mothers. Therefore, it was concluded that disability and conflict in mother-child relationship is related to depression severity in mothers with chronic illnesses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - .Application of Meta-Heuristic Algorithms in Predicting Financial Distress using intra-corporate (Financial and non-financial) and Economic Variables (Grasshopper Optimization and Ant Colony Algorithms)
فریدون مرادی احمد یعقوب نژاد آزیتا جهانشاد. Abstract The purpose of this study is investigating the capability of Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (GOA) in more accurately predicting the financial distress by-using intra-corporate (financial and non-financial) and economic variables. The method of this rese More. Abstract The purpose of this study is investigating the capability of Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (GOA) in more accurately predicting the financial distress by-using intra-corporate (financial and non-financial) and economic variables. The method of this research is improving the performance of the basic model of Multilayer Perceptron Artificial Neural Network (ANN-MLP) by-using a hybrid model with GOA (MLP-GOA) and Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm (MLP-ACO). The statistical research population of companies active in Tehran Stock Exchange during a 7-year period (from 1391 to 1397) included 476 companies, and finally, after systematic elimination, there were 289 qualified companies (including 2023 observation year-company). Checked and screened. The results showed the ability of ANN-MLP model to predict financial distress by-using financial and non-financial variables, and in addition the hybrid models (MLP-GOA and MLP-ACO) had been improved this ability. The accuracy of the MLP-GOA model for the year t, year t-1and year t-2 (before financial distress occurs), respectively are 97.30%, 94.53% and 91.30% that higher than the accuracy of the basic model and the hybrid MLP-ACO model. Although, entering the economic variables has increased the capability of all models significantly but the results showed that the financial distress is more affected by intra-corporate variables and the effect of economic variables has already been considered through the effect on financial events recorded in the accounting system. The results of this study can be used by company managers, banks and rating and credit institutions, insurance companies, financial analysts, investors and investment companies in assessing the risk of financial distress to make appropriate decisions and actions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - Design a Model to Predict the Financial Crisis of the Iranian Capital market Using Smart Web Models
Maryam Roohisara masoud taherinia Hassan Zalaqi Ahmed SarlakAbstract As the managers due to decision-making and stakeholders, namely investors, tend to predict the occurrence or non-occurrence of financial crisis in the organization under their management, so the present study is aimed to provide a model for predicting this cri MoreAbstract As the managers due to decision-making and stakeholders, namely investors, tend to predict the occurrence or non-occurrence of financial crisis in the organization under their management, so the present study is aimed to provide a model for predicting this crisis. To achieve the research purpose, smart web models including grey wolf, ant colony optimization, particle swarm optimization and genetics algorithms were used. For this purpose, the data obtained from the questionnaire completed by 20 experts in the quality section and the data obtained from 173 companies from 2009 to 2019 listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) were used. 38 indices from the categories of macroeconomic indicators, industry factors, corporate characteristics, political, cultural and behavioral events were identified using the review of the theoretical basics. Then, 25 indicators with high impact on the financial crisis were selected using expert opinion and MICMAC analysis. Then, by reviewing the financial statements of 173 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) and using Rahavard Novin software, the data were collected from 25 selected indicators and their impact on the financial crisis was examined using gray wolf, ant colony, particle swarm and genetics algorithm to determine the final model of the research. It was found that in terms of efficiency, the ant colony optimization method is the most efficient and the gray wolf method is the least efficient in predicting the financial crisis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - The Effect of Currency Rate Fluctuation on stock Return of Companies Admitted in Tehran Stock Exchange
حمیدرضا وکیلی فر ملیحه علی فریAbstract Security exchange has a particular spot in the country's financial system and development of capital market depends on this institutes activities within the country. Accumulating small amounts of deposits and available liquidity, and guiding them toward MoreAbstract Security exchange has a particular spot in the country's financial system and development of capital market depends on this institutes activities within the country. Accumulating small amounts of deposits and available liquidity, and guiding them toward the producing goods and service process in the country are two significant usages of the security exchange. Investors who take part in the security exchange include a vast variety of people that always are trying to decrease risk and increase proportional return. Thus recognizing the factors which effect the return on securities has a material effect on more in deeps analysis and making more proper by the investors. So in this case we study the effect of five important macro economic variables on the total risk and returns of the enterprises admitted in Tehran Security Exchange under cement, petro chemistry, and automobile industries within 1377-1390. The aim of this study is to recognize a balance relation between macro economic variables and their effects on the total stock return. This thesis studies includes 2 hypotheses. This study suggested that there is not correlated relation between the total risk ,returns of the stock and macro economic variables for enterprises admitted in Tehran Security Exchange. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - The effect of economic variables on the behavior of stock prices of companies admitted to the stock exchange
Leila Asiabii Aghdam Ashkan Rahimzadeh Yadollah RajaeiAbstractCausal relationships and dynamic interactions between macroeconomic variables and stock price index are very important in formulating macroeconomic policies and political policies of a country. In this article, the effect of economic variables on the behavior of MoreAbstractCausal relationships and dynamic interactions between macroeconomic variables and stock price index are very important in formulating macroeconomic policies and political policies of a country. In this article, the effect of economic variables on the behavior of the stock price of the company admitted to the stock exchange was investigated. The research method of this article is based on the purpose of the article (examining the effect of economic variables on the behavior of the stock price of a company admitted to the stock exchange) and is of an applied type. An attempt was made in this article; By explaining the theory and designing a model and using the econometric methods of the TAR threshold self-return model, the effect of economic variables on the behavior of the stock price of the company admitted to the stock exchange was investigated. In reviewing and compiling the subject literature, statistical tables and global databases were used to collect the required statistics and quantitative information. The statistical population of this research is all the economic variables of the research, which are the data of the research variables from 1370 to 1398 (a period of twenty-nine years). The results of the analyzes using the econometric methods of the TAR threshold self-return model, there is a significant relationship between the economic variables and the stock price index in the stock exchange, but in the regime of the behavior of the variables on the stock price index in the stock exchange. Is different. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - Identifying and ranking the impact of lifestyle variables and behavioral indicators on purchase decisions and mental conflicts after purchase - case study: young women with financial resources and high income in Tehran city.
seyed Mohamad Taghi Hosseinikia Vahid Reza MirabiAbstractPurpose: The main purpose of the research is to Identifying and ranking the impact of lifestyle variables and behavioral indicators on purchase decisions and mental conflicts after purchase - case study: young women with financial resources and high income in Te MoreAbstractPurpose: The main purpose of the research is to Identifying and ranking the impact of lifestyle variables and behavioral indicators on purchase decisions and mental conflicts after purchase - case study: young women with financial resources and high income in Tehran city..Research method: 10 variables. A behavior was identified through the Delphi group. The research is descriptive-survey in terms of method, practical in terms of purpose, the method of collecting data in the field through a questionnaire with a Likert scale and validity and reliability has been confirmed. The statistical sample size was determined to be 384 people.Findings: After analyzing the data, all the hypotheses were confirmed and in the following order, they had the greatest impact on women's purchase decisions: self-deceiving behavior styles (1) successful people (2). herd behavior (3), aura effect (4), sophistry of gamblers (5), gap (6), idealism (7), realism (8), anchoring (9), projection (10) ).Conclusion: The results show that the decisions made based on behavioral variables have more satisfaction and cognitive inconsistency, mental conflict and psychological tension after purchase. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - Price Bubble and the Effect of Economic Variables on the Exchange Rate in the Iranian Financial Market Using ARIMA and TAR Methods
Yagoob Zahedi Nader Rezaei Vadoud NajjariAbstract Many financial crises follow the bursting of the financial asset bubble, and it is important to examine the bubble behavior in these markets and make an early diagnosis to prevent adverse economic consequences; Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to MoreAbstract Many financial crises follow the bursting of the financial asset bubble, and it is important to examine the bubble behavior in these markets and make an early diagnosis to prevent adverse economic consequences; Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of four economic and financial variables including GDP, auto index and parts of stock exchange indices, inflation rate and oil income on the exchange rate by quasi-experimental studies with two statistical models ARIMA and model The return itself is the TAR threshold. Considering that previous studies in this field, which have mostly dealt with the formation and explosion of bubbles, and in this field, studies have not been done or are limited; Therefore, in this study, first, data were collected quarterly in the time yield of spring 2011 to spring 1400 and were analyzed by descriptive statistics and econometrics. The results of ARIMA model analysis show that an increase in the exchange rate unit in a past period will lead to an increase of 1.94 exchange rates in the current period. The results of TAR model analysis show that there is a nonlinear relationship between the variables studied in the study and two thresholds for GDP (2130- and 15460) were estimated, indicating different effects of GDP, inflation rate, car index and parts. One of the indicators of the stock exchange and oil income in the regime is high, medium and low (threshold level of 2130-15460) on the exchange rate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - The Influence of Climate Change on distribution of an Endangered Medicinal Plant (Fritillaria Imperialis L.) in Central Zagros
Ali Asghar Naghipour borj Zeinab Ostovar Esmaeil Asadi -
Open Access Article
126 - Assessing Bioclimatic Characteristics on Daphne mucronata as a Medicinal Plant in Fars Province, Iran
Morteza Khodagholi Razieh Saboohi -
Open Access Article
127 - Correlations between Some Vegetation Attributes and Soil Physicochemical Properties at Selected Wet Season Grazing Sites Central Sudan
Abdelrahim Elbalola Ibrahim Yousef Ahmed Elshikh -
Open Access Article
128 - Effects of Macroeconomic Variables and Market Power on Banking Sector's Deposits (Weighted Least Square in Dynamic Panel Data Approach)
mahboubeh shakiba alireza daghighiasli marjan damankeshideh majid afsharirad Ali Esmaeelzadeh MaghariThe most important role of bank deposits in the country's economy is to provide the necessary grounds for investment. Market power specifies how firms in a market influence prices, and reveals the level of competition in the market. Hence, the main aim of this paper is MoreThe most important role of bank deposits in the country's economy is to provide the necessary grounds for investment. Market power specifies how firms in a market influence prices, and reveals the level of competition in the market. Hence, the main aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of market power and macroeconomic variables effects on banking deposits in Iranian deposit money market using dynamic Bresnahan-Lau’s and weighted average least square approach for the 18 bank in the Iran industrial banking sector. Annual data for the period of 2008-2017 has been collected from annual financial statements of Iranian banks, Statistical Centre of Iran, Monetary and Banking Research Institute of Iran and central bank of Iran. The main empirical results indicated that the nominal exchange rate and liquidity money have negative and other extracted macroeconomics variables have positive and significant effects on the deposits of banking sector during the period of study. Moreover, the Dumitrescu-Hurlin panel Granger Causality tests confirmed the unilateral causality from macroeconomics variables and market power to the bank's deposits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
129 - The Impact of Knowledge and personal Values on Consumer Ethical Behavior with an Emphasis on the personal and Situational Characteristics
Mehdi Naeimi Nezamabad Hossein Vazifehdust Mohammad Ali Abdolvand Behnaz KhodayariUnderstanding the behavior of ethically minded consumers creates a valuable platform for the success of producers and marketers. The main purpose of the study is to design a model of ethical behavior of consumers in the food industry in Golestan province. The statistica MoreUnderstanding the behavior of ethically minded consumers creates a valuable platform for the success of producers and marketers. The main purpose of the study is to design a model of ethical behavior of consumers in the food industry in Golestan province. The statistical population of the study consisted of consumers of food industry in Golestan province on an indefinite number. Structural equation modeling used to test the hypotheses using Smart Plus Software. The results revealed that there is a positive and significant relationship between consumer knowledge and personal values with ethical concerns. Based on the results, the personal values of universalism and benevolence are related to ethical concerns. The findings also show that there is a significant relationship between consumers' ethical concerns and their ethical behaviors. Identifying consumers with high personal values of universalism and benevolence and providing ethical products to them will lead to their satisfaction and the achievement of goals. Promoting behaviors such as buying from local stores and consuming organic products, as well as participating in protests and marches against companies without ethical responsibility, will also be helpful. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - The complex network of the impact of the coronavirus (Qovid-19) on macroeconomic variables and the stock markets crash
matin saneifar parviz saeedi Ebrahim Abaasi Hossein DidehkhaniThe outbreak of the corona virus has led to strong negative reactions from stock markets in various countries, and the side effects of the virus have caused the fall in prices of many macroeconomic variables worldwide.These have drawn the attention of analysts and inves MoreThe outbreak of the corona virus has led to strong negative reactions from stock markets in various countries, and the side effects of the virus have caused the fall in prices of many macroeconomic variables worldwide.These have drawn the attention of analysts and investors to the negative effects of the spread of the virus on stock markets.The goal of the study is to create a complex network of corona viruses on the stock market of 75 countries with oil, gold, silver and copper.The results show that the interconnectedness of the modern economy of stock markets and economic variables has made the health crisis to a global economic crisis.Corona virus has a direct negative impact on 35% of stock market markets, this virus has had the greatest impact on stock market markets in European and Asian countries,It has also had the least impact on the stock markets of the Arab and African countries.The coronavirus has indirectly affected stock market markets by affecting economic variables.The unprecedented drop in oil prices has caused the stock markets to fall 56 percent,and gold price fluctuations have affected 29 percent of these markets.Silver and copper prices have fallen between 25 and 32 percent in stock markets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - Analysis of Comovement between Tehran Stock Market and Global Macroeconomic Indicators Using a Time-Frequency Analysis
Khadijeh Dinarzehi Mohammad Nabi Shahiki Tash Gholamreza ZamanianStudy of the comovement between financial markets plays a crucial role in increasing the performance of trading strategies. Due to the strong dependence of Iran economy on oil prices and the fluctuation of the dollar exchange rate in the open market, it is very importan MoreStudy of the comovement between financial markets plays a crucial role in increasing the performance of trading strategies. Due to the strong dependence of Iran economy on oil prices and the fluctuation of the dollar exchange rate in the open market, it is very important to study these macroeconomic level factors on stock market performance for portfolio management. In this research, using time-frequency domain analysis, while discovering the interdependence between financial markets, capital turnover trends in Tehran stock exchange are analyzed and the effect of exchange rate fluctuations and the price of the OPEC oil basket on the indices including TEPIX, industry, banking, automobile, and oil products are studied. The results show that the longer the investment horizon, the stronger this effect is, and the increase in the exchange rate causes the index to increase in order for the market to prosper more, while there is a weak interdependence between TEPIX and oil price. During the investment horizon of 4 to 9 months, any increase in USD encourages shareholders to trade more, while in similar conditions, the increase in oil prices, except in the banking and the petroleum sectors, cause money to flow out of the market in other sectors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - The Effect of Overconfidence Managers on the Company's Risk Policies
Mansoureh HajiHashemi Vernosefaderani Mohammadreza AbdoliIn this research, we study the effects of overconfidence of managers (one of behavioral bias) and its impact on companies’ risk policy from operational, financial and market perspectives. Due to weakness of existing modeks in describing psychological variables inf MoreIn this research, we study the effects of overconfidence of managers (one of behavioral bias) and its impact on companies’ risk policy from operational, financial and market perspectives. Due to weakness of existing modeks in describing psychological variables influencing overconfidence, first a justified model of overconfidence has been presented. To estimate model's parameters, random effects statistical model has been used. In this regard, a total of 98 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange have been studied. Years 1389 to 1394 (Hijri calendar) is the period of investigation. Since the t-test value of financial and business risk is greater than 1.965 and its significance level is also less than 0.5, linear correlation between the business and financial risk and overconfidence is approved. Also t-test value of market risk is lower than 1.965 and its significance level is higher than 0.5. So linear and significant relation between the market risk and manager overconfidence is rejected. As the final conclusion, results confirm significant relationships between overconfidence and financial risk management and also business risk management. In the meantime, a significant relationship between overconfidence and market risk has not been observed Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - Localization of systematic risk assessment patterns Based on financial and non-financial variables
alireza eslampour roya darabiFinancial and economic decisions are always at risk due to future uncertainties. Therefore, one way to help investors is to provide investment risk forecasting models. But as these projections are closer to reality, decisions that are based on such predictions will be m MoreFinancial and economic decisions are always at risk due to future uncertainties. Therefore, one way to help investors is to provide investment risk forecasting models. But as these projections are closer to reality, decisions that are based on such predictions will be more correct. The main purpose of the present experimental study is to predict systematic risk with emphasis on financial and non-financial variables. The statistical population of this research is the companies accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange. The data of the study consist of 552 Firm-year from 2012 to 2017. To test the hypotheses, the artificial neural networks approach and night worm algorithms, decision tree and regressor of backup vector machine have been used. The results of this study showed that the results obtained from the hypothesis test showed that all three of the algorithms have the power to explain systematic risk. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
134 - Effects of Macroeconomic Variables and market power on Banking Sector's Deposits (Bayesian Model Averaging Approach in Panel Data)
mahboubeh shakiba alireza Daghighiasli marjan damankeshideh majid fashari Ali Esmaeelzadeh MaghariMarket power specifies how firms in a market influence prices, and reveals the level of competition in the market. This paper investigated the impact of market power and macroeconomic variables effect on banking deposits in Iranian deposit money market using dynamic Bre MoreMarket power specifies how firms in a market influence prices, and reveals the level of competition in the market. This paper investigated the impact of market power and macroeconomic variables effect on banking deposits in Iranian deposit money market using dynamic Bresnahan-Lau’s and Bayesian model averaging approach for the 18 bank in the Iran industrial banking sector. Annual data for the period of 2006- 2016 has been collected from annual financial statements of Iranian banks, Statistical Centre of Iran, Monetary and Banking Research Institute of Iran and central bank of Iran. By applying BMA approach the main macroeconomic variables have been determined from 8 variables. The results of model estimation indicated that market power for its 18 Iranian banks were 0.58 and the macroeconomic variables of liquidity money has negative and other explanatory variables such as fixed assets, growth of GDP, first order lag of deposits, deposits rate and cross effect of GGDP with deposits rate have positive posterior average on banking sector's deposits during the period of study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
135 - The Relationship of Firm Fundamentals and Historical Prices with Stock Price Movements
Mahdi Asgharzadeh Mohammad javad Salimi Moslem PeymaniRecognizing variables which are able to explain stock price movements is a very important matter for the capital market activists. Three main groups of variables that seem to have a significant role in this explanation are: 1) Fundamental Variables 2) Historical Stock P MoreRecognizing variables which are able to explain stock price movements is a very important matter for the capital market activists. Three main groups of variables that seem to have a significant role in this explanation are: 1) Fundamental Variables 2) Historical Stock Price Returns 3) Macroeconomic Variables. This research investigates the relationship between these three groups of variables and stock price returns on the listed companies of Tehran Stock Exchange. Moreover, the complementary role of fundamental variables and historical stock price returns in explaining stock price movements is investigated. Eventually the difference between the roles of fundamental variables and historical stock price returns in large and small firms is studied. According to the results of the present research there is a significant relationship between all three mentioned groups of variables and stock price movements and also fundamental variables and historical stock price returns are complementary variables for explaining stock price movements. Moreover, the growth variable is more important in small firms compared to larger firms for interpreting stock price movements. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - Estimating the probability of Loss of Credit Portfolio using the sharp asymptotic method and Latent variable model
Mohammad reza Haddadi Reza Maaboudi Saeedeh FallahyanThe purpose of the study is to obtain a probability of a very high loss for a credit portfolio in a fixed time horizon and to calculate the loss of this portfolio in the worst possible case (the defaults of all customers). For this purpose, the Copula function approach MoreThe purpose of the study is to obtain a probability of a very high loss for a credit portfolio in a fixed time horizon and to calculate the loss of this portfolio in the worst possible case (the defaults of all customers). For this purpose, the Copula function approach is used. A Copula function is a new tool that increases the accuracy of the calculation of this probability. Gaussian Copulas cannot simulate the dependence between the members of the portfolio. For this reason, the T- Copula method has been used as an alternative model in this paper. The T-Copula pattern, in contrast to the normal Copula method, supports the extreme dependence between variables. The structure of a multivariate distribution t is the ratio of a multivariate normal distribution on the second root of a Chi-square random variable. If the denominator of the distribution chooses values close to zero, then the corresponding vector coordinates of the random variables are distributed t , Can record large joint movements. The Chi-square random variable plays "common shock" roles. The present study, using the hidden variables method, has calculated the probable unpredictability of loss for a heterogeneous portfolio of given facilities consisting of 250 borrowers. For this purpose, based on the type of borrowed loans, borrowers are divided into three groups. Using the Monte Carlo simulation method, the probability of a loss in this portfolio is estimated, then the residue levels in each group of agents and the total amount of exposure are calculated. The findings showed that, considering the degree of freedom 2 for the distribution of the student's t-test related to the vector of hidden variables, the maximum probability of loss of credit portfolio Has been 11.01. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
137 - Numerical solution of second-order stochastic differential equations with Gaussian random parameters
R. Farnoosh H. Rezazadeh A. Sobhani D. Ebrahimibagha -
Open Access Article
138 - ON THE ALMOSTLY SURE CONVERGENCE OF THE SEQUENCE D_P,Q
Hamid Reza Moradi Einolah Deiri -
Open Access Article
139 - Land Suitability for soybean cultivation based on physiographic indices Case Study: Golestan province
Afrough Sadat BaniaghiL Ali Rahemi Karizaki Abbas Biabani Hsan FaramarziThe rapidly growing world population places considerable pressure on increasingly scarce natural resources, spurring the need to develop more efficient and sustainable agricultural production systems to feed these growing populations. this study to evaluate the agricult MoreThe rapidly growing world population places considerable pressure on increasingly scarce natural resources, spurring the need to develop more efficient and sustainable agricultural production systems to feed these growing populations. this study to evaluate the agricultural lands in Golestan province for soybeans, using Geographic Information System (GIS) and weighted linear method (WLC) was performed. For this purpose, the needs of the crop and environmental variable factors were determined and graded and according to current elements prepared required map. Studied Physiographic variables were consisted of slope, aspect, elevation and the soil texture. Data were standardized by fuzzy method, and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used for weighting the criteria. Finally, soybean cultivation potential map were prepared with using weighted linear combination (WLC) in the software IDRISI The results showed the highest amount weighty criteria by the Analytic Hierarchy Process in the soybean soil texture (0.5228) and elevation whit (0.0765) had the lowest coefficient in the rankings. Then zoning of lands carried out in 4 classes (high suitable, suitable, less suitable and non-suitable Generally results of the weighted linear combination of Physiographic showed that 11.08 and 37.60 percent of the lands for soybean production areas were located in high suitable and suitable zones. In addition, limiting factor of the soybean cultivation in the Golestan province can be cited soil texture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - An investigation on ecological properties and range seeding of Thymus trautvetteri Klokov as a medicinal species (Case study: Rangeland of Godali Salakh area in Bojnourd)
Ali mohammad AsaadiThymus trautvetteri, belonging to Lamiaceae family, is one of the most important medicinal plant in Iran. It has many uses in food, health care, cosmetics and especially in pharmaceutical industries. In order, this plant ecological characteristic for introduce and dense MoreThymus trautvetteri, belonging to Lamiaceae family, is one of the most important medicinal plant in Iran. It has many uses in food, health care, cosmetics and especially in pharmaceutical industries. In order, this plant ecological characteristic for introduce and dense cultivation on dryland artificial revegetation. This study was executed in rangeland and dryland artificial revegetation from 2018 to 2021 in Bojnourd. In this habitat, different parameters such as climate characters, physical and chemical analysis of the soil were determined. Phenological stages and some plant characteristics such as product, density, canopy cover, plant height and root system were studied. The results indicated that this plant could be adapted for regions with annual rainfall average of 295 mm, annual temperature average of 11.28 c and semiarid- cold climate. The most habitats of Thymus trautvetteri have dispersed in North Slope directions and altitude 1200- 1900 m of sea level in mountainous areas. The soil texture of habitat is mainly sandy loam with the pH=7.8, EC=1.0 ds/m, OC= 2.0% and 27.3% lime. In the site and dryland artificial revegetation, Average of canopy covers and production were 9.29, 61.6% and 227.7, 2465.4 kg in hectare respectively. The results of Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that among environmental factors, sand, silt, organic matter, EC, gravel and Nitrogen had significant correlations with the first set of factors and explained the 28.8% of variation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
141 - Investigateion The Effect of Macroeconomic Variables on the Demand for Life Insurance
F. NAzariThe aim of this study is to investigate the effect of macroeconomic variables on Iran life insurance demand in the period . We used ARDL Procedure to estimate the research model.The results show that the price of insurance and life expectancy in long-term has significan MoreThe aim of this study is to investigate the effect of macroeconomic variables on Iran life insurance demand in the period . We used ARDL Procedure to estimate the research model.The results show that the price of insurance and life expectancy in long-term has significantly positive effect on the demand for life insurance and financial development and inflation expectations in long-term has significant negative effect on the demand for life insurance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
142 - The effect of macroeconomic variables on total efficiency of the securities market Approach using state - space
A. Hortamani M. Karimkhani M. AbdoliOne of the important issues of Economic and financial researchers are the issue of the effect of economic variables on stock market performance. Because investors have different combinations of cash in their portfolios of financial assets, Shares, bank deposits, bonds, MoreOne of the important issues of Economic and financial researchers are the issue of the effect of economic variables on stock market performance. Because investors have different combinations of cash in their portfolios of financial assets, Shares, bank deposits, bonds, Gold and currency are Maintain Changes in monetary, exchange rate, inflation and interest rates, Individuals, demand is affected to hold each of assets including demand for the stock. This in turn affects the equities. It is believed that the price of the stock by some fundamental economic variables such a Inflation rate, exchange rate, interest rate and liquidity, are determined. In this study, the effects of three important economic variables, such as inflation, money supply, exchange rate returns on the market index is investigated. Period of time between contract research (2007-2012) and using a state - space have been analyzed. State-space model is a useful tool for dynamic system state variables are unobserved the results of the econometric models used to study space - the show. There is no Significant and positive relationship between inflation and the liquidity and efficiency of the stock exchange. Also there is significant negative correlation between the rate of return on the stock exchange there. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
143 - The Habitat Suitability Modeling of Mountain Racerunner (Eremias montanus) in Western Zagros, Iran
علیرضا محمدی نصرالله رستگارپویانی محمود کرمی عمار رهبرMountain racerunner (Eremias montanus) of Lacertidea family is a native species (Endemic) Zagros Mountains, which so far only in a limited area of Hamadan and Kermanshah provinces is reported. This species low population and low distribution terms of the conservation ar MoreMountain racerunner (Eremias montanus) of Lacertidea family is a native species (Endemic) Zagros Mountains, which so far only in a limited area of Hamadan and Kermanshah provinces is reported. This species low population and low distribution terms of the conservation area is an important. In this study , that from during spring , summer and fall while starting activity species after hibernation done, taba was to investigate variables related to species habitat suitable habitat are identified and modeled . In sampling stager at observation point in path of the line transect habitat parameters and presence and absence of species were recorded. Based on 75 plot in the presence and absence of plote was harvested. Binary Logistic Regression was performed to develop the distribution model of the Mountain racerunner according to habitat variabla. Finally, the significant parameters in this model were amount of vegetation, amount of Rocky and stony, aspect, slop and heigh. Based on the result, suitable habitat for Eremias montanus was considered as all the high mountain area and steep habitat with dense shrub cover. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
144 - Spatial changes of soil fertility factors in pure shrublands of the central plateau of Iran
Nafiseh Roohollahi seyed akbar javadi Mohamad Jafary محمدعلی زارع چاهوکیShrubs with diverse ecological functions cover a large area of arid and semi-arid lands. Evaluation of changes in soil properties in shrublands can be effective in understanding the ecological relationships of these biomes and their nutritional status for land managemen MoreShrubs with diverse ecological functions cover a large area of arid and semi-arid lands. Evaluation of changes in soil properties in shrublands can be effective in understanding the ecological relationships of these biomes and their nutritional status for land management. In this research, the spatial changes of soil fertility characteristics based on patch structure and open spaces between patches were studied in pure shrubs including Artemisia sieberi, Scariola orientalis and Astragalus myriacanthus types located in the ari lands of the central plateau of Iran. The evaluation of soil yield characteristics and soil quality was investigated by selecting the reference open space between the patches and recording the morphological characteristics of the patches to study the relationship between them. The results showed that the properties of organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and soil quality index (SQI) had the most significant changes between the type of shrubland and in the space between patches in each type (P<0.01). The highest value of the soil quality index was related to the under canopy in A. myriacanthus type and was equal to 0.87, and the lowest value was related to the central point of the open space in A. sieberi type and was equal to 0.22. The functional characteristics of plants such as biomass, height and canopy showed the highest correlation with the spatial distribution of elements and soil fertility factors in the open space areas (P<0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
145 - The Effects of Age, Gender, and Experience on Grit, Anxiety, and Commitment of Kurdish EFL Secondary School Teachers
Bahroz Mawlood Jaleh Hassaskhah Hezha AbdallahThis mixed methods study examined the effects of three demographic variables, namely, grit, anxiety, and commitment, on Kurdish EFL teachers in Sulaimani Province secondary schools. To this end, using snowball purposive sampling, 73 Kurdish EFL secondary school teachers MoreThis mixed methods study examined the effects of three demographic variables, namely, grit, anxiety, and commitment, on Kurdish EFL teachers in Sulaimani Province secondary schools. To this end, using snowball purposive sampling, 73 Kurdish EFL secondary school teachers, 42 male and 31 female, aged between 22 and 50 with an experience range between 1 to 28 years, participated in the study and completed the questionnaire. Expanding the quantitative results, interviews with 10 participants were conducted to further the information and support the quantitative results. Descriptive statistics were utilized to analyze the quantitative data, specifically, the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), independent sample t-test, and Pearson’s correlation. A thematic analysis was conducted for the collected interview data. The quantitative findings indicated that age, gender, and experience significantly affected Kurdish EFL secondary school teachers’ grit, anxiety, and commitment. Results of the qualitative data revealed that Kurdish EFL secondary school teachers consistently pursue their educational goals and show unwavering persistence in the face of challenges. They also handle their anxiety by compartmentalizing personal issues and controlling their impulses to maintain a positive teaching environment, reflecting their understanding of the importance of teaching and their interest in developing their students. Lastly, Kurdish EFL secondary school teachers exhibit high levels of commitment to both the educational community and institutional standards, even when challenges appear. The results of this study are beneficial for policymakers, English language teachers, and also EFL learners. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
146 - check the status of primary school teachers motivation and its relation to the demographic characteristics year 2013-2014 in Andimesh city
afshin miri hammid farhadi rad abdollah parsaThis study was investigated to "check the status of primary school teachers motivation and its relation to the demographic characteristics year 2013-2014 in Andimesh city . “Methods of this research is describable – survey. The population includes all of ele MoreThis study was investigated to "check the status of primary school teachers motivation and its relation to the demographic characteristics year 2013-2014 in Andimesh city . “Methods of this research is describable – survey. The population includes all of elementary teachers in Andimishek that they’re about 380 people that choose 191 people random as sample. For collecting information was used one kind of questioner That is based 4 rate Likert to evaluate job motivation of teachers with 11 questions. Stability of questioner with Cronbach’s Alpha formula about is 0.95. Tool’s vitality approved by honorable experts and professors of university. A collected givens analyzed with utilization of descriptive statistics similar average, standard deviation, Frequency, percentage and also deduction statistics similar independent T-test , One-sample t test and Analysis of variance . Results demonstrated that Teachers motivation was very low and Among the demographic variables, gender and level of education had a significant relationship with job motivation, but the job motivation of teachers based on the degree and work experience, no significant difference was not found. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
147 - Personality types of stock market investors and their impact on managerial decisions: a study using agent-based simulation.
Seyed Farhad Gooran Heydari Abbas Toloui eshlaghi Ahmad Ebrahimi Mohammad Reza MotadelGiven the complexities of the economy and considering the influential role of financial markets on the economy, as well as the importance of the economy for the country and society, methods and tools that can effectively and efficiently assess, predict, control, and gui MoreGiven the complexities of the economy and considering the influential role of financial markets on the economy, as well as the importance of the economy for the country and society, methods and tools that can effectively and efficiently assess, predict, control, and guide the market and economy in a manner accessible to policymakers such as the Ministry of Economy and Finance, Securities and Exchange Organization, Central Bank, High Council of Stock Exchange, or Ministry of Industry, will be in a special position. This effectiveness and efficiency are achieved when attention to hidden layers of system relationships such as collective human behavior, which adds to the complexity of the market and economy, is not overlooked. In the present study, by employing the capacities of agent-based simulation in a mixed-method research, human behavior is combined using quantitative and qualitative methods and simulation technology as the third method of scientific research, in addition to comparative and inductive approaches. The research is descriptive and applied, and agent-to-agent simulations of real market players in NetLogo software with modeling the market, validation using Rust and Rand tests, and sensitivity analysis using the Borgonovo approach have been conducted. The results of the study indicate a direct relationship between investors' risk tolerance and stock market returns and the overall stock market index growth. With the prediction made in the designed model, in addition to risk type, the possibility of assessing and monitoring other behavioral characteristics of investors, as well as with consideration of the definition of other factors for other active market players, the study of their behavior's impact on the overall index and other important indicators is also available. Therefore, in this study, for the first time, the influence of the behaviors of macroeconomic variables on the behavior of all players present in the stock market was modeled and simulated using agent-based simulation capacities. Manuscript profile
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