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Open Access Article
1 - Designing a Model for Compiling Information Technology Roadmap. (Case Study: Implementing of Dedicated and organizational Virtual Bank in Mobarakeh Steel Company)
Aliakbar Khormooji Amirreza Naghsh Akbar Etebarian Khorasgani Reza Ebrahimzadeh DastjerdiBackground: this research has been done in the field of technology roadmapping. The secondary area of this research is the field of information technology.Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify the key indicators of information technology in organization a MoreBackground: this research has been done in the field of technology roadmapping. The secondary area of this research is the field of information technology.Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify the key indicators of information technology in organization and then to formulate a generic method to create an information technology roadmap.Methods: The main methodology of this study was mixed-method exploration based on tool formulation. the final statistical sample consists of a panel of 30 experts in the related fields at Mobarakeh Steel Company. In the qualitative phase, the research started with interviews. then, In the quantitative phase, the Delphi method was used in the panel of experts and then the IPA was used.findings: In the qualitative phase, 98 primary indicators, either current or future, were extracted in 4 key components of IT field for virtual bank implementation. In the quantitative phase and after performing the Delphi Rounds, 50 information technology indicators, were finalized. After the importance-performance analysis, 9 gaps in 3components were identified. These gaps used in the formulation of the final IT roadmap.Conclusion: In order to implement technology projects in an organization, at first, the roadmap must be developed. since no specific methodology has been provided for the development of IT roadmap, so this research has introduced a unique, innovative, localized and operational methodology, (based on the main methods of foresight), to develop an IT roadmap, that can easily meet the needs of researchers and academicians in the field of IT roadmapping. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - The Study of Export – Import Factor Content in Iran Economy
اکبر Komijani بیژن BaseriThe present study examines the factor content of export- import in Iranian economy in period 1365, 1370 and 1373. The main hypotheseis is that the capacity of export in Job- Creation is more than the import in various activities between 1365 and 1373. The methodology of MoreThe present study examines the factor content of export- import in Iranian economy in period 1365, 1370 and 1373. The main hypotheseis is that the capacity of export in Job- Creation is more than the import in various activities between 1365 and 1373. The methodology of this study is based on the input –output analysis and the constant price of 1361. The findings show that the agricultureal activities, textiles, internal trade, wood industry and food processing are more labor- intensive. In addition, when we moved away from 1365 year, the cofficeint shoes that capital- labor ratios have decreased in different activities. In other words, producers have managed to utilize the capital in an manner as an appropriate manner as a result of exchange rate reforms policies and credit allocation decisions. However, the export activities of the various economic sector have used the labor force advantages during the period of analysis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - A Study on the Lighting Equipment in Qajar Era and the Impact of Modernity on its Development
Khatereh Fahimi Mahtab MobiniThe process of designing and producing the lighting devices continues, almost uniform, from Ancient Persia to the Islamic era and the artists tried to take advantage of the earlier generations experience, in terms of creating more improvement equipment in design and dec MoreThe process of designing and producing the lighting devices continues, almost uniform, from Ancient Persia to the Islamic era and the artists tried to take advantage of the earlier generations experience, in terms of creating more improvement equipment in design and decoration. Qajar era was the last period of using the traditional lighting equipment before the development of modern technologies and also a turning point in the evolution and development of these devices as a result of encountering Iranian traditional society to the industrial aspect of the West. Eventually, with the arrival of gas and electricity in the late thirteenth century AH, most of these items were either supplanted or were transformed into decorative tool. Based on the primary sources, the present paper studies the types of lighting equipment since ancient time and their survival and development during the Qajar period as well as the customs and crafts associated with them, by exploring the Astan-i-Quds and Astan-i-Qum treasuries References Safar Nāma- yi Aḍud al- Mulk bih Atabāt, Revised by Hasan Morsalvand, Tehran, Mawʾassisa- yi Pazhūhish wa Muṭāliʿāt-i Farhangī, 1370/ 1991. Bakhtiar, Amir Hooshang, "Manṣab-i čirāgh- čī- Bāshī Dar Atabāt-i Āliyyāt", Tarīkh-i Islām, No. 15, Fall 1382/ 2003. Brugsch, Heinrich , Safarī bih Darbār-i Sulṭān-i Ṣāḥibiḳarān, trans. HoseinKordbacheh, Tehran, Ettelaat Publication, 1368/ 1989. Fehervari, Geza, Ceramics of Islamic World in the Tareq Rajab Museum, New York, I.B. Tauris & co Ltd, 2000/ 1379. Floor, Willem, Ṣanāyi- i Kuhan dar Dawra- yi Ḳādjār, Traditional Crafts in Qajar Iran (1800-1925), trans. Ali- Reza Baharlou, Tehran, Piykara, 1393/ 2014. Guzārish- hā- yi Naẓmiyya az Maḥallāt-i Ṭihrān (Tehran), Rāpūrt-i WaḳāyiMukhtalifa Maḥallat- i Dār al- Khilāfat (1305- 1303 AH), Revised by Ensiyeh Sheykh Rezaee & Shahla Azari, Vol. 1, Tehran, National Library of Iran, 1377/ 1998. Khurāsān Dar Asnād Amīn al- Ḍarb (Sāl- hā- yi 1351- 1282 AH), Under Guidanse of Iraj Afshar, Revised by Narges Pedram & Mozhdeh Mahdavi, Tehran, Thurayyā, 1390/ 2011. Mūnis al- Dawla, Khāṭirāt- i Mūnis al- Dawla Nadīma- yi Ḥaram Sarā- yi Nāṣir al - Dīn Shāh, Revised by Sirus Sedvendiyan, Tehran, Zarrīn, 1380/ 2001. Mustawfī, ʿAbdallāh, Sharḥ-i Zindigānī- yi Man, Tarīkh- i Idjtimāī wa Idārī- yi Dawra - yi Ḳādjāriyya, Vol.1, Tehran, Zawwār, 1377/ 1998. Nadjmī, Nāṣir, Ṭihrān- i(Tehran) Aṣr- i Nāṣirī, Tehran, ʿAttār, 1364/ 1985. Shahri, Jafar, Tarīkh-i Idjtimāī- yi Tehran dar Ḳarn- i Sīzdah- hum: Zindigī, Kasb wa Kār, Tehran, Rasā, 1368/ 1989. Shishegar, Arman, "Bārfatan", Dānish-nāma-yi Djahān-i Islām, Mostafa Mir-Salim (as supervisor), Tehran, The Center For The Great Islamic Encyclopedia, 1375/ 1996. Wills ,Charles James, Tarīkh- i Idjtimāī Iran Dar Ahd- i Ḳadjāriyya (Persia as it is : being sketches of modern Persian life and character), Revised by Jamshid Dodange & Mehrdad Niknam, Tehran, Zarrīn, 1363/ 1984. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Sagbān Developments in the Ottoman Administration
حسن حضرتی طاهره باباییSagbān or Sekban as one of the court jobs were allocated a special placein the hunting sector in Iranian states and Ottoman. This term in the Ottomanadministration -as compared with the administration of other states - is moreprominent and There was many changes in this MoreSagbān or Sekban as one of the court jobs were allocated a special placein the hunting sector in Iranian states and Ottoman. This term in the Ottomanadministration -as compared with the administration of other states - is moreprominent and There was many changes in this term. According to the needsand conditions of the Ottoman administration, the sagbāns in addition to thecourt fuctions, has used as military force and also their court duties Wasforgotten over time. With the continuing militarization of Segbans, this termbe synonymous with Warrior or Soldier and was used exclusively in militaryaffairs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Prioritization of Policies Human Resource Development Policy Model of Iranian Governmental Organizations Based on Results of ImportancePerformance Gap Analysis
Ali Mostafa Roozbeh kaveh timorneghad محمد رضا ربیعی مندجینContext: For nearly three decades the human resources that are attracted to the government will be at the service of the government. Understanding the priorities of the HRD policy model will greatly contribute to the success of government education and development progr MoreContext: For nearly three decades the human resources that are attracted to the government will be at the service of the government. Understanding the priorities of the HRD policy model will greatly contribute to the success of government education and development programs. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to prioritize the HR policies based on the analysis of the gap between importance and performance from the perspective of target population. Methodology: Quantitative data were collected through a questionnaire by stratified random sampling and Cochran formula. The research is a cross-sectional descriptive survey and analyzed by SPSS 22 software and dependent t-test. Findings: Out of fifteen general policies analyzed, five policies at the first level of importance, seven policies at the second priority, and three policies at the third priority. On the other hand, by incorporating the influence coefficient of each policy, redesigning the system of training of government employees using the rational decision mechanism becomes more important. Conclusion: The necessity of redesigning the system of training of government employees by using rational decision-making mechanism based on human resources development approach can be considered as the most important macro policies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - The effect of sensory architecture components on increasing the level of routing and finding people with disabilities in railway transportation station spaces. (Case study: Mehrabad Airport Metro Station)
sanaz haghshenas Nasim KhanlooDesigning the rail transport station spaces to facilitate routing is a crucial and complex responsibility in architecture. Some problems in the design of these spaces are the biggest obstacles to the presence of disabled individuals . in social activities. The present s MoreDesigning the rail transport station spaces to facilitate routing is a crucial and complex responsibility in architecture. Some problems in the design of these spaces are the biggest obstacles to the presence of disabled individuals . in social activities. The present study was aimed investigate and explain the role of sensory-based architecture components in routing-orientation of railway transport station spaces, as an approach in promoting and facilitating this process for the disabled. The methodology of the research was descriptive-analytical and correlation. The research area is Tehran metro stations and its statistical population was station users. The research sample was Mehrabad airport station and 246 users of this station were selected using purposive random sampling. The data were collected by both library and field methods. The components that facilitate routing-orientation and their instances were identified and extracted through the study and review of theoretical discussions on the research issue and face-to-face and semi-structured interviews with 20 experts. The data collection instrument was a researcher-made illustrated questionnaire. The questionnaire was developed by creating specific sensory conditions. The results showed that the motor components with a coefficient (0.810) had the highest impact in facilitating the routing process of disabled individuals. Physical components with coefficient (0.532), visual components with coefficient (0.460) and important signs with coefficient (0.271), also had a positive and significant effect on the routing orientation process of the people with disability. It was found that the most influential were the motor components, which indicate that routing depends on horizontal and vertical communication elements and how these elements are combined in the design of the routing process. Thus, the circulation system should be designed as its elements can be easily identified and designed based on the movement patterns of people with different abilities based on sensory components. In this regard, visual and informational emphasis on the location of stairs, elevators and their placement is of great importance. Design hierarchies and how to combine routes and intersections, nodes in them, how to access the outside, input and output, etc. , designing spaces with characters with special sensory characteristics (such as nostalgic sensory station design, child-oriented sensory station, elderly-oriented sensory station, memory-based sensory station, etc.),design the routes of intercity and suburban travel converter stations to understand the levels and platforms of passengers ‘ route change and entry and exit routes by understanding the geographical location of the ground to reduce the confusion sense of passengers (airport-railway), emphasis on designing each station uniquely and avoidance of repetition in designs and use of various materials for each station, etc. can be good solutions. Physical and visual components have a significant impact on facilitating the routing process. In station spaces that are mainly designed in the basement or closed spaces, the central openings (void, atrium, central courtyard, etc.) as intermediate and key destinations can be an important factor in marking and reducing distractions and can lead to better navigation and orientation. Various architectural visual components such as light, color, shape can be used to emphasize routing goals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Inference for generalized inverse exponential distribution based on generalized hybrid Progressive censored data and its application to plasma spray data
parya parviz hanieh panahi saeid AsadiIn many applied research, the researcher does not have access to all the data for some reasons such as time and cost constraints. So, the statistical inference based on the available data is important. In this paper, estimation of unknown parameters of a generalized inv MoreIn many applied research, the researcher does not have access to all the data for some reasons such as time and cost constraints. So, the statistical inference based on the available data is important. In this paper, estimation of unknown parameters of a generalized inverted exponential distribution is studied under generalized Type II progressive hybrid censoring. The maximum likelihood estimators and their existence and uniqueness are investigated. Based on the Bayesian approach, the estimators of the shape and scale parameters are derived under squared error loss function. Since closed - form expressions for the Bayes estimators cannot be obtained, we use Lindley’s approximation and important sampling procedure for obtaining them. Simulation study for comparing the different classical and Bayesian estimations is presented. Finally, two real data sets contain oblique impact of micro droplets onto surface in plasma spray coating process and repair time for a communication transmitter are analyzed for illustration purposes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Spillover Effect the on Contest Import & Export oriented industries
Hashem Nikoomaram Zahra Pourzamani Abdolmajid DehghanThis research is about Spillover Effect The On Contest Import & Export oriented industries. So the Import & Export oriented industries spillover from parallel markets (currency and gold) has been evaluated. For this purpose 2 methods, VAR and MGARCH were applied MoreThis research is about Spillover Effect The On Contest Import & Export oriented industries. So the Import & Export oriented industries spillover from parallel markets (currency and gold) has been evaluated. For this purpose 2 methods, VAR and MGARCH were applied. Daily data (from october 2007 to August 2013) and examined using Eviews software. In aspect of model representation, this research is a development research and in aspect of method and nature is correlation.Results confirm spillover of Export oriented industries from currency. In other word main research hypothesis that explains Export oriented industries is affected from parallel markets, but This Results don’t confirm spillover of Export oriented industries from gold market, finally other Results don’t confirm spillover import oriented industries from currency and gold market. Side result of research demonstrates a positive and bilateral relation between currency and gold market in research period Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Analysis of the role of research and development and the volume of imports on agricultural total factor productivity in Iran
علی باقرزاده اکبر کمیجانیAccording to development economists in the modern theory of economic growth, total factor productivity is affected by domestic research and development costs .It also depends on the accumulation of foreign R & D and the volume of imports. According to the results of MoreAccording to development economists in the modern theory of economic growth, total factor productivity is affected by domestic research and development costs .It also depends on the accumulation of foreign R & D and the volume of imports. According to the results of this research, total factor productivity in agriculture of Iran's is dependent on domestic and foreign R & D expenditures and the volume of imports from Partners. For this purpose, a model of agricultural total factor productivity to Iran with the help of ARDL econometrics approach and the time series between 1980 - 2010 was estimated. The results showed that effect of domestic research expenditures on agricultural productivity is less than of foreign investment in research and development. In this study, intermediate inputs and goods imports have a positive and significant impact on agricultural TFP in the long-term. Climatic conditions as a symbol of rain, has a positive effect on agricultural total factor productivity. Based on this model, it is suggested that a significant proportion of GDP allocated to domestic agricultural research. Furthermore, it is essential that agricultural imports from countries with a high volume of research and development to be done to enhance the size of productivity in this sector. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - The Effects of Internal R&D Efforts and Intermediate - Capital Imports on Value added in Iranian provincial Industries
Manijeh Taghilou-Barzelaghi Gholamhosein Rahnomay Garamaleki Hasan hoseinzadeh Monireh DizajiIn this study we used an endogenous growth model including expenditures on R&D and imported intermediate goods as independent variables to investigate the effect of these activities on value added of selected industries indifferent Iranian provinces for the period o MoreIn this study we used an endogenous growth model including expenditures on R&D and imported intermediate goods as independent variables to investigate the effect of these activities on value added of selected industries indifferent Iranian provinces for the period of 1995-2010.Using panel data our study indicates that internal R&D and imported intermediate goods lead to adaptation of more advance technology and hence increasing the value added per unit of inputs and improving the competitive ability of the industry. JEL classification: O14, O33, F14, C23 Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - The Examination of adjustment policies effects on economic growth in Iran
تقی ترابی سکینه صفریIn examining of adjustment policies on economic growth and with using indicators of external and internal equilibrium and the reform of motivations and economic institutes was cleared that the government policies for obtain internal equilibrium have no significant MoreIn examining of adjustment policies on economic growth and with using indicators of external and internal equilibrium and the reform of motivations and economic institutes was cleared that the government policies for obtain internal equilibrium have no significant effect on economic growth while the non oil exprot , the ratio of private investment to GDP and the quality variable of economic liberalization have positive effects on economic growth.Since the efficiency of private investment is graeter than to the efficiency of public investment, thus continuing the trend of privatization is seen desirable. The coefficient of liberalization dumy variable is positive but real exchange rate and average import tariff rate coefficients have no significant effect on the economic growth. Thus supply side policies are preferred than to exchange rate reforms. Also using tariff instrument considering to the comparative advantage of commodities under long-run strategies as a component of economic adjustment policies is suggested and must be preferred liberalization policies than to privatization policies and it’s necessary to provide required beds to increase the corporation of private sector. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - The Role of the Rashidian Brothers in the Development of Iranian Cinema (1945-1979)
Mahnaz Mohammadi Mohammad Kalhor Fereshteh Sadat Ettefaghfar -
Open Access Article
13 - The Effect of Exchange Rate Uncertainty on Import with TARCH Approach
Teimour Mohammadi Mehdi Taghavi Abolghasem Bandidarian -
Open Access Article
14 - The effect of social media adoption on importing clothes firms’ performance (Case Study: Instagram)
Nahal Khodadi rahim mohtaram masoumeh jafariNowadays, social media has become a new and important skill for everyone, and even for those who do not have much understanding of technology. In recent years, the world wide access to the media and social has drawn modern societies and business attention to it, and the MoreNowadays, social media has become a new and important skill for everyone, and even for those who do not have much understanding of technology. In recent years, the world wide access to the media and social has drawn modern societies and business attention to it, and they are enjoying significant popularity, especially among younger generations. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the social media of Instagram on the function of clothing importer companies. The method of this study was survey and descriptive-applied in terms of its purpose. The research population was the research of the customers of the clothing importer companies at Instagram, such as Jean West and Cotton, who, according to the Cochran formula, participated in the research for unlimited societies of 384 people. Random sampling method was available and they completed questionnaires on the level of social media competence of Instagram, social media adoption, intention to use the Instagram and the performance of the importing companies. The questionnaires are classified according to the five-point Likert scale. Also, the results obtained from the Cronbach's alpha coefficient show the acceptable reliability of the tools. To investigate the normality of the data, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, factor analysis was used to confirm the validity of the questions and to identify the key factors of each component and the model of the structural equation model to investigate the fit of the research model with the collected data. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - The Influence of Product Involvement on Brand Loyalty
H. R. Saeidnia S. JamalinejadBrand loyalty is a fundamental concept in strategic marketing. Companies plan marketing strategies to increase brand loyalty, maintain their market share, and garner higher profits. Having a large number of loyal customers helps the organization decrease MoreBrand loyalty is a fundamental concept in strategic marketing. Companies plan marketing strategies to increase brand loyalty, maintain their market share, and garner higher profits. Having a large number of loyal customers helps the organization decrease marketing costs and gain competitive advantages. Loyal customers are an asset for a brand and have been identified as a major determinant of brand equity. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of product involvement on brand loyalty using Kapferer and Laurent’s Consumer Involvement Profile (CIP). A total of 270 usable questionnaires were collected from students of I.A.U. Tehran Science and Research Branch University. In this study, a cell phone was selected as the product, and Structural Equation Model (SEM) was used to analyze results. It was found that product involvement has a positive effect on brand loyalty and that brand loyalty is affected by all dimensions of product involvement. Interest and hedonic value, sign value, and risk importance positively affect brand loyalty, while risk probability and brand loyalty have a significant and reversed relationship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Application of OPA Methods and Significance-Performance Analysis for Prioritization as Well as the Native Model Analysis on Financial Performance of Cement Companies Improvement Based on Management Accounting Tools: A Cross-binding Approach
Akram Kazerooni Mostafa Ghasemi bahram barzegarThis research is an exploratory mixed study aimed at using OPA methods and analyzing importance-performance to prioritize and analyze the native pattern for improving financial performance among cement companies based on management accounting tools. The population and s MoreThis research is an exploratory mixed study aimed at using OPA methods and analyzing importance-performance to prioritize and analyze the native pattern for improving financial performance among cement companies based on management accounting tools. The population and statistical sample of this study are financial managers of 40 cement companies accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange and Securities. In the first step of model design, 27 management accounting tools with review of research literature were identified. In addition, using Delphi and KENDALL techniques and constants, 24 instruments were selected and divided into 5 general groups (means of financing, budgeting, long-term planning, performance evaluation and deciding for investment). The results of structural equation modeling showed that the effect of all five categories on financial performance is significant and positive. According to the results of the OPA approach, "New Costing Techniques, Economic Added Value, Cost Allocation Techniques, Profitability Index and Net Present Value" ranked 1-5, respectively. The results of importance-performance analysis techniques showed that although total quality management, quality expenditure, new costing techniques and balanced scorecard are of high importance, but in practice these organizations have not received attention and therefore organizations should concentrate on them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Study on Trade Restrictiveness of Agricultural Policies in Iran
G. Norouzi R. Moghaddasi S. Yazdani -
Open Access Article
18 - Undeveloped Imports and Exports of Iran and Russia in the Qajar era (1174-1304 AD)
mahmood seyyed majid golmohamadiDuring the Qajar period, Iran was not impressive enough to modernize its old structures, familiarize itself with the economy and industry, and the progress made in importing and exporting. The weakness of the economic structure has made it unrivaled in the international MoreDuring the Qajar period, Iran was not impressive enough to modernize its old structures, familiarize itself with the economy and industry, and the progress made in importing and exporting. The weakness of the economic structure has made it unrivaled in the international economy, but its proper trading position has expanded its relationship with Russia. In this research, we tried to examine the structure of the development of import and export with the Russian Federation during this period by using the documents of the Qajar period. In this article, we have tried to analyze the reasons for the replacement of Iranian imports and exports and the factors that put Iran at the forefront of dependence and backwardness. Is the development of the import and export of Iran and Russia due to the incorrect policies of the Qajar governments or the subsequent governments? According to the research findings of colonial governments, including Russia in the nineteenth century, by limiting the activity of Iranian capitalists in important industrial fields, establishing industrial dependence and limiting imports and exports, bankrupt the domestic industry, pushing the country's economy toward raw materials production, and Depriving Iran of a significant portion of oil revenues over a long period of time plays an important role in Iran's lack of industrial development. Although the Qajars were the cause of Iran's industrial depletion, post-Qajar governments also played a major role in Iran's lack of industrial development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - A Quick View on Customs and Smuggling Goods in the Second half of the Nineteenth Century and its Impact on National Development in Iran
Fayyaz Zahed Hoda Mousavi -
Open Access Article
20 - Harry Gordon Frankfurt on Love
ندا مسلمی مالک حسینیHarry Frankfurt construes a different conception of love. He does notrecognize love as a response to the perceived worth of the beloved,because one may love something with no value at all. In contrast to thecommon belief that only valuable things are to be loved, Frankf MoreHarry Frankfurt construes a different conception of love. He does notrecognize love as a response to the perceived worth of the beloved,because one may love something with no value at all. In contrast to thecommon belief that only valuable things are to be loved, Frankfurtargues that we, by loving anything we want, make valuable what welove. Anything we love will necessarily be valuable to us because welove it. Frankfurt believes self-love to be the purest form of love. Weall see self-love as one of the goods that we care about. Love has fourmain necessary features. First, love is a disinterested concern for thewell-being of what is loved. Second, love is personal and there cannotbe an alternative for the beloved. Third, the lover identifies her or himwith her or his beloved; that is, they take the interests of their belovedas their own. Finally, love requires volitional necessities and we cannotchoose what to love. By loving we always pursue the final end, an endwhich has intrinsic value for us; it is valuable for its own sake, andthat’s why we always know which way to take and which desires tofollow. With love; then, we will not be affected with mental confusion;instead, we will feel a sense of freedom. The present article discussesHarry Frankfurt̉ s view on concept, significance and characteristics oflove. In spite of having a description format, the article includes inconclusion critics on Frankfurt̉ s view. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Assessing The Importance of Quality of Urban Life Indicators in Tehran; from perspective of managers and specialists in urban management
حسین وظیفه دوست مهدی امینیThis research reviews the global studies and experiences in quality of urban life and identifies different indicators drawn from different experiences from various space and time. Then, theses indicators are examined by a number of Tehran's managers and experts in urban MoreThis research reviews the global studies and experiences in quality of urban life and identifies different indicators drawn from different experiences from various space and time. Then, theses indicators are examined by a number of Tehran's managers and experts in urban management in terms of importance. It is in fact tried to review indicators and common categories of the sense of quality of urban life and present some local indicators and categories that suit the political and administrative conditions of the urban management system in Iran and in Tehran Metropolis. It is hoped that using the local indicators in the future, we could be able to monitor and measure the quality of life Iranian and Tehran citizens. In this study, among a total of 114 indicators and 16 major groups of these indicators, 93 indicators in 14 categories, (main indicators) were classified as local indicators for measuring and monitoring the level of quality of urban life of citizens in Tehran (Iran). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - investigation of land cover changes using remote sensing technique (Case study: Katalan unit)
Maryam Nazemi jalal Marzieh Alikhah-Asl Elham ForootanBackground and Objective: Updated and correct information is necessary for using and optimized managing of a land. Land cover map is one of the most important information resources in natural resource management. The goal of this research is to provide Katalan land cove MoreBackground and Objective: Updated and correct information is necessary for using and optimized managing of a land. Land cover map is one of the most important information resources in natural resource management. The goal of this research is to provide Katalan land cover map for investigating land use changes during 12 years in this area. Material and Methodology: For this purpose, satellite images such as Landsat ETM 2001 and OLI 2013 were used after performing necessary corrections whereas; GPS and topographic maps were implemented for surveying fields and gathering trained samples. Land cover maps were provided using supervised classification method with maximum likelihood algorithm. Findings: The results of this study revealed that the study area comprises six classes viz. irrigated farm land, rainfed farm land, bare land, rock stone, range land and mine class. The overall accuracy and kappa coefficient for 2013 map were estimated 86.11% and 0.82, respectively and theses values for 2001 land use map were 78.26%, and 0.71, respectively. Discussion and Conclusions: The results of this research revealed that the class of farm land, bare land and range land were increased 1.84%, 1.29%, and 1.21%from 2001 to 2013, and the class of rock stone and rainfed farmland were decreased 5.09%, and 0 .62%, respectively. Also, there was not mine class in 2001 but this class was 1.36% equivalent to 49.3939 hectare of the whole area in 2013. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Forest types studying using ecological indices (Case study: Maroon side of Behbahan)
Elahe Hekmatzadeh Reza Basiri Shahram Yousefi Maleehe MozayyanBackground and Objective: Sustainable management of renewable natural resources has special importance and sensitivity in Iran. Identify elements of the forest including forest types, is the most consistent way to manage natural resources and especially forests. River f MoreBackground and Objective: Sustainable management of renewable natural resources has special importance and sensitivity in Iran. Identify elements of the forest including forest types, is the most consistent way to manage natural resources and especially forests. River forests are important areas for preserving biodiversity and ensuring the sustainability of the forest ecosystem. On this principle, it is necessary to know and understand the state of the structure of these forests and the types of trees in them and to know the evolutionary process of forest ecosystems before any planning. The aim of this study is forests typing of Maroon riverbank. Material and Methodology: 116 plots were chosen with an area of 100 using a systematic random sampling method with dimensions of grid for the study area. In each plot, tree and shrub species, canopy cover in the area of plot were estimated and recorded according to Braun-Blanquet scale corrected. Various parameters such as frequency, abundance and density were calculated. Through the sum of the above three relative parameters, the IVI index was obtained for each species. In order to compare the degree of similarity between types, Sorenson's similarity index was used. Relative abundance values for each species in pure and mixed types were set on a 10-unit scale and divided into four specific groups. After determining the tree types of the area, their map was drawn through IDW interpolation method in GIS10.1 software. Findings: In pure type, Tamarix ramosissima and Populus euphratica, with the highest and lowest frequency (6.7 and 3.3) are indicated as high and low respectively. In general, three types were found including pure, mixed with two and three species. The most amount of Sorenson similarity index was determined between two types of Tamarix-Populus and Tamarix-Lycium (93%) and also Populus-Tamarix and Populus-Lycium (92%). The lowest similarity index value of 12% to 15% was observed between the Populus-Lysium-Tamarix type with pure Tamarix, Tamarix-Lysium, Tamarix-Populus and Populus-Tamarix types. Minimum and maximum maturity index was obtained for pure types (50%) and mixed types (79%), respectively. Pure types have low maturity and mixed types have high maturity. The maturity index for the entire region was 72%, which indicates high maturity. Discussion and Conclusion: The tree cover of the river forests of Maroon Behbahan were classified into pure and mixed types on a general scale. The number of two pure types of Tamarix and Populus and seven mixed types including four cases of two types and three cases of three types were obtained. Three species (Tamarix arceuthoides, Populus euphratica and Lycium Shawii) are generally important in the creation of regional types. Among the pure and mixed types, Tamarix was recognized as the most abundant species. The great similarity between pure Tamarix, Tamarix-Lycium and Tamarix-Populus types is due to the common and dominant presence of Tamarix in these types. A variety of different types in a limited area represents complex river ecosystems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Determination of Physical-Ecological Carrying Capacity of Coastal Tourism and its Effectiveness of Satisfaction of Tourists (Case Study: Bandar Gaz)
Keramatollah Ziari Mohammad Reza Rezvani sajad ferdowsiBackground and Objective: Carrying capacity is one of the issues which are considered the goals of sustainable tourism. Accordingly, present study was conducted to determine the physical-ecological carrying capacity of beach of Bandar Gaz and effectiveness of the touris MoreBackground and Objective: Carrying capacity is one of the issues which are considered the goals of sustainable tourism. Accordingly, present study was conducted to determine the physical-ecological carrying capacity of beach of Bandar Gaz and effectiveness of the tourists' satisfaction. Method: The method of data analysis in this research is descriptive and analytical. Data collected by the library and field observations and questionnaires. To determination of physical-ecological carrying capacity have been used from the instructions of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources and also to understand the satisfaction level of tourists due to expectations from service performance to have been used from analysis Importance-Performance. Results: Based on the results, it is estimated to physical carrying capacity 7089 people, real carrying capacity 3863 people and the effective carrying capacity 1880 people per day. The results of analysis Importance-Performance show that among 24 indicators studied, there are 8 indicators in the second quarter, 14 in the first quarter and 2 indicators in the third quarter. Conclusion: According to the analysis Importance-Performance indicators more than 50 percent in the first quarter, indicating that most indicators of the respondents' views are very important but the performance of destination management has been weak in this regard that whereby effective carrying capacity than real carrying capacity has fallen 48.66 percent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Explanation and comparison of Affecting Indices in Satisfaction of the Boys and Girls Aged 11 to 15 Years Old of Newly Built Residential Complexes (Case Study: Tonekabon Residential Townships)
mozhde sayadi sara shariatiBackground and Objective: Housing has various indices such as psychological, physical, personal, social, etc. These indices affect people's satisfaction with their residential complexes by two variables, age and gender. Nowadays, the construction of residential complexe MoreBackground and Objective: Housing has various indices such as psychological, physical, personal, social, etc. These indices affect people's satisfaction with their residential complexes by two variables, age and gender. Nowadays, the construction of residential complexes that do not fit the conditions of the users has caused people to be dissatisfied with their place of residence, which occurs in children in the form of psychological problems. Therefore, in designing residential complexes, paying attention to children's satisfaction is essential. In the present study, the identification and comparison of effecting indices in children's satisfaction with residential complexes disaggregated by gender is considered. Material and Methodology: This study is a developmental research which has been done using mixed (qualitative and quantitative), descriptive-correlational and causal-comparative method. The statistical population includes children aged 11-15 years living in residential complexes of Kaj, Karimabad and Aramesh newly built townships located in Tonekabon city. For a comparative evaluation, 100 girls and 100 boys were selected as the sample. After conducting theoretical studies and interviews with children, a theoretical framework was developed and two closed-ended and Likert scale questionnaires in the field of life satisfaction and important components of housing were used to collect information. Findings were analyzed using SPSS.19 software and Pearson, Friedman and T-Student correlation tests. Findings: Physical (neighboring unit and residential unit), environmental and individual indices based on the concrete and mental dimensions of the environment were identified with impact factors of 50.06, 6.9, 6.45 and 4.00, respectively. Boys and girls disagreed only in the components of recreational, sports and games and also the components of welfare, service, cultural and commercial with averages of 3.45, 3.36 and 2.66, 2.75, respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the results, there are very slight differences between the opinions of children in two sexes and the concrete-neighboring unit index has the greatest impact on their satisfaction. Therefore, designing the factors such as: suitable facade, yard, green space and various vegetation, environmental elements and furniture, open spaces, friendly and collective spaces, etc. is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - A Framework for Comparing Assessment Criteria of Environmental and Sustainability Rating Systems
Seyed Majid Mofidi Shemirani Mansoureh Tahbaz AYDA MEHRABANBackground and Objective: Nowadays, enviromental impact of buildings is assessed by several sustainability rating systems. Analyzing relative importance and prioritizing of assessment criteria, as the principal measures for rating systems, indicate the general trend of MoreBackground and Objective: Nowadays, enviromental impact of buildings is assessed by several sustainability rating systems. Analyzing relative importance and prioritizing of assessment criteria, as the principal measures for rating systems, indicate the general trend of those systems in accordance with three pillars of sustainability, i.e. environment, economics and society. Method: Having gathered data in the form of library-based study, this paper proposes a framework to compare and analyze the criteria of widely-used assessment systems, including BREEAM, LEED, CASBEE, DGNB and HQE. By chossing an analytical-comparative method, assessment criteria for 5 rating systems are explored and classified. In order to acquire the relative importance of each criterion, weigthing coefficients are adopted and the weighted percentages are calculated. Findings: The comparative framework organized by three principles of sustainability, mainly covers 11 categories including Energy, Water, Site, Environmental Loads, Material, Waste, Indoor Environmental Quality, Socio-cultural issues, Economics, Technical and Functional Quality and Sustainable Management. Sub-criteria of each category provide the possibility for evaluating rating systems sufficiency at the micro level. Discussion and Conclusion: Rating systems concepts and trends have a major role in organizing criteria structure. For example, DGNB, which has an assessment structure in compliance with the three principles of sustainable architecture, much of criteria are assigned to economic and social issues, while BREEAM, LEED and HQE, considered as first generation of rating systems, mostly deal with environmental issues. In the holistic systems such as DGNB and CASBE issues such as performance, technical capabilities and building service are generally highlighted, whereas atomistic systems such as BREEAM, LEED and HQE give importance to preservation of resources including energy, water, land, etc. However, in both systems, energy and indoor environment quality are significantly considered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Effect of exchange rate pass on Stock Returns in Tehran Stock Exchange
S. Abdolmajid Jalaee Hedyeh Mir Akbar RahimipoorExchange rates is one of the key factors in a small open economy and the rest of the world. Currency can macroeconomic variables such as prices of goods and services imports in the domestic market, the price of imported capital goods made in and will affect stock return MoreExchange rates is one of the key factors in a small open economy and the rest of the world. Currency can macroeconomic variables such as prices of goods and services imports in the domestic market, the price of imported capital goods made in and will affect stock returns. It is also one of the most important factors of economic growth and prosperity of the stock market, stock return. Accordingly, the main research question is whether the cross exchange rates will affect the performance of the shares on the Stock Exchange? To answer the first pass and then the OLS method to estimate the fixed exchange rate stipulated in the exchange rate of the passage there. The results show that the effect of exchange rate pass on stock returns is positive. Positive shocks due to the currency exchange and increase productivity and export companies in these companies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Evaluation the sustainability of agricultural activity in Iran: with emphasize on ecological footprint and actual land demand approach
Adeleh Esmaeeli Dastjerdi poor Hossein mehrabiboshabadiPopulation growth, changing pattern life, increasing migration to cities, low level of technology and limitation of convenience agricultural land and incorrect use of basic resources would intensify resources damage. While mention to natural resources and environment fo MorePopulation growth, changing pattern life, increasing migration to cities, low level of technology and limitation of convenience agricultural land and incorrect use of basic resources would intensify resources damage. While mention to natural resources and environment for keeping their production ability is so important. Desirable keeping of these resources is related to understanding the situation, path and scale of resources changing by measurements like ecological footprint indicator. Because of importance of sustainable issues in different economical sectors special in agricultural sector because of using more environmental resources in this article ecological footprint indicator in agricultural sector is estimated by using actual land demand approach in Iran during 1376-86 then the results is used to evaluate the sustainable of agricultural activity in and out of country. The results indicated that agricultural activity in Iran is compatible with internal economy and is adverse with global economy. Also never less internal production is secured sustainability, actual land demand was increased specially in these years that mean sustainable situation was depressed in internal economy. So it suggested that must be used actions for adoption of sustainable method in agricultural sector in internal and review the trade pattern in global level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Investigating the impact of environmental education on improvement of students' environmental awareness (case study: Karaj city high schools)
mohammad mehdi zarrabi soodabeh mafkheri mahya ahmadian neda zarkeshBackground and Objective: Environmental education is the most basic method in protecting the environment, the purpose of which is to find the most appropriate and best system and method of presenting materials and implementing a structure that is the basis for improving MoreBackground and Objective: Environmental education is the most basic method in protecting the environment, the purpose of which is to find the most appropriate and best system and method of presenting materials and implementing a structure that is the basis for improving environmental awareness at the community level. In the current research, the effect of education in improving students' awareness about the importance of environmental issues has been investigated. Material and Methodology: The current research is applied in a descriptive, correlational and relational manner and its implementation method is carried out in the field using a questionnaire and data analysis using SPSS software. For the purpose of investigation, 150 questionnaires were collected by random cluster sampling among the students of the pre-eleventh grade in Karaj city and 150 of the eleventh grade students. Findings: The results of the Spearman correlation coefficient are as follows: Students of the 11th grade who have had a human and Environmental book as part of their courses, their awareness about the environment has increased. Discussion and Conclusions: Also, the higher the education level of the students' fathers, the more the students' awareness of the environment has increased. The results of the correlation coefficient between two variables of mother's education and students' awareness about the environment indicate that there is a significant relationship between the two variables at the 5% error rate. In other words, the higher the level of mother's education, the more students' awareness is about the environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - The Effect of Pray on work Ethics and job responsibility from Verses and Stories
Mohammad Karim Hekmat Ara Aadel SoltaniAccording to natural need of human to pray and worship and the present situation of work places in Islamic societies in the present era it is necessary to step forward praying in our work places. Thus the present paper tries to introduce worship, fact, importance and th MoreAccording to natural need of human to pray and worship and the present situation of work places in Islamic societies in the present era it is necessary to step forward praying in our work places. Thus the present paper tries to introduce worship, fact, importance and the effects of pray based on Quran verses and stories. In another section of the article it surveys the secrets of the pray, the reasons of unawareness and its effects on employees job commitment and finally discusses the correct management of the managers in the work field by increasing the spirit of responsibility in order to a better commitment and ethics which are the most important factors of growth and improvement at work. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Importance of time in the story of the Qur'an from the perspective of modern fiction Criticism
Mazhar Moghaddamifar Homeyra HamidiThe importance of this subject returns to God deposited with man an inherent sense of time. And Koran gave great importance to the time, and most acts of worship in Islamic law have been associated with specific and fixed time-bounds such as prayer, fasti MoreThe importance of this subject returns to God deposited with man an inherent sense of time. And Koran gave great importance to the time, and most acts of worship in Islamic law have been associated with specific and fixed time-bounds such as prayer, fasting and pilgrimage, so that their performance can only be achieved through a commitment to its times up to day, month and year. And on this basis, human has needed to record the time so that he relies on its assessment and organization of the conditions of his material and moral life, so he was directed to record the time after a hard and long research, because years and their parts need a natural phenomenon, so that man focuses on it in programming his times. And it is clear that the natural calendars the one that supports the sun and the moon to calculate the time as he said: "He it is Who created the night and day and the sun and the moon, all travel along swiftly in their celestial spheres."(The Prophets Sura,33) And according to the Quranic stories that great men in the history were who knew the time and its value and who were prophet sent for this, we find that the prophets are the pioneers of the people in these four areas, in faith and science, and in good deeds, and in calling people to Allah, and in the patience to harm in calling to Allah, and these gainers are the winners in this world and the Hereafter. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Assessing and Evaluating Components of Preschool Art Education Curriculum Using the Importance - Performance Analysis Model
Abed Gholami Hossein Zeinalipour Ali Akbar Sheikhi Fini Seyed Abdul Wahab SamaviThe purpose of the present study was to analyze the Importance - performance Components of Preschool art education curriculum. The present study is exploratory research in terms of the nature of research, in terms of purpose practical, and in terms of nature of research MoreThe purpose of the present study was to analyze the Importance - performance Components of Preschool art education curriculum. The present study is exploratory research in terms of the nature of research, in terms of purpose practical, and in terms of nature of research data is a type of sequential exploratory design (qualitative-quantitative). In the qualitative part, the identification of components of the preschool art education curriculum model is presented using the theme analysis technique, and in the qualitative part, the importance of the organizing theme is analyzed using IPA. The statistical population of this study in the qualitative part consists of university professors and doctoral students in the field of curriculum planning and experts and teachers of Preschool; the criterion for determining the sample size was to achieve theoretical saturation of the data and general agreement on the phenomenon under study. The collection tool in this section was a semi-structured interview with experts. In other words, in this phase of the research, after 20 semi-structured interviews with experts, the data reached theoretical saturation. The finding showed that among the 9 components of the Preschool art education curriculum, two components (Grouping and Place) were in the low importance area, one component (Time) was in the focus area, and six components were (Goal, Content, Activity, Material, Method, Assess) in the performance retention area. It is worth noting that the components in the low priority area are not threatening to the curriculum and do not need immediate correction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Measuring the Ratio of Condition of “No-loss” in Enjoining Good and Forbidding Bad through “Behavior of Imam Husayn (‘a)” with an Emphasis on Idea of Imam Khomeini (ra)
مهدی پورحسینJurisprudents regard “Absence of Corruption and Loss” as one of the conditions to enjoin good and forbid bad, but Imam Husayn (‘a) launched his uprising although he knew the nature of his uprising as enjoining good and forbidding bad and failed to comp MoreJurisprudents regard “Absence of Corruption and Loss” as one of the conditions to enjoin good and forbid bad, but Imam Husayn (‘a) launched his uprising although he knew the nature of his uprising as enjoining good and forbidding bad and failed to comply with the condition. Jurisprudents for justifying such strategy of Imam Husayn (‘a) have brought up likely things like “uncertainty of martyrdom”, exclusive path of martyrdom”, “permit of peace with enemy rather than its obligatoriness”, “mystery-laden movement of Imam Husayn (‘a)” and “drop of condition of no-loss with importance of obligatoriness”, but Imam Khomeini (ra) by theorizing the last thing has changed it into a theory and has put it into practice. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Checking the Quality of Weld Inspection Using SERVQUAL Model and Importance-Performance Analysis
N. Adabavazeh M. Navabakhsh A. Adabavazeh -
Open Access Article
35 - Detect Stable Community in Dynamic Social Networks Using Influential Nodes
Taleb khafaei Alireza Tavakoli Taraghi Mehdi Hoseyn Zadeh Ali RezaeeSocial networks have found many applications in people's daily lives today so that identifying the behavior of members of these types of networks and associations within them is of particular importance. Due to the structure and the way of communication between the memb MoreSocial networks have found many applications in people's daily lives today so that identifying the behavior of members of these types of networks and associations within them is of particular importance. Due to the structure and the way of communication between the members of social networks, some members within this type of network have more important roles than other members. In this study, a method for identifying more important communities was discussed. For this purpose, new features were introduced using network centralization features and then the importance of this type of feature was investigated by Rough set theory. The experimental results showed that by increasing the number of popular nodes among a community where introduced in this study and at the same time decreasing the value of density, betweenness, and closeness centrality features of that community, it causes the effect of the number of popular nodes on the community will remain more evident. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Time-Dependent Reliability Analysis of Mechanical Structures using an Analytical Approach
Mohammad Reza Moarefzadeh -
Open Access Article
37 - Developing a model for managing the risk assessment of import declarations in customs based on data analysis techniques
Hassan Ali Khojasteh Aliabadi Saeed Daei-Karimzadeh Majid Iranpour Mobarakeh Farsad Zamani Boroujeni -
Open Access Article
38 - Prioritizing Service Organizations Based on Classified Service Quality Dimensions by MADM and mportance-Performance Analysis
Reza Dabestani Arash Shahin Hadi Shirouyehzad Mohammad Saljoughian -
Open Access Article
39 - Introduction linear prescription Letters of the Amir Nezam Grosso
mojtaba safaralizadeh leila adlparvar arezu momenikhanshanIntroduction and publication of prominent Persian literature, It enriches the scientific, literary and historical background of the country. many copies remain in libraries inside and outside the country Which need to be corrected, introduced and evaluated to identify. MoreIntroduction and publication of prominent Persian literature, It enriches the scientific, literary and historical background of the country. many copies remain in libraries inside and outside the country Which need to be corrected, introduced and evaluated to identify. From Hassan Ali Khan Amir-Nezam Grossi, there are two literary works in written form, titled "Yahviyah" Which has not yet been introduced and analyzed. Grosso Letters is a work of Persian writing and correspondence Which in the thirteenth century has been written as a simple and middle-class poet in the style of Qa'im Magame Farahani. and it is important in terms of reflecting the historical, cultural, political, economic, social, and civil matters. therefore, the review, introduction and identification of this work can be effective in recreating the cultural past of Iran.In this article, while introducing the emperor of Grossi's system and his role in the promotion and reform of society, and the emphasis on literary and literary sciences, he has also introduced the essential and auxiliary versions of his writing, and outlines the most important features of this work. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Design of Creativity Matrix Based on Importance-Performance Model in the Health Sector
Pzhman Pirmon naser hamidi homa dorodiConsidering the importance of employee creativity in the health sector of the country, optimal use of creativity strategies seems essential. Therefore, the present study seeks to identify the drivers and barriers to creativity, as well as identifying the importance and MoreConsidering the importance of employee creativity in the health sector of the country, optimal use of creativity strategies seems essential. Therefore, the present study seeks to identify the drivers and barriers to creativity, as well as identifying the importance and performance of each of the drivers in the country's health sector and drawing their importance-performance matrix. Therefore, the current research is categorized in the group of exploratory researches and in terms of data collection method, it is Delphi. based on the limitations of the researcher to conduct the research, the statistical sample is selected from the statistical population. In the present study, 15 experts in the fields of resource management and human development and psychology, as well as 83 human resource managers of medical sciences universities of the country, were present. The research questionnaire is derived from interviews with human resources experts and is actually a summary of their opinions about the influential components in creativity. The research findings show that leadership style, organizational structure, individual factors, laying the base for the emergence of creativity in the person and the support of senior management are among the influential and very important factors in the promotion and development of creativity in the country's health sector. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Application of Importance-Performance Analysis model in order to evaluate the professional qualifications of professors
خلیل زندی سید محمد موسوی جد افشین قاسمیThe purpose of this study was to examine the professional qualifications of professors and procedures of its promotion in University of Kurdistan. Research was mixed method. In the quantitative survey, a sample size of 374 students, were selected by random sampling. Dat MoreThe purpose of this study was to examine the professional qualifications of professors and procedures of its promotion in University of Kurdistan. Research was mixed method. In the quantitative survey, a sample size of 374 students, were selected by random sampling. Data collection tools in this section was researcher made questionnaire that measured professors' qualifications in both perceptions and expectations and in the form of three components: cognitive, psychomotor, and affective. In quantitative survey, data analyzed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Importance-Performance Analysis. The results indicated that Compared with psychomotor and affective qualifications, professors' performance has been lower in the cognitive qualifications. Furthermore in order to identify procedures improve professional qualifications of professors, a group of 16 experts were selected through purposive sampling method and were studied by Semi-structured interviewing. Content analysis of the interviews showed that the solutions identified in this section, were including: Equipping all classes to intelligent system, Attention to practical activities of students, Attention to professors specializing in offering courses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Application of Importance-Performance Analysis model in order to evaluate the professional qualifications of professors
mohamad mosavi jad khalil zandi afshin ghasemiThe purpose of this study was to examine the professional qualifications of professors and procedures of its promotion in University of Kurdistan. Research was mixed method. In the quantitative survey, a sample size of 374 students, were selected by random sampling. Dat MoreThe purpose of this study was to examine the professional qualifications of professors and procedures of its promotion in University of Kurdistan. Research was mixed method. In the quantitative survey, a sample size of 374 students, were selected by random sampling. Data collection tools in this section was researcher made questionnaire that measured professors' qualifications in both perceptions and expectations and in the form of three components: cognitive, psychomotor, and affective. In quantitative survey, data analyzed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Importance-Performance Analysis. The results indicated that Compared with psychomotor and affective qualifications, professors' performance has been lower in the cognitive qualifications. Furthermore in order to identify procedures improve professional qualifications of professors, a group of 16 experts were selected through purposive sampling method and were studied by Semi-structured interviewing. Content analysis of the interviews showed that the solutions identified in this section, were including: Equipping all classes to intelligent system, Attention to practical activities of students, Attention to professors specializing in offering courses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Evaluation of Species Diversity and Population Indices of Weeds in Chickpea Fields under Dry-land of Kermanshah Province
Iraj Nosrati Adel Dabbagh Mohammadi Nasab Rouhollah Amini Mohammad Reza ShakibaWeed identification is considered the most fundamental task in weed management. It would be possible to decide on specific methods of weed control through availability of weed information in a particular location, otherwise applying different methods of control will not MoreWeed identification is considered the most fundamental task in weed management. It would be possible to decide on specific methods of weed control through availability of weed information in a particular location, otherwise applying different methods of control will not show satisfactory effects. To evaluate the species diversity and population indices of weeds in dry-land winter chickpea fields at four counties of Kermanshah province, 30 fields were investigated in 2015. The sampling was done based on W method at twenty points in each field. All weed species in each quadrate were identified and counted on the basis of genus and species. The indices of density, frequency, uniformity, abundance index, and relative diversity for each species were calculated and 44 weed species belonging to 22 different families were identified: 18% of families belonged to Asteraceae, 13% to Fabaceae, 11% to Brassicaceae, and 9% to Poaceae of all the weeds identified 89 percent of belonged to dicotyledons and 11 percent to monocotyledon. The broad leaf weeds of winter dry-land chickpea of Ravansar county based on dominance were common chicory (Cichorium intybus), european bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis), cow cockle (Vaccaria pyramidata) and stichy willie (Galium tricornatum), respectively. In Kermanshah county the european bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis), common chicory (Cichorium intybus), stichy willie (Galium tricornatum) and yellow goatsbeard (Tragopogon major), were the dominant weeds, respectively. Also, at Dalahoo county the common chicory (Cichorium intybus), stichy willie (Galium tricornatum), cow cockle (Vaccaria pyramidata) and wild licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra), were dominant weeds, respectively. In west Islamabad county the dominance was related to common chicory (Cichorium intybus), European bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis), wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis) and yellow goatsbeard (Tragopogon major), respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Social participation and cultural factors affecting it (studied: Javanroud and Ravansar counties)
Shahram Fazeli Abdulreza Adhami Feyzollah NoroziThis research aims to study the level of social participation and cultural factors affecting it in the less developed counties of Javanroud and Ravansar of Kermanshah province from a sociological perspective. The research method is a (quantitative) survey and a question MoreThis research aims to study the level of social participation and cultural factors affecting it in the less developed counties of Javanroud and Ravansar of Kermanshah province from a sociological perspective. The research method is a (quantitative) survey and a questionnaire tool is used to collect data. The statistical population of this research is all citizens over 18 years of age living in the counties of Javanroud and Ravansar. The sample size of this research was 384 people who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. The findings of the research indicate the average level of social participation in the counties of Javanroud and Ravansar, and there is a significant relationship between the independent variables (giving little importance to the time factor and the low level of aspirations and desires) with the dependent variable (social participation). The results of the regression analysis showed that the independent variables explain 12.7 of the changes in the dependent variable, and among the factors affecting social participation, the variables of low level of aspirations and desires and giving less importance to the time factor are respectively more have had the most impact Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Study of lifestyle factors in rural families (Case Study: Rural Families in Bostanabad Town in Eastern Azarbayjan)
Reza Khorshidi Zagloujeh Khorshidi Zagloujeh Cream Habib Pour Rosa Cream Pourهدف از این مطالعه شناسایی عوامل کلیدی شیوه زندگی خانواده های روستایی و تعیین اهمیت آنها در توضیح تغییرات شیوه زندگی است. روش تحقیق پیمایشی بوده و جامعه آماری این پژوهش در سال 1395 نگهبانان خانوار روستایی در شهر بوستون آباد (18956 نفر) بود که 376 نفر از آنها به عنوان نمو Moreهدف از این مطالعه شناسایی عوامل کلیدی شیوه زندگی خانواده های روستایی و تعیین اهمیت آنها در توضیح تغییرات شیوه زندگی است. روش تحقیق پیمایشی بوده و جامعه آماری این پژوهش در سال 1395 نگهبانان خانوار روستایی در شهر بوستون آباد (18956 نفر) بود که 376 نفر از آنها به عنوان نمونه بر اساس فرمول کوکران و روش نمونه گیری خوشه ای چند مرحله ای انتخاب شدند. آمار توصیفی همراه با تحلیل عاملی و پرسشنامه ابزار جمع آوری داده ها بود. روایی و پایایی ابزار جمع آوری اطلاعات از طریق روایی صوری و آلفای کرونباخ اندازه گیری شد. بر اساس یافته های این پژوهش، در ابعاد اقتصادی، شیوه های تولید گرا، صرفه جویی و مصرف کننده گرا می تواند در ابعاد اجتماعی ذکر شود، عوامل مشارکتی، جمع گرایی و دوستی، و در بعد ارزش ها، عوامل خانوادگی و خانوادگی محسوب می شوند. همچنین، در ابعاد هویت، اصل، اعتقادات و وظیفه گرا استخراج شد. در نهایت، عوامل مدرنیست و سنت گرایانه در ابعاد سیستماتیک جهت گیری خانوادگی و مذهبی در زمینه دین خانواده به دست آمده است. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که در میان ابعاد سبک زندگی، اقتصاد با سه عامل اصلی، یعنی تولید، صرفه جویی و مصرف و بالاترین میزان تخصص، می تواند تقریبا 60٪ تغییرات زندگی در خانواده های روستایی را توضیح دهد. با جمعآوری مواد استخراجی، می توان نتیجه گرفت که یک زندگی ترکیبی (ترکیبی از مدرنیست و سنتیسم) در خانوارهای روستایی غالب است. در ابعاد ارزش ها عوامل خانوادگی و پسرانه در نظر گرفته می شود. همچنین، در ابعاد هویت، اصل، اعتقادات و وظیفه گرا استخراج شد. در نهایت، عوامل مدرنیست و سنت گرایانه در ابعاد سیستماتیک جهت گیری خانوادگی و مذهبی در زمینه دین خانواده به دست آمده است. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که در میان ابعاد سبک زندگی، اقتصاد با سه عامل اصلی، یعنی تولید، صرفه جویی و مصرف و بالاترین میزان تخصص، می تواند تقریبا 60٪ تغییرات زندگی در خانواده های روستایی را توضیح دهد. با جمعآوری مواد استخراجی، می توان نتیجه گرفت که یک زندگی ترکیبی (ترکیبی از مدرنیست و سنتیسم) در خانوارهای روستایی غالب است. در ابعاد ارزش ها عوامل خانوادگی و پسرانه در نظر گرفته می شود. همچنین، در ابعاد هویت، اصل، اعتقادات و وظیفه گرا استخراج شد. در نهایت، عوامل مدرنیست و سنت گرایانه در ابعاد سیستماتیک جهت گیری خانوادگی و مذهبی در زمینه دین خانواده به دست آمده است. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که در میان ابعاد سبک زندگی، اقتصاد با سه عامل اصلی، یعنی تولید، صرفه جویی و مصرف و بالاترین میزان تخصص، می تواند تقریبا 60٪ تغییرات زندگی در خانواده های روستایی را توضیح دهد. با جمعآوری مواد استخراجی، می توان نتیجه گرفت که یک زندگی ترکیبی (ترکیبی از مدرنیست و سنتیسم) در خانوارهای روستایی غالب است. خود اعتقادات و وظیفه گرا استخراج شد. در نهایت، عوامل مدرنیست و سنت گرایانه در ابعاد سیستماتیک جهت گیری خانوادگی و مذهبی در زمینه دین خانواده به دست آمده است. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که در میان ابعاد سبک زندگی، اقتصاد با سه عامل اصلی، یعنی تولید، صرفه جویی و مصرف و بالاترین میزان تخصص، می تواند تقریبا 60٪ تغییرات زندگی در خانواده های روستایی را توضیح دهد. با جمعآوری مواد استخراجی، می توان نتیجه گرفت که یک زندگی ترکیبی (ترکیبی از مدرنیست و سنتیسم) در خانوارهای روستایی غالب است. خود اعتقادات و وظیفه گرا استخراج شد. در نهایت، عوامل مدرنیست و سنت گرایانه در ابعاد سیستماتیک جهت گیری خانوادگی و مذهبی در زمینه دین خانواده به دست آمده است. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که در میان ابعاد سبک زندگی، اقتصاد با سه عامل اصلی، یعنی تولید، صرفه جویی و مصرف و بالاترین میزان تخصص، می تواند تقریبا 60٪ تغییرات زندگی در خانواده های روستایی را توضیح دهد. با جمعآوری مواد استخراجی، می توان نتیجه گرفت که یک زندگی ترکیبی (ترکیبی از مدرنیست و سنتیسم) در خانوارهای روستایی غالب است. در میان ابعاد سبک زندگی، اقتصاد با سه عامل اصلی، یعنی تولید، صرفه جویی و مصرف و بالاترین میزان تخصص، می تواند تقریبا 60٪ تغییرات در سبک زندگی را در خانواده های روستایی توضیح دهد. با جمعآوری مواد استخراجی، می توان نتیجه گرفت که یک زندگی ترکیبی (ترکیبی از مدرنیست و سنتیسم) در خانوارهای روستایی غالب است. در میان ابعاد سبک زندگی، اقتصاد با سه عامل اصلی، یعنی تولید، صرفه جویی و مصرف و بالاترین میزان تخصص، می تواند تقریبا 60٪ تغییرات در سبک زندگی را در خانواده های روستایی توضیح دهد. با جمعآوری مواد استخراجی، می توان نتیجه گرفت که یک زندگی ترکیبی (ترکیبی از مدرنیست و سنتیسم) در خانوارهای روستایی غالب است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Interference Rule in Therapeutic Abortion
Jalodin Ghiasi Zahra HabibiTherapeutic abortion is a kind of termination of pregnancy that has medical application. Although act to abort is considered forbidden in the most of the legal systems, but in some cases, exceptionally it is allowed one case in which the abortion is allowed is interfere MoreTherapeutic abortion is a kind of termination of pregnancy that has medical application. Although act to abort is considered forbidden in the most of the legal systems, but in some cases, exceptionally it is allowed one case in which the abortion is allowed is interference rule. According to this rule, due to abnormality of embryo and keeping mother's health, the abortion is possible before insufflations of spirit and based on single article of Therapeutic Abortion, but in accordance with the single article, after insufflations of spirit, abortion is impossible. Therefore, by virtue of note of Art. 718 of Islamic Penal Code approved in 2013, in order to keep mother's health, the abortion is allowed even after insufflations of spirit. The jurists prescribe abortion before insufflations of spirit for therapeutic cases. Some of jurists believe that even after insufflations of spirit in the embryo, if it would be proved that existing of embryo threaten mother's health, abortion of such embryo is allowed It looks that the jurists who don’t believe in abortion after insufflations of spirit, if state their reasoning based on interference rule- most important – important, then they change their idea. In the other word, intellectually we can diagnose that due to reduce more damage, the theory of abortion even after insufflations of spirit shall be empowered and identified and executed Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Jurisprudential and legal study of the effectiveness of the rule of repelling corruption to corruption
houshangh gholmoammadi Sayyad Mohammadreza Ayati Mohammadkazem RahmanstayeshThe actualization of the expediencies and the repelling of the depravities from the people’s lives are intended by the canon’s legislation of rules. Therefore, when an issue falls between two depravity extremes and none can be repelled, the common sense rule MoreThe actualization of the expediencies and the repelling of the depravities from the people’s lives are intended by the canon’s legislation of rules. Therefore, when an issue falls between two depravity extremes and none can be repelled, the common sense rules the repelling of the maximal depravity based on such a maxim as the necessity of repelling the worst as compared to the worse. The present study aims at investigating the documents of the foresaid maxim and its applications in jurisprudence and Iran’s laws using an organized descriptive-analytical method. It will be expressed that the maxim “the necessity of repelling the worst as compared to worse”, though not having been inserted independently, has been clearly stated in the legislators’ books along with such other axioms as no-interference is permitted, the necessity of taking the more important as compared to the important and emergency situation; it is, in practice, one of the jurisprudential axioms most widely applied in the personal, ethical, social, political and legal lives of the people. The obtained results indicated that it is necessary for a judge to verify the internal will and piety of the wrongdoer in regard of repelling the worst as compared to worse in line with preventing any contingent misuse and deception. Also, it is the wrongdoer who should persuade the judge in regard of his or her intention for doing a wrong action. Moreover, the above-mentioned maxim should repel a sort of depravity that is deemed to be the worst and it has to be used as the only way for getting rid of the worst wrongdoing according to the distinction made between the worse and the worst depravity. Thus, the institution and the authority qualified for the implementation of the before-mentioned maxim is the legislator as stipulated in the penal laws like legitimate defense and staying adherent to legality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Comparison of cadmium concentration and its weekly intake in imported and Iranian rice
مهرداد CheraghiThe aim of this study was to compare the concentration of Cadmium (Cd) and its weekly intake among imported rice and the rice samples cultivated in Isfahan and Borojerd in 2011. For this reason, a total of 30 Indian imported rice samples together with 5 Iranian rice spe MoreThe aim of this study was to compare the concentration of Cadmium (Cd) and its weekly intake among imported rice and the rice samples cultivated in Isfahan and Borojerd in 2011. For this reason, a total of 30 Indian imported rice samples together with 5 Iranian rice specimens were obtained from Hamedan and Tehran retails. The samples were subjected to acid digestion and afterwards the Cd concentrations were determined using ICP-OES. According to the results the mean ± SD values of Cd concentrations in imported and Iranian rice samples were determined as 107.60 ± 19.54 and 44.760 ± 12.55 µg/kg dry weight, respectively. Moreover, comparison of the mean concentrations of Cd in recent study with FAO/WHO permissible limits revealed that the Cd concentrations were below the approved limit. Data suggested that weekly intake of Cd through the consumption of imported and Iranian rice samples was 2.07 and 0.86 µg/kg body weight, respectively which was below the WHO/FAO limit. Based on the results of this study, both imported and Iranian rice do not pose a Cd-related health problem for the consumers. However, long-term accumulation of Cd in critical tissues could have health consequences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Providing a Framework for Measuring Knowledge Management Maturity in Public Organizations: A Case Study of Ferdowsi University
Olfat Ganji bidmeshk Mohammad Mehraeen Kimia GhaffariMeasuring the success rate of knowledge management implementation is difficult due to its long-term and indirect benefits in public organizations. Therefore, measuring knowledge management maturity is considered as a way to evaluate the success of knowledge management i MoreMeasuring the success rate of knowledge management implementation is difficult due to its long-term and indirect benefits in public organizations. Therefore, measuring knowledge management maturity is considered as a way to evaluate the success of knowledge management implementation in these organizations. In this regard, the present study aims to provide a framework for measuring knowledge management maturity in public organizations. To this end, in a four-step process, after identifying the weekly dimensions of knowledge management maturity and confirming them with the help of confirmatory factor analysis, artificial neural networks have been used to assess the importance of each dimension. Then, based on the position of each dimension in the importance-performance analysis matrix and examining the gap between the current and desired status of each of them through the pairwise average comparison test, the level of knowledge management maturity for each dimension is determined. The results revealed that the dimensions of leadership, organizational culture and knowledge management processes are in good condition while the dimensions of human resources, organizational structure and knowledge management strategy need to be improved. The ICT dimension is the only dimension in which it is necessary to adjust activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - The Effects of Internal R&D Expenditures and Intermediate - Capital Imports on Productivity and Value Added in Iranian Provincial Industries
Manijeh Taghilou Barzelaghi Gholamhosein Rahnomay Garamaleki Monere DezajiThe gap in industrial indices among the provinces of the country and their unbalanced trend of economic growth and development requires, more than ever, considering the abilities and potentials of each region. Accordingly, research and development and intermediate &ndas MoreThe gap in industrial indices among the provinces of the country and their unbalanced trend of economic growth and development requires, more than ever, considering the abilities and potentials of each region. Accordingly, research and development and intermediate – capital imports lead to the harmonious and dynamic growth of all regions and increase their industries’ competitive ability through technology improvement. Thus, this study investigated the effect of internal R&D expenditures and capital-intermediate imports on the productivity of Iranian industries over the period 1995-2008. For this purpose, total factor productivity function and production function were estimated by applying panel data approach. The results indicated that internal R&D expenditures and capital-intermediate imports had a significant positive effect on the productivity and value added of Iranian industries during the mentioned period. Therefore, the research recommends that the government support R&D efforts of industries in order to improve their technology and production methods and provide their access to modern technologies of the world through import. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Enhancing Green Productivity via A Two-Level Green Supply Chain Management Practice Model and Importance Analysis: Bushehr Petrochemical Industries
Ahmad GhorbanpoorIn the present era, green supply chain management is considered as an important organizational philosophy in reducing environmental hazards and a preventive approach to increase organizational performance. Different industries are obliged to enforce environmental compli MoreIn the present era, green supply chain management is considered as an important organizational philosophy in reducing environmental hazards and a preventive approach to increase organizational performance. Different industries are obliged to enforce environmental compliance during various supply chain processes to meet environmental obligations in their production or service activities. Hence, the main purpose of the current enquiry was to design a two-level model for green supply chain management practice and to analyze the relevant importance of each component, via fuzzy analysis, in enhancing green productivity in the Petrochemical Industry in Bushehr province, Iran. The research population consisted experts and specialists from both the industry and the university. The research data were gleaned through a researcher-made questionnaire. To serve the purpose, the study commenced with reviewing the existing literature via a qualitative content analysis approach which identified 12 important measures that can be taken in the field of green supply chain management. Having validated the Two-Level Model, the importance of each of the measures was computed via Fuzzy analysis. Finally, the managerial measures in Green Supply Chain were classified and, accordingly, suggestions were presented to the Petrochemical Industries Managers concerning how to improve their situation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - The Effect of Investment Opportunities, Growth and Capital Productivity on Firm Performance of Listed Companies in Tehran Stock Exchange
Heidar Mohammadzadeh SaltehInvestors seek to maximize their wealth. Growth opportunities are the driving force that give motivation and are considered bonus for investors. What in the current situation will lead to success is the optimum use of the available investment opportunities in order to i MoreInvestors seek to maximize their wealth. Growth opportunities are the driving force that give motivation and are considered bonus for investors. What in the current situation will lead to success is the optimum use of the available investment opportunities in order to identify the factors affecting the firm's performance. Timely and rational use of investment opportunities by business units has a significant effect on performance improvement. Firm growth, from the perspective of capital market and management is an important variable and can be effective on firm performance. Therefore, in this research, the effect of investment opportunities and growth on firm performance of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange has been studied. The statistical population includes the companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange, out of each a statistical sample of 134 corporates was selected by systematic elimination sampling method. The period under review was a 5-year period (2007-2011) and the hypotheses in this research were tested by using combined data (panel). The results show that investment opportunities do not affect firm performance, and firm growth has a positive and significant effect on return on asset but does not affect market value added. Also, capital productivity has a positive and significant effect on firm performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - The Study of Industrial Structure Indices and the Classification of East Azarbaijan Industries
Mohammad bager Beheshti Samad Hekmatifarid Habib AgajaniCreating new industries in EastAzarbaijanProvince started about forty years ago simultaneous with the rest of the country. Despits the fact that a long time has passed since the establishment of industrial enterprises, there have been numerous changes in the industries MoreCreating new industries in EastAzarbaijanProvince started about forty years ago simultaneous with the rest of the country. Despits the fact that a long time has passed since the establishment of industrial enterprises, there have been numerous changes in the industries of Iran. The present research aims to study the changes in the industrial structure of East Azarbaijan and to prioritize its activities. In order to measure the economical structure changes in the subdivisions of the province industry, the importance shift model has been used, and in order to prioritize the industrial activities, production priority indices have been used. According to the results of important shift model, the 19 industrial activities of the province have been presented in the form of economic winner sectors, economic mix-winner sectors, economic loser sectors, and economic mix-loser sectors. The prioritizing of the industrial activities on the basis of production priority indices, value added location quotient, employment location quotient, and other related indices indicates that the production of machinery and equipment not classified elsewhere ; tannery and leather industry,….. ; food and drink industries; the production of other non-metal inorganic products; the production of metal products other than machinery ; the production of textile; and the production of other means of transportation comprise the first to eight priorities of the industrial activities of the province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Evaluation of growth Feature of Populus deltoides and Taxodium distichum trees using stem analysis
jamshid eslam dost hormoz sohrabi seyed mohsen hoseyniTree growth has a great ecological and economic importance and stem analysis is one of the reliable and widely used methods which is used to study the growth of different attributes of the trees. In the present study, we evaluated diameter, basal area, and height and vo MoreTree growth has a great ecological and economic importance and stem analysis is one of the reliable and widely used methods which is used to study the growth of different attributes of the trees. In the present study, we evaluated diameter, basal area, and height and volume growth of two fast growing species (namely Populus deltoides and Taxodium distichum). After falling down the trees, 5 centimeter thick disks at 2 meter intervals were collected and transported to the laboratory. The thickness of the annual rings was measured in two perpendicular directions up to1millimeter precision. The results showed that the highest value of the current growth of diameter of Populus deltoides and Taxodium distichum occurred in 4 and 6 year ages, respectively, equal to 1.5 and 5.4 cm and the highest value of the current basal area growth of Populus deltoides and Taxodium distichum occurred in 9 and 10 year ages, respectively, equal to 0.1 and 0.14 square meters. Furthermore, the highest value of the current growth of height of Populus deltoides and Taxodium distichum occurred in 6 and 9 year ages, respectively, with value of 1.3 m 3.1 m and the highest value of the current growth in the volume of Populus deltoides and Taxodium distichum occurred in 8 and 12 year ages, with a value of 0.094 and 0.1 cubic meters, respectively. Finally, there would be concluded that both of these species in such sites can meet the environmental needs such as green spaces as well as economic goals such as commercial wood product. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Evaluating Good Urban Governance for Iranian Cities (A Case Study of Ahvaz)
Heydar Kazemi Bijan RahmaniUrban Management is a decisive factor for improving the life quality for people for which various approaches have been adopted so far. Good governance is the last approach in urban management which concentrates on participation, transparency, responsibility, law force, MoreUrban Management is a decisive factor for improving the life quality for people for which various approaches have been adopted so far. Good governance is the last approach in urban management which concentrates on participation, transparency, responsibility, law force, justifying and accountability in governing. This approach in urban management can produce the desired outputs for organizations and people. Municipality and Islamic council of Ahwaz which are the two important organizations in urban management in Ahwaz can use good governance approach in fulfilling their duties. In this article, the researchers use people’s judgment in a sample community about the performance of municipality and Islamic council to study how much compatibility exists between the performances of these public organizations with good governance principles. The researchers also use a questionnaire for collecting people’s judgment.The results of this survey showed that the average of citizens’ judgment about the consistency of municipal and city council performance with good governance values are 1.41 and 1.22. Respondents say that municipality and council performance in index of rule of law (with average 1.66) is low and in index of participation (with average 0.98) is very low. If we accept the respondents’ judgments about municipality in districts of Ahwaz municipality in this study, judgments show that the performance of municipality management in district 3 with an average of 1.26 has low compatibility with good governance values and municipality management in district 1 with an average of 0.94 has very low compatibility. Generally, the performance of municipality and council in terms of compliance with the principles of good governance, (with average of judgment about 1.31) in a range of 4 values between bad and good, is weak. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Construction nanoparticles imported into the environment in recent years in Iran
Zahra Sadid Mahsa Fakharpour -
Open Access Article
57 - The effect of industrial concentration and capital goods import on the energy consumption intensity in Iran’s industries
Sima Hajebi Fard Reza RoshanThe purpose of this article is to evaluate the effect of industrial concentration and import of capital goods on the intensity of energy consumption in Iranian industries. Industrial concentration index has been calculated using Herfindahl-Hirschman method and relative MoreThe purpose of this article is to evaluate the effect of industrial concentration and import of capital goods on the intensity of energy consumption in Iranian industries. Industrial concentration index has been calculated using Herfindahl-Hirschman method and relative entropy. In this research, the panel data method and the fixed effects model were used to estimate the coefficients of the models. The research findings indicate that between 2002 and 2018, industrial concentration and import of capital goods have a positive and statistically significant effect on the intensity of energy consumption. So that, one percent increase in the share of the industry in the market, increases the intensity of energy consumption between 0,089 to 0.203 percent. Also, the price of energy carriers has a negative effect on the intensity of energy consumption. Considering the inverse relationship between the price of energy carriers and energy intensity and the low elasticity of the price, it is necessary that incrementally raise the energy prices for industries logically causing environmental pollution to decrease their energy intensity. It is suggested that capital goods enter industries that have low energy consumption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Exchange Rate Pass-Through into Import Price in Iran Economy with Emphasis on Volatility of Oil Revenues (Nonlinear Approach)
Mana Mesbahi Hosein Asgharpour Jafar Haghighat Seyed Alireza Kazerooni firooz fallahiAbstract The main objective of this paper is to investigate the impacts of fundamental variables and volatility of oil revenue (as one of the most important of environment prevailing components in Iran economy) on degree of exchange rate pass through (ERPT) into import MoreAbstract The main objective of this paper is to investigate the impacts of fundamental variables and volatility of oil revenue (as one of the most important of environment prevailing components in Iran economy) on degree of exchange rate pass through (ERPT) into import price. For this, Markov-Switching and EGARCH methods were used on the base of data for 1990:3 to 2014:1. The findings indicate that there are two ERPT into import price regimes in Iran economy. The ERPT is more than unitary in both regimes. Also, volatility of oil revenues has asymmetric impacts on ERPTs of regimes in terms of size and sign but it increases ERPT into import price in both regimes. Therefore, managing of volatility of oil revenues and exchange rate changes are suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - The Evaluation of Health Tourism Branding Indicators in Mashhad Metropolis
Sanaz Saeidi Mofrad Pardis PakanThe city brand is generated by different dimensions of the city identity, and the identity of a city stems from natural, climatic and environmental, economic, social-human, and finally its physical identity. Therefore, successful urban tourism is of high importance in c MoreThe city brand is generated by different dimensions of the city identity, and the identity of a city stems from natural, climatic and environmental, economic, social-human, and finally its physical identity. Therefore, successful urban tourism is of high importance in city branding, history, and identity. Health tourism is one of the growing and trending sectors of the tourism industry in the world and is considered as one of the best aspects of economic development in Iran. In the present study, the city of Mashhad is chosen due to its unique capabilities in the field of branding and attracting health tourists. This research is descriptive-analytical and uses library research, interviews, and field studies for data collection. To analyze the collected data, interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) is used. In this model, each indicator is measured based on two dimensions of importance and performance. The statistical population consisted of 23 experts chosen by the quota sampling method. To assess each parameter, two questions were asked about the importance (optimal status) and the level of performance of each item (current situation) of the desired indicator in the city of Mashhad. The results of the study showed that although the revenues of health tourism form a major source of income for cities, there is no independent identity, a specific urban brand, or even an urban brand umbrella in this regard, Mashhad. Consequently, not only there is a lack of coherent and coordinated action or plan in this field, but previous attempts have led to a waste of money and financial resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Date of illegal detention in the Quran and the era of hadith issuance
Syyed Ali Rabbani Mousavian Aliasghar avazpoorDate of illegal detention in the Quran and the era of hadith issuanceArrest and imprisonment have always been one of the common punishments for violators of the laws and regulations of different nations and sects, and in addition to that, there have always been illegal MoreDate of illegal detention in the Quran and the era of hadith issuanceArrest and imprisonment have always been one of the common punishments for violators of the laws and regulations of different nations and sects, and in addition to that, there have always been illegal detentions, including illegal detentions and the detention of innocents. Occurred or the possibility of its occurrence. One of the best sources for studying this subject in all times is the definitive document of the issuance of the Holy Quran.Also, to investigate this issue in the era of hadith issuance, ie the era of the presence of the infallibles from the Holy Prophet to the beginning of the time of absence, history and narrative sources. The findings of the study indicate that with the exception of the reign of the Prophet and the guardian, the most important illegal detentions began during this period and increased over time. And had political causes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - The Factors Affecting Human Resources Productivity in Urban Construction Projects A Comparison of Relative Importance Index and Fuzzy Logic Methods
Mobin Yarahmadi Mohammad Mirhoseini Mehdi Komasi Mohammad Ehsanifar -
Open Access Article
62 - A novel solving method for multi-objective decision making problems under fuzzy conditions
Alireza Alinezhad ابوالفضل کاظمی Mojgan Khorasani -
Open Access Article
63 - Assessment of Satisfaction of Residents of Tehran's Sirous neighborhood from Municipal Services
Shahram Parsa Ahmad Pourahmad Mahsa Haji Ismail JafariSatisfaction is a complex and multiple concept that is related to other concepts and affected by time, location, and personal and social values. Therefore, studying of the inner layers is the only method. The purpose of this research is measuring residents’ satisf MoreSatisfaction is a complex and multiple concept that is related to other concepts and affected by time, location, and personal and social values. Therefore, studying of the inner layers is the only method. The purpose of this research is measuring residents’ satisfaction and annoyance of utilities based on six indicators (security and safety, health and grooming, beauty, welfare–social, pathways and access and regulatory status ) considered in Siroos community (Municipal District 12 ).In addition, the rate and degree of indicators Importance for residents and their interaction with municipality were studied.The research method in this survey is analytic–descriptive and the number of samples are based on model 200.The population of the study are all residents of Siroos community and type of sampling is random and cluster. The dominant approach is combined (objective and subjective). The results of this research show that resident’s satisfaction of municipal services is different but in general it is medium to low. Experts put emphasis on the physical properties, but social factors (Security, Safety and Beauty) are important and they have higher status compared to other indicators. Prioritized actions based on the wishes of the residents of this community is include:1- Promotion2- fixation 3- Assessment 4- Monitoring. Assessment of resident’s satisfaction of municipal services helps managers to achieve a comprehensive view of the problems and be aware of the possible solutions and understand long-term effects of current decisions. Upgrading utilities can be an effective step in increasing resident’s satisfaction (As an important part of life satisfaction). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - A comparative study of factors affecting the decline of traditional livestock in two areas of Plain and mountainous (Case Study: Rural Alqchyn city functions Choram)
Hamid Heydari Mokarar Hamidreza Nasimi Mehrdad RashidfarThe country's rural and tribal society, a society which is based on its livestock is built in the traditional way. Despite the traditional farming systems play a vital role in the production of milk and meat needed a large part of the country, the unstable conditions fo MoreThe country's rural and tribal society, a society which is based on its livestock is built in the traditional way. Despite the traditional farming systems play a vital role in the production of milk and meat needed a large part of the country, the unstable conditions for the survival of their own. The most important factors: the use of natural resources, turning to modern technology industries, higher levels of health and culture and etc, is that has led to this traditional livelihoods, in some rural areas the recession put a long history. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the factors influencing the decline of traditional livestock in the villages of research methods in terms of purpose, applied and descriptive - analytic.The population consisted of households living in rural ranchers Alqchyn is Choram city functions. A sample using Cochran formula consists of 198 farmer households were given. Data on two areas by SPSS software through the use of appropriate statistical tests, were analyzed.The Mann-Whitney test was used at the %95 confidence level, the results show that the dosage of extension-education courses and the cost of medication and veterinarian with the Sig. (2-tailed) = .000 most significant difference between the two areas must be concluded and the measures to protect the environment with the implementation and operations Sig. (2-tailed) = .833 and investment in other pastoral activities with the Sig. (2-tailed) = .567 same situation in the two areas and the most significant difference is achieved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Indigenous Food Crop Production and Extent Decisions among Farm Households in Northern Ghana
Alhassan Andani -
Open Access Article
66 - The relationship between the amount of new media and the younger generation's commitment to social values (Emphasize the study of Islamic Azad University of Tabriz, East Azarbaijan Science and Research)
منصور ساعی سونیا وطنیThe main objective of this study is "important tool to study the relationship between new media (mobile phones) and the younger generation's commitment to social values" is. This study is the first study to focus Brmtalh students of Islamic Azad University of Tabriz, Ea MoreThe main objective of this study is "important tool to study the relationship between new media (mobile phones) and the younger generation's commitment to social values" is. This study is the first study to focus Brmtalh students of Islamic Azad University of Tabriz, East Azerbaijan Province Science Research has been done. The definitions of the enjoyment, commitment, social values, as well as new media offer and The theory explain Howe's views and values of the social media including cultivation theory, the use and satisfaction, and views .... Jmyzlal, Gerbner and Inglehart and Johnson) as well as internal and external perspectives were discussed. Research among 368 graduate students of Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tabriz, East Azerbaijan, which was conducted between 22 and 40 years of age. In this method utilizes a questionnaire survey and research data collection is required. The results showed that the high rate of mobile phone use is increasing importance of the criteria in mate selection. The increasing importance of mobile media usage and social relations between the sexes increases. The rise of mobile phone use increases the importance of responsibility among students. The rate increases the importance placed Particularists added. It can be said as a media phone-cell mass audience Importance has added some social values. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - اثر تکانههای موقتی و دائمیبهرهوری کل بر تقاضای واردات بخش کشاورزی ایران
زهرا توکلی Sedigheh Nabieian محمدرضا زارع مهرجردی سید عبدالمجید جلاییتئوری­های اقتصادی نشان می­دهند که، مسیر حرکت و اندازه نوسان متغیرهای اقتصادی بستگی به نوع و اندازه تکانه­های وارده به آن­ها دارد. برای نوسانات تقاضای واردات علل متفاوتی ذکر می­شود. از آن جمله می­توان به تکانه­های بهره­وری اشاره کرد. برهمی Moreتئوری­های اقتصادی نشان می­دهند که، مسیر حرکت و اندازه نوسان متغیرهای اقتصادی بستگی به نوع و اندازه تکانه­های وارده به آن­ها دارد. برای نوسانات تقاضای واردات علل متفاوتی ذکر می­شود. از آن جمله می­توان به تکانه­های بهره­وری اشاره کرد. برهمین اساس، این پژوهش به دنبال شناسایی اثر تکانه­های بهره­وری کل عوامل تولید بخش کشاورزی بر واردات آن بخش طی دوره زمانی 1392-1360 بودهاست. بدین منظور تکانه­های مذکور با استفاده از تکنیک بلانچارد-کوآ به دو گروه تکانه­های دائمی و تکانه­های موقتی تقسیم شدند. سپس با استفاده از روش­ خودرگرسیون برداری ساختاری (SVAR) اثر تکانه تکانه­ها برتقاضای واردات بخش کشاورزی مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد در کوتاه­مدت و بلندمدت تکانه­های موقتی و دائمی بهره­وری کل عوامل تولید بخش کشاورزی تأثیرمثبت و معنی­داری بر تقاضای واردات بخش کشاورزی می­گذارند و اثرگذاری تکانه­های موقت بیشتر از تکانه­های دائم می­باشد. لذا اگر هدف سیاست سیاست­گذاران کاهش تقاضای واردات بخش کشاورزی می­باشد باید بهره­وری کل عوامل تولید آن بخش افزایش یابد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Forecasting Iran’s Rice Imports during 2009-2013
Mohammad Reza Pakravan Mohammad Kavoosi Kelashemi Hamid Reza AlipourIn the present study Iran’s rice imports trend is forecasted, using artificial neural networks and econometric methods, during 2009 to 2013, and their results are compared. The results showed that feet forward neural network leading with less forecast error and ha MoreIn the present study Iran’s rice imports trend is forecasted, using artificial neural networks and econometric methods, during 2009 to 2013, and their results are compared. The results showed that feet forward neural network leading with less forecast error and had better performance in comparison to econometric techniques and also, other methods of neural networks, such as Recurrent networks and Multilayer perceptron networks. Moreover, the results showed that the amount of rice import has ascending growth rate in 2009-2013 and maximum growth occurs in 2009-2010 years, which was equal to 25.72 percent. Increasing rice import caused a lot of exchange to exit out of the country and also, irreparable damage in domestic production, both in terms of price and quantity. Considering mentioned conditions, economic policy makers should seek ways to reduce increasing trend of rice import; and more investment and planning for domestic rice producers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Analysis of Rice Import Trend and It's Economic Factors: Case of Iran
Zabiholah GholamiRice comes second after wheat in Iran`s food consumption economy. However Iran is one of the greatest rice importer countries all over the world because of its rising population and recent growth in GDP. This paper presents an analysis of cointegration test between rice MoreRice comes second after wheat in Iran`s food consumption economy. However Iran is one of the greatest rice importer countries all over the world because of its rising population and recent growth in GDP. This paper presents an analysis of cointegration test between rice import and it`s economic factors over the period 1990-2011, employing Engle-Granger model. At first, Dickey-Fuller test shows that all variables are non-stationary at data level, so their first differences (that are stationary series) are used. Secondly, Engle-Granger testing presents existence of a long-run relationship between rice import and it`s economic factors including per capita GDP, foreign exchange rate and domestic price. At last, rice import model was estimated using OLS method which proves that all independent variables are significant at high level and the sign of coefficients are consistent with theoretical expectations So that import of rice positively correlates with Per capita GDP, domestic price and negatively correlates with freight exchange rate. With respect to increasing demand for rice, government should keep domestic policies for the rise of rice production so that the need for import falls in the long-run. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - The Analysis of the Effects of Domestic and Foreign Investment in R&D on Agricultural TFP in Iran
Ali BagherzadehNowadays, agricultural R&D provides new and developed technologies to create modern agricultural producing methods. During recent years, improving agricultural productivity is affected by not only domestic R&D investments but also foreign countries R&D inves MoreNowadays, agricultural R&D provides new and developed technologies to create modern agricultural producing methods. During recent years, improving agricultural productivity is affected by not only domestic R&D investments but also foreign countries R&D investments. Nowadays, according to new growth models, R&D is the base of productivity. Recent economic theories consider agricultural research and it's spill overs as important factors for technological change and economic growth. This paper investigates the amount of agricultural total factor productivity in Iran and analyzes the relationship between TFP, domestic agricultural research, and foreign agricultural R&D during 1979–2008. In this study Iran's partners are 20 Asian, European and South American countries. The Solow residual index approach is applied for the measurement of total factor productivity in agricultural sector of Iran. ARDL model involving different lag length specifications were estimated taking TFP as a dependent variable. The results indicate that agricultural researches (both domestic and foreign R&D) have positive and significant impact on agricultural TFP. But the impact of foreign R&D on agricultural productivity is stronger than the effect of domestic R&D. According to gained results considerable portion of national product should be allocated to R&D costs and research budget of agricultural sector should be increased to standard level. Also government should pay attention to its partner countries because agricultural R&D spillover of developed countries is more than developing countries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Pathology of the realization of social justice according to the 6th development program of Article 78 with the importance-performance approach
Parima Beidaghi sedighe Tootian esfehani Nazanin Pilevari Hasan RangrizThe current research was carried out with the aim of the pathology of the realization of social justice based on this article. This research is based on the purpose of an applied-developmental study and based on the method of data collection, it is a non-experimental (d MoreThe current research was carried out with the aim of the pathology of the realization of social justice based on this article. This research is based on the purpose of an applied-developmental study and based on the method of data collection, it is a non-experimental (descriptive) study of the cross-sectional survey type. Also, in this study, a mixed research method (qualitative-quantitative) was used. The community of participants of the qualitative part includes professors of public administration and managers of the Ministry of Welfare, who were selected by the purposeful sampling method and theoretical saturation was achieved with 11 interviews. The statistical population of the quantitative sector includes experienced experts of the Ministry of Welfare. Sampling in the quantitative part was also done with a simple random stratified method and 217 people participated in this study. Thematic analysis method and MaxQDA software were used to analyze the data in the qualitative part. The research findings showed that accountability and solving class gap are in the acceptable area. the other hand, equality use of services, cooperative system and equal social welfare, optimization of the tax system, accountability, and ultimately the realization of the social justice model are not in a suitable state. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - Investigating the Relationship between Oil Prices and Stock Markets in Oil Exporting and Importing Countries by Using Quantile Regression
Abouzar Gandomkar Seyyed Nematollah Mousavi Abbas AminifardExtended Abstract Considering the great importance of exchange rate fluctuations in various sectors of the macro economy, the issue of exchange rate fluctuations and its control has always been discussed in the framework of currency regimes in most countries. Conside MoreExtended Abstract Considering the great importance of exchange rate fluctuations in various sectors of the macro economy, the issue of exchange rate fluctuations and its control has always been discussed in the framework of currency regimes in most countries. Considering that in recent decades, the managed floating system is one of the systems of interest in the world's economies, therefore, the level of involvement in this market and its measurement has played a very important role and has attracted the attention of model makers and economists. In oil-exporting countries, because the economy of these countries is dependent on oil, currency fluctuations and the level of intervention of the monetary authority in these countries are always very important. Most of these studies have identified and explained the paths and quantitative estimation of the effect of oil price on the macroeconomics of countries separately, and very few studies have examined the indirect channels of the effect of oil price shocks on the economy of countries. The point that this study emphasizes is that there is a relationship between oil prices and stock markets in oil importing and exporting countries, which has been neglected in many studies. Purpose In this study, the relationship between oil prices and stock markets in major oil-exporting countries (Russia, Norway, Canada, Iran) and oil-importing countries (USA, India, Japan) has been investigated. For this purpose, quantile regression and weekly data from January 2010 to June 2022 have been used. Methodology Different phenomena in the science of statistics appear in the form of random variables and it will be possible to investigate these phenomena by determining their distribution. In this regard, there are various statistical measures, each of which provides researchers with different information from the random variable distribution. Quantile or quantile regression is a statistical method for estimating and inferring conditional quantile functions. As linear and classical regression methods are based on minimizing the sum of squared errors and can estimate a model for conditional mean functions, quantile regression methods provide a mechanism for estimating models for the conditional mean function and a wide range of other conditional quantile functions. Quantile regression is able to provide a more complete statistical analysis of random relationships between variables. While standard regression methods show how the value of a dependent variable reacts to the change of an explanatory variable; Quantile regression shows the predicted changes for the entire distribution of the dependent variable and is used for the separate effects of the explanatory variable at different points of the distribution of the dependent variable. Of course, it should be acknowledged that one of the shortcomings of standard OLS regression is that the obtained estimate is a number that is used to summarize the relationship between the dependent variable and each of the independent variables. Findings Knowing the common movement between oil and stock markets is of great importance for investors and policy makers. In this context, there is a lot of empirical literature that shows the complexity of oil price dynamics and stock indices and then the relationship between them. In this study, using the quantile regression method, the relationship between oil price and stock index in oil exporting and importing countries in the period of 2010-2022 has been investigated. The results of the study showed that the price of oil has a positive and significant effect on the stock index in Russia, Norway, Canada, America and India in all deciles and the first 4 deciles in the Japanese stock index. Also, the price of oil has had a positive and significant effect on the stock index in Iran in 6 deciles (first 5 deciles, seventh deciles), and in the last two deciles. Also, by examining the R2adj statistic, it can be said that in all the investigated stock exchanges, except for Russia and Iran, 50 to 70% of the stock index changes are explained by the oil price, which shows the importance of the oil price on the stock index in these countries. In other words, the stock value can be considered equal to the sum of the discount of the future liquidity flows, and since these flows are directly affected by macroeconomic events, therefore, these flows can easily be affected by negative impulses. In addition, oil price volatility also has significant effects on stock market returns. The three categories of capital, manpower and oil can be considered as the most important factors that are used in the production of most goods, therefore, changes or fluctuations in each of these three factors will affect the cash flow. Conclusion Depending on whether they are oil importers or exporters, countries have different effects on oil price changes. According to the opinion of many economists, the price increase will bring a decrease in economic growth as well as an increase in inflation for the economy of oil importing countries. But if the oil importing countries have a strong and suitable economic structure, these fluctuations will have a less destructive effect on their economic conditions. In oil exporting countries, it is expected, of course, that the increase in the price of oil will increase their income, which will lead to an increase in their liquidity in the future, which will have a direct and positive impact on the capital market and the stock index. Now, if these incomes are used to buy domestic products, this increase in income leads to an increase in production and economic growth, and consequently to an increase in investment, which leads to an increase in stock prices. Therefore, according to oil price fluctuations in recent years, investors and policymakers should consider market conditions in their decisions based on modeling the relationship between oil and stock markets. Also, considering the changes that will happen over time in relation to the price of oil and the stock market, investors and policy makers should pay attention to this dynamic behavior of stock markets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - Seismic Reliability Evaluation of the Jacket Structure of an Offshore Platform Based on Nonlinear Time History Analyses
M Hosseini S Karimiyan -
Open Access Article
74 - A look at the jurisprudential challenges of the philosophy of enjoining the good and forbidding the evil
Narges Fooladi AbbasAli Heydari Mehdi FallahThe issue of enjoining the good and forbidding the evil is one of the most key and fundamental Islamic issues. Many verses and narrations have emphasized this religious, social and political doctrine and have studied and warned about its various dimensions. It has alway MoreThe issue of enjoining the good and forbidding the evil is one of the most key and fundamental Islamic issues. Many verses and narrations have emphasized this religious, social and political doctrine and have studied and warned about its various dimensions. It has always been forgotten and even one step above it has been neglected and neglected. Enjoining the good and forbidding the evil is a very sensitive issue and should be accompanied by compassion and choosing the best moral methods. When a person deals with the thesis of his soul, this action of his is a good ground for cultivating inner capacity and, consequently, mental health. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to accurately implement the commandment of the good and the prohibition of the bad, and since the commandment of the good and the prohibition of the bad is directly related to religion and the world and the reputation of individuals, it has a special sensitivity. Obviously, just as abandoning this divine obligation is destructive and dangerous, its implementation will be harmful without observing the limits and paying attention to the conditions, levels, morale and capacity of individuals. In the present era, which threatens the all-round health of human beings, returning to religious teachings is the guarantor of the all-round health of the Islamic society. And this divine duty is a suitable cover for the protection of the individual and society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Valuation and comparison of a test diet effect with imported and an interior foods on some growth indicators for juvenile Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
H. Emadi N. Baharan A. A. SaeediIn the purpose of produce a suitable diet for farming the Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), competition with imported foods and checking the possibility of replacement this diet with those ones, a new formulation codified and compared with two imported foods, one fro MoreIn the purpose of produce a suitable diet for farming the Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), competition with imported foods and checking the possibility of replacement this diet with those ones, a new formulation codified and compared with two imported foods, one from France (A treatment) and the other from Italy (B treatment), and an interior food (C treatment). 600 fingerlings trout with the mean weight of 37±3 gr. and length of 13.5±5.5 cm. with duration of 127 days in 12 rearing channels with dimensions 440×150×80 cm., in 4 treatment, which one had 3 repeat, farmed using these diets. In the end of the term, means of weight, total length and weight gain had significant differences in formulated diet with others (P<0.05), sequencely formulated diet had the highest values with 133.14±12.13 gr. weight, 21±0.75 cm. length, and 191.49±6.20 gr. WG, and C had the least values with 108.02±11.81 gr. 19.83±0.75 cm. and 126.99±17.90 gr., Respectively. The maximum %WG 450.40±31.18 and SGR 1.77±0.05 gr. were also in formulated and the least were in C, sequencely 299.51±54.01 percent and 1.43±0.13 gr., that had significant differences with others (P<0.05), except for A. Maximum PER in A, 0.06±0.007 and formulated 0.042±0.001 had significant differences (P<0.05). FCR in formulated 0.92±0.12 had no significant differences with imported foods (P>0.05). Formulated chemical and anti nutritional factor analysis involved 55.59% protein, 10.64% lipid, 13.13% carbohydrate, 2.28% fiber, 9.79% ash, 8.55% moist and 3.14 mili eqi valan/1000 gr. diet peroxide. However, the amount of energy was less in formulated, 3706.4 kcal per kg diet than A, 4174.1 and B, 4063.1, despite of the presence of suitable composition caused the most growth. The energy of C 3663.8, was the least amount.Cheking sensory properties or Organolepthic Tests, the fish fed formulated diet valuated better than the others generally. Undoubted, producing this diet formulation will be more economize between other treatments. Total composition of formulated diet is not open at the time being. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - The Feasibility Study of Constructing Domestic Oil Refineries as a Policy Option to Replace Gasoline Import
Ali Asghar Esmaeil Nia Neda Azar MehrIn the light of gasoline shortage in the county, resorting to import or erection of new refinery are the possible options available. This paper aims to investigate how to meet the gasoline needs of the country by domestically refining the heavy crude oil, extracted from MoreIn the light of gasoline shortage in the county, resorting to import or erection of new refinery are the possible options available. This paper aims to investigate how to meet the gasoline needs of the country by domestically refining the heavy crude oil, extracted from newly developed oil fields such as Soroush and Norouz. Refining capacity of these new proposed installations is expected to be around 055 thousand barrels per day and heavy crude oil intake of these refineries is assumed to come from Norouz oil fields. It is worth mentioning that this study has taken care of environmental considerations while deciding on the appropriate location for the erection of these refineries as well as how to meet the crude oil intake and water required by these new refineries. The model used in this study is simply a new model experimentally applied in this case study. So far, this model has not been used in the feasibility study of oil refining activities in Iran. In regard to feasibility study of oil refineries, various approaches are reviewed in this paper and the result are drawn out. The findings of this paper indicate that erection of heavy crude oil refinery, based on crude oil priced below 05 dollars per barrel, is economically feasible. Besides, with lowering oil prices, its feasibility is further validated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Analyzing the Impact of Exchange Rate Unification on TOT (Terms of Trade) in IRAN
سید کمیل طیبی محسن نظری فارسانی احمد گوگردچیان زهرا زمانیAbstractTerms of trade is one of the most important tools using for analyzing macroeconomic problems because, during time, it is a good criteria for assessing a country’s profit from international trade and its changes have direct effects on countries’ welfa MoreAbstractTerms of trade is one of the most important tools using for analyzing macroeconomic problems because, during time, it is a good criteria for assessing a country’s profit from international trade and its changes have direct effects on countries’ welfare.Besides, unification of exchange rate is an important issue in economical policiesConsidering the impact of exchange rate changes on terms of trade as well as to the terms of the importance of exchange rate unification policy,the purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of exchange rate unification on the terms of trade in Iran during the years 1991-2015. For this purpose, the structural vector autoregression (SVAR) model is used.Results of structural vector auto regressive model for Iran’s economy during the period under reviewsuggest that exchange rate unification destroys the trade relationship in the short run but improves in the long run. If the rate of exchange rate unification is higher, it will have a greater effect on the trade relationship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - The possibility of economic convergence between the members of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and the opportunities facing Iran
faeze moradi haghighiShanghai Cooperation Organization with membership of China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, India and Pakistan, on September 17, 2021, agreed to Iran's membership in the organization. After a year passed since the conditional approval of Iran' MoreShanghai Cooperation Organization with membership of China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, India and Pakistan, on September 17, 2021, agreed to Iran's membership in the organization. After a year passed since the conditional approval of Iran's membership in the Shanghai Organization, on 17 September 2022, Iran officially became a full member of this organization. The structure of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, with the predominance of security and political propositions, also has economic dimensions, which, if properly understood, will create opportunities for Iran in the economic and trade fields. Accordingly, an attempt has been made to examine the possibility of convergence under this organization in the form of a theoretical framework of regionalism; In this study, in response to the question "Is it possible for regional integration between the SCO countries and provide opportunities for Iran under this cooperation?", Using descriptive-analytical method and data collection, with the help of library and Internet resources and under the theoretical framework of new regionalism, it is hypothesized that "the SCO, due to the priority of security-political goals, disagreement of key members in pursuing economic goals and the weakness of structures and institutions to pursue economic programs, has minimal potential for economic integration among its members, but in case of lifting the sanctions obstacles facing Iran, it will provide opportunities for political unity and economic opportunities for the country." Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - Species Richness, Evenness and Plant Community Stability 22 Years after Ploughing a Semiarid Rangeland
Mohammad Jankju Fariba Noedoost -
Open Access Article
80 - An Assessment of Foreign Portfolio Investment in Hierarchical Model based on Topsis Algorithm
Gholamreza Amini Khiabani Karim HamdiPortfolio or Stock Investment is one of the most important investment methods especially in foreign market. In regulation of Organization for Investment Economic and Technical Assistance of Iran, stock investment is classified in 5 different sections including “St MorePortfolio or Stock Investment is one of the most important investment methods especially in foreign market. In regulation of Organization for Investment Economic and Technical Assistance of Iran, stock investment is classified in 5 different sections including “Stocks of Corporation”, “Bonds”, “Fellow of Banking Capital”, “Trading Securities”, and “Governmental Treasury Bills”. Gathering the data by means of a questionnaire distributed among the target population including managers and experts of the Organization for Investment Economic and Technical Assistance of Iran, we investigate on stock investment methods in foreign market in hierarchical model based on Topsis algouritm. Due to the answers gathered from the questionnaire, we identified 8 factors effective on portfolio investment to be used in topsis algorithm. These effective factors was entered to a decision making matrix, using in ranking portfolio investment styles based on ideal solutions technique. Results showed that the corporation stocks is the first and the top priority for international portfolio investors Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - The impact of importing food products on economic instability and the related jurisprudence
fatemeh nematiThe import of food products is an economic problem that has created harmful effects for various parts of the country's system in recent years. This import threatens food security and national security and ultimately national identity. In the present research, the issue MoreThe import of food products is an economic problem that has created harmful effects for various parts of the country's system in recent years. This import threatens food security and national security and ultimately national identity. In the present research, the issue of jurisprudence rulings on the import of foodstuffs and its effects on economic instability has been investigated in a descriptive-analytical way. Paying attention to Islamic and jurisprudential values can help us in solving this social problem. Jurisprudence is the basic foundation of the laws of every Islamic society and is effective in creating economic stability. For this purpose, the mandatory ruling on the import of foodstuffs was examined in terms of importation against the law of the country and the importation of forbidden and suspicious foodstuff, and the ruling was given regarding the sanctity of illegal and forbidden importation, and in the case of questionable importation, based on the public and the application of evidence, the ruling was in favor of Halit. was given and regarding the status ruling related to the importation of food products, validity, invalidity and guarantee of this import, it was examined and in some cases, referring to jurisprudence rules, the ruling was given as valid and in some cases, the ruling was given as invalid, and considering All food import transactions are guaranteed according to the rule of "the whole guarantee is correct, and the guarantee is corrupt". Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - The study of the long run effects of international trade on economic success variables in Iran
fateme sabet naghmeh honarvar ali rezaeiEconomic growth and inflation control are among the goals pursued by any economy. In today's world, decision-making power and role-playing in global trading are countries that have a lot to say in the economy. If the policymakers' goal is to develop and encourage trade, MoreEconomic growth and inflation control are among the goals pursued by any economy. In today's world, decision-making power and role-playing in global trading are countries that have a lot to say in the economy. If the policymakers' goal is to develop and encourage trade, in order to achieve this goal, it must control the growth of the international presence and the inflation by strengthening the foundations of the country's production. This study examines the long run effects of international trade on Iran's economic success variables during the period 1350-1395 using Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). The results of Johansson's co-integration test showed that there is a long run equilibrium relationship between variables.. The results of the IRF indicated that the positive shock of exports in the short, medium and long run had a significant positive effect on economic growth and inflation. The positive shock of imports in the short run has a significant positive effect, and in the medium and long run, there is a significant negative effect on economic growth, and this shock has a significant negative effect on inflation in the short, medium and long run. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - Levels of Heavy Metals in Pasta Available in the Nigerian Market: Assessing the Human Health Implications
Janefrances Ihedioha Irene Atiatah Nwachukwu Ekere Jonnie Asegbeloyin -
Open Access Article
84 - A review of foreign researches in the field of auditor independence and audit quality
mehdi khorramabadiPurpose: This research comprehensively reviews academic research related to auditor independence and audit quality in order to provide a framework for evaluating the impact of auditor independence on audit quality.Methodology: This research is based on the review of art MorePurpose: This research comprehensively reviews academic research related to auditor independence and audit quality in order to provide a framework for evaluating the impact of auditor independence on audit quality.Methodology: This research is based on the review of articles published in the last years in nine prominent and international journals related to auditing and accounting, including journals:Auditing: A Journal of Practice and Theory- Accounting, Organizations and Society- Contemporary Accounting Research- Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Finance- Journal of Accounting and Economics- Journal of Accounting and Public Policy- Journal of Accounting Research- Review of Accounting Studies- The Accounting Review, in order to examine the main issues that threaten the auditor's independence. Therefore, the present study is considered among the review studies.Finding: The findings of the research show that the four main issues that threaten the auditor's independence are: a- the importance (influence) of the employer b- non-audit services c- the auditor's tenure and d- the employer's affiliation with auditing institutions. For each of these threats, the findings related to the motivations, perceptions, and behaviors of the auditor and the owner, as well as the effects of each threat on the real and tangible quality of audits and financial reports, have been discussed in detail.Originality/Value: In addition to the development of literature and theoretical foundations related to auditor independence and audit quality, the findings of this research provide a framework for evaluating the impact of auditor independence on audit quality. The indicators presented in the present study can provide opportunities for further research on auditor independence and audit quality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - The Significance of Erudition and Awareness Among the Men of Culture and History in the Kalileh and Demneh with the Emphasis on Cultural Assets
Vahid Amiri Yassi Kand Ali Dehghan Hamid Reza farziAbstract One of the fundamental factors in envisaged cultural resources is the rate of the people's willingness in scientific problems. From the cultural resources of view, approaching to knowledge, extension of awareness and MoreAbstract One of the fundamental factors in envisaged cultural resources is the rate of the people's willingness in scientific problems. From the cultural resources of view, approaching to knowledge, extension of awareness and endeavor to promote the level of knowledge and the acquisition of science are of the components which show the tendency of people to accumulate cultural assets. Based the theoretical approaches of cultural resource, Pierre Bourdieu, the most common cultural approaches written in the Kalileh and Demneh, the men's tendency to science and knowledge and their emphasis on erudition about which we are discussing in this paper. The collection of information was on the library method and the surveying was of the kind of the qualitative and analytic study of the theme. The results of the research indicate that the tendency of the acquisition of the wisdom and knowledge and the necessity of learning in increasing knowledge is one of the most significant indexes. Of the outstanding samples was eagerness of Kasra Anushervan, the Sassanid king to acquire the science. In most historical sources, Anushervan was introduced as a cultural man, and the Kalileh and Demneh was transferred to Iran by his struggle. That's why the importance of science and knowledge, in him, is a manifestation of cultural asset. We can also allude to the science stance among the scholars such as Borzuyeh Tabib, Ibne Mogaffa, and Nasrollah Monshi which originated from the accumulation cultural assets and derived from their cultural approach and excellent speculation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - Analyzing the Status of Intra-Organizational Drivers of Business Model Innovation in Defense Complex Product Development Organizations
gholamreza tavakoli Morteza Marofany hasan farsijani mohamad hoseyn karimigavareshkiRecent research in the field of management points to the importance of business models for creating value and increasing the performance of organizations. The importance of this issue is felt more than ever for organizations developing complex products. The concept of c MoreRecent research in the field of management points to the importance of business models for creating value and increasing the performance of organizations. The importance of this issue is felt more than ever for organizations developing complex products. The concept of complex products and systems is used to make a distinction between capital goods (with advanced technology) and standard and consumer goods (production with a mass system). This research has identified and analyzed the importance and performance of business model innovation drivers in organizations that develop complex defense products. After identifying the drivers (thematic analysis of the data obtained from the background study of the subject, review of strategic documents and formation of focus groups), through the preparation and distribution of a questionnaire among 260 managers and experts who are aware of the opportunities and challenges of developing complex products through targeted sampling were selected, the status of importance-performance in each of the identified drivers was measured for the desired organizations. The drivers were categorized in the performance-importance analysis matrix and the improvement priority of each of them was determined. 54 drivers were identified in 8 dimensions. Based on the importance-performance matrix, "focus strategy" was suggested for 45 drivers and "status quo continuation strategy" was suggested for 9 drivers. None of the propellants were in the waste or indifference zone Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - Edris Bedlisi, Hasht Behesht and his other works
Mehri PakzadEdris Bedlisi was a prose writer contemporary with Sultan Agh ghoyonlu and then Shah Abbas Safavi in Iran. His most important work regarding the Osmani history and his most well-known work among all his works is Hasht Behesht. Both this work and its title ar MoreEdris Bedlisi was a prose writer contemporary with Sultan Agh ghoyonlu and then Shah Abbas Safavi in Iran. His most important work regarding the Osmani history and his most well-known work among all his works is Hasht Behesht. Both this work and its title are in Farsi. The prose of Hasht behesht is technical following the style of Jahan Goshai Jovaini and Tarikh Vassaf written by Vassaf al- Hazreh. It must be mentioned that the manuscript copy of Hasht Behesht neither in Iran nor in Turkey has not yet been corrected. The content of this work includes the biography of eight Sultans from Osmanis’ Sultans beginning with Osman Beygh Ghazi and ending with Sultan Bayazid the second and coming to the throne of Yavouz Sultan Salim. In this article attempt is made based on a number of sources and some manuscript copies of this book to briefly introduce the book, its author, his style, and the prose in the writer’s era. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - The base of the rule of offering "aham"
لیلا یوسفی Saeed Hasanzadeh DelgoshaThe most important and important rule, although not directly explicated in documents and doesn’t fall under explicit rules, all jurisprudential religions have stated basics and evidence for the argumentation and authority of the most important rule. these religions are MoreThe most important and important rule, although not directly explicated in documents and doesn’t fall under explicit rules, all jurisprudential religions have stated basics and evidence for the argumentation and authority of the most important rule. these religions are thought to be common concerning the essence of this rule and the necessity of opting for the most important over the important when rules contradict each other in practice. Their Shari'ah basics differ, as there are disagreements on other grounds such as consensus, reason, syllogism, juristic discretion, Maslaha, Sad Zaraye’, etc. Considering the significance and use of the increasingly employed rule of the most important in the Islamic community,The research method is descriptive-analytical; the data are gathered, and the content is analyzed. In the investigation of the Shia jurisprudence grounds, the Qur’an, the Traditions, the words, conducts, and the Hadith of the prophet and the Household (PBUT) are considered the consensus, while reason is the source of jurisprudential rulings. The important and most important rule is a general one referred to in all domains, this rule can be mainly examined when the rules contradict. This rule applies to the ranking based on prescribed rules, ranking based on the obligatory and the prohibited, compliance with general objectives and moral principles, precedence of the emergency over the ordinary, precedence of the possibly important affairs, and precedence based on specific moral characteristics of each of the parties. Manuscript profile
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