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Open Access Article
1 - Examine the impact supervisors' perceptions of interactional justice on abusive supervision: explain the role of moderator authoritarian leadership style (Case study: Sepah Bank)
امین زارع علیرضا زارعی مهسا جمالی سعیده روستاییThe aim and context: The purpose of this study is examine the impact supervisors’ perceptions of interactional justice and authoritarian leadership style on abusive supervision. Also examined the effect of authoritarian leadership style as moderator variable in th MoreThe aim and context: The purpose of this study is examine the impact supervisors’ perceptions of interactional justice and authoritarian leadership style on abusive supervision. Also examined the effect of authoritarian leadership style as moderator variable in the relationship between supervisors' perceptions of interactional justice and abusive supervision. Methodology : The statistical population of the study consisted of 126 supervisors of Sepah Bank branches in Shiraz and data collecting tool was questionnaires includes standardized questionnaires interactional justice (Neihoff & Moorman, 1993), authoritarian leadership style (Cheng et al, 2004), and abusive supervision (Tepper, 2000). Validity and reliability the questionnaires using face validity, construct validity and Cronbach's alpha were examined To analyze the data, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling software and smart PLS (version 2) was used. Results and conclusion: The results showed that supervisors’ perceptions of interactional justice has a negative and significant impact on abusive supervision and authoritarian leadership style as independent variable has Positive and significant impact on abusive supervision. It was also found authoritarian leadership style as a moderator variable, has a positive and significant impact but weak in relationship between supervisors' perceptions of interactional justice and abusive supervision. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Effect of Different Levels of Corporate Risk Disclosure on Investors' Perceptions
MohammadHossein Labibzadeh حجازی Hejazi allahkaram salehi Farshin HormoziDisclosure of the main risks of the business unit and changes in those risks, along with management plans and strategies, to address or reduce these risks and the effectiveness of risk management strategies. This disclosure of information helps financial users assess th MoreDisclosure of the main risks of the business unit and changes in those risks, along with management plans and strategies, to address or reduce these risks and the effectiveness of risk management strategies. This disclosure of information helps financial users assess the entity's risks as well as their expected consequences. The purpose of this research of Effect of Different Levels of Corporate Risk Disclosure on Investors' Perceptions. In this study, considering that there was no clear and coherent basis for the separation of levels of risk reporting, based on the methodology of the qualitative sector, an attempt was made to identify the dimensions of risk disclosure based on the content analysis process. Therefore, in terms of the result of this research, it is developmental, and in terms of its applied purpose, it is in the category of semi-experimental research. It is also a combination of research data types. In this study, a scenario-based questionnaire was used to test the hypotheses. The scope of the research in 2020, the statistical population included active investors in the Tehran Stock Exchange, 160 people were selected as a sample size and examined. The results of the research in the qualitative part indicate the existence of two main categories as levels of risk reporting of capital market companies. The results in the quantitative section also showed that the average perception of investors in the convergence of risk disclosure is higher than the divergence in risk disclosure Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Investigating the effects of budgetary control system on budgetary performance considering the mediating role of budgetary perception in public hospitals (Case Study: Hospitals in Fars province)
Navid Reza Namazi Gholam Reza Rezaee Seyedeh Maryam kheibargirIntroduction: In management accounting, the budget is cornerstone of management control process and one of the unresolved issues. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of hospital budgetary control system on budgetary performance consid MoreIntroduction: In management accounting, the budget is cornerstone of management control process and one of the unresolved issues. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of hospital budgetary control system on budgetary performance considering the mediating role of budgetary perception. Methods: This is a descriptive and correlational research in terms of nature and method. The statistical population of study is the managers of public hospitals in Fars province. 400 questionnaires were distributed among members of statistical population and 103 questionnaires were collected. For statistical analysis, structural equation modeling technique have been used. Results: Findings showed that with increasing managers' budgetary evaluation, budgetary attitude (0.895) and budgetary motivation (0.280) increases. Also, managers' budgetary performance by increasing budgetary motivation (0.305) and managers' propensity to budgetary slack (0.382), will increase. However, increasing budgetary participation have no effect on managers' budgetary perception in terms of budgetary attitude (-0.085), propensity to budgetary slack (0.208) and budgetary motivation (-0.1). Budgetary feedback also has not the power to influence managers' budgetary perception in terms of budget attitude (-0.220), propensity to budgetary slack (0.271) and budgetary motivation (0.066). In addition, between budgetary evaluation and managers' propensity to budgetary slack (0.139) and also between budgetary attitude and budgetary performance (-0.055) have no significant relationship was observed. The results of the Sobel test also confirmed the mediating role of the budgetary motivation (3.050) in the relationship between budgetary evaluation and budgetary performance. Conclusion: Hospital managers and policymaker via giving more importance to budget evaluation can improve managers' budgetary motivation and attitude; Also, they can improve the performance of hospital budgets by improving budgetary motivation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - A Factor Analytic Study on Service Quality Perceptions and Satisfaction in the E- Tourism
M. Matta S. Verma -
Open Access Article
5 - Impact of OCB-Specific Meanings on Employees’ Display of OCB: A Perspective in Pakistan
R. Kan -
Open Access Article
6 - The Effect of Ethical Perceptions on the Purchase Intentions with the Role of Consumer–Corporate Identification and Brand Trust (Case Study: Samsung Mobile Customers)
mohammad ali nasimi samira paliThe scope of moral consumerism transcends cultural boundaries and as a result quality, price, social behavior, innovation and ethical perspectives lead to consumer choice. The effect of ethical perceptions on the purchase intentions with the role of consumer–corpo MoreThe scope of moral consumerism transcends cultural boundaries and as a result quality, price, social behavior, innovation and ethical perspectives lead to consumer choice. The effect of ethical perceptions on the purchase intentions with the role of consumer–corporate identity and brand trust. Its statistical population includes all customers of Samsung in Tehran, from which 384 people were selected by non-probability sampling method. The data of this study were collected through the questionnaire of Javed et al. (2019). The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by its visual and content methods and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha. SPSS and LISREL software were used in data analysis. The findings showed that ethical perceptions on the intention to buy with the role of consumer identity from the organization and trust in brands are significant. Consumer–corporate identification and brand trust are significant on the purchase intentions. The effect of ethical perception on consumer–corporate identification and brand trust was significantly adjusted by gender, customer age, education and location. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - The Impact of Real Earning Management on Investors' Asymmetric Perceptions in the Capital Market: Examination of the moderating role of Excess Stock Price Volatility
Leila Zamanianfar Bahman Banimahd zahra dianati dalamiInvestors' perceptions in the capital market will not only influence individual decision-making and the allocation of monetary resources to the investment on corporate stocks, but also affect the total capital market. Investors' asymmetric perceptions are not usually in MoreInvestors' perceptions in the capital market will not only influence individual decision-making and the allocation of monetary resources to the investment on corporate stocks, but also affect the total capital market. Investors' asymmetric perceptions are not usually influenced by one measure because of the extent of the expansion, but in a general segmentation it can be attributed to macroeconomic dimensions and industry-level criteria. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of real earning management on the investors' asymmetric perceptions in the capital market with regard to the moderating role of Excess Stock Price Volatility. In this study, 102 companies in Tehran stock exchange that were selected through systematic elimination sampling were evaluated in the period of 2015 -2019. Logistic regression was used because of the biased measurement of the dependent variable of this study, namely investors' asymmetric perceptions.The results showed that real earnings management has a significant positive effect on investors' asymmetric perceptions. It was also found that Excess Stock Price Volatility intensifies the positive impact of real earnings management on investors' asymmetric perceptions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - The Effect of Futurology in Religious Rules to Manage Society Based on the Theory of Constructional Perceptions
Seyyed Hatam Mahdavinoor Hossein Hajipour Isa MolaviThe purpose of the present study is to survey legislation model in Islamic religion and Sharī’at to manage society based on the theory of constructional perceptions by Allāmah Tabātabā’ī. The method of study is descriptive analysis and the results showed tha MoreThe purpose of the present study is to survey legislation model in Islamic religion and Sharī’at to manage society based on the theory of constructional perceptions by Allāmah Tabātabā’ī. The method of study is descriptive analysis and the results showed that in terms of a human’s changing needs, Islam instead of a fixed law, has raised some principles by which Islamic scholars can gain awareness about the possible future and choose the optimal religious future. Within the framework of these principles and in line with time and place conditions, they can legislate proper, guiding, and felicity laws and structures to make a favorable future. These laws may differ from one place and time to another. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - The Moderating Effect of Organizational Commitment on the Relationship between Employees' Perceptions of Workplace Spirituality and Spiritual Intelligence in Isfahan Steel Company
maryam yazdani Akbar Etebarian Mehdi AbzariThe purpose of this research was to study the moderating effect of organizational commitment on the relationship between employees' perceptions of workplace spirituality and spiritual intelligence. This practical research is a field survey and its nature is descriptiv MoreThe purpose of this research was to study the moderating effect of organizational commitment on the relationship between employees' perceptions of workplace spirituality and spiritual intelligence. This practical research is a field survey and its nature is descriptive and correlative. The statistical population of this research is formal suort staff in expertise position and higher of the Isfahan steel factory in 2012 which are reported to be 500 persons. The number of samples was counted 217 persons using the table, and sampling was done randomly. The Rego & Cunha questionnaire was used to collect information for workplace spirituality, King questionnaire was used for spiritual intelligence and Allen &Meyer questionnaire was used for organizational commitment . The reliabilities of 3 questionnaires were calculated To be 0.92,0.94, 0.87. For data analysis, inferential statistics methods (pearson correlation, hierarchical multiple regression ) were used. The results of this research showed that there is a positive and significant correlation between employees' perceptions of workplace spirituality and spiritual intelligence (P < 0.01) Also The moderating effect of organizational commitment on the relationship between employees' perceptions of workplace spirituality and spiritual intelligence was confirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Teachers’ Practices and Students’ Preferences of Grammar-centered Written Corrective Feedback in Iran
Hooman Saeli -
Open Access Article
11 - Students’ perceptions about writing portfolios: A case of Iranian EFL students
Behrooz Ghoorchaei Mansoor Tavakoli -
Open Access Article
12 - EFL Teacher Educators’ Perceptions of Inquiry-based Pedagogy: A Glance through its Prerequisites and Challenges
Rasoul Salehi Parviz Alavinia -
Open Access Article
13 - On the Efficacy of Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) Workshops: Academic Behavior and Perceptions in Focus
Rana Najjari Gholam-Reza Abbasian Massood Yazdanimoghaddam -
Open Access Article
14 - CAT Tools in Translation Proficiency Development: Iranian EFL Students' Perceptions in Focus
Zahra Sadat Khadem Olhosseiny Mohammad Iman AskariThis research investigated the perceptions of Iranian EFL students regarding the use of Computer-Assisted Translation (CAT) tools and explored the aspects the tools that contributed to their proficiency development. An exploratory-descriptive qualitative design was adop MoreThis research investigated the perceptions of Iranian EFL students regarding the use of Computer-Assisted Translation (CAT) tools and explored the aspects the tools that contributed to their proficiency development. An exploratory-descriptive qualitative design was adopted to fulfil the objectives of the study by concerning a focus-group interview and a self-report questionnaire for which a total number of 112 students majoring in translation studies were purposively selected. The participants, enrolled in translation programs at various universities across Iran, represented diverse backgrounds, language pairs, and levels of experience. The study commenced with focus group interviews with a subset of participants to gather in-depth insights into their experiences and attitudes towards CAT tools. Thematic analysis was applied to analyze the data collected from the interviews. With reference to the data gathered through the interviews, an adapted thematic-based Likert scale questionnaire was applied to assess participants' perceptions of CAT tools considering usage patterns, perceived benefits and challenges. The questionnaire was cross-validated according to the first phase data analysis using Cronbach’s Alpha. The findings revealed that students held a generally positive perception of CAT tools, recognizing their potential in enhancing translation proficiency development. CAT tools were identified as effective tools for increasing productivity and efficiency, ensuring improved consistency in translations, saving time and costs, enhancing quality assurance, and facilitating collaboration and teamwork. The study suggested pedagogical implications for translation education via integrating CAT tool training into the curriculum for a better preparation of the students to meet their proficient and professional demands. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - طراحی و اعتبارسنجی بازخوردهای اصلاحی مقیاس ترجیحی: هدف قرارگیری ویژگی های زمینه ای
Mohammad Rahimi Shahram Afraz Amin Karimniyaمطالعه حاضر تلاشی برای کشف ساختارهای زیر بنایی اساسی عامل اساسی پرسشنامه محقق ساز مربوط به بازخوردهای اصلاحی بود که برای تعیین ادراک معلمان زبان انگلیسی از اثربخشی بازخوردهای اصلاحی طراحی شده است. برای این منظور، 150 معلم زبان انگلیسی مرد و زن از موسسات خصوص Moreمطالعه حاضر تلاشی برای کشف ساختارهای زیر بنایی اساسی عامل اساسی پرسشنامه محقق ساز مربوط به بازخوردهای اصلاحی بود که برای تعیین ادراک معلمان زبان انگلیسی از اثربخشی بازخوردهای اصلاحی طراحی شده است. برای این منظور، 150 معلم زبان انگلیسی مرد و زن از موسسات خصوصی زبان به علت موجودیت و در دسترس بودن برای شرکت در مطالعه انتخاب شدند. برای دستیابی به یک نمونه مناسب برای اعتبار سنجی سازه (تحلیل عاملی)، دقت شد که حداقل 125 شرکتکننده انتخاب شوند سن شرکت کنندگان از 27 تا 38 سال بود. در پژوهش حاضر از دو ابزار تحقیق شامل مصاحبه و پرسشنامه جدید طراحی شده توسط محقق در این زمینه استفاده شد. یافتهها نشان داد که ساختارهای عاملی زیربنایی پرسشنامه محقق ساز جدید شامل نوع خطا و نوع بازخود اصلاحی ، زمان بازخورد و استراتژی معلمان، سطح مهارت و پیشبرنامهریزی، درک شده توسط فراگیران، تصور منفی و تفاوت جنسیتی، تسلط، اصلاح و افزایش بازخورد اصلاحی است. علاوه بر این، یک پرسشنامه جدید جهت بازخورد های اصلاحی برای درک معلمان زبان انگلیسی از اثربخشی بازخوردهای اصلاحی طراحی شده است. در نهایت، پیامدهای مطالعه ارائه شده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - The impact of a brand's country of origin and manufacturer on customers' perceptions of a country's institutional environment and their purchasing decisions taking into account the moderating role of beliefs arising from customer trust
Seyyed Reza Jalalzadeh Amir Momeni -
Open Access Article
17 - Analyzing the perception and lived experience of primary school teachers regarding creativity
صدیقه یاسمی marjan kianPurpose: The present research was conducted with the purpose of analyzing the perception and lived experience of teachers regarding creativity in the elementary school. Methodology: The research approach is qualitative, which was carried out using the phenomenological m MorePurpose: The present research was conducted with the purpose of analyzing the perception and lived experience of teachers regarding creativity in the elementary school. Methodology: The research approach is qualitative, which was carried out using the phenomenological method. The research community included elementary school teachers in Tehran in the academic year of 1399-1400. The sampling method in the present study was the purposeful sampling of the sampling type of normal cases. Finally, data saturation was achieved by conducting 13 interviews with experienced teachers. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview. This type of interview is suitable for qualitative research due to its depth and flexibility. Face-to-face interviews were not possible due to the corona situation and school closures. Therefore, the interview was conducted online. In order to analyze the collected data, the seven-step Claysey method was used. Research findings: the in-depth analysis of views on the concept of creativity led to the identification of three main themes with the title 1- the nature of creativity; 2- creative student and 3- creative teacher and thirteen subthemes. Also, a detailed analysis of the teachers' views on creativity development methods led to the extraction of two main themes titled 1- factors related to the teacher and 2- factors related to the curriculum and eight sub-themes. Finally, a detailed and meticulous examination of the teachers' views regarding the barriers to fostering creativity led to the classification of three main themes under the title 1- Barriers related to students; 2- Barriers related to teachers and 3- Barriers related to curriculum and eleven sub-themes. Conclusion: The findings of this research can be used to create a targeted approach to verify teachers' belief systems and address their incomplete perceptions of creativity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Failing a course: A diary case study of an Iranian EFL student
Alireza Bonyadi -
Open Access Article
19 - Study of Influencing Factor on Sustainable Behavior
Javad Abbasi Atefeh ReaeiChanging lifestyle and consumption pattern being the aftermath of population and urbanization growth, is putting a strain on environment and sustainable development. When concerns increase, consumption behavior and production program might be the way of protecting envir MoreChanging lifestyle and consumption pattern being the aftermath of population and urbanization growth, is putting a strain on environment and sustainable development. When concerns increase, consumption behavior and production program might be the way of protecting environment and resources for next generation. The consumption value perceptions are identified in the study as the drivers of sustained green product consumption and intention to pay the green price premium using the theory of consumption values. Environmental attitude, contextual factors and consumer innovativeness are included as the first-order constructs. Research method is descriptive survey. Data was collected randomly through390 people of Tehran people based method using structured questionnaires. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was applied for testing the hypothesized model. Results co Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - نظرات زبانآموزان دبیرستانی نسبت به اصلاح نوشتاری خطاهای گرامری
Mina Jodaieتحقیق حاضر نظرات زبانآموزان دبیرستانی را در ارتباط با اصلاح نوشتاری خطاهای گرامری مورد بررسی قرار داده است. به این منظور پرشسنامهای بین 100 زبانآموز سطح متوسط که از طریق آزمون تعیین سطح انتخاب شده بودند توزیع گردید.همچنین مصاحبه شفاهی با 10 نفر از آنهاانجام شد. نت Moreتحقیق حاضر نظرات زبانآموزان دبیرستانی را در ارتباط با اصلاح نوشتاری خطاهای گرامری مورد بررسی قرار داده است. به این منظور پرشسنامهای بین 100 زبانآموز سطح متوسط که از طریق آزمون تعیین سطح انتخاب شده بودند توزیع گردید.همچنین مصاحبه شفاهی با 10 نفر از آنهاانجام شد. نتایج نشان میدهد که زبانآموزان تمایل بالایی به دریافت اصلاحات جامع گرامری درهر مرحلهای از بازنویسی متن اصلی داشتند. با این وجود اصلاح کاربرد نادرست کلمات و زمان افعال برای آنها مهمتر از سایر خطاهای گرامری بود. زبانآموزان همچنین نظرات مشترکی نسبت به روشهای مختلف اصلاح خطاهای نوشتاری ابراز کردند. این نتایج میتواند کاربردهای برای تدریس مهارت نگارش به فراگیران زبان انگلیسی داشته باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - به دنبال توانمندی ارتباطی بین فرهنگی در فضای انگلیسی به عنوان زبان خارجی: بررسی ادراکات معلمان انگلیسی ایران
موسی رضا بنفشه محدثه خسروی Mavadat Saidiبه دنبال دانش ارتباطی بین فرهنگی در بافت انگلیسی به عنوان زبان خارجی: بررسی ادراکات معلمان زبان ایرانی جهانی شدن باعث افزایش ارتباط میان افرادی با پیش زمینه های زبانی و فرهنگی بسیار شده است (بایرم، 2008) و در نتیجه اخیرا، نقش مهم فرهنگ در آموزش زبان خا Moreبه دنبال دانش ارتباطی بین فرهنگی در بافت انگلیسی به عنوان زبان خارجی: بررسی ادراکات معلمان زبان ایرانی جهانی شدن باعث افزایش ارتباط میان افرادی با پیش زمینه های زبانی و فرهنگی بسیار شده است (بایرم، 2008) و در نتیجه اخیرا، نقش مهم فرهنگ در آموزش زبان خارجی پررنگ تر از پیش شده است (فیپز و گنزالز، 2004). در نتیجه، دانش ارتباطی بین فرهنگی به عنوان رکنی مهم در یادگیری و آموزش زبان مطرح شده است (بایرم و زاراته، 1997). البته، این دانش به عنوان نتیجه ی ضمنی خودبخود آموزش زبان خارجی تلقی می شود (میر، 1991) و به نظر می رسد معلمان نقشی مهم در آموزش بین فرهنگی دارند که این نقش در محیطهای انگلیسی به عنوان زبان خارجی حائز اهمیت بیشتری است (هن و سانگ، 2011). مطالعه ی حاضر در تلاش است ادراکات معلمان زبان ایرانی را در مورد توانمندی ارتباطی بین فرهنگی در حال حاضر بررسی نماید. همچنین در تلاش است به این مسئله بپردازد که آیا تجربه ی معلمان می تواند بر ادراک آنها از این توانمندی تاثیر گذارد. بدین منظور، از 100 معلم زبان خواسته شد تا پرسشنامه ی مربوطه برگرفته از مطالعه ی هن و سانگ (2011) را تکمیل نمایند. نتایج بررسی های کمی و کیفی حاکی از آن بود که شباهتها و تفاوتهایی میان ادراکات معلمان در مورد دانش ارتباطی بین فرهنگی و ارتباط آن با تجربه ی معلمان وجود دارد. نتایج به اهمیت آموزش بین فرهنگی معلمان در فضای زبان آموزی ایران اشاره دارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - درک معلمان و دانشجویان زبان انگلیسی نسبت به قابل آموزش بودن استراتژیهای ارتباطی
راضیه بهروزیان ناصر غفوری سعیده آهنگریمطالعه حاضر، ادراک اساتید و دانشجویان زبان انگلیسی ایرانی را در مورد قابلیت آموزش راهبردهای ارتباطی بررسی کرد. این تحقیق با 20 استاد و 110 دانشجو از دانشگاه ها و موسسات خصوصی زبان انگلیسی در تبریز، ایران انجام شد. مرور ادبیات مربوط به آموزش استراتژیهای ارتباطی نشان داد Moreمطالعه حاضر، ادراک اساتید و دانشجویان زبان انگلیسی ایرانی را در مورد قابلیت آموزش راهبردهای ارتباطی بررسی کرد. این تحقیق با 20 استاد و 110 دانشجو از دانشگاه ها و موسسات خصوصی زبان انگلیسی در تبریز، ایران انجام شد. مرور ادبیات مربوط به آموزش استراتژیهای ارتباطی نشان داد که آموزش این استراتژیها در دهه های گذشته بحث برانگیز بوده است. در حالی که برخی از بحث ها، امکان آموزش استراتژیهای ارتباطی را رد می کنند، بسیاری از مطالعات تجربی، قابل آموزش بودن این استراتژیها را تأیید می کنند. با استفاده از طراحی روش ترکیبی، در این تحقیق از آزمون مهارت زبان، پرسشنامه و مصاحبه برای جمع آوری داده ها استفاده شد. در مرحله کمی ، پاسخ های شرکت کنندگان به پرسشنامه، قبل و بعد از یک دوره 12 هفته ای آموزش استراتژیهای ارتباطی، از نظر آماری مقایسه شد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده های کمی به دست آمده از پرسشنامه از طریق آزمون تی زوجی نشان داد که درک فراگیران نسبت به سودمندی راهبردهای ارتباطی، پس از آموزش به طور قابل توجهی مثبت تر می شود. تجزیه و تحلیل کیفی داده های مصاحبه نشان داد که اکثر اساتید، استراتژیهای ارتباطی را برای آموزش مفید و امکان پذیر می دانند. همچنین مشخص شد که راهبردهای ارتباطی، توانایی دانشجویان زبان انگلیسی را در صحبت کردن مضاعف می کند و آگاهی آنها را نسبت به این استراتژیها افزایش می دهد. این مطالعه می تواند پیامدهای آموزشی برای اساتید و دانشجویان ارائه دهد و زمینه را برای مطالعات بیشتر در این موضوع فراهم نماید. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - اثربخشی گفتمان نقادانه دانشجویان با استفاده از الگوی آموزشی باختین درکلاس مکالمه
فاطمه نیک نژاد ناییج آباد محمدرضا خدارضا داوود مشهدی حیدرتحقیق حاضر تلاشی است جهت بهبود گفتمان نقادانه دانشجویان با استفاده از الگوی آموزشی باختین و بررسی نگرش دانشجویان نسبت به روش آموزشی دیالوکنیکی در کلاس مکالمه زبان انگلیسی. بدین منظور از دانشجویان موسسات آموزشی مختلف، تعداد ۴۷ نفر در این تحقیق به صورت هدفمند شرکت کردند. Moreتحقیق حاضر تلاشی است جهت بهبود گفتمان نقادانه دانشجویان با استفاده از الگوی آموزشی باختین و بررسی نگرش دانشجویان نسبت به روش آموزشی دیالوکنیکی در کلاس مکالمه زبان انگلیسی. بدین منظور از دانشجویان موسسات آموزشی مختلف، تعداد ۴۷ نفر در این تحقیق به صورت هدفمند شرکت کردند. داده های تحقیق حاضر، در دو مرحله کمی و کیفی به صورت روش تحقیق تلفیقی جمع آوری شده است. در مرحله کیفی؛ دو مدرس زبان توسط محققین با روش اموزشی باختبن آشنا شدند تا اصول دیالکتیکی را در یک کلاس آموزش دهند و در کلاس دیگر به عنوان گروه گواه مورد مقایسه قرار بگیرند. این مرحله ۱۲ جلسه آموزشی طول کشید. اطلاعات جمع آوری شده با استفاده از آزمون تی تست در دو گروه مورد مقایسه قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داده است که اصول آموزشی دیالکتیکی باعث مکالمه نقادانه دانشجویان می گردد. مرحله دوم به صورت کیفی انجام شده است. در این مرحله از دانشجویان خواسته شده تا به سوالاتی در زمینه میزان اثربخشی این روش درپیشیرد مکالمه نقادانه به آنها پاسخ دهند. پاسخ دانشجویان جمع آوری و سپس با استفاده از مدل توماس نتایج این تحقیق به چند بخش کلی و جزئی تقسیم شده است که شامل پیشرفت خود یادگیری، پیشرفته سواد انتقادی، تمرین آموزش زبان انگلیسی و بالا بردن عوامل عاطفی و انگیزشی در یادگیری کلاس تقسیم بندی شده است. نتایج این تحقیق می تواند کاربردهای آموزشی در مدیریت کلاس تهیه تدوین مطالب درسی و برنامه ریزی در سیاستهای آموزش زبان داشته باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - The Effect of Curriculum based on Virtual Reality on Primary School Students' Problem Solving Perception and Academic Achievement
sajjad pourbaghban Firooz Mahmoodi Eskandar Fathiazar Behroz KohestaniThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of virtual reality-based curriculum on problem-solving perceptions and academic achievement of sixth grade elementary students in science. The method of the present study was quasi-experimental and the pretest-posttest r MoreThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of virtual reality-based curriculum on problem-solving perceptions and academic achievement of sixth grade elementary students in science. The method of the present study was quasi-experimental and the pretest-posttest research design was with a control group. The statistical population included all sixth grade elementary school students in Tabriz and the statistical sample, due to its semi-experimental nature, included 30 people (15 in the experimental group and 15 in the control group). The experimental group consisted of students who were exposed to education based on a virtual reality-based curriculum model, and the control group consisted of students who were exposed to conventional school education. Hepner and Patterson (1982) problem-solving perception questionnaire and teacher-made academic achievement test were used to collect information. The research data were analyzed using multivariate and univariate Analysis of Variance. Findings showed that virtual reality education has a positive effect on all three components of problem-solving perception (self-confidence, closeness to the problem and personal control) and academic achievement. Therefore, by using virtual reality-based curricula, students' problem-solving perception and academic achievement can be increased Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - بررسی مطالعه جامعه شناختی- فرهنگی عوامل موثر بر جراحی زیبایی زنان ( مطالعه موردی زنان شهرستان نور)
علی اصغر عباسی اسفجیر مصطفی قاسمی -
Open Access Article
26 - Iranian EFL High School Teachers' Perceptions of Virtual Learning System Opportunities, Challenges and Threats
Seyyed Jaffar Rafiee Parviz Alavinia Mehdi Sarkhosh -
Open Access Article
27 - A Qualitative Investigation of Students' Perceptions of Flipped learning
Shahriar Jalili Hamidreza Khalaji Hossein Ahmadi -
Open Access Article
28 - Students’ Perceived Classroom Climate and Their Achievement Goal Orientations in an Iranian EFL Context
Saeedeh Mohammadi Mohammad Aliakbari -
Open Access Article
29 - The Contribution of Cornell Note-Taking Strategy Instruction to the Listening Comprehension of Iranian EFL Learners: A Case of Learners’ Perception
Shahrzad Amini zahra sadati -
Open Access Article
30 - The Effect of Intensive versus Extensive Recasts and Textual Enhancements on Iranian EFL Learners’ Grammatical and Lexical Development: Exploring Students' Perceptions in Online Classes Considering the Role of Working Memory Capacity
Farzaneh Bahadori Mohammad Bavali Mohammad Riasati Samad Mirza Suzani -
Open Access Article
31 - Iranian EFL Teachers’ Perceptions of the Different Features of Mediation
Mahbubeh Rezaeian -
Open Access Article
32 - Effects of Farmers’ Perceptions of the National Farmers’ Day Awards Scheme on Farm Productivity in Ghana
Fadilah Mohammed Lambon Joseph Thomas Ayaaba -
Open Access Article
33 - Accuracy of Extension Professionals’ and Farmers’ Perceptions regarding Privatization and Commercialization of Agricultural Extension Services
Ajieh Patrick Chuks -
Open Access Article
34 - بررسی ادراک به نژادگران نسبت به مزایا و معایب به کارگیری به نژادی مشارکتی در ایران
امیر نعیمی مصطفی کرباسیون فاطمه عباسیهدف این پژوهش بررسی مزایا و معایب به­کارگیری به­نژادی مشارکتی بود. 76 به­نژادگر از بین 95 به­نژادگر موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح بذر و نهال کرج، به عنوان نمونه مورد مطالعه به طور تصادفی انتخاب شدند. داده­ها از طریق پرسشنامه به عنوان ابزار تح Moreهدف این پژوهش بررسی مزایا و معایب به­کارگیری به­نژادی مشارکتی بود. 76 به­نژادگر از بین 95 به­نژادگر موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح بذر و نهال کرج، به عنوان نمونه مورد مطالعه به طور تصادفی انتخاب شدند. داده­ها از طریق پرسشنامه به عنوان ابزار تحقیق گرد­آوری شده است. روایی ظاهری و محتویی پرسشنامه توسط پانلی از متخصصان ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی بازبینی و تایید شد. پایایی پرسشنامه بین 83/0 تا 92/0 بدست آمد. یافته­های توصیفی پژوهش نشان دادند که به­نژادگران ادراک مثبتی درخصوص به­کارگیری به­نژادی مشارکتی داشتند. نتایج آزمون همبستگی نشان می­دهد که همبستگی مثبت و معنی­داری در سطح خطای یک درصد بین سطح آشنایی با به­نژادی مشارکتی، مزایا و ادراک به­نژادگران نسبت به به­کارگیری به­نژادی مشارکتی وجود داشت. هم­چنین همبستگی منفی و معنی­داری در سطح خطای یک درصد بین معایب به­نژادی مشارکتی و ادراک به­نژادگران درخصوص بکارگیری آن وجود داشت. نتایج حاصل از تجزیه و تحلیل رگرسیون به روش گام به گام نشان داد که دو متغیر مزایا و معایب به­کارگیری به­نژادی مشارکتی، در مجموع 58 درصد از تغییرات ادراک به­نژادگران درخصوص به­کارگیری به­نژادی مشارکتی را تبیین می­کنند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - The Impact of Employees' Perceptions of Organizational Righteousness on Organizational Silence with a Moderating Role in Understanding Leadership Behavior in Isfahan Azad University
Abbas Ghaedamini Harouni Mehrdad Sadeghi de cheshmehThe purpose of current research was determining the effect of employee perceptions for Isfahan Azad University of organizational Silence through leadership behavior on organizational silence based on correlation type descriptive approach. Population of the research was MoreThe purpose of current research was determining the effect of employee perceptions for Isfahan Azad University of organizational Silence through leadership behavior on organizational silence based on correlation type descriptive approach. Population of the research was consisted of all the 422 employees of Isfahan Azad University which 154 participant employees was chosen based on Tabachnick and fidell Formula by an available random sampling method. The information gathering tools were three questionnaire consist of the perception of organizational integrity, Kameron et.al (2004), the leadership behavior of Goba (2013) and the organizational silence of Valkola and Budras (2005). Formal validity of each questionnaire was verified by the supervisor and some of responders. Also reliability of questionnaires was calculated by the coefficient alpha of Cronbach to be 0.93 for the perception of organizational integrity, 0.98 for the leadership behavior and 0.92 for the organizational silence questionnaire. To analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient, stepwise regression, and structural equation modeling) were used. Results showed that the dimensions of the perception of integrity included integration with the T-value of 8.12 / 5, forgiveness with a t-value of 3.590, and sympathy with the t-value of 391.3 at 95% confidence level, are dependent to the predictive power of the variable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - امکان سنجی آموزش راهبردهای ارتباطی از دیدگاه معلمان و دانشجویان زبان انگلیسی
رضیه بهروزیان ناصر غفوری سعیده آهنگریپژوهش حاضر سعی در بررسی ادراکات معلمان و دانشآموزان از امکان آموزش راهبردهای ارتباطی (CSs) در بین زبانآموزان پیش متوسطه انگلیسی بهعنوان یک زبان خارجی دارد. مروری بر ادبیات مرتبط نشان میدهد که آموزشپذیری CSs منبع بحث و جدل در میان محققان مختلف بوده است. شرکت کنندگان Moreپژوهش حاضر سعی در بررسی ادراکات معلمان و دانشآموزان از امکان آموزش راهبردهای ارتباطی (CSs) در بین زبانآموزان پیش متوسطه انگلیسی بهعنوان یک زبان خارجی دارد. مروری بر ادبیات مرتبط نشان میدهد که آموزشپذیری CSs منبع بحث و جدل در میان محققان مختلف بوده است. شرکت کنندگان در این پژوهش 20 معلم زبان انگلیسی و 110 دانشجوی آنها از سه دانشگاه و یک موسسه خصوصی در تبریز بودند. در این مطالعه ترکیبی از سه ابزار تحقیق برای جمع آوری داده ها استفاده شد: آزمون مهارت زبان، پرسشنامه اصلاح شده و مصاحبه ساختاریافته. مرحله کمی شامل اجرای پرسشنامه CSs در ابتدا و انتهای دوره و دستورالعمل های مربوط به این استراتژی ها به مدت 12 هفته بود. مرحله کیفی شامل تجزیه و تحلیل پاسخ های معلمان به مصاحبه و کدگذاری نظرات به صورت موضوعی توسط محقق بود. پس از تجزیه و تحلیل دادههای کمی با اجرای آزمون تی زوجی، مشخص شد که دانشجویان زبان انگلیسی امکان آموزش راهبردهای ارتباطی را تأیید کرده و پیشنهاد میکنند که CSها قابل آموزش و مفید هستند. مفهوم مهم پژوهش این است که آموزش استراتژی عامل پیشرفت بوده و آموزش راهبردهای ارتباطی از نظر آموزشی امکان پذیر بوده و آموزش آنها برای دانش آموزان مفید است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - EFL Students’ Perceptions of Discussion-based Activities by Using Mobile Phone Technology
Tahereh Khezrab Reza Raissi ندا Hedayat -
Open Access Article
38 - Direct and Semi-Direct Validation: Test Takers’ Perceptions, Evaluations and Anxiety towards Speaking Module of an English Proficiency Test
Houman Bijani Mona Khabiri -
Open Access Article
39 - بررسی دیدگاههای زبان آموزان در مورد بازخورد اصلاحی صریح و بازخورد اصلاحی داربستی نسبت به استفاده از حروف تعریف انگلیسی در گفتار
Lotfollah Samaee احسان رسایی محمد بوالیاین تحقیق دیدگاههای زبانآموزان ایرانی را در مورد دو نوع بازخورد اصلاحی داربستی و صریح در گفتار بررسی میکند. بدین منظور، 30 نفر زبانآموز دختر سطح متوسط با دامنه سنی 15 تا 20 سال از یک موسسه زبان در شهرستان بهبهان به طور تصادفی به دو گروه بازخورد اصلاحی صریح و با Moreاین تحقیق دیدگاههای زبانآموزان ایرانی را در مورد دو نوع بازخورد اصلاحی داربستی و صریح در گفتار بررسی میکند. بدین منظور، 30 نفر زبانآموز دختر سطح متوسط با دامنه سنی 15 تا 20 سال از یک موسسه زبان در شهرستان بهبهان به طور تصادفی به دو گروه بازخورد اصلاحی صریح و بازخورد اصلاحی داربستی تقسیم شدند. این تحقیق با روش کیفی در قالب مجموعهای از مصاحبههای نیمه ساختار یافته به منظور بررسی عمیق دیدگاه زبانآموزان نسبت به دو نوع بازخورد اصلاحی مورد بحث انجام شد. یافتههای مصاحبه نشان داد که نیمی از زبانآموزان در گروه بازخورد اصلاحی صریح نسبت به این نوع بازخورد نگرشی مثبت داشتند در حالی که نیمی دیگر تمایل چندانی نداشتند. به همین ترتیب، تعداد زیادی از زبانآموزان در هر دو گروه معتقد بودند که بازخورد اصلاحی معلم، حواسشان را پرت میکند. با این حال، اکثریت قریب به اتفاق زبانآموزان در گروه داربستی این نوع بازخورد را مفید دانستند. کاربرد یافتهها نیز توضیح داده شده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Analysis of “the Paradox of Sensory Knowledge” in Aristotle’s Philosophy
کرامت ورزدار Ahad Faramarz Gharamaleki Abd AlRasool KashfiIn Aristotle's philosophy, knowledge begins with the senses, and sensory perceptions bring knowledge to man through the activity of the "nous" faculty. Unlike Plato, Aristotle denies any innate knowledge; but on the other hand, he clearly states that sensory perceptions MoreIn Aristotle's philosophy, knowledge begins with the senses, and sensory perceptions bring knowledge to man through the activity of the "nous" faculty. Unlike Plato, Aristotle denies any innate knowledge; but on the other hand, he clearly states that sensory perceptions do not belong to knowledge and one cannot acquire knowledge to the senses. This creates a paradox in Aristotle's philosophy. If sensory perceptions do not belong to knowledge, how does knowledge arise from "what does not belong to knowledge" and because of the lack of which component of "knowledge", these perceptions do not belong to "knowledge"? According to the authors, the solution to this paradox goes back to the definition of "knowledge" and the possible role of sensory perceptions in the emergence of knowledge in Aristotle. Aristotle does not consider knowledge to be merely "justified true belief" but narrows the scope of "knowledge" to other conditions such as necessity and causality. Therefore, although belief in sensations is a true belief, but these perceptions do not belong to "knowledge" due to the lack of the condition of generality and causality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - The impact of AllamehTabatabai’s derivative perceptions theory on philosophy and ethics
Reza Bani asadiOne of Allameh Tabatabai’s significant innovations in the philosophy is derivative Perceptions Theory. In this theory, he has classified the derivative perceptions into three categories: the quality of the emerging of derivative sciences by human being, the qualit MoreOne of Allameh Tabatabai’s significant innovations in the philosophy is derivative Perceptions Theory. In this theory, he has classified the derivative perceptions into three categories: the quality of the emerging of derivative sciences by human being, the quality of the origination of multiplicity in the sciences and the quality of the relationship between derivative sciences and real and true effects. Epistemologically, this theory can affect profoundly many issues in several sciences, or at least it is supposed to have such impacts on some areas. As far as effectiveness is concerned, the theory can be compared to or at least be considered close to Mollasadra’s Theory of substantial movement. This paper attempts to explain the impacts of this theory on different sciences, it briefly explains the impacts of derivative perceptions theory on philosophy and ethics. Some critics about these impacts are also addressed in the paper. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - The critical analysis of the truth of moral propositions in the light of the explanation of human acts
Reza kayed khordeh Ghasem ali kouchnaniThe destiny of many issues in the moral philosophy is tied to this subject namely the truth of moral propositions. There are two main theories about it; some believe that the universal principles of ethics reflect the external world and the others deny that. Confliction MoreThe destiny of many issues in the moral philosophy is tied to this subject namely the truth of moral propositions. There are two main theories about it; some believe that the universal principles of ethics reflect the external world and the others deny that. Conflictions between these scholars have been continued intensively, to now. According to the author, this problem in moral philosophy will be solved basically by Anthropology. In the other word, for the proponents of the reflective moral propositions, only will be two options: 1) they have to show that the ethical issues can also be resolved without discussing on the reflective elements. 2) Or at least they need to explain that the non-reflective elements must be ignored in the moral general principles. Therefore, for judging appropriately between these two groups, should be discussed on two affairs: "the necessity of abstractive perceptions" and " the criteria of derivation" .The other group, in the light of the explanation of voluntary human actions, proves that above mentioned ways are blocked. Firstly, human actions cannot be explained without believing in derivative perceptions, secondly, ethical propositions, particularly the universal principles, have standard of the derivation, therefore they are abstractive and non-reflective. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - A Model Test of Effective Factors on Political Behaviors in Sports Ministry and Federations in 1395
robab mokhtari alimohammad safania Hossein poursoltan zarandiThe purpose of this study was to design and test a model of factors influencing political behaviours in the sports industry. The present research is applied in the field of survey method in terms of the purpose of data collection. The statistical population of the surve MoreThe purpose of this study was to design and test a model of factors influencing political behaviours in the sports industry. The present research is applied in the field of survey method in terms of the purpose of data collection. The statistical population of the survey includes all employees (1498) of the Ministry of Sports and federations. Among them, 705 people were randomly selected as research sample. Data collection was done by distributing the questionnaire. The staff completed the questionnaire of Machiavellism, self-esteem, control centre, job independence, feedback, and variety of skills, relationship with the manager, focus, formalization, and participation in decision making, procedural justice and perception of organizational politics. SPSS version 19 and PLS software were used to analyze the data and to test the hypotheses. The findings showed that the proposed model has good fit with the data. In addition, the role of mediating perceptions of organizational politics and the moderating role of political will was confirmed. In organizations, politics is a fact of life. Those who can not understand political behaviours cannot understand the fact that the organization is a political system. Therefore, organizations have to move towards becoming a politician, and managers in this regard must make the necessary efforts in order to achieve organizational goals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - The Effect of Parental Physical Activity on Children's Physical Activity: the mediating role of children's perceptions of parental support
Narges Azam nezami ali zarei farshad tojari hamid sajadiAbstractThe main purpose was to investigate the effect of parental physical activity on children's physical activity: the mediating role of children's perceptions of parental support. The statistical population consisted of 9-11-year-old male and female students in Tehr MoreAbstractThe main purpose was to investigate the effect of parental physical activity on children's physical activity: the mediating role of children's perceptions of parental support. The statistical population consisted of 9-11-year-old male and female students in Tehran and their parents (299610). Based on Morgan table, 384 students were selected and 400 questionnaires were distributed through cluster sampling. In this study, physical activity questionnaires for children of Kowalski et al. (1997), children's perceptions of parental support Wilk et al. (2018), and Physical Activity for parental of Craig et al.(2003)questionnaires were used. Results showed that parental physical activity (β = 0.12, t = 1.19) had no significant effect on children's physical activity. However, parental physical activity (β = 0.23, t = 2.36) on children's perception of parental support, and children's perception of parental support (t = 4.51, β = 0.39) on children's physical activity had a significant positive effect. Finally, the mediating role of children's perceptions of parental support on the impact of parental physical activity on children's physical activity was confirmed and the research model showed a good fit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Comparing EFL Language Teachers and Students’ Perceptions of Teacher’s Interpersonal Behavior: A Case Study in an Online Iranian Context
Emad Omidpour Mohammad Bavali Fatemeh BehjatTeachers’ interpersonal behavior and the way it is perceived are considered to be determining factors in the quality of any educational context. However, due to the lack of face-to-face interactions in an online context, this issue is under question. Since this phenomen MoreTeachers’ interpersonal behavior and the way it is perceived are considered to be determining factors in the quality of any educational context. However, due to the lack of face-to-face interactions in an online context, this issue is under question. Since this phenomenon has not been studied in an online environment, the primary objective of the present case study was to explore how experienced EFL teachers and their students perceived teacher interpersonal behavior in online classes and the extent to which the two groups’ perceptions either converged or diverged in six selected online classes in Shiraz, Iran. The samples of the study were six EFL teachers and their respective 106 language students. To gather the data, The Questionnaire on Teacher Interaction (QTI) was administered to both groups to assess the eight scales of interpersonal behavior and dimensions. To analyze the data, the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test was employed to compare the two groups in terms of interpersonal behavior dimensions and scales. Accordingly, the results revealed that the EFL teachers and their students perceived the teachers to be moderately dominant and highly cooperative. There was a high level of convergence between the experienced teachers and their students’ perceptions of interpersonal behavior in terms of the Influence and Proximity dimensions. The Student Responsibility Freedom and Strict scales, however, were rated higher by teachers than their students. Following the findings, the present case study provides particular implications in the field of applied linguistics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - The Role of Illness Perception and Craving in Predicting Treatment Motivation for Drug-Dependent Individuals
sajad almardani diba khosravinia Akbar atadokht sajad basharpoor mohammad narimaniOne of the variables that plays a key role in the continuity of dependence, suicide and recurrence is cravings. Drug craving is the most important factor in returning to drug use, and the core of addiction. illness perceptions is also effective in motivating people to c MoreOne of the variables that plays a key role in the continuity of dependence, suicide and recurrence is cravings. Drug craving is the most important factor in returning to drug use, and the core of addiction. illness perceptions is also effective in motivating people to cure the issues, such as perceiving the nature, cause, duration and effectiveness of control, treatment and improvement. The aim of this study was survey the role of illness perception and craving in predicting treatment motivation for drug-dependent individuals. For this purpose 150 people were selected by sampling method from drug addiction centers in the city of Shiraz. They were evaluated for perceived illness, craving and motivation for treatment. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that recognition relates positively to therapy outcomes, disease consistency but negatively correlated with craving. Ambivalence relates positively to disease consistency but negatively correlated with craving. Taking Steps elates positively to disease consistency but negatively correlated with craving. The results multiple regression showed that 16% variance of recognition, 10% variance of ambivalence and 15% variance taking steps explained by illness perceptions and craving.The present study supports the role of perceived disease and craving in predicting the motivation for drug dependent individuals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Iranian EFL Teachers’ Perceptions of Learner Autonomy and their Beliefs about the Role of Textbooks in Fostering it: A Mixed-Methods Study
Amir Sarkeshikian Sahar FallahIn recent years, there has been a growing recognition of learner autonomy; however, the roles of teachers and language materials in fostering in have not received due attention. This mixed methods study investigated the association between what Iranian teachers perceive MoreIn recent years, there has been a growing recognition of learner autonomy; however, the roles of teachers and language materials in fostering in have not received due attention. This mixed methods study investigated the association between what Iranian teachers perceived of LA and what they thought about the role of textbooks in fostering EFL learners’ LA, and to what extent they believed the principles of LA in their classrooms. The participating teachers were 200 male and female teachers that taught Iranian tenth-grade EFL textbook in senior high schools of Qom, Arak, and Karaj. The first instrument was a questionnaire developed by Borg and Al-Busaidi (2012), which primarily focused on the teachers’ perspectives and opinions about LA. The other questionnaire was used to investigate how Iranian EFL teachers think the EFL textbook Vision 1 helps foster LA. The questionnaire was developed based on the LA principles (Fenner & Newby, 2000). The other instrument was an interview protocol that was developed by the researcher to gain a deeper understanding of teachers’ promoting LA in their teaching. The interview protocol also was based on Fenner and Newbys’ (2000) principles. For this study, the questionnaire data were collected through two questionnaires. Moreover, an interview protocol was used to gather qualitative data from 12 teachers, who participated in the interviews (i.e., 2 face-to-face and 10 online interviews). The result of the bivariate correlation test showed that there was a significant relationship between teachers’ perception of learner autonomy and their opinions about the LA-fostering role of the Iranian 10th-grade EFL textbook. The results of the interview analysis showed that the principles of learner autonomy were largely approved of by the interviewees. The study has some implications for textbook developers, teachers trainers, and teachers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - EFL writing skill requirements and challenges: Teachers and learners perceptions in focus
Esmaiel Kaboli BoroujeniAlthough there have been many studies concentrating on writing development and techniques to improve it, there still remains the need to investigate more and give extra insight to the EFL language learners and teachers on these issues. Using a grounded model of research MoreAlthough there have been many studies concentrating on writing development and techniques to improve it, there still remains the need to investigate more and give extra insight to the EFL language learners and teachers on these issues. Using a grounded model of research, the researchers performed an investigation to examine the various aspects concerning writing challenges, and requirements to improve it. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with an aim to achieve a thorough understanding of the topic by recruiting 25 male and female experienced EFL teachers along with 25 male and female intermediate EFL learners from language institutes in Tehran as the participants of the study through purposeful sampling technique. Then, 5 distinctive questions were chosen for the teachers and another set of 5 different questions for the learners to elicit their perceptions. After gathering the data and identifying the initial codes, the sub-categories emerged and helped the researcher to form the final model. Among the categories, writing strategies like collaborative and game-based, requirements like background, vocabulary, and grammatical knowledge were found to be essential. Based on the findings, a model was developed which is believed to support EFL learners in improving their writing proficiency. Manuscript profile
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