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1 - A comparative study of the eastern and western use of the "lion" symbol by Nizami and Shakespeare
zohreh sakian Mohammad TaheriIssue 68 , Vol. 17 , Spring 2024Symbolism is a literary approach that uses symbols, including words, people, signs, places, or abstract ideas, to represent something beyond their literal and real meanings in the real world. The purpose of this article comparatively compares the similarities and differ MoreSymbolism is a literary approach that uses symbols, including words, people, signs, places, or abstract ideas, to represent something beyond their literal and real meanings in the real world. The purpose of this article comparatively compares the similarities and differences between the concepts that related to the metaphorical and the mythological symbolism of the symbol of " Lion" in Shakespeare's "Othello" and "Hamlet" and great and lyrical work Nezami's "Khosrow and Shirin." The present paper shows that the use of the mythical symbol of "lion" in the expression of both authors includes extensive and particular abstract concepts. In Shakespeare's Hamlet, this symbol has associated with the concepts such as madness, anger, revenge, hatred, and in "Khosrow and Shirin" with glory and grandeur. In the book "Othello" Shakespeare used the symbol of the lion in a different way as a social strategy. An analytical and descriptive study of the symbol of the lion shows that the symbolism of the "lion" has helped writers persuade the reader to understand their mentality and accept fictional characters. In addition, we see that the authors have pursued common rhetorical goals in brevity and exaggeration; the symbol of the " Lion " beside its conventional meanings among different societies, in the works of these two writers, has its similarities in their use. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Analyzing and adapting the narrative structure of Ibn Yamin Faryoumdi's pieces and the sonnet of Arash Azarpik's pieces based on Grimas' action model
zeynab noroozali niloufar masihIssue 68 , Vol. 17 , Spring 2024Many critics, including the Paris school, have studied the structures and narrative forms and examined the elements and rules of their composition. Among others, we can mention the model of Grimas, who, by inventing a system based on the representation of shapes for nar MoreMany critics, including the Paris school, have studied the structures and narrative forms and examined the elements and rules of their composition. Among others, we can mention the model of Grimas, who, by inventing a system based on the representation of shapes for narration, proposes a plan based on how the relationships between units are. Semantics of the school of Paris and Grimas believe that reality is always elusive and the external factors involved in the emergence of the narrative and its real roots are always ambiguous. Therefore, narration is a kind of simulation of reality. In this article, which was done in a descriptive and analytical way and using library sources; By comparing Ibn Yamin's pieces and Arash Azarpik's works based on the action model of Grimas, he tries to answer the question of what kind of relationship (imitationist, revivalist, innovative, heretical, transcendentalist) exists between the works of these two. In fact, the purpose of this research is to investigate the degree of adaptation and understanding as much as possible to the pieces of Ibn Yamin and Arash Azarpik and to recognize the pattern of grimace, and it concludes that the narrative structure of Arash Azarpik's pieces is innovative compared to Ibn Yamin. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Literary literature and a comparative case study of the love letters of Gibran, Khalil Gibran and Anton Chekhov
mohammadnabi ahmadi Hosna MansooriIssue 68 , Vol. 17 , Spring 2024Comparative literature is a branch of literature that compares the literary works of different nations. This article seeks to compare the letters of two famous writers of the world. Romantic Gibran Khalil Gibran and realist Antoine Chekhov have exchanged letters with th MoreComparative literature is a branch of literature that compares the literary works of different nations. This article seeks to compare the letters of two famous writers of the world. Romantic Gibran Khalil Gibran and realist Antoine Chekhov have exchanged letters with their desired women, which are in the field of confessional literature. In order to cross the narrow national borders, this essay is interested in comparative comparison and has extended these correspondences to the cultural context in which the authors were born. In the shadow of this generalization, only the concept of love and woman in their thought is not enough; Rather, in a more comprehensive view, relying on the literary literature, the societies in which these two lived have been compared. Gibran Khalil Gibran and Antoine Chekhov regard the beloved as sacred; But the extent of the effect of love is different in their view. This difference has a reason for which it is necessary to examine its true root in the context of their lives and circumstances. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Study of the various themes of protest literature in Poems Abdul Karim Al-Karami and Aref Qazvini
Dana TalebpourIssue 68 , Vol. 17 , Spring 2024The two countries of Iran and Palestine have been considered by poets and writers due to their common religion, close beliefs and joint socio-political experiences. In the meantime, poets, as literary leaders, relying on their social mission, have played a prominent rol MoreThe two countries of Iran and Palestine have been considered by poets and writers due to their common religion, close beliefs and joint socio-political experiences. In the meantime, poets, as literary leaders, relying on their social mission, have played a prominent role in fertilizing the revolutionary spirit of the people and dismantling the tools of oppression and injustice. Two prominent figures of this mission in these two countries are Abdul Karim Al-Karami and Aref Qazvini, who with their rhetorical and striking poems were able to stand well against the conspiracies of the enemies . In the present study, using the descriptive-analytical method and relying on the American school of comparative literature, some topics in protest literature in the poems of two poets were examined and at the end some results were obtained. Patriotism and protest against the conspiracies of enemies and colonialists, protest against the actions of incompetent rulers, condemning the lack of unity and solidarity of the people, protest against mercenaries and traitors are the most important themes of the protest literature in the poems of the two poets. Both poets with sharp and critical language; Sometimes explicitly and sometimes symbolically, they have condemned the distortions and disorders in the society and have put the revival of national identity on their agenda. Both are considered as one of the causes of disorder as various excuses for division and difference, which in the view of the mystic, the existence of religious differences is one of its basic roots. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Investigating the effect of cultural intelligence on intercultural adaptation and the performance of non-Persian language learners in learning Persian language.
mahdi sadeghiIssue 68 , Vol. 17 , Spring 2024Abstract Today, the issue of teaching and learning in Iran's educational system is very different from the past. Most of this difference is due to the presence of language learners of different nationalities from all over the world. This presence and, as a result, MoreAbstract Today, the issue of teaching and learning in Iran's educational system is very different from the past. Most of this difference is due to the presence of language learners of different nationalities from all over the world. This presence and, as a result, being placed in a new cultural environment, requires intercultural adaptation. In such a situation, for the better performance of language learners and their understanding of intercultural issues, attention to the issue of cultural intelligence and its optimal use is considered a necessity. The current research seeks to examine the effect of these two concepts on the performance of non-Persian language learners in learning Persian by looking at the two concepts of cultural intelligence and intercultural compatibility. To achieve this goal, the theoretical topics presented in this field and a number of researches conducted from domestic and foreign sources were examined. The results obtained from the research indicate that there is a significant relationship between some components of cultural intelligence and intercultural compatibility, and there is a negative relationship between some components and intercultural compatibility. Also, in a situation where cultural intelligence is used optimally, it has a positive effect on intercultural adaptation and the performance of language learners in learning Persian language. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - A comparative analysis of the paradoxes of life and death and the world and the hereafter from the perspectives of Jalāl al-Dīn Muḥammad Rūmī and Abū al-ʿAlāʾ al-Maʿarrī
mahboobeh sadeghi googhari Hamid Reza KharazmiIssue 68 , Vol. 17 , Spring 2024Abstract One factor contributing to the permanence of literary works and texts is the thought underlying these works. In Persian literature, poets and writers have not only composed poems and created literary works, but also introduced theological, moral, philosophica MoreAbstract One factor contributing to the permanence of literary works and texts is the thought underlying these works. In Persian literature, poets and writers have not only composed poems and created literary works, but also introduced theological, moral, philosophical, mystical, and other thoughts into literary works. Mawlānā Jalāl al-Dīn Muḥammad Rūmī is one of the poets of the 7th century AH with mystical thoughts and Abū al-ʿAlāʾ al-Maʿarrī is one of the poets of the 5th century AH with religious and philosophical ideas. Following the American school, the present study sought to perform a comparative analysis of the similarities and differences in the views of two Eastern poets with the same religion but with different ideas about the contradictory issues of existence related to life and death and the world and the hereafter. The results indicated that Mawlānā follows a mystical and philosophical approach to the phenomena with his enlightening lens, but Abū al-ʿAlāʾ follows a poetic philosophy and a skeptical and pessimistic view of these paradoxical concepts. Keywords: Mawlānā, Abū al-ʿAlāʾ, Comparative Literature, Paradoxes Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Comparative study of social structures in the works of Zaydri Nesavi and Najib Mahfouz Based on Goldman's structuralist theories
shohreh behroozeh parnoosh pajhohesh mandana hashemi esfahaniIssue 68 , Vol. 17 , Spring 2024Developmental structuralism in the sociology of literature is one of the new branches in contemporary literary research that sociologist and literary philosophers such as Lucien Goldman and his intellectual leader, George Lukács, have relied on this axis, and acc MoreDevelopmental structuralism in the sociology of literature is one of the new branches in contemporary literary research that sociologist and literary philosophers such as Lucien Goldman and his intellectual leader, George Lukács, have relied on this axis, and according to it, the dialectic of the attitude governing the author and the historical, social space Along with political economy, generalist criteria are proposed in terms of developmental structuralism and literary sociology. Naftah al-Masdoor by Zaydari Nesavi is one of the important literary works and a part of historical and social documents in Persian literature, which has survived since the 7th century, coinciding with the end of the Khwarezmshah era and the beginning of the Mongol era. The works of Najib Mahfouz, the famous Egyptian writer and winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1988, are also about the type of social life of contemporary people and It is the rule of foreigners over his country and economic and cultural poverty. In the current research, relying on the descriptive-analytical method and research based on the comparative school, the comparative analysis of the works of Zaydari Nesavi, especially Nafetha al-Masdur and Najib Mahfouz, has been discussed with Goldman's structuralist view. The results of the research show that Zaydri Nesvi and Najib Mahfouz were not indifferent to the social, political and economic issues of the society of their time in their works and they tried to reach the realities of the society by showing the social Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Comparative comparison of the four elements of natureIn the selected poems of Afshanah Shaban Nejad and Suniye Saleh (Arab poet)
hosein shahabi Maryam Jafari Gholamabbas ZakeriIssue 68 , Vol. 17 , Spring 2024Comparative comparison of the four elements of nature In the selected poems of Afshanah Shaban Nejad and Suniye Saleh (Arab (poet Hossein Shahabi*, Maryam Jafari, Ismail Eslami Abstract In ancient beliefs, the four elements of nature formed the basis of the wor MoreComparative comparison of the four elements of nature In the selected poems of Afshanah Shaban Nejad and Suniye Saleh (Arab (poet Hossein Shahabi*, Maryam Jafari, Ismail Eslami Abstract In ancient beliefs, the four elements of nature formed the basis of the world, and in fact, they are the elements that are tied to the creation of existence in human culture. The aim of this research is to compare the topics related to the four elements of nature in the selected poems of Afshanah Shabannejad (Persian poet) and Suniye Saleh (Arabic poet) after brief introduction of these two authors. Nature is separately investigated and the method of dealing with these concepts is mentioned with examples In this article, the frequent interpretations of the poets in question about nature are discussed, and from a quantitative point of view, Arab poets create works more than Persian poets, while Persian poets use soothing and cheerful words in contrast to Arab poets' use of words. Harsh, fear and illusion, he has created more qualitative works Undoubtedly, nature and its manifestations are one of the main foundations of the poems of Suniye Saleh and Afsan Shaban Nejad, and in this article, using the selected sources of two child and adolescent poets, a comparative study of the four elements of nature (water, wind, earth, and fire) and some words and Interpretations related to the elements of nature have been discussed. Key words: poetry, elements, nature, water, wind, soil, fire Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - A comparative analysis of the story of the island from Ghazaleh Alizadeh and I am going by Jean Eshnoz from the point of view of Bakhtin's views.
Maryam Dibaj rezvan sadeghi ghahsarehIssue 68 , Vol. 17 , Spring 2024Island” by Ghavaleh Alizadeh, is the story of a one-day trip by a man and woman to the Ashūradeh island. This story is some form of a sequel and ending to her “Tehran’s Nights” novel. In this article and using Bakhtin’s polyphony components MoreIsland” by Ghavaleh Alizadeh, is the story of a one-day trip by a man and woman to the Ashūradeh island. This story is some form of a sequel and ending to her “Tehran’s Nights” novel. In this article and using Bakhtin’s polyphony components, we investigated the examples and their use in this story using a descriptive-analytical approach. We first aimed to answer the question regarding the components of polyphony and their use in this novel. To this end, we emphasized intertextuality, multilingualism, and conversational aspects. Afterwards, these components were analyzed in the story. Bakhtin found the true representation of "polyphony" in Dostoyevsky's works; Polyphony means the presence of several sounds. Every character in Dostoyevsky's works is a representation of a voice that represents an individual self - apart from others. Polyphonic thought to the concepts of "infinity" [ to the entry of the endless self in the same entry] and "self and other" is relevant; Because it is the infinity of people that creates real polyphony. The results of this article indicate that the story by Ms Alizadeh has been successful in avoiding singular ideas in its discourse and providing a suitable basis for different ideas and thoughts and different attitudes, leading to acceptance of others as a separate and independent awareness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - A comparative study of color-words in the poems of "Simin Behbahani" and "Golkhsar Safi Ava
Tahereh seyedrezai Fereshte MahjoubIssue 68 , Vol. 17 , Spring 2024Colors affect human understanding of the phenomena of existence. The mental tendency towards color and the use of its spectrums is a reflection of various psychological actions. Each color leaves a special effect on the human body and soul, which can be proven by the tw MoreColors affect human understanding of the phenomena of existence. The mental tendency towards color and the use of its spectrums is a reflection of various psychological actions. Each color leaves a special effect on the human body and soul, which can be proven by the two sciences of physiology and psychology. Poets have a deeper understanding of colors due to their sensual and different view of the world, which is reflected in various ways of illustration, from simile and metaphor to sensibility, defamiliarization and symbolism. The present research has analyzed the poetry of Simin Behbahani and Golrokhsar Safi Ava, two contemporary women poets from Iran and Tajikistan tradition and innovation in their poetry, and many of the deep and incidental images in their poetry have been achieved through the use of color and the creation of innovative words. As a result, both of them have used the color "black" more than any other color in order to overcome, from the perspective of Max Loescher's color theory. Both poets tend to go beyond the sad and hopeless spirit; Nevertheless, in this area, Simin's poems have more frequency, variety of spectrum and more meanings in comparison with Golrokhsar, and its application takes on a realistic and descriptive form. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Intertextual analysis of Symphony of the Dead and Death of a Salesman; Based on Julia Kristeva's theory
HAMID AGHAJANI majid mansoori fatemeh karimiIssue 68 , Vol. 17 , Spring 2024Based on Julia Kristeva's theory, intertextuality is mainly a method that shows that each text is formed on the basis of previous texts, and it is a method that introduces history to structuralism and its orphaned and lonely texts and interpretations. Based on this MoreBased on Julia Kristeva's theory, intertextuality is mainly a method that shows that each text is formed on the basis of previous texts, and it is a method that introduces history to structuralism and its orphaned and lonely texts and interpretations. Based on this method, some previous articles and researches have considered the novel Symphony of the Dead as a reflection of "the novel of fury and uproar" or "the novel of the city I loved once again". Although all these factors can be discussed and investigated, due to the similarity of some cultural aspects and the similarity of some historical and cultural events, such as the occurrence of world wars, the comprehensive system of fascism and capitalism, many literary texts may be combined in terms of structure and content. slow down But what seems certain based on the opinion of the authors is that the most important work that is close to the novel Symphony of the Dead in terms of content and structure is "The Play Death of a Salesman" by Arthur Miller. . In fact, according to the historical parallels, and the common experience of different nations in historical events, we can boldly say that Symphony of the Dead is an Iranian example of the play Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Examining the sources of the story "Slave eats fruit with her king" and the analysis of its narrative elements in Arabic and Persian literature
Seyyed Mohammad Reza Ibnorrasool maryam kalantari somaye HassanalianIssue 68 , Vol. 17 , Spring 2024The story of "Slave eats fruit with her king" is among the educational stories that examples of its prose and verse can be found in Arabic and Persian literature .The oldest source of this narration is related to Arabic literature in the book "Al-imtāʿ wa MoreThe story of "Slave eats fruit with her king" is among the educational stories that examples of its prose and verse can be found in Arabic and Persian literature .The oldest source of this narration is related to Arabic literature in the book "Al-imtāʿ wa al-muʾānasaẗ"of Abu Hayyan Al-Tawhidi (4th century). After that, examples of Arabic and Persian prose and verse have mentioned it until the end of the ninth century. Rumi and Attar have also recreated the verse of this narrative in Persian literature in a creative way.This story which has mentioned in two different narratives leads to the same moral conclusion which is "loyalty and commitment". Therefore, examining the sources of this story not only acquaints posterity with the experiences of different ethnic groups, but also preserves and records the culture and history of the predecessors .This study not only finds the sources and compares the Arabic and Persian sources of the narrative, but also examines its narrative elements such as theme, plot, character, dialogue, perspective and scene, and identifies how Persian verse sources are similar to the old Arabic sources. The most important results of this study which is based on comparative analogy is that, the theme of the story is the same in all the Arabic and Persian sources, and Persian verse anecdotes have arranged the same theme with a different structure with the inspiration of ancient sources. Manuscript profile
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Open Access Article
1 - Reflection of Iranian celebrations in the poetry of Azerbaijani school poets
Leili Kamalvand Manouchehr Joukar Asad AbshiriniIssue 67 , Vol. 17 , Winter 2024Various celebrations have been held in Iran since ancient times; Among them are the celebrations that were held in each month, on the occasion of the symmetry of the name of the day with the name of the month, and each of them was accompanied by special customs. Many of MoreVarious celebrations have been held in Iran since ancient times; Among them are the celebrations that were held in each month, on the occasion of the symmetry of the name of the day with the name of the month, and each of them was accompanied by special customs. Many of these celebrations are forgotten today and are no longer held, but their traces and reflections can be found in the works of the past and classical poets; Among the poets of the Azerbaijani school. Accordingly, this study reflects the Iranian celebrations and related rituals in the poetry of the poets of the Azerbaijani school (with emphasis on Mujir al-Din Bilqani, Nezami, Khaghani and Falak Shervani). According to the findings of this study, among the ancient Iranian celebrations, only four ancient celebrations of Nowruz, Mehregan, Sedeh and Yalda are reflected in the poems of Azerbaijani poets and other ancient celebrations such as: Abangan, Bahmangan, Esfandgan, Tirgan and ... have not been reflected in the poems of these poets. Among these four celebrations, Nowruz celebration had the most reflection in the poems of Azerbaijani school poets and Century celebration had the least reflection among their poems. In total, Nowruz celebration has been repeated 71 times in the poems of these poets and only five times the celebration of the century has been mentioned. The reason for this is the great importance of Nowruz as the most important national holiday among Iranians. This research is a theoretical and library research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Schools of Comparative Literature
Sedigheh Sherkat MoghaddamIssue 12 , Vol. 3 , Winter 2009The present article tries to elaborate on comparative literature and compare different literary schools while studying the realm of comparative literature and its reflection in Iran and today world through clear reasons. Comparative literature is developed branch o MoreThe present article tries to elaborate on comparative literature and compare different literary schools while studying the realm of comparative literature and its reflection in Iran and today world through clear reasons. Comparative literature is developed branch of literature and dramatic literature in which the similarities and differences of different literary works are compared. What is of great contention in comparative literature is not the role of the literary work but its reflection in another nation’s literature. Comparative literature goes beyond the political, linguistic and national borders of one nation. It not only looks for establishing connection with other branches of humanities but also understanding among different cultures. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Psychoanalytic critique of red in the poems of Omar Abu Risheh and Qaisar Aminpour Based on Max Luscher's theory
سکینه صارمی گروی roghayh mhmandosIssue 63 , Vol. 16 , Winter 2022In today's literature, symbols play an important role in depicting and conveying meanings. One of these symbols that is cleverly used by poets is the element of color. Therefore, resistance poets try to express their ideals and desires by using different colors. As an e MoreIn today's literature, symbols play an important role in depicting and conveying meanings. One of these symbols that is cleverly used by poets is the element of color. Therefore, resistance poets try to express their ideals and desires by using different colors. As an example of Qaisar Aminpour in Persian literature andBy using symbols in their works, Omar Aburisheh has created mysterious associations in allegorical fields with various cultural, ritual and historical backgrounds. The element of color is one of the important components of the imaginary and one of the prominent elements of the symbolic language of these two poets, which has been used to express their intended meanings. This article forms. The method is descriptive-analytical and the results show that both poets have used red as a symbol of perfection, martyrdom, protest and uprising.. The method is descriptive-analytical and the results show that both poets have used red as a symbol of perfection, martyrdom, protest and uprising. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Meaning of life in the Shahriar's Poems and the Frankel's Thought
Azizeh YousefiIssue 67 , Vol. 17 , Winter 2024Shahriar is one of the great poets in the history of Iranian literature and Culture, different dimensions of his poetry be noticed during his life and after his death. whose poems are his biography. Psychological and philosophical schools have discussed the issue of mea MoreShahriar is one of the great poets in the history of Iranian literature and Culture, different dimensions of his poetry be noticed during his life and after his death. whose poems are his biography. Psychological and philosophical schools have discussed the issue of meaning in human life from different perspectives. In this study, the ways that Shahriar gives meaning to life have been studied according to Frankl's attitude in a library method. The aim of this study was to study the meaning-giving strategies to life in Shahriar's poems and in Frankel's theory of semantics. The present research has been show that Shahriar has given meaning to his life to cope with failures through love, poetic creativity and enduring suffering and he has avoided despair. During his hard life, Shahriar presented his views to give meaning to life without wanting to theorize them. Views that have in common with Frankel's ideas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Investigating the effect of cultural intelligence on intercultural adaptation and the performance of non-Persian language learners in learning Persian language.
mahdi sadeghiIssue 68 , Vol. 17 , Spring 2024Abstract Today, the issue of teaching and learning in Iran's educational system is very different from the past. Most of this difference is due to the presence of language learners of different nationalities from all over the world. This presence and, as a result, MoreAbstract Today, the issue of teaching and learning in Iran's educational system is very different from the past. Most of this difference is due to the presence of language learners of different nationalities from all over the world. This presence and, as a result, being placed in a new cultural environment, requires intercultural adaptation. In such a situation, for the better performance of language learners and their understanding of intercultural issues, attention to the issue of cultural intelligence and its optimal use is considered a necessity. The current research seeks to examine the effect of these two concepts on the performance of non-Persian language learners in learning Persian by looking at the two concepts of cultural intelligence and intercultural compatibility. To achieve this goal, the theoretical topics presented in this field and a number of researches conducted from domestic and foreign sources were examined. The results obtained from the research indicate that there is a significant relationship between some components of cultural intelligence and intercultural compatibility, and there is a negative relationship between some components and intercultural compatibility. Also, in a situation where cultural intelligence is used optimally, it has a positive effect on intercultural adaptation and the performance of language learners in learning Persian language. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - A Comparative Look at "Colonialism and Anti-Authoritarianism" in Boshra Al-Bostani and Tahereh Saffarzadeh’s Poetries
Behnam Fe’li Enayaollah Fatehinejad Latifeh Salamat BaveilIssue 59 , Vol. 15 , Winter 2021Boshra Al-Bostani in contemporary Arabic poetry and Tahereh Saffarzadeh in the field of contemporary Persian literature are considered to be the true preachers of anti-authoritarianism. The two mentioned poets, who represent the sensitive, conscious and cultured strata MoreBoshra Al-Bostani in contemporary Arabic poetry and Tahereh Saffarzadeh in the field of contemporary Persian literature are considered to be the true preachers of anti-authoritarianism. The two mentioned poets, who represent the sensitive, conscious and cultured strata of their society, were able to compose exciting poems and stimulate the people’s dormant emotions in order to leave lasting literary works in the interests of their land in addition to influencing events and happenings.The present study, which is descriptive – analytical and enjoys the library method, seeks to examine the concept of anti-authoritarianism, which is one of the most important common themes of the poems of these two from the perspective of comparative literature. The results of the present article indicate that the most important common themes in two mentioned resistance poets’ poetries are concepts such as expressing the miserable situation of the country, exposing the oppression of internal enemies and colonialists, and the effects and consequences of their attack on Iraq and Iran, and finally calling on the people to maintain unity in order to defeat the enemies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - A Comparative Study of Two Blood Droplets in Parvin’s poetry and Trilelo’s Three Droplets’ Debate
Raheleh Abdollahzadeh BorzoIssue 24 , Vol. 6 , Winter 2012This study aims to analyze the debate between two blood drops in Parvin poetry and then to compare it with Trilelo’s three blood droplets debate, which is said to be the inspirator of the Parvin’s debate and in this way to pick a cluster of Pa MoreThis study aims to analyze the debate between two blood drops in Parvin poetry and then to compare it with Trilelo’s three blood droplets debate, which is said to be the inspirator of the Parvin’s debate and in this way to pick a cluster of Parvin’s thoughts. Parvin has lived in the emotional and spiritual environment of the Orient, an environment in which the treasure could not be reached without toil. Eastern conduct is based on toil and for this reason Parvin’s poetry has been faced by prolixity, whereas in the poetry of Trilelo we face the brevity of western conduct. Stating his feelings, Trilelo only goes within an internal conduct, but Parvin in her debate, in addition of an internal conduct, tries to approach to a social content and to reach from mysticism to justice. In fact, her poetry is a loop of the chain of fight against the oppression. Therefore, the poetry of Parvin is more developed and has more profundity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Investigating the intertextual relations of the mystical Masnavi "Shahed Ghaybi" by Ahmad and "Yousef and Zuleikha" Jami
fatemeh maleki alipedram mirzaei fatemeh koupa hosein yazdaniIssue 65 , Vol. 17 , Summer 2023Intertextuality is one of the new topics in literary criticism that deals with the relationship and interaction between texts. According to this theory, any text makes sense with the texts before it and no text is independent and conscious or unconscious speakers have b MoreIntertextuality is one of the new topics in literary criticism that deals with the relationship and interaction between texts. According to this theory, any text makes sense with the texts before it and no text is independent and conscious or unconscious speakers have benefited from each other's literary and intellectual sources. Intertextuality was first proposed by Julia Kristova, and later Geragent, as one of the most influential researchers in the field, developed this theory by examining his studies. Genet called his collection of studies transmittent. He divided the transtextuality into five categories, which are: intertextuality, paratextuality, hypertextuality, supertextuality, hypertextuality. Each of these five categories examines a type of relationship between a text and others. Among which intertextuality received more attention. This study has analyzed the effectiveness of the "Unseen Witness" manuscript of Abdolrahman Jami's "Yousef and Zuleikha" Masnavi based on the intertextual approach. The fruits of this research show that although these two works are completely different in terms of subject matter, but they have a lot in common in terms of text, verbal structure and narrative. And the author of "The Unseen Witness" has been influenced by Jami's thoughts and ideas in "Haft Orang", especially his "Bosef and Zuleikha", and intertextual relations are explicitly, explicitly and implicitly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - The applied comparison between Fereydoon Moshiri and Albert Camus’s thoughts
Sayed Ahmad Hosseini Kazerooni Mahnaz KaramiIssue 23 , Vol. 6 , Winter 2012Human thoughts and his attitude to himself, God and the nature created the literature schools. According to this great influence, we decided to compare two phrases which can be an abstract of the East and West theories. In this contrast, we received that “Albert C MoreHuman thoughts and his attitude to himself, God and the nature created the literature schools. According to this great influence, we decided to compare two phrases which can be an abstract of the East and West theories. In this contrast, we received that “Albert Camus” with his clause “I rebel, thus I am“ has been considered only one of human existence aspects, which is rebellion and looked at human with one eye; so he has reached an incomplete, wrong and one-dimentional cognition of human that causes his separation from his own nature. While, thinkers as “Fereidoon Moshiri” with religious background and a better understanding of human connect him to other creatures with “friendly and lovely feel” and considered the view of “unity in multiplicity”. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Reading mystical signs in the poems of Ibn Fariz and Sanai Ghaznavi
mohammad ghafourifar mohammad ghafourifar ali rezaIssue 67 , Vol. 17 , Winter 2024One of the types of literature whose various frequencies are found in the works of most Persian-speaking and Arabic-speaking poets, and which have produced remarkable and readable works in this type, is "mystical literature". In this type of literature, poets use code l MoreOne of the types of literature whose various frequencies are found in the works of most Persian-speaking and Arabic-speaking poets, and which have produced remarkable and readable works in this type, is "mystical literature". In this type of literature, poets use code language to express mystical meanings and refer to a special style in poetic formats, especially sonnets. In the arena of Arabic and Persian literature, Ibn Faraz of Egypt and Sana'i of Ghazni are considered to be two famous poets and high-ranking mystics, and lovers of divine love. The current research in the field of comparative literature, based on the American comparative literature school, is trying to investigate the most important commonalities and differences of mystical manifestations in the poems of these two poets with descriptive-analytical method. The results of this research indicate that both poets drank from the water of mysticism and politeness, and in the belief of both of them, the most prominent motivation for transcendence is love, and in the basic issues of mysticism, in addition to love, in other mystical manifestations such as Intellect, existential and intuitive unity, annihilation and mystic symbols also have commonalities with each other. with the difference that Ibn Faraz used the symbol in his poems more than Sana'i. In the discussion of colors, Ibn Faraz has mostly interpreted them as light and dark; But Sana'i has paid more attention to the symbols of colors than Ibn Faraz. Manuscript profile
