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Open Access Article
1 - Baghdād's Shûnȋzȋyyas in the History of Sufism
Sayedeh Fatemeh Zare Hosseini Hamid Reza SanaeiThe term “Shûnȋzȋyya” is derived from Persian term “Shūnīz” (Nigella Sativa) that frequently mentioned throughout Sufi writings. According to the biographers, geographers, and historians, Shûnȋzȋyya is the name of five places in Baghd MoreThe term “Shûnȋzȋyya” is derived from Persian term “Shūnīz” (Nigella Sativa) that frequently mentioned throughout Sufi writings. According to the biographers, geographers, and historians, Shûnȋzȋyya is the name of five places in Baghdād: the cemetery, mosque, convent, district and the monastery of Shûnȋzȋyya. But the Shûnȋzȋyya cemetery and mosque are mentioned in Sufi writings more than others. Famous Sufis who had close ties with Shûnȋzȋyya mosque were buried in the Shûnȋzȋyya cemetery. In spite of the fact that the mosque was distinguished and characterized by Sufi congregations, and the cemetery was well known in the history of Sufism, but their history, geography, and situation in Sufism have not been examined so far. The present study focuses on so-called locations as Shûnȋzȋyya and particularly studied the situation and significance of Shûnȋzȋyya mosque and cemetery in the history of Sufism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Tụ̄s s Educational Cemters from the Beginning of Islamic Period till Mongolian Domination
مریم حسن دوستInvestigating the history of education in Islamic lands, weencounter som regions abundance and fame of their scholars, thereis not enough information about their scientific situation. Amongthem is Ṭūs region which despite its religious importance and risinggreat schola MoreInvestigating the history of education in Islamic lands, weencounter som regions abundance and fame of their scholars, thereis not enough information about their scientific situation. Amongthem is Ṭūs region which despite its religious importance and risinggreat scholars and scientists like Shaykh-i Ṭūsi, Abū HāmidGhazzālī, Ibn Hamza Ṭūsi Khādja Nasīruddīn Ṭūsi, etc. Fromthere, has not been examined yet. One of Tụ̄s s unknown aspects isits educational centers. This article is to introduce this region smost important educational centers, and to presemt newly foundevidences which confirms the existence of Nizāmīyy in Ṭūs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Assessment of Structural Elements in Architecture in Conveying Religious Messages to the Audience
Mandana Saniei Ali DelavarThe effect of messages on the human mind and feeling will be remain almost permanently if they are sent to the heart throughthe intellect and will make the person to believe and trust them. This research is trying to show how and how long messagescan stick in public min MoreThe effect of messages on the human mind and feeling will be remain almost permanently if they are sent to the heart throughthe intellect and will make the person to believe and trust them. This research is trying to show how and how long messagescan stick in public mind and how they can be used in terms of architecture, material and color in order to transfer messagesand maintain them.Thus, this article mainly aims to assess the physical and structural elements in architecture in conveying religious messagesto the audience structural elements. In this regards, after reviewing the Islamic and mosque architecture in brief, the existenceof a relation between some factors as the color, lighting, height and finial of architecture in religious buildings and religiouspractices or religious behavior of the audience is examined.The importance of this research is in that it shows how and how long messages can stick in public mind and how they can beused in terms of architecture, material and color in order to transfer messages and maintaining them.In this research both field and library methods are used simultaneously and research tools include studying the writtendocuments by fiche takingThe study used data from two populations: All experts (academic and non-academic) who are familiar with the type ofarchitecture in this study.This research tried to assess the physical and structural elements in architecture in conveying religious messages to theaudience structural elements. The results showed that there is a relation between some factors as the color, lighting, heightand finial of architecture in religious buildings and religious practices or religious behavior of the audience. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Imminence- Transcendence- Isfahan's school- Architecture body of mosque.
hosein moradinasab mohamadreza bemanian Iraj etesamlief and faith are key factors in architecture, whether in forming the human beings lives or its role in their spiritual dimension. Thus, architecture is the body that belongs to human's thoughts and beliefs; therefore where ever a major artistic creation with tradition Morelief and faith are key factors in architecture, whether in forming the human beings lives or its role in their spiritual dimension. Thus, architecture is the body that belongs to human's thoughts and beliefs; therefore where ever a major artistic creation with traditional nature has been observed, there should exist a live traditional thinking. So in order to recognize the mystical and philosophical ideas that their peak was represented in Safavid era which is known as the golden age of art, we have to enter through the gate of Islamic arts philosophy. Transcendence and imminence as the subject matters are one of the ways to find out and comprehend the philosophy of art and the beauty of Islam, but the important point about these subjects is the dual structure of transcendence and imminence. Due to the dialectic between these two - transcendence and imminence- (Throughout the history of Islam) and while they have separated features, only it can be possible to figure out their complementary feature through their unitary vision. Of course, such duality that the universe is made up of one whole which is composed of two obvious and inseparable elements, has been seen in different religions, like "Yin and Yang" in China. As mentioned in Islamic sciences and in an initial classification about God and the universe, two words are in common; Transcendence and imminence. The transcendent philosophers do not consider any human traits for God and in contrast there are imminent mystics who define imminence as the attribution of human traits to God. Going out from this conflict is only possible through unitary vision of transcendence and imminence. This vision which is attributed to Muhiddin Ibn Arabic, considers the summation of transcendence and imminence in order to God's cognition. Since mosques (central) are the most effected places by beliefs and thoughts of their time, they are chosen as the typical examples for reloading the transcendent and imminent ideas. For this purpose, first quantitative and qualitative criteria of transcendent and imminent shapes in architecture were extracted. On the other hand this means that in architecture, components of imminent shapes correspond to transition, dynamism, transparence, transfer, static, sublime and establishment; and components of transcendent shapes correspond to void, centripetal, symmetric and balanced spaces. Then in order to recognize the transcendent and imminent aspects, all the skeletal shapes of Imam Mosque, like the system of entrance, yard, porch and dome were measured and evaluated with these criteria. The results of this measurement were the dominant imminent aspects for transitional and motional shapes like entrance and porches, and the dominant transcendent aspects for mosque's yard as the static, void and centripetal space. But the balance of transcendent and imminent ideas can be searched comprehensively in the architecture of dome, where the void atmosphere (negative) and the tangible positive atmosphere (surrounded the environment) have been defined and the static and centripetal and in a same time dynamic, connected and transitional atmosphere (vertical) toward the God can be understood, observed and perceived. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Investigating the Concepts of Orientation in Yazd Mosques
Hossain Naseri Sadegh BakhtiaiThe mosque's form, as the place of human connection with its creator (Allah) and the world around him, carries the geometrical features that reflect Allah’s commands. Understanding the diversity and multiplicity of these geometrical plans can be helpful in better MoreThe mosque's form, as the place of human connection with its creator (Allah) and the world around him, carries the geometrical features that reflect Allah’s commands. Understanding the diversity and multiplicity of these geometrical plans can be helpful in better understanding the standpoint of architects and builders. Geometry can even affect the mechanical function of a place of worship. The science of geometry in Islamic architecture lies in the perfection of its reflection of the physical world and its representation of how strongly humanity is governed by geometry. The use of geometry is apparent in the arches, domes, muqarnas etc. But the use of geometry in the Islamic architecture is very different from the application of geometry in the sacred building or secular building. In the axis, making the qibla concept is significant. The qibla wall indicates the direction of the Kaaba in Mecca and hence the direction that Muslims should face when praying. Direction of Mecca is called the qibla, and so the wall in which the mihrab is set is called the qibla wall. No matter where a mosque is, its mihrab indicates the direction of Mecca. The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of the Qiblah axis on the geometric diversity of Yazd mosque plans which are also known as Dar al-Abad. Yazd has been selected as the study sample due to a large number of historical mosques and the use of different shapes and geometries in mosque design. Yazd is located in the middle of the Iranian plateau. The earthen architecture of Yazd has escaped the modernization that destroyed many traditional earthen towns, retaining its traditional, traditional houses, mosques, and historic building. This paper uses a descriptive-analytical method approach to answer these questions that if orientation toward the Qibla axis has an effect on the geometric and axial arrangement of Yazd mosque plans and also, how many types of geometric and axial arrangements have been used. Data required in this research are obtained through library documents, the Archives of Cultural Heritage organization, and related books and articles. Finally, it was concluded that the geometry of the Yazd mosque plan was influenced by the Qiblah axis, in terms of geometrical axes it is divided into three classes which include، single axis, double axes, and multi-axis; and in terms of Geometric shape, it is divided to، plan with right-angled geometric shape, the combination of right-angled, and non-right-angled geometric shapes. In each of these mosques, depending on the regularity or irregularity of the geometry of the planned site, the architect has contemplated measures such as adding extensions and sidings to the mosque or rotating the plan. Finally, a pure, ordered geometric space is obtained as a result of purposeful design. The results also show that using different shapes and axes in the construction of Yazd mosques, with the ingenuity and intelligence of the architects of these buildings, has finally created a purposeful link between the body and the spiritual goals of these buildings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - The role of spatial organization indicators on the degree of sociability, with emphasis on physical-functional factors in mosques in Qazvin
MAHSA MIRSALAMI ALI OMRAMIPOURThe functional quality of the mosque space organization is very important due to its collective nature. Mosques, as a kind of collective camps with a high potential for socialization in order to harmonize worship, educational and cultural activities; They create a hiera MoreThe functional quality of the mosque space organization is very important due to its collective nature. Mosques, as a kind of collective camps with a high potential for socialization in order to harmonize worship, educational and cultural activities; They create a hierarchy of behavioral and activity systems. Today, due to changes in the urban structure, we can see an increase in the formation of mosques with a class structure or a plan with the principles of minimalism in the city of Qazvin. The desired and permanent connection between the space and the audience in these mosques is not established and fulfilled.Whereas the physical factor is one of the determining factors in the sociability of the mosque space and the functional component occurs in the light of the physical component; Therefore, the basis for the formation of many functions, especially social function in the place owes to the effects of the above two factors. The purpose of the research; Assessing the degree of sociability in mosques and the factors affecting its social quality by prioritizing physical and functional components in mosques in Qazvin. In this study, both quantitative and qualitative methods have been used in data collection. First, with the help of descriptive-analytical research method, using library resources, scientific articles and recording events with field techniques, information was collected, then by comparative analysis and logical reasoning, the social structure of mosques was evaluated. Spatial configuration and the composition of the distribution of spaces are the main factors in the pattern of voluntary and social activities in mosques. In order to explain the role of some dynamic physical factors and collective functions, the correlation method and a questionnaire were used. According to the previous explanations, the sample population in the selected mosques distributed 120 questionnaires among the audience and 98 questionnaires were filled by them. The aggregated data set provides a comprehensive picture of case studies focusing on the impact of features related to the configuration and type of organization of intermediate spaces, their arrangement and proportions, and performance variation. Therefore, the mosques of the measured neighborhood, Imam Hassan Askari (AS) and Javadalaimah (AS) have been purposefully selected.The results indicate that static and dynamic physical factors such as; Distribution, configuration, spatial hierarchy, and environmental comfort, along with activity factors, are effective in social cohesion, number of visits, duration of user presence, and consequently socialization of the mosque environment. Therefore, the two factors of body and function in the spatial organization of mosques, to meet the needs of users and their expectations in creating diverse areas of behavior - collective spaces for the need to interact or provide privacy - play an important role and can be considered by any The components in the design took steps to promote a sense of dynamism and satisfaction as a result of the presence of the audience in public places such as mosques.configuration, spatial hierarchy, and environmental comfort, along with activity factors, are influential in the sociability of the mosque environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - The Friday Mosque of Fahraj; a Re-examination
Alireza AnisiFor better understanding of Islamic Iranian architecture, the study of the initial Islamic era (1-5/7-12 century) is so vital. This period, owing to the transmission of the Iranian culture and civilization from the Sasanian into Islamic time, is principally known as &ld MoreFor better understanding of Islamic Iranian architecture, the study of the initial Islamic era (1-5/7-12 century) is so vital. This period, owing to the transmission of the Iranian culture and civilization from the Sasanian into Islamic time, is principally known as “Transitional Period”. This progressive and continuous transition, finally have been established new Islamic culture and civilization in Iran. In these circumstances, the pre- Islamic Iranian art and architecture evolved and new themes, which were appropriate with new situation, were appeared. These new subjects were mainly inspired by pre-Islamic elements or in some cases were even emerged by borrowing them. In spite of emerging new type of building such as mosque and mausoleum, traditional elements, decoration and technique of pre- Islamic architecture, especially in their local styles, were still employed. Among other types of buildings, the mosque as the main place of worship has been the most significant Islamic building and the study of it is important for better understanding the architectural history of each period. Owing to the necessity of constructing mosque in the early Islamic centuries in Iran, they were patterned on the eminent Abbasid mosques, mainly built in the western Islamic world. However the architects attempted to illustrate the local identity by applying the Iranian architectural traditions. Among the early Islamic mosques in Iran, the Tarikhana Mosque in Damghan and the Friday mosque in Fahraj, are well-known. The latter, which is the topic of this survey, will be discussed in detail. The mosque was first introduced by Muhammad Karim Pirniya in 1969. Owing to its pre- Islamic resemblance of its decoration and architectural elements, he believed that the building is the earliest survived mosque in Iran. He did not say any specific date for constructing the building, but its date has been normally mentioned as the 1st/7th century. The mosque became the subject of later studies that carried out mainly by western scholars, who date this building not earlier than the late years of the 3rd/10th century or beginning of the 4th/11th century. This study aims to re-examine this controversial building. The main source of information has been provided by the author’s field work. In addition, the previous findings of scholars and literary texts support this research. The article highlights the architectural characteristics of the building after description of the mosque. It shows that how the dominant Arabic plan of the mosque was built in local style. The pre-Islamic elements, such as the barrel vaults and various forms of decoration were applied by local builder. The study concludes that the Friday Mosque was built in the 3rd/9th century and its attributing to the 1st/7th century is unlikely. Owing to little surviving buildings from the early Islamic Iran, the study is important on several reasons. The mosque is an authentetic example of early Islamic mosque in Iran. The colour painting on plaster of the mosque is one of the earliest examples of Islamic Iranian architecture. In addition, the architectural elements of mosque suggest the continuity of pre-Islamic style. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - The Role of Daylight within the Vault of Shahrak-e-Gharb Jame Mosque in Tehran
Seyed Hesamodin Tabibian Farah Habib Seyed Amir Hosein Garakani -
Open Access Article
9 - The Manifestation of the Collective Unconscious in the Architecture of the Safavid Era in Iran (Case Study: Imam Mosque in Isfahan)
Elham parvizi -
Open Access Article
10 - Visual and Structural Analysis of Fractal Geometry in the Sheikh Lotfollah Mosque Ornaments (Isfahan- Iran)
Hengame Rezazade -
Open Access Article
11 - An Analytical and Comparative Approach to Recognition Tabriz Ali Shah Mosque
Solmaz Amirrashed Seyed Mehdi Hosseyni Nia -
Open Access Article
12 - Assessment of the Role of Archetypes in Creation of Sense of Place in Iranian Mosques Using AHP
Nazanin Bahrami Samani Seyed Yahya Islami Seyed Gholamreza Islami -
Open Access Article
13 - Analytical Comparative of early Mosques of Iran and China: Investigation of Architectural, Cultural and Spatial Structure Characteristics
Kamyab Kiani Ali Fath Taheri Reza Rahimnia -
Open Access Article
14 - Emerging Mosque Architecture (New Architectural vocabulary in Secular Nepal)
Bijaya K. Shrestha Sushmita Shrestha -
Open Access Article
15 - Effects of Varamin Jami Mosque’s Ornamentations on the Spatial Qualities
Mohammad Naghizadeh Sheida Khansari -
Open Access Article
16 - Comparative Analysis of Common Patterns of Language and Architecture in Traditional and Modern Mosques of Iran (Cases Study: Sheikh Lotfollah Mosque, Nasir Al-Molk Mosque, Al-Ghadir Mosque, Shahrak-e-Gharb Central Mosque)
Faezeh Shooshtari Farah Habib Azadeh Shahcheraghi -
Open Access Article
17 - Religious spaces in Islamic traditional Cities
Atefeh Dehghan Touran Poshti Abbasali Tayefi Nasrabadi Mohammd Naghizade -
Open Access Article
18 - The Role of Socio-Cultural Components on the Performance of Mosques in Urban Neighborhoods (Case Study: A Comparative Study of Three Districts of Tehran)
Sakineh Maroofi Ali akbar Taghvaee Mohammad.Reza Pourjafar Seyedeh Mahshid Jalalian Hosseini -
Open Access Article
19 - The Development of Bricks Ornamentation from the early Islamic Centuries to the End of Kharazmshahian Period in the Architecture of Mosques in Iran
Habib Shahbazi Shiran Mehran Montashery mehdi hosseni Zahra Mohammadian Farsani -
Open Access Article
20 - Process of Lighting and relationship between inside and outside in Iranian traditional mosques architecture from view of climatic Case study: Warm areas in Iran central plateau
davood saadat iraj etsam سید مصطفی مختاباد امرئی محمدجواد مهدوی نژادIn Iranian-Islamic architecture, the mosque, the most valuable heritage has left a deep concepts of light and its transparency. As well as the above with the way things have been done climatic conditions for aligning. Now the question is that lighting and transparency ( MoreIn Iranian-Islamic architecture, the mosque, the most valuable heritage has left a deep concepts of light and its transparency. As well as the above with the way things have been done climatic conditions for aligning. Now the question is that lighting and transparency (communication between the inside and outside) in the architecture of mosques central plateau of Iran (hot and dry climate) in what ways it is. In this study, we tried to examine the impact of climate change in terms of lighting and transparency in Iranian mosques at Khorasani, Razi, Azeri and Esfahani Eras. This study is Descriptive and analytical, in first to describe the climatic conditions of the region Hot and dry climate of Iran (Central Plateau) and solutions for architectural mentioned, and then the evolution of the Lighting Transparency of Iran's traditional mosque, and in the end to see case studies of four Iranian architecture style to adapt to the climatic conditions in these deals Pirnia. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Investigating the role of Intermediate Spaces in the Mass-Space System and how it Affects the Organization of Collective Performance (Case Study in the Middle Areas of Qazvin Mosques (
Mahsa Mirsalami Ali OmranipourBackground and Objective: Intermediate spaces have a two-dimensional nature with the aim of connecting, communicating and having multiple concepts and meanings. It becomes both a process and a product. The effect of the middle space on the spatial continuity of architec MoreBackground and Objective: Intermediate spaces have a two-dimensional nature with the aim of connecting, communicating and having multiple concepts and meanings. It becomes both a process and a product. The effect of the middle space on the spatial continuity of architectural and urban elements in Iran is the peak of Iranian architectural art in the construction and spatial organization of architectural and urban complexes, how to connect the metropolitan scale to the middle scale of the neighborhood and finally link it with the micro scale. This is made possible by the proper identification and organization of intermediate elements across a wide range of scales.Material and Methodology: Since mosques are one of the most important pillars of the identity of the Islamic city and as a collective place and on the other hand one of the aspects of dynamic relationships and interactions of the mosque is the spatial features of architecture and its type of relations and spatial arrangement. Intermediate spaces in the mass-space system and how it deals with the organization of the collective performance of mosques.Findings: Data collection, activity tracking and fieldwork techniques in three mosques in Qazvin have been studied.In order to investigate the role and position of the middle space from a structural and geometric point of view, the theory of space syntax with depthmap10 software has been used quantitatively using spatial arrangement indicators. The above method was used, so for the accuracy of syntax data, correlation is analyzed through a questionnaire and Spss22 statistical software.Discussion and Conclusion: Findings and results of the study indicate that; Existence of middle spaces causes spatial separation, territory in different areas in the mosque, which has an optimal effect on the functional organization of public spaces, so that the territory of privacy is responsible for the sense of user interaction, which can attract more people to the mosque. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Comparative Study of Architecture of Contemporary Tabriz Mosques, Based on Design Criteria Derived from Religious Concepts
behnaz montazer Jamal al-din soheyliBackground and Objective: Throughout history, mosques have always provided different aspects of body, function and meaning. These three parameters are put together as layers that the lack of each can undermine the performance of contemporary mosques compared to the perf MoreBackground and Objective: Throughout history, mosques have always provided different aspects of body, function and meaning. These three parameters are put together as layers that the lack of each can undermine the performance of contemporary mosques compared to the performance of ancient templates. In this regard, this study will examine and compare contemporary examples of architectural design patterns in line with the "conceptual model of research" based on "criteria influencing architectural design patterns through religious concepts" in mosques. Method: In order to extract the architectural components derived from religious concepts in all three dimensions, library and documentary studies were used to collect data through descriptive-analytical research method. And in the second step, after developing the conceptual model of the research, it payed to the field evaluation (in 1397) and scoring of the architectural components in the sample community (contemporary selected mosques in Tabriz) which were selected by purposeful sampling by experts in the field. Findings: Architectural design components of mosque in line with religious concepts can be divided into 3 functional components (special entrance, neighborhood, location and design of different spaces), semantic components (readability, sense of place and hierarchy) and physical components (orientation, attention to light, and proper design of the mihrab, dome, minaret, and courtyard). Discussion and Conclusion: By assessing the effectiveness of contemporary Tabriz mosques in each of the three dimensions, it can be concluded that the sub-component of "different spaces" in functional dimension, "sense of place" in semantic dimension, and "light" in physical aspect have been most emphasized. Also, the results show that the architecture of the contemporary mosques in Tabriz was more in line with the semantic dimension of the patterns than the other two dimensions. Also, Imam Reza Mosque (AS) has the most conformity with ancient patterns from the point of view of architectural design patterns based on religious concepts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Analysis of the Impact of In-Between Meaning on Promoting the Sense of Place in the Qajar Mosque-Schools (Case Study: Salehiye Mosque- School in Qazvin City) *
Samin Torkaman Jamaleddin SoheiliBackground and Objective: In the architecture of Islamic period of Iran, public buildings such as mosques-schools were places for people to interact with different tastes and thoughts, with their diverse functions and spaces and with in-between spaces that played a deci MoreBackground and Objective: In the architecture of Islamic period of Iran, public buildings such as mosques-schools were places for people to interact with different tastes and thoughts, with their diverse functions and spaces and with in-between spaces that played a decisive role in organizing the diverse functions of these places and linking them more closely. They formed a whole, and made it possible for one to stay in that place. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the in-between spaces on promoting a sense of place in the Qajar mosque-schools and to explore how in-between spaces can be effective in promoting a sense of place?Method: Correlation analysis in Spss software was used to analyze the variables, and with library, field and survey studies to investigate the effective factors in promoting sense of place and in-between spaces.Findings: Results of this study indicate that the coefficient of significance between the variables of sense of place and in-between spaces is less than 0.05 and there is a significant relationship between these two variables.Discussion and Conclusion: The use of in-between spaces can be effective in creating sense of place in architectural space. Because today the concept of in-between spaces is very important in the design of architectural spaces, so that it can be used to reinforce the link between human and place in new public spaces, ultimately leading to better exploitation of the environment and the continued presence of people. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Mathematical Analysis regarding Nasir Ol Molk Mosque Mosque Based on Environmental Psychology
Nima Shahmohammadi reza babakhaniBackground and Objective: The architecture of mosques and buildings that are associated with conscious perception, mentality and sensibility of the audience they address, requires more awareness about the provocative factors in these spaces. Nasir Ol Molk Mosque which i MoreBackground and Objective: The architecture of mosques and buildings that are associated with conscious perception, mentality and sensibility of the audience they address, requires more awareness about the provocative factors in these spaces. Nasir Ol Molk Mosque which is one of the example designs contributing psychological refinement as well as tension reduction, makes it vital to analyze information and data related to the mentioned places.Material and Methodology: The present study has divided Nassir Ol Molk’s space into multiple zones in order to have a deeper understanding of dominant color tones of the area. Consequently, every individual orsi has encountered thirteen levels of evaluation. Due to the high volume of collected data, it was not feasible to analyze datasets by conventional methods. Hence the research method in this study is based on Python coding along working with Artificial Intelligence algorithms.Findings: After gathering data followed by applying complex statistical calculations, the colors in orsies were converted to codes for analysis. subsequently, a database founded on the matrix of numbers in the form of RGB color codes, was constructed for each orsi.Discussion and Conclusion: In conclusion, it should be noted that the mean and variance of the calculated color numbers represent distinctive colors in different parts of the mosque. Furthermore, based on the extracted information, a table along with the mosque's color plan was generated. Additionally, the correlation of colors was measured and results indicate a positive connection along with consistency in the selected colors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - A Case Study on Mosques of Qom – Tehran High Way in Terms of Probable Contamination to Dermatophytes
مژگان سقازاه Majid Riazipour zahra motaghianPathogenic fungi can be easily transmitted in public places; people who use such places are prone to catch infections due to be exposed to the pathogenic agents. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of carpets of mosques and praying rooms en route Tehran MorePathogenic fungi can be easily transmitted in public places; people who use such places are prone to catch infections due to be exposed to the pathogenic agents. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of carpets of mosques and praying rooms en route Tehran-Qom Highway in terms of probable contamination to dermatophyes. In order to carry out this study, 9 praying centers were investigated. Sampling was carried out based on the Directive issued by the World Health Organization (WHO); the number of isolated specimens was on the basis of the praying centers' area. Sampling was carried out by means of pieces of mat. Samples were cultured in the following media; other specific media were used as the complementary tests, if necessary: • Sabouraud – Cyclohexamide – Chloramphenicol agar (SCC) • Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA)A number of 107 samples were collected by means of pieces of mat. Dermatophyte fungi were cultured from 4 specimens (3.7%) out of 107 samples collected by means of pieces of mat; all 4 isolated specimens were found to be Trichophyton mentagrophytis. The results of this study indicate that 4 (i.e. 44%) out of 9 praying centers, en route of Tehran-Qom Highway, were infected by dermatophyte fungi. These results are extremely alarming and warn us that the praying centers can be breeding grounds for transmission of mycoses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - The Effect of Beliefs in Figuration Religious Buildings in Safavid Era in Esfahan (Case Study: Comparative Study of Hakim Mosque & Bethlehem Church)
Seyedeh Marzieh Tabaeian Meghedy KhodabakhshianArchitecture and urban spaces undoubtedly bear the influence of religious and national beliefs within a country. This paper aims to investigate the impact of national and religious beliefs as principal factors in shaping religious buildings during the Safavid era. While MoreArchitecture and urban spaces undoubtedly bear the influence of religious and national beliefs within a country. This paper aims to investigate the impact of national and religious beliefs as principal factors in shaping religious buildings during the Safavid era. While some insights can be gleaned from historical sources, there is a lack of comparative analysis regarding the influence of different religions on architectural design. To address this gap, the study focuses on two religious buildings from the same period but representing distinct religious beliefs: the Bethlehem Church and the Hakim Mosque in Esfahan. By utilizing existing resources such as books, articles, and personal site observations, the study examines the role of "color," "ornamentation," and "light" as significant factors within the context of the "Esfahan School." Furthermore, it investigates the spatial positioning and hierarchy in these two comparative case studies. The objective of this paper is to explore how popular beliefs influence these architectural elements and investigate them through a comparative approach. Ultimately, the study aims to identify commonalities and differences in the underlying mental foundations of the creators behind these buildings, emphasizing the impressionability of architectural features resulting from national and religious beliefs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Analysis of Spatial Configuration Factors Affecting the Visit-ability of Historical Places (Case Study: Qazvin Atiq Mosque and Surrounding Context)
Hosna Varmaghani Historical places and areas as urban signs have many capabilities in planning and developing the urban environment. Among them, the knowledge of how the spatial configuration components affect the ability to visit and use More Historical places and areas as urban signs have many capabilities in planning and developing the urban environment. Among them, the knowledge of how the spatial configuration components affect the ability to visit and use them, which will have an effective role in formulating urban tourism strategies in the routes leading to historical places. In this article, with the help of descriptive analytical method by focusing on the physical dimensions affecting the possibility of visiting historical places by tourists, the effective components have been formulated. And then, with the logical reasoning method, the validity of the indicators in the visit-ability of the historical context is analyzed.The aim of the research is to evaluate the factors of spatial configuration affecting the visit-ability of the Atiq Grand Mosque of Qazvin by studying the body of the building and the area of surrounding context.The research question is which physical approaches play a role in increasing the visit-ability of historical contexts and landmark buildings in them.How are the components of visit-ability in the historical context of Qazvin city evaluated within the case study area?The analysis tool is the specialized software of space syntax and also relying on observations and field studies.The results show that the location of the landmark building within the historical context will have the greatest impact on the possibility and ability to visit; and on the other hand, the natural and artificial elements in the body of the building, space furniture and height proportions in the architectural scale have had a greater effect on the tension and visual/movement attraction and the presence and guidance of the observer towards certain destinations.Extended AbstractIntroduction:Urban tourism is a diverse combination of different activities that is created by combining environmental features and the city's capacity in attracting visitors and providing services. The development of tourism in historical contexts is the strategy of many cities for regeneration. Despite having diverse natural, historical and cultural attractions and benefiting from extraordinary talent and potential in tourism development, historical contexts are practically devoid of noteworthy limits of visit-ability. If these textures are paid attention from the visit-ability aspect, the texture development and the possibility of the tourists' presence and movement will be provided. In this regard, today's urban management, in order to respond to the needs and new technologies, must deal with some cases more than the design of buildings and access networks. And think about creating spaces that will make the city more diverse and attractive and have a greater impact on the connection of citizens, urban spaces and places. Based on this, the current research analyzes spatial configuration factors affecting the visit-ability of historical places and in this context, it will examine the ancient Grand Mosque of Qazvin city and its surrounding context as a case study. Visit-ability is aimed at facilitating presence and movement in touristic passages and routes leading to urban landmarks. The present research, in examining the ways of improving the historical context and tourism development, refers to the visit-ability components and in this context, it studies the historical context of Qazvin city from a quantitative and qualitative perspective. The research questions are which physical approaches play a role in increasing the visit-ability of historical contexts and landmark buildings in it? How are visit-ability components evaluated in the historical context of Qazvin city? Answers to these questions will be followed in the research process.Methodology:The current research has been conducted using a combination of analytical descriptive method and logical reasoning method. Data collection has been done using library studies and field survey and data analysis using qualitative and software methods. The analysis tool in part of the research process is UCL Depthmap specialized software and in part it is the adaptation of field observations and library studies. In this way, the visitability was investigated by studying the theories of tourism in the historical context and factors affecting the urban spaces quality in a descriptive analytical method and its indicators were deduced. Then, these components were compared in the analysis of architectural configuration and urban context with spatial layout indicators so that the research theoretical components can be measured through space analysis software by shape simulation and quantitative values. The study case to investigate the visit-ability in comparison of the architecture and urban context scale is the ancient Qazvin Grand Mosque and its surrounding context. In this study, the main theoretical indicators of visit-ability including access, readability and select-ability were identified, which were measured by 6 syntactic indicators. The research findings analyze the physical and spatial elements of the configuration in achieving maximum visit-ability and the way of their spatial arrangement.Results and discussion:The research findings are analyzed in two parts, including the analysis of the visit-ability quality in the spatial arrangement of the context around the Grand Mosque, as well as the building's configuration itself. The software analysis shows that the presence of small differences in the passages' direction and width, as well as the difference in their discontinuity and continuity state, have major effects on the research indicators' values, and in this way, it changes the condition of visiting the texture and the flow of guiding tourists in the passages of it. Also, since some of the existing roads have been formed as a result of urban developments, they have become wider or they have changed their direction compared to the previous roads. Therefore, investigating the effects of changing configuration on the amount and way tourists choose to visit will organize and improve the existing situation and rethink the way of interventions formed in the road network layout. The field survey reveals that in addition to the spatial configuration, the existence of some activity and physical signs such as the mosque's water-reservoir, Sepah Bazaar, the height of the frontage body, and the people presence in front of it are effective on the visit-ability of the building. On the other hand, the lack of appropriateness of some activities (restaurant-repair) and as a result of crowding and noise pollution, despite the desirability of spatial physical indicators in measuring visit-ability, leads to a decrease in attendance and traffic in the space. However, the vastness of the frontage arena partially prevents the adverse effects of conflicting activities. In addition, some physical signs such as the stepped surface of the sub-entrance corridor and the tree element in the open corridor have led to the readability of the entrance path and ease of orientation. Also, readability in the space arrangement can be checked by analyzing the ratio between connectivity and integration.Conclusion:The findings in response to the first research question showed that the high connectivity of the context resulting from the coordination and coherence between the passages of the whole complex and the internal connection of the context's passages, the presence of distribution axes and the favorable connection with the entire configuration will lead to increasing the possibility of presence and movement in the historical context and improving the ability to visit it. In addition, the landmark building's location on the visible distribution axes has an effect on increasing the possibility of visiting and selecting it from the observer. The space expansion compared to the mass in the sign elements' location increases the possibility of guiding observer in the paths leading to them and the probability of the observer's visit due to the effect on the spatial traffic indicator and visibility limits. The legibility of leading axes to the entrance of the destination building and the spatial organization of the entry hierarchy to these destinations will affect the number of visits to them. Also, people presence inside the building is directly related to the level of transparency and spatial openness. The answer to the second question was done through software analysis and field observations, which showed that the landmark buildings' location within the historical context will have the greatest impact on the possibility and ability to visit. And on the other hand, the natural and artificial elements in the body of the building, space furniture and height proportions in the architectural scale have had a greater effect on the visual/movement attraction and the presence and guidance of the observer towards certain destinations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - The process of complexity of architectural and poetic styles from the first centuries to the end of the sixth century (Case Study: Mosque Architecture and Poetic Image( The process of complexity of poetic and architectural styles from the first centuries to the end of the sixth century
mostafa mirdar rezaeiStyle means the expression of a particular vision of an artist in his own language, and therefore the vision and language of each artist or artists of a period is different from other artists. Stylistics compares the instrumental attitudes of artists in the face of thei MoreStyle means the expression of a particular vision of an artist in his own language, and therefore the vision and language of each artist or artists of a period is different from other artists. Stylistics compares the instrumental attitudes of artists in the face of their internal and external reflections with special components and tools that are among the possibilities of this knowledge. This study, first of all, tries to use quantitative-statistical methods to show, analyze and compare literary elements in the poems of prominent Khorasani and Azerbaijani poets who have been randomly selected from their madness. Get a statistical picture of the complexity of the images (from Khorasani to Azerbaijani style). In the second part of this research, which is written by descriptive-analytical method and using library tools, the architectural course of the mosque and the complexity of its components from Khorasani style to the end of the sixth century will be examined. The result of this study shows that "simplicity and avoidance of complexity" is the most prominent style feature in both the poetic image and the architecture of mosques in the Khorasani style. In the sixth century, we are witnessing great and wonderful developments in the field of creating images and the art of architecture. The components and geometry of the poetic images and the architectural coordinates of the mosques of this century are becoming more complex and can no longer be compared with the simplicity of the Khorasani style. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - The Effect of Canopy Protrusion Amount on Energy Consumption and Thermal Comfort in the Dome Structure (Case Study: Sheikh Lotfollah Mosque)
Najme Tavazo Mansour Nik pour Mohsen Ghasemi Hadi Farzan -
Open Access Article
30 - Space Syntax Reading in Traditional Mosques of Khorasan Razavi and Its Relationship with Iranian-Islamic Wisdom
Alireza Shirkhani Khosro Sahaf hero Farkisch Dovood Choganian -
Open Access Article
31 - Evaluation of Sense of Place in Nasir Al-Molk Mosque with Emphasis on Physical Factors
Sare Kaviani Elahe Ahmadi Bahareh Rajaei -
Open Access Article
32 - Findings of the Sassanid Period from the Excavations of the Eastern Side of the Urmia Grand Mosque
Haamid Norasi Samer Nazari Leila Gargary Behnam Ghanbari Abbas BavarsaeiUrmia City, the capital of West Azerbaijan Province in northwestern Iran, holds a rich historical background with numerous Islamic era structures. Despite this, the historical-cultural evidence in Urmia has been less studied due to its location beneath urban and residen MoreUrmia City, the capital of West Azerbaijan Province in northwestern Iran, holds a rich historical background with numerous Islamic era structures. Despite this, the historical-cultural evidence in Urmia has been less studied due to its location beneath urban and residential buildings. In 2017, due to the digging operation for the restoration and organization of the eastern side of the Urmia Grand Mosque, evidence of evidence of architectural structures and cultural artifacts was obtained. However, disputes led to the suspension of the restoration operation. Subsequently, in 2019, archaeological excavations were initiated to identify architectural remnants and understand the site's cultural layers. Aligning with the excavation's objectives and the General Department of Cultural Heritage's goal to establish a museum site, two trenches were excavated. Notably, evidence of cultural materials from the Sassanid period beneath Islamic-era structures was uncovered. This paper, while studying and relative chronology of cultural findings of the Urmia Grand Mosque, compares them with findings of Sassanid sites in western Iran. The data of this research has been collected by documentary and field methods, and this study has been carried out by descriptive-analytical approach. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Aspects of Tari- Khaneh Mosque
Hayedeh KhamsehDamghan is a city in Semnan Province, Iran, 342 kilometers from Tehran and it is limited from north to Mazandaran & Golestan province, from east to Shahroud city, from south to Esfahan province, and from west to Semnan province. One of the important historical place MoreDamghan is a city in Semnan Province, Iran, 342 kilometers from Tehran and it is limited from north to Mazandaran & Golestan province, from east to Shahroud city, from south to Esfahan province, and from west to Semnan province. One of the important historical places in this city is Tari-khaneh Mosque is in fact the oldest mosque in Iran belonging to the 1st century after the arrival of Islam which still preserves its original shape. Tari-khaneh and Fahraj Mosque in Iazd-Kerman are the only mosques in the Islamic World that resemble the Medina Mosque. This mosque was built during the 8th century AD by imitating Roman, Iranian, and Arabic architecture. This is an Arabic design but the building material and architecture is Sassanid. This leads us to believe that originally, it had been a fire temple during the Sassanid period, and later the mosque was built over its ruins. One column resembling Sassanian architecture at the eastern wing is proof of this assertion. Tarikhaneh Mosque is equipped with a square yard and a gallery with 34 columns facing the Qiblah and porticos surround the three sides of the yard. The minaret rising over the mosque is said to belong to Seljuk’s period. The prefix "Tari", a Turkish term, means God, and "khaneh" means house so the word means the house of God. In this article, Tari-khaneh is studied for its uniqueness from single applied materials. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Suggestions about the Method of Excavation in Cemeteries Based on the Excavations of the Iron Age Cemetery of Tabriz's Kaboud Mosque and Shahriri Meshkin Shahr.
Alireza Hejebri Nobari Akbar Pour FarajArchaeology has changed the boundaries of knowledge of the human past from very limited oral literature and written history to a three-million-year history. Despite this, archaeological excavations also means the destruction of ancient monuments, unless the principles o MoreArchaeology has changed the boundaries of knowledge of the human past from very limited oral literature and written history to a three-million-year history. Despite this, archaeological excavations also means the destruction of ancient monuments, unless the principles of exploration and information recording operations are followed very scientifically and accurately. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to express information about the issues and problems that an archaeologist practically faces when exploring in ancient cemeteries. Especially since today most of the members of archeology are students and since there has been no case-by-case article written about the method of exploring the cemetery for the use of students, it seems that this article can be a small step for students to take big steps. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Filosuf al-Dowlah Mosque-School
Mona Biglar Beigi GhajariaSince the beginning of the spread of Islam, educational activities, including teaching calligraphy and writing, were carried out in mosques, and the time to deal with it was in a way that did not cause problems in performing religious activities. The expansion of variou MoreSince the beginning of the spread of Islam, educational activities, including teaching calligraphy and writing, were carried out in mosques, and the time to deal with it was in a way that did not cause problems in performing religious activities. The expansion of various educational and religious activities led to the formation of schools to teach religious sciences and other related sciences. In Iran, schools were mainly built in two ways, either as a part of mosques, the functions of mosque and school were combined in one building, or they were built as an independent unit for students to study and stay. The peak period of attention to the construction of mosques and schools should be considered the Qajar period, when the largest number of this type of building was built in Tehran, the capital city. The Filosuf al-Dawlah mosque-school, which combines the main functions of a mosque and a school, belongs to this period. This building was built as a part of Seyed Ismail complex in the heart of Chalmaidan neighborhood. Manuscript profile -
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36 - The formation and evolution of the Anatolian mosques architecture
Taymour AkbariIn the 5th AH / 11th AD century, the Seljuk government was formed in Iran, and over time, they were able to defeat the Abbasid caliphs in Baghdad and the Eastern Roman empire in Anatolia. Before the 5th AH / 11th AD, the Anatolian region was under the domination of the MoreIn the 5th AH / 11th AD century, the Seljuk government was formed in Iran, and over time, they were able to defeat the Abbasid caliphs in Baghdad and the Eastern Roman empire in Anatolia. Before the 5th AH / 11th AD, the Anatolian region was under the domination of the Christian Romans and the churches were considered the religious architecture in this region. The purpose of this research is to investigate the evolution of Seljuks of Rum and Ottoman mosque architecture and the influencing factors in the formation of mosque architecture in the Anatolian region, which was carried out by field, library and descriptive, adaptive and analytical approaches. The results show that the architecture of early Islamic mosques , Roman architecture and Seljuks of Iran played a significant role in the formation of Seljuk architecture in Anatolia , and local architecture played an important role in the formation and evolution of Anatolian mosque architecture Manuscript profile -
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37 - Dakkatol-Qada in the Mosque of Kufa from an Ancient Point of View and Judging at the Beginning of Islam “Looking at the Judicial Jurisprudence of Ayatollah Mousavi Ardabili”
Zahra Ahmadi Afzadi Mohamad Sadegh Elmi Sola Hosein NaseriMoghadam -
Open Access Article
38 - Explaining the Role of Light on Quality of the Architectural Spaces in Iranian Mosques
Fariba Alborzi Farah Habib Iraj Etessam -
Open Access Article
39 - The Role of Climate and Culture on the Formation of Courtyards in Mosques
Hossein Soltanzadeh -
Open Access Article
40 - Mosque building in Andolous
abasali tfzeliAfter omavids dynasty was overthrown by abbasids abdulrahman abne hasham was the last person who stayed alive because of escaping toward North Africa and then he laid the foundation of Andulosia omavids government after gehing to Andulosia. They appointed Cordoba MoreAfter omavids dynasty was overthrown by abbasids abdulrahman abne hasham was the last person who stayed alive because of escaping toward North Africa and then he laid the foundation of Andulosia omavids government after gehing to Andulosia. They appointed Cordoba as their capital and then by making bridges. Castles and mosques, they caused an credible expansion in this city and as result of fact they got to a cultural and scientific superiority, but gradually it lost its status qu in result of chaos, disorganization, and assaults, and turned into an unsuccessful city, so then Eshbilieh city was flourished by omavids dynasty and made progress. The most famous monuments of that era are as follow: great and magnificent masque of gharabteh, Omar ibne adis jameh mosque in shabilieh, bobal mamdom mosque in Taliteleh, Medina al zahra masque, that all are presented in the current articles. After that Almarabeteen and Almovahaedeen seized the power, the mosque method was carrying on as Arabian style that it was done in ghirvan and gharabteh. Manuscript profile -
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41 - Mosque-building in Teheran during the Qajar period
zamzam sadat razavi mohamad baghestani mohammad nabi salimMosque is the most outstanding religious building in Islam and although its most important function is worshiping God, it becomes bold in the field of art and its building is an honor for political systems. In Qajar era, constructions of mosques had two forms: restorati MoreMosque is the most outstanding religious building in Islam and although its most important function is worshiping God, it becomes bold in the field of art and its building is an honor for political systems. In Qajar era, constructions of mosques had two forms: restoration of Grand mosques & constructions of modern, multi-functional mosques, especially in Tehran. This procedure was influenced by Iran’s entry into the stage of modernity and therefore intrigued in architecture, decorations and mosques’ functions. This research based on theoretical studies not only mentions the procedure of building mosques in Qajar era of Tehran, but also tries to study effective terms and conditions in building mosques and its subsequent development. The consequences of this study indicate that in Qajar era, while Safavid art was following, appropriate styles to transition period were used in the construction of religious buildings, especially mosques.In the section of religious places, mosques are the most important ones, so because of the growth of spirituality, tendency for religious demonstrations and services, urban development, Tehran expansion and also art and honesty that were supported by kings and nobles, some mosques were built for ritual-educational functions and integrated arrays. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Investigation of The poet and whole text of the historical inscription in the eastern vestibule of Yazd’s jaame mosque
fatemeh salahshour yaser hamzavi maryam mahmoudiIn the eastern entrance of Yazd’s jaame mosque there is a square vestibule that is almost about 50 m2 there is a historical inscription in it. The inscription is an Arabic poem, written in the third line (sols ) in 1376. During the years, some part of the texts ar MoreIn the eastern entrance of Yazd’s jaame mosque there is a square vestibule that is almost about 50 m2 there is a historical inscription in it. The inscription is an Arabic poem, written in the third line (sols ) in 1376. During the years, some part of the texts are missed and destroyed. Iraj Afshar, the writer of the Yazd souvenir book, according to the historical books of the Yazd only pointed to the ode informed and he noted that it is attributed to seyed Hassan Motakalem. Mohammad taqi Daneshpajooh, Iranian researcher, attributed this ode to sharaf o din baqdadi in an article. In this article the poet and whole text of this inscription is investigated according to the remains of the inscription. At the end, it was founded that the text is a part of Arabic ode in praise of the holy prophet, Mohammad, peace be upon him , that is attributed to seyed Hassan Qaznavi the Iranian famous poet in 12th century. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Policy actions of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) in cultural- communiction institution mosque
meisam farokhiMosques including important communication and cultural institutions that play valuable and alternative role in Islamic society. This article seeks to analyze policy actions of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) as Islamic Sharia governor the mosque - which he represents and re MoreMosques including important communication and cultural institutions that play valuable and alternative role in Islamic society. This article seeks to analyze policy actions of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) as Islamic Sharia governor the mosque - which he represents and reflects the emergence of a religious base- For this purpose, the policy actions of the Prophet (PBUH) as The establishment of cultural institution mosque, removal and installation of imams, Determining the mosque as a place of scientific and educational issues, social mobilization Muslims in the mosque, The establishment of the mosque as a base of unity and solidarity of Muslims, Informing the Muslims through the mosque Muslims through mosques, and social working to Muslims in the mosque, Suggests an active role of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) in the field of cultural-communication institution mosque. From the perspective of the author these actions reflects the fact that the Islamic governor is responsible for guiding society towards the growth, Falah and development of his talents and massive human. For this purpose -Guiding Islamic community to the Great objectives- Demands that the Prophet (PBUH) in his time directly - and in some cases indirectly- other intervene in the cultural aspects of society (especially through the mosque) to Achieve Muslims to the extent of purpose and favorable Status. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Backgrounds and causes of the formation of first schools in Khorasan
bagher ali esmaeiliOne of the issues in education is the starting point of first schools in Islamic world. Besides their function as a place for praying, mosques also were considered the most important educational centers till the early fourth century(AH). Various kinds of educational cen MoreOne of the issues in education is the starting point of first schools in Islamic world. Besides their function as a place for praying, mosques also were considered the most important educational centers till the early fourth century(AH). Various kinds of educational centers in the Islamic world and religious and ethnic bias have led to different theories on the origin of first Islamic schools. Based on available evidence Khorasan has been the origin of first Islamic schools, as Neishabor School, which turned to be an example to be copied by others, was established before the establishment of Baghdad School. This was the result of favorite scientific, social and political milieu in Khorasan and especially in Neishabor. The role of original Iranian families and Khorasan scientists cannot be denied Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Recognition of zuzan and its historical mosque
naser khosh ahangMonuments of different historical periods can be considered as totally expressive documents of old cultural and civilized record. these monuments represent prosperity and boom of the intended places. In fact one of the most valuable and also the most anonymous monuments MoreMonuments of different historical periods can be considered as totally expressive documents of old cultural and civilized record. these monuments represent prosperity and boom of the intended places. In fact one of the most valuable and also the most anonymous monuments of iran is zuzan and its historical mosque. Its wonderful that according to the artful features and carful view in the decoration for example we can( refer to the tile and laminated brick that were used in the construction of the mosque. Because of the technical innovation this mosque has one of several valuable tiling of the world .Also its precious altar dependent on decorations and beautiful colours is rare in the world of islam). We understand that architects of the construction have tried very much to make such durable and beautiful building that pillars of its two large verandas are now firm and rigid. This building was constructed by important local character named qavam-Aldin, mavid-Almok, Abubakr the son of Ali zuzani who governed in the city based on the order of Ala-Aldin mohammad the son of kharazmshah during the 6oo to 616(hejri-qamari). Intraducing the city and its known mosque with special features of architecture from the axis of the current research. comprehensive and precious information depending on the archaeological and historical records. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Mosque building in Andolous
Abbas tafazzoliAfter omavids dynasty was overthrown by abbasids abdulrahman abnehasham was the last person who stayed alive because of escaping towardNorth Africa and then he laid the foundation of Andulosia omavidsgovernment after gehing to Andulosia.They appointed Cordoba as their c MoreAfter omavids dynasty was overthrown by abbasids abdulrahman abnehasham was the last person who stayed alive because of escaping towardNorth Africa and then he laid the foundation of Andulosia omavidsgovernment after gehing to Andulosia.They appointed Cordoba as their capital and then by making bridges.Castles and mosques, they caused an credible expansion in this city andas result of fact they got to a cultural and scientific superiority, butgradually it lost its status qu in result of chaos, disorganization, andassaults, and turned into an unsuccessful city, so then Eshbilieh city wasflourished by omavids dynasty and made progress.The most famous monuments of that era are as follow: great andmagnificent masque of gharabteh, Omar ibne adis jameh mosque inshabilieh, bobal mamdom mosque in Taliteleh, Medina al zahra masque,that all are presented in the current articles.After that Almarabeteen and Almovahaedeen seized the power, themosque method was carrying on as Arabian style that it was done inghirvan and gharabteh. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Study of Sociability in Behavior Settings of "Mosques" based on the Behavior- Milieu Synomorphy (Case Study: Central Courtyard -Iwan Mosques in Qazvin)
Mahsa Mirsalami Ali OmranipourThe optimal physical design of communal spaces in terms of sociability is of great importance in creating and inviting social and voluntary activities of users. The lack of the necessary qualities disrupts the behavior-milieu synomorph and consequently affects the users MoreThe optimal physical design of communal spaces in terms of sociability is of great importance in creating and inviting social and voluntary activities of users. The lack of the necessary qualities disrupts the behavior-milieu synomorph and consequently affects the users' sense of presence and length of stay. Mosques, as a type of communal space, form a hierarchy of behavior settings by defining various areas (from semi-private to public). In the past, mosques had served as effective behavior settings, but today, despite their physical diversity, they lack the efficiency expected from a communal space.The present study aims to study the effective components on the formation of behavior settings and, thereby sociability in mosques as an important urban place. For this purpose, based on the literature of environmental psychology, the issue of sociability and the reason for the introduction of behavior setting-related concepts in the mosque are first investigated and the effective components on the formation of these two factors are examined. Then, to analyze the behavior-milieu synomorphy of mosques and its relationship with sociability, the effect of composition of some behavioral factors, such as the need for interaction, length of stay and attendance, components, such as location, proximity of entrances, geometric center of the building, and space syntax (relationship, depth, interconnectivity, and legibility), and some dynamic physical factors are investgated. The research is performed in two steps; first, the required data are collected, events are recorded and the lists of behaviors are prepared. Moreover, in addition to qualitative data, the behavior settings in the three four-iwan mosques in Qazvin city are identified and the weight of effective components in mosques including comprehensive patterns of behavior, and the behavior-milieu synomorph are extracted.In the next step, using Depthmap10 software and the space syntax theory, the role of space syntax indicators on the behavior settings in mosques and their sociability are investigated quantitatively. Since it is not possible to answer the research questions only using space syntax, in the following data analysis, correlation analysis is performed to find the significant correlation between the variables affecting sociability using Amos 22 software. The results show that the sociability of the public space is possibleacheived with the proper synomorphy and combination of physical-structural and behavioral-social factors, i.e. behavior-milieu synomorphy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Location of the Kufa Mosque in Islamic Civilization
Abbas Ali farahati Mahboubeh saterComprehensive mosques of some cities, since the early days of Islam and beyond, have been very active not only in the field of worship but in all aspects of educational, cultural, political, social and economic dimensions. All these dimensions and functions led to the e MoreComprehensive mosques of some cities, since the early days of Islam and beyond, have been very active not only in the field of worship but in all aspects of educational, cultural, political, social and economic dimensions. All these dimensions and functions led to the emergence of Islamic civilization in Muslim mosques, and mosques, especially comprehensive mosques, were the first base for the growth and development of this universal civilization. The most important function of the mosque is its scientific and educational function as the most important pillar of the birth and uplift of a genuine civilization, and this article deals with it more than other functions. The mosque is the most elementary and most important center for the dissemination of various sciences and has played an important role in the formation of Islamic civilization. Meanwhile, the Grand Mosque of Kufa is also due to its scientific comprehensiveness and the perception of the presence of such professorsAmir al-Mu'minin Imam Ali-Uq, Imam Baqer-e-Um and Imam Sadeq-u and their followers and students of these Imams Hemam, the center for the dissemination of science and education, have played an unquestionable role in the flourishing of the sciences and the flourishing of Islamic civilization. And its significance, it's enough to bring the city of Kufa, after Mecca and Medina, to the third scientific-Islamic centerThe present study seeks to prove the position of the Kufa mosque and its key role in Islamic civilization Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Historical monuments of Kashan during the Safavid period from the point of view of tourists
rahmatollah zargary keivan loloee asghar mahmodabadiKashan is one of the cities of Isfahan province and after Isfahan city, it is the largest city in this province. Kashan city also has many historical and cultural monuments due to its old age. Kashan, which is seven thousand years old, is the birthplace of one of the ol MoreKashan is one of the cities of Isfahan province and after Isfahan city, it is the largest city in this province. Kashan city also has many historical and cultural monuments due to its old age. Kashan, which is seven thousand years old, is the birthplace of one of the oldest human civilizations called Silk. The people of this civilization were the first to settle together. Kashan was introduced as a communication and commercial city because it is located in the center of Iran, and in all periods of history, this city has seen many ups and downs. But the turning point for this city can be called the Safavid period. During this period, Kashan was considered the residence of the Safavid kings, and because this city was located on the way to the capital of Iran, Isfahan, many tourists visited this city.Keywords: Safavid, tourists, mosques, Bagh FinKeywords: Safavid, tourists, mosques, Bagh FinKeywords: Safavid, tourists, mosques, Bagh Fin Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Investigation of Sheikh Lotfollah Mosque in Isfahan and Sultan Ahmed Mosque in Istanbul with a body-centered approach
Alireza Haj vaziri parnaz Godarzparvari Esmaeil BaniardalanAccording to the body-centered approach and relying on it, the present research tested the geometric motifs in mosques in terms of similarities and differences. In this research, the type of data was historical and mainly qualitative data, therefore, the upcoming resear MoreAccording to the body-centered approach and relying on it, the present research tested the geometric motifs in mosques in terms of similarities and differences. In this research, the type of data was historical and mainly qualitative data, therefore, the upcoming research was placed in the field of non-judgmental qualitative research. In this research, qualitative content analysis based on comparative, analytical method was used. Based on the observation of documents and library sources, their bases were explained and studied and analyzed. The tools used in the different stages of the study are: a checklist for closed and, if necessary, open interviews with relevant researchers and professors in this case, and recording the desired images through reliable internet sources, drawing tables related to the discussed geometric patterns using Related software and snapshots of available documents and resources. Based on the researches, the use of Islami and Khatai and inscriptions are common features of the two mosques, which are implemented in different divisions, compositions and colors, but this difference does not create a different feeling in viewer, and both mosques instill peace in human existence. This issue is actually due to the mystery of painting that gives unity to whole building in Islamic buildings and despite the difference between the two buildings, there is a show of homogeneity and dominance of pattern and decoration over form in such a way that the form is behind the decoration and in line with the concepts and Islamic values are a message of unity and integration. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - An investigation of the Statically Presence of an Arch in the So-called Structure of Ali-Shah Ark in Tabriz
Amin Moradi behruz omrani Mahdi Zakeri Considering the architectural remnants of the so-called structure of Ali-Shah in Tabriz as the last sequence of large-scale buildings during the Ilkhanid era in which it’s approximate 29-meter span had held the largest and the highes More Considering the architectural remnants of the so-called structure of Ali-Shah in Tabriz as the last sequence of large-scale buildings during the Ilkhanid era in which it’s approximate 29-meter span had held the largest and the highest ever made arch in the Islamic World, proposing controversial technical bugs parallel to the violation of theoretical possibilities towards erecting such an arch would be the opposite point of more than half a century’s studies of historic architecture, archaeological investigation as well as historic documents in relation to the location of the Great Ali-Shah Mosque. With this pre-assumption that the U-shape structure including roughly 11 meter thickness for its walls had been considered to create a brick arch of a huge architectural project; clarifying the statically limitations of the mentioned building in terms of stability, durability, vulnerability and the impossibility of creating any kind of arch and vault in mentioned span would shed new lights towards the interpretation of historical contexts and its connections with the Ilkhanid structure appeared in the sources. After responding to question of statically feasibility of any kind of arch made by traditional masonry in so-called Ali-Shah Ark, besides statically analyses with no attention to historic reports and events, this project is aimed to play a vital role in reviewing the historic chronologies of Ali-Shah Mosque. According to the results, tensions result of loading due to any kind of arch would exceed the mechanical potentials of structure and will cause grossly deformation of vertical units under any condition. From this point of view, there has been no covering of arch either of vaults in this building anytime. In other words, there has been no relation between what is marked as Ali-Shah Mosque including the world’s largest brick arch, and what is known as today’s remnants of the so-called Ali-Shah Ark. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Manifestation of aesthetics of Isfahan philosophical school in the sacred architecture of Safavid mosques (Case study: Imam Mosque of Isfahan)
maryam davarzani amir akbari seyed sina taghaviWith the formation of the Safavid government, the ground was prepared for the expansion of philosophical schools. During this period, the philosophical school of Isfahan, which was founded by prominent personalities such as Mulla Sadra, was formed and completed all the MoreWith the formation of the Safavid government, the ground was prepared for the expansion of philosophical schools. During this period, the philosophical school of Isfahan, which was founded by prominent personalities such as Mulla Sadra, was formed and completed all the doctrinal foundations of its previous philosophers. During this period, the presence of Mulla Sadra and the founders of this school in the city of Isfahan paved the way for the formation of a flourishing period of wisdom and philosophy. On the other hand, the Safavid era was one of the most significant periods in showing the connection between architecture and philosophical schools, which has greatly influenced the foundations of the philosophical school of Isfahan and has created the most magnificent architecture compared to previous eras, which is definitely the highest expression in space. The mosque has appeared. Therefore, the present study tries to answer the question, what effect has the ideas of Mulla Sadra as the most prominent figure of the Isfahan school had on the aesthetics of Safavid architecture? And how did this effect become physical? In this regard, using the historical descriptive-analytical method, first to study the philosophical school of Isfahan, Mulla Sadra's aesthetic foundations and then how it affects the sacred architecture of the Safavid mosque. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Role of Mosques in Organizing Political Participation in Elections (Provide A Model for Maximum Participation and Engineering the Geography of the Elections in Rural Settlements of Shahivand District of Lorestan)
Heidar LotfiOne of the most important aspects of planning for rural settlements is organizing political participation of villagers in the elections which is also very important. There is no doubt that the geography of elections in rural settlements has its own characteristics. The MoreOne of the most important aspects of planning for rural settlements is organizing political participation of villagers in the elections which is also very important. There is no doubt that the geography of elections in rural settlements has its own characteristics. The main question of this article is that rural mosques in organizing the maximum participation and geographic engineering of the elections what role do in Shahivand Lorestan's rural settlements play? In fact, the geography of the elections in rural settlements in general and especially in rural settlements of Shahivand district has its own cultural, geographic and ethnic characteristics that has been revealed in different elections. Mosque of rural settlements in this section In order to organize the maximum participation and engineering geography of the election Have multiple functions which include: Political education of the villagers, explaining and encouraging people to participate in the elections, holding political discussions between representatives of the political factions and providing transparency and awareness to the residents. Given this introduction this paper will attempt to use a combination of library methods as well as the analysis of the past election in this section as well as interviews with residents and political science professors to be paid Analyze and explain the role of mosques in organizing political participation in the election in order to provide a model for maximum participation and Geography of elections in rural settlements of Shahivand district of Lorestan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Social networking sites provide a model to investigate the effects of Art mosques in Isfahan
رضا ابراهیم زاده محمد تابشThe purpose of this paper is to provide a model to study the effects of social networks cultural centers mosques of Isfahan province. The purpose and method of data collection, description of the survey and population centers, cultural managers and cultural elite center MoreThe purpose of this paper is to provide a model to study the effects of social networks cultural centers mosques of Isfahan province. The purpose and method of data collection, description of the survey and population centers, cultural managers and cultural elite centers of mosques as mosques of Isfahan. The data collection tool was questionnaire which its reliability 969/0 calculation and analysis of structural equation modeling and statistical software spss and LISREL structural equation modeling methods and Student's t test was used. The results showed a moderate to high impact social networks, the social network can increase knowledge management, environmental consequences, consequences of mental, emotional consequences, consequences of environmental education network. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Physical structure - the atmosphere of the historical city of Aleppo and dealing with Civilizations
Reza Hormehr Mohammad Ibrahim ZareiAleppo is one of the most important cities in the Near East region with its history of thousands of years. Evidence shows that this city has been located at the intersection of several trade routes since the second millennium BC and was successively ruled by tribes and MoreAleppo is one of the most important cities in the Near East region with its history of thousands of years. Evidence shows that this city has been located at the intersection of several trade routes since the second millennium BC and was successively ruled by tribes and dynasties such as Hittites, Assyrians, Arabs, Mongols, Mamluks and Ottomans. Elements such as the fort, bazaar, mosque, schools, palaces, caravanserais, and baths are all part of this coherent and unique urban fabric. This ancient city was registered in the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1986 despite its special architectural and urban development values and its unique features. Aleppo Citadel is one of the most prominent examples of medieval Islamic architecture that has been preserved until the 21st century. Parts of the old stone walls of the city are still intact, along with several of its gates. During the Syrian war, the city of Aleppo's historical fabric, including the citadel and the Grand Mosque, suffered a lot of damage, so that UNESCO declared it among the world heritage sites at risk, and therefore, efforts are being made to restore this fabric and its structural elements after recapture. The capture of the city is underway. The most visible landmark of Aleppo is the medieval citadel, which is located on a semi-man-made hill in the center of the city at a height of about 40 meters. The old part of the city, which extends outwards from the perimeter of the hill, covers approximately 1.5 square miles (4 km2). To the west of the citadel is one of the largest covered markets in the Middle East, which stretches for kilometers in narrow streets. Vendors are grouped by trade in the market, forming specialized alleys for goods including clothing, textiles, leather, soap, and spices. Many khans, mosques and houses were built with limestone materials and many of them date back to the 16th and 17th centuries. However, this would also be too simple. Despite the occurrence of various religious and ethnic wars and the occupation of this city by various dynasties throughout history and sometimes extensive damage to the physical structure and body of the city, the cohesion of the social structure has still been preserved and perhaps this cultural confrontation has turned into interaction, although The extent of the collapse of this historical city after the incredible invasion of the so-called Islamic State (ISIS) will be very extensive and lasting. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - The Influence of Mystical Ideas on the Architectural Decorations of Ilkhanid Period Buildings (Case Study of Varamin Grand Mosque)
Lida Balilan Asl Hannaneh Fayyaz Moghaddam Roghayyeh Ghaffari HafezDuring different historical eras, political, social and religious developments have appeared in the best way in art and architecture in such a way that the architectural works of each era show the dominant beliefs and thoughts of that society; Ilkhani society has also b MoreDuring different historical eras, political, social and religious developments have appeared in the best way in art and architecture in such a way that the architectural works of each era show the dominant beliefs and thoughts of that society; Ilkhani society has also been dominated by mystical and Sufism ideas. In this period, mystical teachings were spread in all parts of society, especially architecture and architectural decorations; So that these influences are evident in most of the buildings of this period. The subject of this article is to investigate the influence of mystical ideas on the architectural decorations of the Ilkhanid period and the decorations of Varamin Jame Mosque, as one of the important buildings of this period. In other words, this research examines the manifestation of mysticism in the architectural works and decorations of the Ilkhanid period. The research method of the article is the review and interpretive-historical analyzes of texts and architectural works of the Ilkhanid period. From the findings of the research, this hypothesis is proposed that Sufism and mystical thoughts have influenced the government and patriarchal architects and these influences are visible in the architectural decorations of the buildings of this period, especially in the decorations of mosques. All three types of decorations (geometric, plant and inscription) have been used in Varamin Grand Mosque, and these designs are mainly geometric or inscription. However, there are plant motifs in the building, although few. These inscriptions have religious or historical themes that historical inscriptions are used for how and when they started. Also, the symbolic concepts of numbers and shapes are abundantly used in the geometric designs, which have the largest amount of decorations and are used in a very effective style, which refer to mystical themes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Economic evaluation of Cultural Heritage Tourism, Case of Abbas: Mosque in Isfahan
M. Rajabi N. MousaviAbbasi Mosque was registered on the 15th of Daymah 1310 (1931) in the national index. The mosque is one of the architectural masterpieces, KashyKary and carvings in the eleventh century AH (the Safavid era) is a historical mosque and one of the country's historical and MoreAbbasi Mosque was registered on the 15th of Daymah 1310 (1931) in the national index. The mosque is one of the architectural masterpieces, KashyKary and carvings in the eleventh century AH (the Safavid era) is a historical mosque and one of the country's historical and cultural attractions. The aim of this study was to estimate the economic value of tourism of Abbasi Mosque as a heritage tourism attractions and measuring the willingness to pay by induiduals. The data were collocted by completing 550 questionnaires and interviews with visitors to the mosque. To analyze the factors affecting willingness to pay, the ordered probit model was used. Among the factors affecting willingness to pay, the effect of family size, level of knowledge and awareness, conservation of cultural heritage, attitude, level of income and entrance fee were statistically significant. Furthermore, on the findings, 5.94 persent of visitors were willing to pay to visit Abbasi Mosque. Furthermore, on the average, willingness to pay to visit Abbasi Mosque, was 561,375 Rials per household and the number of domestic visitors in 2010, tourism economic value of the cultural heritage of the domestic visitors and consumption surplus were over 3,560 and 2,370 million Rials, respectively Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Effect of wind speed on the drag force and wall shear stress of domes in historical mosques of Iran: a case study
Iman Pishkar Mehdi Jahangiri Rouhollah Yadollahi Farsani Ayoub Khosravi Farsani -
Open Access Article
59 - Examining the Position of Movement in the Perceptual Promotion of Mosques, Based on the Epistemological Views of Mulla Sadra(Case Study: Hakim Mosque)
Mahdi Baniasadi Baghmirani Seyed Behshid Hosseini azadeh اshahcheraghiThe basis of Mullah Sadra's epistemological discussions is based on the theory of substantial motion. Based on this theory, the promotion of perception in mosques requires movement of the audience in spaces. In this presence, different levels of movement are experienced MoreThe basis of Mullah Sadra's epistemological discussions is based on the theory of substantial motion. Based on this theory, the promotion of perception in mosques requires movement of the audience in spaces. In this presence, different levels of movement are experienced, which elevates the perception of the observer from the material level to the spiritual level. Considering the importance of this issue, the purpose of this research is to identify types of movement in architectural spaces, and to analyze how to promote perception in mosques. The key question is: How does movement in the spaces of mosques make it possible to promote perception? And in different levels of movement in mosques, which of the perceptual hierarchy is experienced? This research is interdisciplinary, analytical-interpretive and case study. In the research literature, through the analysis of philosophical texts and relying on Mulla Sadra's theory of substantial motion, the perceptual hierarchy and types of movement have been explained, and it has been analyzed in the space of mosques; Finally, with an interpretive view, the position of movement in the perceptual hierarchy in Hakim Mosque has been investigated. According to the theory of substantial motion, with the movement of the observer in the spaces of mosques, including the Hakim Mosque, in the passage of time, a level of movement occurs on the individual, which initially includes perception in the material layer; But the higher levels of movement and the evolution of the essence of the human soul, perceptions belong to the inner layer. Manuscript profile
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