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Open Access Article
1 - Effect of general rotation on Rayleigh–Taylor instability of two superposed fluids with suspended particles
G. A. Hoshoudy Pardeep Kumar -
Open Access Article
2 - Improving Manpower Performance By Job Rotation Approach Using Cuckoo Algorithm
Nasrin Jamali Monfared Ahmad Sheibat AlhamdiThe aim of this study is to find a suitable model and solution to solve of job rotation problem in a company which has been done to reduce costs and minimize the volume of work, this study has been done in order to minimize the cost, increase productivity, which accordi MoreThe aim of this study is to find a suitable model and solution to solve of job rotation problem in a company which has been done to reduce costs and minimize the volume of work, this study has been done in order to minimize the cost, increase productivity, which according to modeling done based on the Pixel company conditions, and its case study, it was carried out by the leading constraints, it is shown that the complexity of the problem is NP-hard, and the use of accurate methods for solving the problem is not possible within a reasonable time. To solve this problem, an evolutionary algorithm will be used, in this study the Cuckoo algorithm is selected, which is coded in the MATLAB software, and Cuckoo algorithm was used to solve it.And the results were compared with simulated annealing algorithm.The results show that the Cuckoo algorithm has introduced to us the most optimal solution to fit model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Improving the performance of the minimum rotational image difference function method using the CMA-ES algorithm in optimal orientation
seyed vahid Lakziyan Moosarreza Shamsyeh Zahedi aghileh heydari Majid AnjidaniOrientation is a vital ability for humans and animals. Noticing the way insects orient in nature can be used to improve the orientation skills of robots. The main question of this research can be stated as follows. What kind of information do insects perceive of natural MoreOrientation is a vital ability for humans and animals. Noticing the way insects orient in nature can be used to improve the orientation skills of robots. The main question of this research can be stated as follows. What kind of information do insects perceive of natural scenes, using their visual ability, that enables them to orient and to find the direction of movement? For orientation, the minimum of rotational image difference function (MrIDF) method can be applied using panoramic image processing [1]. In MrIDF method, even with full shift, if the distance between the location of the current view image and the reference image increases, the return path cannot be correctly identified due to the increase in the difference between the two images. In this paper, we present a solution that can be used to identify the path and return angle in places far from the reference location. We also improve the efficiency the rotIDF minimum method by using the covariance matrix adaptation evolutionary strategy (CMA-ES) optimization algorithm. We show the efficiency of this method via a navigation example. The results show that finding the direction of movement through the proposed algorithm is done with sufficient accuracy and in much less time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Evaluating the Difference between Investors Biorhythmic Internal Rotations with the Formation of a Portfolio Based on Value Stocks
Mehdi Darvishan Mohammadreza Abdoli Mohammad Mehdi Hosseini Esmail AlibeikiToday, beyond classical financial / behavioral theories, biorhythm science as a set of emotional causes: Perceptual and even physical, can be considered the basis for financial and investment decisions. In fact, this science is based on a sinusoidal diagram of a person' MoreToday, beyond classical financial / behavioral theories, biorhythm science as a set of emotional causes: Perceptual and even physical, can be considered the basis for financial and investment decisions. In fact, this science is based on a sinusoidal diagram of a person's state according to the person's position in one of the positive points; Negative and critical shows that can be considered effective on individual decisions. The purpose of this research is evaluating the difference between investors biorhythmic internal rotations with the formation of portfolio based on value stocks. This study was conducted in a period of 6 months separately and 2 months in the form of 4 periods of 15 days to investigate the differences in biorhythmic internal rotations of institutional investors. In this study, 60 institutional investors in the form of 4 groups of 15 people in order to be in three cycles of physical biorhythm; Emotional and subjective were selected and analyzed through multivariate MANOVA tests, ANOVA with repeated measure and repeated measures analysis of variance and post hoc tests. The research tool was to measure the formation of value stock portfolio, the ratio of book value to market value and the separation of companies' stocks into two parts: growth and value, and to measure the biorhythmic internal rotations of investors from Biorhythm software (Biorhythm-365) used in Android and IOS operating systems. The results showed that investors who are in the positive zone in the mental and emotional periodicity tend to use value stocks to form more portfolios than investors who are in the negative and critical zone. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Effect of Relocation and Rotation on Radial Efficiency Scores for a Partially Negative Data Problem
S .Sarkar -
Open Access Article
6 - Using desalinization models for scheduling crop rotation of saline-sodic soils: a case study in Ramhormoz region, Iran
safoora Asadi Kapourchal Mehdi Homaee Soil salinity is one of the important challenges for sustainable agriculture in arid and semi-arid regions. Accumulation of soluble salts within the soil profile adversely affects some physical and chemical properties of soils including osmotic pressure, permeabil More Soil salinity is one of the important challenges for sustainable agriculture in arid and semi-arid regions. Accumulation of soluble salts within the soil profile adversely affects some physical and chemical properties of soils including osmotic pressure, permeability and hydraulic conductivity. As a consequence, growth and development of plant is seriously reduced or fully ceased. The objective of this study was to assess using desalinization models for scheduling crop rotation of reclamation saline-sodic soils. Consequently, a large area of 45,000 ha with S4A3 (extreme salinity and sodicity) salinity/sodicity class was selected to obtain the required data ,in Khuzestan, Iran. This experiment was conducted with two treatments each with three replicates. In the first treatment, the experiment was conducted by applying just 100 cm water depth in four-25 cm intervals. In the second treatment, 10 Ton gypsum (78% purity rate) was applied prior to salt leaching together with leaching water. Soil samples were taken from 0-25, 25-50, 50-75, 75-100, 100-125 and 125-150 cm soil depths before, during and after each leaching water application interval. The required physical and chemical soil analyses were performed for the collected data. The results indicated that the logarithmic model can estimate the capital leaching requirement much better than other models. Based on the obtained model, the amount of net water needed to reduce initial soil salinity was calculated and finally crop rotation in two options was presented for reclamation of saline-sodic soils. The first option with preliminary leaching and cultivation of barley in continues leaching was assigned as the first priority. The second option with preliminary leaching and alfalfa cultivation and continues leaching was assigned as the next priority. The obtained results further indicated that the inclusion of scheduling crop rotation to the leaching practice, in addition to enhance effective leaching of soluble salts from the soil profile, causes considerable water saving. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Estimating wheat crop coefficient using remote sensing data and data reduction approach
Laleh ParvizOptimal use of irrigation water requires to the precise irrigation planning and the accurate crop coefficient estimation is the prerequisite of that particularly in the global scale. The aim of research was the comparison of preprocessing approaches of artificial neural MoreOptimal use of irrigation water requires to the precise irrigation planning and the accurate crop coefficient estimation is the prerequisite of that particularly in the global scale. The aim of research was the comparison of preprocessing approaches of artificial neural network: regression and data reduction (principle component analysis and rotation) for crop coefficient estimation using NDVI, RI, TVI, MSAVI, SAVI, mTVI, EVI, MNDVI and TVX for wheat crop coefficient of East Azarbaijan Province. The performance of regression and data reduction approaches indicated the error criteria decreasing of data reduction approach, for example RMSE increasing from rotation to regression and from principle component analysis to regression was 11.8 and 22.7%, respectively. The used approaches of crop coefficient estimation has overestimation as the average increase of crop coefficient in the validation period showed 7.7, 6.13 and 4.6% increasing of crop coefficient from FAO to the regression, principle component and rotation approaches, respectively. Therefore, using the rotation in the data reduction analysis increased the accuracy of estimation. Decreasing of correlation coefficient-39.13% - from MSAVI to NDVI indicated that the improved indices basis on the study area condition increased the performance of crop coefficient estimation using satellite images. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Responses of grass (Seashore Paspalum) to Rotational Management of Saline water
Sayyed-Hassan Tabatabaei Mohammad Pessarakli Negar NourmahnadApplying proper irrigation management can reduce the yield loss caused by salinity. Growth responses of Seashore Paspalum, in terms of shoot and root lengths, fresh and dry weights, and the general quality of the grasses were studied hydroponically in a greenhouse under MoreApplying proper irrigation management can reduce the yield loss caused by salinity. Growth responses of Seashore Paspalum, in terms of shoot and root lengths, fresh and dry weights, and the general quality of the grasses were studied hydroponically in a greenhouse under rotational levels of salinity stress. The experiment was arranged as a split plot based on randomized complete block design with four replications. Treatments include of five constant salinity levels as 5, 10, 20, and 30 gr/lit (named as Ctrl, C10, C20 and C30, respectively) as well as four more rotational salinity treatments (named as A10, A20 and A30). The results showed the maximum length of root and shoot (16.67 and 6.91 cm, respectively) was observed in Ctrl. At each salinity level, dry weight and fresh weight of shoot significantly increased in grasses grown under rotational salinity/control condition compared to their corresponding treatments under constant salinity stress condition. The percent of relative water content was higher in Ctrl, C10, A10 and A20. Also, C20 and C30 have the lower relative water content. Maximum water use efficiency observed at the Ctrl and then in A20 and A30. It concludes that rotational use of saline water causes improvement of WUE in grass. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Determining the Economically Optimal Harvesting Age of Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda) in Guilan Province
Mostafa Adibnezhad Soleiman Mohammadi LimaeiBackground and Objective: The aim of present study was to determine the economically optimal harvesting age of Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda) in Guilan Province. Loblolly pine is one of the fast growing species that had successful growth in plantation at Guilan province. MoreBackground and Objective: The aim of present study was to determine the economically optimal harvesting age of Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda) in Guilan Province. Loblolly pine is one of the fast growing species that had successful growth in plantation at Guilan province. Method: For this purpose, growth data and the stumpage price of loblolly pine were used. Regression analysis was used to determine the most suitable growth model for loblolly pine. Findings: The results showed that the best relationship between volume growth per hectare and age is a third order polynomial growth model. The equation for the price of loblolly pine stumpage was estimated based on an autoregressive model. Due to the insignificancy of this relationship at the significance level of 0.05, the average stumpage price was used for various years as an estimation of stumpage price. According to the stumpage price, annual growth and interest rate, the optimal age of loblolly pine was determined based on technical and economic criteria. Discussion and Conclusion: Results showed that economically optimum harvesting age of loblolly pine varies with different discount rates. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - MHD rotating heat and mass transfer free convective flow past an exponentially accelerated isothermal plate with fluctuating mass diffusion
K. Jonah ‎Philliph‎ M. C. ‎Raju‎ A. J. Chamkha‎ S. V. K. Varma -
Open Access Article
11 - The Future of U.S. Rebalancing in Turbulent Indo-Pacific
Ghadeer Nabizadeh Jahanbakhsh Ezadi Seyed Ali Tabatabaei Panah Hamidreza ShirzadThe shift in US strategy - from a counterbalanced strategy to a region now called the Indo-Pacific - is significant in a variety of ways. Therefore, this study aims to examine the future of the US strategy in Indo-Pacific and seeks to answer the question that according MoreThe shift in US strategy - from a counterbalanced strategy to a region now called the Indo-Pacific - is significant in a variety of ways. Therefore, this study aims to examine the future of the US strategy in Indo-Pacific and seeks to answer the question that according to the US strategy in the Asia-Pacific, how will the balance of power in the vast and strategic region change in the next decade? The region's unique features add to the Indo-Pacific strategic importance, and so the United States has sought to maintain its dominance in the region by shifting its strategy from Atlantic to Pacific. Regarding the rebalancing strategy, there seems to be ambiguities in its priorities and its components, which were tried to be reduced by presenting documents, findings, descriptions and explanations. Descriptive-analytical method was implemented to do the research and as per its findings, from one perspective, the change in China's behavior has caused the US strategic pivot to the region, and from the other perspective, the US strategic turn to the region has changed China's behavior as an active and effective regional power over the past two decades. In a nutshell, the turbulance in the regional balance of power, especially with the implementation of the massive Silk Road economic belt project (BRI) and the use of Anti-Access/Area Denial (A2/AD) strategy to deepen control on the vast Indo-Pacific, challenging US supremacy and causing problems in balance of power in favor of Beijing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - The Effect of Travel and Rotational Speeds on the Mechanical Properties of Al2024 in Underwater Friction Stir Welding
R. Azarafza A. Rabieifar A. Rezaei S. Nategh -
Open Access Article
13 - Comparison of pendimethalin EC 33% herbicide (Titan) with metribuzin and atrazine in the control of weeds in sugarcane fields
ALI EHSANIPOUR Hakim Naseri Payam Zali kakesh Davood NeisiSugarcane has a vegetative stage sensitive to weed competition, which is about three to six weeks from the time of planting in the hot season. Weed control is very necessary at the beginning of the sugarcane growing season before the sugarcane canopy closes. In order to MoreSugarcane has a vegetative stage sensitive to weed competition, which is about three to six weeks from the time of planting in the hot season. Weed control is very necessary at the beginning of the sugarcane growing season before the sugarcane canopy closes. In order to investigate the density, dry weight and EWRC index of broad-leaved and narrow-leaved weeds after using pendimethalin EC 33% (Titan) herbicide pre-emergence with the aim of establishing rotation in the use of herbicides in sugarcane fields, An experiment was conducted in 2022-2023, it was conducted in the Dehkhoda Sugarcane Agro-Industry Company in Ahvaz city of Khuzestan province, in the form of a randomized complete block design. In the experiment, checking the traits including the average density and dry weight of broad-leaved and narrow-leaved weeds in five square meters, and the EWRC index of broad-leaved and narrow-leaved weeds on 20/2/2023 and 31/3/2023. Spraying experiments were carried out with six treatments and three replications. The treatments of the experiment include control (without spraying), Pendimethalin 4 lit/ha, Pendimethalin 3 lit/ha, Pendimethalin 3.5 lit/ha, Pendimethalin 3 lit/ha + metribuzin 1 kg/ha, Atrazine 2 kg/ha + metribuzin 2 kg/ha (Conventional field spraying).The results showed that different treatments had a significant effect on the measured traits at the probability level of 1%. According to the total results and also the necessity of herbicide use rotation, the use of Titan herbicide with a dose of 3.5 to 4 liters per hectare is recommended, especially in late harvest fields. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Effect of Welding Parameters on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Spot Welded of Titanium Alloy TiAl6V4
Saeid Nader Masoud Kasiri- Asgarani kamran amini Morteza Shamanian -
Open Access Article
15 - Flow Study of Wood Plastic Composite Through a Circular Die in an Extrusion Process
N. Jafarian Jam E. Soury -
Open Access Article
16 - Experimental Study and Modeling of Friction Stir Welding Process of Aluminum 1100 Alloys, using Artificial Neural Network with Taguchi Method
V. Zakeri Mehrabad Ali Doniavi A. Gholipoor -
Open Access Article
17 - Effect of Rotational Speed on Wear Behavior and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welded AA6061+15%Al2O3p Metal-Matrix Composite
Moslem Paidar Mojtaba Jafarian Mohsen Salehi Mohammad Saeed Khakpash -
Open Access Article
18 - Experimental Study on Manufacturing of Tailor Friction Stir Welded Aluminium Blanks
Farhad Teimouri Hamid Montazerolghaem Mahmoud Farzin -
Open Access Article
19 - Fabrication of a Complicated Specimen with Two Point Incremental Forming Process
Mehdi Safari Jalal Joudaki -
Open Access Article
20 - Experimental Study on the Effects of Friction Stir Spot Welding Process Parameters on AL2024T3 Joint Strength
Majid Farhang Mohammadreza Farahani Moein Enami -
Open Access Article
21 - A Quasi-Analytical Method Algorithm Development in Redesigning the Geometry and Structural Analysis of An Aircraft Propeller and Comparing with the Finite Element Method
Behrooz Shahriari Hassan Izanlo Nedasadat SeddighiThe aircraft propeller is effective in the performance of the aircraft propulsion system and must have acceptable structural strength. The complex aerodynamic geometry of the propeller makes its analysis more difficult. In this study, dynamic and aerodynamic stresses ar MoreThe aircraft propeller is effective in the performance of the aircraft propulsion system and must have acceptable structural strength. The complex aerodynamic geometry of the propeller makes its analysis more difficult. In this study, dynamic and aerodynamic stresses are calculated using the Finite Element Method (FEM). A structural analysis algorithm based on the quasi-analytical method is developed to evaluate the finite element analysis. In this regard, first, an algorithm is developed to redesign the propeller which performs in a way that by checking the dimensions, the geometry of the quasi-propeller is determined with the same mass and the coordinates of the center of mass. Then, different algorithms are developed to calculate the distribution of mass, moment of inertia, and the cross-section of the quasi-blade geometry. The calculation algorithms of rotational dynamic and aerodynamic stress distribution are developed. The results show that the FEM and the quasi-analytical method are well matched. In this study, the force equivalent to the thrust and the opposite force to the propeller rotation are placed instead of the aerodynamic pressure distribution. The comparison of the results obtained from the quasi-analytical method and the FEM indicates that the overall maximum stress of the system occurs at the root of the propeller and the maximum net stress due to aerodynamic forces occurs in the middle of the propeller geometry. According to the results, the rotational dynamic stress is much higher than the aerodynamic stress. It is also shown that the aerodynamic stress reduces the overall stress of the system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - New Two 20-Node High-Order Finite Elements Based on the SFR Concept for Analyzing 3D Elasticity Problems
H Djahara K Meftah L Sedira A Ayadi -
Open Access Article
23 - Effect of Rotation and Stiffness on Surface Wave Propagation in a Elastic Layer Lying Over a Generalized Thermodiffusive Elastic Half-Space with Imperfect Boundary
R Kumar V Chawla -
Open Access Article
24 - Reflection From Free Surface of a Rotating Generalized Thermo-Piezoelectric Solid Half Space
Baljeet Singh B Singh -
Open Access Article
25 - Stress Analysis of Rotating Thick Truncated Conical Shells with Variable Thickness under Mechanical and Thermal Loads
M Jabbari M Zamani Nejad M Ghannad -
Open Access Article
26 - Whirling Analysis of Axial-Loaded Multi-Step Timoshenko Rotor Carrying Concentrated Masses
K Torabi H Afshari H Najafi -
Open Access Article
27 - Reflection of Waves in a Rotating Transversely Isotropic Thermoelastic Half-space Under Initial Stress
R.R Gupta R.R. Gupta -
Open Access Article
28 - Effect of Magnetic Field and a Mode-I Crack 3D-Problem in Micropolar Thermoelastic Cubic Medium Possessing Under Three Theories
Kh Lotfy Y Yahia -
Open Access Article
29 - Transversely Isotropic Magneto-Visco Thermoelastic Medium with Vacuum and without Energy Dissipation
R Kumar P Kaushal R Sharma -
Open Access Article
30 - Thermoelastic Analysis of Rotating Thick Truncated Conical Shells Subjected to Non-Uniform Pressure
M Jabbari M Zamani Nejad M Ghannad -
Open Access Article
31 - Thermomechanical Interactions Due to Hall Current in Transversely Isotropic Thermoelastic with and Without Energy Dissipation with Two Temperatures and Rotation
R Kumar N Sharma P Lata -
Open Access Article
32 - Effect of Chilling, Temperatures and Light Treatments on Seed Germination of Some Weed Species
marziyeh mazhari Mahmoud Reza Tadayon Ali TadayonIn order to evaluate the effect of chillingstratification, rotational temperature and rotational light periods on breaking dormancy and seed germination of Aegilops cylindrica, Agropyron repens,Bromus dantnoniae,Convolvulus arvensis, Setaria viridis, Centaurea cyanus an MoreIn order to evaluate the effect of chillingstratification, rotational temperature and rotational light periods on breaking dormancy and seed germination of Aegilops cylindrica, Agropyron repens,Bromus dantnoniae,Convolvulus arvensis, Setaria viridis, Centaurea cyanus and Cynodon dactylonan experiment was carried out in factorial arrangment and RCBD design at Shahrekord University. Treatments includedchillingstratification of -5, 0 and 5 °C for one, two and three weeks of rotational temperature (5-15 and 10-20 °C), in full light, dark and rotational light periods (8/16 h). The results showed chilling stratification was efffective breaking the seed dormancy of Aegilops cylindrical, Agropyron repens,Bromus dantoniae,Convolvula arvensis, Setaria viridis and rotational temperature and light broke the seed dormancy on Centurea cyanus, Cynodon dactylon and Convolvula arvensis Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Assessment the Effect of Different Planting Pattern (Rice-Wheat, Corn-Wheat) and Growth Stage on Soil Chemical Properties
Mahsa Nikobakht Khoshnaz Payandeh Ali Gholami -
Open Access Article
34 - Presenting the model of the antecedents and consequences of the transfer of managers in urban management
saeed bizhani Aval hamid rezaiefar mahdi mahmodzadeh mohammad mohammadiThis research was conducted with the aim of identifying the antecedents and consequences of the transfer of city managers in Mashhad Municipality.The approach of this research is inductive and its main strategy is the method of lived experience (phenomenology). The exis MoreThis research was conducted with the aim of identifying the antecedents and consequences of the transfer of city managers in Mashhad Municipality.The approach of this research is inductive and its main strategy is the method of lived experience (phenomenology). The existence of a researched basis and model in this category can definitely help in the development of concepts and examples related to the subject of research in urban management, especially municipalities. The findings of the research, as a concrete example in urban management, can consider the transfer of managers in cities as very vital and effective and introduce it as subject to the correct understanding of senior managers and the existence of a suitable strategy and a logical procedure in the transfer of managers. In this research, by conducting a semi-structured interview (Claizzy method) with 12 city managers and university experts, the materials were implemented and codes were extracted with the help of MAXQDA software. Further, by counting the important titles of antecedents and consequences, they are divided into two groups, positive and negative, and the effective factors of each category are determined and the characteristics of the categories are specified. Finally, based on the findings of the research, a model for the antecedents and consequences of the transfer of managers in urban management has been presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Meritocracy in the society of iran(In a Cartesian doubt)
shohre shahsavari fardIn recent years, Administrative Law have been linked to hetorical concepts. This branch of law, as in the past, has no limitative and restrictive role. Rather, it is linked with new issues such as meritocratic system, good governance, effectiveness, efficacy, pragmatism MoreIn recent years, Administrative Law have been linked to hetorical concepts. This branch of law, as in the past, has no limitative and restrictive role. Rather, it is linked with new issues such as meritocratic system, good governance, effectiveness, efficacy, pragmatism, purposivism, etc., and in turn, it tries to administer the society effectively in the light of the management rules. According to the assumptions, meritocracy requires continuity and development that leads to increased motivation and responsibility which would bring us closer to the health of the administrative law system.In this regard, the researcher is seeking to identify and analyze the most important legal-managerial ideas, which are intended to create a meritocratic and non-discrimination system, using descriptive-analytical approach; in order to answer the question of what features the meritocratic system has and what the barriers exist to its realization in society. The results reflect the fact that the legislathion of case- law , presence of a modern Asabiyyah and the lack of elites' rotation are the significant factors in the inefficiency of such system in societies Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Artificial Neural Networks Models for Rate of Penetration Prediction in Rock Drilling
Naser Ebadati‎ Mehrab ‎ AziziBased on field data, there are various methods to reduce the cost of drilling wells. One of these methods is to optimize the drilling parameters to obtain the maximum rate of penetration (ROP). Many parameters affect ROP. The main purpose of this research is the use of MoreBased on field data, there are various methods to reduce the cost of drilling wells. One of these methods is to optimize the drilling parameters to obtain the maximum rate of penetration (ROP). Many parameters affect ROP. The main purpose of this research is the use of smart networks for the penetration rate of drilling, for this purpose, well input data including drilling depth, duration of the drilling operation, speed of rotation of the drill, weight on the drill, weight and volume of drilling mud as input data. And the drilling penetration rate was prepared as output data from one of the fields located in the Persian Gulf. 70% of data is allocated for network training, 15% of data for validation and 15% of data for sensitivity analysis. According to the obtained results, it was found that using this tool, a good relationship with the total regression coefficient (0.96) is obtained for predicting the penetration rate using a neural network. Also, by repeating the calculations in repetition 12, the best value was obtained, which is equal to 14.24. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - The Statistical Examination of Ionic Ratio and Saturation Indexes to Investigate the Origion of Underground Water Resource Salts from Delfan
Tayebeh Karkhaneh ramin sarikhani Artims GhasemiThis research aims to examine underground water of delfan city in terms of geochemical characteristicsTo this end,the main elements of underground water were analyzed.Based on which all parameters were lower than allowed limit.As the saturation index can be an important MoreThis research aims to examine underground water of delfan city in terms of geochemical characteristicsTo this end,the main elements of underground water were analyzed.Based on which all parameters were lower than allowed limit.As the saturation index can be an important factor to understand solvation –setllement of mineral available in underground water ,the saturation index was calculated using computerized code phreeqc.The saturation index of the studied minerals in all water specimens was negative and all considered minerals can be solving.Also ,based on ionic exchange diagrams,sodium and cholor have two different origins and Calcite,Dolomit and Gypsum solvations have occurred from which Calcite and Dolomit solvations were higher.According to the HCA,samples are in two main clusters which Anions-Kations concentration in one cluster samples were higher .According to the clusters stiff diagram the region water type is Bicarbonate –Casic .To find main factor of underground water chemistry ,rotational Varimax method has been used which is the most common PCA,because it gives more interpretable elements.By this method,the limestones and Dolomit,s solvation and rock-water interaction are the most important factors of the region,s underground water chemistry Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Pseudo Zernike Moment-based Multi-frame Super Resolution
Sara Salkhordeh Hamidreza Rashidy Kanan -
Open Access Article
39 - Developing and solving the multi-objective flexible and sustainable job shop scheduling problem with reverse flow and job rotation considerations in uncertain situations
Arsalan Shojaei Davood Jafari Mehran Khalag Parshang Dokohaki -
Open Access Article
40 - Vortex-induced energy harvesting of an elliptic blade in high-Reynolds lid-driven cavity flow
Ali Akbar Hosseinjani Ghasem Akbari -
Open Access Article
41 - Effect of Azospirillum lipoferum Inoculation, Previous Crop, and Usage Nitrogen on Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Growth and Yield
Milad Javadi Hashem AminpanahIncorporation of winter legume crops in rotation with rice and using plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria can be a proper alternative approach in increasing sustainable crop production in rice fields. A split factorial field experiment using randomized complete block de MoreIncorporation of winter legume crops in rotation with rice and using plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria can be a proper alternative approach in increasing sustainable crop production in rice fields. A split factorial field experiment using randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at the Rice Research Station of Tonekabon, Mazandaran province, Iran, in 2014 to evaluate the effects of previous crop, Azospirillum lipoferum inoculation, and N rate on growth and seed yield of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Shiroudi). Main plots were consisted of previous crop [berseem clover, faba bean, and control (fallow)] and subplots of Azospirillum lipoferum (Inoculated and Un-inoculated) and recommended rate of N applications (50, 75, and 100 kg.ha-1). Analysis of variance showed that rice paddy yield was significantly affected by previous crop, Azospirillum lipoferum and N rate. Result also showed that rice paddy yield was increased only by 3% when rice was planted after berseem clover as it compared with rice plant after fallow. However, rice paddy yield was significantly reduced by 16% when it was planted after faba bean as compared to that it was planted after fallow. Rice paddy yield was significantly increased by 14% after Azospirillum lipoferum inoculation. Rice paddy yield was significantly increased by 11% when N application increased from 50 to 75 kg N ha-1, and further N application (100 kg N ha-1) did not affect paddy yield significantly. Based on the result of this experiment, planting rice after berseem clover, Azospirillum lipoferum inoculation and application of kg N ha-1 of recommended rates can be used to obtain highest paddy yield in the experimental site. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Evaluating the Various Cropping Systems on Cd Concentrations of Different Growth Stages of Wheat
Khoshnaz Payandeh Alireza Jafarnejadi Ali Gholami Alireza Shokohfar Ebrahim PanahporSoil contamination with heavy metals would accumulate these elements in plant tissues and decrease qualitaty and quantity of agricultural producs and thus endanger human and animal healths. Previous crop residues and rates of fertilizers applications (especially phospho MoreSoil contamination with heavy metals would accumulate these elements in plant tissues and decrease qualitaty and quantity of agricultural producs and thus endanger human and animal healths. Previous crop residues and rates of fertilizers applications (especially phosphorus fertilizer) are the most important effective factors on accumulation of cadmium in crop tissues. Another influential factor affecting soil shrinkage is crop rotation which induces the solubility of cadmium. This research was aimed to assess the effects of conventional cropping system on cadmium concentrations in wheat at its different growth stages by using a split plot in time experiment based on completely randomized block design with three replications in the 2014-2015 growing season in Shavoor Agricultural Research Station (Khuzestan province). Main plot consisted of cropping system (rice-wheat, fallow-wheat) and sub plot of growth stages at three levels (tillering, flowering and ripening). Different wheat seed cadmium concentrations due to two cropping systems were different significantly at 1% probability level. Cadmium concentration in the seeds at rice-wheat cropping system (0.31 mg.kg-1) was higher than fallow-wheat system (0.27 mg.kg-1) which is higher than World Health Organization standards. Result of analysis of variance showed that the effect of cropping systems and different growth stages of wheat on root and stem cadmium concentrations were significant at 1% probability level. Rice-wheat cropping system resulted in higher cadmium concentration in root (1.09 mg.kg-1) and stem (0.73 mg.kg-1) compared to that of the fallow-wheat cropping system. Accumulation of cadmium in stem or root at different growth stages of wheat were not significant but it was totally additive, because range of variation of cadmium concentration from planting to harvest was low. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - The Relationship among Job Rotation, Musculoskeletal Disorders and Human Resource Productivity: The Case of Iran Carton Company
fatemeh hosseinverdi mahmood doroodianThe current empirical enquiry aimed to investigate the relationship among job rotation, musculoskeletal disorders and human resource productivity in Iran Carton Manufacturing Company and to detect any significant and interaction effect among the constructs. To this end, MoreThe current empirical enquiry aimed to investigate the relationship among job rotation, musculoskeletal disorders and human resource productivity in Iran Carton Manufacturing Company and to detect any significant and interaction effect among the constructs. To this end, a sample of 116 laborers at Iran Carton Company was randomly selected to take part in the study. The research data collected from the sample were analyzed via ANOVA, Independent Samples T-test and Paired Samples T-test. The results revealed significant differences in the human resource productivity of the participants with and without job rotation practice. Similarly, significant differences were observed in risk levels of musculoskeletal disorders before and after job rotation. However, the difference in human productivity of laborers with varying risk levels of musculoskeletal disorders did not reach significance level. Moreover, the results indicated that risk level of musculoskeletal disorders did not mediate the relationship between job rotation practice and human resource productivity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Investigation of mechanical properties and fracture surfaces of 5086 Al-based alloy processed by equal channel angular pressing in different routes
Seyed Elias Mousavi Mohammad Hossein Khaleghifar Farshid Ahmadi Mahmood Meratian -
Open Access Article
45 - Effects of Friction Stir Process Parameters on Microstructure and Mechanical properties of Aluminum Powder Metallurgy Parts
Mohsen Abbasi-Baharanchi Fathallah Karimzadeh Mohammad Hossein Enayati -
Open Access Article
46 - forehead condition of the polar front in relation to the cold season on Iran
dareush sepadeh - Bromand Salahi Bohlool Alijani Batool ZinaliAbstract In this research, the seasonal behavior of polar jet streem has been identified based on the cold season (autumn and winter) on Iran. General analysis of jet streem process based on what is mentioned in the methods section was done in order to find the behavior MoreAbstract In this research, the seasonal behavior of polar jet streem has been identified based on the cold season (autumn and winter) on Iran. General analysis of jet streem process based on what is mentioned in the methods section was done in order to find the behavior patterns of jet streem in GRADS software environment . The results of the analysis indicate the existence of two main medium nuclei, one above Europe and a wider nucleus over North Africa and Saudi Arabia. The prevalence of nuclei in Europe has been higher than in North Africa. In autumn, the incidence of North African nuclei was about 30% lower than in Europe, and in winter the frequency of both nuclei was similar. The core of the polar jet streem in the two seasons, is located approximately 35 degrees north latitude. According to the information obtained from the average speed maps in autumn and winter, it seems that the speed change has been more than before. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Evaluation of the physical and chemical properties of the essential oil obtained from the oleo-gum- resin of two populations of Ferula gummosa from Fars and Isfahan provinces
Arife Vaez Shahrestani Razieh Azimi Atergeleh Vahid Abdousi Mehdi Mirza marzieh ghanbari jahromiFerula gummosa (Barijeh) belongs to the Apiaceae family and is one of the most important pasture, medicinal and industrial plants, whose oleo-gum-resin (galbanum) has a commercial aspect. The essential oil and oleoresin of F. gummosa are widely used in the food, pharmac MoreFerula gummosa (Barijeh) belongs to the Apiaceae family and is one of the most important pasture, medicinal and industrial plants, whose oleo-gum-resin (galbanum) has a commercial aspect. The essential oil and oleoresin of F. gummosa are widely used in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. The aim of the present study is to investigate and compare the physicochemical properties of the essential oil obtained from the oleo-gum-resin of two F. gummosa populations from Isfahan and Fars habitats. For this purpose, the oleo-gum-resin of F. gummosa was collected from two areas in Kashan and Fars. The essential oil was then extracted from the fresh oleo-gum-resin by water and steam distillation. The essential oil was analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively using GC and GC/MS devices. The appearance, physical and chemical characteristics of the essential oil of two populations of F. gummosa, including relative density, refractive index, optical rotation, and phytochemicals of the essential oil were investigated and compared. Based on the results, the essential oil of F. gummosa is a transparent and colorless liquid with a turpentine odour and a distinct green note. The essential oil of two populations of Kashan and Fars has relative density of 0.874 and 0.869, refractive index of 1.4810 and 1.4795, and optical rotation of 11.35° and 23.52°, respectively. The results of comparing the average physicochemical characteristics of the essential oil obtained from the oleo-gum-resin of the two F. gummosa populations from Fars and Kashan indicate that there is no significant difference in the traits of relative density and refractive index, and on the other hand, there is a significant difference in the amount of optical rotation of the two essential oil samples. Based on the essential oil analysis, hydrocarbon monoterpenes including β-pinene (71% and 68.8%), δ-3-carne (9.4% and 5.2%), myrcene (3.9% and 2.4%), α-pinene (3.6% and 3.4%) and limonene (2.4% and 15.6%) were identified as the main compounds of essential oil in two F. gummosa populations from Kashan and Fars, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Dissimilar Friction Stir Welding between Magnesium and Aluminum Alloys
Mahdi Salari -
Open Access Article
49 - Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Thickness Variation in the Spinning Process of Al-1060 Alloy
Mohammad Honarpisheh Shayan Namazikhah Iman Alinaghian -
Open Access Article
50 - Analytical and Code-based Assessment of Torsional Irregularity in Low to Medium Rise Buildings
Bijan sanaati jamal ahmadi Recent earthquakes have shown that torsional irregularity of buildings is a factor caused collapse of buildings. In previous edition of standard 2800, Iranian code of practice for seismic resistant design of buildings, there was no discussion on More Recent earthquakes have shown that torsional irregularity of buildings is a factor caused collapse of buildings. In previous edition of standard 2800, Iranian code of practice for seismic resistant design of buildings, there was no discussion on torsional irregularity. In the fourth edition, the regulations about this type of irregularity are also included. The aim of this study is to validate the regulations using analytical results and comparison of results with those regulations of other seismic codes. Parameters studied are location of shear walls in the plan, number of stories and number of axes. To study torsional irregularity in the Y plane, shear walls are considered symmetrical and asymmetrical about X and Y axis. Analyzing 96 analytical models, specified that maximum value for torsional irregularity coefficient increases by reducing the number of stories of the building. The upper stories have less torsional irregularity coefficient than the lower stories. The results of rotation angle of floor contrasts to that of torsional irregularity coefficient. A direct relationship proposed to relate the torsional irregularity coefficient and rotation angle of floor. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Investigation of the Effect of Trigonometric Rotation of the Column on Punching Shear Capacity in Two-Way Hollow Slabs Using Finite Element Metho
hadi azizian mohammad ali lotfollahi yaghin Alaaddin behraveshConsidering that the execution of column in two-way hollow slabs has some limitations especially in terms of architecture, so in some executions, the column has to be rotated, which will change the spherical balls spacing of the column edge and change the punching shear MoreConsidering that the execution of column in two-way hollow slabs has some limitations especially in terms of architecture, so in some executions, the column has to be rotated, which will change the spherical balls spacing of the column edge and change the punching shear capacity. In this field of study, no laboratory research and numerical analysis have been performed so far. In the present research , after calibration of ABAQUS finite element software to experimental results, the effect of square column rotation with different spherical balls spacing from column edge, on punching shear capacity and failure mechanism (areas prone to damage) in two-way hollow slab is investigated.The results present that by increasing the spacing of spherical balls from columnedge to (S ≥d) at different angles of rotation, the punching capacity increases and then stabilizes. Under conditions where the spherical balls' distance from the edge of the column is less than (d), the punching shear capacity is reduced by increasing the angle of rotation of the column. This is due to the presence of a damage-prone area at a distance less than (d). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Investigation of base shear in the steel structure with rotational friction damper influenced by the soil-structure interaction
Alireza Lork SAEED ABACHI Ali NikkhooRotational friction dampers (RFDs) have been proposed as one of the passive control tools in order to increase the seismic performance and lateral control of structures and the loss of input energy of earthquakes through friction in their rotating plates. Apply of MoreRotational friction dampers (RFDs) have been proposed as one of the passive control tools in order to increase the seismic performance and lateral control of structures and the loss of input energy of earthquakes through friction in their rotating plates. Apply of the rotational friction dampers will reduce shear stress and improve the dynamic response of the structures. In the nonlinear analysis and design of structures, the underlying soil is usually assumed to be rigid, if the flexibility effect of the structure bed is used, the dynamic characteristics of the structures will be different. Examining the behavior of structures by considering the effects of soil and structure interaction can give us a more accurate understanding of the behavior of structures, and this is while in most of the designed structures, the effects of soil stiffness and possible elevation of the foundation is not considered. In this article, a typical ten-story building is considered and in it, with type two hard soil and type three soft soil, the performance of the damper with different damping capacity and interaction effect was analyzed with SAP 2000 software. Shear stress in different floors of the structure was analyzed in four cases: with dampers and with the effect of soil interaction and with dampers without the effect of soil interaction, without dampers with the effect of soil interaction, and without dampers and without the effect of soil interaction. The graphs showed how much the rotational friction damper can be useful in reducing the shear in different floors of the building, taking into account the effect of soil and structure interaction. Three earthquake records were utilized for this research and at the end, the results were compared with each other. The results indicated that the use of rotational friction dampers reduced the shear in all cases and the analysis of the sliding load of the damper and the required capacity of the structure were also obtained. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Investigation of Changing the Dimensions of the Connecting Parts of Beam-to-column Semi-rigid Connections on the Behavior and the Rigidity Percentage of this Connection
ALI DELNAVAZ amirhosein mollaeskandari Structural analysis is very complicated in terms of actual behavior of its connections, and for this reason, by employing the concept of the beam line, certain stiffness is attributed to each connection and thus the connections are categorized. More Structural analysis is very complicated in terms of actual behavior of its connections, and for this reason, by employing the concept of the beam line, certain stiffness is attributed to each connection and thus the connections are categorized. In this research, a semi-rigid connection with stiffener plates is considered in the connection between a beam web and a column. For this purpose, 64 analytical models are utilized, in which the features of stiffener plates, such as height, width, and thickness are changed. There are four variable modes for height, four variable modes for widths, and four variable modes for thickness, making a total of 64 different models. The connections were modeled under a nonlinear static analysis and then the momentum-rotation diagrams were plotted for each mode. So that, the behavior of the semi-rigid connection and the impact of the connecting plates on its performance was investigated. Finally, by comparing the results, a relationship was provided for estimating the rigidity percentage of a semi-rigid connection Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - The role of phenolic compounds in growth improvement of cultured tobacco cells after exposure to 2-D clinorotation
Maryam Soleimani Faezeh Ghanati Zahra Hajebrahimi -
Open Access Article
55 - Persian off-line signature recognition with structural and rotation invariant features using by one-against-all SVM classifier
Mohammad Mohammadzade Alireza Ghonodi -
Open Access Article
56 - Analysis of Effective Factors on Housing Investment Pattern (Case Study: Ahvaz Metropolis)
abolfazl meshkini Fateme piri saeed amanpourIntroduction: various factors and a wide range of variables, including: supply and demand structure, money and capital market, currency and gold, oil income, price of energy carriers, household income, demographic factors, liquidity and inflation, housing purchase facil MoreIntroduction: various factors and a wide range of variables, including: supply and demand structure, money and capital market, currency and gold, oil income, price of energy carriers, household income, demographic factors, liquidity and inflation, housing purchase facilities, the input market for housing production, government policies, urban planning laws, etc., have undeniable effects on investment in the housing market.Research Aim: The present research was conducted with the aim of identifying and analyzing the factors affecting the circulation pattern of residential investment in Ahvaz city.Methodology: The present study is considered to be a descriptive-analytical research in terms of its practical purpose and in terms of its nature, and it was conducted by survey, field and interview methods. In order to analyze the data, exploratory factor analysis models and structural equations were used.Studied Areas: The geographical territory of the current research is Ahvaz metropolis.Results: Based on the results of exploratory factor analysis, 4 economic factors with a specific value of 11.078, physical-infrastructure factor with a specific value of 6.352, managerial-institutional factor with a specific value of 5.17 and finally social-demographic factor with a specific value of 4.19 as effective factors in developing investment model Housing were categorized. These factors, with their explanatory variables, have both positively and negatively affected the housing investment process in the metropolis of Ahvaz. The first factor with 38.19% and the specific value of 11,078 and the fourth factor with 15.239% explained the total changes of 33 items, respectively.Conclusion: The housing capital market is influenced by economic, political, physical and social factors and elements, which means that the approach of political economy is space, which considers space under the shadow of the capitalist system, which is forced to develop unbalanced for its survival. is The results of this study contribute to a general understanding of investment and housing in the metropolis of Ahvaz as the capital of the strategic province of Khuzestan and provide a useful analysis of the examples of investments made in this metropolis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Formulation of a new finite element based on assumed strains for membrane structures
Lahcene Fortas Lamine Belounar Tarek Merzouki -
Open Access Article
58 - The Psychometric Properties of Cattell Fluid Intelligence Scale in Gifted Students
Marzieh Rahmani Haidar Ali Hooman Emad Ahmadi SartakhtiThe present research examined the practicality, reliability, validity and norming of Cattell's Fluid Intelligence Scale (Scale 3, Form A). 435 gifted high school students (215 girls, 220 boys) in the academic year of 2010-2011 were selected by multistage random sampling MoreThe present research examined the practicality, reliability, validity and norming of Cattell's Fluid Intelligence Scale (Scale 3, Form A). 435 gifted high school students (215 girls, 220 boys) in the academic year of 2010-2011 were selected by multistage random sampling method and completed Scale 3, Form A of Cattell Fluid Intelligence Scale (Cattell, 1978). Based on the correlation coefficient of each item with the overall score of the scale and factor analysis of the scale items, no item was omitted. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was estimated at 0.783. Results of principal component analysis and oblique rotation for determining construct validity led to the extraction of four factors: memory span, perception accuracy, perception speed and reasoning by induction. Findings were in accordance with the Cattell Fluid Intelligence Theory. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Validation a scale for measuring entrepreneurship of managers in governmental organizations
Nasrin Sohrabifard Ali Akbar Khosravi Heidar Ali Hoomanthis study attempted to devise and validate a scale for measuring entrepreneurship among managers of the Tehran area’s governmental organizations. A random of Iran, participated in this research. In the first stage, Morethis study attempted to devise and validate a scale for measuring entrepreneurship among managers of the Tehran area’s governmental organizations. A random of Iran, participated in this research. In the first stage, a -item questionnaire scale from one to four was used. The results of this stage of the study showed that the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient ! d the item-total Polyserial correlations of seven items were not significant. In " lacked significant factor loading were omitted from the # $ reliability %& & analysis, using a varimax rotation, resulted in the following components: endeavor risk taking, locus of control, fluency, creativity and innovation, flexibility, and uncertainty and ambiguity tolerance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Costs of Mandatory Audit firm Rotation: Evidence from Audit Fees and Audit Timeliness
Mohammad Bagher Rasoulkhani Ghasem Blue Parastoo DehpourConcerns about the destructive effects of long-term relationships between auditors and business owners on auditor independence and audit quality have led to the formulation of laws limiting these relationships; Therefore, the policy of mandatory rotation, in order to im MoreConcerns about the destructive effects of long-term relationships between auditors and business owners on auditor independence and audit quality have led to the formulation of laws limiting these relationships; Therefore, the policy of mandatory rotation, in order to improve the independence of accountants and as a result to increase the quality of auditing, has attracted the opinion of legislators. Critics of this policy believe that the implementation of such a policy will lead to an increase in audit costs as well as a delay in submitting the audit report. Indeed, critics focus on the cost of forced rotation. Therefore, the aim of the current research is to investigate the price of forced rotation by considering two direct consequences including; The audit fee and the timeliness of the audit report. For this purpose, a sample of 120 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period of 2017-2022 has been selected. The ordinary least squares regression model was also used to test the research hypotheses. The obtained results show; During the mandatory rotation period, the audit costs increased and the audit report was delayed. The results of this research support the accounting profession's arguments that mandatory turnover is not without cost to various stakeholders, including clients, auditors, and investors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - The Effect of Auditor Tenure and Auditor Type on the Reporting of Conservative Earnings
Azita Jahanshad Morteza Navaei LavasaniIn Iran, according to "the rule of the trustworthy audit firms of the stock and exchange organization(2007)", after 4 years of audit services, audit firms are not allowed to accept the position of the CPA of the listed companies. The purpose of legislators is to increas MoreIn Iran, according to "the rule of the trustworthy audit firms of the stock and exchange organization(2007)", after 4 years of audit services, audit firms are not allowed to accept the position of the CPA of the listed companies. The purpose of legislators is to increase the independence of auditors, because they believe the independence of auditors will be decreased in long auditor tenure. This subject was attractive for Researchers to study the effect of auditor tenure on the accounting conservatism to know what will happen in a long tenure. We also test the effect of the auditor type(Audit Organization or other Firms) on the conservatism Index and we used the model of Givoly and Hayn(2000) to measure the conservatism. The statistical society includes the listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange 2003 to 2010. The result of the study indicated that, there is a positive significant relationship between auditor tenure and accounting conservatism, in our opinion, mandatory auditor rotation does not help to increase the accounting conservatism, and therefore we feel the necessity of the revision in the law of mandatory auditor rotation. On the other hand we found that the relationship between auditor types and accounting conservatism is not significant and it means there is no significant difference in accounting conservatism between audit organization and other firms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Auditors’ Response to Agency Conflicts in Political Connected Firms
Mohammad HassaniAbstractBecause of interest conflicts between managers-owners and the possibility occurrence of agency problems, it is important to identify the potentially driving factors of agency costs and assess the role of monitoring mechanisms in order to reduce the intensity of MoreAbstractBecause of interest conflicts between managers-owners and the possibility occurrence of agency problems, it is important to identify the potentially driving factors of agency costs and assess the role of monitoring mechanisms in order to reduce the intensity of agency costs. This paper assessed the potentially impact of external auditing on agency conflicts in political connected firms. The ratio of operational expenses to operational sales revenues is used as an index of agency costs. Also, politically governance affiliation in either board structure or ownership structure is considered as a proxy of political connection. In addition, effective role of external auditors is analyzed using auditors’ quality control rating, rotation and industry specialization criterion. Research data include 1632 firm-year observations witch consist of 204 firms listed in Tehran Securities & Exchange. Research hypotheses investigated through multivariate regression models using panel data with fixed effect and generalized least squares method. Research evidences documented that political connected firms have high level of agency costs significantly. On other side, auditor’s quality control rating, rotation and industry specialization criterion significantly lead to reduce agency costs. In addition, findings showed that auditor’s quality control rating, auditor’s rotation and auditor’s industry specialization caused to weaken the positive relation between political connection and agency costs, so lead to decrease destructive consequences of interest divergence; In fact, reputable auditors to maintain professional reputation, new auditors to maintain audit independence, and industry-specific auditors to maintain audit efficiency and effectiveness are elements of mitigating agency conflicts, especially in firms with political connection. So, it is important to understand this issue from the aspect of political connection costs and its role in intensifying agency costs, as well as from the aspect of improving audit process and its role in weakening agency costs, especially in political connected firms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Theory of a Superluminous Vacuum Quanta as the Fabric of Space
Rajan Iyer -
Open Access Article
64 - Effect of different crops rotation with rice, N rate and N split application on crop grain yield
Sajjad Rezaei Noupashani Hashem AminpanahTo evaluate the effect of previous crop, N rate and N split application on rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Hashemi) growth and paddy yield, a field experiment was conducted at Sowma'ehSara, Guilan province, in 2014 as a split-factorial arrangement based on Randomized Complete MoreTo evaluate the effect of previous crop, N rate and N split application on rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Hashemi) growth and paddy yield, a field experiment was conducted at Sowma'ehSara, Guilan province, in 2014 as a split-factorial arrangement based on Randomized Complete Block Design with three replicates. Main plots were previous crop [Berseem clover, faba bean, and control (fallow)] and subplots were the factorial arrangement of N rate (50, 75, and 100 percent of N recommended rate which was 50, 75 and 100 kg Urea ha-1, respectively) and N split application (100 percent at transplanting stage, 100 percent at tillering stage, and 50 percent at transplanting stage and 50 percent at panicle initiation). Results showed that rice paddy yield was significantly affected by previous crop and N rate, but N split application had no significant effect on paddy yield. The highest paddy yield (4142.8 kg ha-1) was obtained when rice was cultivated after berseem clover and the lowest paddy yield (3494.0 kg ha-1) was obtained when rice was cultivated after faba bean. Rice paddy yield was increased significantly by 8% as N application rate increased from 50 to 78 kg urea ha-1, but further increase in N rate (100 kg urea ha-1) had no significant effect on paddy yield. Based on the result of this experiment, the highest rice paddy (4142.8 kg ha-1) was obtained when rice was cultivated after berseem clover and N was applied at the rate of 75 kg urea ha-1. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Effects of organic amendments and zinc application on yield, nitrogen and zinc uptake in a rapeseed-wheat rotation
Ruhollah Naderi Somayeh Moradnia E. BijanzadehTo investigate the effect of organic amendments and zinc on grain yield of rapeseed and wheat, nitrogen and zinc uptake of wheat in a rapeseed-wheat rotation, a two-year study was conducted at the Agricultural college of Darab, Shiraz University in 2012-2014.In the firs MoreTo investigate the effect of organic amendments and zinc on grain yield of rapeseed and wheat, nitrogen and zinc uptake of wheat in a rapeseed-wheat rotation, a two-year study was conducted at the Agricultural college of Darab, Shiraz University in 2012-2014.In the first year of the study, treatments consisted of nitrogen fertilizer, municipal waste compost, vermicompost, sheep manure, cattle manure, and control (no fertilizer) and zinc sulphate rates of 0, 10 and 20 mg kg-1 and two rapeseed cultivars (Sarigol and RGS). In the second year of the study, in the same pots as the last year two durum wheat cultivars (Behrang and Yavarus) were sown. Results showed that sheep manure increased rapeseed yield more than the other fertilizers. Also, grain yield of Yavarus was higher than that of Behrang. The greatest grain yield observed in sheep manure treatment (5.71 g pot-1). The residual effect of sheep manure on wheat yield was more than the other organic amendments. All organic amendments except vermicompost increased nitrogen content in wheat grain significantly compared to control and the highest amount of zinc in wheat grain obtained in sheep manure treatment (39 mg kg -1). Results showed that the different rapeseed and wheat cultivars showed various responses to organic amendments and chemical N fertilizers and the type of cultivars should be taken into account while recommending these fertilizers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Effects of Intercropping and Rotation on Forage Yield and Quality of Oat and Common Vetch in Jilin Province, China
YANG YONG MOHAMAD HESAM SHAHRAJABIAN -
Open Access Article
67 - Effects of alumina nanoparticles, number of stirring pass and rotational speed on the mechanical behavior of friction stir welded (FSW) magnesium alloy (AM60)
Arash Behzadineghad Abbas mohassel Hamid Omidvar Nader SetoudehIn this study, effects of alumina nanoparticles and stirring pass in mechanical behavior of friction stir welded AM60 magnesium alloy were studied. Microscopic analysis showed occurrence of dynamic recrystallization during plastic deformation in weld area and mechanical MoreIn this study, effects of alumina nanoparticles and stirring pass in mechanical behavior of friction stir welded AM60 magnesium alloy were studied. Microscopic analysis showed occurrence of dynamic recrystallization during plastic deformation in weld area and mechanical tests revealed optimum condition for hardness and tensile strength could be produced in 1200 rpm rotational speed not only in absence of reinforcing alumina nanoparticles but also in presence of them. Opposing effects of higher temperatures in grain growth and greater strains in lowering grain size should be considered. In lacking of alumina nanoparticles, grain size diminished with increasing stirring pass but in being nanoparticles, predominant mechanism in depressing grain size came from nanoparticles and negligible effect of stirring pass in grain size was found. XRD results showed increasing solubility of γ-Mg phase as a result of stirring operation. Better toughness performance of weldment was produced via decreasing size of agglomerated alumina particles. Higher hardness and greater ultimate tensile strength were achieved in specimens with alumina nanoparticle with increasing rotational speed. In a constant rotational speed, higher hardness and greater ultimate tensile strength achieved in samples having alumina nanoparticles in contrast with free alumina nanoparticle samples Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Effect of Rotational Speed on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AA5456 Alloy Welded by FSW-Lap Joint
mohamad ali safarkhanianFriction stir welding process is solid state welding method that does not have many common defects in fusion methods. In this method for creating optimum weld, some parameters should be optimized, such as welding tool geometry, rotational speed and travel speed. The aim MoreFriction stir welding process is solid state welding method that does not have many common defects in fusion methods. In this method for creating optimum weld, some parameters should be optimized, such as welding tool geometry, rotational speed and travel speed. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of rotational speed on microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir lap welding AA5456 in rotary state to optimize the parameter values. For this purpose, Welding process was performed in rotating state, rotating tool was plunged from the cold-worked tube (AA 5456-H321 with 5 mm thickness) surface into the surface of Annealed tube (AA 5456-O with 2.5 mm thickness) and lap joints were produced by rotational speeds of 300, 500, 700 and 900 rpm and welding speed of 45 mm/min. Macro and microstructure of weld cross sections by optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were studied. Then the hardness profile and tensile shear test were obtained and compared to another. Finally the fracture surfaces of some samples were examined by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The Macro and microstructure results show that increasing of rotation speed, increases the vertical flow of material, the height of hook as well as fine-grained sediments in the nugget zone. Increasing the rotational speed, decreases hardness of weld nugget. The results of tensile shear test show that the welding parameter of (700 rpm- 45 mm/min) is the optimal combination of parameters in this study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Investigating the relationship between job rotation with the amount of abandonment and managers' anti-attitude behaviors (Case Study: Managers of Parsabad High School Education in Moghan)
khirolah sarbolandJob rotation is one of the effective factors on Service abandonment and anti-productivity behaviors The purpose of present study was to investigate the relationship between job rotation with quit service and anti-productivity behaviors. The research method was descripti MoreJob rotation is one of the effective factors on Service abandonment and anti-productivity behaviors The purpose of present study was to investigate the relationship between job rotation with quit service and anti-productivity behaviors. The research method was descriptive and correlation. The statistical population of the research is the managers of the upper secondary education level of Parsabad city of Moghan. A sample of 127 individuals was selected through random sampling. Data were collected using standard questionnaires. To analyze the data descriptive statistics, Pearson tests and multiple regressions were used by SPSS software. According to the obtained values from the data test, all hypotheses were confirmed. After reforming and reaching the final model with respect to the fitting values, the results showed that the model has good fit and strength. The results of the analysis showed that: Between job rotation and its dimensions with the amount of abandonment and anti-repression behavior in the managers the high levels of education in Parsabad city of Moghan has a significant relationship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Factors affecting sustainability of wheat cultivation system in Gorgan county
mohammad mehdi mirzaei Zahra ArdakaniSustainability in wheat cultivation systems depends on several components. The current study was conducted to identify and analyze the sustainability components of wheat cultivation system in Gorgan county. The statistical population was all farmers and wheat growers of MoreSustainability in wheat cultivation systems depends on several components. The current study was conducted to identify and analyze the sustainability components of wheat cultivation system in Gorgan county. The statistical population was all farmers and wheat growers of Gorgan county. Samples volume was estimated through Cochran formula and samples were chosen randomly. Finally, 190 questionnaires were used. The validity of questionnaire was confirmed by the agricultural development experts and the reliability of the questionnaire items was calculated by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient as 0.806. Data analyzed by factor analysis method and in descriptive and analytical parts. There was a significant positive correlation between the main variables such as cultivated area of wheat, integrated pest management and land reform, using modified seeds, number of visits to extension centers, sustainable agricultural knowledge level, job satisfaction from agriculture, profit from wheat cultivation, wheat yield and sustainability factors of wheat cultivation system. In total, five factors of ecological-crop factors, sustainable-oriented crop operation, support-extension services factor, social-collaborative status factors, and economical factor consisting total of 21 variables accounted for about 74% of variance in sustainability of wheat cultivation system in Gorgan county. Improving rural resource management, expanding cooperative and participatory agricultural activities, native knowledge of farmers, policy-makings by extension planners and reducing production. Costs in the exploitation process can play an effective role in improving the process of agricultural stabilization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Effect of Hungarian vetch residues on initial establishment and yield of wheat cultivars in field condition
Bahman Abdolrahmani Gholamreza ValizadehTo investigate the effect of different amounts of Hungarian vetch residues on growth and yield of wheat cultivars in cold regions, an experiment was conducted in a strip plot design based on randomized complete block design with three replications during the growing yea MoreTo investigate the effect of different amounts of Hungarian vetch residues on growth and yield of wheat cultivars in cold regions, an experiment was conducted in a strip plot design based on randomized complete block design with three replications during the growing years of 2014-2017 at Dryland Research Institute of Iran, Maragheh Station. The amounts of vetch residues in three levels of 0, 1.5 and 3 ton/ha as horizontal factor and wheat cultivars including Homa, Azar2 and Baran as vertical factor were evaluated. The experiment was carried out on forage – wheat rotation farm, and the plant residues of the vetch were added to the experimental plots spread uniformly on the surface of the soil. Plant residues of 1.5 tons per hectare had a positive effect on early establishment of seedlings in the field, yield and yield components of wheat. Homa cultivar had the highest positive reaction to the addition of green vetch residues in the amount of 1.5 tons per hectare in terms of thousand kernel weight, grain yield, biomass yield, harvest index, productivity rate and recipitation efficiency index. Therefore, the maintenance of vetch residues of 1.5 tons per hectare can improve the yield of wheat. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - The effect of rotation and nitrogen fertilizer on yield and nitrogen, potasium and phosphorus concentrations in wheat
Shahram Shoaei folora rafiei ali kashaniIn order to investigate the effect of rotation and two nitrogen fertilizer rates on yield and some agronomic characteristics of Chamran wheat cultivar, an experiment was conducted as factorial based on randomized complete block design with four replications MoreIn order to investigate the effect of rotation and two nitrogen fertilizer rates on yield and some agronomic characteristics of Chamran wheat cultivar, an experiment was conducted as factorial based on randomized complete block design with four replications in experimental field of agriculture faculty of Ahvaz Shahid Chamran University in 2002. Rotation treatments including wheat-wheat, corn-wheat, sudangrass-wheat, mixed forage-wheat, suger­beet-wheat and sudangrass-rape seed-wheat and nitrogen fertilizer requirement for producing 5 and 7 tons per hectare were considered as experimental factors. The results revealed significant effect of rotation and nitrogen levels on grain and stubble protein yield. The hieghest grain yield was obtained from sugeer­beet-wheat and corn-wheat rotations in nitrogen level for 7 ton per hectare grain production .Nitrogen, phosphorus and potasium uptake amounts had no significant variation under rotation in all treatments. Nitrogen and phosphorus uptake amounts were lower than optimum and potasium uptake amount was optimum in Ahvaz climate condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - Effect of wheat residues on initial establishment, cold tolerance and yield of rainfed barley cultivars in field condition
Bahman AbdolrahmaniTo investigate the effect of different amounts of wheat residues on growth and yield of barley cultivars in cold regions, a strip plot design based on a randomized complete block design with three replications was done in two years at Dry land Research Institute of Iran MoreTo investigate the effect of different amounts of wheat residues on growth and yield of barley cultivars in cold regions, a strip plot design based on a randomized complete block design with three replications was done in two years at Dry land Research Institute of Iran, Maragheh Station. In this study, the amount of wheat residues at three levels of 0.0, 1.5 and 3 ton/ha as horizontal factors and barley cultivars including Sahand, Abidar, Reyhan03 and Usef as vertical factors were evaluated. The experiment was carried out on a wheat- barley rotation farm. Residues of the wheat were added to the experimental plots and distributed uniformly on the surface of the soil. Plant residues of 3 tons per hectare had positive effects on early establishment of seedlings in the field, cold tolerance, yield and yield components of barley. The results also showed that Abidar cultivar had the highest positive reaction to the addition of wheat residues in the amount of 3 tons per hectare in terms of seedling emergence rate and percentage, thousand kernel weight, grain yield, biomass yield, productivity rate and precipitation efficiency index. Therefore, the maintenance of wheat residues of 3 tons per hectare can improve the yield of barley in cold regions Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Investigation on the effect of different wheat based crop rotations on weed seed bank of wheat fields in Miyaneh region
Vahid Shaghagi Shahram Shahrokhi Khangah Ali Faramarzi Mohsen BeheshtianEffect of wheat based crop rotations including wheat and corn, wheat and sunshade, wheat and onion and wheat and sorghum rotations on weed seed bank of wheat farms was investigated in around of research field of Islamic Azad university, Miyaneh branch. Soil samples were MoreEffect of wheat based crop rotations including wheat and corn, wheat and sunshade, wheat and onion and wheat and sorghum rotations on weed seed bank of wheat farms was investigated in around of research field of Islamic Azad university, Miyaneh branch. Soil samples were collected at 0-10 and 10-20 centimeter soil depth using Uger in September 2005. Experiment was carried out with five treatments as factorial in a completely randomized design with 25 replications and continuous cultivation of wheat was considered as control. Leaching with cloth bags method was used to study of seed weed bank in different treatments. In this research, 14314 weed seeds belonging to 35 species were collected and identified. The results of variance analysis revealed that Cyperus fuscus L. seeds in control and wheat and corn treatments, and Amaranthus retroflexus in wheat and sunshade, wheat and onion and wheat and sorghum rotations were more frequent. Seeds of A. blitoides, A. retroflexus, Avena fatua L., Fumaria spp. and Cuscuta spp. were also seen in all treatments. However A. retroflexus, C. fuscus, A.blitoides and Fumaria spp. were the most frequent of 21 common weeds of wheat farms, respectively. Seed production of Fumaria spp., Setaria verticillata, Schoenoplectus mucronatus L., C. fuscus, Hibiscus trionum L. and Portulaca oleracea L., in all rotation treatments was much less than control. However the mentioned treatments had not significant effect on seed numbers of some weeds such as A. blitoides, C. fuscus, Sorghum halopens and P. oleracea. In continuous cultivation of wheat (control), seeds of two mentioned Amaranthus species, S. halopens, Polygonum hyracanicum, P. paulum, S. verticillata, Hyosyamus spp. and Marribium vulgare L. were significantly less than those of wheat and sunshade treatment. Also seeds of Euphorbia spp., Cuscuta spp. and P. paulum, in comparison to wheat and onion, Sisymbrium loesselii L., in comparison to wheat and corn and Aleopecurus myosuroides Hudson, in comparison to wheat and sorghum treatments were significantly more than control. In the other word, some weeds were better controlled by continuous cultivation of wheat. Rotations of wheat and sorghum, wheat and onion and wheat and corn caused significant reduction in seed bank of 35 collected weed species. However, total numbers of collected weed seeds at two studied soil depths had no significant differences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Broomcorn allelopathic effect on germination and early growth stages of barley
Somayeh Hashemizadeh Soleiman Jamshidi shahram shahrokhiBroomcorn is extensively cropped in Miyaneh region for traditional broom production and occasionally included in rotation with barley by local farmers. The research objective was clarifying of broomcorn allelopathic potential on barley germination and initial growth. Al MoreBroomcorn is extensively cropped in Miyaneh region for traditional broom production and occasionally included in rotation with barley by local farmers. The research objective was clarifying of broomcorn allelopathic potential on barley germination and initial growth. Allelopathic properties of 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10% of broomcorn roots and shoots aqueous extracts sampled 1, 2, 3, and 4 months after planting, also root exudates using equal compartment agar method and 5 and 10% of intact and burnt crop residues aqueous extract on barley germination and initial growth were evaluated. Also, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10% of 3-month broomcorn foliar extracts on barley seedlings growth was evaluated in greenhouse condition. Broomcorn root extracts was less allelopathic on barley seed germination, also 3-month foliar was the most allelopathic studied plant organs on seed germination and growth of barley. Also, broomcorn root exudates were more toxic on barley plumule than radicle. Residue burning decreased allelopathic effect of broomcorn residue up to 77%. Irrigating with broomcorn extracts had less allelopathic effects than direct bioassay on barley seedlings in laboratory. Considering remarkable allelopathic potential of broomcorn on barley, its residue management should be concerned in broomcorn-barley rotations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - Investigating the residue effects of herbicides uses in wheat after corn(karaj)
ehsan alah jalili farnaz ganjabadiIn order to evaluate the effects of four commercial formulations of sulfonylurea herbicides include Titus (rim Sulfurun), Cruz (nicosulfuron), Ekoup (Foramsulfuron) and Aultyma (nicosulfuron + rim Sulfurun) and four new herbicide dose Lomax (Mzutryun + S Mtalaklr + Trbu MoreIn order to evaluate the effects of four commercial formulations of sulfonylurea herbicides include Titus (rim Sulfurun), Cruz (nicosulfuron), Ekoup (Foramsulfuron) and Aultyma (nicosulfuron + rim Sulfurun) and four new herbicide dose Lomax (Mzutryun + S Mtalaklr + Trbutylazyn) in the form of pre- and post-emergence and D + MCPA (U-46 Dyfluyyd) and treatment without herbicide application in the field after corn on the performance and growth parameters of wheat were studied. Experiments in Tehran (Karaj) in a randomized complete block design was done after harvest. Wheat (the leading) in the previous field of corn that were treated with these herbicides. In this experiment, grain and biological yield, harvest index and crop growth parameters in rotation with maize had been analyzed. Based on the results, when the crop was wheat in rotation with maize, herbicide residues Titus and post-emergence herbicide for Lomax (5.4 liters per hectare) wheat grain yield and 7/19 respectively. and 1.9% respectively 3.9 and 1.7 percentage yield decreased, and had the most negative effect on wheat. Lomax also treated postemergence at a rate of 4 liters per hectare, with a maximum leaf area index, dry matter production had the highest and lowest herbicide treatments produced Titus leaf area index, the lowest dry matter, respectively. Manuscript profile
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