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Open Access Article
1 - Sustainable Prefabricated Structure Design by Salt Sediment Inspired from Material Distribution Optimization of Human Trabecular Bone
Azin Jalali mahmoud golabchiNature can be an interesting source of human inspiration for design and inventions. Man has been always related to the nature in different levels. Bionic Architecture is a new trend in contemporary world that benefits from sustainable nature`s solutions for human proble MoreNature can be an interesting source of human inspiration for design and inventions. Man has been always related to the nature in different levels. Bionic Architecture is a new trend in contemporary world that benefits from sustainable nature`s solutions for human problems. There are two main methods of bio inspired design, First: Bottom-Up or solution based method, Second: Top-Down or problem based method. The authors used Top-Down or problem based method to find the article`s main question: How to design a sustainable self-growing and self-compacting structure which is cheap and uses minimum material. First there was problem of construction with minimum material usage and ecosystem damage, then human bone as an inspiring source was focused on, and abstracted form modeled by 3D printers can lead this basic prototype to industrial mass production. This article aims to find a solution for problem of over extracting materials from environment which is a factor of unsustainability in architecture and construction industry. It tries to discover the pattern of how structures optimize their material usage to build their selves. Natural structures extract needed materials from their context gradually, an example of these structures in nature is human bone that have balance between strength, weigh and material distribution. How to simulate this semi prefabricated, self-compacting and intelligent structure able to self-healing and self-destroying itself in essential parts and gradually extract material from its context environment grows and completes itself is the result of this article. The process of simulation from natural model to industrial sample is discussed in the main text. The process contains these steps: Discovering bone structure, Abstracting bone pattern, Simulating bone growth, and providing sediment phase. Bone structure can be simulated into two different ways. One of them is using random points as basic matrix and the other one is Voronoi pattern. Both of these methods can be modeled by Grasshopper plugin and Rhino software. After modeling abstracted Trabecular pattern as basic matrix, it can be made by 3D printers which use cheap and abundant material like sand. The basic sand matrix is put into over salinized water to become more and more compacted by time duration and salt sediments. The Piezoelectric property of the bone cells could be ignited by external forces is the basic cause of calcium ions absorption from bloodstream and calcium precipitation on bone matrix. Bone grows up according to the direction of the external force vectors. Simulation of this dynamic process in a smart structure that builds and destroys and repairs itself is proposed to use Quarts sensors which has the same piezoelectric feature and can simulate the behavior of bone calcium precipitation by making heat from the forces that have to bear and making heat as reaction. The material for process of structure growth is salt (sea salt). As the water of Persian Gulf or Lake Urmia is facing over salinization crisis, extracting salt from these over salty water and returning less salty water to its source can supply environmental sustainability of this kind of construction method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Electronic effects on singlet-triplet energy splittings in aryl-cyclopentadienylidenes
M. Mahmodi Hashemi M. Mirzaei -
Open Access Article
3 - Long-term effects of green tea extract on the damage caused by Doxorubicin in rat bone marrow
M. Moosavi, P. Mortazavi, N. Atyabi, M.A Porkabireh,One of the most well known anti-cancer drug is Doxorubicin. However, green tea has manyantioxidant properties. In this study, the long-term effects of green tea on bone marrow lesionscaused by Doxorubicin in rats were studied. 30 adult male Wistar rats were randomly div MoreOne of the most well known anti-cancer drug is Doxorubicin. However, green tea has manyantioxidant properties. In this study, the long-term effects of green tea on bone marrow lesionscaused by Doxorubicin in rats were studied. 30 adult male Wistar rats were randomly dividedinto 6 groups. Control, LGT (long-term use of 3% green tea extract for 60 days), SHGT (shorttermuse of 3% green tea extract for 10 days), LGT + DXR (long-term use of 3% green teaextract for 60 days with injections IP doxorubicin for 3 days), SHGT + DXR (short-term use of3% green tea extract for 10 days in combination with doxorubicin (IP) injection for 3 days),DXR (doxorubicin injection for 3 days). 24 hours after the last injection of DXR, rats euthanizedand tissue samples were taken for histopathology of the femur. The enzymes catalase andsuperoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured. The histopathology results show that the DXRinduced severe bone marrow suppression that myeloid cells was more involved. SHGT + DXRgroup was similar to DXR, but the cell density was similar to control group. The LGT + DXRcell density was very similar to the control group. There was a small amount of myeloid celldestruction. Measurement of catalase and SOD indicates a significant difference betweentreatment and control groups. Results show that Doxorubicin may cause damage in rat bonemarrow, but long-term use of green tea can reduce the damage caused by doxorubicin. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Evaluation of β-tricalciumphosphate (β-TCP) nanocomposite granules compared with nanocomposite hydroxyapatite (HA) on healing of segmental femur bone defect in rabbits
Eftekhari, H., Jahandideh, A., Asghari, A., Akbarzadeh, A., Hesaraki, S. .The loss of bone fragments, often due to trauma, infection, mass loss, or even complete bone regeneration after complicated fractures, is one of the constant challenges in medicine and veterinary medicine. Over the last decades, many efforts have been made to obtain mat MoreThe loss of bone fragments, often due to trauma, infection, mass loss, or even complete bone regeneration after complicated fractures, is one of the constant challenges in medicine and veterinary medicine. Over the last decades, many efforts have been made to obtain materials that have the potential for high bone regeneration and to replace alternatives to autograft or zenografts. In this study, 45 adult male New Zealand male rabbits weighing 3-5 mg/kg, randomly divided into 3 groups of 15, were used. During surgery on the femur of each rabbit, a bilateral, 6 mm diameter defect was created. In the first group (control), no substance was used, in the second group, hydroxyapatite, and in the third group, nanocomposite tri-calcium phosphate (TCP) was used to fill the defect. Bone specimens were harvested for histopathologic evaluation on days 15, 30 and 45 and for evaluation of 4 indexes of union, spongiosa, cortex and bone marrow. The results showed that the results of using nanocomposite tricalcium phosphate in comparison with other groups were significantly different in all cases. Therefore, according to the results, it can be admitted that nanocomposite tri-calcium phosphate scaffold has a positive effect on the healing process and has good bone strength, so it can be widely used in orthopedic surgery as well as tissue engineering. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Evaluation of the performance of titanium dioxide nanocomposite scaffold compared to hydroxyapatite on the healing of rabbit femoral bone defects
حسین Sonbolekar علیرضا Jahandideh احمد Asghari سعید Hesaraki, ابوالفضل Akbarzadeh,This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of titanium dioxide nanocomposite scaffolds for the reconstruction of femur defects in rabbits. To investigate the effect of nanocomposites on the healing processes of broken bone (bone defect). 18 MoreThis study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of titanium dioxide nanocomposite scaffolds for the reconstruction of femur defects in rabbits. To investigate the effect of nanocomposites on the healing processes of broken bone (bone defect). 18 New Zealand adult male white rabbits weighing 3 kg were studied. A cylindrical defect with a diameter of 6 x 5 mm was created in the femur of rabbits. The animals were divided into three experimental groups. The experimental groups after the defect were created included control, control (hydroxyapatite) and treatment (titanium dioxide). On the 15th and 45th days after surgery, the animals were killed and a sample was taken from the bone defect site and placed in 10% buffered formalin. 5 μm sections were evaluated after general and trichrome staining. Improvement of inflammation on day 15 and formation of new bone on day 45 in the nanocomposite group was the best in terms of ossification repair unit and reduction of inflammation. Nanocomposite had a significant recovery function in bone regeneration of defective areas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - The Relationship between Body Composition and Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women
Mandana Gholami Neda Ghassembaglou Hojatollah Nik Bakht Fariba EslamianIntroduction: Osteoporosis is a skeletal system disease that is characterized by the low bone mass. The major consequence of this disease is bone fractures that occur more in weightbearing areas such as vertebrae, femur and even non weight-bearing joints such as wrist. MoreIntroduction: Osteoporosis is a skeletal system disease that is characterized by the low bone mass. The major consequence of this disease is bone fractures that occur more in weightbearing areas such as vertebrae, femur and even non weight-bearing joints such as wrist. The purpose of this study was to describe the relationship of body composition and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 50 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, aged between 45 and 65 years who were recruited from Sina hospital in Tabriz. Body mass, fat mass, lean body mass, and bone mineral density at the spine and femoral neck were measured. Skinfold thickness was determined by caliper. Bone mineral density was measured by DEXA at the spine and femoral neck. Association between parameters of body composition and bone mineral density analyzed using a multiple regression analysis.Results: The body composition parameters indicated that only lean body mass had a significant relationship with osteoporosis in the femoral neck (R2 =0.271, P<0.05) and in the lumbar spine (R2=0.088, P<0.05).Conclusion: Our data indicated that from the body composition parameters, lean body mass is a powerful predictor of osteoporosis. Using this model, females at risk of osteoporosis can be identified; therefore early prevention and treatment are possible. This can also prevent unnecessary expenses of diagnostic procedures for people without the risks of osteoporosis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - A Comparative Study of Biodiesel Production from Beef Bone Marrow
Z. Didar -
Open Access Article
8 - Micro-Finite Element Model to Investigate the Mechanical Stimuli in Scaffolds Fabricated via Space Holder Technique for Cancellous Bone
Sayed Alireza Hashemi Saeid Esmaeili Mazyar Ghadirinejad Saeed Saber-Samandari Erfan Sheikhbahaei Alireza Kordjamshidi Amirsalar Khandan -
Open Access Article
9 - Gene expression pattern Of insulin-like growth factor–i receptor induced by tumor necrosis factor-αin human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells
Zainab Sahraiyan Maryam Ayatollahi Ramin YaghobiInroduction and ObjectiveAcute liver failure (ALF) is a severe liver injury accompanied by sustained liver damage. It is imperative that new approaches for repairing the liver are developed. Cell-based therapy has been implicated in the treatment of liver diseases. Mese MoreInroduction and ObjectiveAcute liver failure (ALF) is a severe liver injury accompanied by sustained liver damage. It is imperative that new approaches for repairing the liver are developed. Cell-based therapy has been implicated in the treatment of liver diseases. Mesenchymal stemcells (MSCs) from various sources such as bone marrow are available. These cells are one of them ajorcandidates incell therapy.The production of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) increases in the regenerating liver. The IGF-I in liver regeneration is effective after binding to insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR).We hypothesized that tumor necrosis factor-αstimulate MSCs to cause IGF-IRexpression.Materials and Methods:Bone marrow was aspirated fromhuman normal donor after informing consent. Cells were isolated and cultured. Identification of cells with flow cytometric analysis was performed. Fourth passage cells were treated with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)at 1 ng/mL doseand incubated at different times (2, 10, 24 and 48 hours).The IGF-IRgene expression was investigatedusing real time-polymerase chain reaction technique.Results: Flow cytometric analysis showed that the human bone marrow MSCs were positive for CD90 and negative for CD45 and CD80.The IGF-IRgene expression was increased in TNF-α treated in comparison with untreated cells.Conclusion:Increase gene expression pattern of IGF-IR in human bone marrow derived MSCs may be used for clinical stem cell therapy in ALF. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Radiological and Histopathological Study of the Effects of Tragacanth Gum on Healing Femoral Defects in New Zealand Rabbits
الهام مقتدایی davoud malekiBInroduction & Objective: Skeletal injuries are common in animals and even humans today. Various methods have been used to treat and repair fractures. The prevalence of fractures and the and time-consuming methods used today have led us to sick a new way to treat bo MoreBInroduction & Objective: Skeletal injuries are common in animals and even humans today. Various methods have been used to treat and repair fractures. The prevalence of fractures and the and time-consuming methods used today have led us to sick a new way to treat bone defects. Material and Methods: Twelve new zealand rabbits weighing 1.5-2 kg were selected and kept for six weeks. Antiparasitic therapy and antibiotic therapy were performed. The rabbits' anterior limbs were shaved and entered the anesthesia phase. Then, in sterile conditions, the skin was exposed by cutting the skin and removing the radius muscles. The bone piece was removed with a mini-surgical mill and the sterilized tragacanth gum was placed in the bone cavity, the skin was sutured. After receiving antibiotics, rabbits were divided into control and sample groups and underwent radiology and histopathology during 2 and 6 weeks.Results: The results of the sixth week showed significant differences in bone tissue formation between the control and treatment groups (P <0.05). there was a statistically significant difference between the control and treatment groups in the fibroplasia variable in the sixth week (P <0.05). Comparative study of radiographic evaluation of the studied variables did not differ significantly between groups on different days. Conclusion: The results showed that tragacanth gum has a significant effect on bone repair and can be used in related disorders. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Relationship Between Radiographic bone analysis and Clinical Factors in Patients with Peri-implantitis
Kosar Kianfar Mehdi Abrishami Azadeh Torkzadeh Nasim Farkhani Vahid Pashaei -
Open Access Article
12 - Minimizing Alveolar Ridge Shrinkage Following Immediate Implant Placement: A Literature Search and Narrative Review
Rickson Daniel Valtellini Douglas Deporter -
Open Access Article
13 - ANSYS Modeling for Bone Reconstruction by Using Hybrid Nano Bio Composite
J Sattar Kashan S Mahmood Ali -
Open Access Article
14 - Effect of 1-OH-cholecalciferol supplementation on ileal digestibility of dietary calcium and phosphorus and growth performance of turkey poults
maryam khaksar Boldaji Fatemeh Shirmohammad morteza mehriThe current study was aimed to investigate the effect of 1-OH-D3 on ileal digestibility of dietary calcium and phosphorus and turkey performance. A total of 225 one-day- old male bronze strain turkey with a mean body weight of 65 g were allocated to 3 treatments with 5 MoreThe current study was aimed to investigate the effect of 1-OH-D3 on ileal digestibility of dietary calcium and phosphorus and turkey performance. A total of 225 one-day- old male bronze strain turkey with a mean body weight of 65 g were allocated to 3 treatments with 5 replications (each, 15 birds) for 8 weeks, under a completed randomized design. Diets were adjusted separately for two periods 1-4 and 5-8 weeks of age. The experimental treatments, for the first period were consisted: 1) control, containing D3 (4500 IU/kg) 2) 1-OH-D3 (0.14 gr/kg without D3) 3) 1-OH-D3 (0.07 gr/kg) + D3 (2250 IU/kg) and for the second period of experiment were consisted: 1) control, containing D3 (3500 IU/kg) 2) 1-OH-D3 (0.12 gr/kg) 3) 1-OH-D3 (0.06 gr/kg) + D3 (1750 IU/kg) in the diet. The results showed that no significant differences exist among treatments in turkeys’ body weight, feed intake and feed conversion ratio. However, the use of 1-OH-D3 in treatments 2 and 3 increased the ileal digestibility of calcium and phosphorus and the levels of calcium and phosphorus in plasma and bone, also decreased the activity of alkaline phosphatase in plasma, in compared to the control group (P<0.05). Our findings imply that inclusion 1-OH-D3 to the diet did not affect on growth performance in turkeys. However, it caused to increase absorption and accumulation of calcium and phosphorus in bone. In conclusion, 1-OH-D3 can be used to improve the quality of the turkey bone, alone or in combination with D3 Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Using cause and Effect Diagram to Survey the Cause of Bankruptcy and Slump Domestic Industries by QFD & FMEA Approach
Mohammad Amin HesamiNezhad Mahnaz Zarei Mohammad Bagher MoayediIn paying attention to the recent years, domestic industries encounter severe slump and some of them has become insolvent, some are also at the beginning of bankruptcy. The existence of a research that would be able to applicability and simply show the causes of domesti MoreIn paying attention to the recent years, domestic industries encounter severe slump and some of them has become insolvent, some are also at the beginning of bankruptcy. The existence of a research that would be able to applicability and simply show the causes of domestic industries bankruptcy, and make it flexible to the government`s honorable attendants, congress representatives, judicature, and other governmental and private organizations, has been less seen. Therefore, the writers of this article have tried at the first step to extract the main causes of bankruptcy and slump domestic industries from the writing and speeches of country`s attendants and experts and specialists. At the second step, the causes are presented to specialists and advisers of Ministry of Industry and Mining. Then by using Quality Function Deployment (QFD) and Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) more than 90 problems are extracted, classified and prioritized, and then the obtained results are used as input to draw cause and effect diagram (fishbone diagram). In this article to draw cause and effect diagram, the bankruptcy causes and slump domestic industries are categorized into 8 parts: 1. government, 2. domestic industries, 3. goods smuggling, 4. bank, 5. judicature, 6. Congress, 7. environment, and 8. people. On the one hand, this diagram can simply show the domestic industries problems based on their importance and on the other hand specify the related organizations to solve the problems. This current research from the viewpoint of purpose is an active research and from the aspect of approach and nature is a descriptive-applicable research in which the library approach is used to gather information, and also experts judgment are used for validity and reliability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - The Dual Meaning of the Expresion "Az Bone Dandān"
Mohammad IraniThe ironic expression "az bone dandaan" has been written to mean "wholeheartedly and desirous" in all Persian Dictionaries including general and specific ones like those of idioms and expressions or the ones devoted to a particular p MoreThe ironic expression "az bone dandaan" has been written to mean "wholeheartedly and desirous" in all Persian Dictionaries including general and specific ones like those of idioms and expressions or the ones devoted to a particular poet's or work's terminology. In fact they have just pointed to one aspect of its meaning. Since this meaning was not in accordance with the semantic structure of some of the lines of poetry, the present author analysed a number of cases from Old Poetry and Prose texts. The outcome shows that the aforementioned expression should be regarded as one of the "Opposits" in Persian, because in the collected cases one can see that the expression means exactly something contradictory which has been ignored by lexicographers. In the opposite case the expression means: "obliged or forced to do something." This expression is an adverbial and a prepositional phrase. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Protolits of Boneh- Shorou Amphibolites in Gelmandeh massive (Saghand-Central Iran)
آرش Gorabjiri pour A.R Hoshmand zadeh KH KHosro-Tehrani M.H EmamiThe Gelmandeh Massive is a low relief high located north-east of Saghand, in Yazd province..From thepoint of view of structural geology, it is part of "Central Iran" the Kalmard_Posht-e-Badam Block, east ofthe Posht-e-Badam Fault.This structural high is composed of a co MoreThe Gelmandeh Massive is a low relief high located north-east of Saghand, in Yazd province..From thepoint of view of structural geology, it is part of "Central Iran" the Kalmard_Posht-e-Badam Block, east ofthe Posht-e-Badam Fault.This structural high is composed of a combination of metamorphosed sedimentary rocks, amphibolitesand pink quartzific and feldspatic gneissic. The characteristic of the mica schist is the high percentage ofre-criticized quartz and large, bent muscovite crystal. This unit is seen in close proximity of muscovite ofan amphibolites complex, which is divided in two the fallowing three parts:1) hornblendite with excess of 90% hornblende2) garnet-amphibolites (containing) oligoclase, tschermakite and hastingsite variety of hornblende andlarge, brown garnets of almandine-grossularite type3) Grey banded amphibolitic gneiss with augen texture.Field observations and geochemical studied point to a magmatic protolite for the amphibolites but of twodifferent origins:1) Basaltic with calcalkaline & potasic calcalkaline affinity derived from an enriched mantle2) basaltic with calcalkaline to tholeitic affinity with crustal contamination.Both are of within plate variety, produced by "hot spot affected the crest in two different time Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - The effect of intra-myocardial injection of secretion of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell on Myocardial infarction in male rabbits
narges kakadezfuly maryam naseroleslami nahid aboutalebBackground and Aim: Despite the use of stem cells in the treatment of diseases, especially heart disease, there is a lot of ambiguity about the act of cells and their secretions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of secretion of bone marrow MoreBackground and Aim: Despite the use of stem cells in the treatment of diseases, especially heart disease, there is a lot of ambiguity about the act of cells and their secretions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of secretion of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells on myocardial infarction in male rabbits. Materials and Methods: After isolating the stem cells from the bone marrow and preparing the conditioned medium, 30 Male rabbits were randomly divided into three groups(n=10). Myocardial Infarction was induction in two groups and in a group conditioned medium was injected into the hearts of rabbits. Then in the first, fourth and eighth weeks, the heart parameters (HF, EF) were measured by echocardiography and then TNF-α factor was measured in the serum. Heart tissue was removed and the level of angiogenesis and fibrosis were investigated. Results: In the treated group with conditioned medium, the heart parameters (HF, EF) and angiogenesis increased significantly and decrease the level of TNF-α factor and fibrosis was significant in comparison with the Myocardial Infarction group (P<0.05). Discussion: Since the cardiac tissue and its function improved in this research, it seems that the secretion of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells have therapeutic effects on myocardial infarction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - A New Method for Diagnosing Patients Suspected of Bone Marrow Metastasis in the Presence of Outliers
Mahmood Shahrabi Amirhossein Amiri Hamidreza Saligheh Rad Sedigheh Ghofrani -
Open Access Article
20 - Relationship between quality of life and social support among women who suffer from bon fracture
Nasrin Ghassab MozaffariConsidering high rate of Osteoporosis and bone fracture among women, and in light of the arguments presented an direct relationship between one person’s health and life quality, and given that having social support increase life quality; the study was conducted to MoreConsidering high rate of Osteoporosis and bone fracture among women, and in light of the arguments presented an direct relationship between one person’s health and life quality, and given that having social support increase life quality; the study was conducted to determine the relationship between life quality and social support among women with bone fractures. This is a Descriptive – Analytical study which performed in cross- sectional manner. There were 138 samples which assessed by some demographic characteristics, Filip’s social support questionnaire and SF36 quality of life questionnaire. Overall finding indicate that average age of sample was 69.9, the majority of them were married and had 2 children and were household and illiterate and suffer from Hip fracture. Average score of quality of life was 63.28 and there was significant relation between quality of life and social support (p=0.000, p Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Application of ozone for reducing the microbial count of mechanically deboned chicken meat
M. H. Eskandari S. hasheminasab M. niakosari S. ShekarforoushOzone is a strong oxidant and potent disinfecting agent and it has gained a lot of applications to preserve food commodities. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ozonated water on the shelf-life of mechanically deboned chicken (MDC) during storage at MoreOzone is a strong oxidant and potent disinfecting agent and it has gained a lot of applications to preserve food commodities. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ozonated water on the shelf-life of mechanically deboned chicken (MDC) during storage at 4 °C. Five different MDC samples were treated with ozone (0, 0.032, 0.065, 0.098, 0.13 ppm/g) and individually wrapped and stored at 4 ± 2 °C. The samples were analyzed for chemical (peroxide value) and microbiological (aerobic mesophilic counts, psychrotrophic counts, Staphylococcus aureus counts, coliform counts and mold and yeast counts) at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 days of refrigerated storage. The result showed that in comparison with the control sample, ozone treatment caused a significant (P Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - The Study of Effect of Surimi Production Steps on Chemical Composition and Electrophoresis Pattern of Myofibrillar Proteins of Mechanically Deboned poultry meat (MDPM)
Sh Haji BagherNaeeni S.E Hoseini هما Behmadi علیرضا Pazhand Mechanically deboning poultry meat (MDPM) is widely used due to its suitable technological properties as well as low lipids and saturated fatty acids contents. Besides, production processes applied during the surimi production can improve the technological More Mechanically deboning poultry meat (MDPM) is widely used due to its suitable technological properties as well as low lipids and saturated fatty acids contents. Besides, production processes applied during the surimi production can improve the technological properties of MDPM. That is to say, the production steps of surimi can change chemical composition and concentration of myofibrillar proteins and improve functional properties of MDPM. In this study, MDPM was prepared from the poultry meat. The production process consisted of 2 washing steps with sodium bicarbonate solution followed by another washing step with 4°C water. Afterwards, chemical properties of MDPM and surimi (moisture content, protein, lipid, and ash content) as well as electrophoresis pattern were evaluated. Result showed that surimi production steps could significantly decrease protein, lipid and ash contents; however, moisture content of MDPM increased significantly. The result of electrophoresis indicated a significant increase in heavy chain myosin with 200 KDa and actin with 45 KDa molecular weights. It was concluded that the production steps improved the chemical properties and increased the concentration of MDPM myofibrillar proteins. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Isolation, culture expansion and characterization of canine bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells
داود Kazemi کریم Shams Asenjan نیما Dehdilani حامد Parsa A.A Movassagh Pour Akbari پروین AkbarzadehThe purpose of the present study was to isolate, culture expand and characterize canine bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells. Bone marrow aspirates of 15 adult male dogs were collected to this end and their mononuclear cells isolated by centrifugation and cultured MoreThe purpose of the present study was to isolate, culture expand and characterize canine bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells. Bone marrow aspirates of 15 adult male dogs were collected to this end and their mononuclear cells isolated by centrifugation and cultured in standard media. The adherent cells were isolated and their mesenchymal origin was confirmed at 3rd passage by cellular morphology, expression of surface antigens and differentiation to osteogenic and adipogenic lineage. After 4 days, spindle shaped fibroblast like cells which were apparently bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells appeared in culture medium and their numbers increased over time. The cells reached 3rd passage with over 75% confluent after a mean of 22.89±5.75 days. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that the cells negatively expressed CD34 and CD45 antigens while positively expressing CD44 and CD105 antigens. Differentiation into osteogenic and adipogenic lineage had taken place after one month culture in induction medium. VDR, COL1A1, BGLAP and SPARC gene expression indicated that mesenchymal stem cells isolated from canine bone marrow had differentiated into osteogenic lineage. These findings can form the basis of any forthcoming clinical studies involving the use of canine mesenchymal stem cells particularly in the field of bone and cartilage regeneration. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - The effect of oxytetracycline on the amount of calcium and phosphorus of blood and density of bone tissue in broiler chickens
aziz Norouzi afshin zakeri seyyed esmaeil safaviThis study was designed to investigate the effects of oxytetracycline on the amount of calcium and phosphorus of blood and bone tissue density in broiler chickens. For this purpose, 72 day-old Ross chicks of, 308 strain in a completely randomized design in two groups: t MoreThis study was designed to investigate the effects of oxytetracycline on the amount of calcium and phosphorus of blood and bone tissue density in broiler chickens. For this purpose, 72 day-old Ross chicks of, 308 strain in a completely randomized design in two groups: the control group (without dietary antibiotic) and the treatment group (with a diet containing oxytetracycline 50%, 3 gr per kg of diet) with 6 replicates in the same environmental conditions and management were studied for 42 days. In this experiment, the diameter of femoral shaft and ratio of various tissues of the femur and skull were studied. Blood parameters included calcium and phosphorus. In the group treated with oxytetracycline, femur shaft diameter was significantly decreased with the addition of drug to diet (p<0.01). Also the trabeculaes in the femur shaft and skull significantly decreased (p<0.01). In the group treated with oxytetracycline, the bone marrow of femur and skull significantly increased (p<0.01). The effect of oxytetracycline on cartilage of skull was no significant. The addition of oxytetracycline, to diet had no significant effect on calcium and phosphorus of blood. The results showed that oxytetracycline reduced absorption of calcium and phosphorus from the intestine and reduced bone density. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Comparison of xenogenic bone bioimplant and calcium phosphate granules on experimental femoral bone defect healing in rabbits
GH Mousavi داریوش Mohajeri فرهاد Sadeghpour GolzarRebuilding and renovation of lost bone whether because of physiologic or pathologic factors was one of the surgeons’ motivations from the past. Osteogenesis of decalcified bone induced by growth factors contained in it. This study is to assay probability effect of MoreRebuilding and renovation of lost bone whether because of physiologic or pathologic factors was one of the surgeons’ motivations from the past. Osteogenesis of decalcified bone induced by growth factors contained in it. This study is to assay probability effect of decalcified bone and calcium phosphate granules on osteogenesis which is made in experimental flaw and it is as a laboratory pattern in rabbit femur.This experimental study is made on 15 male rabbits. Animals were divided randomly into 3 groups (control and treatments).After induction of general anesthesia, 2 holes in size of 2 mm in diameter was made using a dental bit in femur width to medullary channel. After surgery, the control group left untreated and decalcified bones was placed in group 2 and calcium phosphate granules were placed in group 3. Histopathological and histomorphometrical studies for evaluation of bone healing were carried out in experimental rats, which were euthanized after 45 days of the experiment using hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining method.In control group, defect seemed to be filled with woven bone and bone marrow spaces and in spite of a poor osteogenic activity. In calcium phosphate group, young bone trabeculas increased in number and bone trabeculas more organized. Histomorphometric results, observed that calcium phosphate granules has significant effect on bone healing than decalcified and control groups. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Elastic characterization of porous bone by ultrasonic method through Lamb waves
lahcen Mountassir Touriya Bassidi Hassan Nounah -
Open Access Article
27 - Poly (lactic-co-glycolic)/nanostructured merwinite porous composites for bone tissue engineering: II. structural and in vitro characterization
Ali Nadernezhad Bahman Torabinejad Masoud Hafezi Mohamadreza Baghban-Eslaminejad Fatemeh Bagheri Farhood Najafi -
Open Access Article
28 - Hydroxyapatite Nano-Particles Extracted from Miscellaneous Bestial Resources: Study of Crystal Structure and Microstructure
Seyed Mehdi Rafiaei Mohammad Khodaei Fateme Eslami -
Open Access Article
29 - Fabrication of polycaprolactone and polylactic acid shapeless scaffolds via fused deposition modelling technology
Amirsalar Khandan Saeid Esmaeili -
Open Access Article
30 - Design and Fabrication of Bone Scaffold Using Ceramic Composite Filament by 3D Printer
Hamideh Soleymani asl Fatemeh Kalantarzadeh Mina Alafzadeh Mojdeh Azizi Mahyar Soheily -
Open Access Article
31 - Mechanical properties improvement and bone regeneration of calcium phosphate bone cement, Polymethyl methacrylate and glass ionomer
Rezvan Fada Niusha Farhadi Babadi Reyhane Azimi Majid Karimian Mohamad Shahgholi -
Open Access Article
32 - A polycaprolactone bio-nanocomposite bone substitute fabricated for femoral fracture approaches: Molecular dynamic and micro-mechanical Investigation
Ashkan Farazin Hossein Akbari Aghdam Mehdi Motififard Farshid Aghdavoudi Alireza Kordjamshidi Saeed Saber-Samandari Saeid Esmaeili Amirsalar KhandanThe application of porous bio-nanocomposites polymer has greatly increased in the treatment of bone abnormalities and bone fracture. Therefore, predicting the mechanical properties of these bio-nanocomposites is very important prior to their fabrication. Investigation o MoreThe application of porous bio-nanocomposites polymer has greatly increased in the treatment of bone abnormalities and bone fracture. Therefore, predicting the mechanical properties of these bio-nanocomposites is very important prior to their fabrication. Investigation of mechanical properties like (elastic modulus and hardness) is very costly and time-consuming in experimental tests. Therefore, researchers have focused on mathematical methods and new theories to predict the artificial synthetic bone for orthopedic application. In this paper, porous bio-nanocomposites synthetic bone including nanocrystalline Hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles and Titanium oxide (TiO2) containing (0 wt%, 5 wt%, 10 wt%, and 15 wt% of TiO2) as reinforcements and the biocompatible polycaprolactone (PCL) polymer as the matrix has been used for the fabrication of PCL-HA-TiO2. Then, the mechanical test was conducted on the samples and the extracted value from the experimental test was compared with the analytical model using molecular dynamics (MD) method. Finally, these properties were compared with the Dewey micromechanics theory, and the error rate between the experimental method and the Dewey theory was reported. It was found that as the porosity percentage increased in the sample three-phase in composites, the model has a higher error in this theory. Then, due to the importance of hydroxyapatite in the fabrication of bone scaffolds, the obtained results of mechanical properties (Elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio) have been analyzed statistically. The application of these equations in the rapid prediction of Elastic Modulus and Poisson's ratio of the synthetic bone scaffolds made of hydroxyapatite is highly recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Mechanical properties improvement and bone regeneration of calcium phosphate bone cement, Polymethyl methacrylate and glass ionomer
Rezvan Fada Niusha Farhadi Babadi Reyhaneh Azimi Majid Karimian mohamad shahgholi -
Open Access Article
34 - A polycaprolactone bio-nanocomposite bone substitute fabricated for femoral fracture approaches: Molecular dynamic and micromechanical Investigation
Ashkan Farazin Hossein Akbari Aghdam Mehdi Motififard Farshid Aghadavoudi Alireza Kordjamshidi Saeed Saber-Samandari Saeid Esmaeili Amirsalar Khandan -
Open Access Article
35 - Numerical Simulation of Homogeneous, Two and Three Lattice Layers Scaffolds with Constant Density
Hamid Khanaki Sadegh Rahmati Mohammad Nikkhoo Mohammad Haghpanahi Javad Akbari -
Open Access Article
36 - The Recommend of Filler Metal to Increasing the Corrosion Resistance of Gas Pipeline
Esmaeil Jafari Mohammad Sadegh Karimi -
Open Access Article
37 - Mechanical Stability of RCSed and ECAPed Intramedullary 316L Stainless Steel Nails in the Treatment of Diaphyseal Bone Fractures
Abdolreza Rastitalab Salar Khajehpour Ahmad Afsari Shahin Heidari Javad Dehghani -
Open Access Article
38 - An Investigation of Using RCS-processed Intramedullary Stainless Steel 316L Nail in the Treatment of Diaphyseal Bone Fractures
Abdolreza Rastitalab Salar Khajehpour Ahmad Afsari Shahin Heidari Javad Dehghani -
Open Access Article
39 - Evaluation of Stability and Reliability of Motorized Unilateral External Fixator, Designed and Simulated using Finite Element Method to Treat Bone Fractures and Bone Loss
Alireza Bahramkia Mehran Fakhraie Salar Khajehpour Seyed Mohammad Tahami Raheb Gholami -
Open Access Article
40 - Green synthesis of morpholine-2-thione by multicomponent reaction of aziridines
Narges Ghasemi Samaneh sadat Sharifi -
Open Access Article
41 - Ecofriendly synthesis of biscoumarin derivatives catalyzed by EDTA-modified magnetic animal bone meal nanoparticles in water
Ahmad Reza Momeni Sadegh Bakhtiar -
Open Access Article
42 - Mild Synthesis, Characterization, and Application of some Polythioester Polymers Catalyzed by Cetrimide Ionic Liquid as a Green and Eco-Friendly Phase-Transfer Catalyst
Azhar Ali Mohanad Saleh Khalid Owaid -
Open Access Article
43 - The Efficacy of Plant based Diets on Growth Potential, Energy Utilization, Nutrient Digestibility, Leg Bone Development and Litter Quality of Meat Chickens
م.آ. حسین ای.آ. آواد -
Open Access Article
44 - Effect of Replacing Bone Ash with Eggshell Meal on Nutrient Digestibility and Blood Parameters of Broiler Chickens
S.E. Alu -
Open Access Article
45 - Determining Relative Bioavailability of Different Manganese Sources in Broiler Diets
h. یعقوبفر H.R. Ghalamkari N. Sanei M. Ebrahimnejad -
Open Access Article
46 - تأثیر افزودن والین به جیره غذایی بر عملکرد، تیتر آنتیبادی سرم و استخوان سازی جوجههای گوشتی
ف. فرودی پ. رضامنداین تحقیق به منظور بررسی تأثیر افزودن والین به جیره دوره آغازین جوجههای گوشتی (15-0 روزگی) بر عملکرد، پاسخ آنتیبادی به واکسن نیوکاسل و استخوان سازی انجام شد. آزمایش با استفاده از 300 قطعه جوجه گوشتی نر سویه راس 308 انجام شد. جوجهها به طور تصادفی به 3 تیمار و 5 تکرار Moreاین تحقیق به منظور بررسی تأثیر افزودن والین به جیره دوره آغازین جوجههای گوشتی (15-0 روزگی) بر عملکرد، پاسخ آنتیبادی به واکسن نیوکاسل و استخوان سازی انجام شد. آزمایش با استفاده از 300 قطعه جوجه گوشتی نر سویه راس 308 انجام شد. جوجهها به طور تصادفی به 3 تیمار و 5 تکرار با 20 پرنده در هر تکرار دسته بندی شدند. جوجه با سه نوع جیره غذایی با غلظتهای مختلف از نظر والین تغذیه شدند که جیره غذایی اول با میزان کافی والین از نظر نیاز جوجههای گوشتی (0 درصد ال-والین) و جیرههای دوم و سوم با سطوح بیش از حد نیاز والین (08/0 درصد و 16/0 درصد ال-والین) بود. نتایج نشان داد که والین افزوده شده به جیرههای غذایی تغییری در مصرف خوراک، افزایش وزن بدن و ضریب تبدیل غذایی نداشت. در صورتیکه افزودن والین به جیرههای غذایی به طور معنیداری موجب افزایش تیتر HI گردید (05/0>P). افزودن والین به جیرههای غذایی تأثیر معنیداری بر غلظت کلسیم استخوان داشت (05/0>P)، اما اثری بر غلظت فسفر استخوان دیده نشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - اثر کلسیم، فسفر و روی در جیره پایه گندم بر عملکرد، ایمنی و پارامترهای استخوانی جوجههای گوشتی
م. عسگری ع. خطیبجو ک. طاهرپور ف. فتاح نیا ح. سوریاین آزمایش به منظور بررسی تأثیر مکمل روی (Zn) و سطوح مختلف کلسیم (Ca) و فسفر (P) بر ایمنی، عملکرد و پارامترهای استخوانی جوجههای گوشتی انجام گردید. برای این منظور از 300 قطعه جوجه گوشتی سویه راس 308 تجاری به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با 3 سطح مکمل ر Moreاین آزمایش به منظور بررسی تأثیر مکمل روی (Zn) و سطوح مختلف کلسیم (Ca) و فسفر (P) بر ایمنی، عملکرد و پارامترهای استخوانی جوجههای گوشتی انجام گردید. برای این منظور از 300 قطعه جوجه گوشتی سویه راس 308 تجاری به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با 3 سطح مکمل روی و دو سطح کلسیم به فسفر، به صورت 6 تیمار، 5 تکرار و 10 جوجه در هر تکرار استفاده گردید. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل 1) جیره پایه (شاهد)، 2) جیره پایه + 50 میلیگرم درکیلوگرم مکمل روی، 3) جیره پایه + 70 میلیگرم درکیلوگرم مکمل روی، 4) جیره دارای کلسیم-فسفر پایین (6/0 به 3/0 درصد)، 5) جیره دارای کلسیم-فسفر پایین + 50 میلیگرم درکیلوگرم مکمل روی و 6) جیره دارای کلسیم-فسفر پایین + 70 میلیگرم درکیلوگرم مکمل روی. میزان کلسیم-فسفر جیره شاهد در دوره رشد و پایانی به ترتیب 9/0 به 45/0 و 85/0 به 42/0 درصد جیره بود. تغییر کلسیم و فسفر جیره تأثیری بر وزن بدن، خوراک مصرفی، ضریب تبدیل خوراک یا کلسیم و فسفر سرم نداشت (05/0P>) درحالیکه مکمل روی خوراک مصرفی جوجهها را افزایش داد (05/0P<). افزودن 50 میلیگرم روی به هر کیلوگرم جیره باعث افزایش فسفر سرم گردید (05/0P>) درحالیکه بر تیتر آنتیبادی علیه گلبول قرمز خون گوسفند تأثیر معنی داری نداشت (05/0P<). بالاترین درصد لنفوسیت و کمترین درصد هتروفیل و نسبت هتروفیل به لنفوسیت در جوجههای تغذیه شده با جیره حاوی کلسیم و فسفر استاندارد همراه با 70 میلیگرم بر کیلوگرم مکمل روی مشاهده گردید (05/0P>). جیرههای آزمایشی بر طول استخوان، ضخامت و نیروی شکست استخوان تأثیر معنی داری نداشتند (05/0P<). در مقایسه با جیره شاهد، تغذیه جیره کم کلسیم-فسفر باعث کاهش میزان خاکستر استخوانهای نازک نی و درشت نی گردید (05/0P>). به طور کلی جیرههای کم کلسیم-فسفر تأثیر مخربی بر عملکرد، فراسنجههای خونی و استخوانی جوجههای گوشتی نداشتند و مکمل کردن جیرهها با روی نتوانست فراسنجههای مذکور را در جوجههای تغذیه شده با جیرههای کم کلسیم بهبود دهد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Bone Status and Performance of Broiler Chickens in Response to Fennel Extract and Chelated Manganese-Glycine
Z. Shokri A.A. Saki P. Zamani H. Jahanian Najafabadi A. Ahmadi M. Houshyar -
Open Access Article
49 - The role of Demineralized Bone Matrix (DBM) in bone defect healing in animal and human models
somayeh monazzahusually Bone defect occurs because of cysts, tumors, osteotomies, etc... During the past 50 years, various materials have been used as bone substitutes and bone graft. There is no ideal bone substitute or bone graft for use in all conditions. Bone grafting include: auto Moreusually Bone defect occurs because of cysts, tumors, osteotomies, etc... During the past 50 years, various materials have been used as bone substitutes and bone graft. There is no ideal bone substitute or bone graft for use in all conditions. Bone grafting include: autograft, allograft, xenograft , and santetic material. Synthetic DBM is commonly used as an allograft, characterized by osteoinduction and osteoconduction but without osteogenicity due to processing.DBM is achieved when the minerals of bone be removed by using acid ( usually HCL or nitric acid ) Using DBM is affordable and available in abundance. There are numerous DBM formulations based on their manufacturing techniques. They are used as frozen powders, granules, gels, cements or tapes. DBM is used for bone defects healing because of cysts, tumors, etc… and especially in long bones defects. In most studies, the use of DBM in bone defect repair has been effective and useful. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - A Case Report: Using Cerculage Wires and Bone Plate for Reconstruction of Tibiotarsal Bone Fracture in a Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos)
masood khakzadihe Hadi Binandeh Rasoul Rahimi Juneqani Moosa JavdaniGolden eagle is one of the great raptor birds, living in mountainous and high regions of Iran. Various causes with origin of human or natural results various problems for this species. In this single-case report, a golden eagle from Chaharmahal-va- Bakhtiari province en MoreGolden eagle is one of the great raptor birds, living in mountainous and high regions of Iran. Various causes with origin of human or natural results various problems for this species. In this single-case report, a golden eagle from Chaharmahal-va- Bakhtiari province environmental organization was referred to veterinary clinic of Shahrekord University. Clinical symptoms included: Lethargy, inability to fly, surface and deep wounds, and severe lameness in the right leg. Radiographic image revealed fracture in the bones of radius and ulna on the wings and tibiotaresus in the leg. In this operation, the method of pinning surgery was used for wings and the method of bone plating with Cerculage wire was used for leg reconstruction. After twelve weeks of care and rehabilitation activities, the bird was released in its own environment. The environmental assessment showed complete improvement and the ability to fly and hunt by this eagle in its habitat. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Locator Materials of Bone
A. Oryan S. Monazah-HarsiniThis article reviews research on the use of implants in bone defects. The bone defect happens as a result of different factors such as accidents, tumors, etc. The filling of the defect is most important concern for surgeons. Various materials which are used for replacem MoreThis article reviews research on the use of implants in bone defects. The bone defect happens as a result of different factors such as accidents, tumors, etc. The filling of the defect is most important concern for surgeons. Various materials which are used for replacement can be categorized in four groups: autograft, allograft, xenograft and synthetic material like cells/ scaffold. In this regard, most of these materials have the property of inducing bone material (osteogenesis) which is called osteoinductive. Osteoconductive materials are also used as bone scaffold to guide future growth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Evaluation of adhession and viability of endometrial stem cells-derived osteoblast-like cells cultured on PLGA/HA scaffold
mojdeh salehi jafar ai nasrin lotfibakhshaiesh shiva irani سمیه ابراهیمی باروقIntroduction: The engineered tissue structure includes three components: cells, signaling pathway and scaffold. The polylactide-co-glycolide/hydroxyapatite (PLGA/HA) has attracted much attention due to their optimal properties because of using PLGA polymer and hydroxyap MoreIntroduction: The engineered tissue structure includes three components: cells, signaling pathway and scaffold. The polylactide-co-glycolide/hydroxyapatite (PLGA/HA) has attracted much attention due to their optimal properties because of using PLGA polymer and hydroxyapatite. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility effect of PLGA/HA scafffold on osteoblast differentiated from hEnSCs. We aimed to evallute the adhesin of cells on scaffolds. hEnSCs were isolated from human endometrium tissue and induced the osteogenic differentiation, then the differentiated cells were cultured on PLGA/HA synthetic scaffolds. A nanocomposite scaffolds based on PLGA/HA were fabricated by electrospinning methode and behavior of differentiated osteoblast cells was evaluated after seeding cells on this scaffold. Osteogenesis was investigated in terms of attachment, alkaline phosphatase activity and gene expression. Morphogenic of cells in scaffold was evaluated by SEM and biocampatibility of this scaffold was confirmed by MTT assay. The alkaline phosphatase activity confirmed osteoblast differentiation. SEM studies showed that the surface properties of scaffold were desirable and the cells had the ability to attach and proliferate better on the nanocomposite scaffolds. It has been shown that the nanocomposite scaffolds have appropriate properties to support the attachment of differentiated osteoblast cells. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Behavioral and electrophysiological study on bone marrow stromal cell transplantation with olive extract in repair of severed sciatic nerve in rats
MOSTAFA MOAZAMI GODARZI Nasim Hayati Roodbari Gholamreza Kaka Kazem ParivarBackground and purpose: Behavioral and electrophysiological study on the use of bone marrow stromal cell transplantation along with olive extract in the repair of severed sciatic nerve in rats.Materials and Methods: After sciatic nerve amputation, adult male rats were r MoreBackground and purpose: Behavioral and electrophysiological study on the use of bone marrow stromal cell transplantation along with olive extract in the repair of severed sciatic nerve in rats.Materials and Methods: After sciatic nerve amputation, adult male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of 7.Healthy rats, rats with sciatica without treatment intervention, rats with bone marrow stromal cells treated with olive extract at the site of amputation, rats with bone marrow stromal cells injected at the site of injury.The rate of recovery was assessed by sensory motor activity of the sciatic nerve, electrophysiological studies.Results: Sciatic nerve motor evaluation, no control group returned to normal in the eighth week, cell therapy group was restored with olive extract in the eighth week. The level of AMP in the eighth week after the restoration of the cell therapy group with a gentle slope indicates the recovery process of the cell therapy group.Counting the number of nerve fibers at an area of 1000 μm, the number of nerve fibers in the cell therapy groups increased in the eighth week after repair, compared with the control group and the PLGA membrane group. By the end of the eighth week, the sciatic nerve index (Hot Plate test), the healing process of the cell therapy group with olive extract was more evident to other groups.Conclusion: bone marrow stromal cell transplantation repairs sciatic nerve and olive extract along with bone marrow stromal cell accelerates sciatic nerve repair. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Assessing the amount of biomass and alkaloids content in tissue culture of H. arachnoideus Pojark. under the effect of variations in NAA and carbon resources
Mahdis Ebrahimzade Mehri MehrabiTherapeutic effects of Hyoscyamus genus are attributed to its obtained different tropan alkaloids. Regarding these rare medicinal herbal species, tissue culture is of almost importance, as, it is possible to obtain optimal volumes of suitable secondary metabolite- produ MoreTherapeutic effects of Hyoscyamus genus are attributed to its obtained different tropan alkaloids. Regarding these rare medicinal herbal species, tissue culture is of almost importance, as, it is possible to obtain optimal volumes of suitable secondary metabolite- producing-tissues with alteration in their culture media. Present study, H.arachnoideus Pojark, was investigated. Three types of explants (leaf, root, and hypocotyls) derived from seedlings, were cultured on Murashige and Skoog’s medium supplemented with 3% sucrose, 0.75% (w/v) agar. We investigated the effect of two types of carbon sources (sucrose and monitol) on Murashige and Skoog’s medium supplemented with 3% sucrose and 0.75% (w/v) agar in two explants types ( leaf and root) of H.arachnoideus with four concentration levels of auxin naphthalene acetic acid(0, 0.5, 1, 2 mg/l), in compare with Murashige and Skoog’s medium supplemented with 3% sucrose, 0.75% (w/v) agar as control, In order to determine callus biomass and total alkaloid content. Our findings revealed the bilateral role of sucrose both as nutrient source and osmotic regulator factor, and also showed the positive effect of sucrose on callus biomass and total alkaloid content. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Evaluation on cross-linked nano microbial cellulose properties as bone scaffold
نیلوفر ادیب عشق ابوسعید رشیدی امین مفتاحی -
Open Access Article
56 - Review and critique of contemporary translationsof the sixth and seventh verses of Surah al-Tariq
Hamid GhorbanpourThe need for accurate, easy, and non-conflictual translation with the definitive findings of the sciences is essential for the propagation of the message of the Quran to Muslim and non-Muslim audiences. One of the ways to achieve this is the pathology of Qur MoreThe need for accurate, easy, and non-conflictual translation with the definitive findings of the sciences is essential for the propagation of the message of the Quran to Muslim and non-Muslim audiences. One of the ways to achieve this is the pathology of Quran translations .among the verses which have been the subject of interpretations, are the verses of six and seven surah's of Tariq,Which irrational and inaccurate translations of it has been created the idea that there is a mistake in the Holy Qur'an, by the new-Muslim and opposition. Therefore, the pathology of these verses, based on the two words " backbone ", "ribs ", was the object of this research .this study revealed that neglect of the rules and criteria of the translation, failure to use correct equivalents in the target language, neglecting the interpretative rules, non-normative mention of correct interpretative additions, bringing false commentary additions, failure to comply with target language structures, not translating all the elements of the verses,not paying attention to the definitive findings of science and the neglect of all lexical abilities of arabic language is one of the most important damage to contemporary translationson these two verses, that considering them in refining future translations and clearing the verses from the mistake and provide correct translationsfor audiencesis essential. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Comparison of the effect of phenanthrene and pyrene on germination, seedling growth and antioxidant enzymes activity on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Ayyoub Sobhani Seyed Yahya Salehi Lisar Ali MovafeghiThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of phenanthrene and pyrene as two polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon on germination, growth and some biochemical indices in bread wheat seedlings. Wheat seedlings were cultivated hydroponically and treated by 50, 100, 150 a MoreThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of phenanthrene and pyrene as two polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon on germination, growth and some biochemical indices in bread wheat seedlings. Wheat seedlings were cultivated hydroponically and treated by 50, 100, 150 and 200 µM of phenanthrene and pyrene for 7 days. Activity of the superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), as well as H2O2, MDA and photosynthetic pigments content, were measured. The results showed that both pollutants reduced germination percentage, so that the lowest germination percentage was phenanthrene (54.44%) at 200 μm. Phenanthrene more than pyrene reduced the content of photosynthetic pigmentation, the lowest percentage of chlorophyll a (51.54%), chlorophyll b (48.25%) and carotenoids (63.42%) were related to phenanthrene treatment (200 μM). Both pollutants significantly increased the content of hydrogen peroxide (7 times) and malondialdehyde (1.5 times). Increasing the concentration of both pollutants resulted in a significant decrease (up to 70%) in the activity of the three APX, POD and SOD enzymes, but only phenanthrene significantly reduced (49.12%) activity of the catalase. These results indicated that induction of oxidative stress is one of the main reasons for lower plant growth rate and other harmful outcomes in PAHs contaminated environments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - The Effect of Bisphosphonates’ Oncologic dose on the Static and Dynamic Bone Parameters of the Temporomandibular Joint’s Condyle (A Randomized Animal Controlled Trial)
Israa Radwan Samah Mehanny Marwa Magdy Abbass -
Open Access Article
59 - Comparative Study of the Effects of Strontium and Magnesium Ions on Physical and Chemical Properties of Calcium Phosphate-Gelatin Biomimetic Scaffolds in Bone Tissue Engineering
Amirhossein Moghanian Majid Raz Fathollah MoztarzadehIn this study, biomimetic scaffolds were designed to study the formation of calcium phosphate deposits by using a double diffusion method into gelatin hydrogel in temperature and pH similar to body conditions. Moreover, the effect of magnesium (Mg) and strontium (Sr) io MoreIn this study, biomimetic scaffolds were designed to study the formation of calcium phosphate deposits by using a double diffusion method into gelatin hydrogel in temperature and pH similar to body conditions. Moreover, the effect of magnesium (Mg) and strontium (Sr) ions on properties was investigated. Five different types of specimens with different Sr and Mg ions percentage were synthesized and then porous scaffolds were prepared by freeze-drying method. The scaffolds microstructures were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which showed a smooth and needle-shaped surface of specimens. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results indicated the presence of phosphate and hydroxyl bonds in the structure of the scaffolds, due to the formation of calcium phosphate phases such as HA. The presence of metal ions in the structure caused the displacement of the peaks in X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and lattice parameters. Additionally, osteoblast cell culture results also demonstrated M10 and S10 specimens had proper biocompatibility. Additionally, alkaline phosphate (ALP) activity revealed the optimal amount of 10 mol. % Mg and Sr (M10 and S10), which led to the significantly (**p< 0.01, ***p <0.001) growth, proliferation, and differentiation of 292G osteoblasts cells in scaffolds. Moreover, the presence of calcium phosphate improved the biological properties of the specimens. Finally, the results of various analyses confirmed the high capability of the synthesized scaffold as a promising substitute for bone tissue. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Fabrication and Characterization of Chitosan/ Polycaprolactone Core-Shell Nanofiber Scaffold Containing Platelet-Rich Fibrin by Coaxial Electrospinning Method for Biomedical Applications
AmirAbbas Rastegar Mahboobeh Mahmoodi Mohammad Mirjalili Navid NasirzadehPlatelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is a natural fibrin matrix containing platelets and growth factors in the blood that increases the bone tissue repair. In this study, polycaprolactone/chitosan (scaffold A) and polycaprolactone/chitosan core-shell scaffold containing PRF (scaf MorePlatelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is a natural fibrin matrix containing platelets and growth factors in the blood that increases the bone tissue repair. In this study, polycaprolactone/chitosan (scaffold A) and polycaprolactone/chitosan core-shell scaffold containing PRF (scaffold B) were fabricated by uniaxial electrospinning and coaxial electrospinning methods, respectively and were characterized. Surface morphology, fiber diameter, porosity, mechanical properties, and functional groups on the scaffolds surface were evaluated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transition electron microscopy (TEM), displacement liquid method, tensile strength test, and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, respectively. The average fibers diameter of the scaffold B decreased to 160 nm as compared to 179 nm for the scaffold A. Also, the presence of chitosan containing PRF in the core with the formation of hydrogen bonding with polycaprolactone in the shell of the scaffold B caused a scaffold with excellent mechanical properties and elastic modulus 40 MPa. Cell viability and adherence of bone cells on the surface scaffolds were evaluated via MTT assay. Due to the present of PRF in the scaffold B, the bone cells growth and cells adhesion on the surface of scaffold B increased compared to the scaffold A. Therefore, according to the results of this study, the core-shell scaffold containing PRF can be a good suggestion for use in biomedical applications. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Characterization of Thermal and Structural Properties of Poly Lactic Acid Parts Fabricated By Fused Depositing Modeling
Mohsen Khalilian Said Golabi Mohammad KhodaeiPoly Lactic Acid implants are a good candidate for bone tissue engineering due to their favorable biodegradability and mechanical properties. In this study, after studying the structural and thermal properties of polymer by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) MorePoly Lactic Acid implants are a good candidate for bone tissue engineering due to their favorable biodegradability and mechanical properties. In this study, after studying the structural and thermal properties of polymer by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential calorimetery analysis (DSC), thermal gravimetery analysis (TG) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) tests, to determine the appropriate temperature range of 3D printing, rigid polylactic acid (PLA) implants were prepared by Fused Deposition Modeling FDM at three different temperatures of 200, 210 and 220 °C as standard tensile test specimens. The results of the tensile test showed that in this range, as the print temperature increased, the samples had higher strength and higher fracture stress. Also to further investigate the effect of the FDM temperature, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were taken from the surface of the printed samples. Microscopic images show that as the print temperature increases, the melt spray and diffusion are more severe and the sample surface is rough. The results show that 210 °C is the optimum temperature for PLA printing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Culture and proliferation of dendritic cells from mouse bone marrow progenitors
سمانه عرب معصومه معتمدی جمشید حاجتیDendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells that induce and control the immune responses. These cells have the capacity of stimulation different types immune response (type 1 or 2) in exposure to peripheral signals. The aim of this study was DCs c MoreDendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells that induce and control the immune responses. These cells have the capacity of stimulation different types immune response (type 1 or 2) in exposure to peripheral signals. The aim of this study was DCs culture, proliferation and maturation from mouse bone marrow progenitors. Bone-marrow derived DCs (BMDCs) were cultured in the presence of GM-CSF and IL-4. After 5 days, LPS and cholera toxin were added to the culture for another 2 days. Expression of surface molecules and cytokine production in BMDC culture evaluated. The result shown that LPS stimulated DCs were matured. Exposure with CT induce IL-10 and with LPS induce IL-12 production by DCs. These fundings indicate that 7 days culture of mouce bone marrow progenitors can produce professional dendritic cells and with added different components in DCs culture induce appropriate type 1 or 2 of immune responses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Evaluation of Biocompatibility of PLA Scaffold Coated with Laponite on Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Zahra Orafa Shiva Irani Ali Zamanian Hadi Bakhshi Habib Nikukar Behafarid GhalandariBone tissue engineering is a promising approach to develop new appropriate treatments for bone tissue damage. One of the important goals in this field is to fabricate the scaffolds by mimicking the extracellular matrix. The aim of this study was to study the fabrication MoreBone tissue engineering is a promising approach to develop new appropriate treatments for bone tissue damage. One of the important goals in this field is to fabricate the scaffolds by mimicking the extracellular matrix. The aim of this study was to study the fabrication of polylactic acid/Laponite (PLA/LAP) scaffold and to investigate the behavior of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) on it. First, PLA scaffold was fabricated by electrospinning technique, and then LAP (0.8 wt%) was coated on it. The morphology of the scaffold was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. The chemical structure of the scaffold was evaluated by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and its hydrophilicity was tested by measuring the water contact angle. Finally, the biocompatibility of the scaffold and cell viability tested with MTT assay was performed on hBMSCs. The results of scaffold morphology showed a successful coat of LAP 0.8% on the surface of PLA scaffold. Furthermore, the hydrophilicity of PLA scaffold improved after coating with LAP 0.8%. The Biocompatibility of scaffold up to 24 hours and hMSCs viability up to 72 hours after cell culture were confirmed (p≤0.001). Based on the results of this study, it seems that PLA/LAP of 0.8% scaffold can be a promising candidate for bone tissue engineering applications by maintaining biocompatibility and cell viability due to the presence of ions in LAP nanoparticles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - The Histopathological Evaluation of the Effect of Chia Seed Extract on Bone Fusion in Rabbit Animal Model
Milad Mohammadi Elham Moghtadaiee Moosa JavdaniBone fracture is one of the most common cases in animals and even in humans. Various methods have been used to treat and repair fractures. The prevalence of fractures and the time-consuming methods used today have led us to come up with a new way to treat animals faster MoreBone fracture is one of the most common cases in animals and even in humans. Various methods have been used to treat and repair fractures. The prevalence of fractures and the time-consuming methods used today have led us to come up with a new way to treat animals faster. For this purpose, 5 New Zealand male rabbits weighing 0.5-1.5 kg were selected and kept for six weeks. After anesthesia under sterile conditions, the skin was exposed to the radius bones and excised part of the bone. After receiving antibiotics, the rabbits were divided into 5 groups, each containing treatment and control, and received 30 mg / kg and 1 mg / kg of chia seed extract for thirty days and they were examined histopathologically during week 1 and 2, and 3. The pathology of this study showed that the dosage of 1mg / kg had better healing effects compared with the other groups from the fourth week and bone mineral density was more evident. According to the results of this study, chia seeds can be a substitute for chemical pharmaceutical supplementation to repair bone defects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Investigating the Behavior of MG63 Cells on Polycaprolactone and Polycaprolactone/Collagen 3D Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration
Zahra Ebrahimi Shiva Irani Abdolreza Ardeshirylajimi Ehsan Seyedjafari3D printing of scaffolds at low temperatures is very promising for making artificial bone graft alternatives with more performance than traditional techniques. One of the most promising strategies in bone tissue engineering has focused on the development of biomimetic s More3D printing of scaffolds at low temperatures is very promising for making artificial bone graft alternatives with more performance than traditional techniques. One of the most promising strategies in bone tissue engineering has focused on the development of biomimetic scaffolds. Ceramic-based scaffolds with osteogenic ability and mechanical properties are promising candidates for bone repair. The aim of this study was to adapt the flexibility and increasing the effect of inducing osteogenesis of Polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold prepared by fused deposition modeling (FDM) method, using the combination of Collagen (COL) as a natural polymer with synthetic polymer and to investigate the behavior of MG63 cells on it. on it. After preparing the scaffold, scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy were used. After 1,7,14 days, the ossification process of MG63 cells in different treatments was performed using alizarin red staining and alkaline phosphatase activity. The non-toxicity of scaffolds was also evaluated by MTT assay to ensure cell proliferation. From under a microscope, it was found that tissue engineering scaffolds distributed and connected almost rectangular pores evenly. The PCL/COL scaffold showed a significant difference in terms of viability compared to the polycaprolactone scaffold only in the differential medium (P ≤ 0.0001). The results of evaluating ALP activity in PCL/COL scaffolds were significantly higher than uncoated PCL scaffolds and control (P ≤ 0.0001). The results of this study showed that the use of PCL/COL scaffold can be considered a suitable medium for proliferation and differentiation of MG63 cells in bone tissue engineering. Therefore, the PCL/COL composite scaffold prepared by FDM printer can be widely used in bone tissue engineering due to the cell survival by COL. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - بررسی تأثیر طول و گام رزوه بر توزیع تنش در ایمپلنت دندان و استخوان اطراف به کمک روش المان محدود
مسیح فیروزبخت حامد عجبی نائینی مصطفی پیرمرادیان طول عمر ایمپلنت­های درگیر در استخوان تحت تأثیر عوامل بیومکانیکی هستند. کنترل این عوامل، از عوارض مکانیکی که شامل شکستگی پیچ، اجزاء و یا مواد سازنده چهارچوب روکش دندان می­شود جلوگیری می­کند. در این مطالعه، تأثیر تغییرات طول وگام رزوه­های ایمپلنت دن More طول عمر ایمپلنت­های درگیر در استخوان تحت تأثیر عوامل بیومکانیکی هستند. کنترل این عوامل، از عوارض مکانیکی که شامل شکستگی پیچ، اجزاء و یا مواد سازنده چهارچوب روکش دندان می­شود جلوگیری می­کند. در این مطالعه، تأثیر تغییرات طول وگام رزوه­های ایمپلنت دندان بر چگونگی توزیع تنش و بیشینه­ی تنش ون­­میزز، در مجموعه ایمپلنت-اباتمنت و استخوان فک­ به روش المان محدود مورد مطالعه و بررسی قرار می­گیرد. تغییر طول ایمپلنت از مقدار 5/8­ میلی­متر تا 13 میلی­متر و گام رزوه­های ایمپلنت از مقدار 6/0 میلی­متر تا 1 میلی­متر در نظرگرفته می­شود. بیشترین تنش­ها به ترتیب در مجموعه ایمپلنت-اباتمنت، استخوان کورتیکال و استخوان اسفنجی مشاهده می­شود و طول 13 میلی­متر در گام 7/0 میلی­متر به عنوان حالت بهینه معرفی می­گردد. همچنین در این مطالعه نسبت گام به طول بهینه­ای برای ایمپلنت پیشنهاد شده است Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Evaluation of mechanical properties of bioglass materials for dentistry application
Mohammad Hossein Malekipour Esfahani Negar Sharifinezhad Mehran Hemati Amir Mohammad Gholami -
Open Access Article
68 - Radiographic study of the effect of Nano poly(ε-caprolactone)/Gelatin/Gehlenite Defect on the healing process of bone Defects with critical size in Markhoz goat
Foad Sadi Rasoul RahimzadehThe main goal in the repair of tibial fractures is to create a bone unit and study the effect of this nano polymaterial in the process of bone repair. In this research, 10 adult goats were divided into two groups, and the middle part of the right tibia was considered to MoreThe main goal in the repair of tibial fractures is to create a bone unit and study the effect of this nano polymaterial in the process of bone repair. In this research, 10 adult goats were divided into two groups, and the middle part of the right tibia was considered to create a 30 mm defect. . poly(e-caprolactone)/Gelatin/Gehlenite was used to fill the gap after the fracture in the second group. Then, on days 0, 15, 30, and 60, the animals in both the experimental group and the control group are radiographically examined. The results obtained from these results are based on the Lin and Sandow classification system depending on the amount of callus found and the spatial amount of the defect filled by the callus, mineralized and compared, after analysis And statistical analysis shows. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05); This confirms the faster bone formation in the experimental group than the control group and more form of poly(e-caprolactone/Gelatin/Gehlenite) in tibial bone reconstruction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Surgical correction of short ulnar syndrome with partial ulnar diaphyseal ostectomy in a dog
H.R Fattahian روزبه Moridpour حمید Mohidin A.R Hoseinzadeh A seven months male mixed Tibetan Spaniel(5.5kg body weight) has been referred to small animal clinic with fore limb lameness.history taking showed that dog did not undergo with any trauma and also did not suffer from any systemic disease.Carniocudal and lateral More A seven months male mixed Tibetan Spaniel(5.5kg body weight) has been referred to small animal clinic with fore limb lameness.history taking showed that dog did not undergo with any trauma and also did not suffer from any systemic disease.Carniocudal and lateral-medial radiographs were shown bowing of the radius bone cause by permature closure of distal ulnar growth plate.then surgical treatment of partial ulnar diaphyseal ostectomy was performed.postoperative care was antibiotic administration and limb was supported by light splint.this case study showed that local disturbances in bone growth form an important group of orthopaedic problems that occur in young animals.therefore surgeons take the antebrachium deformities into consideration with accurate diagnostic imaging and apply for corrective surgeries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Effect of different levels of dicalcium phosphate in the diet on growth performance, bone characteristics and microbial flora in broiler chickens
S, M Motamedi جواد Vahed Khoshchehreh ملیحه RahatiThis experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of dicalsium phosphate on growthperformance, bony characteristics and intestinal microbial flora in broiler chickens. Dicalsium phosphate wasadded in 0, 0.5, 1, and 2 % to basal diet. A total of 20 MoreThis experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of dicalsium phosphate on growthperformance, bony characteristics and intestinal microbial flora in broiler chickens. Dicalsium phosphate wasadded in 0, 0.5, 1, and 2 % to basal diet. A total of 200 Ross- 308 broiler chicks in 4 treatments and 5 replicates(with 10 birds in each replicate) in completely randomized design, reared for 42 days. The results showed thatall levels of dicalsium phosphate in diet of broiler chickens had a signifcant difference on daily weight gain andfnal weight compared to control group signifcantly (P>0.05). There was no signifcant difference between testand control groups as feed intake, but FCR was lower in test group signifcantly (P<0.05). In characteristics ofbone, the weight of the bones in test groups was signifcantly increased compared with the control group (P<0.05).But the other characteristics (bone length, width bone, bone strength, bone ash) were not signifcant. Also, the testgroup had lower intestinal microbial flora signifcantly compared to controls group (P<0.05). Rate of intestinalmicrobial flora in treatments with 0.5 % dicalsium phosphate was less than the others. It can be concluded that thesupplementation of diet with dicalsium phosphate has positive effects on broilers performance Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - The effect of eight weeks of high intensity interval and moderate intensity continuous trainings along with Citrus Aurantium on bone alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin in the femur tissue of elderly female rats
Fatemeh Farkhaie سعید کشاورز Elham Eftekhari سید علی حسینیBackground and Purpose: Osteoporosis in old age is one of the most common metabolic bone diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of eight weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) a MoreBackground and Purpose: Osteoporosis in old age is one of the most common metabolic bone diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of eight weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) along with Citrus Aurantium (CA) on bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) and osteocalcin (OCN) in the femur tissue of elderly female rats. Material and Methods: In this experimental study, 42 elderly female rats were randomly divided into 7 groups including 1) control (C), 2) MICT, 3) HIIT, 4) MICT+CA, 5) HIIT+ CA, 6) CA and 7) Sham (normal-saline). HIIT trainings were performed with an intensity of 85- 110% VO2max and MICT trainings were performed with an intensity of 65% VO2max; CA was consumed 300 mg/kg/day. Results: In the CA, MICT, HIITHIIT+CA and MICT+CA groups, BALP and OCN levels were higher than C group (P=0.001). In addition, BALP levels in MICT+CA group were higher than CA, HIIT, MICT and HIIT+CA groups. OCN levels in the MICT group were higher than the HIIT group (P=0.001). While in the HIIT and MICT group were higher than the HIIT+CA and MICT+CA groups (P=0.001). Conclusion: It seems that although HIIT, MICT and CA are effective (both alone and interactively) in improving bone metabolism, the effect of training is much stronger than the effects of CA on osteoporosis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - Investigation of Carbon-Based Materials for Tissue Engineering Applications
A. Rabieifar N. KhanzadehToday, carbon materials are among the most widely used materials in the field of scientific-technological leaps. The biochemical properties of these materials have led to their widespread use in medical and biomechanical fields, and their different and special morpholog MoreToday, carbon materials are among the most widely used materials in the field of scientific-technological leaps. The biochemical properties of these materials have led to their widespread use in medical and biomechanical fields, and their different and special morphology has led to their suitable replacement for body tissues and solving joint problems and osteochondral problems. However, more systematic approaches to the engineering design of carbon-based cells and scaffolds are needed, and the related challenges still need to be addressed through extensive research. In this research, a comprehensive study of carbon materials and their benefits in medicine is done, focusing on increasing the effect of these materials in the area of osteochondral and joint repair and regeneration. In this regard, a review of all types of carbon allotropes including diamond, graphene compounds, fullerene, carbon nanotubes, amorphous carbon, and carbon dots has been done and the Biocompatibility properties of scaffold carbon base materials have been investigated. Manuscript profile
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