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Open Access Article
1 - Optimization of methanol-water solvent extraction of anthocyanins from Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) petals using response surface methodology
Mahboobeh Eksiri Seyed Ahmad Shahidi Leila Nateghi -
Open Access Article
2 - The Effect of Foliar Application of Proline and Glycine-Betaine on Growth Indices, Proline Content and Enzymatic Activity of Aromatic Geranium (Pelargonium Graveolens) Under Low Water Stress
Majid Khodabakhsh Elham DanaeeBackground and Aim: Aromatic geranium is an ornamental perennial plant which its essential oil is used in perfumery, cosmetics, food and pharmaceutical industries. Water scarcity is one of the most important environmental stresses limiting plants’ growth and MoreBackground and Aim: Aromatic geranium is an ornamental perennial plant which its essential oil is used in perfumery, cosmetics, food and pharmaceutical industries. Water scarcity is one of the most important environmental stresses limiting plants’ growth and yield, which greatly impacts the morphophysiological, biochemical and enzymatic properties of plants and limits their development and survival. Using organic osmolytes such as proline and glycine-betaine increase the capacity and speed of photosynthesis, absorb ions such as magnesium and potassium, prevent the degradation of pigment-protein compounds, maintain plant pigments, strengthen the antioxidant system, and impact in inhibiting the adverse effects of water scarcity in plants. Thus, the aim of this study is to determine the best substance and effective concentration improving the quality and aromatic geraniums flowering under water scarcity stress.Methods: Aromatic geranium cuttings were kept in commercial greenhouses with a temperature of about 17 to 20 Cᵒ, 60 to 70% relative humidity and light intensity of about 50 to 60 µm/m2S in Karaj city. Feeding with Hoagland solution was done once a week and in order to measure the soil moisture, the potting system was used, and irrigation was carried out based on the soil weight change according to the determined field capacity (FC). Foliar spraying with proline and glycine betaine (0, 50 and, 100 mg/l) was applied for a month after two weeks of placing the cuttings in pots and 24 hours of being at different levels of low scarcity stress (25, 50, 75 and, 100% field capacity), sequently. After completing the treatments, sampling and evaluating of traits such as fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots, petals anthocyanin, total leaf chlorophyll, proline and activity of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase enzymes were performed. The experiment was performed in 2019 as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized statistical design with two factors of applying water scarcity stress and spraying with proline and glycine-betaine and their interaction. Then, data were analyzed using SPSS, the means were compared with Duncan's multiple domain and graphs were drawn in Excel.Results: Data means comparison showed that the highest fresh and dry weight of shoots with 67.25 and 8.53 g and the highest fresh and dry weight of roots with 15.62 and 3.45 g were observed in 100% FC (control) and the lowest shoot fresh and dry weight with 44.76 and 4.45 g and the lowest fresh and dry weight of roots with 10.57 and 1.17 g, were in 25% FC treatment (without foliar application). Also, the highest and lowest petals anthocyanin with 2.8925 and 1.5775 mg/g FW and total leaf chlorophyll with 15.3735 and 11.1632 mg/g FW were in 100% FC (control) and 25% FC treatment (without foliar application). The highest and lowest proline levels were 3.84 and 1.67 mg/g of FW in 25% FC treatment (without foliar application) and 75% FC treatment + 100 mg/l of proline. The highest activity of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase enzymes with 2.97 and 16.52 UE/g of FW in 75% FC + glycine-betaine 100 mg/l treatment and the lowest with 1.12 and 12.93 UE/g FW in 25% FC treatment (without foliar application), was obtained.Conclusion: The results demonstrate that the fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots decreased with increasing water scarcity stress, which this reduction was in 25% or more of field capacity and foliar application of plants with glycine betaine and proline inhibited the negative effects of stress at a concentration of 100 mg/l, both combinations were more visible. Petal anthocyanin and total leaf chlorophyll dropped with rising water scarcity stress and, treatment of plants with glycine betaine and proline had an effective role in ameliorating plant pigments. In addition, proline levels are increased by water scarcity stress. The highest enzyme activity was in 75% FC and with increasing water scarcity stress, enzyme activity reduced. Foliar application of plants with glycine betaine and 100 mg/l proline reduced the negative effect of water stress in 50 and 75% FC compared to 25% FC. Hence, according to the research results, the use of organic osmolytes such as glycine betaine and proline can be recommended to decrease the negative effects of water scarcity stress in ornamental plants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Simultaneous Effect of Temperature and Hydrogen Peroxid on Degradation of Anthocyanins in Three Berberis Species Juices
M. Farhadi Chitgar M. Varidi F. Shahidi A. TorabiIntroduction: Antocyanins provide a pleasant and attractive appearance in fruits and vegetables particularly fruit juices. Therefore it is necessary to study the effect of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a widespread material in packaging sterilant in aseptic processing sys MoreIntroduction: Antocyanins provide a pleasant and attractive appearance in fruits and vegetables particularly fruit juices. Therefore it is necessary to study the effect of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a widespread material in packaging sterilant in aseptic processing systems on anthocyanins from various juices. Materials and Methods: In this study, the simultaneous effect of hydrogen peroxide in five different concentrations and three different temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 mmol/L) and (10, 20 and 30 ̊C) on degradation of anthocyanins in Berberis vulgaris, Berberis cratagina and Beberis integerrima juices have been investigated. Results: The degradation of anthocyanins in all treatments were fitted both zero and first order kinetics models. The results showed the degradation of anthocyanins in these three Berberis juices followed the first-order reaction kinetics. In most cases, the reaction rate constant (k) and half-life (t1/2) differed significantly among the three Berberis in various concentrations and temperatures (p<0.05). The difference between Berberis vulgaris juice and Berberis cratagina juice was lower. The reaction rate constant (k) increased and half-life (t1/2) decreased with increasing concentration of hydrogen peroxide in all juices. The temperature dependence of anthocyanins degradation was determined by calculating the activation energy (Ea) and temperature quotient (Q10). At the concentration of 10-20 mmol/L, Berberis vulgaris juice showed the lowest temperature dependence, whereas at higher concentrations (25 and 30 mmol/L) Beberis integerrima juice had the lowest temperature dependence. Conclusion: Anthocyanins from berberis species juices were found to be very susceptible to H2O2. Therefore, aseptic systems should be frequently controlled to ensure the effective removal of residual H2O2 from the food contact surfaces. Since the rate of anthocyanin degradation by H2O2 is highly dependent on temperature, cold storage of these juices is strongly recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Antioxidant Activities and Several Bioactive Substances of Different Extracts of Vitis vinifera L.
M. Babashpour-Asl M. Piryaei -
Open Access Article
5 - Evaluation of morphological and biochemical traits in seedlings of four early and late potato cultivars in vitro
Farah Farahani Maliha Talebi Taher BarzegarObjective: Considering the importance of potato in the economy and human nutrition, the need to produce healthy seeds through tissue culture in order to increase the quality of the tuber and ultimately maintain the yield of the product is noticeable. In this regard, the MoreObjective: Considering the importance of potato in the economy and human nutrition, the need to produce healthy seeds through tissue culture in order to increase the quality of the tuber and ultimately maintain the yield of the product is noticeable. In this regard, the aim of the present study is to evaluate the morphological and biochemical traits in the seedlings of four early and late potato cultivars under in vitro conditions.Materials and methods: Four commercial varieties of potato were cultivated as single-node microspecimens in MS culture medium without any plant growth regulators. Seedlings grew after 5 weeks. Seedlings were evaluated in terms of morphological traits (number of seedlings produced from one seedling, stem length, number of branches, nodes, roots and micro-gland) as well as biochemical traits (chlorophyll a, b, carotenoid, anthocyanin, catalase enzyme activity and polyphenol oxidase enzyme activity).Findings: In morphological traits, late cultivar Satina, number of seedlings and stem length, and early cultivar Sante showed more roots than other cultivars. In the study of biochemical traits, the late cultivar Agria was superior to other cultivars in terms of the amount of pigments and catalase enzyme.Conclusion: In the same vegetative conditions, different cultivars have different potential in vegetative and biochemical traits. The growth pattern of different genotypes is determined by the synthesis of food and different levels of internal hormones and the balance between them, and as a result, they give different responses to the conditions of the culture environment. The present study showed that in the same vegetative conditions, the early cultivars of Satina in terms of vegetative traits and Agria in terms of the amount of pigments can be selected for mass cultivation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Evaluation of physiological and biochemical changes of strawberry cv. Gaviota in response to Mycorrhizal and Trichoderma fungi under selenium treatment
Ali Lachinani Seyed jalal Tabatabaei Amir Bostani Vahid Abdossi Saeed RezaeeThis study evaluated the effects of Mycorrhiza (Rhizophagus irregularis), Trichoderma (Trichoderma harzianum) and selenium on some physiological traits of Gaviota strawberry as a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with three replications in the MoreThis study evaluated the effects of Mycorrhiza (Rhizophagus irregularis), Trichoderma (Trichoderma harzianum) and selenium on some physiological traits of Gaviota strawberry as a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with three replications in the Shahed University, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences research greenhouse in 2017. The treatments included fungi (No inoculation, Mycorrhiza, Trichoderma) and selenium (0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mg/kg soil). The results showed that the use of symbiotic fungi, especially Trichoderma, could significantly increase the pH, total soluble solids (TSS), antioxidant capacity and anthocyanin of the fruit, as well as increase the amount of protein, chlorophyll and carotenoid of Gaviota strawberry leaves. Furthermore, selenium treatment, especially at low concentrations (0.5 and 1 mg/kg soil), could increase the antioxidant and anthocyanin capacity of the fruit, as well as the amount of protein and chlorophyll in the leaves. Overall, it is possible to recommend the using of symbiotic fungi, especially Trichoderma, along with low concentrations of selenium (0.5 and 1 mg/kg soil) in Gaviota strawberry cultivation programs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Effect of 6-benzylaminopurine and methyl jasmonate on yield and quality improvement of the strawberry ‘Albion’
Farzad Asgari Sepideh Kalateh Jari Babak Motesharezadeh Marzieh Ghanbari Jahromi Weria WeisanyTo study the effects of 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BAP) and methyl jasmonate (MJ) on various quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the Albion strawberry, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete blocks design was carried out with three replications in a MoreTo study the effects of 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BAP) and methyl jasmonate (MJ) on various quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the Albion strawberry, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete blocks design was carried out with three replications in a greenhouse located in Damavand county. The first factor was 6-BAP at two levels (control and 100 mg/L) and the second factor was MJ at three levels (control, 100 and 200 µM). Plants were sprayed twice with 6-BAP and thrice with MJ, during the vegetative and the reproductive growth phases, respectively. Application of 6-BAP during the vegetative stage, resulted in production of plants with more and larger leaves and increased crown diameter. The highest fruit count and weight, SPAD, flavor index, total anthocyanin and fruit shelf-life, was related to the 100 mg/L 6-BAP + 200 µM MJ treatment. Using cytokinin combined with each of the MJ concentrations, resulted in significant improvement of the plant yield and fruit firmness compared to the control. Therefore, pre-harvest application of these plant growth regulators can be suggested for increasing production rates, improving the quality, and the shelf-life of this vulnerable fruit and also reducing its waste. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Assess Effect of Foliar Application of Seaweed Extract and Amino Acids on Morpho-physiological Characteristics of Gerbera jamesonii Var. Stanza Cut Flowers
Maral Tavakoli Hossein Ali Asadi-Gharneh -
Open Access Article
9 - Evaluation of changes in nitrogen, zinc, potassium sources and their combined application on some growth factors and physiological traits flavonoid , phenolic compounds and Anthocyanin of maize (Zea mays L.) cultivar single cross 704
Tahereh Tavan Mohammad Ali Rezaei Mehr Ali Mahmood JanlouIntroduction: Corn is one of the valuable agricultural plants whose diversity, adaptability and high nutritional value have placed it among the most important agricultural plants in the world. Foliar spraying of nitrogen, zinc and potassium fertilizers on corn plants ca MoreIntroduction: Corn is one of the valuable agricultural plants whose diversity, adaptability and high nutritional value have placed it among the most important agricultural plants in the world. Foliar spraying of nitrogen, zinc and potassium fertilizers on corn plants can provide farmers and researchers with very good information about the effect of nitrogen, zinc and potassium fertilizer consumption in the climatic conditions of Golestan province.Aim: Considering the medicinal effects of corn cob and its importance in medicine and the presence of special effective substances in this connection in corn silk, it seems that their quantity and quality are affected by the use of nitrogen, zinc, and potassium. Therefore, examining these changes is one of the practical goals of this research.Materials and methods: In order to evaluate the changes resulted from nitrogen, zinc, potassium and their simultaneous application were done on some morphophysiological traits of single cross 704 hybrid maize as a randomized complete block design with four replications in spring and summer of 2019 in Golestan province, the Katoul farm. Treatments included nitrogen(N), potassium(P), zinc(Z) fertilizer and combined application of nitrogen+potassium(NP), nitrogen+zinc(NZ), potassium+zinc(PZ) and their combined application of nitrogen+potassium+zinc(NPZ) with control. The results showed the traits were affected by fertilizer sources significantly (p≤ 0.01).Results: The studied treatments had a significant effect on the traits of height to the first corn, number of rows, ear length and ear diameter at the time of full ripening at the probability level of (p≤ 0.01). With the application of zinc, nitrogen and potassium elements, a significant increase in the content of phenolic compounds of leaves, silk and corn seeds was observed. The flavonoids of leaves, silk and seeds were influenced by the supply of nitrogen (N), zinc (Zn), potassium (K) fertilizers and their simultaneous application. Leaf anthocyanin in foliar spraying treatments with single potassium fertilizer, due to creating optimal conditions, most of the current energy of the plant was spent in the direction of growth, development and increasing the yield of treated plants, so the biosynthesis and production of anthocyanin in corn leaves with single application of potassium was less, but silk anthocyanin And the seed with single application of potassium and simultaneous application of potassium+nitrogen, potassium+zinc, potassium+nitrogen+zinc showed a significant increase compared to the control. Conclusion: according to the obtained results, the simultaneous application of fertilizers is recommended to increase the morpho-physiological traits and yield of plants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - The Effect of Water Deficit Stress and Foliar Application of Zinc Oxide Nano Particles on Morphophysiological Characteristics of Landraces Withania coagulans L.
Mehdi Seyedi Seyed Amir Abbas Mousavi Mirkalaei Hossein ZahediIn order to evaluate the effect of water deficit stress and foliar application of zinc oxide nano particles on morphophysiological characteristics in Withania coagulans L. landraces, a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with 3 replications was setup. MoreIn order to evaluate the effect of water deficit stress and foliar application of zinc oxide nano particles on morphophysiological characteristics in Withania coagulans L. landraces, a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with 3 replications was setup. The experiment included various irrigation regimes (control), (medium stress), (severe stress), four landraces (Fanuj, Khash, Saravan and Sarbaz), with and without foliar application of zinc oxide nano particles. The experiment was conducted in green house of the faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, during 2018-2019. The highest leaf area (538.92 cm2) was related to Sarbaz in control irrigation and the lowest leaf area (245.88 cm2) was related to Khash in severe water deficit stress. Based on the comparison results, the mean of maximum plant dry weight (1.76 g) was related to Sarbaz and control irrigation and the lowest plant dry weight (0.63 g) was related to Fanuj and severe water deficit stress. Also, the highest amount of chlorophyll a (2.55 μmol.g-1) was related to Khash, control irrigation and foliar application of zinc oxide nano particles. The highest amount of chlorophyll b (1.26 μmol.g-1) was related to Fanuj, control irrigation and foliar application of zinc oxide nano particles, which was not significantly different from other landraces. Also, the lowest amount of chlorophyll b (0.62 μmol.g-1) was related to Khash, severe water deficit stress and without foliar application of zinc oxide nano particles. Sarbaz had the highest amount of anthocyanin (0.3 μmol.g-1) in the treatment of severe water deficit stress and lack of foliar application of zinc oxide nano particles, which was not significantly different from Saravan. Also, the lowest amount of anthocyanin (0.146 μmol.g-1) was related to Fanuj in the treatment of severe water deficit stress with foliar application of zinc oxide nano particles. Severe water deficit stress reduced the amount of traits tested. Also, the Sarbaz showed good tolerance to water deficit stress conditions compared to other landraces. The foliar application of zinc oxide nano particles also improved plant growth and increased some of the tested traits under stress conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Seed germination and phytochemical variations of two Iranian borage (Echium amuenum Fisch & C.A.Mey) under the influence of cultivation location
Manijeh Khorsandi Aghaii Azim Ghasemnezhad javad Mousavizade Esmaeil Babakhanzadeh sajiraniIranianborage (Echium amoenum) is one of the most important plants of Boragicaceae. In order to determine the most suitable method of overcoming seed dormancy of this plant, the present study was conducted in two different experiments. The first experiment was carried o MoreIranianborage (Echium amoenum) is one of the most important plants of Boragicaceae. In order to determine the most suitable method of overcoming seed dormancy of this plant, the present study was conducted in two different experiments. The first experiment was carried out using seeds collected from Mashhad and Javaherdeh based on a factorial study with three replications. Pretreatments were seed treatment at 4° C for 7, 14, and 21 consecutive days under refrigerated temperature, seed treatment with 500 ppm gibberellic acid for 24 hours, and seed treatment with 50% sulfuric acid for 10 minutes. The second experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design in time and location in two years and two locations of Gorgan and Mashhad. The experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of climate on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the flower. Results showed that Iranian borage seed has physiological dormancy since the maximum seed germination percentage was obtained by applying pre-cooling treatments in 7 days. Comparison of the two locations revealed more favorable flower yield and secondary metabolite accumulation (anthocyanin, antioxidant, phenol and flavonoid) in plants cultivated in Mashhad region. Therefore, due to the relative resistance of the plant to water deficit, the cultivation of this plant in Mashhad is suggested to be further evaluated. Also, pre-treatment of 7 days of moist chilling is also recommended to facilitate the germination uniformity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - The comparison of morphological and phytochemical characteristics of spring and summer crops in three fig genotypes in Golestan province
زهرا کیخا اسماعیل سیفی فریال وارسته عظیم قاسمنژادAn experiment was conducted to evaluate the differences between the spring and summer crops of three fig genotypes namely, Golbahar, Kamal Abad, and Rezvan 41 in Golestan province. The fruit samples were collected from two different fruit crops and some morphological an MoreAn experiment was conducted to evaluate the differences between the spring and summer crops of three fig genotypes namely, Golbahar, Kamal Abad, and Rezvan 41 in Golestan province. The fruit samples were collected from two different fruit crops and some morphological and phytochemical traits were studied based on the specific descriptor and standard methods. The analysis of variance showed that there were some significant interaction between genotype and fruit type on length, width, and shape of the fruit, stalk and neck length, and pulp length, where there was observed no significant effect on the ostiole diameter. The results showed that the summer fruits were smaller than spring fruits and had lower amount of fruit length and diameter, stalk and neck length, and pulp length in most of the genotypes. Regardless of the genotype, the ostiole diameter was higher in spring fruits than summer fruits. The analysis of variance also showed that genotype and fruit type had significant interaction effects on flavonoid and anthocyanin but not on total soluble solids, titratable acidity and phenols. Summer fruits had higher amount of total soluble solids and titratable acidity but lower phenols. Kamalabad genotype also showed higher amount of total soluble solids and titratable acidity than other genotypes. In Golbahar genotype, the spring fruits had lower anthocyanin while this was lower in other genotypes. In contrast, in all genotypes under study spring fruits had higher amount of flavonoid. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Study of phytochemical compounds of Lactuca serriola L. (case study of the fields of Vamenan village in Azadshar)
Ebrahim Gholamalipour Alamdari Maral Iri Javad Bayat Kohsar zeinab avarsejiThis experiment was carried out to analyze some primary and secondary compounds in various organs of Lactuca serriola during phenological vegetative growth stage. After collecting aerial parts of L. Serriola from the farms in Vamenan village in Azadshar, various organs MoreThis experiment was carried out to analyze some primary and secondary compounds in various organs of Lactuca serriola during phenological vegetative growth stage. After collecting aerial parts of L. Serriola from the farms in Vamenan village in Azadshar, various organs such as root, stem, and leaf were dried and powdered separately. Also, mixed organs were considered as another treatment for comparison. Then various organs of L. serriola and a mixture of them were analyzed qualitatively for primary metabolites like organic matter, raw ash, protein, proline, starch and soluble sugar as well as membrane stability index and some secondary metabolites like total phenols and anthocyanin. Results showed that various organs of L. serriola had a various content of primary and secondary metabolites as well membrane stability index. On the basis of the findings, the highest and lowest contents of organic matter and raw ash were obtained in leaf, respectively. The highest content of protein, starch and compatibility osmotic of soluble sugar and proline also were found in the leaf organ. The highest content of total phenols and anthocyanin were obtained in leaf showing a positive and significant correlation with membrane stability index. Regarding the high biomass generated from L. serriola, it is suggested to analyze the other chemical compounds in this plant. Complimentary studies are required to exploit the application of these compounds as bio herbicide. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - The effect of various concentrations salicylic acid on mitigation of sodium chloride stress in growth parameters and photosynthetic pigments of sunflower plant (Helianthus annuus L.)
Kobra MahdavianS Soil salinity is a serious environmental problem that has negative effect on plants’ growth and production. On the other hand, salicylic acid plays an essential role in preventing oxidative damage in plants by detoxifying superoxide radicals produced as a resul MoreS Soil salinity is a serious environmental problem that has negative effect on plants’ growth and production. On the other hand, salicylic acid plays an essential role in preventing oxidative damage in plants by detoxifying superoxide radicals produced as a result of salinity. In this research the effect of different concentrations of salicylic acid, sodium chloride, and interaction effects of both factors were studied on morphological and biochemical parameters in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) plants. NaCl concentrations of 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mM and salicylic acid concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mM were used in the form of a factorial experiment in a complete randomized design (CRD). Results showed that salinity caused significant decrease in shoot and root length, fresh and dry weights, chlorophylls, and carotenoid of plants while in salicylic acid pre-treated plants, this reduction has been moderated. On the other hand, increasing the amount of anthocyanin, chlorophylls, and carotenoid indicated the role of salicylic acid in increasing the tolerance of this plant to sodium chloride stress. These findings suggest that salicylic acid application increases plant tolerance to sodium chloride stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - A survey of some growth characteristics of Cerasus avium L. species regarding the cecological role of the height above the sea level in Ramsar managed forests
MM Falah chai رزا Khalatbari علیرضا IslamiCherry (Cerasus avium L.) is one of the valuable native and broadleaf species that are either scattered or exist as a small group in the northern forests of Iran. This research was carried out to investigate the effect of altitude from the sea level on some of the growt MoreCherry (Cerasus avium L.) is one of the valuable native and broadleaf species that are either scattered or exist as a small group in the northern forests of Iran. This research was carried out to investigate the effect of altitude from the sea level on some of the growth characteristics of cherry in different altitudinal layers. For this purpose, after seeing different forests in the series of 1 and 3 located in Nesaroud, Ramsar forests, 60 cherry trees of thicker than 20 cm in diameter were randomly identified due to the lack of suitable abundance in other altitudes of three altitudinal classes (200-400, 600-800, and 1200 -1400 m) above the sea level. In this study, some of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the given stands were measured and analyzed. The obtained results showed that the qualitative characteristic of diameter growth were significantly different at P≤0.05. It was also indicated that the amount of leaf flavonoids and the density of anthocyanin of Cerasus avium that create red color increased with an increase in the height from the sea level and the light intensity particularly the increase in the direct radiation of ultraviolet ray. The maximum density of flavonoids and anthocyanins are in the altitudes higher than 1200-1400 meter above the sea level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Evaluation of the effects of air pollution on some physiological parameters of Pyracantha crenulata var. kansuensis in clean and contaminated areas of Tehran
طاهره Zafarim Maryam Bikhof Torbati Farhang Moraghebi Roya RazavizadehAir pollution has different effects on living organisms. Since plants facing different environmental conditions cannot move, they are forced to cope with difficult conditions and withstand a series of physiological and morphological changes. This study was done to inves MoreAir pollution has different effects on living organisms. Since plants facing different environmental conditions cannot move, they are forced to cope with difficult conditions and withstand a series of physiological and morphological changes. This study was done to investigate the effects of air pollution on some physiological indices of P. kansuensis plant. These indicators included chlorophyll pigments, carotenoids, anthocyanins, and protein content. The results showed that chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, and proteins in the contaminated area as compared with the clean area increased significantly. But anthocyanin content in the clean area did not change significantly compared to the contaminated area. Also, analysis of catalase and superoxide dismutase activities in the polluted regions showed a significant increase in comparison with the clean regions. Therefore, air pollution in Tehran can have adverse effects on photosynthetic efficiency of plants and air purification. functions of the plants which are one of the goals of the green spaces in major cities in addition to the beauty of urban space. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Evaluation of antioxidant activity, secondary metabolites and osmolytes of aerial parts and root organs of Chelidonium majus L. in various phonological stages
Maryam Niakan Aytan Jojani Ebrahim Gholamali Pour AlamdariThe purpose of this study was to evaluate antioxidant activity and determining content of alkaloids, total phenols, anthocyanins, catalase, peroxidase activity as well osmolytes in vegetative,flowering and fruit stage of Chelidonium majus. Smples were collected from mar MoreThe purpose of this study was to evaluate antioxidant activity and determining content of alkaloids, total phenols, anthocyanins, catalase, peroxidase activity as well osmolytes in vegetative,flowering and fruit stage of Chelidonium majus. Smples were collected from marginal fields of Chamestan district of Noor which is located in Mazandaran province firstly, and then collected samples were botanically authenticated.. Results showed that root of C. majus in various phenological stages had a more alkaloids and total phenols content over aerial organs in similar stages. It was also observed that the highest alkaloids and total phenols in root were obtained in vegetative and flowering stages respectively. Anthocyanins content in root and aerial organs were increased with an increase of phonological stages. Also, the measurement of soluble sugars in C. majus showed that the highest amount of this compound was in all phonological stages at the root more than the aerial parts. The maximum amount of proline was observed in the aerial parts at the vegetative stage. According to the results, enzyme of catalase and peroxidase had positive correlation with antioxidant activity. Overall, antioxidant capacity in inhibition of free radicals significantly were increased with an increase of alkaloids and total phenols content from underground and aerial organs of C. majus in various phonological stages. Overall, root of Chelidonium majus in vegetative stage had the appropriate amount of alkaloids; it may be used as a suitable source for the preparation of pharmaceutical compounds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Variation on biochemical, phytochemical and genetic diversity of fig (ficus carica) from East Azerbaijan province
akbar ghorbani hamid Hasanpour sezai ErcisliAbstract. Fig (Ficus cariaca) is native to western and eastern mediterranean regions such as western and northwestern of Iran. Iran is one of the important fig producers in the world. In this study, biochemical, phycochemistry characteristics and genetic diversity of 38 MoreAbstract. Fig (Ficus cariaca) is native to western and eastern mediterranean regions such as western and northwestern of Iran. Iran is one of the important fig producers in the world. In this study, biochemical, phycochemistry characteristics and genetic diversity of 38 fig genotypes from Arsbaran in East Azerbaijan province in the Horticulture Laboratory of Urmia University in 2015 were investigated. Biochemical results showed that, TSS, pH, TSS/TA, vitamin c, antioxidant capacity, total anthocyanin, total flavonoid and total phenol were significant (p ≤ 0.01). Most of the studied biochemical traits indicated high variation. The results of the molecular data showed that a total of 131 bands were scored, of which 121 bands (92%) were polymorphic. The amount of polymorphic (PIC) information for the primers used varied from 0.22 to 0.47 in ISSR7 and ISSR20 respectively. Also, marker index were between 0.15 to 2.5 in ISSR7 and ISSR20 respectively. Based on the results of cluster analysis, the studied fig genotypes were classified into two main groups, so that the most of collected genotypes from Kalibar belonged to second group. So it could be concluded that geographic location of the studied fig genotypes is the main reason for their separation by this marker. Based on obtained results, the genotypes Kh9 and H17 were suggested for breeding programs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Investigation of metabolites content and antioxidant activity of various organs of invasive weed of Ipomoea tricolor Cav. in Gonbad Kavous farms
Ebrahim Gholamalipour Alamdari Alie Syedi hossein sabouri Zeinab Avarseji Abbas BiabaniThe purpose of this study was to evaluate metabolites content (primary and secondary) and antioxidant activity of different organs of Ipomoea tricolor weed including stem, leaf, and fruit leaf, individually and in combination. The weed under study was first collected at MoreThe purpose of this study was to evaluate metabolites content (primary and secondary) and antioxidant activity of different organs of Ipomoea tricolor weed including stem, leaf, and fruit leaf, individually and in combination. The weed under study was first collected at fruit stage and divided into organs. Antioxidant activities of various organs of Ipomoea tricolor were measured according to the method of DPPH. Results showed that mixed organs of Ipomoea tricolor and then leaf had maximum total phenol contents in that order. In case of anthocyanins, the highest levels were obtained from leaf while the lowest content of both secondary metabolites were found in the stem. Results also showed that leaves had maximum soluble sugars and proline contents. Correlation coefficient of data showed a significant positive relationship between anthocyanin contents of various organs of Ipomoea tricolor and their soluble sugar and proline contents. According to the findings, content of protein and starch in various organs significantly decreased with an increase in the secondary metabolite contents of anthocyanins. Mean comparison of antioxidant activity of various organs of Ipomoea tricolor showed that leaf and fruit had the highest and lowest antioxidant activities for inhibiting free radicals, respectively. Regarding the effect of the type of Ipomoea tricolor weed organ on the quantity of metabolites especially secondary compounds like phenols and anthocyanins and also antioxidant activity, the plant, especially the leaves may be introduced as a notable candidate for oxidative decomposition of free radicals, improving the nutritional value of food, or as a natural herbicide due to its high biomass. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - The effect of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles on some physiological and biochemical parameters of viola tricolor (Viola tricolor L.)
arefeh hassanvand Sara Saadatmand hossin lariyazdi Alireza iranbakhshEmploying biosynthesized nanoparticles plays an important role in increasing efficiency of agricultural practices. In recent years, the use of nanoparticles in plants has been considered as pesticides, protective agents, and nutrients. Viola tricolor belongs to the Viol MoreEmploying biosynthesized nanoparticles plays an important role in increasing efficiency of agricultural practices. In recent years, the use of nanoparticles in plants has been considered as pesticides, protective agents, and nutrients. Viola tricolor belongs to the Violaceae family, which has antibacterial, anticancer, and antiviral properties. In this study, silver nanoparticles were synthesized using silver nitrate and Viola tricolor extract to investigate the effect of different concentrations of silver nanoparticles on the physiologic and biochemical indexes of Viola tricolor. Results showed that different growth parameters including root and stem fresh weight, root and shoot length, and protein content significantly increased under AgNPs. The highest levels of these indices were observed at 0, 10, 50 and 100 ppm silver nanoparticles, respectively. Proline and carbohydrates also increased under different concentrations of AgNPs compared with the control and the highest values of these indices were observed under 100 ppm silver nanoparticles. The contents of secondary metabolites, including phenol and flavonoids, were affected under 100 ppm AgNP showing the highest increase. The maximum increase in the anthocyanin content was observed at 10 ppm AgNPs. Analysis of the antioxidant enzyme activities showed that they increased under all AgNPs concentrations of the study. Increases in the activities of antioxidant enzymes (catalase and glutathione reductase) under AgNPs treatments led to a decrease in MDA content. Based on the results of the current study, silver nanoparticles are suggested as proper stimulants for increased growth and production of antioxidant properties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - The study of the effects of different concentrations of salicylic acid on improving physiological and biochemical properties of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) var. Akbari seedlings under salinity stress
kobra mahdavianSalicylic acid is a plant growth regulator that is involved in regulating physiological processes and the plants’ response to adverse biological conditions such as salinity. In the present study, an experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of different MoreSalicylic acid is a plant growth regulator that is involved in regulating physiological processes and the plants’ response to adverse biological conditions such as salinity. In the present study, an experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of different concentrations of salicylic acid, salinity, and the interaction of salicylic acid and salinity on morphological and biochemical parameters in pistachio. Salinity concentrations of 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mM and salicylic acid concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mM were used in the form of foliar factorial application in a completely randomized design (CRD) under greenhouse condition in 2019. The results of this study showed that salinity reduced shoot and root growth and fresh and dry weights, as well as chlorophyll, carotenoid, and anthocyanin contents while in plants pre-treated with salicylic acid, the effects of salinity on these parameters were modified. Accordingly, it can be concluded that salicylic acid application protects the plant against salt stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Investigation of growth, nitrate reductase activity, total content of flavonoids, anthocyanins and some elements in Zamioculcas zamiifolia Engl. under the influence of three types of nitrogen fertilizers in greenhouse conditions
Alireza Rahmani Aryan Sateei Mehdi Ebadi Mazeyar Ahmadi GolsefidiIn the present study, the effect of nitrogen fertilizers including urea, NPK and Dr. Bio biofertilizer on growth, content of some elements, flavonoids and anthocyanins in the ornamental-medicinal plant Zamioculcas zamiifoliaEngl. was investigated. Plants were planted in MoreIn the present study, the effect of nitrogen fertilizers including urea, NPK and Dr. Bio biofertilizer on growth, content of some elements, flavonoids and anthocyanins in the ornamental-medicinal plant Zamioculcas zamiifoliaEngl. was investigated. Plants were planted in pots and in random blocks in the greenhouse of Farhikhtegan of Islamic Azad University of Gorgan under the influence of different concentrations of fertilizer at the levels of 0, 2 and 4 g/l. Based on the results, urea and biofertilizer treatments had more significant effects on various aspects of growth such as fresh weight and dry weight of roots and leaves than NPK fertilizer. Although the flavonoid content of leaves was not affected by fertilizer, but biofertilizer had a significant positive effect on the anthocyanin content of them. Also, concentration 2 g/l of NPK or urea had a negative effect and concentration 4 g/l of urea had a positive effect on the total anthocyanin content of leaves. All treatments had a positive effect on increasing the nitrogen content of roots. Total nitrogen of leaves was not affected by biofertilizer, but showed some increases in other treatments. Both biofertilizer and urea showed positive and significant effects on increasing nitrate reductase activity of leaves. The effect of NPK fertilizer on this enzymatic activity was increased at a concentration of 4 g/l but decreased at a concentration of 2 g/l. All treatments showed significant effects in reducing phosphorus and potassium of leaves and instead increasing them in the roots. Both biofertilizer and NPK had significantly decreased iron content of leaves and roots. In the case of urea, this decrease was observed only for roots and in treatment 2g/ l, while the treatment 4 g/l increased the iron content in both roots and leaves. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Effect of height and soil properties on some secondary metabolites of different organs of sweet violet (Viola odorata L.) in different natural habitats of Mazandaran province
Niloofar Zakaria Nejad Hossein Moradi Pourya Biparva Zahra MemarianiVarious environmental factors including altitude and soil properties affect the growth and production of plants in natural ecosystems. Sweet violet (Viola odoratata L.) is a gramineous and perennial plant of the Violaceae family and grows as a wildflower in the mountain MoreVarious environmental factors including altitude and soil properties affect the growth and production of plants in natural ecosystems. Sweet violet (Viola odoratata L.) is a gramineous and perennial plant of the Violaceae family and grows as a wildflower in the mountainous areas of northern Iran and some other regions of the country. This study was performed to compare the phytochemical properties and antioxidant activity of Viola odoratata L. shoot and root extracts in nine habitats of Mazandaran province in March 2020. To investigate the analysis, leaf, flower and root organs of the plant in the flowering stage were collected from nine habitats of Mazandaran province along with soil samples of these areas in March 2018. After collecting the root and shoot samples at the florescence stage and preparing methanolic extract through ultrasonic method, the phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride colorimetric methods, respectively, the antioxidant activities were assayed by Diphenyl Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and the anthocyanin contents of flowers were measured by Wagner method. According to the findings, phenolic contents of the flowers and leaves decreased and increased, respectively with increasing height, and percentage antioxidant activities of the flowers increased while the amount of flavonoids was not affected by the habitat altitude. Analysis of soil properties revealed that the anthocyanin contents of flowers increased under the effect of deficient absorbable phosphorus in habitat 3 (Firoozjah Babol) and habitat 6 (Mohammadabad Behshahr). Also in the study of secondary metabolites, Sweet violets in habitat 7 had 67.95% and 86.18% antioxidant activities in flowers and roots, respectively; leaf and root phenol contents of 142.32 mg/g and 55.21 mg/g, respectively, and 6.52 μmol/g flower anthocyanin, so it can be selected as the superior region, and samples from this region can be used as gene banks in sexual and asexual reproduction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Effect of nanoselenium and sodium selenate on some of physiological and biochemical parameters of Vasha (Dorema ammoniacum L.)
Elham Abedi Ramazan Ali Khavari-Nejad Laleh Mosharraf Sara Saadatmand Hossein Ali Asadi-GharnehSelenium with antioxidant properties, has positive effects on growth and development of biological activities of many plants but its excessive levels in soil causes physiological problems. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of selenium (bulk) and nanosel MoreSelenium with antioxidant properties, has positive effects on growth and development of biological activities of many plants but its excessive levels in soil causes physiological problems. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of selenium (bulk) and nanoselenium on some of physiological and biochemical of Vasha, in a completely randomized experiment. Selenium in form of sodium selenate was applied in nutrient solution at concentrations (0, 2.5, 5 and 10 mg L–1) and nanoselenium at concentrations (0, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 mg L–1). The results showed that application of both bulk and nano-Se treatments significantly increased plant growth parameters (i.e. length of roots and shoot, the root and shoot fresh and dry weights), as well as the content of photosynthetic pigment, total flavonoids, total phenol, anthocyanin and carbohydrate content by 2.5 mg L–1 and 10 mg L– 1 of selenium and nanoselenium respectively. Moreover, the abovementioned concentrations were associated with a significant increase in plant antioxidant activity. All treatments reduced malondialdehyde. The most increase in chlorophyll a was observed at a concentration of 10 mg L-1 nano-Se, which decreased with increasing selenium concentration compared to the control treatment. The results showed that the positive effect of selenium on the growth and increase of phenolic compounds depends on the type and concentration of selenium application. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - The physicochemical comparison of local blackberries (Rubus persicus Boiss.) fruits in eastern and western regions of Golestan province
Esmaeil Seifi Sadegh Atashi Maryam Ghezelsoflou Omolbanin BabaeiBlackberries produce several types of phytochemicals beneficial to human health and wild blackberries are richer than cultivated ones. Climatic conditions have a great impact on plants in various ways. In this experiment, wild blackberries from two regions in the west a MoreBlackberries produce several types of phytochemicals beneficial to human health and wild blackberries are richer than cultivated ones. Climatic conditions have a great impact on plants in various ways. In this experiment, wild blackberries from two regions in the west and east of Golestan province (Bandar-e-Gaz and Minoodasht regions), in each region from two places (plain and foothills) and two different seasons of fruit ripening (late spring and late summer) were sampled and studied for morphological and phytochemical traits. The results showed that the region and place of growth and harvest season had a great impact on the morphological and phytochemical traits of wild blackberry fruit. Blackberries harvested from Bandar-e-Gaz had higher inflorescence length and width than blackberries of Minoodasht. There was a significant difference between spring and summer blackberries respecting the number of fruits per inflorescence and the number of drupelets per fruit. There was also a significant difference between spring and summer blackberries in all fruit traits, including fruit length, diameter, and weight. The fruits of Bandar-e-Gaz blackberries were more spherical (L/D 0.97) and had a higher fresh weight (1.23 g). The results also showed a significant difference between the blackberries of the two regions and between the two harvest seasons in total acidity, ascorbic acid, and pH. Spring fruits harvested in Minoodasht showed the highest amounts of acidity (5.52 mg/100mg) and total soluble solids (°Brix) and the lowest amount of pH (2.28). Blackberries harvested in Minoodasht region had more total anthocyanin (1.245 mg/100ml) but less total flavonoids (0.471 mg/100ml) and total phenols (0.36 mg/100ml) than blackberries harvested in Bandar-e-Gaz region. There was a significant difference between spring and summer fruits of both regions respecting the above-mentioned traits as well as antioxidant activity; spring fruits showed higher values in most of them. It seems that the climatic conditions of the region are more suitable for the cultivation of spring blackberry cultivars and the fruits obtained from these cultivars and genotypes have higher nutritional and medicinal properties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - The effect of soil salinity on Anthocyanine, Proline and Glycine betain in commercial cotton cultivars (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
S.J Mirghasemi M.A Rezaei عمران Alishah معصومه Shabdin,In order to studying the effect of soil salinity on physiological characteristics of Cotton genotypes this experiment was conducted in 1386 with potted cottons in phytotron condition and carried out as factorial in completely randomized design with 4 replications. One f MoreIn order to studying the effect of soil salinity on physiological characteristics of Cotton genotypes this experiment was conducted in 1386 with potted cottons in phytotron condition and carried out as factorial in completely randomized design with 4 replications. One factor was Cotton cultivars and the other was levels of salinity at rate of 0.6, 7.6, 15.2 and 29.9ds/m. The results showed that the effect of salinity on physiological characteristics of Cotton plant such as anthocynanine, proline and glycinebetain were significant at 1% probability within cultivars. There were significant diffrences at 5% probability in relation to praline and glycinebetain. No significant difference was found between cultivars in regard to anthocyanine. By increasing the salinity in the soil the amount of anthocyanine, proline and glycine betain increased in Cotton plant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Ethno pharmacology and investigation secondary metabolites of Perovskia abrotanoides Karel. in two natural regions, North of Iran
معصومه Mazandarani مایا بیک BeykMohammadi هومان BayatPerovskia abrotanoides karel. belongs to Lamiaceae family,is one of the most important medicinal herbs in North and North east of Iran, with wild grown in mountainous road of Golestan and North Khorasan provinces. Long times ago, it has been used by the rural people in MorePerovskia abrotanoides karel. belongs to Lamiaceae family,is one of the most important medicinal herbs in North and North east of Iran, with wild grown in mountainous road of Golestan and North Khorasan provinces. Long times ago, it has been used by the rural people in traditional medicine of this regions for treatment of their current ailments. In this research flowering aerial parts and of plant were collected in two natural habitats (1074m in Chamanbid region and 2300m in Shahkooh) respectively, from silty clay loam soils. Methanolic extracts were obtained for evaluated of quantities of flavonoids, phenolic and anthocyanin compounds and analysed by Pearson chisquare in p<0.05. Ethno pharmacological data were obtained from rural healers and Sheepers due to its important ecological effects it has been used by the rural healers as a tonic, anti septic, anti inflammation, rheumatic pain, expel worms and treat leishmaniosis especially with combination to another medicinal plants. The quantities of flavonoide, total phenol and anthocyanin were increased in higher region (2300m), especialy to confirm rural believed about P. abrotanoides, which more effective in mountainous region to treat of their current ailments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Investigating the phytochemical properties of the fruit of three edible fig genotypes in Khoy city
Sakineh MoradkhaniFig fruit (Ficus carica L.) contains large amounts of phenolic-compounds, flavonoids and anthocyanins, which are the most important natural antioxidants. In this study, the fruit of three fig genotypes from three villages of Qerkh-Yashar, Badal-Abad and Pirmousi located MoreFig fruit (Ficus carica L.) contains large amounts of phenolic-compounds, flavonoids and anthocyanins, which are the most important natural antioxidants. In this study, the fruit of three fig genotypes from three villages of Qerkh-Yashar, Badal-Abad and Pirmousi located in Khoy city, West-Azarbaijan province was harvested in September of 2019 and their biochemical characteristics were investigated. Some important chemical properties of the fruit were measured, such as antioxidant capacity with DPPH method, total phenol-content, total anthocyanin with Spectrophotometer, soluble sugars and polyphenols with HPLC. The measured antioxidant capacity by DPPH method in fruits varied from 36.93 to 45.67%. The highest total phenol was 418.59 mg in 100g of fresh gallic-acid, which was observed in the second genotype. The highest anthocyanin was 1.219 mg in 100g of fresh weight, which was observed in the first genotype. According to the results of the analysis of soluble sugars in all three sugars: fructose, sucrose and glucose were observed in all three genotypes. in this study, 9 types of polyphenolic-compounds were extracted from fig fruit, which included: caffeic-acid, gallic-acid, chlorogenic-acid, rutin, coumaric, rosemary-acid, quercetin, cinnamic-acid, apagenine, and the combination of chlorogenic-acid with an average of 30.88 micrograms-pergram was identified as the dominant polyphenol. According to the results of this study, different fig genotypes contain antioxidants and natural polyphenols, among which the first genotype, which belongs to the village of Qerkh-Yashar, contains higher levels of antioxidants and Polyphenols can be suggested for future correctional programs, but can also be used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - The effects of drought and salt stresses on some morphological and biochemical parameters of savory (Satureja hortensis L.)
Sedegeh Fabriki ourang Sorayya Mehrabad-PourbenabThere exist a number of reports regarding secondary metabolites increasing under the environmental stresses. Hence, to study the effects of drought (70 and 40% field capacity) and salinity (50 mM NaCl) on some morphological and biochemical parameters of summer Savory (S MoreThere exist a number of reports regarding secondary metabolites increasing under the environmental stresses. Hence, to study the effects of drought (70 and 40% field capacity) and salinity (50 mM NaCl) on some morphological and biochemical parameters of summer Savory (Satureja hortensis L.), inclusive fresh and dry weight of leaf, root and shoot, plant height, root length, root to shoot ratio, several leaves and branches, total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a and b, anthocyanin, flavonoids and total alkaloid, an experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications and treatments. Biochemical compounds were measured using spectrophotometric method. The analysis of variance were showed that drought and salinity, plant tissue and their interactions were significantly (p≤0.01) different for all chemical compounds except for flavonoids. The results were showed that salt stress did not have negative impact on morphological traits, and in salinity compared to non-stress, plant height (from 18.4 to 19.8 cm), a number of leaves (from 33 to 36) and root fresh weight (from 0.05 to 0.08 gr) increased significantly, but shoot fresh weight (with 0.5 and 0.52 gr), shoot dry weight (0.03 and 0.03 gr), root dry weight (0.02 and 0.016 gr) and leaf dry weight (0.04 and 0.04 gr) did not have any significant differences. All features were affected by drought stress comparison to non-stress so it was determined that summer savory is sensitive to drought and salinity-resistant. The total alkaloid increased under severe drought stress (0.173 OD.g-1.DW) and salinity (0.16 OD.g-1.DW) compared to non-stress (0.12 OD.g-1.DW) about 44 and 33%, respectively. Carotenoids decreased with increasing severity of drought stress, while it increased under salt stress (0.133 mg.g-1.FW) compared with non- stress (0.12 mg.g-1.FW). Flavonoid content was not affected by stress treatments, while the amount of anthocyanins decreased significantly in drought and salinity (0.67 and 0.62 OD.g-1.FW) compared to non-stress (1.23 OD.g-1.FW). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - The study and comparison of phytochemical and antioxidant activity of various extracts of Dracocephalum moldavica L.in Sistan and Baluchestan province
monireh mehrabi norolla hazeri Jafar Valizadeh Moharam ValizadehDracocephalum moldavica L. is an annual herb belongs to Lamiaceae family, which has been used to treat of gastrointestinal, liver disorders and headaches.In this study, flowering branches of plant were collected from the greenhouse of the university of Sistan and Baluch MoreDracocephalum moldavica L. is an annual herb belongs to Lamiaceae family, which has been used to treat of gastrointestinal, liver disorders and headaches.In this study, flowering branches of plant were collected from the greenhouse of the university of Sistan and Baluchestan in March 2016. The methanol, ethanol, and aqueous extracts of plant were obtained by using maceration method. The amount of total phenolic, flavonoid and anthocyanin contents were evaluated by spectrophotometric methods and the antioxidant activity of the extracts were determined by FRAP and DPPH methods. The results were showed that the phenolic and flavonoid contents different of methanol, ethanol and aqueous extracts were (82.10, 71.8and33.65 mg GAE/g) and (34.02, 28.8and1.02mg QUE/g), respectively. In the evaluation of antioxidant activity by DPPH, the inhibitory power of methanol, ethanol and aqueous extracts were (11.60, 34.93 and 298.96 μg/ml) respectively, and (14.23, 8.20 and 1.01 mM Fe2+/ mg) respectively, sample in FRAP assay. The methanol extract of plant had the greatest content of phenolic (82.10 mg GAE / g), flavonoids (34.02 mg QUE/g) and anthocyanin(113.55μg/g) and antioxidant activity compared to ethanol and aqueous extracts, especially it also had the greatest DPPH inhibitory power (IC50= 11.60 μg/ml). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - The study of salinity stress influence on some morphological, biochemical and antioxidant responses of Securigera securidaca L.
Fateme Mirvakili Asghar Mosleh Arani Mohammad Reza Sarafraz Ardakani Hamid Sodaei-ZadehIn this research in order to study of stress influence(4, 8 and 12 ds/m of NaCl ) on some morphological, biochemical and antioxidantactivity of Securigera securidaca L. based on a randomized complete design with three replications, the seeds of plant were provided MoreIn this research in order to study of stress influence(4, 8 and 12 ds/m of NaCl ) on some morphological, biochemical and antioxidantactivity of Securigera securidaca L. based on a randomized complete design with three replications, the seeds of plant were provided from Esfahan Pakan Bazr Institute and were grown in growth chamber located in Yazd University during September, 2014. Biochemical and antioxidant traits were measured spectrophotometrically. Results were showed that some morphological traits significantly decreased when salinity were increased. The pigments content were not significantly affected by different levels of salinity. Proline, total soluble sugar, flavonoid and anthocyanin content significantly increased in highest level of salinity in compared with other salinity and control treatments. Malondialdehyde (MDA) significantly increased in salinity of 12 ds/m while the most significant activity of DPPH scavenging and superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX) and catalase (CAT) enzymes were showed in salinity of 8 ds/m. in concluded, due to non-significant changes of morphological, biochemical and antioxidant traits in salinity of 4 ds/m especially, it may be suggested that Securiger securidaca L. is a semi-tolerant genotype under salt stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Biochemical variation of phenolic and anthocyanin contents occurrence in pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruit juices among 25 genotypes of pomegranate cultivar "Malas"
Seyed Abbas Mirjalili mehdi ghabooli elahe Poorazizi mitra aghajaniPomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is a native plant of Iran which cultivated throughout the country. Various metabolites and bioactive compounds have been reported from it. The plant has highly antioxidant potentials and possesses considerable phenolic ingredients. In or MorePomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is a native plant of Iran which cultivated throughout the country. Various metabolites and bioactive compounds have been reported from it. The plant has highly antioxidant potentials and possesses considerable phenolic ingredients. In order to study physico-chemical properties and qualitative attributes of pomegranate fruit juices in 25 genotypes of cultivar Malas, as the most famous Iranian cultivar, the experiment was accomplished in Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute in Isfahan at October 2015. The fruits harvested from Pomegranate Genotypes Genetic Resources of Iran in yazd. Anthocyanin, polyphenol contents (by Folin-Ciocalteu), antioxidant capacity (by DPPH), total soluble solids and total acidity as the biochemical traits and taste, aril color, peel color, quality of aril color and aril quality as the qualitative characteristics were measured. Results showed that the highest acidity found in Malas Zoodras Kan and total soluble solids in Malas Naalout Baneh (18.53 Brix). Malas Nar Poost Ghermez Marivan had maximum antioxidant capacity. Malas Daneh Siah Bafgh and Malas Larz Galoubarik Ardestan had the highest contents of anthocyanin and polyphenols, respectively. Study of simple correlation among the attributes had no significant differences. According to the same conditions subjected to all plants in the collection, it concluded the premier genotypes could be used as applied purposes such as pomegranate anthocyanin production and/or high antioxidant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Effect of fulvic acid and amino acid on phenol, flavonoids, antioxidant activity and pigments of coriander medicinal plant (Coriandrum sativum L.)
Mohammed Hossein Aminifard mozhgan gholamy Hassan Bayat Farid MoradinezhadThe effects of applications of fulvic acid and amino acid on biochemical characteristics of coriander were evaluated under field conditions. Treatments were tow levels of amino acid (0 and 3 per thousand) and three levels of fulvic acid (0, 5 and 10 kg ha-1). The experi MoreThe effects of applications of fulvic acid and amino acid on biochemical characteristics of coriander were evaluated under field conditions. Treatments were tow levels of amino acid (0 and 3 per thousand) and three levels of fulvic acid (0, 5 and 10 kg ha-1). The experiment was designed as factorial arrangement based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research station of Faculty of Agriculture University of Birjand. The results showed that fulvic acid had significant effect on biochemical characteristics (antioxidant activity, flavonoids phenol, anthocyanin, carbohydrate, chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid), so that the highest of antioxidant activity (77.9 %) was obtained from with application of 10 kg/ ha fulvic acid and the lowest antioxidant activity (65.1 %) was observed from control treatment. Amino acid also affected the antioxidant activity, flavonoids, chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll content. The highest of flavonoids (8.13 mg/g) was obtained with application of 3 per thousand of amino acid. The results of interactions showed that fulvic acid and amino acid had significant effect on antioxidant activity, flavonoids, anthocyanin, chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll, so that, the highest of anthocyanin (1.84 mg/g) were obtained by with application of 3 per thousand of amino acid and 5kg ha-1 fulvic acid and the lowest of anthocyanin (0.87 mg/g) was observed from control treatment. In general, the results indicated a positive effect of fulvic acid and amino acid on the biochemical traits of coriander. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Investigating Effects of Industrial Pollution on the Accumulation of arsenic in Soil and Mallow Plant and Some Physiological and Biochemical Reactions of Malva neglecta L.
Zahra Arabi Zeinab ZahedIn order to investigate effects of industrial contaminants on some physiological and biochemical reactions of Malva neglecta L. a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in farms around the Bandar Gaz Industrial E MoreIn order to investigate effects of industrial contaminants on some physiological and biochemical reactions of Malva neglecta L. a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in farms around the Bandar Gaz Industrial Estate in Golestan province at spring, 2013. The first factor was the distance from the source of contamination in four levels (control, 100, 200 and 300m) and the second factor was the plant’s organ on two levels (shoot and root). The control plot was also located in the same area at a distance of 1000 meters from the source of contamination. In this study, the amount of Anthocyanin, total soluble sugar, flavonoid, protein, activities of Catalase and Peroxidase enzymes, Glycine Betaine, Arsenic and Cadmium of soil and plant were measured. The highest amount of Anthocyanin (6.37 µmol g-1 of shoot dry weight ), total soluble sugar (42.04 mg g-1 dry weight), Proline (15.55 µmol g-1 of shoot dry weight) and Glycine Betaine (46.97 μg g-1 dry weight) were related to the treatment of 200m distance from the source of contamination. The highest amount of protein (0.099 g kg-1 dry weight), Flavonoid (1.305 mg g-1 of shoot dry weight), Arsenic (515.37 mg kg-1 dry weight) and activities of Catalase and Peroxidase enzymes (8.84 and 25.62 μmol H2O2 min-1 respectively) were obtained in the treatment of 100m distance from the source of contamination. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Effects of different levels of humic acid and planting density on antioxidant activity and biochemical properties of Trigonella foenum- graecum L.
Mohammed Hossein Aminifard homeyra. ghaderiFenugreek (Trigonellafoenum- graecum L.) is one of the significant medicinal plants and application of organic materials is very important for achieving maximum yields of that. In this study, the effects of applications of humic acid and planting density on biochemical MoreFenugreek (Trigonellafoenum- graecum L.) is one of the significant medicinal plants and application of organic materials is very important for achieving maximum yields of that. In this study, the effects of applications of humic acid and planting density on biochemical characteristics of fenugreek were evaluated under field conditions. Treatments were of three levels of humic acid (0.5 and 10 kg ha-1) and two plant density (25 and 50 plants/m2). This experiment was carried out as factorial based on randomized completely block design with three replications in research farm of University of Birjand, Iran, during growing season 2016.The leaves` antioxidant compounds (antioxidant activity, total phenol and anthocyanin) were recorded at flowering stage. The results were showed that humic acid had significant effect on most biochemical characteristics(antioxidant activity, flavonoid content, total phenol and carbohydrate). The highest of antioxidant activity (64. 67%) and carbohydrate (6.73 mg/g) were observed in 10 kg/ha humicacid, while the lowest antioxidant activity (50.03%) and carbohydrate (3.45 mg/g) were recorded in control. Also, the humic acid uses significantly increased photosynthetic pigments (total chlorophyll, a, b and carotenoids). The highest and the lowest total chlorophyll content were observed (4.51 mg /g) in 10 kg/ha humic acid andcontrol (3.18 mg/g), respectively. Based on the results, the highest flavonoid content (6.43 mg/g) was obtained in the plant density of 25 plants /m2, whereas the lowest flavonoid content (5.46 mg /g) was in planting density of 50 plants /m 2. There were significant differences in the total phenolic and flavonoid content due to interaction plant density and humic acid treatments, in which the highest amount of total phenolic content (42.07 mg/g) was observed in 10 kg/ha humic acid with the plant density of 25 plants /m2.and the lowest content was recorded (41.86 mg /g) in the control with density of 25 plants /m 2. According to the results, using 10 kg ha-1 of humic acid and planting density of 25 plants/ m2 had a significant role in increasing biochemical characteristics of fenugreek. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Evaluation antioxidant activity and phytochemical constituents of the fruit of raspberry (Rubus ulmifolius sub sp. sanctus) collected from Khan-Daracy area of Orumieh
shirin Rahmanzadeh Ishkeh Mohammadreza asghari habib shirzad Abolfazl AlirezaluThe raspberry (Rubus ulmifolius subsp. Sanctus) is the perennial shrub in the genus Rubus of the Rosacea family. It is a medicinal and edible fruit throughout much of Khandaracy region of Urmia. Raspberry fruits are most important in food and medicinal sciences due to t MoreThe raspberry (Rubus ulmifolius subsp. Sanctus) is the perennial shrub in the genus Rubus of the Rosacea family. It is a medicinal and edible fruit throughout much of Khandaracy region of Urmia. Raspberry fruits are most important in food and medicinal sciences due to their excellent antioxidant activity and various flavonoids and proanthocyanin content. In this research, after harvesting fruits from the Khandaracy region of Urmia in the late summer, pH level by pH meter, organic acids by titration with 0.1 molar NaOH, Soluble solids using a refractometer, total phenolic content (by using Folin–Ciocalteu assays), total flavonoid content (aluminum chloride method), antioxidant capacity by two methods (DPPH and FRAP), total anthociyanin content (pH differential method), L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and (guaiacol peroxidase) G-POD enzymes were determined. The results showed that level pH, organic acids and soluble solids were respectively 3.13, 1.14, 12.6, also values of total phenol content, total flavonoid, antioxidant activity and total anthocyanin content were 26.44 mg GAE.ml-1 Extract, 1.99 mg Qu. ml-1 extract, 55.29 % and 63.78 cyanidin-3-glucoside ml-1 Extract respectively. The results of this study showed that raspberry fruit has high content of polyphenol compounds and has significant antioxidant activity, so it can be used in food and pharmaceutical industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Phytochemical and antioxidant activity of some of Morus alba L. Var. Nigra genotypes in West and East Azerbaijan province
Sakineh MoradkhaniBlackberry (Morus alba L. Var. Nigra) has phytochemical compounds and antioxidant activity. In the present study, the fruits of four blackberry genotypes were harvested from two West and East Azerbaijan in mid-July 2017. Phytochemical indices were evaluated based on the MoreBlackberry (Morus alba L. Var. Nigra) has phytochemical compounds and antioxidant activity. In the present study, the fruits of four blackberry genotypes were harvested from two West and East Azerbaijan in mid-July 2017. Phytochemical indices were evaluated based on the content of total phenol (folate sizing method), total anthocyanin and antioxidant activity (DPPH). To separate, identify and determine the amount of phenolic acids and sugars a high-performance liquid chromatography device (HPLC) was used. Data analysis was performed by Duncan's multiple range test at the probability level of 1%. According to the variance analysis results, the measured traits were significant at the level of 1% and a high diversity was observed among the measured traits. The highest amount of antioxidants was 78.04 %, total anthocyanin and total phenol were 6.24 mg/ml and 925.98 mg/100 g fresh weight equivalent to gallic acid, respectively. In the current study, 9 polyphenolic compounds were identified in the fruit extract by HPLC. The main constituents included chlorogenic acid (60.060), coumaric acid (8.807) and caffeic acid (3.657) microgram per gram. In addition, in extracts, cinnamic acid (0.355), rosemary acid (0.055), gallic acid (2.59), rutin (0.833), apagenin (2.700), quercetin (1.861) microgram per gram were identified and also two sugars of fructose (5.84) and glucose (6.31) g per 100 g of fresh weight were reported. The results showed that in all genotypes, glucose was higher than fructose. The first genotype with the highest amount of antioxidant capacity, fructose, total phenol, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, quercetin and apagenin was introduced as the superior breed. The findings of this study is useful for understanding the diversity and efforts to select berries for breeding as well as for the food industry in selecting cultivars with high nutritional properties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Effect of silicon on some growth, physiological and phytochemical properties of Cannabis sativa L. in soil and soilless culture
Fatemeh Beheshti sarah khorasaninejadCannabis sativa L. is a promising product for the production of special herbal medicines. Silicon is also a very important element in improving plant performance in a variety of environmental conditions. Soilless culture systems are one of the most important technologie MoreCannabis sativa L. is a promising product for the production of special herbal medicines. Silicon is also a very important element in improving plant performance in a variety of environmental conditions. Soilless culture systems are one of the most important technologies in the world for adverse environmental environments. Based on a two-factor factorial in a completely randomized design with four silicon treatments with concentrations of zero, 0.75, 1.5 and 2.25 mmol and three replications in four culture media (soil and sand (soil derivatives), soil and vermicompost compost (soil derivatives), perlite (hydroponics), perlite and cocopeat (hydroponics) were applied. After vegetative growth is complete, growth, morphophysiological and phytochemical indices including root and shoot length (ruler), fresh weight of shoot and root, dry weight of shoot and root, relative leaf moisture (scales), leaf area (leaf surface), photosynthetic pigments and anthocyanins, sugar, phenol, flavonoids, antioxidant activity (spectrophotometer), some leaf and root elements (flame photometer) were measured. The results showed that the culture system had a significant effect on all measured traits (except flavonoids) and the application of silicon improved many phytochemical traits and yield components with concentrations of 1.5 and 2.25 in this plant. It is noteworthy that silicon in hydroponic systems improved the growth traits and absorption of elements, but in the culture medium of soil derivatives, increased the phytochemical traits of flavonoids and anthocyanins. The results can indicate that the use of hydroponic culture media increases the yield, while in soil media due to some limitations, especially the absorption of elements, non-enzymatic antioxidant compounds such as phenolic acid increase. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Evaluation of the morphological, phytochemical and antioxidant capacity of fruit in pomegranate (Punica granatum) the cultivar of Toosefid Gorgan in comparison with two commercial cultivars
Mansour Ajami Esmaeil Seifi Ferial Varasteh Sadegh AtashiPomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is an unrivaled crop in Iran and is grown in large quantities in most parts of the country. In this study, three cultivars of Toosefid, Kolbad and Malas Saveh were studied for different characteristics. The fruits were randomly picked fr MorePomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is an unrivaled crop in Iran and is grown in large quantities in most parts of the country. In this study, three cultivars of Toosefid, Kolbad and Malas Saveh were studied for different characteristics. The fruits were randomly picked from a standard orchard in the northern fields of Gorgan, based on the commercial harvest index, immediately transported to the laboratory and examined for morphological, phytochemical and antioxidant properties. There were significant differences between cultivars in terms of all the studied traits at the level of one or five percent probability. The results showed that the highest fruit weight (391.20 g), fruit diameter, length to fruit diameter, fruit volume, skin thickness, skin moisture, crown length, crown diameter, aril length, aril diameter, total soluble solids, glucose (13.47 mg/100 g) and fructose (12.88 mg/100 g) were related to Gorgan Toosefid cultivar and the highest amount of anthocyanin (0.43 µmol/g) and vitamin C (2.42 mg/100 ml) belonged to Malas Saveh cultivar and the highest amount of pH (4.03), electrical conductivity (4.46 mmohs/cm), acidity (0.174%) and antioxidants (81.31%) belonged to Kolbad cultivar. According to the results, the forgotten cultivar of Toosefid Gorgan has distinct and useful properties and its development and consumption will play an important role in human health. Re-introducing this cultivar can save it from the danger of extinction and permanent oblivion and encourage gardeners and experts to reproduce and grow it and also do research on it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Evaluation of physiologicaland phytochemical traits in four different species of Alcea spp. collected from central region of Iran
Bita Sharifi Kramatollah Saeidi Behrouz Shiran Ehsan Shahbazi Zahra Lorigooini Mahshid RahimifardIn view of enriched secondary metabolites in Alcea L., this study was carried out in order to determine and compare thebioactive compounds and their correlation with antioxidant activity in flowers and roots of different species of Alcea Seeds of different ecotypes of A MoreIn view of enriched secondary metabolites in Alcea L., this study was carried out in order to determine and compare thebioactive compounds and their correlation with antioxidant activity in flowers and roots of different species of Alcea Seeds of different ecotypes of Alcea collected from Isfahan, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Lorestan, and Markazi provinces. The study was arranged in a randomized complete block design in the Research Farm of Shahrekord University in summer 2018. Herbarium specimen were prepared and transferred to the Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, and ultimately four different species of A. rufecense, A. schiraziana, A. lavateriflora, and A. rechingeri were identified. Physiological traits including percentage of extract and mucilage of flowers and roots were measured along with phytochemical traits, namely total phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and antioxidant activity of flowers using spectrophotometry. The results of analysis of variance indicated a significant difference between species and ecotypes (P≤0.01). Results of mean comparisons showed the highest percentage of extract, mucilage, total phenolics, and flavonoids contents were recorded in flowers of A. rufecense species. Also, tthe highest root mucilage and total anthocyanins contents and also the lowest IC50 of the flowers were recorded in A. lavateriflora species. In addition, the highest percentage of flower extract, root mucilage, flower mucilage, and total flavonoid content were observed in Sch6, Rech3, Ruf1, Sch4, respectively. Also, the highest total phenol and anthocyanin content and the lowest IC50 of flowers were observed in Lav4. Findings suggest that physiological and phytochemical studies can be used along with morphological studies for more accurate identification of ecotypes and species. It was also found that this plant is a very rich and affordable source of mucilage and antioxidant compounds, and by choosing the suitable species and ecotype, the highest number of these compounds can be achieved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Morphological, physicochemical and antioxidant comparison of medicinal date-plum fruit (Diospyros lotus L.) in three regions of Hyrcanian forests
Mohammad Emadoddini اسماعیل سیفیThe Hyrcanian forests, located along the southern shores of the Caspian Sea, are a unique and ancient ecosystem. To preserve their genetic reserves, it is essential to examine the diversity of medicinal plants in these forests, including the date-plum or wild persimmon MoreThe Hyrcanian forests, located along the southern shores of the Caspian Sea, are a unique and ancient ecosystem. To preserve their genetic reserves, it is essential to examine the diversity of medicinal plants in these forests, including the date-plum or wild persimmon (Diospyros lotus L.). The aim of this research was to evaluate the native date-plum fruit harvested from three regions of the Hyrcanian forests including Gorgan, Aliabad, and Behshahr in terms of morphological, physicochemical, and antioxidant traits. Fruit samples were collected in November 2021 during commercial-local harvest and evaluated. The obtained results showed that the highest fruit weight, diameter, and volume were recorded in samples collected from Behshahr, while the lowest weight, length, diameter, and fruit volume were observed in fruits belonging to Gorgan. This research indicated that fruits collected from Behshahr were more elongated compared to Gorgan and Aliabad. The comparison of qualitative traits confirmed that the highest acidity and vitamin C content were observed in Behshahr; on the other hand, the highest pH and total soluble solids were recorded in the fruit samples of Gorgan. The maximum total phenol and flavonoid was related to Aliabad and Behshahr. Finally, the highest total anthocyanin and antioxidant capacity was observed in Gorgan. Furthermore, this study found that fruit weight had a significant positive correlation with acidity but showed a significant negative correlation with pH and antioxidant capacity. Also, Fruit acidity had a significant negative correlation with antioxidant capacity and total anthocyanin. In contrast, pH and total soluble solids showed a significant positive correlation with total anthocyanin. In general, a great diversity was observed among the medicinal fruit of the wild date-plum collected from the three investigated regions in Hyrcanian forests with regard to the morphological, physicochemical, and antioxidant activity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - The Effect of UV-C Radiation Compare to Pasteurization on the Qualitative and Microbial Properties in Red Grape Juice
Mohammad Goli Marzieh Taheri sharifeh ShahiThis study has investigated the effect of UV-C radiation at doses of 8, 15 and 30 W compare to pasteurization (LTLT) on turbidity and total phenol content changes of red grape juice immediately after processing, and some chemical (pH, acidity, ascorbic acid, anthocyanin MoreThis study has investigated the effect of UV-C radiation at doses of 8, 15 and 30 W compare to pasteurization (LTLT) on turbidity and total phenol content changes of red grape juice immediately after processing, and some chemical (pH, acidity, ascorbic acid, anthocyanins, antioxidant capacity, and color), and microbial (mold and yeast) properties during the period of 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days of storage at room temperature. Eleven treatments were given, including UV-C treatments at 2, 6, and 10 minutes, as well as dosages of 8, 15, and 30 watts, with a control and a pasteurized grape juice sample. The results showed that overtime in during storage, the Brix values decreased, and also the irradiated samples at a dose of 30 W for 2 and 6 min showed the lowest Brix values. When compared to shorter irradiation intervals, irradiating grape juice for 10 minutes reduced acidity and increased pH. Irradiated grape juice had higher ascorbic acid, anthocyanin, total phenol, and antioxidant activity compared to pasteurized samples. Irradiated samples showed higher antioxidant activity at the end of the storage period compared to other treatments. UV-C radiation compare to pasteurization was able to prevent the turbidity and color changes in red grape juice. In terms of quality and microbiological features, 30 watt treatments for 6 and 10 minutes were favored above other treatments. Overall, UV-C radiation as a suitable alternative to the usual pasteurization led to better preservation of the qualitative and microbial properties of red grape juice. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی، ترکیبات پلی فنولی و همبستگی بین آنها در کاسبرگ گیاه چای ترش
حکیمه علومی شهریار شاکری مجید بهزادیمقدمه و هدف: عصاره کاسبرگ چای ترش غنی از ترکیبات آنتی اکسیدانی طبیعی میباشد. در این پژوهش بررسی همبستگی فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی و ترکیبات فنولی گیاه چای ترش مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. روش تحقیق: محتوای ترکیبات فنولی کل، فلاونوئیدها و آنتوسیانین ها بصورت اسپکتروفتومتری بررسی Moreمقدمه و هدف: عصاره کاسبرگ چای ترش غنی از ترکیبات آنتی اکسیدانی طبیعی میباشد. در این پژوهش بررسی همبستگی فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی و ترکیبات فنولی گیاه چای ترش مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. روش تحقیق: محتوای ترکیبات فنولی کل، فلاونوئیدها و آنتوسیانین ها بصورت اسپکتروفتومتری بررسی شد. فعالیت آنزیم های کاتالاز و پروکسیداز در میلی گرم پروتئین محاسبه شد. فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی عصاره بر اساس روش فسفومولیبدات، درصد مهارDPPH و قدرت احیا فریک مورد بررسی قرارگرفت. نتایج و بحث: کاسبرگ چای ترش غنی از ترکیبات فنولی، فلاونوئیدها و آنتوسیانین میباشد. فعالیت کاتالاز و پراکسیداز معادل 13/3 و 05/0 واحد در میلی گرم پروتئین بود. بر اساس روش DPPH فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی عصاره کاسبرگ بسیار بالا میباشد. آزمون همبستگی بین پارامترهای مورد بررسی انجام شد. نتایج همبستگی وجود رابطه بین محتوای ترکیبات فنولی، فلاونوئیدها، آنتوسیانینها و ظرفیت انتی اکسیدانی کاسبرگ گیاه چای ترش را در سطح احتمال 5% تایید میکند. توصیههای کاربردی: عصاره کاسبرگ چای ترش غنی از ترکیبات آنتی اکسیدانی شامل ترکیبات فنولی، فلاونوئیدها و آنتوسیانین میباشد. براساس روش های سنجش ظرفت آنتی اکسیدانی، کاسبرگها فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی قابل قبولی دارند. بنابراین، عصاره این گیاه بعنوان منبع طبیعی ترکیبات اکسیدان قابل استفاده در صنایع غذایی و داروی گیاهی معرفی میگردد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - بررسی تنوع ناحیه ای در کلکسیون عناب ایرانی بر اساس ظرفیت پاداکسایشی و ویژگیهای فنلیک
علی عزیزی مریم پیربداقیمقدمه و هدف: میوه های گیاه عناب(Ziziphus jujuba) دارای ویژگیهای سلامتی بخش و خواص دارویی است. استفاده از عناب به عنوان یک گیاه دارویی برای درمان برخی بیماریها در طب سنتی ایرانی تاریخ دیرینه ای دارد. در این پژوهش تنوع میان 29 نمونه ثبت شده از هفت استان موجود د Moreمقدمه و هدف: میوه های گیاه عناب(Ziziphus jujuba) دارای ویژگیهای سلامتی بخش و خواص دارویی است. استفاده از عناب به عنوان یک گیاه دارویی برای درمان برخی بیماریها در طب سنتی ایرانی تاریخ دیرینه ای دارد. در این پژوهش تنوع میان 29 نمونه ثبت شده از هفت استان موجود در کلکسیون عناب ایران بر اساس ویژگیهایی شامل ظرفیت پاداکسایشی، محتوای فنل کل، فلاونوئید و آنتوسیانین کل مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. روش تحقیق: عصاره گیری از میوه های عناب با استفاده از متانل (85%) انجام شد. آنالیز DPPH جهت اندازه گیری ظرفیت پاداکسایشی مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. جهت سنجش میزان فنل کل، روش مبتنی بر فولین سیکالتیو به کار رفت و مقدار فلاونوئید کل بر اساس روش رنگ سنجی کلرید آلومنیوم تعیین شد. برای اندازه گیری محتوای آنتوسیانین کل از روش ضریب تغییر اسیدیته استفاده شد. نتایج و بحث: نتایج آنالیز واریانس نشان داد که نمونه های گیاهی از عناب های مورد آزمایش، یک تفاوت و گوناگونی بالایی(با سطح احتمال ا%) در تمامی صفات فیتوشیمیایی اندازه گیری شده دارند. آنالیز تجزیه به مولفه های اصلی(PCA) بر اساس چهار ویژگی مذکور این تنوع گسترده را تایید کرد و همچنین نمونه های گیاهی را به سه گروه مجزا تفکیک نمود. نمونه گیاهی حمیدآباد ساری (مازندران)، بیاضیه (اصفهان) و کوهپایه 2 (اصفهان) به ترتیب در ویژگیهای محتوای فنل کل، فلاونوئید و آنتوسیانین کل نسبت به بقیه گیاهان برتری داشتند. از طرف دیگر نمونه اردستان (اصفهان)، قاضی اولیا (قم) و مارون (قم) ظرفیت پاداکسایشی بالا داشتند. رابطه همبستگی معنی داری بین محتوای فنل کل و ظرفیت پاداکسایشی یافت نشد. توصیه کاربردی- صنعتی: یافته های این پژوهش نشان داد که ژنوتیپ و مکان رویش عناب تاثیر زیادی بر پتانسیل پاداکسایشی و ویژگیهای فنلیک آن دارد. آگاهی از تنوع یافت شده در این پژوهش، می تواند در بهره برداری بهتر این گیاه در داروسازی و هدایت بهتر برنامه های بهنژادی عناب کمک نماید. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - The Impact of UV-B Radiation on Some Metabolites and Pigments of Carum Copticum Under In vitro Culture
Ghasem Mehranzadeh Amir Hossein Forghani Roya Razavizadeh -
Open Access Article
46 - Variations in phytochemical properties of seedy barberry Berberis integerrima L. grown in different habitats of Kerman
Iman Tavakoli Kaghaz fatemeh Nakhaei Seyedgholamreza Mosavi Mohammadjavad Seghatoleslami -
Open Access Article
47 - Response of peppermint to methyl jasmonate application .
Soheila Afkar -
Open Access Article
48 - ویژگیهای فیزیولوژیکی دو رقم رز (Rosa hybrida L.) تحت سطوح مختلف سایهدهی در شرایط گلخانهای
منصوره حاتمیان حسن صالحیدر بسیاری مناطق ایران شدت نور در طول تابستان می­تواند منجر به تنش نوری در گیاهان تحت شرایط گلخانه و هوای آزاد شود. علی­رغم اینکه رزها جهت رشد بهینه مکان­های آفتابی را می­پسندند، اما در عمل به صورت تجربی مقداری سایه­دهی در تولید رزهای گلخانه­ای در Moreدر بسیاری مناطق ایران شدت نور در طول تابستان می­تواند منجر به تنش نوری در گیاهان تحت شرایط گلخانه و هوای آزاد شود. علی­رغم اینکه رزها جهت رشد بهینه مکان­های آفتابی را می­پسندند، اما در عمل به صورت تجربی مقداری سایه­دهی در تولید رزهای گلخانه­ای در بین کشاورزان منطقه جهت بهبود کیفیت گل تولیدی اعمال می­شود. یافتن شدت نوری که ارقام مختلف رز عملکرد و کیفیت مطلوب را تولید کنند بسیار ضروری است. در مطالعه حاضر شدت­ نورهای مختلف برای دو رقم رز "Red One" و “Gulmira” بوسیله سطوح مختلف سایه­دهی 1200، 640، 520 و 240 میکرومول بر مترمربع بر ثانیه بوسیله توری­های پلاستیکی سبز رنگ بکار رفت. نتایج نشان داد که غلظت پروتئین برگ، فعالیت پراکسیداز، مقادیر کربوهیدراتها و غلظت آنتوسیانین گلبرگ به طور معنی­داری تحت تأثیر سطوح سایه­دهی قرار گرفتند. بالاترین غلظت پروتئین در تیمار شدت نور 640 میکرومول بر مترمربع بر ثانیه بدست آمد. بالاترین غلظت آنتوسیانین گلبرگها در رقم “Red One” و تحت شدت نور 520 میکرومول بر مترمربع بر ثانیه بدست آمد. در رقم “Gulmira” نیز بیشترین مقدار آنتوسیانین در همین شدت نور بدست آمد ولی تفاوت آماری با دیگر تیمارهای سایه­دهی نداشتند. بیشترین غلظت کربوهیدراتهای برگ در شدت نور 520 میکرومول بر مترمربع بر ثانیه بدست آمد. نتایج بطور کلی بیانگر آن است که وقتی شدت نور بالاست، سایه­دهی تا یک شدت نور حدود 520 میکرومول بر مترمربع بر ثانیه می­تواند منجر به بهبود کیفی گل رز شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - اثر محیط کشت و محلولپاشی با نانوکود کلسیم بر کیفیت و برخی خصوصیات گل شاخه بریده ژربرا
لیلا محمدباقری داوود نادریبه منظور بررسی تأثیر محیط کشت و محلولپاشی نانو کود کلسیم بر کیفیت گل شاخه بریده ژربرا، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 7 تیمار بستر و سه تیمار نانو کود کلسیم در سه تکرار انجام شد. محیط های کشت عبارت بودند از: کوکوپیت + پرلایت (1:1)، پیت­ماس + Moreبه منظور بررسی تأثیر محیط کشت و محلولپاشی نانو کود کلسیم بر کیفیت گل شاخه بریده ژربرا، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 7 تیمار بستر و سه تیمار نانو کود کلسیم در سه تکرار انجام شد. محیط های کشت عبارت بودند از: کوکوپیت + پرلایت (1:1)، پیت­ماس + پرلایت (1:1)، کمپوست مصرف شده قارچ + پرلایت (1:1)، پیت­ماس + کوکوپیت + پرلایت (1:1:2)، کمپوست مصرف شده قارچ + پیت­ماس + پرلایت (1:1:2)، کمپوست مصرف شده قارچ + کوکوپیت + پرلایت (1:1:2) و کمپوست مصرف شده قارچ به تنهایی. غلظت های نانوکود کلسیم صفر، 1 و 2 میلی گرم در لیتر بود. نتایج نشان داد تیمارهای مختلف بستر اثر معنیداری بر روی قطر گل، قطر گردن گل و عمر گلجای داشت. بیشترین قطر گل و قطر گردن گل در بستر پیت + پرلیت (1:1)، بیشترین وزن تر گل در بستر کوکوپیت + کمپوست مصرف شده قارچ + پرلیت (2:1:1) و بیشترین عمر گلجایی در بسترهای پیت­ماس + کوکوپیت + پرلیت (2:1:1) مشاهده شد. تیمار نانو کود کلسیم بر عمر گلجایی و کیفیت گل اثر معنیداری داشت، به­طوری که با افزایش غلظت نانو کود کلسیم، عمر گلجایی افزایش یافت. در مورد اثرمتقابل بستر و نانو کود کلسیم، بیشترین تعداد گل در محیط کشت پیت­ماس + کمپوست قارچ + پرلیت (2:1:1) بدون نانوکود کلسیم و بیشترین آنتوسیانین در بستر پیت + کوکوپیت + پرلیت (2:1:1) بدون نانوکود کلسیم مشاهده شد. در بقیه صفات اثرمتقابل معنی داری بین دو فاکتور مشاهده نشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - بررسی اثر کود پتاسمی زیستی و شیمیایی روی خصوصیات کمی و کیفی پروانش (Catharanthus roseus Cv. ‘Acillata’)
مریم جدید سلیماندارابی داود هاشم آبادی فاطمه زارع دوستمطالعه حاضر بهمنظور بررسی اثر کود پتاسه زیستی و شیمیایی روی خصوصیات کمی و کیفی پروانش انجام شد. بدینمنظور آزمایشی فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با 2 فاکتور: 1) روش­های مختلف کاربرد کود بیولوژیک پتاسه (شاهد (B0)، بذرمال (B1)، ریشه مال (B2)، بذرمال × ریشه Moreمطالعه حاضر بهمنظور بررسی اثر کود پتاسه زیستی و شیمیایی روی خصوصیات کمی و کیفی پروانش انجام شد. بدینمنظور آزمایشی فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با 2 فاکتور: 1) روش­های مختلف کاربرد کود بیولوژیک پتاسه (شاهد (B0)، بذرمال (B1)، ریشه مال (B2)، بذرمال × ریشهمال (B3)) و 2) سطوح مختلف پتاسیم شیمیایی (0 (K0)، 100 (K1)، 200 (K2) و 300 (K3) میلیگرم در لیتر) در 3 تکرار و 48 واحد آزمایشی اجرا شد. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین عمر گلدانی متعلق به تیمار ریشهمال × 100 میلیگرم در لیتر پتاسیم شیمیایی (58/35 روز) بود. بیشترین تعداد شاخه جانبی (66/3)، تعداد برگ (88/42)، وزن تر بوته (69/17 گرم)، تعداد گل (46/4) و کلروفیل a (61/10 میلیگرم در هر گرم وزن تر) به تیمار بذرمال × 300 میلیگرم در لیتر پتاسیم شیمیایی اختصاص داشت. تیمار ریشه مال × 200 میلی­گرم در لیتر پتاسیم شیمیایی برترین تیمار در صفت پتاسیم گیاه (9/28 میلی­گرم در کیلوگرم) بود. بیشترین مقدار آنتوسیانین گلبرگ (04/178 میلیگرم در 100 گرم وزن خشک) در تیمار "بذرمال × ریشهمال" × بدون پتاسیم شیمیایی مشاهده شد. مناسبترین تیمار جهت بهبود خصوصیات کمی و کیفی گل پروانش تیمار بذرها با کود بیولوژیک و 300 میلی­گرم در لیتر پتاسیم شیمیایی معرفی می­شود. Manuscript profile -
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51 - تاثیر منابع کود نیتروژنه بر عملکرد و ویژگیهای کیفی گل داوودی
لمیا وجودی مهربانیبه منظور بررسی تاثیر کود نیتروژنه بر رشد گیاه، آزمایش فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی شامل دو رقم داودی (’فرد‘ و ’آنجل‘) و دو منبع کودی: اوره (750 و 1500 گرم بر هکتار) و نیتروکسین (75/0 و 5/1 لیتر بر هکتار) به همراه تیمار شاهد در سه تکر Moreبه منظور بررسی تاثیر کود نیتروژنه بر رشد گیاه، آزمایش فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی شامل دو رقم داودی (’فرد‘ و ’آنجل‘) و دو منبع کودی: اوره (750 و 1500 گرم بر هکتار) و نیتروکسین (75/0 و 5/1 لیتر بر هکتار) به همراه تیمار شاهد در سه تکرار اجرا شد. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین میزان کاروتنوئید گلبرگ و وزن خشک ریشه در تیمار 5/1 لیتر نیتروکسین و کمترین میزان فنل کل در تیمار شاهد در رقم ’آنجل‘ مشاهده شد. بالاترین میزان کلروفیل a در تیمارهای نیتروکسین (5/1 لیتر) در رقم ’فرد‘ و اوره (1500 گرم بر هکتار) در رقم ’آنجل‘ مشاهده شد. کمترین میزان کلروفیل b در تیمار 1500 گرم بر هکتار اوره در رقم ’آنجل‘ مشاهده شد. افزایش در وزن خشک ساقه (5/1 لیتر نیتروکسین و 1500 گرم بر هکتار اوره) در رقم ’فرد‘ مشاهده شد. بیشترین میزان آنتوسیانین (3/19 میکرومول بر گرم وزن تر) در رقم (آنجل) ثبت شد. محتوای آنتوسیانین همچنین تحت تاثیر و تیمار کودی (1500 گرم بر هکتار و اوره (2/19 میکرومول بر گرم وزن تر ) و 15 لیتر در هکتار نیتروکسین (4/18 میکرومول بر گرم وزن­تر) تاثیر معنی داری در محتوای آنتوسیانین نمونهها داشت. با افزایش میزان کود در هر دو منبع کودی افزایش در وزن تر گل، وزن تر ریشه و تعداد شاخه مشاهده شد. Manuscript profile -
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52 - بررسی کاربرد اسید هیومیک بر برخی ویژگی های مورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی رز مینیاتور
پروین طالبی Zohreh Jabbarzadehدر سال های اخیر، استفاده بیش از حد از کودهای شیمیایی و کمبود مواد آلی سبب کاهش میزان ماده آلی خاک در ایران شده است. افزایش استفاده از کودهای شیمیایی در کشاورزی سبب ایجاد مسائل زیست محیطی نظیر تخریب فیزیکی خاک و به هم خوردن تعادل غذایی خاک شده است. از این رو در حال حاضر، Moreدر سال های اخیر، استفاده بیش از حد از کودهای شیمیایی و کمبود مواد آلی سبب کاهش میزان ماده آلی خاک در ایران شده است. افزایش استفاده از کودهای شیمیایی در کشاورزی سبب ایجاد مسائل زیست محیطی نظیر تخریب فیزیکی خاک و به هم خوردن تعادل غذایی خاک شده است. از این رو در حال حاضر، کاربرد کودهای آلی افزایش می یابد. به منظور بررسی اثرات کاربرد اسید هیومیک بر برخی ویژگی های مورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی رز مینیاتور رقم هفت رنگ، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با دو فاکتور غلظت اسید هیومیک در چهار سطح (0، 500، 1000 و 2000 میلی گرم در لیتر) و نحوه کاربرد آن به دو شیوه (کاربرد خاکی و محلولپاشی برگی) 5 بار با فاصله 15 روز یکبار با 3 تکرار و 2 مشاهده انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که اسید هیومیک سبب افزایش میزان آنتوسیانین و قندهای محلول برگ ها شد. محلولپاشی برگی 500 میلی گرم در لیتر اسید هیومیک، به طور معنی داری میزان کلروفیل و فتوسنتز را افزایش داد. همچنین محلولپاشی برگی با 1000 میلی گرم در لیتر اسید هیومیک، میزان قندهای محلول را بیش از سایر تیمارها افزایش داد. اسید هیومیک تاثیر معنی داری بر شاخص سطح برگ و وزن تر ریشه ها داشت. در مجموع به نظر می رسد تغذیه گیاهان با اسید هیومیک سبب بهبود ویژگی های مورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی گل رز مینیاتور گردد. Manuscript profile -
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53 - تغییر در رنگدانه و ترکیب رنگ گل با استفاده از تیمار هورمونی و ساکاروز در لاله رقم ’کینگز بلاد‘
یعقوب حجتی محمود شور علی تهرانی فر بهرام عابدیآزمایشی به­منظور بررسی اثر متقابل بین سه گروه از هورمون­های گیاهی و ساکارز برای تغییر ترکیب رنگ گل و متابولیت­های ثانویه گل لاله انجام شد. تغییرات مورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی گیاهان با استفاده از سه آزمایش جداگانه و توسط تیمار اسید آبسیزیک در غلظت 5 و 10 Moreآزمایشی به­منظور بررسی اثر متقابل بین سه گروه از هورمون­های گیاهی و ساکارز برای تغییر ترکیب رنگ گل و متابولیت­های ثانویه گل لاله انجام شد. تغییرات مورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی گیاهان با استفاده از سه آزمایش جداگانه و توسط تیمار اسید آبسیزیک در غلظت 5 و 10 میلی­گرم در لیتر، اسید جیبرلیک 300 و 500 میلی گرم در لیتر، اسید جاسمونیک 50 و 100 میکرو مولار و برهمکنش آن­ها با ساکاروز در غلظت 1 و 2 گرم در لیتر مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. با بررسی نمودارهای HPLCو طیف­سنجی یوی دتکتور مشخص شد که تولید متابولیت­های ثانویه، فلاونوئید کل و ترکیب رنگدانه­های آنتوسیانین تحت تاثیر تیمارهای هورمونی قرار گرفتند. با وجود اینکه تیمار ساکاروز به تنهایی قادر به تغییرات معنی­دار در ترکیب و مقدار متابولیت­های ثانویه نبود، اما اثرات متقابل آن با تیمار هورمونی، اسید آبسیزیک و اسید جاسمونیک تغییرات معنی­داری در میزان آنتوسیانین­ها و فلاونوئید کل ایجاد کرد. همچنین هر دو هورمون آبسیزیک اسید و جاسمونیک اسید تغییرات قابل­توجهی در افزایش میزان آنتوسیانین­ها و درصد رنگدانه سیانیدین و پلاگونیدین داشتند، اما در طرف دیگر سبب کاهش معنی­دار در پارامترهای رویشی و عمر پس از برداشت گل­ها شد. در تیمار با اسید جیبرلیک 500 میلی­گرم در لیتر بدون ساکاروز افزایش قابل­توجهی در میزان آنتوسیانین، عمر گل بریده و افزایش هر سه گروه آنتوسیانینی مشاهده شد. همچنین نتایج نشان داد بین اسید جیبرلیک و ساکاروز یک برهمکنش منفی در تنظیم تولید آنتوسیانین­ها وجود دارد.‏ Manuscript profile -
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54 - بررسی صفات مورفولوژیک و بیوشیمیایی گیاه همیشه بهار تحت تأثیر کودهای بیولوژیکی فسفر و روی
فرزاد جلالی داود نادریکاربرد کودهای بیولوژیک یکی از مهمترین اجزای مدیریت مواد مغذی است که نقش اساسی در کشاورزی پایدار و بهبود ویژگی­های کیفی گیاهان دارد. در این تحقیق، اثرات تیمارهای مختلفی از باکتری­های حل کننده فسفات از قبیل Pantoea agglomerans P5 و Pseudomonas putida P1 Moreکاربرد کودهای بیولوژیک یکی از مهمترین اجزای مدیریت مواد مغذی است که نقش اساسی در کشاورزی پایدار و بهبود ویژگی­های کیفی گیاهان دارد. در این تحقیق، اثرات تیمارهای مختلفی از باکتری­های حل کننده فسفات از قبیل Pantoea agglomerans P5 و Pseudomonas putida P13 (تلقیح بذر، استفاده از کود زیستی 2، 4 و 6 هفته پس از سبز شدن گیاه و عدم تلقیح بذر به عنوان تیمار شاهد) و محلول­پاشی برگی ZnSO4 (شاهد، 1، 2، و 3 گرم بر لیتر) بر صفات مورفولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی گیاه همیشه بهار ارزیابی شد. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین ارتفاع گیاه و وزن تر گل در گیاهان تحت تیمار تلقیح بذر با کود بیولوژیک فسفر × 2 گرم بر لیتر سولفات روی و همچنین در گیاهان تحت تیمار با کود زیستی در 2 هفته پس از سبز شدن × 1 و 2 گرم بر لیتر از ZnSO4 مشاهده شد. همچنین بیشترین وزن خشک گل و درصد آنتوسیانین تحت تیمار کاربرد کود زیستی در 2 و 4 هفته بعد از سبز شدن گیاه × 1 و 2 گرم بر لیتر از ZnSO4 بدست آمد. بیشترین مقدار فسفر در تیمار کود زیستی 4 و 6 هفته پس از سبز شدن × 2 و 1 گرم بر لیتر ZnSO4 مشاهده شد. علاوه بر این، بیشترین مقدار عنصر روی تحت شرایط کاربرد کود زیستی در 6 هفته پس از سبز شدن گیاه × محلول­پاشی 3 گرم بر لیتر ZnSO4به­دست آمد. در مقابل، کمترین مقادیر در اکثر پارامترها تحت کاربرد سطوح مختلف کاربرد زیستی × عدم محلول­پاشی ZnSO4 و محلول­­پاشی 3 گرم بر لیتر ZnSO4 مشاهده شد. بنابراین محلول­پاشی برگی ZnSO4 و کاربرد خاکی کودهای حل کننده فسفات می­تواند بر صفات بیوشیمیایی و مورفولوژیک گیاه همیشه بهار موثر باشد. Manuscript profile -
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55 - بررسی برخی خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی گل ژربرا تحت تاثیر کاربرد اسید هیومیک و نانوکلات کلسیم در شرایط کشت هیدروپونیک
نازدار میرزایی اسگندیان زهره جبارزاده میرحسن رسولی- صادقیانیبهمنظور بررسی اثر اسید هیومیک و نانوکلات کلسیم روی گل شاخه بریده ژربرا رقم ’دان‘، آزمایشی به­صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کامل تصادفی با دو فاکتور و سه تکرار در شرایط کشت هیدروپونیک اجرا شد. فاکتور اول: اسید هیومیک در 4 غلظت صفر (شاهد)، 500، 1000 و 2000 می Moreبهمنظور بررسی اثر اسید هیومیک و نانوکلات کلسیم روی گل شاخه بریده ژربرا رقم ’دان‘، آزمایشی به­صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کامل تصادفی با دو فاکتور و سه تکرار در شرایط کشت هیدروپونیک اجرا شد. فاکتور اول: اسید هیومیک در 4 غلظت صفر (شاهد)، 500، 1000 و 2000 میلیگرم بر لیتر بهصورت کاربرد در محیط کشت و فاکتور دوم: نانوکلات کلسیم در 4 غلظت صفر (شاهد)، 1، 2 و 3 گرم در لیتر بهصورت محلولپاشی اجرا شد. صفات رشدی از جمله قطر گل و ساقه گلدهنده گل ژربرا رقم ’دان‘، طول برگ و ساقه گلدهنده، وزن تر و خشک برگ و صفات بیوشیمیایی از جمله میزان آنتوسیانین، کاروتنوئید، قندهای محلول کل و فنل اندازهگیری شدند. براساس نتایج به دست آمده از تجزیه واریانس، طول، وزن تر و خشک برگ تحت تاثیر کاربرد اسید هیومیک قرار گرفته و با افزایش غلظت اسید هیومیک طول برگ و وزن خشک آن افزایش یافت. بیشترین قطر ساقه گلدهنده در غلظت 2000 میلیگرم در لیتر اسید هیومیک و صفر گرم در لیتر نانوکلات کلسیم به دست آمد. قطر گل و ساقه گلدهنده با افزایش غلظت اسید هیومیک افزایش یافت. کاروتنوئید برگ و آنتوسیانین تحت تاثیر اسید هیومیک و نانوکلات کلسیم قرار گرفته و به ترتیب 3 و 5/1 برابر نسبت به تیمار شاهد افزایش یافتند. میزان قندهای محلول و فنل کل تحت تاثیر اسید هیومیک قرار گرفته و نسبت به شاهد افزایش داشتند. در کل کاربرد توام اسید هیومیک و نانوکلات کلسیم منجر به بهبود ویژگیهای رشدی و بیوشیمیایی ژربرا در مطالعه حاضر شد، و به طور تقریبی غلظت 2000 میلیگرم در لیتراسید هیومیک و 2 گرم در لیتر نانوکلات کلسیم موثرتر بودند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - تاثیر غلظت های مختلف نیتروژن و ترکیب بستر کشت بر رشد و کیفیت بنت قنسول رقم ’نوئل رد‘
سمیه کاتبی پرویز نوروزی جواد رضاپور فردبنت­­ قنسول(Euphorbia pulcherrima) گیاهی گلدانی است که براکتههای رنگین آن در روزهای کوتاه تشکیل می­شود. در این تحقیق اثر غلظت­های مختلف نیتروژن (180، 230، 280 و330 میلیگرم بر لیتر) و بسترهای کشت (پیت ماس و پرلیت به نسبت 1:2 و کوکوپیت و پرلیت به نسبت 1: Moreبنت­­ قنسول(Euphorbia pulcherrima) گیاهی گلدانی است که براکتههای رنگین آن در روزهای کوتاه تشکیل می­شود. در این تحقیق اثر غلظت­های مختلف نیتروژن (180، 230، 280 و330 میلیگرم بر لیتر) و بسترهای کشت (پیت ماس و پرلیت به نسبت 1:2 و کوکوپیت و پرلیت به نسبت 1:2) بر برخی صفات گیاه بنت قنسول رقم ’نوئلرد‘ مطالعه شد. این آزمایش به­صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با 8 تیمار و 3 تکرار اجرا گردید. نتایج حاصل از بررسی صفات اندازهگیری شده نشان داد که بیشترین میزان ارتفاع، قطر تاج بوته و میزان نیتروژن در غلظت 230 پیپیام و بستر کوکوپیت + پرلیت ایجاد شدند. غلظت 230 میلیگرم بر لیتر نیتروژن سبب افزایش میزان وزن تر ساقه و ریشه نسبت به سایر تیمارها شد. غلظت 280 میلیگرم بر لیتر نیتروژن و کوکوپیت + پرلیت باعث بیشترین مقدار وزن خشک ساقه شد. تیمار پیتماس + پرلیت و330 میلیگرم بر لیتر نیتروژن باعث ایجاد حداکثر مقدار میزان کلروفیل a و آنتوسیانین براکته شد. براساس نتایج پژوهش حاضر غلظت 230 و 280 میلیگرم بر لیتر نیتروژن و بستر کوکوپیت موجب بهبود شاخص­های رشدی و در نتیجه بهبود خصوصیات کیفی بنت قنسول شده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - بهبود ویژگی های فیزیوولژیکی، بیوشیمیایی و کیفیت گل شمعدانی خوراکی (Pelargonium peltatum L.) با کاربرد سلنیوم
زهره رزم آور روح انگیز نادری وحید عبدوسی علیرضا لادن مقدم فرشته نعمت الهیسلنیوم (Se) یک ریز عنصر اساسی برای انسان و یک عنصر مفید برای گیاهان است. اخیراً، بهبود وضعیت گیاهان با سلنیوم به عنوان یک روش کلیدی برای افزایش کیفیت گیاه مطرح شده است. هدف از این پژوهش بررسی شاخصهای پس از برداشت گیاه شمعدانی (Pelargonium Peltatum) با افزودن سلنیوم به Moreسلنیوم (Se) یک ریز عنصر اساسی برای انسان و یک عنصر مفید برای گیاهان است. اخیراً، بهبود وضعیت گیاهان با سلنیوم به عنوان یک روش کلیدی برای افزایش کیفیت گیاه مطرح شده است. هدف از این پژوهش بررسی شاخصهای پس از برداشت گیاه شمعدانی (Pelargonium Peltatum) با افزودن سلنیوم به بستر کاشت به فرم Na2SeO4 با غلظتهای 20، 40 و 60 میکرومولار استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که، وزن گل، مقدار نسب(RWC) ،آنتوسیانین و ویتامین C در طول زمان نگهداری کاهش مییابد. مالون دی آلدید (MAD) با پیشرفت زمان ذخیرهسازی افزایش یافت. محتوای فنلی کل(TPC) ، مقدار کل فلاونوئید (TFC) در روزهای اولیه ذخیره سازی به طور قابل توجهی افزایش یافته و سپس تا پایان ذخیره سازی در روزهای 4 و 6 کاهش یافت.سلنیوم به طور قابل توجهی وزن گل،RWC ، آنتوسیانین، ویتامینC ، TPC را بهبود بخشید. اگرچه سلنیوم در افزایش کیفیت شمعدنی پیچ (Pelargonium Peltatum) موثر بود، اما بین 40 و 60 میکرومولار سلنیوم در تمام صفات تفاوت معنی داری وجود نداشت. بنابراین، این آزمایش استفاده از 40 میکرومولار سلنیوم را برای بهبود ماندگای پس زمان پس از برداشت گلهای شمعدنی پیچ (Pelargonium Peltatum) به عنوان یک گیاه زینتی، دارویی، معطر و خوراکی توصیه میکند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - بررسی تغییر خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی و عمر پس از برداشت ژربرا (Gerbera jamesonii) با محلولپاشی ال-گلوتامیک اسید، نیتروژن وپتاسیم
سعید رضا فرهمندی سعید سماوات مصطفی مصطفوی علی محمدی ترکاشوند سپیده کلاته جاریعمر پس از برداشت گل شاخه بریده ژربرا به دلیل خمیدگی ساقه شاخه گلدهنده به طور کلی کوتاه است. بنابراین خمیدگی ساقه ژربرا مشکل اصلی این گل در دوره پس از برداشت است. محلولپاشی با اسیدهای آمینه و کودهای معدنی از روشهای مفید در افزایش عملکرد محصولات کشاورزی و باغبانی است. Moreعمر پس از برداشت گل شاخه بریده ژربرا به دلیل خمیدگی ساقه شاخه گلدهنده به طور کلی کوتاه است. بنابراین خمیدگی ساقه ژربرا مشکل اصلی این گل در دوره پس از برداشت است. محلولپاشی با اسیدهای آمینه و کودهای معدنی از روشهای مفید در افزایش عملکرد محصولات کشاورزی و باغبانی است. تحقیق حاضر به منظور بهبود عمر پس از برداشت گل ژربرا با بررسی تغییرات وزن تر نسبی، محتوای آنتوسیانین گلبرگ، نشت یونی، و درجه خمیدگی ساقه انجام شد. گلوتامیک اسید با 4 و 8 گرم در لیتر و کودهای نیتروژن و پتاسیم با 5 و 10 گرم در لیتر به صورت محلولپاشی اعمال شد. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین مقدار وزن تر نسبی با 86/7 درصد در تیمار 4 گرم در لیتر گلوتامیک اسید، 5 گرم در لیتر نیتروژن و 5 گرم در لیتر پتاسیم مشاهده شد. کاهش 20 درصدی نشت یونی در گلهای تیمار شده با 8 گرم در لیتر گلوتامیک اسید، 10 گرم در لیتر نیتروژن و 5 گرم در لیتر پتاسیم در مقایسه با کنترل گزارش شد. افزایش اصلی غلظت آنتوسیانین مربوط به تیمارهای حاوی گلوتامیک اسید بود. خمیدگی ساقه گل از 63/1 درجه در تیمار عدم کاربرد گلوتامیک اسید، 5 گرم در لیتر نیتروژن و 5 گرم در لیتر پتاسیم تا 73/9 درجه در تیمار کنترل (عدم محلولپاشی) متغییر بود. نتیجه کلی تحقیق نشان داد که 8 گرم در لیتر گلوتامیک اسید، 5 گرم در لیتر نیتروژن و 5 گرم در لیتر پتاسیم مناسبترین تیمار جهت افزایش عمر پس از برداشت و کاهش خمیدگی ساقه گل ژربرا میباشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Effect of 1- Methylcyclopropene and Methyl Jasmonate on Post-harvest Life of Alstroemeria cv. "Calgary" Cut Flowers
Atiqullah Sediqy Ali Tehranifar Mahmoud Shoor Hossein NematiAlstroemeria is one of the most important cut flower crops globally, known for its diversity in color, various cultivars, and overall beauty, contributing to its success in the global market. The use of different preservative solutions at various stages of cut flower su MoreAlstroemeria is one of the most important cut flower crops globally, known for its diversity in color, various cultivars, and overall beauty, contributing to its success in the global market. The use of different preservative solutions at various stages of cut flower supply to the market plays a critical role in preventing ethylene production and maintaining the water balance and energy supply required for the plant after being separated from the mother plant. Therefore, this investigation effect of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on the post-harvest life of alstroemeria (cv. Calgary) cut flowers was conducted in the Department of Horticultural Science and Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. The experiment was done in a factorial design (3 × 3) with five repetitions for each treatment. The results of the main effect of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) application showed that the highest water uptake, relative fresh weight, vase life, chlorophyll a and b, anthocyanin, catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase were observed at a concentration of 0.2 µL/L of MeJA. The main effect of 1-MCP application showed that the highest water uptake, relative fresh weight, vase life, chlorophyll a and b, anthocyanin, catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase were observed at a concentration of 1 µL/L of 1-MCP. The results of the interaction effect between MeJA and 1-MCP application showed that the highest water uptake, relative fresh weight, vase life, chlorophyll a and b, anthocyanin, and antioxidant enzymes were observed in the treatment with 4% sucrose+300 mg l-1 8-HQS+1 µL/L 1-MCP + 0.2 µL/L MeJA. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - تاثیر آنتوسیانین درونی و ساکارز خارجی بر برخی صفات پس از برداشت چهار رقم گل شاخه بریده میخک
لیلا اسدی موسی سلگی بابک ولی زاده کاجیآنتوسیانین درونی در گل شاخه بریده میخک میتواند یکی از عوامل مؤثر بر عمر گلجایی آن باشد. این تحقیق در قالب دو آزمایش بهمنظور بررسی تأثیر تغییر غلظت آنتوسیانین درونی گلبرگها و همچنین کاربرد ساکارز خارجی بر عمر گلجایی چهار رقم میخک شاخه بریده انجام شد. در این آزمایشها Moreآنتوسیانین درونی در گل شاخه بریده میخک میتواند یکی از عوامل مؤثر بر عمر گلجایی آن باشد. این تحقیق در قالب دو آزمایش بهمنظور بررسی تأثیر تغییر غلظت آنتوسیانین درونی گلبرگها و همچنین کاربرد ساکارز خارجی بر عمر گلجایی چهار رقم میخک شاخه بریده انجام شد. در این آزمایشها از چهار رقم میخک سفید (Whit Liberty)، زرد(Yellow Liberty) ، صورتی (Tabor) و قرمز (Grand Slam) استفاده شد. در آزمایش اول تغییرات آنتوسیانین درونی گلبرگهای این چهار رقم و اثر آن بر عمر گلجایی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. در آزمایش دوم، غلظتهای صفر، دو و چهار درصد ساکارز خارجی بر برخی صفات پس از برداشت این چهار رقم مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج آزمایش اول نشان داد که امکان مؤثر بودن آنتوسیانین درونی بر عمر گلجایی میخک وجود دارد. در آزمایش اول عمر گلجایی رقمهای بدون آنتوسیانین درونی (سفید و زرد) دو برابر (14 روز) بیشتر از رقمهای قرمز و صورتی دارای آنتوسیانین (حدود 7 روز) بود. بر اساس نتایج آزمایش دوم، ساکارز باعث بهبود صفات گلجایی شده است. در این آزمایش، کمترین عمر گلجایی مربوط به رقم قرمز (13/67روز) بدون استفاده از ساکارز خارجی و بیشترین عمر گلجایی در رقم صورتی (18 روز) تحت تیمار چهار درصد ساکارز خارجی مشاهده شد. بهطور کلی با افزایش میزان آنتوسیانین درونی در شرایط عدم حضور ساکارز خارجی عمر گلجایی کاهش یافت. در حالیکه کاربرد ساکارز خارجی سبب افزایش عمر گلجایی رقمهای دارای آنتوسیانین بیشتر شد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Studying the Effect of Seed Priming on the Growth and Yield of Marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) Under Different Levels of Vermicompost
Farzin SaeedzadehThe present study aims to investigate the effect of different levels of vermicompost on the growth and yield of the essential oil of marigold plant under seed priming with Azospirillum and humic acid under different levels of vermicompost on the growth and yield of mari MoreThe present study aims to investigate the effect of different levels of vermicompost on the growth and yield of the essential oil of marigold plant under seed priming with Azospirillum and humic acid under different levels of vermicompost on the growth and yield of marigold essential oil, factorial based on a randomized complete block design in the research farm of Islamic Azad University, Astara branch was done. The test treatments included seed priming including Azospirillum brazilense bacteria, humic acid, Azospirillum + humic acid and control and different levels of vermicompost (0, 5 and 10 t ha-1). The results showed that some traits such as chlorophyll a, anthocyanin, essential oil yield and biological yield were affected by vermicompost interaction and seed priming. But plant height, number of seeds and flowers, flower weight, seed weight, essential oil amount and total chlorophyll were affected by the main effect of vermicompost, but seed priming was not significant on some of these traits. The highest amounts of chlorophyll a and total, biological yield, essential oil yield and dry weight of flowers were obtained from humic acid + Azospirillum treatment under the application of 10 t vermicompost ha-1. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Evaluation of Main Anthocyanins in Skin of Forest Pear (Pyrus pyraster) (Sange Khouj) Fruit in Guilan Province of Iran
Ahmad Dadashpour Hassan MohammadAmooie Mohammad Jouki Naimeh KhazaeiThe anthocyanins of the fruit skin of Iranian forest pear (Sange Khouj) were separated, identified and quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography/diode array detection (HPLC/DAD) and HPLC/electrospray ionization /mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI /MS). The indivi MoreThe anthocyanins of the fruit skin of Iranian forest pear (Sange Khouj) were separated, identified and quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography/diode array detection (HPLC/DAD) and HPLC/electrospray ionization /mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI /MS). The individual anthocyanins were identified by comparing their mass spectral data and retention times with those of standards and published data. Cyanidin-3-galactoside was the major compound, taking up 93% of the total anthocyanin content. The content of Cyanidin-3-galactoside reached 23.7±3.2 mg 100 g-1 fresh weight, followed by the eighth peak (2.14%) and Cyanidin-3-glucoside (1.23%). Pelargonidin- 3-rutinoside was identified for the first time in ordinary pear (P. communis L). DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) assays showed that the extract from the fruit peel of ‘Sange Khouj’ contained anthocyanins and possessed high antioxidant capacity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Investigation of physiological properties and antioxidant activity of cumin by using of magnetic water and superabsorbent under water stress conditions
ali ashori manochher gholipoor ahmad gholami hamid AbbasdokhtIn order to investigate magnetic and superabsorbent water on some physiological traits and antioxidant activities of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L) under water stress, an experiment in two areas of Rahanjan and German of Shahroud city in factorial form in a randomized comple MoreIn order to investigate magnetic and superabsorbent water on some physiological traits and antioxidant activities of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L) under water stress, an experiment in two areas of Rahanjan and German of Shahroud city in factorial form in a randomized complete block design with Three replications were performed in the 1400-1399 crop year. The results of analysis of variance showed that the triple interaction effect of water requirement × magnetic water × superabsorbent was significant for the evaluated traits. The traits of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, carotenoids and anthocyanins were significant. Under moderate stress conditions, using normal water, no significant difference was observed between control and 200 kg / ha superabsorbent treatments. Most traits in Rahnjan region had higher values than German region. In general, the use of magnetic water and 200 kg / ha of superabsorbent in conditions of moderate drought stress (75% water requirement) caused physiological and biochemical increase of cumin. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - The Effect of Some Plant Growth Regulators on the Induction of Calluses and Carbohydrates on the Biochemical Composition of Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) In Vitro
leila beikmahdavi Roya Bishehkolaei Abbas Ali Dehpour joybari saeed soltaniCichorium intybus L. is a biennial plant that all parts of this plant (roots, leaves, seeds) are used medicinally. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of growth regulators on the induction of calluses from chicory leaves and petioles and to investigate t MoreCichorium intybus L. is a biennial plant that all parts of this plant (roots, leaves, seeds) are used medicinally. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of growth regulators on the induction of calluses from chicory leaves and petioles and to investigate the effect of carbohydrates (sucrose and glucose) on the biochemical composition (flavonoid, Antioxidant activity, phenol, sugar, anthocyanin) of the produced Calli. For this purpose, BAP and KIN cytokinins at three levels (0.5, 1 and 1.5 mg/l) and NAA auxin at three levels (0.2, 0.5 and 1 mg/l) in MS medium were used to induction callus. Also, the effect of different levels of sucrose and glucose was investigated on five levels (1, 2, 3, 4, 5%) with control treatment ½ MS medium. The highest percentage of callus formation and callus weight was observed in culture medium containing 1 mg / l of BAP and NAA. The results showed that the studied carbohydrates had a significant effect on the biochemical composition of chicory (P<0.01). The highest amount of phenol was observed in the treatment of 3% glucose (0.28 mg gallic acid / g fresh weight) and the highest amount of flavonoids was observed in the concentration of 4% glucose (0.29 mg quercetin / g fresh weight). Also, the highest amount of antioxidant and sugar activities were observed in glucose concentration of 1% (89.51%) and glucose 4% (86.97 µg), respectively. The highest amount of anthocyanin (7.1 µM per gram of fresh weight) was observed in 5% glucose treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Effects of salicylic acid and jasmonic acid on some physiological and biochemical characteristics of marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) under salinity stress
M. Baniyaghoub Abkenar A. PazokiIn order to evaluate the effects of various concentrations of salicylic and jasmonic acid on root dry weight, shoot dry weight, contents of chlorophylls, carotenoids, anthocyanin, soluble sugars, proline, and malondialdehyde, percentage and weight of flower extract of m MoreIn order to evaluate the effects of various concentrations of salicylic and jasmonic acid on root dry weight, shoot dry weight, contents of chlorophylls, carotenoids, anthocyanin, soluble sugars, proline, and malondialdehyde, percentage and weight of flower extract of marigold plants under salinity stress, a factorial experiment was conducted in completely randomized design with four replications at research greenhouse of Islamic Azad University, Shahre-Rey Branch. The treatments were salinity at four levels With irrigation water including (0, 25, 50 and 75 mM) NaCl, Spraying salicylic acid in two levels (0, 0.7 mM) and, jasmonic acid in two levels (0, 100 µM). The results showed that the root dry weight, aerial dry weight, contents of chlorophylls, carotenoids, anthocyanin in the leaves and weight of flower extract were significantly decreased by increasing the severity of salinity. It was also found that the levels of soluble sugars, proline, malondialdehyde and flower extract percentage were significantly increased by increase in salinity levels. It was also observed that application of salicylic and jasmonic acid led to increase in root dry weight (72%), shoot dry weight (59%) and weight of flower extract (43%) that Somewhat reduce the negative effects of salinity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - The effects of density and application of iron and zinc on yield and quality of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa)
abdolreza borji abad M. گلوی M. RamrodiIn order to evaluate the effect of density, soil and foliar application iron and zinc on yield and quality of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa), an experiment was performed in split plot design in randomized complete block design with three replications in Zabol University. MoreIn order to evaluate the effect of density, soil and foliar application iron and zinc on yield and quality of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa), an experiment was performed in split plot design in randomized complete block design with three replications in Zabol University. Density was at three levels 2, 4 and 6 plants per square meter, as the main cause of micronutrient intake in five levels, sprayed with chelated iron 6% rate 4 per thousand, sprayed with chelated zinc rate 2 per thousand, soil application of chelated iron 6% to 50 kg, and soil application of chelated zinc15% to 50 kg per hectare, was performed. The spraying with water was considered as a secondary factor. The results showed that most quantitative traits including plant height, stem diameter, number of branches, number seeds per plant, weight and dried sepals and biological yield of boll were affected by density. The most wet and dry weight of sepals were obtained in density six plant density,. Sepals much dry so that the density of 6 plants per square meter than 2 density was 200% increased. Effect of soil and foliar application of micronutrients showed significant increase in the number of bolls, biological yield, weight of 1000 seeds, number of branches, number of seeds per plant, wet and dry weight sepals, and amount of anthocyanin and protein sepals. Based on the results of this study, to achieve maximum performance of dry sepals, six plants with foliar application of zinc can be recommended as a suitable treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Effects of cultural planting date and on yield and yield components of strawberry in organic production (in Hashtgerd climate condition)
seyed morteza zahedi Zeinab Nazemi Zeinab Houshmand PanahIn order to study the effects of planting date and plant density on morphological characteristics, quality as well as yield of strawberry, a split plot experiment was carried out based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Hashtgerd, Alborz Prov MoreIn order to study the effects of planting date and plant density on morphological characteristics, quality as well as yield of strawberry, a split plot experiment was carried out based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Hashtgerd, Alborz Province, during 2013-2014. Main plots were three planting dates of February 20, March 11 and April 9 and sub-plots included three inter-row spacing of 20, 30 and 40 cm. The results indicated that planting date of March 11, as the best date, had the highest fruit yield by about 148.67 gr/plant which was above 30% increase of yield compared with April 9 . Moreover, the highest amount of vitamin C, anthocyanin, TSS, TA, TSS/TA and firmness were achieved in this time. As regards planting space, space increases from 20 to 40 cm increased yield by almost 25%. In general, the results showed that in Hashtgerd climate condition, the best planting date and space for strawberry, among experimented values, were March 11th and 40 cm respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - The effect of mycorrhiza and humic acid on chlorophyll content and grain filling components of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in various irrigation levels
shahram shahmarzadeh RAOUF SEYED SHARIFI mohammad sedghiIn order to study the effect of mycorrhiza and humic acid on yield, chlorophyll content and grain filling components of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in various irrigation levels, a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three r MoreIn order to study the effect of mycorrhiza and humic acid on yield, chlorophyll content and grain filling components of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in various irrigation levels, a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications in research farm of faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohagheghi Ardabil in 2018-2019. Factors experiment were included irrigation at three levels (full irrigation as control, irrigation withholding at 50% of heading and irrigation withholding at 50% of booting stage), and application of mycorrhiza and humic acid at eight levels (Glomus intraradices, G.moseae, both application G. intraradices and G.moseae, humic acid, humic acid with G. intraradices, humic acid and G.moseae, humic acid with G.intraradices and G.moseae, control (without humic acid, G.moseae and G. intraradices). Means comparison showed that both application G.intraradices and G.moseae with humic acid under full irrigation increased anthocyanin content (71%), chlorophyll content a, b and total chlorophyll (10.8, 12 and 17%), grain filling rate (18%), grain filling period and effective grain filling period (7.6 and 8% respectively), ear length (48%), number of grain per ear (68%) and grain yield (48%) in comparison with irrigation withholding at 50% of booting stage and no application of mycorrhiza and humic. It seems that application of mycorrhiza and humic acid can increase grain yield of wheat under severe water limitation due to improving chlorophyll content and grain filling components. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Investigating the effect of water stress and plant density on some physiological characteristics and water use efficiency in two ecotypes of Thymbra spicata L
فاطمه ملک ملکی Nosrat Abbasi Ebraim Sharifi Ashoorabadi, Mohammad Javad ZareThe present study aims to investigate the changes in some physiological characteristics and water use efficiency of two ecotypes of Thymbra spicata L. in response to changes in water stress and plant density. For this purpose, an experiment was carried out as a split fa MoreThe present study aims to investigate the changes in some physiological characteristics and water use efficiency of two ecotypes of Thymbra spicata L. in response to changes in water stress and plant density. For this purpose, an experiment was carried out as a split factorial based on the randomized complete block design with three replications in two growing seasons (2016 and 2017). The highest content of chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b was observed in the treatments of non-stress and mild stress and at a density of 6 and 8 plants per m2. The highest content of total chlorophyll was observed in the treatment of non-stress and mild stress and at a density of 8 plants per m2 during the first year of the experiment. Increased plant density and intensity of water stress led to a decrease in the content of photosynthetic pigments. The highest content of carotenoids was observed at the treatment of mild water stress and a density of 8 and 12 plants m2 during the first year of the experiment. The highest content of anthocyanins was observed at the treatment of mild water stress and a density of 8 plants per m2. The highest content of total phenol and flavonoids was observed at the treatment of severe water stress and a density of 12 plants per m2. Finally, the highest amount of proline in the plant was observed in the second year of the experiment at the treatment of severe water stress and a density of 12 plants per m2. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Responses of Almond Genotypes to Osmotic Stress Induced In Vitro
S. Karimi A. Yadollahi K. Arzani -
Open Access Article
71 - Effects of Location in the Tree Canopy on Some Quality Characteristics of Fresh Pistachio Fruit
Behzad Saffari HamidReza Akhavan -
Open Access Article
72 - Effect of different levels of nitrogen fertilizer, potassium and water on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of roselle
halimeh piriToday, changing the pattern of planting towards dehydrating plants is proposed as a solution to drought. One of the plants resistant to drought is roselle. In this research, the effects of different levels of irrigation water, nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilize MoreToday, changing the pattern of planting towards dehydrating plants is proposed as a solution to drought. One of the plants resistant to drought is roselle. In this research, the effects of different levels of irrigation water, nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer on roselle were investigated. The experiments were carried out in a split plot design with four levels of irrigation water depths (I1, I2, I3 and I4, respectively 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the plant water requirement) and three levels of nitrogen (N1, N2 and N3 respectively 50, 75 and 100% nitrogen) as a sub plots and three levels of potassium (K1, K2 and K3 respectively 50, 75 and 100% potassium) as subplots. At the end of the experiment, plant height, capsule weight, dry yield, anthocyanin content and irrigation water productivity were measured. The results of the experiment showed that the effects of irrigation water and potassium fertilizer were significant at 1% and 5% probability level on all measured parameters and nitrogen fertilizer on all parameters except for irrigation water productivity. The highest yield was obtained from 100% fertilizer application and 100% water requirement, but no significant effect was observed between treatment of 100 and 75% of water requirement. The highest irrigation water productivity was obtained in 75% water treatment and 100% nitrogen and potassium fertilizer application, but no significant difference was found between different treatments of nitrogen fertilizer. Therefore, considering the status of the water in the area and the reduction of water resources, the use of 75% of the water requirement will save water consumption without having a significant effect on the reduction of yield. Also, due to dry weather conditions in Sistan province, the use of potassium and nitrogen fertilizer can modify the drought stresses in roselle. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - The Phytochemical Changes of Violet Flowers (Viola cornuta) Response to Exogenous Salicylic Acid Hormone
N. Ghorbani H. Moradi V. Akbarpour A. Ghasemnezhad
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