Studying the Effect of Seed Priming on the Growth and Yield of Marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) Under Different Levels of Vermicompost
Subject Areas : Journal of Ornamental Plants
1 - Department of Agriculture, Astara Branch, Islamic Azad University, Astara, Iran
Keywords: Anthocyanin, Azospirillum, Essential oil, Marigold, Vermicompost,
Abstract :
The present study aims to investigate the effect of different levels of vermicompost on the growth and yield of the essential oil of marigold plant under seed priming with Azospirillum and humic acid under different levels of vermicompost on the growth and yield of marigold essential oil, factorial based on a randomized complete block design in the research farm of Islamic Azad University, Astara branch was done. The test treatments included seed priming including Azospirillum brazilense bacteria, humic acid, Azospirillum + humic acid and control and different levels of vermicompost (0, 5 and 10 t ha-1). The results showed that some traits such as chlorophyll a, anthocyanin, essential oil yield and biological yield were affected by vermicompost interaction and seed priming. But plant height, number of seeds and flowers, flower weight, seed weight, essential oil amount and total chlorophyll were affected by the main effect of vermicompost, but seed priming was not significant on some of these traits. The highest amounts of chlorophyll a and total, biological yield, essential oil yield and dry weight of flowers were obtained from humic acid + Azospirillum treatment under the application of 10 t vermicompost ha-1.
References:
Abedini, T., Moradi, P. and Hani, A. 2015. Effect of organic fertilizer and foliar application of humic acid on some quantitative and qualitative yield of pot marigold. Journal of Novel Applied Sciences, 4(10): 1100-1103.
Adamipour, N., Khosh-Khui, M., Salehi, H. and Rho, H. 2019. Effect of vermicompost on morphological and physiological performances of pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) under salinity conditions. Advances in Horticultural Science, 33(3): 345-358.
Agha Alikhani, M., Iranpour, A. and Naghdi Badi, H. 2013. Changes in agronomical and phytochemical yield of purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench) under urea and three biofertilizers application. Journal of Medicinal Plants, 12 (46): 121-136.
Ahmadian, A., Ghanbari, A. and Siahsar, B. 2011. Study of the yield and its components of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) under drought stress and organic and inorganic fertilizers using and their residue. Journal of Agroecology, 3(3): 383-395.
Amanullah, H. 2016. Influence of organic and inorganic nitrogen on grain yield and yield components of hybrid rice in North-western Pakistan. Rice Science, 23(6): 326-333.
Askari, M., Habibi, D. and Naderi Brojerdi, G. H. 2012. Effect of vermicompost, plant growth, promoting rhizobacteria and humic acid on growth factor of Mentha piperata L. in central province. Iranian Journal of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, 7 (4): 41-54.
Ashour, H. A., Esmail, S. E. A. and Kotb, M. S. 2020. Alleviative effects of chitosan or humic acid on Vitex trifolia ‘Purpurea’grown under salinity stress. Ornamental Horticulture, 27: 88-102.
Bakhshi, D., Ostad Malekroody, R. and Majidian, M. 2023. Effects of vermicompost and cow manure on physiological characteristics of marigold (Calendula officinalis L.). Advanced Research in Medicinal Plants, 11(4): 143-151.
Catalano, C., Abbate, L., Carimi, F., Carra, A., Gristina, A. S., Motisi, A. and Garfì, G. 2022. Propagation of Calendula maritima Guss. (Asteraceae) through biotechnological techniques for possible usage in phytotherapy. Agronomy, 12(11): 2788.
Chaupoo, A. S. and Kumar, S. 2022. Influence of organics, inorganic and biofertilizers on growth, quality, yield, and soil and plant nutrient status of marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) cv. Pusa Narangi Gainda. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 45(11): 1654-1669.
Darzi, M. T., Attarpoor, R. and Hadi, M. H. S. 2016. Effects of different manure and vermicompost rates on yield and essential oil contents of dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.). Iranian Journal of Filed Crop Science, 46 (4): 711-721.
Fallahi, J., Rezvani Moghaddam, P., Nassiri Mahallati, M., Behdani, M. A., Shajari, M. A. and Amiri, M. B. 2013. Influence of seed nitrogen content and biofertilizer priming on wheat germination in salinity stress conditions. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 59(6): 791-801.
Farjami, A. A. and Nabavi K. S. 2014. Effect of humic acid and phosphorus on the quantity and quality of marigold (Calendula officinalis). Journal of Crop Ecophysiology, 7(4): 443-452.
Ghadimi, M., Sirousmehr, A., Ansari, M. H. and Ghanbari, A. 2021. Organic soil amendments using vermicomposts under inoculation of N2‒fixing bacteria for sustainable rice production. PeerJ 9: e10833.
Hoseini Mazinani, M. and Hadipour, A. 2014. Increasing quantitative and qualitative yield of Calendula officinalis L. by using bio-fertilizer. Journal of Medicinal Plants, 2(50): 83-91.
Jhariya, M. K., Raj, A., Banerjee, A., Meena, R. S., Bargali, S. S., Kumar, S., Poonam, S. N. and Oraon, P. R. 2022. Plan and policies for soil organic carbon management under agroforestry system. In Plans and policies for soil organic carbon management in agriculture (pp. 191-219). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.
Joshi, R., Singh, J. and Vig, A. P. 2015. Vermicompost as an effective organic fertilizer and biocontrol agent: effect on growth, yield. Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio Technology, 14(1): 137-159.
Khosravi Shakib, A., Rezaei Nejad, A., Khandan Mirkohi, A. and Kalate Jari, S. 2019. Vermicompost and manure compost reduce water-deficit stress in pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L. cv. Candyman Orange). Compost Science and Utilization, 27(1): 61-68.
Kumar, V., Shankar, R., Kumar, A., Upadhyay, A. and Gangvar, S. 2019. Effect of vermicompost, nitrogen and phosphorus growth and flower yield of African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.). International Journal of Advance Agricuture, 6(4): 1-5.
Leithy, S., El Meseiry, T. A. and Abdallah, E. F. 2006. Effect of biofertilizers, cell stabilizer and irrigation regime on Rosemary herbage oil yield and quality. Journal of Applied Researchs, 2: 773 -779.
Liu, Z., Rong, Q., Zhou, W., Liang, G. 2017: Effects of inorganic and organic amendment on soil chemical properties, enzyme activities, microbial community and soil quality in yellow clayey soil. – PloS ONE 12(3): e0172767.
Mackowiak, C. L., Grossl, P. R. and Bugbee, B. G. 2001. Beneficial effects of humic acid on micronutrient availability to wheat. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 65(6): 1744-1750.
Mahboub Khomami, A., Haddad, A., Alipoor, R.and Hojati, S. I. 2021. Cow manure and sawdust vermicompost effect on nutrition and growth of ornamental foliage plants. Central Asian Journal of Environmental Science and Technology Innovation, 2(2): 68-78.
Maji, D., Misra, P., Singh, S. and Kalra, A. 2017. Humic acid rich vermicompost promotes plant growth by improving microbial community structure of soil as well as root nodulation and mycorrhizal colonization in the roots of Pisum sativum, Applied Soil Ecology, 110: 97−108.
Makkizadeh M, Nasrollahzadeh S, Zehtab Salmasi S, Chaichi M and Khavazi K, 2011. The Effect of organic, biologic and chemical fertilizers on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Journal of Agriculture Science and Sustainable Production, 22(1): 1-12.
Mandal, M., Maitra, S., Devi, K. L., Paramanik, B., Sinha, T. and Sarkar, A. 2023. Application of benzyladenine on quality production and post-harvest life of African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) cv. Pusa Narangi Gainda. Pharma Innovation Journal, 12(1): 2245-2250
Manivannan, K. and Nanthakumar, S. 2021. Studies on the effect of plant growth regulators on growth, flowering and xanthophyll content of African marigold (tagetes erecta L.). Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 10(3), 292-294.
Mashayekhi, S., Abdali Mashhadi, A., Bakhshandeh, A., Lotfi Jalal Abadi, A. and Seyyed Nejad, S. M. 2019. Rwlationship of salicylic acid and humic acid foliar spray and harvesting times with yield and quality of German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.). Journal of Agriculture Science and Sustainable Production, 92(1): 209-222.
Massey, A., Meena, R. N.and Meena, A. K. 2021. Effects of organic manures and green manuring on growth, yield, economics and quality of lemongrass (Cymbopogon Flexuosus L.) in custard apple (Annona Squamosa L.) based agri-horti system. Bangladesh Journal of Botany, 50(3): 499-506.
Mazumdar, B.C. and Majumdar, K. 2003. Methods on physicochemical analysis of fruits. www. Sundeepbooks.com. 187p.
Mosavi-Azandehi, S. M., Ansari, M. H., Sharifi, P. and Hoor, S. S. 2023. The effect of organic amendments on soil microbial activity and yield of faba bean (Vicia faba) inoculated with Rhizobium leguminosarum. The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 93(8): 893–898.
Nasiri Dehsorkhi, A., Makarian, H., Varnaseri Ghandali, V. and Salari, N. 2018.Investigation of effect of humic acid and vermicompost application on yield and yield components of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.). Applied Field Crop Research, 31(1): 93-113.
Olk, D. C., Dinnes, D. L., Rene Scoresby, J., Callaway, C. R. and Darlington, J. W. 2018. Humic products in agriculture: potential benefits and research challenges, a review. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 18, 2881-2891.
Safaei, L., Sharifi Ashoorabadi, E., Afiuni, D., Davazdah Emami, S. and Shoaii, A. A. 2014. The effect of different nutrition systems on aerial parts and essential oil yield of Thymus daenensis Celak. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 30(5), 702-713.
Sajjadi, S. A., Spidkar, Z., Razavi, A. and Mehri, S. 2020. Effect of Azotobacter chroococcum and different rates of nitrogen fertilizer on coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L. Moench) yield and phytochemical properties. Journal of Ornamental Plants, 10(3): 191-203.
Sharafabad, Z. H., Abdipour, M., Hosseinifarahi, M., Kelidari, A. and Rashidi, L. 2022. Integrated humic acid and vermicomposting changes essential oil quantity, and quality in field-grown Lavandula angustifolia L. intercropped with Brassica nigra L. Industrial Crops and Products, 178, 114635.
Shokrani F, Pirzad A, Zardoshti MR and Darvishzadeh R, 2012. Effect of irrigation disruption and biological nitrogen on growth and flower yield in Calendula officinalis L. African Journal of Biotechnology, 11 (21): 4795 - 4802.
Tejada, M. and González, J. L. 2009. Application of two vermicomposts on a rice crop: effects on soil biological properties and rice quality and yield. – Agronomy journal, 101(2): 336−344.
Upadhya, A. K., Singh, R., Singh, P. K., Sengar, R. K., Kumar, M. and Singh, N. V. 2022. Effect of integrated nutrient management on plant growth, flower yield of African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.). The Pharma Innovation Journal, 11(5): 2064-2069.
Vessey, J.K. 2003. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria as biofertilizers. Plant and Soil, 255: 571 – 86.
Abedini, T., Moradi, P. and Hani, A. 2015. Effect of organic fertilizer and foliar application of humic acid on some quantitative and qualitative yield of pot marigold. Journal of Novel Applied Sciences, 4(10): 1100-1103.
Adamipour, N., Khosh-Khui, M., Salehi, H. and Rho, H. 2019. Effect of vermicompost on morphological and physiological performances of pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) under salinity conditions. Advances in Horticultural Science, 33(3): 345-358.
Agha Alikhani, M., Iranpour, A. and Naghdi Badi, H. 2013. Changes in agronomical and phytochemical yield of purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench) under urea and three biofertilizers application. Journal of Medicinal Plants, 12 (46): 121-136.
Ahmadian, A., Ghanbari, A. and Siahsar, B. 2011. Study of the yield and its components of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) under drought stress and organic and inorganic fertilizers using and their residue. Journal of Agroecology, 3(3): 383-395.
Amanullah, H. 2016. Influence of organic and inorganic nitrogen on grain yield and yield components of hybrid rice in North-western Pakistan. Rice Science, 23(6): 326-333.
Askari, M., Habibi, D. and Naderi Brojerdi, G. H. 2012. Effect of vermicompost, plant growth, promoting rhizobacteria and humic acid on growth factor of Mentha piperata L. in central province. Iranian Journal of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, 7 (4): 41-54.
Ashour, H. A., Esmail, S. E. A. and Kotb, M. S. 2020. Alleviative effects of chitosan or humic acid on Vitex trifolia ‘Purpurea’grown under salinity stress. Ornamental Horticulture, 27: 88-102.
Bakhshi, D., Ostad Malekroody, R. and Majidian, M. 2023. Effects of vermicompost and cow manure on physiological characteristics of marigold (Calendula officinalis L.). Advanced Research in Medicinal Plants, 11(4): 143-151.
Catalano, C., Abbate, L., Carimi, F., Carra, A., Gristina, A. S., Motisi, A. and Garfì, G. 2022. Propagation of Calendula maritima Guss. (Asteraceae) through biotechnological techniques for possible usage in phytotherapy. Agronomy, 12(11): 2788.
Chaupoo, A. S. and Kumar, S. 2022. Influence of organics, inorganic and biofertilizers on growth, quality, yield, and soil and plant nutrient status of marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) cv. Pusa Narangi Gainda. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 45(11): 1654-1669.
Darzi, M. T., Attarpoor, R. and Hadi, M. H. S. 2016. Effects of different manure and vermicompost rates on yield and essential oil contents of dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.). Iranian Journal of Filed Crop Science, 46 (4): 711-721.
Fallahi, J., Rezvani Moghaddam, P., Nassiri Mahallati, M., Behdani, M. A., Shajari, M. A. and Amiri, M. B. 2013. Influence of seed nitrogen content and biofertilizer priming on wheat germination in salinity stress conditions. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 59(6): 791-801.
Farjami, A. A. and Nabavi K. S. 2014. Effect of humic acid and phosphorus on the quantity and quality of marigold (Calendula officinalis). Journal of Crop Ecophysiology, 7(4): 443-452.
Ghadimi, M., Sirousmehr, A., Ansari, M. H. and Ghanbari, A. 2021. Organic soil amendments using vermicomposts under inoculation of N2‒fixing bacteria for sustainable rice production. PeerJ 9: e10833.
Hoseini Mazinani, M. and Hadipour, A. 2014. Increasing quantitative and qualitative yield of Calendula officinalis L. by using bio-fertilizer. Journal of Medicinal Plants, 2(50): 83-91.
Jhariya, M. K., Raj, A., Banerjee, A., Meena, R. S., Bargali, S. S., Kumar, S., Poonam, S. N. and Oraon, P. R. 2022. Plan and policies for soil organic carbon management under agroforestry system. In Plans and policies for soil organic carbon management in agriculture (pp. 191-219). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.
Joshi, R., Singh, J. and Vig, A. P. 2015. Vermicompost as an effective organic fertilizer and biocontrol agent: effect on growth, yield. Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio Technology, 14(1): 137-159.
Khosravi Shakib, A., Rezaei Nejad, A., Khandan Mirkohi, A. and Kalate Jari, S. 2019. Vermicompost and manure compost reduce water-deficit stress in pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L. cv. Candyman Orange). Compost Science and Utilization, 27(1): 61-68.
Kumar, V., Shankar, R., Kumar, A., Upadhyay, A. and Gangvar, S. 2019. Effect of vermicompost, nitrogen and phosphorus growth and flower yield of African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.). International Journal of Advance Agricuture, 6(4): 1-5.
Leithy, S., El Meseiry, T. A. and Abdallah, E. F. 2006. Effect of biofertilizers, cell stabilizer and irrigation regime on Rosemary herbage oil yield and quality. Journal of Applied Researchs, 2: 773 -779.
Liu, Z., Rong, Q., Zhou, W., Liang, G. 2017: Effects of inorganic and organic amendment on soil chemical properties, enzyme activities, microbial community and soil quality in yellow clayey soil. – PloS ONE 12(3): e0172767.
Mackowiak, C. L., Grossl, P. R. and Bugbee, B. G. 2001. Beneficial effects of humic acid on micronutrient availability to wheat. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 65(6): 1744-1750.
Mahboub Khomami, A., Haddad, A., Alipoor, R.and Hojati, S. I. 2021. Cow manure and sawdust vermicompost effect on nutrition and growth of ornamental foliage plants. Central Asian Journal of Environmental Science and Technology Innovation, 2(2): 68-78.
Maji, D., Misra, P., Singh, S. and Kalra, A. 2017. Humic acid rich vermicompost promotes plant growth by improving microbial community structure of soil as well as root nodulation and mycorrhizal colonization in the roots of Pisum sativum, Applied Soil Ecology, 110: 97−108.
Makkizadeh M, Nasrollahzadeh S, Zehtab Salmasi S, Chaichi M and Khavazi K, 2011. The Effect of organic, biologic and chemical fertilizers on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Journal of Agriculture Science and Sustainable Production, 22(1): 1-12.
Mandal, M., Maitra, S., Devi, K. L., Paramanik, B., Sinha, T. and Sarkar, A. 2023. Application of benzyladenine on quality production and post-harvest life of African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) cv. Pusa Narangi Gainda. Pharma Innovation Journal, 12(1): 2245-2250
Manivannan, K. and Nanthakumar, S. 2021. Studies on the effect of plant growth regulators on growth, flowering and xanthophyll content of African marigold (tagetes erecta L.). Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 10(3), 292-294.
Mashayekhi, S., Abdali Mashhadi, A., Bakhshandeh, A., Lotfi Jalal Abadi, A. and Seyyed Nejad, S. M. 2019. Rwlationship of salicylic acid and humic acid foliar spray and harvesting times with yield and quality of German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.). Journal of Agriculture Science and Sustainable Production, 92(1): 209-222.
Massey, A., Meena, R. N.and Meena, A. K. 2021. Effects of organic manures and green manuring on growth, yield, economics and quality of lemongrass (Cymbopogon Flexuosus L.) in custard apple (Annona Squamosa L.) based agri-horti system. Bangladesh Journal of Botany, 50(3): 499-506.
Mazumdar, B.C. and Majumdar, K. 2003. Methods on physicochemical analysis of fruits. www. Sundeepbooks.com. 187p.
Mosavi-Azandehi, S. M., Ansari, M. H., Sharifi, P. and Hoor, S. S. 2023. The effect of organic amendments on soil microbial activity and yield of faba bean (Vicia faba) inoculated with Rhizobium leguminosarum. The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 93(8): 893–898.
Nasiri Dehsorkhi, A., Makarian, H., Varnaseri Ghandali, V. and Salari, N. 2018.Investigation of effect of humic acid and vermicompost application on yield and yield components of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.). Applied Field Crop Research, 31(1): 93-113.
Olk, D. C., Dinnes, D. L., Rene Scoresby, J., Callaway, C. R. and Darlington, J. W. 2018. Humic products in agriculture: potential benefits and research challenges, a review. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 18, 2881-2891.
Safaei, L., Sharifi Ashoorabadi, E., Afiuni, D., Davazdah Emami, S. and Shoaii, A. A. 2014. The effect of different nutrition systems on aerial parts and essential oil yield of Thymus daenensis Celak. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 30(5), 702-713.
Sajjadi, S. A., Spidkar, Z., Razavi, A. and Mehri, S. 2020. Effect of Azotobacter chroococcum and different rates of nitrogen fertilizer on coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L. Moench) yield and phytochemical properties. Journal of Ornamental Plants, 10(3): 191-203.
Sharafabad, Z. H., Abdipour, M., Hosseinifarahi, M., Kelidari, A. and Rashidi, L. 2022. Integrated humic acid and vermicomposting changes essential oil quantity, and quality in field-grown Lavandula angustifolia L. intercropped with Brassica nigra L. Industrial Crops and Products, 178, 114635.
Shokrani F, Pirzad A, Zardoshti MR and Darvishzadeh R, 2012. Effect of irrigation disruption and biological nitrogen on growth and flower yield in Calendula officinalis L. African Journal of Biotechnology, 11 (21): 4795 - 4802.
Tejada, M. and González, J. L. 2009. Application of two vermicomposts on a rice crop: effects on soil biological properties and rice quality and yield. – Agronomy journal, 101(2): 336−344.
Upadhya, A. K., Singh, R., Singh, P. K., Sengar, R. K., Kumar, M. and Singh, N. V. 2022. Effect of integrated nutrient management on plant growth, flower yield of African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.). The Pharma Innovation Journal, 11(5): 2064-2069.
Vessey, J.K. 2003. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria as biofertilizers. Plant and Soil, 255: 571 – 86.
