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Open Access Article
1 - Synchronization of a Class of Neutral Chaotic Systems based on Adaptive Sliding Mode Control Approach
amirhosein rostamPour Assef Zare Narges ShafaeiSynchronization of a Class of Neutral Chaotic Systems based on Adaptive Sliding Mode Control Approach Synchronization of a Class of Neutral Chaotic Systems based on Adaptive Sliding Mode Control Approach Synchronization of a Class of Neutral Chaotic Systems based MoreSynchronization of a Class of Neutral Chaotic Systems based on Adaptive Sliding Mode Control Approach Synchronization of a Class of Neutral Chaotic Systems based on Adaptive Sliding Mode Control Approach Synchronization of a Class of Neutral Chaotic Systems based on Adaptive Sliding Mode Control Approach In this paper, adaptive control mechanism for finite time synchronization of a specific class of neutral chaotic systems is considered equal to unknown Delays disturbance and uncertainty. Delays and parameters are considered and different for two neutral chaotic systems equal to the master and the slave. The neutral chaotic system is introduced using a positive Lyapunov exponent and finite Attractor. in the proposed adaptive control mechanism two linear and adaptive sliding mode controllers have been used for synchronization.in the proposed approach control mechanism,the rules for updating the unknown parameters have been introduced by Lipshitz condition in chaotic system and use of Lyapunov function stability proposed control system in robust synchronization mentioned system have been confirmed. Finally, synchronization is performed between the master and slave neutral chaotic system )Jark and Gensiotsio( with nonlinear uncertainty and external disturbance as well as parameters and unknown time delay. Examination of the simulation results shows that the controller overcame the external disturbance and boundary uncertainty in the shortest time. And The estimation of the parameters of the main system is well done, which indicates the accuracy of the theory analysis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Landslide hazard evaluation and zonation mapping in Valdian area Using Anbalagan method, East Khoy
HASSAN HAJI HOSSEINLOULandslides are one of the most destructive phenomena of nature that cause damage to both property and life every year, and therefore, landslide susceptibility zonation maps are needed for future developmental activities ;Nevertheles , due to complex nature of landslides MoreLandslides are one of the most destructive phenomena of nature that cause damage to both property and life every year, and therefore, landslide susceptibility zonation maps are needed for future developmental activities ;Nevertheles , due to complex nature of landslides, usually,a reliable susceptibility map could not prepared by a simple method. For this reason, many procedures have been used to produce such maps. Using Anbalagan Sets to produce a landslide susceptibility map of viliage valdian aria in 1:250000 scale is the main purpose of the present study. Geology, slope angle, rainfall, earthquake and slope aspect were considered as the main landslide factors in the study area. According to produced map, about 9% of the study area is classified as very high susceptibility and about 33% as high susceptibility area. The sudy shows the high sensitivity of viliage valdian aria to slope instability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Landslide feasibility of using GIS in watershed Gelalrood
فتح الله نادریOne of main strategies for restricting the damage caused by the activity of landslides is assessment and zonation of different region in the term of susceptibility to landslide by prepare landslide zonation hazard map. Contain of the Gelalrood watershed of Ilam was reas MoreOne of main strategies for restricting the damage caused by the activity of landslides is assessment and zonation of different region in the term of susceptibility to landslide by prepare landslide zonation hazard map. Contain of the Gelalrood watershed of Ilam was reason have conditions climatically and Litho logy. Pro identifying locations landslide prone, first, known effective parameters in occurs that phenomena include soil and rock mettle, geology structure, hillside form, land use, relative elevation and groundwater. Then, for preparation information layers and evolution each parameters and composition there and upshot prepare landslide mapping utilize in geography information system. Using for weigh at yardsticks pro mountainous region in Anbalagan method. Yardstick weigh exist ingredient for every layer according to maximum role be which inner that layer and at landslide effective. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Using Boolean and fuzzy logic and weighting factors for landslide and sediment hazard analysis in the watershed of Chelgerd- Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province
Ali Akbar Jamali Mohamad Ali HakimiErosion such as landslide is phenomenon that causes wasting of many water and soil resources and destructing natural resources. The objective is landslide hazard mapping. Landslide can be the main source for sediment supply. The region was Chelgerd watershed in Shahreko MoreErosion such as landslide is phenomenon that causes wasting of many water and soil resources and destructing natural resources. The objective is landslide hazard mapping. Landslide can be the main source for sediment supply. The region was Chelgerd watershed in Shahrekord. For landslide hazard mapping, information layers including slope, elevation lithology, land use, distance to road, distance to stream, distance to fault and to springs as effective parameters of landslide have been recognized and digitized. After fuzzy standardizing of constraints and factors by methods fuzzy and Boolean weighing factors using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was incorporated. Final phase, landslide hazard zonation map was prepared. Results show that 49 percent of studied land are high and very high risk zones located. In this study, the most landslides occur in 500 meters from road and 400 meters from Stream with dip ranging from 15 to 50 percent at the elevation of 2600 meters moreover, agricultural lands and gardens within Khankat and Neyriz formation contain the most landslides. Since the possibility of landslide in the vicinity of roads and Stream, with medium dip is very high. It is necessary to be considered in managing of the area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - The study of the Geomorphology and the Erosion in Alomoute river basin.
SH GHAHRAMANI محمد رضا SARVATIThe Alamute rood basin is located in central Alborz montain , and is one of the trinmings and the main lops of the Shahrood river and at last beside a basin of the Sefidrood vast basin in the east – north of Ghazvin. Each year 40 milliun of the sediment of t MoreThe Alamute rood basin is located in central Alborz montain , and is one of the trinmings and the main lops of the Shahrood river and at last beside a basin of the Sefidrood vast basin in the east – north of Ghazvin. Each year 40 milliun of the sediment of this surface is separated and move to rivers flows and at last pour to Sefidrood dam and the surface of the below before the Sefidrood dam lake. At the bottom of the Allamute valley and the middle of the basin the markers that is related to Neogen period include sediment of evaporated and discontracted and also the makers of paleogen in the sowth hight and the makers of the kartase and infra kambrin in the North hight. The landforms that are the same on old conic. Erosion valley and the earthquicks specially in the Neogen and red and small sediment in konglomera in Neogen and also erosion cliff. In this way 16% of the rigeon that are in the makers of the Neogen have the hard and influenced of the forming of sediment. Paint this geomorphology that is influenced in the erosion and the sediment in the basin. The topography factor is the fint factor and the geometry and the kind ofter sond is the second and the coverage of the greens factor that is included the act changes of the farms for the herbivorons is the last factor of the erosion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Geomorphology of loess - deposit Case study: South and East of Aghband north of Golestan – Province
M.R Servati M.R ZandmoghadamThis paper presents the processes and forms that are shaped in loess deposit in the south and east of Aghband. The study area is the Centre of agriculture of Golestan- province. Therefore the investigation of erosion outcrops such as gully erosion, badland and landslid MoreThis paper presents the processes and forms that are shaped in loess deposit in the south and east of Aghband. The study area is the Centre of agriculture of Golestan- province. Therefore the investigation of erosion outcrops such as gully erosion, badland and landslide in the study area is important. Another important processes are the characteristics of arid and semi arid climate as well as other natural factors involved. Using the laboratory methods which were carried out on soils of the study area has shown that the presence of limestone, silt, clay and gips of the loess- deposit has led to the forming of Gully erosion in arid- central part, piping in semi- arid- part and landslide in humid sourthern part and badland topography in most parts of northern and southern parts of the study area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Landslide Hazard Zonation Using Analytical Hierarchy Process Method Case Study: Siah Khor Basin
Mohammad Reza Nowjavan Ghorlamreza HayatiSiah khor basin locating on the outskirts of Western Islam Abad enjoys a wide variety oflandslides which have posed a threat to pasturelands and implementing watershedmanagement plans in the area. Studying the landslide condition in the region, its zonation aswell as id MoreSiah khor basin locating on the outskirts of Western Islam Abad enjoys a wide variety oflandslides which have posed a threat to pasturelands and implementing watershedmanagement plans in the area. Studying the landslide condition in the region, its zonation aswell as identifying the areas which are more sensitive to landslides and also specifying themount of relocation and the its relevant mechanisms will enable us to control andpredict preventive action in response to the possible dangers in the future. landslides andstudying the factors and elements causing them can result in rapid and better control ofthem.In this research we have tried using AHP application model based on the optimalexpertise in the area of Seahkhor Basin landslide zonation map extracted. For this purpose, aDelphi consensus techniques, GIS and multi-criteria decision making is used. Analysis resultsshow that factor analysis, hierarchical in Seahkhor Basin, geology, land use, and precipitation,the most important parameters influencing landslides in the area are the Seahkhor Basin.Seahkhor Basin landslide zonation map of the area shows a total of more than 70% of criticaland semi-critical status and potential of the landslide. The landslide distribution in North,North East, Central and South West areas of special geological and topographical conditionsas well as changes in land use is indiscriminate. The management of mass movements in theseareas should be considered further. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - An Investigation of Effective Factors in landslide Hazard Using GIS (Case Study: Safaroud Basin)
عیسی Jokar SarhangiLandslide is one of the natural disasters that causes loss of life, financial damages,slide mass into rivers and other problems. Recognition of the factors and processes thatcontinuously influenced on the amplitudes and made them tend towards instability, caneffectively MoreLandslide is one of the natural disasters that causes loss of life, financial damages,slide mass into rivers and other problems. Recognition of the factors and processes thatcontinuously influenced on the amplitudes and made them tend towards instability, caneffectively help to reduce these damaes. This research has been carried out in SafaroudBasin, Ramsar, to determine effective factors in landslide hazard, classify the factors,determine the weight or rate that indicate the functions of these factors in occuringlandslides. This research is evaluated the factors of lithology, fault, hight, Slope,direction, rainfall, channel, soil, vegetation, ramp and villages of area and GIS hasbeen used for preparing and integrating thematic layers and evaluating all of thefactors, weighting and combining them. It is used to weighting the criteria by AHP.The criterion of weighting of the existing elements in each layer has been based ont he most effective role played in the layer and in landslide. The obtained results showt hat the effective factors in the landslide hazards of the area are systematically relatedt o each other and wherever a man has more interfered and the role of effective factorshas been more, the landslide hazard has been more. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Analysis and investigation of landslide hazard zoning using of hierarchical analysis and artificial neural network models in the southern foothills of the Alborz (Tajrish of Tehran)
Mohsen Ranjbar Asal FadakIn this research, by review of previous works and field works, the Nine factors identifiedeffective factors in landslide hazard and used for analysis risk by GIS software. the occurredland slides in the study area were gathered and rectified by GPS. These Nine maps were MoreIn this research, by review of previous works and field works, the Nine factors identifiedeffective factors in landslide hazard and used for analysis risk by GIS software. the occurredland slides in the study area were gathered and rectified by GPS. These Nine maps werecrossed with the occurred landslide map and Landslides amounts and their areas werecomputed in each class. After determining the rate of each factor (element), land slidezonation was performed in GIS by artificial neural network and AHP Models. The efficiencyof output results of models was assessed by DR and QS indices. The results of DR indexshowed The map was produced using a neural network than maps produced using the analytichierarchy higher accuracy for the study area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Feasibility of landslide risk using Entropy model, case study: (Shirpnah mountainous region in South West Kermanshah Province)
Shirin Mohammadkhan Abdolkarim Veisi Keyvan BagheriThe main objective of this study is landslide Susceptibility mapping in the Shirpanah, byusing of Entropy model and evaluation of this model in the zoning of landslides occurrenceof Shirpanah Mountain and the extent of the influence of each of these five factors on theo MoreThe main objective of this study is landslide Susceptibility mapping in the Shirpanah, byusing of Entropy model and evaluation of this model in the zoning of landslides occurrenceof Shirpanah Mountain and the extent of the influence of each of these five factors on theoccurrence of the landslide. In the survey aerial photographs, satellite imagery, topographicmaps, geological maps and field research to identify the area and were photography from theoccurred landslide. In order to landslide susceptibility Mapping in the area of entropy modelwas used in GIS environment. The results show that the distance of the fault, slope,elevation, lithology and slope, have respectively, the greatest impact of landslides in thisarea. The total area of 20 km² (32%) is consist of in high-risk areas and 380 km² (84/48%) inaverage-risk zones. This suggests that the potential risk of landslides in the area is high. Alsothe results suggest that a 60 percent area landslides in the area in the sensitive areasidentified by the entropy model was located. Therefore, the validity of the proposed model isverified and Susceptibility maps produced can be used as a reference in the planning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Assessment and Landslide Hazard Zonation by Anbalagan Method and ArcGIS (Case study: Chak rood Drainage Basin)
Mehdi shafaghati Ataolah MaslehatjoIn drainage basin of the northern part of Iran, landslide hazard is increasing because of sensitive formation, incorrect land use, and more rain. One of main strategies for restricting the damage caused by the activity of landslides is assessment and zonation of differe MoreIn drainage basin of the northern part of Iran, landslide hazard is increasing because of sensitive formation, incorrect land use, and more rain. One of main strategies for restricting the damage caused by the activity of landslides is assessment and zonation of different region in the term of susceptibility to landslide by prepare landslide zonation hazard map. There are different methods for zoning, Anbalagan method purposed to gain the results. In this method, the required map (slope, aspect, land use, litology, structural litology, ground water, landform and facet map) provided with GIS softwares, Arcmap, then weighted with Anbalagan method. The landslide zonation map is prepared. Finally, for the accuracy evaluation of the Anbalagan method, the landslide distribution map provided for the area. Then compared with landslide zonation map. The results have shown that most of landslides are occurred in HHzone which were predicted by this method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Zoning of landslide Potential In Sorkhab Basin(lorestan Province) with Employment of Weight Model
منیژه Ghahroodi Tali زهرا RahimzadehSorkhab basin that is one of the sub basin of Sezar river is located in middle of Zagrossmountain in lorestan province. The most important characteristic of this region ismountainous quality with compress mountain and deep valises. The slope of this regionare suitable f MoreSorkhab basin that is one of the sub basin of Sezar river is located in middle of Zagrossmountain in lorestan province. The most important characteristic of this region ismountainous quality with compress mountain and deep valises. The slope of this regionare suitable for mass wasting because of its inherent characteristics and exiting of naturalhumanfactors. The aims of this research is the zoning of land slide potential risk inSorkhab basin and recognition of some effective factors for this phenomenon. To obtainfor this purpose the role of many factors such as: lithology, digital elevation model, slope, aspect, distance of fult,landuse, annual rainfall,freezing days, temperature oscillation andisoseismic on the Sorkhab basin have been analysis and the result of that has given asweight model. According to the finally results, high risk almost 35% and with totalmiddle risk , mass wasting threat mire than half if this area Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Landslide hazard zonation of Ardebil __ Astara road using of GIS
Fariba EsfandyariSlope discontinuity is one of the main factors of the change of geometrical form ofthe regional reliefes. Product transportation of denudation is from the highest landsand mountains to valleys and then toward the sedimental basins.The mass movementsof the slope material MoreSlope discontinuity is one of the main factors of the change of geometrical form ofthe regional reliefes. Product transportation of denudation is from the highest landsand mountains to valleys and then toward the sedimental basins.The mass movementsof the slope materials like slip and slope discontinuity cause this and of course is thereason of the movement of large amount of slope material toward the valleys. Now theroad between Ardebil-Astara is changing because of the processes of slip and slopediscontinuty.In fact the existence of the factor like Lithology, the distance from the fault,vegetation, gravity force and change in the degree of slope, loading and the totalweight of the slope material, kind, classification and thickness of the material,rainwater, melting snow and ice, watering, topography situation and directioning of theslopes,land using and human factors cause the instability and discontinuty of theslopes throught the referred aea. So the map of the classifying the area with thepotential of landslide in this region is provided by the Arcview GIS software. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - The performance of the maximum entropy algorithm and geographic information system in shallow landslide susceptibility assessment
Faezeh Rajabzadeh saeed ghiasi omid RahmatiShallow landslide is one of the natural hazards that damage life and property of people in mountainous watershed. Due to the fact that a lot of landslides events have been occurred in this watershed, assessment the risk of shallow landslides by using appropriate methods MoreShallow landslide is one of the natural hazards that damage life and property of people in mountainous watershed. Due to the fact that a lot of landslides events have been occurred in this watershed, assessment the risk of shallow landslides by using appropriate methods and determine of effective factors in reduce the hazards of it is so effective. The potential of using maximum entropy modeling for landslide susceptibility mapping is investigated. In the case study of west of Ardabil province, 74 landslide occurrences were identified, 52 landslides (70%) used for training and the 22 landslides (30%) applied for validation purpose. environmental factors including continuous (altitude, slope, aspect, plan curvature, drainage density, and rainfall) and categorical (lithology and landuse) data were used as inputs for modeling. From the optimal setting test based on cross-validation, a continuous data and its combination with categorical data showed the best predictive performance. The results of validation showed that the ROC and AUC for success and prediction rate of model was 96.1 and 97.6%, respectively. Factor contribution analysis indicated that altitude and rainfall layers were the most influential factors. From interpretations on a response curve, steeply sloping areas that consisted of excessively covered with old alluvial terrace soils were very susceptible to landslides. Predictive performance of maximum entropy modeling was slightly better than that other models like of a logistic regression which has been used widely to assess landslide susceptibility. Therefore, Maximum entropy modeling is shown to be an effective prediction model for landslide susceptibility mapping. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Landslide susceptibility mapping in order to control the agricultural lands degradation (Case Study: Taleghan watershed)
Amir Eshaghi Hasan Ahmadi بهارک معتمدوزیری Aliakbar Nazari SamaniLandslide is the one of the most important factors on agricultural lands degradation of Taleghan watershed. Landslide is one type of mass movements causing lands degradation, accelerating soil erosion and delivering sediment to Taleghan dam, annually. Landslide suscepti MoreLandslide is the one of the most important factors on agricultural lands degradation of Taleghan watershed. Landslide is one type of mass movements causing lands degradation, accelerating soil erosion and delivering sediment to Taleghan dam, annually. Landslide susceptibility mapping is the first step for landslide hazard assessment and mitigation. The main aim of this study has been the landslide susceptibility mapping in order to identify areas prone to this phenomena and controlling lands degradation in Taleghan watershed. For this purpose, thematic maps of effective factors on landslide, including elevation, slope angle, aspect, plan curvature, mean annual precipitation, mean annual temperature, lithology, land-use, vegetation density, distance from faults, distance from streams and distance from roads, are prepared by using geographical information system (GIS), topographic maps, Satellite images and field survey. These factors have analyzed using multiple regression method to construct the landslide susceptibility maps. The results showed that about 26 percent of watershed lands have been situated in high and very high susceptible area; that most part of this area have been located in lithology gy2 (consist of marl with high gypsum and salt), dry farming land-use and 0-500 meter distance from the faults. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - The Effect of Topography on Surface Sliding of the COMPLEX HILLSLOPES of Watersheds Using SINMAP and TOPMODEL Models
Farid Bahmani Mohammad Hadi Fattahi Touraj Sabzevari Ali Talebi Ali Torabi haghighiBackground and Aim: The slopes of watersheds in nature have three converging, divergent and parallel shapes in terms of plan shape and three convex, concave and flat shapes in terms of floor curvature. In general, there are 9 shapes and geometries for hillslopes, which MoreBackground and Aim: The slopes of watersheds in nature have three converging, divergent and parallel shapes in terms of plan shape and three convex, concave and flat shapes in terms of floor curvature. In general, there are 9 shapes and geometries for hillslopes, which are called complex hillslopes. Past researches have shown that the topography and geometry of the complex hillslopes have an effect on many hydrological characteristics of the domains, such as the degree of saturation. The degree of saturation of the domain points depends on the concentration of subsurface flow at each point, which is influenced by the shape of the design and topography of the domain. The purpose of this research is the effect of topography on the surface sliding of the complex hillslopes of the watersheds using SINMAP and TOPMODEL models. Method: In this research, the TOPMODEL model was used to check the degree of saturation of the complex hillslopes, and the equations of this model were modified so that it could consider the topography of the domains, and the results of the saturation in the TOPMODEL model were transferred to a sliding model called SINMAP. And the effect of domain topography on the stability of complex domains was investigated and compared with MATLAB coding and drawing shapes. It should be noted that the aforementioned models are used based on hydrological and topographical data. The methods used in this research are generally applicable to all geographical and climatic regions. Results:Considering that in this research, the saturation index was calculated from TOPMODEL, which indicates the degree of concentration of subsurface flow at any point of the domain and determines the saturation of different points of the domain and has a significant effect on the stability of compex hillslopes and based on the average the stability coefficient of the slopes, on average, convex slopes have more stability than flat and concave slopes, and divergent slopes have more stability than convergent slopes, and the higher the saturation layer thickness and soil hydraulic transfer coefficient, the more stable the slope is. and as the amount of effective rainfall increases and as a result the soil moisture increases, the stability of the slopes decreases. Conclusion: Based on the results obtained in this research, in the downstream parts, the concave slopes are more stable than the upstream part of the slope, while it is the opposite in the convex slopes. Compared to the saturation index, the local slope of the domain points is a much more important factor in determining the stability of the domains. Based on the average saturation index, convex domains are more stable than concave and divergent domains are more stable than convergent domains. It should be noted that in flat slopes with different plan shapes, the slope value is constant, but the degree of saturation of flat-convergent slopes is more than that of smooth-divergent slopes, and it has made some points of the flat-convergent slope more unstable, and the stability value is from top to side. The bottom becomes less and the end parts of the smooth-convergent domain are in an unstable state, but the entire smooth-parallel and smooth-divergent domains are in a stable state. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Landslide Hazard Zoning in Marivan Porivine (Case study: Tefli Village)
Shahram Baikpour Noushin Khavarian moghadamIntroduction: The study area (Tefli village) is located in Kurdistan, Iran. According to Iran’s tectonics classification it is part of the “Zagros Fold Belt”. The aim of this study is to prepare a relative risk zoning map of hill slide instability and MoreIntroduction: The study area (Tefli village) is located in Kurdistan, Iran. According to Iran’s tectonics classification it is part of the “Zagros Fold Belt”. The aim of this study is to prepare a relative risk zoning map of hill slide instability and landslide in “Tefli” village. Methods: Initially, nine factors were identified as effective parameters on landslides in the study area, therefore the Phasing method was used in order to prioritize these factors and to make the landslides risk zone of the area. Results: The study showing that 63\14, 10\48, 11\52, 9\60 & 5\24 percent of the area classified to “very low, low, moderate, high, very high” risk zone respectively and “Road” and “Fault” defined as the most effective factors for landslides events. Conclusions: According to the geographical position of the area, formations type and topographic situation, the study area is located in an unstable and high potential of landslide hazard zone. Consequently, slope sustainability methods in unstable hill slides can be used in order to increase the safety of the area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Landslide Susceptibility Zoning Using New Synthetic Method in the GIS Environment
Majid Mohammady Hamzeh NoorIntroduction: Landslides are one of the most natural hazards in hilly regions with great human and economic losses in the worldwide. Iran is always exposed to landslide susceptibility because of climatic and physiographic conditions. The purpose of this research is land MoreIntroduction: Landslides are one of the most natural hazards in hilly regions with great human and economic losses in the worldwide. Iran is always exposed to landslide susceptibility because of climatic and physiographic conditions. The purpose of this research is landslide susceptibility mapping using AHP-Density area model in GIS environment in the part of Haraz Watershed. Methods: Landslide inventory map was created using field surveys, and then conditioning factors were prepared. Using AHP model and Expert Choice software, weight of each factor was calculated. Weight of classes for each factor was calculated using the density area model in the GIS environment. Finally, weight of classes and weight of factors was multiplied. Weighted map was integrated in GIS environment and the final zoning map created. Results: Results indicated that lithology, distance from road, slope angle, distance from drainage network, land use, elevation, and slope aspect are the main landslide controlling factors in the area. Results showed that slope of 15-50 percent, north and west facing, altitude of 1,500–2,100 m, residential and mixing orchard and agriculture area types of land use, distance of 500 meter from road and 400 meter from drainage network, Shemshak formation and fluvial terraces are very susceptible to landslide. Discussion and conclusion: In general, study area is very susceptible to landslide occurrence and landslide susceptibility mapping is very essential in this region. The resultant map would be useful for general land use planning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Landslide susceptibility mapping using frequency ratio, logistic regression and AHP models in the part of Golestan province
Majid Mohammady Shantia Jamal Arman MansooriBackground and objective: Iran is always exposed to landslide hazard especially in the north because of climatic and topographic conditions. Identification of landslide prone areas and its hazards is one of the first works in natural resources management and development MoreBackground and objective: Iran is always exposed to landslide hazard especially in the north because of climatic and topographic conditions. Identification of landslide prone areas and its hazards is one of the first works in natural resources management and development programs. Policymakers pay high attention to landslide investigation in order to landslide susceptibility mapping and identifying susceptible areas and stable locations for development of new settlements in the future. The main goal of his research is landslide susceptibility mapping in the part of Golestan province.Material and Methodology: 78 landslides were identified from the field surveys in the part of Golestan province, and then landslide inventory map was created in year 2016. Effective factor maps such as slope degree, slope aspect, plan curvature, altitude, lithology, land use, distance from road, distance from fault, distance from drainage and slope-length (LS), were prepared in the GIS environment. Three methods such as analytical hierarchy process, frequency ratio and logistic ratio were applied to landslide susceptibility mapping. Also ROC curve was used to accuracy assessment of susceptibility mapsFindings: prioritization of effective factors using AHP showed that distance from road, slope, distance from drainage and distance from residential area have the most effect on landslide occurrence. Landslide susceptibility map obtained from three models was compared using Relative Operating Characteristic (ROC) and Area under Curve (AUC). The result showed that frequency ratio model with the AUC equal to 0.8 has the most accuracy to landslide susceptibility mapping.Discussion and Conclusion: In general, the results showed that the study area has a high potential for landslides occurrence. Identifying susceptible areas help to prevent changes in the natural state of these areas as much as possible. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Landslide Modeling with Strategy Management in Urban Planning (The Case Study: Tabriz City)
ziba Beheshti Alirezeza Gharaguzlu Seyed Masoud Monavari MirMasoud Kheirkhah ZarkeshBackground and Objective: Due to increasing constructions on clay and marl hells in part of Tabriz and because of the unfavorable quality and characteristics of the soil and its liquefaction during earthquake, the area is also exposed to the risk of landside. This paper MoreBackground and Objective: Due to increasing constructions on clay and marl hells in part of Tabriz and because of the unfavorable quality and characteristics of the soil and its liquefaction during earthquake, the area is also exposed to the risk of landside. This paper attempts to demonstrate the risk of landslide in Tabriz using visual and statistical evidence. Material and Methodogy: landside susceptibility assessment was performed by means of Evidential Belief Function Model. Then The environmental impacts assessment of landslide were performed using promethean II model in three environmental, economic, and social phases, and at end, the landslide strategy plan was developed to help decision makers, the statistics used in this research are related to year 2016. Findings: 82/9% of Tabriz areas are at risk of landslides. High construction densities were identified with residential areas below 75 m2. Access to the city’s road network is less than 30%. 142 hectares in health centers, 853hec in facilities and equipment, 430hecin urban green space deficiency was identified. More than 70% of vital centers require strengthening. Discussion and conclusion: required zones in medical department, security, urban green space, vital centers require strengthening, facilities and equipment presented. The average landslide velocity from 1956 to 2020 is 41/65 meter. High slope and location difference, the texture of the earth and its non-dense layers, northern slope snow catcher, fine texture, the gradual erosion of sediments is effective in creating landslides over time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Landslide risk zoning using Spatial Multi-Criteria Evaluation method (SMCE) (Case study: Fereidan watershed)
Seyed Zeynalabedin Hosseini Ehsan Arabian Reza Ghorbani Solmaz Amoushahi Vahideh Tahmasebi Mohsen SadeghianBackground and Objective: Landslides are classified as natural disasters that pose financial losses and deaths in the country annually. Besides, identification of high risk areas can be effective in reducing the damage and improving decisions on land-development policie MoreBackground and Objective: Landslides are classified as natural disasters that pose financial losses and deaths in the country annually. Besides, identification of high risk areas can be effective in reducing the damage and improving decisions on land-development policies. Preparation of landslide zoning map makes it possible to identify the vulnerable areas and use them in various environmental programs. In this study, the multi-criteria methods were presented to create the landslide capability map using geographical information system and decision rules. The aim of producing landslide capability map is to reduce the risks of landslides and support land development policies in the watershed scale. Method: In this regards, different factors such as geology, slope, aspect, landuse, distance to road, rivers and fault maps were employed. Additionally, slope and river maps were expressed as restrictions. After weighing the factors and sub-factors, the landslide sensitivity maps were converted to the values ranged as 0-1. Afterward, in terms of sensitivity the final map was classified to three classes of low risk, moderate risk and high risk. Findings: The results showed that some factors such as precipitation, geology and slope have the highest impact on landslide occurrence and should be considered with more emphasis in order to be used for planning and policy making in the study area. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the results, the first group factors including geology, landuse, slope and aspect and the second group factors including land distance from fault, river, road and rainfall are weighed as 0.6 and 0.4, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - طراحی یک روش کنترلکننده سطح لغزشیِ کسریِ بدون چترینگ برای پایدارسازی سیستمهای آشوبناک از مرتبه غیرصحیح
R. Ziaratban A. R. Haghighi P. Reihaniدر این مقاله یک روش کنترل کنندهی غیرخطی مود لغزشی برای پایدارسازی سیستمهای آشوبناک مرتبهی کسری غیرخطی با وجود نامعینی مدل و اغتشاشات خارجی طراحی گردیدهاست. ویژگی اصلی این کنترل کننده به حداقل رساندن چترینگ و همچنین همگرایی سریع به نقطهی تعادل و مقاومت در برابر نامع Moreدر این مقاله یک روش کنترل کنندهی غیرخطی مود لغزشی برای پایدارسازی سیستمهای آشوبناک مرتبهی کسری غیرخطی با وجود نامعینی مدل و اغتشاشات خارجی طراحی گردیدهاست. ویژگی اصلی این کنترل کننده به حداقل رساندن چترینگ و همچنین همگرایی سریع به نقطهی تعادل و مقاومت در برابر نامعینیها میباشد. برای اثبات پایداری سیستم کنترلشده بر اساس روش مستقیم تئوری لیاپانف در حالت کسری از مدل فرکانس توزیعشده استفاده شدهاست. مثالهای کاربردی و شبیهسازیهای عددی برای نشان دادن کارایی روش پیشنهادی ارائه شدهاست. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Inventory of Landslide as an Environmental Hazard and Investigation of its Impact on Forest (Case Study: Chafrood District; Guilan Province)
Tooba Abedi seyeid ataollah Hosseini Ramin NaghdiWindthrow in forest ecosystems is due to different microsites creation that can be effective on biodiversity of plant elements. Canopy gaps and pit – mounds (PMs) creation are the most common microsites.Current reseach was considered to investigate MoreWindthrow in forest ecosystems is due to different microsites creation that can be effective on biodiversity of plant elements. Canopy gaps and pit – mounds (PMs) creation are the most common microsites.Current reseach was considered to investigate of the effect of these microsites on diversity, richness and evenness parameters. For this purpose, twenty hectare areas considered in the Tarbiat Modares University Experimental Forest Station that is located in Mazandaran province, northern Iran. Twenty onecanopy gaps with thirty four uprooted trees were found in these areas. Line transect method was used forsampling and plant abundances were also recorded in canopy gaps. Circles plots with radius of 4 meter in intersection of PMs and 20 - 30 meter distance far from PM position were designed for recording cover percent of herbaceous plants. The diversity parameters were significantly different in canopy gaps areas. Biodiversity indices amounts had ascending trend with increasing of canopy gaps areas. PMs were significantly effective on diversityparameters also. Diversity and evenness indices showed significantly increasing on PMs position.Richness was increased on PMs, but no significant statistically difference was considered. The obtained results are indicating windthrow is effective on plant community''s dynamics, which should be considered in forest management Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Robust Sliding Mode Control of Robot Manipulators Using the Fourier Series Expansion in the Presence of Uncertainty
Abdullah Hadipoor Siamak Azargoshasb Abdolrasool GhasemiIn this paper, a robust dynamic slip mode controller for an electrical robot manipulator is presented. The control law calculates the motor voltage based on the voltage control strategy. Uncertainties are estimated using the Fourier series expansion and the cutting erro MoreIn this paper, a robust dynamic slip mode controller for an electrical robot manipulator is presented. The control law calculates the motor voltage based on the voltage control strategy. Uncertainties are estimated using the Fourier series expansion and the cutting error is compensated. Fourier coefficients are adjusted based on stability analysis. Also in this paper is the design of a robust controller using a new adaptive Fourier series extension. Compared to previous related works based on the Fourier series expansion, the advantage of this paper is that it provides a matching law for the main frequency of the Fourier series expansion and thus eliminates the need for trial and error in its regulation. A case study of a Scara robot powered by DC magnet electric motors. The effect of uncertainty estimation based on the Fourier series expansion is studied instead of using the sign function. The proposed method is also compared with Legendre polynomials. The simulation results confirm the robust and satisfactory performance of the proposed controller. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Comparison of the effectiveness of attachment therapy with motivational therapy in reducing slippage, recurrence, craving and continued substance abstinence in patients with substance-dependent borderline personality disorder
hojjatolah tahmasebian vahid ahmadi shahram mamiThe aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of attachment therapy with motivational therapy in reducing slippage, recurrence, craving and continued substance abstinence in patients with substance-dependent borderline personality disorder. The present study wa MoreThe aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of attachment therapy with motivational therapy in reducing slippage, recurrence, craving and continued substance abstinence in patients with substance-dependent borderline personality disorder. The present study was a quasi-experimental interventional study with pre-test post-test design with control group and 3-month follow-up. The statistical population of all substance abusers with borderline personality disorder referred to addiction treatment centers in Kermanshah city, 60 of whom were selected by convenience sampling method. Ross Adult Attachment Questionnaire (RASS Adult Attachment, 1996), Gashtasbi Asl et al.’s Borderline Personality Disorder (2017), Miller and Tonikan’s Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness (1996), McMullen Addiction Thoughts (1990), researcher-made questionnaire on recurrence, craving, slip and abstinence, Motivational intervention of Transtheoretical model of change (Procheska and D. Clemente, 1990) and Attachment treatment protocol (Jahanbakhsh et al., 2011) was used. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance. The results showed that attachment therapy and motivational therapy significantly decreased the slip, recurrence and craving of patients and increased the continuity of abstinence. Attachment therapy and motivational therapy had an effect on the rate of slip, relapse, craving and persistence of patients in the follow-up test. The rate of changes in slip, relapse, craving and abstinence scores was higher in those who received attachment therapy than those who received motivational therapy. Attachment therapy is more effective in reducing slip, relapse, craving, and continued drug use than motivational therapy. The results showed that both intervention methods were effective in improving the consumption of people with borderline personality disorder. However, the effect of addiction treatment-based therapy in people with borderline personality disorder is more effective than attachment therapy than motivational therapy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Landslide susceptibility mapping using fuzzy-analytic network process
Elahe Akbari Ali Darvishi Boloorani Najmeh Neysani SamaniIn recent decades, with the expansion of human activities on the natural environment, a variety of hazards, including landslides, have had serious human and financial damage. As a result, landslide susceptibility assessment and identifying the critical areas for watersh MoreIn recent decades, with the expansion of human activities on the natural environment, a variety of hazards, including landslides, have had serious human and financial damage. As a result, landslide susceptibility assessment and identifying the critical areas for watershed protection seems to be necessary. In this study, landslide susceptibility using combined fuzzy and Analytic Network Process (FANP) methods has been modelled on the Farub Roman basin. To achieve this goal, four clusters; topography, biological, hydro-climate and geological and criteria such as elevation, slope, aspect, curvature, distance from roads, land use, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), distance from rivers, drainage density, rainfall, soil moisture index, distance from faults and lithology have been considered. The results showed that the Fuzzy-analytic network process model is appropriate for landslide susceptibility modelling for as much as in model validation through the Relative Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves, the AUC, 0.83 has achieved with the standard error; 0.07, of the P-value equal to zero. For assessing the landslide susceptibility in the Farub Roman basin based on the results of the ROC curve, fuzzy ANP model evaluated very well. In addition, the results showed that, 66% of the known landslides have been found in areas with high and very high sensitivity. Due to the estimation of the high and very high sensitivity of landslides; 51% of the total area, the implementation of studying watershed protection seems to be necessary. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Landslide hazard zonation using geographic information System landslide (Case study: Robat-Siahpoush rural district, Lorestan province)
Maryam Rahmati Farhad ZandReconstruction and development of the main road Robat-Siahpoush two rural district have increased the risk of mass movements in recent years. Due to the importance of the issue, inhibition and landslide hazard zoning is necessary as one of a variety of natural hazards i MoreReconstruction and development of the main road Robat-Siahpoush two rural district have increased the risk of mass movements in recent years. Due to the importance of the issue, inhibition and landslide hazard zoning is necessary as one of a variety of natural hazards in sustainable development. The objective of this study is to identify causes and amplifying factors of landslide and its hazard zoning using statistical and experimental models. Therefore, factors responsible for landslide occurrence, lithology, slope, aspect, soil type, land use, the distance of the fault, drainage, and roads have been analyzed in ArcGIS software. The results of the correlation between variables with the landslide frequency showed that slope, drainage and lithology are the effective parameters of the landslide, respectively. Furthermore, the distance road has introduced as a new amplification factor in the landslide occurrence. Comparing the matching rate of two variables information value and multivariate of regression models and their evaluation by CTA techniques, showed that the information value model in the very low, low, moderate, high and very high class of risk has allocated 30.06, 0.26, 19.11, 17.43 and 33.12% of the total area, respectively, and the allocated values of the multivariate regression model are 9.25, 12.54, 13.54, 53.06, and 11.57%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Environmental hazards zonation landslide, earthquake, flood and erosion using AHP Fuzzy method (Case study: Vark Basin)
Siyamak Baharvand salman soori Jafar Rahnama RadNatural hazards cause every year around the world, including Iran harmful damages. A Vark basin in the Lorestan province due to a variety of geological properties such as lithology, tectonic and climatic conditions, is taken as areas with potential environmental risks i MoreNatural hazards cause every year around the world, including Iran harmful damages. A Vark basin in the Lorestan province due to a variety of geological properties such as lithology, tectonic and climatic conditions, is taken as areas with potential environmental risks into account. To reduce the damage caused by these risks, earliest and foremost task is to determine areas with high potential risk. In order to evaluate environmental hazards in this basin, each informational layer has been identified and registered using the satellite images ETM+ (2016 year), geological maps, topographic maps and field visits (2017 year). Then, using the informational layers of the slope, aspect, elevation, land use, geology, the epicenter of the earthquake, fault, drainage and rainfall in ArcMap software and based on an AHP-Fuzzy method of the map, the risk of landslide, floods, erosion and earthquake have been prepared. In this study, in order to map the environmental risks using expert judgment, the Quartet Hazards of the region were weighted and then overlapped. Based on the results achieved, 9.03, 20.84, 27.68, 27.41 and 15.03 percent of the area ranked at-risk classes very low, low, medium, high and very high respectively. The results of the environmental risk map of the region show that landslides and flooding are a larger role in the creation of high-risk zones. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Landslide hazard zonation based on fuzzy-analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) and Multi-criteria decision analysis (Case study: Marbar river basin)
Mohammad Reza Sajjadi Ahmad Ahmadi Behnaz BigdeliBackground and ObjectiveLandslide as a terrifying disaster can cause human and economic losses and the destruction of cultural and natural heritage. While the need for a method to directly predict the location of landslides has vital importance but currently, the predic MoreBackground and ObjectiveLandslide as a terrifying disaster can cause human and economic losses and the destruction of cultural and natural heritage. While the need for a method to directly predict the location of landslides has vital importance but currently, the prediction is not possible. The zoning of landslide hazard can be an efficient indirect approach. This paper proposes a method for landslide hazard zoning based on the decision fusion and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) in the Semirom of Isfahan province. Materials and Methods In the first step of the proposed methodology of this research, GIS information layers of the study area are collected. Then by using of fuzzy and non-fuzzy hierarchical analysis method and based on expert knowledge, the layers and sub-layers were weighted. In addition, two different overlay methods including weighted overlay and fuzzy overlay are applied for zoning of the AHP and fuzzy AHP results. Combination of both AHP and fuzzy AHP methods with two overlay methods create four zoning maps for the area. The Fuzzy Overlay tool makes it possible for the analysis of the possibility of a phenomenon belonging to multiple sets in a multi-criteria overlay analysis. Not only the fuzzy overlay determines the influential members in the occurrence of a phenomenon but also analyzes the relationships between the memberships of several sets. Weight overlapping is one of the most effective methods used to overlay analysis to address multiple-criteria questions such as location selection and appropriate models. This method will adopt the values in the input raster to a common evaluation criterion for suitability or priority, risk, or appropriate scale. The cell values of each row of inputs increase with the increase of importance of the raster. It also combines the resultant cells to produce the output raster. After obtaining four zoning maps, a decision fusion strategy is applied for the fusion of these maps. Decision fusion systems or in general data fusion or combination strategies combines various decisions made from different methods or data to ultimately make decisions that are more precise and reliable than the result obtained from a single decision. One of the most important and effective methods for integrating decisions is based on the concept of voting. In this method, one vote is assigned to each decision. The simplest form of this method is known as the majority voting. In this method, if all decision-making methods have the same weight and accuracy, the decision of all strategies for an input sample is considered to be the same weight, and the decision with the highest score will be introduced as the winning class for the input sample. Results and Discussion The study area is located approximately 60 kilometers from Semirom city. Also, this area is located in Marbur River watershed. Generally, different factors can be effective in slope instability and landslide, which in this research, slope, aspect, distance to fault, distance to roads, distance to drainages, distance to residential areas, lithology and rainfall were selected for assessing the landslide phenomenon. These effective layers are obtained from information data such as Digital Elevation Model (DEM), fault lines, rivers location, streams location, residential areas, roads location, lithology and synoptic stations. The digital elevation model (DEM) of the region is prepared with 30 meters pixel size from the USGS website. By using DEM in GIS, slope and aspect maps in five classes are created. Faults map of the studied area is obtained from 1:100000 geology map of the Geology organization center of the country. Also, by using Euclidean distance in GIS, distance to faults layer is created in five classes. For preparation of rainfall map, the rainfall content of the studied area has been used from the average rainfall data of the Iran Meteorological Organization in the last 10 years of 19 meteoroidal stations. Based on the rainfall information, the area is divided into five classes. Roads map of the area is obtained from 1:25000 map of National Cartographic Center. The distance to road layer is created from roads map of the area and divided into five classes. For drainage and residential area maps, a 1:25000 map from NCC is applied. Also, distance to residential area layer is created by this map in five classes. For assessment of the lithology in this area, a 1:100000 geology map is applied. Conclusion Results showed that the zoning methods provide satisfactory results, but eventually the results were improved with the decision fusion strategy. For validation our finding the results were compared with historical landslides. Based on the results, it was concluded that zoning by four different combinations: hierarchical analysis and overweight analysis, hierarchical analysis and fuzzy overlay, fuzzy hierarchical analysis and weighted overlay, and fuzzy hierarchical analysis and fuzzy overlaying, have a precision of 80%, 86%, 75% and 88% respectively. After integrating the results of these four methods, the accuracy of the zoning increased to 90%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Landslide hazard zoning using frequency ratio, entropy methods and TOPSIS decision-making methods (Case study: Fahliyan basin, Fars)
SEYED VAHID RAZAVI TERMEH Kourosh ShiraniDistinguishing the susceptible areas to landslide using appropriate experimental models of landslide susceptibility mapping is one of the primitive and basic works to reduce probable damages and reduce risk in country's watersheds. In this research, thirteen factors, in MoreDistinguishing the susceptible areas to landslide using appropriate experimental models of landslide susceptibility mapping is one of the primitive and basic works to reduce probable damages and reduce risk in country's watersheds. In this research, thirteen factors, including altitude, slope, aspect, rainfall, plan curvature, profile curvature, Topographic Wetness Index (TWI), Stream power index (SPI), distance from the river, distance from road, distance from the fault, lithology, and land use are identified as effective parameters in landslide occurrence in the studied area. The landslide landslide distribution map was prepared using Landsat 2017 satellite imagery and Field studies (2017). Then, the landslide susceptibility mapping was performed with three methods, including frequency ratio, entropy and TOPSIS. The results were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The area under the curve (AUC) of applied models shows the accuracy of 84, 87.7, and 91 percent for entropy frequency ratio and TOPSIS models, respectively. The results are indicative statistical models have a better accuracy in comparison with MCDM models and expert approaches. The results of the present study could be useful for better managing the flood affected areas and to reduce its damage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Comparative evaluation of landslide susceptibility map using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Fuzzy methods
Ali Dastranj Hamzeh NoorBackground and ObjectiveAmong many natural hazards, landslides are one of the most widespread and destructive. Due to the high mountainous topography, tectonic activity, high seismicity, diverse geological and climatic conditions, basically, Iran has a natural condition MoreBackground and ObjectiveAmong many natural hazards, landslides are one of the most widespread and destructive. Due to the high mountainous topography, tectonic activity, high seismicity, diverse geological and climatic conditions, basically, Iran has a natural condition for creating a wide range of landslides and these landslides annually cause both life loss and financial damage to the country. Since it is difficult to predict the timing of landslides, identifying susceptible areas to landslides, and zoning these areas based on potential risk are highly important. Therefore landslide-prone areas need to be identified in order to reduce such damage. In this respect, landslide susceptibility assessment can provide valuable information essential for hazard mitigation. The main goal of landslide susceptibility analysis is to identify dangerous and high-risk areas and thus reduce landslide damage through suitable mitigation measures. Since the exact prediction of landslides occurrence isn’t possible by human sciences, thus, we can prevent the damages of this phenomenon by identification of landslide susceptible areas and prioritizing them. Binalood Mountain in Khorasan Razavi Province, Due to its geological location, geomorphology, topography, climate, vegetation, has kinds of mass movement. The results of these studies can be used as fundamental information by environmental managers and planners. Landslide hazard zonation was challenged by several researchers in recent years. In order to provide landslide hazard, zonation maps various methods such as Fuzzy logic, statistic methods and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) can be used. Since the early 1970s, many scientists have attempted to assess landslide hazards and produced hazard zonation maps portraying their spatial distribution by applying many different GIS-based methods. Different models and methods have been proposed to produce Landslide hazard zonation. The aim of this study is to develop and compare detailed landslide susceptibility maps (LSM) for Binalood Mountain, using Fuzzy and AHP methods in the framework of the GIS. Materials and Methods The study area is the northern and southern slopes of the Binalood Mountains that are located in the Khorasan Razavi Province. The present study area fallows under 36 ° 1' to 36 ° 15' north latitudes and 58° 38' to 59 ° 35' east longitudes. According to Geological, Geomorphologic, Hydrological, Climatic, Human and Environmental characteristics of the study area and using comparative studies and results of other researchers, 20 criteria and sub-criteria were identified to achieve the goals. The needed Layers of landslide hazard zonation were prepared using ArcGIS software. These layers are slope, aspect, altitude classes, geology, distance from the river, river density, distance from the road, road density, distance from the fault, fault density, morphological units, topographic indexes (stream power index (SPI), topographic wetness index (TWI) and slope length index (LS)), geomorphological indexes (topographic position index (TPI), topographic roughness index (TRI) and surface curvature index, land use, isothermal lines, and Rainfall lines. Thun, The landslide inventory map has been created in the study area. Subsequently, landslide susceptibility maps were produced using Fuzzy Logic and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) models. After preparing the layers, the next step was to assign weight values to the raster layers, and to the classes of each layer, respectively. This step was realized with the use of the AHP method. So, the landslide hazard zonation map of the study area was presented using weight exertion of factors in their layers and integration of them by Arc GIS software. In the Fuzzy method, after fuzzyizing the layers in the ArcGIS environment, the landslide risk zoning was performed using fuzzy gamma 0.8. For verification, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn and the areas under the curve (AUC) were calculated. Finally, the ratio of the percentage of landslides was in each zone to the percentage of the total area of the zone was calculated. Results and Discussion The results of weighting the parameters affecting the landslide using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) showed that geological, slope, and fault factors have the greatest impact on the occurrence of landslide risk in the study area, respectively. The class of very high and high susceptibility covers 47.8% of the total area in the landslide susceptibility map generated with the AHP model. Low and moderate susceptible classes make up 13.4 and 38.8% of the total area, respectively. According to the landslide susceptibility map based on the Fuzzy Method, 27.7% of the total area was determined to be very high and high susceptibility to landslide. Low and moderate susceptible classes constitute 56.8%, and 15.5% of the area, respectively. The AUC values were 0.817 and 0.752 for AHP and Fuzzy models and the training accuracy was 81.7 and 75.2%, respectively. It can be concluded that both models utilized in this study showed reasonably good accuracy in predicting the landslide susceptibility of the study area. Finally, the ratio of the percentage of landslides was ineach zone to the percentage of the total area of zone showed the NRi values in each susceptible class for the AHP model more than the Fuzzy method. The larger ratio in the AHP method indicates its better consistency than the Fuzzy method, implying more coverage of landslides in a smaller area by the AHP method. This result represents the better accuracy of the AHP method than the Fuzzy method in the landslide susceptibility map. Conclusion In this study, the most widely accepted models, AHP and Fuzzy were used for producing Landslide Susceptibility Map (LSM) and their performances were compared. The LSMs were divided into five landslide susceptibility classes. The performance of the resulting LSMs was verified by the ROC curves and Numerical Ratio (NRi). The results show that the AHP and Fuzzy models are successful estimators. The map produced by the AHP model exhibited a slightly better result for landslide susceptibility mapping in the study area. These two techniques may be characterized by incorporating a wide range of conditioning factors. Also, they can discriminate the causative factors for understanding the importance of each factor. The interpretation of the susceptibility map indicates that geological, slope, and fault play major roles in landslide occurrence and distribution in the study area. The landslide susceptibility maps like the one produced in this study should provide a valuable tool for the use of planners and engineers for reorganizing or planning new programs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Landslide hazard zonation using artificial neural network (Case study: Sepiddasht-Lorestan, Iran)
Syamak Bharvand Salman SooriThis study was carried out to determine the relative hazard zonation of the slope instabilities and landslide occurrence in Sepiddasht, Iran. The method of Artificial Neural Network with the multiple-layer percepteron structure and the back propagation learning algorith MoreThis study was carried out to determine the relative hazard zonation of the slope instabilities and landslide occurrence in Sepiddasht, Iran. The method of Artificial Neural Network with the multiple-layer percepteron structure and the back propagation learning algorithm were used. In order to study the stability of the slopes, the landslides of the region were initially identified and recorded using satellite images of TM and ETM+, aerial images of 1:50,000, and field surveys (year, 2014). The impact of each factor including slope, aspect, land use, elevation, lithology, precipitation, the distance from the fault road and drainage on the slope instabilities was estimated using the ArcGIS®10.1 software via combining the map of the factors influencing the landslide with the landslide distribution map. Then a proper structure (1-13-9) for the landslide hazard zonation of Sepiddasht region was obtained through training the artificial neural network by MATLAB software. Based on the results of the landslide hazard zonation, 0.18, 12.41, 14.09, 29.85, and 43.52 percent of the region were located in very low, low, medium, high, and very high risk classes respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Landslide hazard zonation using Fuzzy logic (A case study: ChamSangar watershed)
Salman Soori Siamak Bharvand Taher FarhadinejadLandslides are one of the most destructive phenomena of nature that cause damage to both property and life every year, therefore, landslide susceptibility zonation (LSZ) is necessary for planning future developmental activities. In this study, the operator of fuzzy logi MoreLandslides are one of the most destructive phenomena of nature that cause damage to both property and life every year, therefore, landslide susceptibility zonation (LSZ) is necessary for planning future developmental activities. In this study, the operator of fuzzy logic in landslide hazard zonation has been used in the Chamsangar watershed. For study the stability of slopes in the Chamsang field, in first step the sliding point and subsequent distribution maps of landslide were prepared using satellite images and field excursions (recording the sliding points by GPS). The correlation level between sliding points and each effective factor in landslide occurrence including slope, aspect, landuse, elevation, lithology, rainfall, drainage and distance to road determined using frequency ratio model. The fuzzy values prepared by expert view and the membership functions appointed for all effective factors in ArcGIS®10.1environment. The Sum of Quality (QS) index used for evaluation and deviation of operators outputs which applied in estimation of sliding risk. Results show that Gama operator 0.9 with QS=0.554 is the more suitable than Fuzzy Algebraic Sum with QS=0.042 and Fuzzy Algebraic Product with QS=0.008 for prepare the landslide risk maps in Chamsangr field. According the zoning based on the gamma operator 0.9, the 13.39, 47.58, 32.7, 5.44, and 0.884 percent of the area is located in very low, low, medium, high and very high risk classes, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Integral Sliding Mode Based Direct Power Control of Brushless Doubly Fed Induction Generators
Ramtin Sadeghi Mohammad Reza Agha kashkooli Seyed Mohammad MadaniThis paper proposes an integral sliding mode direct power control (ISM-DPC) strategy for brushless doubly fed induction generators. Two widely applied control strategies are available for this type of generators: hysteresis-based direct power control and vector control. MoreThis paper proposes an integral sliding mode direct power control (ISM-DPC) strategy for brushless doubly fed induction generators. Two widely applied control strategies are available for this type of generators: hysteresis-based direct power control and vector control. Direct power control suffers from high power ripples and current distortions produced by variable switching frequency. Moreover, the tuning issues of PI controller, which are highly reliant on machine parameters and operating conditions, and necessity of a phase-locked-loop for frame alignment are accounted as limitation of these methods. The proposed integral sliding mode strategy directly controls active and reactive power to provide fast dynamic response and zero steady-state error. This method is developed in the control winding reference frame to avoid the application of PLL. A large-scale brushless doubly fed induction generator (BDFIG) is simulated to validate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed ISM-DPC method in comparison with widely applied methods, vector control and direct power control. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Position Control of an Electrohydraulic Servo System Based on Sliding Mode Adaptive Fuzzy Controller
Hamid Ghadiri Hamed KhodadadiElectro-hydraulic servo systems are one of the most important control systems used in many fields such as industrial automation, numerical control machines, the oil and gas industry. Due to the non-linear behavior of hydraulic system components and the presence of vario MoreElectro-hydraulic servo systems are one of the most important control systems used in many fields such as industrial automation, numerical control machines, the oil and gas industry. Due to the non-linear behavior of hydraulic system components and the presence of various uncertainties in their operation, the modeling and control of these systems face problems. In this paper, a fuzzy adaptive controller based on sliding mode control is proposed to control the position of an electrohydraulic servo system and overcome the uncertainties. The proposed robust controller results in minimal dependence on the system model. The system's stability in the presence of uncertainties has been proved by applying the Lyapunov theory and considering the time-varying nature of the uncertainties. Besides, to approximate the maximum band and the range of uncertainties, an adaptation law has been proposed for its estimation. The simulation results show the reasonable and stable performance of the proposed adaptive fuzzy controller compared to other control methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - کنترل مد لغزشی ترمینال جهت کنترل خطای موقعیت عرضی خودرو با رویکرد کاهش چترینگ
ریحانه کاردهی مقدم مرتضی مهدوی شهری -
Open Access Article
37 - کنترل مد لغزشی ترمینال جهت کنترل خطای موقعیت عرضی خودرو توسط دینامیک سیستم فرمان
سید مرتضی مهدوی شهری ریحانه کاردهی مقدم -
Open Access Article
38 - مدلسازی عرصههای حسّاس به وقوع زمین لغزش و شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر وقوع آن با استفاده از مدل آنتروپی شانون (مطالعه موردی: حوضه آبخیز بار نیشابور)
مریم خسرویان علیرضا انتظاری مختار کرمی مجیذ ابراهیمی -
Open Access Article
39 - مدلسازی عرصههای حسّاس به وقوع زمین لغزش و شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر وقوع آن با استفاده از مدل آنتروپی شانون (مطالعه موردی: حوضه آبخیز بار نیشابور)
مریم خسرویان علیرضا انتظاری مختار کرمی مجید ابراهیمی -
Open Access Article
40 - پهنه بندی خطر زمین لغزش حوضه آبخیز سد زاکین با استفاده از مدل Inedex overly maps و سامانه سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی (GIS)
سیروس حسن پور لیلا رحیلی خراسانی -
Open Access Article
41 - تهیهی نقشهی حساسیت به وقوع زمین لغزش با استفاده از مدل شبکه عصبی پرسپترون چند لایه از نوع پیشخور پس انتشار (BP)
سید رضا حسین زاده مسعود مینایی حمید نزاد سلیمانی مهوش نداف سنگانی -
Open Access Article
42 - حساسیت به حرکات توده ای خاک با استفاده از شبکه عصبی مصنوعی،منطق فازی و رگرسیون چند متغیره (مطالعه موردی: حوضه گرماب رود ساری)
محمد ابراهیم عفیفی ابوالفضل بهنیافر -
Open Access Article
43 - پهنهبندی خطر زمین لغزش با استفاده از سیستم استنتاج فازی در حوزهی رودخانهی ایذه
مجتبی محمدی محمد ابراهیم عفیفی عبدالرسول قنبری -
Open Access Article
44 - کاربرد متد آماری ماتریس سلسله مراتب زوجی و تطبیق سازی با تست میدانی در پهنه بندی رانش زمین در محیط GIS (مطالعه موردی: بینالود شمالی )
پروین کهربائیان ابوالفضل بهنیافر -
Open Access Article
45 - Landslide Hazard Zoning central part of the Semirom city
Mojtaba Rahimi Shahid Nima RahimiNatural hazards such as Landslide is as the nature disasters that have many financial and human losses every year. Today advances in science and technology, provided appropriate fields for the study and reduce these natural hazards. In this respect, the geographic infor MoreNatural hazards such as Landslide is as the nature disasters that have many financial and human losses every year. Today advances in science and technology, provided appropriate fields for the study and reduce these natural hazards. In this respect, the geographic information along with decision support tool used to assess the risk of landslides. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different factors in the creation and landslide hazard zonation of landslides in Central part of the Semirom city. For this purpose affecting factors were binary compared using analytical method by indicating the weight of each factor as indicator for their effects in occurrence of landslide. Accordingly, the landslide regionalization hazard map was prepared to the use of weighed information layer and weighted coefficient of each factor. Results of this study show that the analytical hierarchy method is precise method for evaluation of landslide potential due to the use of binary comparison affecting factors and considering numerous factors for landslide evaluation at the same time in comparison to the other prevalent method. The results indicates that the percentage of high and very high hazard class is 40.98 percent in AHP method. As well as material and slope were identified as the most important factors in landslide occurrence in the region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Stability Comparison of the Left and right Bank Mass move of LowerSiahbisheh Dam Reservoir
ناصر Ebadati مرجان Madanipour S.H Mirzeinali yazdiIn this paper try to evaluate the factors effective in instability of the lower Siahbisheh dam wall in the dam leftand rghit bank in terms of the slope sliding potential and the solutions to stabilization of the dam wallconsidering the technical and economic considerati MoreIn this paper try to evaluate the factors effective in instability of the lower Siahbisheh dam wall in the dam leftand rghit bank in terms of the slope sliding potential and the solutions to stabilization of the dam wallconsidering the technical and economic considerations as well as the present limitations. With this aim in view,in the first step the field inspections were made and the important terrain features and tectonic elements wereidentified, and after collecting the existing set of subsurface information, in order to determining the depthexpansion of the sliding mass, the displacement of sliding mass was identified using data resulting from theexploratory soil borings (sondage) having been excavated during the dam project studies' procedures. Next, thegeomechanical parameters of the sliding mass were estimated with suitable accuracy for performing the stabilityanalysis and the final instability analyses of the study area were carried out along profiles. Ultimately, thestability analysis results in different conditions: reservoir rapid water drawdown loading, gravity load, theearthquake conditions and the presence of water pressure were evaluated. The results showed that in all sectionsduring loading of rapid drawdown of the reservoir water, the safety factors of the slope will be less than 1 whichis indicative of inevitable failure of the slope. Methods of soil excavation and embankment upstream anddownstream of the sliding mass and the sliding mass and consolidate choice was offered. Excavation andembankment operations performed in this way, at least according to the calculated maximum volume soil worksis left bank. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - ////////
Fahimeh Ebrahim Moghdam Ahmad AbasnegadThe purpose of this study is zonation of landslide in Kerman province with Fuzzy and AHP models. In this study in order to obtain hazard zonation map, 7 factors were studied. This factors in GIS software were mapped and then classified and weighted. These maps were over MoreThe purpose of this study is zonation of landslide in Kerman province with Fuzzy and AHP models. In this study in order to obtain hazard zonation map, 7 factors were studied. This factors in GIS software were mapped and then classified and weighted. These maps were overlapped with the landslide distribution map,until the role of landslides distribution to be determined. Finally, the 7 factors including slope, Seismicity, lithology, Drainage density, Morphology, Precipitation, Land use were identified as factors influencing in landslides the basin. The maps the landslide hazard zonation was prepared based on these 7 factors and the methods of AHP and Fuzzy Gamma operator 0.7, 0.8 and 0.9 in GIS. Also the index of Quality sum (Qs) were used for evaluation of the accuracy of zonation maps. The results of the evaluation of the maps showed that the amount the indices Qs for AHP model is equal to 2.31 and for Fuzzy Gamma operator, it would be 0.7, 0.8 and 0.9 respectively 4.05,1.85,3.27. Therefore, it is concluded that the operator the Fuzzy gamma would be 0.7 compared to other methods. So it is better for utilization in the landslide hazard zonation in in Kerman province Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Hazard zonation of slope instability along Kan-Souleghan route by the use of Fuzzy method
Sahar Hasani Ali Uromiea Zhara MalekiSlope instability is regarded as a worldwide problem that has direct effect on human life and the environment. The human intervention in nature by building structures and disrupting natural causes increase in the number of landslide event. Landslide hazard zonation mapp MoreSlope instability is regarded as a worldwide problem that has direct effect on human life and the environment. The human intervention in nature by building structures and disrupting natural causes increase in the number of landslide event. Landslide hazard zonation mapping is considered to be one of the most reliable methods for evaluating the potential of landslide event along road. These maps can provide in the way of useful information in relation to the identification of high risk areas offer and accordingly, stabilization methods proposed to prevent such risks. In this study, maps of hazard zone landsliding were produced, by using fuzzy logic in ArcGIS and IDRISI along Kan–Suleghan road. Then, in order to assess the accuracy and efficiency of different operators, for creating better results, the fuzzy method was used. Based on studies, revealed the effects of tectonic factors such as faults is most effective parameter. In zoning maps, risk of landslide with fuzzyoverlayOR, the scope of present landslides in the region compared to the area with possibility of landslide occurance in the maps have been showed the good matching. So, in the paper, area it is suggested to prevent construction projects in area with high probability of landslides. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Geotechnical- Environmental Study of Landslide in West of Gateh-kash Village in Kojour Area, Noshahr
Reza KhajevandKojour mountainous region, located in Mazandaran province due to high altitude, existence marl, lay and shale layers, high seismic activity, dominantly Mountainous topography and high rainfall; available appropriate condition for land slide. Pathway as for geological co MoreKojour mountainous region, located in Mazandaran province due to high altitude, existence marl, lay and shale layers, high seismic activity, dominantly Mountainous topography and high rainfall; available appropriate condition for land slide. Pathway as for geological condition and climate is capable for mass wasting. Experience of many slides after operation subsidiary this subject. In this paper reason of occurrence land slide on 27th kilometer of Kojour pathway, in west of Gateh Kash village survey and studied. For this reason, beneficial of field revisions, study geological maps, aerial photograph and satellite images; basic ingredient in instability at slightly zone survey and studied. According to study this slide is transitional slide and seven factor include lithology, topography, distance of fault, engineering geology of sliding mass, hydrology and hydrogeology, climate and land usage effective and essential in occurrence this slide determine, recognize and analyzed. Obtained safety factor during stability analysis by limit equilibrium indicating slope stability in present condition, but changing in stability effective factor, again sliding is probable. During surveying parts by high potential to sliding recognize, hence for appropriate stabilization operation for hazardous zone offering. Quantities assessment conclusion of environmental effective and weighting on affected parameter of slide with cluster analysis, showed negative impact on environment and meaningful relationship between this parameter. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - The Introduce of Indices to Predict Geology Unites Susceptibility to Coseismic Landslides; Manjil Earthquake as a Case study
M.A RajabiThe analysis of distribution and characteristics of landslides triggered by earthquakes is important tounderstand the areas may be susceptible to landsliding in the next earthquakes. One of the mostsignificant effects of the Manjil earthquake (M=7/7, 20/6/1990) was trig MoreThe analysis of distribution and characteristics of landslides triggered by earthquakes is important tounderstand the areas may be susceptible to landsliding in the next earthquakes. One of the mostsignificant effects of the Manjil earthquake (M=7/7, 20/6/1990) was triggering landslides over anextensive area. In this study; the factors of these landslides such as slope, slope aspect, elevation,lithological unites and Arias intensity were investigated using GIS in an area close to the earthquakeepicenter. In the next step, two indices called Susceptibility Index (SI) and Frequency Index (FI)presented to predict the location of future earthquake-induced landslides. Finally, landslidessusceptibility in the study area has been rated based on these indices. The output of this study can beused to predict landslide susceptible areas in the future earthquakes and to distinguish hazard zones inthe overall study area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Landslide hazard zonation using Weigthed density area and AHP Fuzzy method )case study: Chamsangar watershed(
Siamak Baharvand Salman Sori -
Open Access Article
52 - Application of fuzzy theory in analysis of slides considering the iandslide of Mohammad Abad- Jiroft
Mehdi Mohammadi Hossein Tavakoli Hamid ShojaeeIn the present paper, fuzzy theory is used for the analysis of landslides and the state of Mohammad Abadlandslide, located in Jiroft- Kerman road, is investigated using this method. Shear strength parameters, unitweight and piezometric level which have uncertainty are s MoreIn the present paper, fuzzy theory is used for the analysis of landslides and the state of Mohammad Abadlandslide, located in Jiroft- Kerman road, is investigated using this method. Shear strength parameters, unitweight and piezometric level which have uncertainty are selected as variables and the statistic distribution ofthese parameters are obtained using best fit software. Also, using the limit equilibrium method, sensivity analysisis done the shear strength parameters with respect to the safety factor. Finally, the parameters are chosen as thefuzzy set and the stability analysis is done based on the limit equilibrium method. Results show that, since thefuzzy set considers a range of safety factors, stability analysis is done with more certainty and also, as the resultsshow, the considered landslide is unstable Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Landslide Hazard Zoning Maps Sufiyan Area By Using AHP Model In GIS
Hamid ShahinfarMass movements are a complicated mechanism that many factors and variables can play roles in their occurrence. In this article the frequency and distribution of large landslides in Sufiyan of the E- Azerbaijan province are studied. The main investigation of this study i MoreMass movements are a complicated mechanism that many factors and variables can play roles in their occurrence. In this article the frequency and distribution of large landslides in Sufiyan of the E- Azerbaijan province are studied. The main investigation of this study is to investigate that factors influencing the landslides through Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and then hazard zonation map in the studied region. To do this, six landslide factors, including (1) lithology, (2) slope, (3) the distance of fault, (4) elevation, (5) the distance from the spring and (6) land usage, have been detected as important factors affecting the landslides in this area. Each layer is imported as data into GIS, and their weights are illustrated by using hierarchical analysis. Any how by integrating layers in GIS landslide hazards are mapped in 5 levels as very high-risky, high-risky, medium-risky, less-risky and very less-risky. The results show that most parts of the area are in the very less-risky (43%), and the others covered less-risky (22%), medium-risky (17%), high-risky (9%) and very high-risky (9%) parts of the area. From the mention factors in slopes instabilities, lithology, slope and the distance form fault ordinarily have impact on the slope movements of the studied region Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Jointing analysis of the northern part of the Damavand region And assess the risk of landslides
Ali Karimpoor Mohsen Poorkermani Ali Solgi -
Open Access Article
55 - پهنهبندی حساسیت زمینلغزش با سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی ومقایسهی کارایی روشهای رگرسیون لجستیک و نسبت فراوانی در(مطالعه موردی: حوزهی آبخیز چشمیدر، کردستان)
شقایق میرکی قربان وهاب زاده عطااله شیرزادی -
Open Access Article
56 - Environmental Effects of the World Hyper-Landslide on Ancient Settlements
Siamak Sharafi Masoud Sadeghi RadThe occurrence of the world's largest landslides on the Kabir-Kuh anticline and on the path of Sayamareh and Kashkan river drainage network has created many wide environmental changes. The most important changes caused by the landslide include blocking the path of Sayma MoreThe occurrence of the world's largest landslides on the Kabir-Kuh anticline and on the path of Sayamareh and Kashkan river drainage network has created many wide environmental changes. The most important changes caused by the landslide include blocking the path of Saymareh and Kashkan rivers and creating two lakes which are world’s largest and most stable barrier lakes in the world. Geoarchaeological studies of this region utilizing physical and conceptual tools, laboratory methods, software tools as well as using statistical cluster analysis have led to the landslide fourstage recognition on the Kabir-Kuh anticline and the subsequent formation of four lakes within the Saymareh valley and a single-stage lake within the Kashkan valley; in addition, the results of these studies include detecting settlement patterns of archaeological sites in each periods from Epipaleolithic to Islamic in connection with the formation of the lake and the recognition of the ongoing changes in settlement patterns associated with fluctuations in the lake level. Based on the results of lake sediments dating, the occurrence of the primary Kabirkuh landslide and the formation of Seymare and Kashkan barrier lakes happened about 85000 years ago. Therefore, from the Middle Paleolithic to the Islamic era the human settlement patterns have been environmental changes caused by Kabirkuh landslide and also caused by the formation of barrier lakes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Dela Landslide Occurrence and Negin Ancient Bridge Creation: An Example of Bidirectional Effect of the Environment and Human in Shimbar Highlands
Masoud Sadeghi Rad Zahra Javadinia Siamak Sharafi Ayyoub SoltaniHosteling and bustling of human life in its environment has always been coincided with many challenges and opportunities which acted like a basis for human life. Meanwhile, human has never been the looser; human’s intelligence and his ability to think sometimes co MoreHosteling and bustling of human life in its environment has always been coincided with many challenges and opportunities which acted like a basis for human life. Meanwhile, human has never been the looser; human’s intelligence and his ability to think sometimes coveted the nature and sometimes compromised with it. Central Zagros with high and low mountainous latitudes has always been a great example of the fight and the compromise between human and environment. The occurrence of Dela landslide and also creation of Negin ancient canal is an example of this infraction which has occurred in high latitudes of Shimbar located in north Khuzestan. The occurrence of Dela landslide in Shimbar river water networking system, and its consequence which is creation of Shimbar dam lake, has caused three staged environmental changes in that area. As a result of these changes, some problems for human living in the area have appeared which mostly include blocking the only communicative path in the area. Blocking this path has caused the people to think more to find a way to solve the problem. The solution led to creating the Negin archaeological canal which caused a reduction in the water level (the third stage of changes) as well as opening the communicative path. These events which in one hand represent the concurrence of human against the environment (occurrence of Dela landslide and creation of Shimbar lake); and on the other hand represent the concurrence of the environment against human (creation of the canal and reopening the communicative path) proves the bidirectional interaction between human and environment in Zagros area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - تهیهی نقشهی حساسیت زمینلغزش با استفاده از ترکیب روش نسبت فراوانی و تحلیل سلسله مراتبی(AHP)
سید وحید رضوی ترمه کریم سلیمانی فاطمه علی دادگان فرد -
Open Access Article
59 - Investigation and Potential of Landslide Risk Using Fuzzy Logic Model in Kahman Basin Lorestan Province
dariush abolfathi sayyad asghari saraskanroud Ehsan GhaleLandslides as one of the natural hazards can cause a lot of damage every year. Kahman catchment with potential mountainous features and different natural conditions has potential landslide potential. The purpose of this study was to investigate landslide hazard using fu MoreLandslides as one of the natural hazards can cause a lot of damage every year. Kahman catchment with potential mountainous features and different natural conditions has potential landslide potential. The purpose of this study was to investigate landslide hazard using fuzzy logic model in Kahman basin of Lorestan province. In this study, first, effective parameters on landslide occurrence were extracted and then the relevant layers were prepared. Then the landslide distribution map of the basin occurred. Then, by integrating the landslide map with the landslide distribution map, the effect of each of the slope factors, slope direction, lithology, precipitation, land use, distance from fault and waterway were calculated in ArcGIS software environment. In this study, fuzzy logic model with fuzzy community operator, fuzzy sharing operator, fuzzy algebraic multiplier operator, fuzzy algebraic sum operator, and fuzzy gamma operator were applied. Based on zoning using gamma-fuzzy operator, 64.37, 7.45, 8.93, 12.49 and 6.76 percent of the area were classified as very low, low, medium, high and very high risk classes has taken. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Landslide hazard zonation using the Frequency ratio model and fuzzy logic (Case Study: Central Section of Jam Township)
amir safari monireh Rayati Shavvazi maryam Jan Ahmadi laila Shirzad Malayeri -
Open Access Article
61 - شناسایی مناطق وقوع زمین لغزش با استفاده از روشهای تلفیقی و مقایسهای (مطالعه مورد: حوضه پالنگان)-استان کردستان
معصومه غلامی معصومه غلامی عزت الله قنواتی عزت الله قنواتی امیر صفاری امیر صفاریحوضه پالنگان به دلیل قرار­گیری در منطقه کوهستانی شاهو، از مناطق مستعد زمین لغزش در استان کردستان محسوب می­شود. وقوع زمین­لغزش­های مختلف در طی سال­های اخیر بیان کننده پتانسیل بالای منطقه در این زمینه می­باشد. با توجه به شرایط حاکم بر منطقه در این Moreحوضه پالنگان به دلیل قرار­گیری در منطقه کوهستانی شاهو، از مناطق مستعد زمین لغزش در استان کردستان محسوب می­شود. وقوع زمین­لغزش­های مختلف در طی سال­های اخیر بیان کننده پتانسیل بالای منطقه در این زمینه می­باشد. با توجه به شرایط حاکم بر منطقه در این تحقیق مناطق مستعد وقوع زمین لغزش شناسایی شده است. روش تحقیق مبتنی بر روش­های نرم افزاری، کتابخانه­ای و تحلیلی است. در این تحقیق به منظور شناسایی مناطق مستعد زمین لغزش از 8 لایه اطلاعاتی (ارتفاع، شیب، جهت شیب، رودخانه، گسل، لیتولوژی، راه ارتباطی و کاربری اراضی) یک روش وزن­دهی (­روش تحلیل شبکه­ای) و سه روش برای پهنه­بندی استفاده شده است. به منظور رسیدن به اهداف تحقیق و شناسایی مناطق مستعد زمین لغزش، پس از وزن دهی به لایه­ها، لایه­های مذکور با استفاده از روش­های منطق فازی، OWA و WLC با هم ترکیب شده و در نهایت نقشه­هایی نهایی حاصل شده است. نتایج تحقیق و مقایسه روش­ها بیانگر این است که حوضه مورد مطالعه پتانسیل بالایی برای لغزش پذیری دارد. مطابق نقشه های نهایی، مناطق شرقی حوضه شامل زمین های هموار اطراف روستای گشکی دارای کم­ترین پتانسیل و دیوارهای و مناطق پرشیب غرب و جنوب غربی حوضه از جمله اطراف پالنگان دارای بالاترین پتانسیل برای زمین لغزش هستند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - پهنه بندی زمین لغزش در حوضه آبخیز خانیان تنکابن با استفاده از مدل ارزش اطلاعاتیWinf
Sadroddin Motevalliبخش عمده ای از سرزمین ایران را مناطق کوهستانی فرا گرفته است.یکی از مخاطراتی که همواره این مناطق را تهدید میکند ناپایداری های دامنه ای است . مخاطره آمیزترین این ناپایداریها پدیده زمین لغزش می باشد که سالیانه خسارت های زیادی را ایجاد می کند.در این راستا این پژوهش با هدف ج Moreبخش عمده ای از سرزمین ایران را مناطق کوهستانی فرا گرفته است.یکی از مخاطراتی که همواره این مناطق را تهدید میکند ناپایداری های دامنه ای است . مخاطره آمیزترین این ناپایداریها پدیده زمین لغزش می باشد که سالیانه خسارت های زیادی را ایجاد می کند.در این راستا این پژوهش با هدف جلوگیری وکاهش خسارات مالی و جانی،حفظ و حراست از منابع طبیعی روستای خانیان در حوضه سه هزار تنکابن صورت گرفته است. روش این پژهش از نظر هدف کاربردی و از نظر ماهیت توصیفی-تحلیلی و میدانی است.در ابتدا با بررسی منابع پژوهشی مرتبط با موضوع برخی از مهمترین عوامل مؤثر در رخداد این پدیده مانند طبقات ارتفاعی ،شیب، جهت شیب ، کاربری اراضی ، اقلیم، شبکه هیدروگرافی و زمین شناسی منطقه در محیط سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی تهیه و رقومی شدند،همچنین خاک محدوده لغزشی موردآزمایشاتی چون تعیین میزان آهک،شوری خاک،میزان اسیدیته،نوع کانی های رسی،نوع بافت خاک،آزمایش برش مستقیم و حدود آتربرگ قرار گرفت.جهت پهنه بندی زمینلغزش و تجزیه و تحلیل آن روش ارزش اطلاعاتی و وزن دهی به عوامل مختلف طبیعی و انسانی مورداستفاده قرار گرفت.نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش نشان میدهد که علاوه بر عوامل طبیعی، مهم ترین عامل در وقوع پدیده زمین لغزش در منطقه عامل انسانی و برداشت بی رویه از محدوده لغزشی مورد نظر می باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Spatial analysis of landslide risk with emphasis on geomorphological factors using stochastic forest model (Case study: Larestan city in Fars province)
Mohammad Ibrahim AfifiDue to the ability of data mining techniques, their application in the field of earth sciences has been widely developed. The purpose of this study is to zoning landslide sensitivity using stochastic forest algorithm in Larestan city, Fars province. Random forests are a MoreDue to the ability of data mining techniques, their application in the field of earth sciences has been widely developed. The purpose of this study is to zoning landslide sensitivity using stochastic forest algorithm in Larestan city, Fars province. Random forests are a modern type of tree-base that includes a host of classification and regression trees. The random forest algorithm is based on a bunch of decision trees and is currently one of the best learning algorithms. For the present study, information layers of slope degree, slope direction, altitude, slope shape, distance from fault, distance from waterway, distance from road, rainfall, lithology and land use as factors affecting landslide occurrence were identified and its maps in software. ArcGIS10 / 2 digit and were prepared. Then, using a random forest algorithm, the relationship between the effective factors and the location of landslides and the weight of each of them were calculated in R statistical software and finally transferred to the GIS environment to prepare a landslide susceptibility map. The results of evaluating the accuracy of the zoning method using the relative yield detection curve and 30% of the slip points not used in the modeling process, indicate the excellent accuracy of the random forest model with the area below the curve being 98.8%. The executive recommendation is to reduce the risk of stabilization of unstable areas and to avoid these areas; And any planning in the future development of the physical elements of urban infrastructure should be done with regard to the possibility of landslides. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Sensitivity mapping of landslide occurrence by entropy and fuzzy logic models case study: Kermanshah city
Amir saffari Masoumeh HashemiEstimation of the ground to determine the zoning of sensitive areas movements, especially landslides range of research related to natural geographers is especially geomorphologists.Identification of sensitive areas to landslide can prevent the damages and also provide t MoreEstimation of the ground to determine the zoning of sensitive areas movements, especially landslides range of research related to natural geographers is especially geomorphologists.Identification of sensitive areas to landslide can prevent the damages and also provide the capability for slope stabilization projects. In this paper landslide risk zoning is done by entropy and fuzzy methods. According to studies nine factors have been determined as the most important factors in landslide risk which include: lithology, distance from stream, distance from fault, distance from road, slope, aspect, altitude, land use and rainfall. By overlaying data layers, the effects of these factors on landslides in study area was reviewed in GIS, then the effect of them was evaluated and finally zoning map of landslide risk was provided by using these 9 factors. Evaluating by experimental probability index shows that fuzzy model with index of 90% is more capable than entropy method with index of 50% in landslide risk assessment in Kermanshah Township. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - ارزیابی روش رگرسیون لجستیک در بررسی پتانسیل وقوع زمین لغزش مطالعه موردی: حوضه آبریز رودخانه حاجیلر چای
لیلا خدائی قشلاق شهرام روستائی سید اسدالله حجازیارزیابی پتانسیل وقوع زمین لغزش در منطقه ای که به دلیل وضعیت جغرافیایی و ساخت و ساز های انسانی مستعد لغزش می باشد ضروری می نماید. در این مطالعه، جهت بررسی پتانسیل وقوع زمین لغزش، روش رگرسیون لجستیک مورد ارزیابی قرارگرفت . جهت این مطالعه از تصویر OLI_TIRS ، 2014 ماهواره ل Moreارزیابی پتانسیل وقوع زمین لغزش در منطقه ای که به دلیل وضعیت جغرافیایی و ساخت و ساز های انسانی مستعد لغزش می باشد ضروری می نماید. در این مطالعه، جهت بررسی پتانسیل وقوع زمین لغزش، روش رگرسیون لجستیک مورد ارزیابی قرارگرفت . جهت این مطالعه از تصویر OLI_TIRS ، 2014 ماهواره لندست استفاده شد. فاکتورهای موثر وقوع زمین لغزش ( شیب، جهت دامنه، لیتولوژی، کاربری زمین، فاصله از گسل، فاصله از رودخانه، فاصله از جاده، طبقات ارتفاعی ) در محیط GIS آماده و سپس با لایه پراکنش زمین لغزش ها قطع داده شده و نقشه پهنه بندی خطر زمین لغزش در روش فوق تولید شد. نتایج نشان داد که روش رگرسیون لجستیک عملکرد بهتری را در بررسی پتانسیل وقوع زمین لغزش ها در منطقه مورد مطالعه دارد همچنین تفسیرضرایب نشان دادکه ، طبقات ارتفاعی ، شیب و فاصله از گسل نقش مهمی در وقوع زمین لغزش دارند. و با استفاده از نقشه پیش بینی احتمال وقوع زمین لغزش، منطقه به پنج گروه حساسیت تقسیم شد: بسیار پایین، پایین، متوسط، بالا، بسیار بالا. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - بررسی مقایسهای مدلهای ماشین پشتیبانبردار و لجستیک درختی برای ارزیابی حساسیت زمینلغزش - مطالعه موردی: شهرستان کامیاران، استان کردستان
بهاره قاسمیان موسی عابدینی شهرام روستایی عطاالله شیرزادیاولین گام مهم و اساسی در ارزیابی خطر زمین­لغزش تهیه نقشه­های حساسیت زمین­لغزش می­باشد، این نقشه­ها به عنوان یک محصول نهایی است که می­تواند برایبرنامه­ریزی کاربری اراضی مفید واقع شود. هدف اصلی این پژوهش مقایسه کارایی مدل­های داده­کاوی Moreاولین گام مهم و اساسی در ارزیابی خطر زمین­لغزش تهیه نقشه­های حساسیت زمین­لغزش می­باشد، این نقشه­ها به عنوان یک محصول نهایی است که می­تواند برایبرنامه­ریزی کاربری اراضی مفید واقع شود. هدف اصلی این پژوهش مقایسه کارایی مدل­های داده­کاوی ماشین پشتیبان­بردار و لجستیک درختی به منظور پیش­بینی مکانی زمین لغزش­های سطحی اطراف شهر کامیاران واقع در استان کردستان می­باشد. در ابتدا، نقشه پراکنش زمین­لغزش با 60 نقطه لغزشی در منطقه مورد مطالعه با استفاده از منابع مختلف ساخته شد. سپس، آن­ها به صورت تصادفی به یک نسبت 70 به 30 به ترتیب برای آموزش مدل زمین­لغزش و اعتبارسنجی تقسیم شدند. از میان بیست و یک عامل مؤثر بر وقوع زمین­لغزش­های سطحی منطقه مورد مطالعه، حدود هشت متغیر (فاصله از آبراهه، تراکم آبراهه، شاخص قدرت حمل جریان، بارندگی، عمق دره، شاخص نمناکی توپوگرافی، شدت تابش خورشیدی و انحنای طولی شیب) بر اساس شاخص IGR مؤثر شناخته شدند. عملکرد مدل­ها با استفاده از چندین پارامتر آماری از جمله حساسیت، شفافیت، صحت، مجذور مربعات خطا، منحنی نرخ­موفقیت و سطح زیر این منحنی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. اعتبارسنجی نتایج مدل­ها با استفاده از منحنی ROC نشان داد که مدل SVM با سطح زیر منحنی 97/0از قابلیت پیش­بینی بالاتری نسبت به مدل LMT با سطح زیر منحنی 737/0 برخوردار است. نتایج به دست­آمده از این پژوهش می­تواند برای برنامه­ریزی کاربری ارضی، کاهش خطرات زمین­لغزش و مدیریت اصولی مناطق مستعد ­لغزشی مفید واقع گردد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - ارزیابی و پهنه بندی خطر وقوع زمین لغزش با استفاده از مدل ویکور، در حوضه آبریز حاجیلرچای
سید اسد اله حجازی شهرام روستایی مریم رنجبریان شادبادزمین لغزش ها از جمله مخاطرات طبیعی هستند که همه ساله موجب خسارات جانی و مالی زیاد،به ویژه در نواحی کوهستانی می شوند. محدوده مورد مطالعه موسوم به حوضه آبریز حاجیلر چای با وسعتی معادل 94/1158 کیلومتر مربع در استان آذربایجان شرقی، شهرستان ورزقان و بخش های از جلفا و مرند وا Moreزمین لغزش ها از جمله مخاطرات طبیعی هستند که همه ساله موجب خسارات جانی و مالی زیاد،به ویژه در نواحی کوهستانی می شوند. محدوده مورد مطالعه موسوم به حوضه آبریز حاجیلر چای با وسعتی معادل 94/1158 کیلومتر مربع در استان آذربایجان شرقی، شهرستان ورزقان و بخش های از جلفا و مرند واقع شده است. این حوضه با مختصات جغرافیایی 38 درجه و 27 دقیقه تا 38 درجه و 52 دقیقه عرض شمالی و 46 درجه و 1 دقیقه تا 46 درجه و 36 دقیقه طول شرقی واقع گردیده است. حوضه آبریز حاجیلرچای با داشتن چهره کوهستانی و با توجه به وضعیت زمین شناسی،لیتولوژی و اقلیمی عمده شرایط لازم جهت شکل گیری حرکات لغزشی را دارد. بنابراین هدف تحقیق حاضر ،پهنه بندی حوضه حاجیلرچای از لحاظ خطر زمین لغزش می باشد. برای بررسی و پهنه بندی خطر زمین لغزش در این حوضه، ابتدا نقشه ها و لایه های اطلاعاتی عوامل اصلی موثر در رخداد این پدیده از قبیل قبیل شیب، جهت شیب، بارش، لیتولوژی، کاربری اراضی، فاصله از گسل، فاصله از آبراهه و طبقات ارتفاعی در سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی (GIS) تهیه گردید و سپس با استفاده از تصاویر ماهواره ای و عملیات میدانی زمین لغزش های موجود در منطقه شناسایی شد. تحلیل و مدلسازی نهایی ،با استفاده از مدل ویکور به عنوان یکی از روش های تحلیل تصمیم گیری چند معیاره، انجام شد. در نهایت نقشه پهنه بندی خطر زمین لغزش، در پنج رده با خطر بسیار کم تا بسیار زیاد طبقه بندی گردید. نتایج پژوهش نشان دهنده این است که در حدود 22/20 درصد از مساحت حوضه حاجیلرچای، احتمال وقوع زمین لغزش خیلی زیاد بوده، همچنین 38/25 درصد احتمال وقوع زیاد، 67/18 درصد احتمال وقوع متوسط، 25/20 درصد احتمال وقوع کم و در 45/15 درصد احتمال وقوع خیلی کم می باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Landslide Hazard Regionalization Using Analytical Hierarchy Process and GIS Techniques (Case Study: Zarand Watershed)
Alirza Arab Amery Amir Hossein HalabianThe purpose of this research is Landslide hazard regionalization using analytical hierarchy method and GIS technique. For this purpose affecting factors were binary compared using analytical method by indicating the weight of each factor as indicator for their effects i MoreThe purpose of this research is Landslide hazard regionalization using analytical hierarchy method and GIS technique. For this purpose affecting factors were binary compared using analytical method by indicating the weight of each factor as indicator for their effects in occurrence of landslide. Accordingly, the landslide regionalization hazard map was prepared to the use of weighed information layer and weighted coefficient of each factor. Results of this study show that the analytical hierarchy method is precise method for evaluation of landslide potential due to the use of binary comparison affecting factors and considering numerous factors for landslide evaluation at the same time in comparison to the other prevalent method and the results indicates that the percentage of high hazard class is 25 percent in AHP method Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - پهنهبندی خطر زمینلغزش با استفاده از روش ترکیب خطی وزندار -مطالعه موردی: حوضه دهسفید، استان لرستان
سیامک بهاروند حمزه سارویی سلمان سوری -
Open Access Article
70 - Morphometric study of landslide monitoring using remote sensing (Case Study Hardang Village South West Isfahan Province)
Mohammad reza nowjavanLandslide is one of natural hazards that cause fatality, compensation and natural resources damages. By combination of natural and human factors, the event of geomorphic transport processes is occurred by instability condition of hillside. The aim of this study was to M MoreLandslide is one of natural hazards that cause fatality, compensation and natural resources damages. By combination of natural and human factors, the event of geomorphic transport processes is occurred by instability condition of hillside. The aim of this study was to Morphometry and determining heave and evaluating changes of an old active landslide in Hardang area which is located 75 kilometers from southern west of Isfahan Province. Various types of hillside instability have been seen in the region, and one of the giant heave is a coluvial near the Hardong village which has been greatly threatening the village. Investigation of Morphometry of the phenomenon and determining the mechanism of these heaves will guide us to control and prevent risks. To assessing the land slide, the scale of heave was determined using aerial photographs of the two periods in 1334 and 1370. Then, the landslide scale at the present time was determined using field works, Google Earth and GIS software. The changes of land slide can be evaluated by comparing the size and volume of the landslide. The results of this study indicates that average heave of this land slide in duration of 56 years was about 32/837 centimeters in year and differences in length, width, perimeter, area and volume of this landslide since 1334 to 1390 the upside is increased (respectively, from 18/389 to 885235/316 cubic meters) indicates that the rotational motion is translational landslides during these years. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Evaluation of the efficiency of Haeri-Audio experimental model and bivariate statistical in landslide risk zoning (Case study: Qazvin province)
Faramarz Sarfaraz Jamal Mosafaei Rohangiz Akhtari Amin Salehpour JamLandslides are one of the most destructive types of erosion on slopes, which causes a lot of financial and human losses. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of landslide potential zoning models in Qazvin province and to provide management strategies MoreLandslides are one of the most destructive types of erosion on slopes, which causes a lot of financial and human losses. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of landslide potential zoning models in Qazvin province and to provide management strategies to reduce landslide risk. The proposed relationships of this model were used for the Haeri-Samiei experimental model. For the statistical model, after preparing the layers of effective factors (land use, slope, slope direction, height, etc.) and cutting them with a landslide distribution map, the area and percentage of landslide in each floor were determined from the effective factors map. Then, using the frequency ratio, the importance of each class of effective factors was calculated and a map was prepared based on the importance of effective factors in the GIS environment. Finally, to prepare a landslide hazard map, the maps were grouped together based on the rate of factors and classified according to the method of intervals equal to seven floors. Density ratio and total utility indices were used to evaluate the efficiency of the models and select the superior model. The results showed that the bivariate statistical model with Qs equal to 0.938 has a higher accuracy than the Haeri-Samiei model with Qs equal to 0.622. To reduce damage and manage landslide risk, three non-action management policies for low risk classes, prevention for medium risk classes and treatment for high risk classes were considered and some necessary measures were provided for each management policy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - Landslide Using AHP Model In GIS Case Study: Valley Village Qalandar Flour City Dehdez
Masoud Safaeepoor Ali Shojaeean Nasrin AtashafroozLandslides and erosion of natural phenomena in the evolution of land forms involved. When the human population is affected by this phenomenon can be dangerous incident. Causing loss of life and destruction Vazjmlh financial resources, the destruction of residential area MoreLandslides and erosion of natural phenomena in the evolution of land forms involved. When the human population is affected by this phenomenon can be dangerous incident. Causing loss of life and destruction Vazjmlh financial resources, the destruction of residential areas, destruction of farms and farmland and roads, destroying bridges, railways, closing the tunnels, dams break and damage the electrical tower and so on be. In this study, the landslide hazard zonation never valley village Qalandar using AHP model in GIS are discussed. Slope, aspect, elevation, land use, topography, rainfall as the main parameters affecting the landslide area were selected. After preparing the data layer using the above parameters for mapping landslide risk weighting model and the ARC GIS software was used to analyze the relationship of AHP. The results of weighting model AHP, and implement it with the slip occurred in the catchment area shows that Paramtrhsasyt erosion formations with the greatest weight (219/0) and land use (173/0) and the lowest height (052 / 0), the lowest weight gain and other indicators respectively, rainfall, altitude, and minimum weight of the layer's waterways. After overlay zoning landslide hazard map into 4 groups: very high, high, medium, low, very little was produced. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - Evaluation of prediction capability of the Statistical and Logestic models for mapping landslide susceptibility (Case Study: Vanakbasin )
Alireza Arab Ameri Koorosh Shirani Amir Hosein HalabiyanThe aim of this study is to produce landslide susceptibility mapping by Statistical models based on geographic information system (GIS) in the Southwestern of Isfahan Province,Vanak basin. First, the landslide locations were identified in the study area from interpretat MoreThe aim of this study is to produce landslide susceptibility mapping by Statistical models based on geographic information system (GIS) in the Southwestern of Isfahan Province,Vanak basin. First, the landslide locations were identified in the study area from interpretation of aerial photographs and multiple field surveys. 140 cases (70 %) out of 200 detected landslides were randomly selected for modeling, and the remaining 60 (30 %) cases were used for the model validation. The landslideconditioning factors, including slope degree, slope aspect, altitude, lithology, rainfall, distance to faults, density of streams, distance to road and land use were extracted from the spatial database. Using these factors, landslide susceptibility and weights of each factor were analyzed by logistic regression, density area and Certainty Factor models. The results of the models assessment showed that area density method by applying quality sum index (QS) is the highest value (0.35), then certainty factor and Logestic Regression are values of 0.29 and 0.11 in the next category, respectively. The interpretation of the susceptibility map indicated that altitude, rainfall and slope aspect play major roles in landslide occurrence in the study area These landslide susceptibility maps can be used for planning of land use , future road construction and hazard mitigation purpose. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Shallow landslide hazard zonation using bivariate statistical methods and GIS(Case study: glandrood watershed)
ali gilanipoor sadroddin motevalliAbstract Nowadays, landslides are treats for terrestrial ecosystems and their living organisms and they are present in the study area. The aim of current research is obtaining the most important effective factors on shallow landslide occurrence in northern Alborz (Noor MoreAbstract Nowadays, landslides are treats for terrestrial ecosystems and their living organisms and they are present in the study area. The aim of current research is obtaining the most important effective factors on shallow landslide occurrence in northern Alborz (Noor County). In the first place, landslide locations were determined by field monitoring and the inventory map of landslides was then prepared. Subsequently, the most effective factors on the landslide incident from 16 data layers, such as biotic and abiotic factors, were derived into ArcGIS 9.3 software. Three models including Landslide Index, Frequency ratio and Certainty Factor were considered to provide the landslide susceptibility map. ROC curve was used to evaluate the models. Results showed that hydrologic elements such as of soil humidity, soil infiltrability, and soil texture along have the highest amount of relationship with the occurrence of shallow landslides in the study region. The results of assessment of model analysis also showed that the shallow landslide zonation map obtained from frequency ratio mode is more accurate one. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - STATCOM controller design with using of improved robust backstepping algorithm based on PSO to reduce large signal disturbances in power systems
Fariborz Haghighatdar Fesharaki Alireza HaghshenasIn this paper, in order to reduce disturbance attenuation in the single-machine infinite-bus system a STATCOM by an improved robust back-stepping algorithm based on a particle swarm optimization approach is proposed. In the proposed approach, the adaptive back-stepping MoreIn this paper, in order to reduce disturbance attenuation in the single-machine infinite-bus system a STATCOM by an improved robust back-stepping algorithm based on a particle swarm optimization approach is proposed. In the proposed approach, the adaptive back-stepping method is used to construct the storage function to reduce internal and external disturbances. Also, a nonlinear controller with interference rejection feature and update of the nonlinear parameter substitution law are applied simultaneously. In this research, in order to maintain non-linearities feature, the real-time estimation of uncertain parameters, ensure robustness and insensitivity to large disturbances of the STATCOM system, the adaptive back-stepping sliding mode control method is applied in terms of error compensation design. It should be noted that the proposed controller has a large number of design parameters which affect its efficiency and performance. So, here the particle swarm optimization approach is used to determine the design parameters based on the cost function of the integral of the magnitude of the error. Finally, the simulation results are performed by MATLAB software, confirmed the better performance of the proposed optimal back-stepping sliding mode control method compared to traditional adaptive back-stepping in terms of the speed of adaptation and the response of the STATCOM system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - Dynamical Analysis and Finite-Time Fast Synchronization of a Novel Autonomous Hyper-Chaotic System
Javad Mostafaee Saleh Mobayen Behrouz Vaseghi Mohammad VahediThis paper constructs a new complex hyper-chaotic system with attractive coexisting dynamic behaviors. We analyze the hyper-chaotic attractors, equilibrium points, Poincaré maps, Kaplan-York dimension, and Lyapunov exponent behaviors. The characteristics of hyper MoreThis paper constructs a new complex hyper-chaotic system with attractive coexisting dynamic behaviors. We analyze the hyper-chaotic attractors, equilibrium points, Poincaré maps, Kaplan-York dimension, and Lyapunov exponent behaviors. The characteristics of hyper-chaotic systems include higher complexity, higher parametric resistance and sensitivity to very small changes in initial conditions. We prove that the introduced hyper–chaotic system is much more complex than the similar hyper-chaotic systems, that can suitable for use in encryption and secure communication. Next, the work describes a fast terminal sliding mode controller scheme for the fast synchronization and stability of the new complex hyper–chaotic system. It is shown that by applying uncertainty to the system, both steps of the sliding mode control have finite-time convergence properties. Next, a comparison will be made between a newly designed controller and a similar. Finally, using the MATLAB simulation, the results are confirmed for the new system. The results shown that the new hyper-chaotic system with many adsorbents is much more complex than similar systems, and the proposed controller has a faster convergence response than the similar controller. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Synchronization of Delayed Fractional Order Chaotic Systems Based on Controller with Non-Linear Fractional Order PID Structure
Mohammad Rasouli Assef Zare Majid HallajiIn this paper, a new control approach for robust synchronization of chaotic systems with uncertainty, unknown parameters such as indefinite time delay and external disturbances is presented. Uncertain time delay as an important factor that increases the complexity of th MoreIn this paper, a new control approach for robust synchronization of chaotic systems with uncertainty, unknown parameters such as indefinite time delay and external disturbances is presented. Uncertain time delay as an important factor that increases the complexity of the control problem and overcoming it is stated in this article. By using the structure of nonlinear proportional-integral-derivative control­lers of fractional order, a sliding surface of fractional order has been introduced to design the control strategy of the said sliding mode. Then, using Lyapunov's theory, robust adaptive rules are designed in such a way that the estimation error of the unknown parameters of the fractional order system with an indefinite time delay tends to zero by the proposed control mechanism. Also, by using Lyapunov stability standard the stability analysis of the proposed robust control approach has been proved. Finally, the performance evaluation of the proposed mechanism, the synchronization of two Jerk chaotic systems with uncertainty along an indefinite time delay and disturbance, has been simulated by the presented control approach, the results of which show the robust and favorable performance of the simulation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - Sliding Mode Control of Gas Turbine Based on Adaptive Nonlinear Observer
Hamed Tabibi Mohsen ParsaAccording to the critical role of gas turbines in the industry, monitoring the performance of gas turbines is an important issue since it can prevent unexpected shutdowns and the serious consequent financial harms. One of the most important parts of a gas turbine is the MoreAccording to the critical role of gas turbines in the industry, monitoring the performance of gas turbines is an important issue since it can prevent unexpected shutdowns and the serious consequent financial harms. One of the most important parts of a gas turbine is the combustion chamber. Although the internal pressure and temperature of the combustion chamber can directly affect the performance and useful life of this part, however, it is not possible to measure it directly through sensors. Therefore, estimation of pressure variable is a good choice to achieve greater performance and more relative stability comparing with the methods in which there is no access to the internal pressure of the chamber. In this research, a suitable nonlinear dynamic model with produced power and exhausted gas temperature as its outputs is chosen. Thereafter, an adaptive surface sliding observer is designed in order to estimate the combustion pressure and temperature which are the state variables of the gas turbine. Afterward, utilizing a sliding mode controller and applying the estimated states, the produced power and exhaustion gas temperature of the gas turbine is controlled. In this paper, the stability of the closed-loop system in the presence of the state observer through the Lyapunov approach is guaranteed. Finally, simulation results are provided to verify the validity and efficiency of the proposed method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - Vector Control of Speed and Reactive Power of Brushless Doubly-Fed Induction Generator Based on Nonlinear Control Approach
Davoud Abootorabi Zarchi Hossein Abootorabi Zarchi Hamidreza Mosaddegh Hesar Mohammad Ali SalahmaneshThe brushless doubly fed induction generator (BDFIG) is one of the main members of doubly fed electrical generators which has come close to commercialization in recent years. This generator has some of outstanding features of squirrel cage induction generator and conven MoreThe brushless doubly fed induction generator (BDFIG) is one of the main members of doubly fed electrical generators which has come close to commercialization in recent years. This generator has some of outstanding features of squirrel cage induction generator and conventional synchronous generator, and at the same time, it requires a partially rated converter. One of the major challenges in the evolution of this generator is the problem of controlling it and the necessity of having a suitable and efficient controller to stabilize the generator in the operating speed range. Therefore, in this paper, a comprehensive vector control scheme based on nonlinear control methods is proposed. Accordingly, a reference model controller fulfills the control of rotor speed. In addition, for simultaneous control of reactive power and torque, a combined approach based on sliding mode and PI controllers are used. The simulation results show in presence of the mentioned control structure, the dynamic response of system in different conditions such as change of mechanical input power and reference speed variation is much more appropriate than when a linear controller is used. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Designing Predictive Kinematic Control and Dynamic Robust Control for Path Tracking in a Wheeled Mobile Robot
Fahime Kordi Hamid Reza Reza Alikhani Javad NikoukarIn this paper, we investigate a hybrid controller for wheeled mobile robots in the presence of external disturbances and parametric uncertainty. Robot models include kinematic and dynamic equations of motion. In this paper, in order to reach the final position, the whee MoreIn this paper, we investigate a hybrid controller for wheeled mobile robots in the presence of external disturbances and parametric uncertainty. Robot models include kinematic and dynamic equations of motion. In this paper, in order to reach the final position, the wheeled moving robot must be controlled in such a way that it can follow a reference path. Many studies often use a motion control strategy for the wheeled mobile robot. In this study, the proposed control strategy has two stages including cinematic control and dynamic control. In this regard, first after introducing the kinematic model of the robot, we design a predictive controller for this part and prove it. Then, based on the nonlinear dynamic dynamics of the robot, an adaptive sliding mode dynamic controller is introduced to estimate the disturbances online, automatically adjust the gain of the control and eliminate the umbrella phenomenon completely. Then, the proposed design is analyzed and proved using Lyapanov's theory of stability. According to the proposed adaptive control law, optimal convergence and tracking performance of all signals are guaranteed and tracking errors can converge arbitrarily in finite time to the source. Simulation results have been performed to show the effectiveness of the proposed design using Matlab software. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - Dynamic Response and Low-Voltage Ride-Through Improvement for A DFIG, Using an Integral Sliding Mode Controller with an Adjustable Reactive Power Reference Value
Hamid Moghadasi Mohammadreza MoradianIn this paper, a sliding mode controller with an adjustable reactive power reference value is proposed. To improve the performance of the controller in a steady-state, an Integral Sliding Mode Control is designed and used. In addition, to improve the low-voltage ride-th MoreIn this paper, a sliding mode controller with an adjustable reactive power reference value is proposed. To improve the performance of the controller in a steady-state, an Integral Sliding Mode Control is designed and used. In addition, to improve the low-voltage ride-through capability in the fault condition, a reactive power controller with an adjustable reference value is proposed. The performance of this control system, during the power track, is compared with two other control systems that have a fixed reference for reactive power and are based on SMC and PI controllers in 9 different fault modes. These 9 different modes include one-phase, two-phase, and three-phase short circuit faults in the sub-synchronous, synchronous, and super-synchronous mode of operation for DFIG. The proposed method has been implemented in Simulink/MATLAB software. The simulation results confirm the capability and effectiveness of the proposed control system in comparison with two other aforementioned control systems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - Design of Power System Stabilizer based on Sliding Mode Control Theory for Multi- Machine Power System
Ghazanfar Shahgholian Amin Rajabi Bahram Karimi Mohammad Reza YousefiThis paper presents a new method for designing of power system stabilizer (PSS) based on sliding mode control (SMC) technique. The control objective is to enhance stability and improve the dynamic response of the multi-machine power system. The mathematical model of the MoreThis paper presents a new method for designing of power system stabilizer (PSS) based on sliding mode control (SMC) technique. The control objective is to enhance stability and improve the dynamic response of the multi-machine power system. The mathematical model of the synchronous generator is first transformed into a form that facilitates the design of nonlinear control schemes. Then, a sliding mode controller is proposed. In order to test effectiveness of the proposed scheme, simulation will be carried out to analyze the small signal stability characteristics of the system about the steady state operating condition following the change in the parameters of the system and to the disturbances. For comparison, simulation of a conventional control PSS (lead-lag compensation type) will be carried out. The main approach is to focus on the control performance which later is proven to have the degree of shorter reaching time and lower spike. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - Fault Detection in Singular Bilinear Systems
Sara Mansouri Nasab Javad Askari Saeid HosseiniaSingular systems naturally exist in many physicall and practical systems in control issues. Also, a big group of nonlinear systems which can not be estimated by linear systems are carfully estimated by bilinear systems. On the other hand, if the user in sensetive system MoreSingular systems naturally exist in many physicall and practical systems in control issues. Also, a big group of nonlinear systems which can not be estimated by linear systems are carfully estimated by bilinear systems. On the other hand, if the user in sensetive systems dose not detect the fault on time,a considerable amount of facilities and information will be damaged and destroyed; therefore,the fault detection and recognition in singular bilinear systems with unknown input disturbances and faults by using bilinear sliding mode observer, is done in this paper because of the importance that singular bilinear systems have in modeling physical systems and undesirable effect of fault on performances of systems. For this perpose, have at first singular bilinear system is decomposed, then a sliding mode observer is considered for it. More over, a method is given for fault detection and isolation base on sliding mode observer. And at the end, we have a simulation for a numeral example to illustrate the effect of given method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Fuzzy Second Order Sliding Mode Speed Observer for a Synchronous Reluctance Motor with Predictive Control
Sara Saberian BorojeniIn this paper, the torque error signal and the amplitude of the stator flux reference vector are delivered to a PI predictive controller. The predictive controller also uses information on the amplitude and position of the actual stator flux vector and measured stator c MoreIn this paper, the torque error signal and the amplitude of the stator flux reference vector are delivered to a PI predictive controller. The predictive controller also uses information on the amplitude and position of the actual stator flux vector and measured stator currents to determine the voltage command vector for space vector modulation inverter, a conventional PI speed controller is used to generate the torque reference signal. A second order sliding mode observer issued to perform accurate tracking of the motor speed. Soft computing technique, Fuzzy logic, is applied in this paper for the estimation of the observer parameters. Simulation results show the effectivness of the proposed control method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - Design of a Sliding Mode Controller for Two-Wheeled Balancing Robot
Ehsan Abbas nejad Abbas HarifiNowadays, the control of mechanical systems with fewer inputs than outputs (Under-actuated systems) has become a challenging problem for control engineers. Two-wheeled balancing robots is one of the appealing examples of this category. This type of robot contains two pa MoreNowadays, the control of mechanical systems with fewer inputs than outputs (Under-actuated systems) has become a challenging problem for control engineers. Two-wheeled balancing robots is one of the appealing examples of this category. This type of robot contains two parallel wheels and an inverted pendulum. In this research, designing of controller have been investigated for flat surfaces. For controller design, the extract dynamics of the system has been achieved based on Kane's method. Then for the two-wheeled balancing robot, one sliding mode controller has been designed for yaw angle, and another sliding mode controller has been designed to control both position and pitch angle based on a proposed sliding surface. The main feature of the proposed controllers is that all of controllers have been designed based on the nonlinear dynamics of system. Also, considering the limits of uncertainties while designing systems, the robustness of controllers have been increased. The common problem of sliding mode control is chattering phenomenon that has been greatly reduced using saturation function instead of sign function. Simulation results comparision of the designed controller with a LQR controller, validates the effectiveness of the proposed controller. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - Novel Control Strategy for VSI and CSI Active Filters and Comparing These Two Types of Filters
Gholam Reza Arab Somayeh Yarahmadi Jafar SoltaniRecently to eliminate the harmonics and improve the power factor of the power networks, much attention has been attracted to active filters. The advantages of these filters are lower volume and their better compensating characteristics than the passive filters. In conve MoreRecently to eliminate the harmonics and improve the power factor of the power networks, much attention has been attracted to active filters. The advantages of these filters are lower volume and their better compensating characteristics than the passive filters. In conventional sliding mode controllers, the source current waveform is fluctuated in near to zero values. In this paper, using a new sliding technique, lower Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) in source current is obtained and the current waveform is improved. As well as, two novel control strategies for two types of active filters, VSI and CSI is proposed and then these two types of filters are compared to reduce THD value of source current.The proposed controlled strategies are simulated by MATLAB/Simulink. The Simulation results confirm that the proposed strategies reduce the THD of source current more than other strategies, and active filter based on CSI has a better performance than active filter based on VSI with a dead time area (for avoiding short circuit of the source) in high powers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - Loss Minimization Sliding Mode Control of IPM Synchronous Motor Drives
Mehran Zamanifar Sadegh Vaez-ZadehIn this paper, a nonlinear loss minimization control strategy for an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) based on a newly developed sliding mode approach is presented. This control method sets force the speed control of the IPMSM drives and simultaneousl MoreIn this paper, a nonlinear loss minimization control strategy for an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) based on a newly developed sliding mode approach is presented. This control method sets force the speed control of the IPMSM drives and simultaneously ensures the minimization of the losses besides the uncertainties exist in the system such as parameter variations which have undesirable effects on the controller performance except at near nominal conditions. Simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed controller. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - Investigation of the Bond - Slip Effect on Cracking of RC Panel Using Lattice Model
Hamide shojaefar Masoud farzamABSTRACT The present paper studiesthree bond-slip models (CEB-FIP, Harajli and Farra) based on thefindings of previous experimental studies in order to investigate the influence of bond-slip on crack spacing and crack propagation in RC MoreABSTRACT The present paper studiesthree bond-slip models (CEB-FIP, Harajli and Farra) based on thefindings of previous experimental studies in order to investigate the influence of bond-slip on crack spacing and crack propagation in RC panel. For this purpose, the RC panel is modeled using a lattice type numerical model in ABAQUS software, in which the cracking process is represented by the damage of the concrete bar elements. The lattice models are proposed based on an improved cracking criterion, which is derived from fracture mechanics principles. Concrete and steel are combined based on a model of the interaction (bond-link) through bond-slip in order to describe the behavior of the composite reinforced concrete material. The results of this analysis showed that the effects of diverse bond-slip models on crack spacing, crack propagation and damage localization are significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - Evaluation of the Peak Ground Acceleration on Seismic Characteristic of Critical Slice Surface on Embankment dams
Mehdi ShirdelAbstract: Usually, safety of slip surfaces in embankment dams have been evaluated with 2 methods: peak ground acceleration increasing method and stuff resistance decreasing method are 2 main methods for evaluation of critical bound. In this research, peak ground accele MoreAbstract: Usually, safety of slip surfaces in embankment dams have been evaluated with 2 methods: peak ground acceleration increasing method and stuff resistance decreasing method are 2 main methods for evaluation of critical bound. In this research, peak ground acceleration increasing method has been used to evaluate stability safety of slip surfaces. In this method, peak ground acceleration has been increased to receiving critical bounds for parameters in time domain (for example permanent deformation, equal dynamic factor of safety, and minimum dynamic factor of safety). To evaluate the effect of this parameter, Masjed Soleiman dam has been selected for a case study. 10 Finite Element model of Masjed Soleiman dam has been constructed considering the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion for the body of the dam. The 2 earthquake records have been applied horizontally to the bedrock as the input for dynamic analysis without any change in frequency content. Results show that, in critical sliding surface on downstream, with increasing of peak ground acceleration, equal dynamic factor of safety decreased but changing of minimum dynamic factor of safety and permanent deformation have meaningful process. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - Explanation of Physical Resilience of Rural Settlements in Amlesh County Against Landslides
Khalil Mehrzad eisa pourramzan Nasrollah Molaei HashjinIntroduction: Estimating and improving the resilience of rural areas is also very important in reducing the effects of natural hazards and achieving sustainable development. Landslides are among the natural hazards that threaten rural settlements and local communities. MoreIntroduction: Estimating and improving the resilience of rural areas is also very important in reducing the effects of natural hazards and achieving sustainable development. Landslides are among the natural hazards that threaten rural settlements and local communities. Therefore, determining the level of resilience of rural settlements in lands prone to landslides can be a suitable way to reduce the effects of this risk in rural areas.Research aim: The aim of the current research is to determine the physical resilience of rural settlements in Amlesh city against landslides. Methodology: In this research, the level of physical resilience of 145 villages of Amlesh city against landslides was determined and classified by the analysis hierarchy method (AHP). For this purpose, 10 criteria were used in the order of importance of slope, distance from fault, building quality, materials and materials, building life, seismicity, geology, direction of slope, width of passages and height.Studied Areas: The geographical territory of this research is the rural areas of Amlesh County.Results: The findings showed that the villages of Amlesh city have very low, low, medium, high and very high resilience, so that out of 145 villages in this district, 2, 23, 66, 52 and 1 villages are between very low and very high resilience spectrum were placed. Therefore, 63.18 percent of the villages in this city have moderate to low resilience and 36.82 percent of the villages have high and very high resilience to the risk of landslides. Therefore, 63.18 percent of the villages in this city have moderate to low resilience and 36.82 percent of the villages have high and very high resilience to the risk of landslides.Conclusion: Examining the level of resilience of villages in the three plains, foothills and mountainous regions proves that medium to low resilience in the villages of the foothills is more than the other two regions and the share of villages with medium resilience in all three regions is higher than the others. Classes are higher resilience. In addition, the villages with very little resilience were located in the foothills and mountainous areas, and the role of altitude in reducing the resilience of villages was revealed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - Safaroud Basin Aquifer Landslides Geomorphology-Ramsar Zone
mohamadreza servati seyed yousef hashemiSafarud River is placed as farasits source that is javaherdeh high altitude still its maximum limit which is Khazar Sea and its direction is north east to south west. The long distance between its source and cancause different changes and a lot of transformation along s MoreSafarud River is placed as farasits source that is javaherdeh high altitude still its maximum limit which is Khazar Sea and its direction is north east to south west. The long distance between its source and cancause different changes and a lot of transformation along side. One of the obvious agents and important Geomorphological phenomena in the area of the Safaroud river is land sliding that its occurrence causes the obstruction of roads. Destruction of agriculture gardens, plant coverage, erosion of lands, damage of residential areas and killing the human beings, too.Studying the Geomorphology of landslides and the factors contributing to their occurrence as well as determining of danger points and to give methods of controlling them are deemed to be important since the considered are a is one of the most important regions for the water supply and also the biggest of tourist center and that it can be used for planning purposes.Arc Gis software has been used for parting the land of dangers of landslide as well as for preparing the maps.It is known about 33 landslide in this basin which some factors like Geology, plant covering, soil, climate, Hydrology, Geomorphology and human activities in the landslide affection it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - ارزیابی عوامل و ارائه ی راهکار جهت تثبیت زمین لغزش در منطقه پادنای سمیرم
علیرضا عنایتی مقدم Akbar Ghazifard همایون صفایی کورش شیرانی -
Open Access Article
93 - نقش سیستم شکستگی ها در شرایط بارگذاری لرزه ای بر ناپایداری دیواره غربی معدن مس سرچشمه
عباس کنگی محسن پورکرمانی سمیه میرزایی -
Open Access Article
94 - پهنه بندی خطر زمین لغزش با استفاده از روش فرایند تحلیل سلسله مراتبی (مطالعه موردی: حوضه کسمت)
سلمان سوری سیامک بهاروند رضا احمدیان مقدم مریم دهبان -
Open Access Article
95 - مکانیابی مسیر راه بندبن -لایی در جنوب نکا با استفاده از GIS
مریم فتاحی بندپی محمد غفوری غلامرضا لشکری پور ناصر حافظی مقدس -
Open Access Article
96 - بررسی و مقایسه شاخص های ارزش اطلاعات و تراکم سطح در تهیه نقشه های خطر زمین لغزش (مطالعه موردی: منطقه پیشکوه فریدونشهر اصفهان)
کورش شیرانی احمد نصر Jafar Rahnamarad عبدالرسول شفیعی دستجردی -
Open Access Article
97 - زمین ساخت جنبا و برآورد خطر زمین لرزه در منطقه سبزواران
امیر شفیعی بافتی حیمدرضا جعفری مجید شاهپسند زاده -
Open Access Article
98 - ناپایداری دامنه های رودخانه رجدون تحت تاثیر بارگذاری لرزه ای (شمال گناوه)
عباس کنگی Jafar Rahnamarad نادر سعادت خواه علی روحانی -
Open Access Article
99 - The Effectiveness of Training Self-Encouragement on Cognitive Slippage and Fear of Negative Evaluation
Zahra Sohrabi Fariborz Dortaj Esmaeil Sa’dipourThe purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of self-encouragement training on cognitive slippage and fear of negative evaluation of female students. This research was conducted as a semi-experimental design with pretest-posttest and control group. Th MoreThe purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of self-encouragement training on cognitive slippage and fear of negative evaluation of female students. This research was conducted as a semi-experimental design with pretest-posttest and control group. The subjects wre 30 students (15 participants for each group) selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. The experimental group received 8 sessions of self-Encouragement training, meanwhile the control group did not receive any training. At the end of the training, post-test was taken from all participants. Instruments of the study included Cognitive Slippage Scale (Miers, & Raulin, 1985) and Fear of Negative Evaluation Questionnaire (Watson, & Friend, 1969). The results of MANCOVA showed that self-encouragement training reduced the cognitive slippage and fear of negative evaluation. According to the effectiveness of this training in decreasing cognitive slippage and fear of negative evaluation, it can be considered practical for students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - Translation Criticism of God's Names
Farzaneh TajabadiThe process of message transmitting from the source language to the target language is always difficult, and undoubtedly, translation difficulty level of sacred texts, such as the Quran, is twofold. Considering the nature of the translation, it is not expected of any Qu MoreThe process of message transmitting from the source language to the target language is always difficult, and undoubtedly, translation difficulty level of sacred texts, such as the Quran, is twofold. Considering the nature of the translation, it is not expected of any Quran's translator to present exact re-creation of the meaning and message of the Quran in target language. Just because of that, different experts as linguists and translation critics should identify and examine mistakes and errors which translators of the Quran encounter, to propose a practical solution. One of the major problems in the Quran's Persian contemporary translations is to select an equivalent for divine names and attributes used frequently in the text of the Quran. This study aimed to identify these fallacies through a survey of ten Quran's contemporary translations chosen from Noor software database randomly. For this purpose, translation of 15 items of divine names and attributes were discussed from the linguistic point of view. In order to increase the validity of the results, names with a high frequency in text were selected. A close view of all the details shows that the most obvious mistakes made in the translation of the divine names and attributes in Persian are: lack of consistency; the non-observance of the consistency in translating the names in verses with similar syntactical and thematic structures; the use of difficult and obsolete equivalents; ignoring the emotional load of the verse in choosing the equivalent; word omission (ellipsis); not paying attention to the lexical and syntactical structure of the word in Arabic language and so on. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - بررسی تطبیقی نیکی و پلیدی در دو حماسه شاهنامه فردوسی و سرود نیبلونگن
شهرام صحاوی الهام رحمانی مفرد -
Open Access Article
102 - انتقال حرارت جابجایی اجباری نانوسیال درون میکرو لوله با شار حرارتی ثابت و سرعت لغزشی
سعید جاوید آرش کریمی پوربا توجه به نیاز افزایش راندمان انتقال حرارت در سیستم های حرارتی بخصوص در سیستم هایی با ابعاد میکرو و نانو وجود ایده استفاده از نانوسیالات در تجهیزات انتقال حرارت برای بهبود عملکرد آن ها بسیار مناسب می باشد. دراین مقاله جریان و انتقال حرارت جابجایی اجباری نانوسیال آ Moreبا توجه به نیاز افزایش راندمان انتقال حرارت در سیستم های حرارتی بخصوص در سیستم هایی با ابعاد میکرو و نانو وجود ایده استفاده از نانوسیالات در تجهیزات انتقال حرارت برای بهبود عملکرد آن ها بسیار مناسب می باشد. دراین مقاله جریان و انتقال حرارت جابجایی اجباری نانوسیال آب-مس در یک میکرو لوله در رژیم لغزشی تحت شار حرارتی ثابت در مقادیر رینولدز پایین به صورت عددی موردبررسی قرار می گیرد. شرط مرزی لغزش و پرش دمایی در دیواره برای اولین بار مورداستفاده قرار گرفت و نتایج بهصورت پروفیل های سرعت و دما و محاسبه مقادیر ناسلت و افت فشار موضعی در ناحیه ورودی و توسعهیافته کانال ارائهشده است. اثر لغزش و استفاده از نانو سیالات بر انتقال حرارت در میکرو لوله بررسی گردیده است.نتایج نشان می دهد که عدد ناسلت در ناحیه توسعهیافته با افزایش لغزش در دیواره، افزایش و میزان افت فشار در این ناحیه کاهش می یابد و نتایج در این ناحیه مستقل از عدد رینولدز جریان هست. در ناحیه ورودی افزایش عدد رینولدز جریان نیز باعث افزایش این مقادیر در این ناحیه می-گردد. همچنین در این پژوهش مشاهده گردید افزودن نانو ذرات به سیال باعث افزایش انتقال حرارت جریان گردیده اما این مقدار ناچیز است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - Evaluation of two types of tractor steel lugged wheel in paddy soil preparation
Ali Reshadsedghi Masoud ZabolestaniIt is obvious that a tractor with ordinary rubber tyres performs poorly in wetland operations due to slip and sinkage. To overcome this problem and consequently to increase tractive efficiency and field capacity of tractor in different farm operations in rice cultivatio MoreIt is obvious that a tractor with ordinary rubber tyres performs poorly in wetland operations due to slip and sinkage. To overcome this problem and consequently to increase tractive efficiency and field capacity of tractor in different farm operations in rice cultivation, two types of tractor steel lugged wheel were manufactured.One of them was a folding type cage wheel which could be attached on each tractor rear wheel, and could provide facility for road transportation.The other one was a steel wheel with several teeth around it, named swampy steel wheel, that can be replaced each tractor rear wheel and could move in puddled soils.In this study, for folding type cage wheel evaluation, travel reduction and field capacity of tractor were measured with and without cage wheels by various tractor speeds in primary tillage operation and data analyzed as split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Second type of steel wheel was evaluated from view point of capability of land leveling operation with different tractor speeds. separately. Results showed that, 1. Folding type cage wheels had significant effect on slip reduction in wet soil, thus, it increased travel speed and field capacity in tillage operation and. 2. using the second type steel lugged wheel increased tractor speed and field capacity of field operations such as land leveling, seed broadcasting and spraying in puddled soils. Manuscript profile
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