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Open Access Article
1 - Investigation the effect of ultrasonic pretreatment on drying rate of cherry and process modeling using genetic algorithm-artificial neural network method
F. Salehi M. Inanloodoghouz S. GhazvinehIntroduction: Due to their high moisture content, cherries have a very high rate of spoilage and require the use of some post-harvest treatments in order to be effectively preserved. Drying is one of these preservation methods. Drying time can be shortened by using ultr MoreIntroduction: Due to their high moisture content, cherries have a very high rate of spoilage and require the use of some post-harvest treatments in order to be effectively preserved. Drying is one of these preservation methods. Drying time can be shortened by using ultrasonic waves as a pretreatment before drying agricultural products. The genetic algorithm–artificial neural network method has a high ability to find the optimal value of a complex objective function.Materials and Methods: In this study, the effect of sonication treatment for 0, 3, 6, and 9 minutes on drying time, weight changes, and rehydration of cherries was investigated. In the next step, this process was modeled by genetic algorithm–artificial neural network method with 2 inputs (drying time and ultrasonic pretreatment time) and 1 output (weight loss percentage).Results: The results of this research showed that sonication for up to 3 min increased the rate of moisture removal from cherries and thus reduced drying time. 3-min treatment with ultrasound increased the rehydration of dried cherries; but as the treatment time increased to 6 min and 9 min, the amount of rehydration decreased. Genetic algorithm–artificial neural network modeling results showed that a network with a 1-4-2 structure in one hidden layer and using the hyperbolic tangent activation function can predict the weight loss percentage of cherries during drying with a high correlation coefficient and a low error value. According to the results of sensitivity analysis test, drying time was the most effective factor in changing the weight loss percentage of cherries during the drying process.Conclusion: In general, the best conditions for drying cherries are pretreatment with ultrasound for 3 minutes followed by drying the product with hot-air. Based on the modeling results, the genetic algorithm–artificial neural network method can also be used to predict the parameters of the cherry drying process. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Effect of type of pretreatment and enzyme on antioxidant capacity of hydrolyzed protein of edible mushroom (Agaricus bisporus)
isan izannloo َAlireza Sadeghi MahoonakIntroduction: Free radicals originate from oxidation reactions decrease food quality and also promote incidence of various diseases such as cancer. Materials and Methods: In this research the effect of four enzymes, alcalase, trypsin, pepsin, and pancreatin, without pre MoreIntroduction: Free radicals originate from oxidation reactions decrease food quality and also promote incidence of various diseases such as cancer. Materials and Methods: In this research the effect of four enzymes, alcalase, trypsin, pepsin, and pancreatin, without pretreatment and with microwave and ultrasound pretreatment under optimal hydrolysis conditions on the antioxidant capacity of edible mushroom hydrolyzed protein was compared. The hydrolysis process to reach the maximum antioxidant activity with a ratio of enzyme to substrate of 1% and at the optimum temperature of each enzyme with and without microwave and ultrasound pretreatment and ultrasound pretreatment with 160W power, then hydrolysis with enzyme was done in 60 minutes and for samples without pretreatment, hydrolysis time was 120 minutes for each enzyme.Results: The results showed that the highest amount of total antioxidant capacity was 1.64 with hydrolysis by pepsin enzyme, the highest reducing power of iron ion was 2.80 with hydrolysis by alcalase enzyme. The highest iron ion chelation power of 65.08% was achieved with hydrolysis by trypsin enzyme and the highest DPPH free radical inhibition activity of 80.57% with hydrolysis by pepsin enzyme, all in the samples pre-treated with 160W ultrasound in the hydrolysis time of 60 minutes. Conclusions: The results showed that in order to create the desired antioxidant properties in the hydrolyzed protein obtained from edible mushrooms, a special combination of hydrolyzing enzyme and pretreatment should be used, and ultrasound pretreatment is more effective than microwave in this field. formulations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - The Effect of Ultrasound on the Bioactive Compounds of Essential Oil Extracted from the Peel of Orange Thomson Cultivar
Elham Azarpazhooh Parvin Sharayei Shahin Zomorodi Hedieh Yazdanfar Soodabeh SharayeiIntroduction: In recent years, the use of citrus peel essential oil as a natural preservative in foods has been widely considered. There are several methods to extract the essence oil of orange peel, one of which is the use of ultrasound. The objective of this study was MoreIntroduction: In recent years, the use of citrus peel essential oil as a natural preservative in foods has been widely considered. There are several methods to extract the essence oil of orange peel, one of which is the use of ultrasound. The objective of this study was to evaluate the extraction conditions of essential oil by ultrasound method from the peel of Thompson cultivar using the response surface methodology. Materials and Methods: Independent variables included ultrasound intensity, time and process temperature at three levels of 20, 60 and 100%, 5, 10 and 15 min and 25, 35 and 45 ͦ C were studied, respectively. Efficiency of extraction, total phenolic compounds, DPPH and inhibitory of orange peel essential oils against Aspergillus niger fungus were determined. Results: The optimal conditions for extracting the essential oil of orange peel were sonication intensity 60%, processing time and temperature of 19 min and 35 °C respectively. At this optimum condition, efficiency of extraction, phenolic compounds and DPPH value of the orange peel essential oils were 13.09%, 42.16 mg/100g and 55%, respectively. The experimental values were in a good agreement with the predicted values. Also, at the optimal conditions, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the orange peel essential oils was 18.5 mm and potassium sorbate was 18.3 mm. Therefore, orange peel essential oil at a concentration equal to potassium sorbate (1000 mg/ml) has antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger. Conclusion: The present study revealed that the essential oil of orange peel has a potential source of active ingredients like polyphenols that are well-known for their antioxidant properties. Ultrasound extraction is an effective technique for extraction of these compounds. Also orange peel essential oil can be used in foods instead of chemical and synthetic antioxidants and preservatives. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - The Effect of Ultrasound-Assisted Conditions on the Extraction of Phenolic Compounds and Flavonoids from Autumn Olive Fruits (Elaeagnus umbellate)
سعیده Khademi شاهین Mardani NejadIntroduction: Plants are rich source of phenolic compounds (phenolic acids, flavonoids and tannins) that are natural antioxidants. The purpose of the present study was to use two ultrasonic methods including probe and bath for the extraction of phenol MoreIntroduction: Plants are rich source of phenolic compounds (phenolic acids, flavonoids and tannins) that are natural antioxidants. The purpose of the present study was to use two ultrasonic methods including probe and bath for the extraction of phenolic compounds and flavonoids from autumn olive and evaluate the ability of the extracts to scavenge DPPH free radical using three extraction solvents consisting of water, 80% methanol and 70% ethanol. Materials and Methods: Water, 80% methanol and 70% ethanol were used as extracting solvents and the effect of different extraction periods (30, 60 and 90 min) for bath method and 5, 10 and 20 min for probe method were evaluated on the extraction of phenolic compounds. Results: The results showed that in the probe method of ultrasonic, the highest phenolic compounds (13.8 ± 0.05 milligrams gallic acid/ g dried sample) and DPPH radical scavenging activity (98.94%) were obtained using70% ethanol as solvent within 20 minutes of extraction period. In the ultra sound bath, the highest extraction rate of phenolic compounds (15.82 ± 0.057mg gallic acid equivalent/ g dry sample) and flavonoids (7.09 ± 0. 110 mg of quercetin per gram of dry sample) were obtained by the application of 70% ethanol within 90 minutes. Conclusion: The results indicated that the probe and bath methods of ultrasound had different effects on extraction of bioactive compounds from autumn olive. In each extraction method, the rate of extraction of phenolic compounds and flavonoids were solvent dependent and in all the extraction method, 70% ethanol showed the best effect as extracting solvent . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Comparative Study of the Effects of Ultrasound and Microwave Treatments on Soybean Oil Extraction
M. Haddadi M. Gharachorloo B. Ghiassi TarziIntroduction: The continuous need of human society to extract vegetable oils has led to many studies on the introduction of a more efficient and economical extraction process. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of ultrasonic and microwave applications MoreIntroduction: The continuous need of human society to extract vegetable oils has led to many studies on the introduction of a more efficient and economical extraction process. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of ultrasonic and microwave applications as new methods for extracting oil and also studying the physicochemical properties of the extracted oil using two ultrasonic and microwave pre-treatments. Materials and Methods: In this study, soybean oil was extracted by ultrasound at three different time intervals of 30, 60 and 90 minutes, and two different temperatures of 25 and 50 °C in the presence and absence of solvent. Microwave was also applied as heat pre-treatment at three different time intervals of 1, 3 and 5 minutes, and 180 watts in the presence and absence of solvent. Soxhlet method was applied as a mean to extract the oil. The physicochemical properties of the extracted oils were studied. Results: In the present study, the ultrasound treated samples had the highest effect on oil extraction efficiency at 50 °C for 90 minutes by solvent-treated seeds, and this effect was significant (p <0.05). Ultrasound pretreatment increased oil pigments extraction in comparison with other methods and had less effect on acidity and peroxide values than microwave pretreatment. Conclusion: Microwave preheating and ultrasound were superior to Soxhlet's method alone in the extraction efficiency of soybean oil, and ultrasound pre-treatment showed the best results. Additionally, the microwave and ultrasound extraction methods did not have adverse effects on physicochemical characteristics of soybean oil. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Effects of Ultrasound Treatments on Color, Antioxidant Compounds, Sugar Profile of Jahrom Lime Juice
Z. Alaei RoozbahaniIntroduction: Concerning the increase of consumers' knowledge about health and nutrition, consumers, along with increasing the shelf life of food products, want to maintain the original quality of the processed product. Sonication might be recognized as a potential tech MoreIntroduction: Concerning the increase of consumers' knowledge about health and nutrition, consumers, along with increasing the shelf life of food products, want to maintain the original quality of the processed product. Sonication might be recognized as a potential technique to improve improvement in the quality of fruit juices. Materials and Methods: The influence of thermal treatment and sonication on Physicochemical properties (°Brix, pH, electrical conductivity, cloud value and acidity), colour values, antioxidant compounds and activity (total phenolics, ascorbic acid, flavonoids, free radical scavenging activity), sugar profile, browning index and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural content were investigated. Results: The results indicated that conventional pasteurization and sonication treatment did not show any significant changes in pH, acidity value, Brix, sugar and 5-HMF contents of juice, and however, a rise in cloud value and electrical conductivity and browning index were observed under all processing conditions. The thermal treatment caused the decrement in the bioactive compounds and antioxidants activity whereas sonication treatment for 90 min increased the maximum activity of bioactive compounds and antioxidants as compared to other treatment conditions and control. Some differences in all the colour values were also observed. Conclusion: thermal treatment causes decline in quality parameters of lime juice, whereas the significant increment in bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity was observed in juice samples after being exposed to sonication treatment. Therefore, ultrasound treatment might be considered as a good alternative to the thermal treatment in beverage industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Preparation and Evaluation of Physico-Mechanical Gluten Film and its Comparison with Low Density Poly Ethylene Film
A. Arabi H. Ebadi Dehaghani S. Vakili SH. Khosh AkhlaghcIntroduction: The packaging and food industries are now more than ever joining efforts to reduce the amount of food packaging and to use biodegradable materials as an environmentally-friendly alternative to the synthetic polymers for cost effectiveness as well as enviro MoreIntroduction: The packaging and food industries are now more than ever joining efforts to reduce the amount of food packaging and to use biodegradable materials as an environmentally-friendly alternative to the synthetic polymers for cost effectiveness as well as environmental reasons. The aim of this research is to compare the physical and mechanical properties of gluten edible films to the low density poly ethylene films (LDPE). Materials and Methods: Gluten edible films containing different concentrations of glycerol (1.5, 3 and 5 % wt) were prepared by the ordinary mixing as well as the ultra-sound system. The films were evaluated for the elongation at break and tensile strength and compared with LDPE films. Results: The application of ultrasound for preparation of the samples did not have significant effect on the mechanical and barrier properties of them. The effect of freezing on the mechanical properties of gluten film revealed that freezing led to an increase in the tensile strength and elongation at break up to 75 and 300%, respectively. The results of mechanical tests of gluten films, when compared to the LDPE film, indicated that gluten films characteristics were comparable to the petroleum source films, especially at 3% weight of glycerol content. Conclusion: The oxygen permeability of the gluten films showed that because of having low oxygen permeability as compared to LDPE film, gluten film can be used as a strong oxygen barrier for packaging industries. Moreover, being edible and environmentally friendly film, it can be applied as effectively controlled-permeation packaging in order to prevent the decay of food products. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - The Effect of Ultrasonic Waves on Peroxidase Activity and Vitamin C Content of Green Bean
M. Yolmeh F. Salehi M. NajafzadehIntroduction: The application of ultrasound in food processing is considered a novel technique, that can be used along with the conventional methods. This study evaluated the effects of the ultrasound blanching (USB) of green bean on residual peroxidase activity and vit MoreIntroduction: The application of ultrasound in food processing is considered a novel technique, that can be used along with the conventional methods. This study evaluated the effects of the ultrasound blanching (USB) of green bean on residual peroxidase activity and vitamin C of green bean. Materials and Methods: Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to study the effect of process variables on the Ultrasound Blanching. Three independent variables including temperature (50-90°C), time (45-225 s), and duty cycle (0.2-0.8 s) were examined. Results: According to the results, the Linear-square models were more suitable than other models for both responses. All of the linear and quadric terms of time and duty cycle of residual Peroxidase activities have shown significant effects (P<0.05). However, the effect of quadric term of temperature was insignificant (P>0.05). On the other hands, the linear and quadric terms of temperature and time have shown significant effects (P<0.05) unlike the quadric terms of duty cycle (P<0.05) for vitamin C loss. Conclusion: According to the performed tests the range of the residual peroxidase activity and percent of vitamin C loss were 3.85-34.75 and 2.00-22.75, respectively. The results from this research demonstrated that USB is an effective technique for green bean blanching in comparison with the conventional method. The advantages of this technique include lower blanching time, less vitamin C damage and more peroxidase inactivation as compared to the conventional method at the same time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Optimization of Canola Oil Extraction by Ultrasound Waves and Response Surface Methodology
F. Jalili S. M. Jafari Z. Emamjomeh M. Kashaninejad M. GanjehIntroduction: Canola seed is one of the most important oil seed with high ratio of oil andhigh nutritional value and is economically recommended for cultivation and oil extraction.Extraction with ultrasound waves as a nondestructive and novel method might be employed.Th MoreIntroduction: Canola seed is one of the most important oil seed with high ratio of oil andhigh nutritional value and is economically recommended for cultivation and oil extraction.Extraction with ultrasound waves as a nondestructive and novel method might be employed.Therefore the aim of this research is optimization of extraction of canola oil by ultrasoundwaves and RSM.Materials and Methods: In this project, Response Surface Methodology was employed foroptimization of canola oil extraction by ultrasound waves using hexane andhexane/isopropanol as solvents by the ratio of 3:2 (v/v). The influence of extractiontemperature in the range of 35, 45 and 55℃, ultrasound treatment time for 30, 60 and 90minutes and ratio of solvent to canola in three levels of 5, 10 and 15 ml/g were analyzed byBox-Behnken Design (BBD) based on extracted oil percent. The fatty acid compositions ofthe extracted oils using ultrasound-assisted method and soxhlet method employing gas liquidchromatography were determined and compared.Results: According to the high values of correlation coefficients of selected models optimizedfor hexane solvent extraction methods (R2 =0.93) and hexane-isopropanol solvent mixture(R2 =0.97) and no significant lack of fit tests (P>0.05) selected models might be useful topredict the extraction percentage of canola oil.Conclusion: The results showed that the optimum conditions for canola oil extraction byhexane (22.39 %) and combined hexane/isopropanol (30.66 %) were respectively atultrasound treatment times of 69.5 and 87 minutes, temperatures of 55 and 55 ℃ and ratio ofsolvent to canola of 6.39 and 9.12 (%v/w). Extraction efficiency was significantly improvedby ultrasound as compared to the soxhlet extraction. Fatty acid compositions of the canolaoils were not significantly affected by the application of ultrasound (P> 0.05). Thereforeultrasound might be regarded as a simple and rapid method to improve the extraction of oilwithout affecting the quality of the fatty acids present. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - The Effect of Ultrasonic Pretreatment on Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Compounds of White and Brown Rice Extracted from Lenjan Sorkhe Cultivar
K. Pourmohammadi E. Abedi M. Khaleghan M.R. MahmoodiIntroduction: Brown rice cultivars has higher nutritional values than the white rice cultivars due to the total phenolic compounds. Ultrasonic pretreatment is an efficient method for the extraction of phenolic compounds due to time saving, high performance efficiency an MoreIntroduction: Brown rice cultivars has higher nutritional values than the white rice cultivars due to the total phenolic compounds. Ultrasonic pretreatment is an efficient method for the extraction of phenolic compounds due to time saving, high performance efficiency and also less solvent consumption. Materials and Methods: Total phenolic compounds and flavonoid contents were determined and antioxidant potential was assessed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. Bioactive compounds of white and brown rice were extracted under various solvents including (water, ethanol 100%, methanol 100%, ethanol 50%, methanol 50% and ethanol 50%-methanol 50%) and two extraction methods such as Soxhlet extractor and ultrasonic bath. The comparison of the test variables were performed by Duncan's test and three-way multivariate analysis of variance. Results: The results showed that the highest flavonoids content (162 mg gallic acid/ Kg sample), poly phenols (142.5 mg quercetin / kg sample) and radicals scavenging effect DPPH (%76.4) belonged to brown rice under ultrasonic method and ethanol:methanol (50:50) solvent extraction. The results exibited that all the main related factors such as methods of extraction, solvents and rice have significant effects on the amount of polyphenols, flavonoids and DPPH. Conclusion: Under the same extraction condition, total phenol and flavonoid contents of brown rice is higher than the white rice. Ultrasonic extraction could enhance the total phenol and flavonoids contents compared to the soxhlet extraction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Application of HPTLC in the Assessment of the Extraction Process of Stevia Rebaudiana Using Ultrasound Waves
M. Rouhani Z. Mirjafari H. Rezapour J. MokhtariIntroduction: In the recent decades, the increase in population, decrease in physical activities and consumption of improper food to fulfill the nutritional need have caused various diseases namely diabetes. The extract from the leaves of Stevia Rebaudiana plant might b MoreIntroduction: In the recent decades, the increase in population, decrease in physical activities and consumption of improper food to fulfill the nutritional need have caused various diseases namely diabetes. The extract from the leaves of Stevia Rebaudiana plant might be employed as a natural sugar substitute. The aim of the present study is to employ ultrasound waves to optimize the extraction process from the leaves of Stevia Rebaudiana and use High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) to analyze the extract. Materials and Methods: Water, water-methanol mixture, methanol, water-ethanol mixture and ethanol was applied for extraction as solvent. The extraction was carried out by soxhlet and ultrasound waves at various times and power condition according to the official procedures. Results: The results indicated that water was the most suitable solvent among the solvents employed. The results also showed that the application of ultrasound with power of 90 W for 2 minutes resulted better extraction (811.61 g/mlμ) as compared to the soxhlet method (795.70 g/mlμ). Conclusion: The present study indicated that ultrasound application might be a suitable, fast and safe method for extraction of Stevioside sweetener from Stevia Rebaudiana. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Extraction and Determination of Diazinon Poison by NiZnS-C Nanoparticles by Ultrasound Microextraction and Experimental Design from Environmental Waters
Saeid Khodadoust Mohammad Sharif TalebiyanpourBackground and Objective: Organophosphates are the basis of many pesticides and chemical warfare agents. Organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) are a class of chemicals that generally act as cholinesterase inhibitors and have been widely used in agriculture due to their hig MoreBackground and Objective: Organophosphates are the basis of many pesticides and chemical warfare agents. Organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) are a class of chemicals that generally act as cholinesterase inhibitors and have been widely used in agriculture due to their high efficiency as insecticides. The main purpose of this study is to present a new method for extracting diazinon toxin from ambient water.Material and Methodology: In this research NiZnS nonmaterial supported on the activated carbon synthesized and characterized with various method including XRD, FT-IR and TEM. Then these nanomaterials with 45 nm average particle size was applied for extraction of diazinon pesticide based on dispersive nano solid material-ultrasound assisted microextraction (DNSUAME) from environmental water samples prior to HPLC-UV. The optimum effective variables on the extraction yields were investigated by central composite design.Findings: The optimized DNSUAME combined with HPLC-UV allowed quantification of trace levels of diazinon in the water samples. The advantages of the proposed method based on the new nanomaterial include simple, and inexpensive synthesis method; rapid and convenient extraction operation, feasibility for large-volume samples, high sensitivity, and precision and accuracy in preconcentration and determination of diazinon. Discussion and Conclusion: At optimum conditions values of variables set as 15.5 mg of NiZnS-AC, 5.5 min vortex and 5.5 min sonication time. At optimum conditions method has linear response over 0.001-10 µgmL-1 with detection limit 0.0005 µgmL-1 with relative standard deviations (RSDs) less than 6 % (n=6). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Evaluation of energy efficiency in production process of biodiesel to conventional, ultrasonic and microwave methods
golmohammad khoobbakht Mahmoud KarimiBackground and Objective: Energy balance is a suitable tool for assessing the effects of production on environment with considering the amount of fossil fuels used and the amount of energy output. In the present study, input-output energy ratio and energy efficiency of MoreBackground and Objective: Energy balance is a suitable tool for assessing the effects of production on environment with considering the amount of fossil fuels used and the amount of energy output. In the present study, input-output energy ratio and energy efficiency of biodiesel production from waste cooking oil in three ways: conventional, using ultrasound irradiation and using microwave was investigated.Material and Methodology: In this study the energy inputs such as waste cooking oil, methanol, catalyst, electricity and energy for biodiesel production and output of energy, including biodiesel, glycerin, excess alcohol, water, soap, monoglycerides and diglyceride to estimate energy efficiency were calculated.Findings: The consumed energy for the methods of conventional, using ultrasound irradiation and using microwave were found 33.73, 35.75 and 34.39 MJ/L, respectively. The energy efficiency of biodiesel production in conventional, using ultrasound irradiation and using microwave were calculated 0.87, 0.80 and 0.77 respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: Among the mentioned methods of biodiesel production in the present study, using ultrasound irradiation in the process of biodiesel production was found as the best method in terms of input-output energy ratio and energy efficiency. The using ultrasound irradiation with the renewability index of 75% was also found as the most renewable process among the studied methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) image processing for virtual tissue extraction
Reza Moasherati Hasan TashakoriObjective: Cardiovascular diseases have increased significantly in recent decades. One of the heart failures is coronary artery occlusion disease, which is caused by the accumulation of plaques in the coronary artery wall. The main goal of this research is to detect the MoreObjective: Cardiovascular diseases have increased significantly in recent decades. One of the heart failures is coronary artery occlusion disease, which is caused by the accumulation of plaques in the coronary artery wall. The main goal of this research is to detect the location of plaques and improve the shadow areas behind calcium plaques using automatic image processing methods.Materials and Methods: In this research, an automatic algorithm was designed and implemented to detect calcium plaques and the shadowed area in intravascular ultrasound images. In this algorithm, the Atsu thresholding method and the active contour method are used to select the detection threshold and reveal the shadow border, respectively. Also, the quality of shaded areas has been improved with histogram adjustment and histogram matching methods. For this purpose, the images of 26 patients with coronary artery occlusion from two selected hospitals of Ardabil city were selected with the cooperation of the doctor.Findings: Using the algorithm implemented for two cases, the presence or absence of plaques in the images and the correctness or incorrectness of all plaques in the images were checked and compared with the results of the doctor's diagnosis.Conclusion: The results of the method used in this research compared to other researches, due to working on a large number of real images of patients and validating the results with the opinion of a cardiologist, caused a more accurate diagnosis of calcium plaques. Also, the results of improving the quality of the images showed that improving the quality of shadows does not give valuable information regarding the determination of the outer border of the vessel and the location of the calcium plaques due to their placement outside the area of the placement of the plaques. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - The effect of extraction conditions using ultrasonic and maceration methods on the extraction rate of phenolic compounds and the extraction efficiency of jujube fruit (Ziziphus spp.)
Zahra Khoshdouni Farahani Mohammad Ali h MousaviBackground: Plants are among the most important sources of phenolic compounds, which also include natural antioxidants. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two methods of extraction by ultrasonic bath and maceration on the extraction of phenolic compo MoreBackground: Plants are among the most important sources of phenolic compounds, which also include natural antioxidants. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two methods of extraction by ultrasonic bath and maceration on the extraction of phenolic compounds from jujube fruit using water and 80% ethanol solvents. Methods: In the ultrasonic bath method, water and 80% ethanol solvents were used in three time levels of 15, 30 and 60 minutes and two temperature levels of 50 and 70 °C. In the maceration method, water and 80% ethanol solvents and their combinations were used and the content of phenolic compounds using the Folin-Ciocalteu method and the extraction efficiency of the extracts were determined. Results: Based on the results of ultrasonic bath extraction method, 80% ethanol solvent, 60 minutes and 50 °C extracted the highest content of phenolic compounds (86.33 mg GAE/100 g of dry sample) from the fruit and the extraction efficiency of its extract was 95.66%. In the maceration extraction method, 80% ethanol solvent extracted the highest content of phenolic compounds (61.40 mg GAE/100 g of dry sample) and the extraction efficiency of the extract was 77%. Conclusion: According to the results of both methods, the content of extraction of bioactive compounds based on the type of solvent, temperature and time were significantly different and 80% ethanol solvent was the best solvent for the extraction of compounds. Ultrasonic extraction had a significant effect on the extraction of phenolic compounds of jujube fruit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Theoretical and Numerical Study of ultrasonic guided waves reflection from corrosion defect in the pipe
Pezhman Taghipour BirganiIn this article, reflection coefficient of ultrasonic guided waves from surface of a circumferential corrosion is evaluated to find the relation between this coefficient and the size of defect. In the present work, firstly, by solving the governing equations of the wave MoreIn this article, reflection coefficient of ultrasonic guided waves from surface of a circumferential corrosion is evaluated to find the relation between this coefficient and the size of defect. In the present work, firstly, by solving the governing equations of the wave propagation with general matrix method and according to the boundary conditions in the pipe, dispersion curves of the phase velocity and group velocity were obtained, then simulation of wave propagation was performed using Abaqus finite element software. In this method, a longitudinal L(0,2) mode, which has good frequency characteristics, was used to generate the wave in the pipe. After determining the convergence, the wave propagation was carried out in the pipe with different dimension of defect. It was observed that part of the generated wave after collision to defect was reflected and various modes were generated that the first reflected mode was L(0,2) and the second reflected mode according to the group velocity dispersion curves of different modes was F(1,2). Different reflection coefficients were obtained due to different dimension of defects, and it was observed that with increasing defect depth, the reflection coefficient of the reflected wave also increased. In this article, the effect of circumferential corrosion width on the reflection coefficient of longitudinal wave has been investigated and it has been observed that the reflection coefficient of waves depends only on the depth of the defect and does not change much with the change of circumferential corrosion width. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Application of ultrasonic method in extracting plant extracts
Fatemeh kavian Mohammad Masjedi Natural extracts from plants are one of the most important primary sources for the preparation of preservatives, flavorings, cosmetics, perfumery, dyes, and medicines. Extracting effective substances and natural extracts from different plants is a very important t More Natural extracts from plants are one of the most important primary sources for the preparation of preservatives, flavorings, cosmetics, perfumery, dyes, and medicines. Extracting effective substances and natural extracts from different plants is a very important thing that researchers in different fields pay special attention to. Considering the need of societies to extract effective plant compounds, it has led to wider researches in the field of introducing extraction processes. There are various extraction methods to extract active plant compounds. Traditional methods of obtaining natural compounds of plants, such as water distillation or steam extraction and extraction with organic solvent, have disadvantages such as loss of volatile compounds, low efficiency, long extraction time, destruction of unsaturated compounds and the remaining toxic solvent. In order to improve the efficiency of extracting effective substances from medicinal plants, new methods have been invented. One of these methods is the use of ultrasound waves. The purpose of this study is to know more about the new method of extraction with the help of ultrasound waves, along with its advantages and disadvantages compared to other methods. According to the results of this study, ultrasonic extraction method is a new, fast, efficient and cost-effective method for extracting effective compounds from plant texture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Design and Modeling of Ultrasonic Phased Array Testing and Ultrasonic waves propagation Simulation in Metal Plate by Finite Element Software (ABAQUS)
shahram yareieeUltrasonic Phased Arrays are an emerging technology in nondestructive testing and evaluation. The type of linear phased array probe is a prevailing type in which elements are placed side by side and longitudinally. In this paper ultrasonic phased array testing (UPAT) is MoreUltrasonic Phased Arrays are an emerging technology in nondestructive testing and evaluation. The type of linear phased array probe is a prevailing type in which elements are placed side by side and longitudinally. In this paper ultrasonic phased array testing (UPAT) is introduce and in order to modeling and design UPAT consideration of wave equation solution by Finite Element is proposed. ABAQUS 6.14 is used as finite element software. Wave propagation in two form is simulated, straight and inclined. Direct and sectorial scanning is based on these forms of waves propagation. Time delay is the most important issue that should be considered in UPAT modeling. Results of simulation is verified by comparing previous research in UT field. Finally, results in additional to proposed the obvious view of UPAT, it's so useful for properly design probes and defect detection UPAT devices. Using finite element methods in this field is cost and time effective. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - The Effect of Thermal Sonication of Bioactive Compounds and some of the Quality Parameters of Sour Cherry Juice Compared to the usual Pasteurization Method
L. Hoshyar J. Hesari Sodeif Azadmard-Damirchi M. ŞengülThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of thermal sonication in comparison with the usual pasteurization method on the bioactive compounds and their contents in sour cherry juice.The treatments were: controlled sample, pasteurized sample (90 °C, 30 s MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of thermal sonication in comparison with the usual pasteurization method on the bioactive compounds and their contents in sour cherry juice.The treatments were: controlled sample, pasteurized sample (90 °C, 30 sec), heated sample at 60 °C for 4,8,12 min, ultrasound sample without heating for same times with amplitudes of 24.4, 42.7, 61µm (50, 75, 100%), ultrasound sample with heating (60 °C) for same times and amplitudes. Pasteurization treatment caused a significant decrease of 31.7% in vitamin C content, 22.9% of phenolic content, 19.4% in the antioxidant content, 6.2% in anthocyanin content of the sour cherry juice. At maximum thermal ultrasound intensity and time of 12 minutes, 20.8% of vitamin C content was decreased. With increasing temperature, intensity and time of ultrasound, phenol content decreased. High intensities of ultrasound caused a significant decrease in anthocyanin content, in a way that in the intensity of 61 µm, 4 min and 60 °C, the anthocyanin content was reduced by 6.6%, respectively. In general, the results of this study indicate that increasing the intensity of ultrasound, temperature and treatment time reduced the positive effect of these treatments on qualitative properties and even reduced the bioactive compounds, that with regard to the combined results, 42.7 µm (75%) amplitude at 60 °C can be the most effective treatment in maintaining the qualitative characteristics of sour cherry juice compared to the pasteurization method Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Comparison of the effect of ultrasonic and thermal pasteurization on total phenol content and microbial load of sour cherry juice
F. Noorisefa L. Nateghi H. ZareiNon-thermal methods can be used to reduce the adverse effects of conventional thermal pasteurization on food. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ultrasound method regarding the effect of the three variables of ultrasound power (10, 105, and 200 watts), ult MoreNon-thermal methods can be used to reduce the adverse effects of conventional thermal pasteurization on food. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ultrasound method regarding the effect of the three variables of ultrasound power (10, 105, and 200 watts), ultrasound temperature (0, 30, and 60 °C), and ultrasound duration (2, 6 and 10 min) on microbial load as well as total phenol content of sour cherry juice. According to the results, the most effective treatment in preserving the quality characteristics and the highest phenol content of all sour cherry juice samples was the pasteurized treatment by ultrasonic method with 10-watt power, 0 °C, and 6 min. It was assumed that by increasing the ultrasound power from 10 to 200 watts, the ultrasound temperature from 0 to 60 °C, and the ultrasound duration from 2 to 10 min, the total microbial count and the populations of coliforms, and mold and yeast decreased significantly (p <0.05) in the pasteurized cherry juice. Ultrasound pasteurization of cherry juice at the power of 109 watts, 60 °C and 9.5 min had the best results in terms of preserving phenolic compounds and reducing microbial load. The results revealed no significant difference between the microbial load of pasteurized cherry juice with the two methods. In terms of bioactive compounds and quality properties, the optimal ultrasonic treatment was more favorable than the pasteurized sample at 90 °C for 30 seconds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Effect of ultrasound waves pretreatment on quantity and antioxidant capacity of extracted beta-carotene from carrot residue
رویا Seyedifar نارملا Asefi یحیی MaghsoudlouNowadays, the tendency towards the extraction of phytochemicals by ultrasound method has been increased. In this research, the effect of ultrasound waves pretreatment on extraction of beta-carotene from carrot residue was studied. Carrot residues were treated with ultra MoreNowadays, the tendency towards the extraction of phytochemicals by ultrasound method has been increased. In this research, the effect of ultrasound waves pretreatment on extraction of beta-carotene from carrot residue was studied. Carrot residues were treated with ultrasound waves with 205 W power, constant 35 KHz frequency during six stages of 0 (without ultrasound), 16, 20, 30, 40 and 44 min and at temperatures of 66, 70, 80, 90 and 94 ºC and using ethyl acetate as solvents. Then, the extract from each sample was evaluated considering the amount of total phenolic components as well as beta-carotene and antioxidant capacity of beta-carotene. According to the results, it was observed that, there was a significant difference (P<0.01) between samples in the case of beta-carotene amount with increasing of temperature and time. In order to achieve the highest extraction of carotene from carrot residues, the temperature of 90 ˚C and 40 minutes was determined as the best temperature and time. The results also revealed that at low temperatures the antioxidant capacity was higher. With increasing time of ultrasonic at low temperatures, the antioxidant capacity was enhanced. Moreover, the temperature of 70 ˚C and 40 min was determined as the optimum condition to achieve the highest antioxidant capacity of carrot residues. The result showed that the total phenolic compounds are greater at low temperature compared with high temperature. Besides, at all selected temperatures, with the increasing of ultrasonic duration the amount of total phenolics increased. Most phenols obtained at 66˚C for 40 min of ultrasonic treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - The effect of sonication on bioactive compounds in carrot juice
علی Ayaseh محمد Alizadeh عباس Mehrdad محسن Esmaiili یوسف JavadzadehThe objective of this research was to determine the effect of ultrasound treatment on bioactive compounds (including total phenolic, total flavonoids, total carotenoids, ascorbic acid) of carrot juice in comparison with conventional thermal process. Carrot juice samples MoreThe objective of this research was to determine the effect of ultrasound treatment on bioactive compounds (including total phenolic, total flavonoids, total carotenoids, ascorbic acid) of carrot juice in comparison with conventional thermal process. Carrot juice samples were sonicated according to D-optimal response surface design with processing variables of temperature (25, 37.5 and 50°C), time (10, 20 and 30 min) and power (350 and 400 w) at a constant frequency of 24 kHz. Results showed that ultrasound temperature (P<0.01), time (P<0.01) and power (P<0.05) significantly decreased the ascorbic acid content of carrot juice samples. Ascorbic acid contents in heat-treated and sonicated samples reveled that sonication process had more protective effect of ascorbic acid. Ultrasound temperature significantly (P<0.05) increased the total carotenoid contents of the sonicated samples. On the other hand, ultrasound duration significantly (P<0.01) decreased the total phenolic contents of the sonicated samples; nevertheless, no significant difference was observed between sonicated and heat-treated as well as control groups. Total flavonoids content of the sonicated samples was significantly (P<0.01) decreased in comparison with the heat-treated and control samples. It was concluded that ultrasound treatment as a non-thermal preservation technique, leads to better retention of bioactive compounds (especially ascorbic acid, total carotenoids and total phenolic contents) compared to thermal process. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - ارزیابی ویژگیهای جوانهزنی، رشد و رنگیزههای فتوسنتزی کلزا (Brassica napus L.) تحت اثر تیمارهای مختلف امواج فراصوت
زهرا حسنی خدیجه احمدی حشمت امیدی -
Open Access Article
24 - ارزیابی روش های مختلف شکستن خواب بذر در علف هرز قدومه (Alyssum homalocarpum)
معصومه اسدی گاکیه علی بابائی قاقلستانی مهوش قزوینه -
Open Access Article
25 - The optimization and comparison of different extraction approaches (ultrasound and maceration) on chemical composition of Elaeagnus angustifolial L. extract
Maryam Sardarodiyan Masomeh Mehraban ُSang Atash Akram ArianfarElaeagnus angustifolia L. is regarded as one of the most important medicinal and nutritious plants since it contains flavonoid, sitosterols, cardiac glycosides and terpenoids compounds. The purpose of this study was to investigating the effects of extraction conditions MoreElaeagnus angustifolia L. is regarded as one of the most important medicinal and nutritious plants since it contains flavonoid, sitosterols, cardiac glycosides and terpenoids compounds. The purpose of this study was to investigating the effects of extraction conditions on phenol and flavonoid content from methanolic extracts ofElaeagnus angustifolia (peel, pulp and seed) through ultrasound and maceration methods. The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the extraction conditions for highest extraction rates of phenolic and flavonoid compounds. Box Behnken design was employed to investigate the effects of the three independent variables including solvent to sample ratio (20-50 ml/g), temperature (30-60°C) and extraction time (5-35 min) on the dependent variables (extraction yield, phenolic and flavonoid contents). The total phenolic content was measured using the Folin-Ciocalteu’s reagent. The total flavonoid content was assessed by the colorimetric method based on Aluminum Chloride which underwent some changes. The variance coefficients indicated that the effect of ultrasound temperature on the extraction yield was more influential than the other ones (p<0.05). The optimum extraction condition was solvent to sample ratio (31.79 ml/g), temperature (52.87°C( and extraction time (25.44 min(. The optimum conditions, extraction yield, phenolic and flavonoid contents were 21.58 mg/g, 106.31 (mgGAEg-1) and 32.98 (mgQUEg-1), respectively. Considering the comparison between the two extraction methods, it was shown that extraction efficiency of phenolic and flavonoid compounds through ultrasound method is more than maceration method. Thus, the use of ultrasound-assisted extraction is recommended to extract phenolic compounds from the fruits of Elaeagnus angustifolia. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Evaluation of phytochemical and antioxidant properties of Matricaria chamomilla L. essential oil with ultrasound and water distillation
Hassan Rezadoost Samad Nejad Ebrahimi Seyed Reza Rasouli RasouliSecondary metabolites in chamomile flower essential oil are widely used in pharmaceutical, cosmetic and health industries due to their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-bacterial effects. In this study, for comparative evaluation of phytochemical and antioxidant p MoreSecondary metabolites in chamomile flower essential oil are widely used in pharmaceutical, cosmetic and health industries due to their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-bacterial effects. In this study, for comparative evaluation of phytochemical and antioxidant properties of Matricaria chamomilla L. flower essential oil, plant flowers were harvested from the research farm of Shahid Beheshti University of Tehran and after matching the plant with herbarium samples in the herbarium section of the institute were completely dried. Essential oil extraction was performed by two different methods of distillation with water and ultrasonic method.. The most important effective compounds of essential oils were evaluated using GC and GC / MC devices. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was also evaluated using the DPPH method. The results showed that by simultaneously application of ultrasound (0.1%) and water distillation methods (0.05%), the essential oil of this plant was obtained with higher efficiency. In the water distillation method, the most important secondary components of the essential oil including: alpha-bisabolone 66.08% and camazoline 6.46% were obtained, while in the method coupled with ultrasound, the amount of alpha-bisabolone the amount of alpha-bisaboline increased up to twice and camazoline up to 17.23%. In both methods, the main compounds: camazoline and bisabolol were optimally identified and determined using the proposed method as an efficient application method to separate the most important secondary pharmaceutical compounds of essential oil from chamomile samples. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Investigation of Triterpenic Acid Diversity in jujube Ziziphus jujuba mill. from Various Habitats in Iran
zhaleh khoshsima Amir Abdolah Mehrdad Sharif Ahmad AkramiTriterpenic acids, specifically Betulinic, Oleanolic, and Ursolic acids, are essential bioactive compounds found in jujube Ziziphus jujuba mill. fruit, possessing therapeutic properties for various diseases, including cancer. However, the amount of these triterpenic aci MoreTriterpenic acids, specifically Betulinic, Oleanolic, and Ursolic acids, are essential bioactive compounds found in jujube Ziziphus jujuba mill. fruit, possessing therapeutic properties for various diseases, including cancer. However, the amount of these triterpenic acids can vary depending on geographical and cultivation conditions. For this purpose, jujubes grown in orchards of 29 different habitats from east, northeast, south, center, and west in different provinces of Iran were sampled at the end of the summer season. The triterpenic acids present in the dried jujube powder were extracted using 96% ethanol as a solvent, with a liquid-to-solid ratio of 15 mL/g, under ultrasonic waves at a temperature of 40 ℃ for 35 minutes. The extracted acids were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a UV detector. The obtained data were subjected to subsequent nested analysis and the Tukey test. The results revealed that only the average amount of betulinic acid significantly varied among the ecotypes. Furthermore, a hierarchical cluster analysis based on the diversity of these three triterpenic acids divided the studied ecotypes into four clusters. Cluster 1, representing Iran's eastern and northeastern regions, exhibited the highest amount of these triterpenic acids. However, analysis of variance between the clusters showed no significant difference among them. The results of the statistics show that the Climatic conditions, soil quality,seed and agricultural methods can be effective in changing or not changing the amount of triterpenic acids in jujube. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - ارزیابی ویژگیهای جوانهزنی، رشد و رنگیزههای فتوسنتزی کلزا (Brassica napus L.) تحت اثر تیمارهای مختلف امواج فراصوت
زهرا حسنی خدیجه احمدی حشمت امیدی -
Open Access Article
29 - ارزیابی روش های مختلف شکستن خواب بذر در علف هرز قدومه (Alyssum homalocarpum)
معصومه اسدی گاکیه علی بابائی قاقلستانی مهوش قزوینه -
Open Access Article
30 - ارزیابی تاثیر پیش تیمار فراصوت بر سینتیک انتقال جرم و خصوصیات فیزیکوشیمیایی و حسی فیله گوشت بوقلمون سرخ شده به روش عمیق
نجمه سرباز محسن وظیفه دوست مجید علی آبادی -
Open Access Article
31 - بررسی تاثیر انواع روش های فرآوری بر میزان نیتریت و نیترات موجود در سیب زمینی
لیلا روفه گری نژاد آرزو علی اصل خیابانی سپیدار سیدی منصور -
Open Access Article
32 - شرایط بهینه استخراج الکلی ترکیبات آنتی اکسیدانی و ضد میکروبی برگ و ریشه گیاه کبر به روش فراصوت
عبدالواحد صفرزائی حمید سرحدی علیرضا داشی پور -
Open Access Article
33 - Effect of Ultrasound-assisted Extraction Method on the Contents of Phenolic Compounds and Anti-oxidant Properties of Damask Rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) Extract
Nasim Pourebrahim Amir Hossein Elhamirad Soodabeh Einafshar Mohammad Armin -
Open Access Article
34 - خواصآنتیاکسیدانی و ضد میکروبی عصارههای ان-بوتانولی و اتیل استاتی پوست پیاز قرمز با استفاده از روشهای خیساندن و فراصوت
Samaneh Khalili Mohammad Reza Saeidi Asl Maryam Khavarpour seyyed Mohammad Vahdat Maedeh Mohammadi -
Open Access Article
35 - بررسی تأثیر صمغگیری با حمام فراصوت بر ویژگیهای فیزیکوشیمیایی و پروفایل اسید چرب روغن کانولا
رضا اسماعیل زاده کناری راضیه رضوی کبری مرادعلی نیا -
Open Access Article
36 - خصوصیات رئولوژیک ژل نانوامولسیونی روغن آفتابگردان تهیه شده به وسیله همگن-ساز فراصوت
محمد نجاتیان سلیمان عباسی -
Open Access Article
37 - بهینه یابی فرایند تولید پودر عصاره هل تولیدی با امواج فراصوت به روش سطح پاسخ
علی محمدی ثانی مریم ملکی خوشنود احمد اسماعیل زاده -
Open Access Article
38 - ارزیابی استخراج ترکیبات فنلی و آنتی اکسیدانی عصاره شقاقل تحت پیش تیمار فراصوت و حلال های ترکیبی
زهرا گرایلی اکرم شریفی هما بقایی -
Open Access Article
39 - بررسی اثر افزودن صمغ های دانه ریحان و زانتان و تیمار فراصوت بر میزان جذب روغن و خواص کیفی ناگت مرغ
سید علی مرتضوی سپیده یوسف زاده ثانی -
Open Access Article
40 - بهینه سازی شرایط استخراج ترکیبات فنلی فلفل قرمز با استفاده از امواج فراصوت به روش سطح پاسخ
راحله دهقان تنها الهام مهدیان محمدحسین امینی فرد حسن بیات رضا گاراژیان -
Open Access Article
41 - تاثیر فراصوت و آنزیم بری بر خصوصیات فیزیکی وشیمیایی کدوی سرخ شده با روش سطح پاسخ
ایسان علی پور نارملا آصفی -
Open Access Article
42 - تاثیرآنزیم بری به همراه امواج فراصوت و آنزیم آسپارژیناز برکاهش میزان آکریل آمید سیب زمینی سرخ شده
نادیا حسنی بایگی پروین شرایعی حسین جلالی -
Open Access Article
43 - تاثیرامواج فراصوت بر شمارش میکروبی و خواص فیزیکوشیمیایی آب آلبالو
لیلا هوشیار جواد حصاری صدیف آزاد مرد دمیرچی ممنونه شنگل -
Open Access Article
44 - بهینهسازی استخراج ترکیبات زیست فعال از سیر (Allium sativum L.) به کمک امواج فراصوت و بررسی فعالیت ضد اکسایشی آن
ماندانا بی مکر علی گنجلو -
Open Access Article
45 - ارزیابی تأثیر متغیر های فراصوت بر استخراج ترکیبات فنولی موجود در پوست سبز بادام (Prunus amygdalus)
ویکتوریا مسعودی اعظم اعرابیمقدمه و هدف: استخراج ترکیبات فنولی از باقی مانده محصولات کشاورزی برای توسعه محصولات با ارزش افزوده مهم است. بادام(Prunusamygdalus)یکی از محصولات کشاورزی بومی کشور است که به مقدار زیاد در کشور پرورش داده میشود. در این مطالعه از پوست سبز بادام به­ عنوان یک محصول Moreمقدمه و هدف: استخراج ترکیبات فنولی از باقی مانده محصولات کشاورزی برای توسعه محصولات با ارزش افزوده مهم است. بادام(Prunusamygdalus)یکی از محصولات کشاورزی بومی کشور است که به مقدار زیاد در کشور پرورش داده میشود. در این مطالعه از پوست سبز بادام به­ عنوان یک محصول جانبی که امروزه صرفاً برای تغذیه دام استفاده میشود جهت بررسی استخراج ترکیبات فنولیک و خاصیت آنتی­اکسیدانی آنها استفاده شده است. روش تحقیق: در این تحقیق استخراج ترکیبات فنولی با استفاده از امواج فراصوت به روش سطح پاسخ و با کمک نرم­ افزار مینی تب مورد بررسی قرار گرفته و اثر چهار پارامتر دما، زمان تیمار با فراصوت، فرکانس امواج فراصوت و غلظت اتانول هر کدام در پنج سطح بر میزان استخراج ترکیبات فنولی مورد بررسی و بهینهسازی قرار گرفت. در نهایت تاثیر نسبت حلال به ماده جامد بر میزان استخراج این ترکیبات بررسی شده م با روش متداول سوکسله مورد مقایسه قرار گرفت. نتایج و بحث: نتایج آزمون­ها بر اساس طراحی انجام شده نشان داد که مقدار بهینه استخراج در شرایطی که اتانول 86 %، دما 50 درجه سانتیگراد، زمان 75 دقیقه و فرکانس 163هرتز باشد بهدست میآید. همچنین تأثیر نسبت حلال به ماده جامد (پوست بادام ) در نسبت­های (w/w 1:10، 1:20، 1:30، 1:40) طبق شرایط بهینه به­ دست آمده در مرحله قبل با امواج فراصوت ارزیابی گردید و ظرفیت آنتی­اکسیدانی عصاره­ های استخراج شده در این شرایط با روش مهار رادیکال آزادDPPHاندازه­گیری گردید. نتایج نشان داد بیشترین مقدار ترکیبات فنولیک و ظرفیت آنتی اکسیدانی در نسبت 40:1 حلال به ماده جامد به ترتیب برابر 19/1134 میلی­گرم بر گرم ماده خشک و 42/87 درصد به دست آمد. نتایج این نسبت از حلال و ماده جامد با نتایج به­دست آمده از استخراج ترکیبات فنولیک با روش سوکسله و در حضور اتانول خالص تفاوت معناداری را در ترکیبات فنولیک و ظرفیت آنتیاکسیدانی آن نشان داد. توصیههای کاربردی/ صنعتی:. کاربرد تکنیکهای جدید از جمله امواج فراصوت در استخراج ترکیبات فنولی از منابع گیاهی میتواند راهکار موثری نه تنها برای افزایش میزان استخراج این ترکیبات باشد بلکه به دلیل زمان کوتاهتر، آسیب کمتری نیز به این ترکیبات وارد میشود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - پیشرفت های اخیر در زمینه روش های استخراج ترکیب های گیاهی
بهزاد ذوالفقاری افسانه یکدانهمقدمه و هدف: فن­آوری­های جدید و مختلفی شامل عصاره گیری همراه با امواج فراصوت، عصاره­گیری همراه با امواج مایکروویو و عصاره گیری همراه با مایع فوق بحرانی به منظور استخراج ترکیبات از گیاهان گسترش یافته­اند. این فن­آوری­ها به منظور کاهش دادن مدت زمان Moreمقدمه و هدف: فن­آوری­های جدید و مختلفی شامل عصاره گیری همراه با امواج فراصوت، عصاره­گیری همراه با امواج مایکروویو و عصاره گیری همراه با مایع فوق بحرانی به منظور استخراج ترکیبات از گیاهان گسترش یافته­اند. این فن­آوری­ها به منظور کاهش دادن مدت زمان عصاره گیری، کاهش میزان حلال مصرفی، افزایش بازده استخراج و تقویت کیفیت عصاره حاصله گسترش یافته اند. در این مقاله به معرفی و مقایسه روش سوکسله و روش­های جایگزین و نوین مورد استفاده در داروسازی پرداخته شده است. برای به­دست آوردن بهترین و موثرترین عصاره، توجه به مواردی از جمله خصوصیات ماده گیاهی، انتخاب حلال مناسب و دقت در مراحل عصاره­گیری ضروری بوده و باید در نظر داشت که بازده بالا در عصاره حاصله به معنای بازده بالای ترکیب مورد نظر در عصاره نمی­باشد.توصیه کاربردی: در روش عصاره­گیری با استفاده از امواج فراصوت نفوذ حلال به بافت گیاهی به خوبی صورت می­گیرد و در مقایسه با سایر روش­ها این روش از کارآیی و سرعت بالاتری برخوردار است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - استخراج روغن کنجد با کمک امواج فراصوت
حسن غزالی وردنجانی سمیه تقیان مهدی عمو حیدریمقدمه و هدف: کنجد یکی از قدیمیترین گیاهان کشت شده در جهان و یکی از قدیمیترین محصولات روغنی مورد استفاده بشر است. روغن کنجد به عنوان یک روغن صنعتی،خوراکی و دارویی دارای اهمیت ویژهای است. امروزه استفاده از امواج فراصوت با توجه به اثرات مؤثر آن در نگهداری و فرآیند مواد Moreمقدمه و هدف: کنجد یکی از قدیمیترین گیاهان کشت شده در جهان و یکی از قدیمیترین محصولات روغنی مورد استفاده بشر است. روغن کنجد به عنوان یک روغن صنعتی،خوراکی و دارویی دارای اهمیت ویژهای است. امروزه استفاده از امواج فراصوت با توجه به اثرات مؤثر آن در نگهداری و فرآیند مواد غذایی گسترش قابل توجهای یافته است. روش تحقیق: در این تحقیق از مدل آماری سطح پاسخ به منظور بررسی اثرات دو متغیر نسبت دانه به حلال و زمان استخراج باامواج فراصوت بر متغیرهای وابسته شامل راندمان استخراج، عدد پراکسید، عدد 2-تیوباربیتوریک اسید، فاکتورهای رنگ سنجی و نوع و میزان اسیدهای چرب موجود در روغن استحصالی استفاده شد. نتایج و بحث: نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد افزایش نسبت حلال به دانه و زمان استخراج با امواج فراصوت دارای اثر آماری معنیداری (01/0 P ≤)بر افزایش راندمان استخراج بودند. شرایط عملیاتی بهینه برای فرآیند استخراج جهت حصول بیشینه راندمان شامل زمان استخراج 55 دقیقه و نسبت دانه به حلال 25/0 تعیین شد. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: نتایج این مقاله نشان داد که فرایند استخراج اولتراسونیک نسبت به زمان مشابه استخراج با روش سوکسله، بازده بیشتری حاصل نمود. همچنین نتایج حاکی از آن بود که امواج فراصوت تأثیر نامطلوبی روی رنگ روغن استخراج شده نداشت و در شرایطی حتی باعث بهبود رنگ روغن استحصالی نیز شد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - تأثیر امواج فراصوت بر کارون در کالوس حاصل از کشت بافت زیره سیاه (Bunium persicum Boiss)
محمود اطرشی الهام توکلی دینانی محمد تقی درزی جواد هاشمی شیرین روزبه امیر معصومیمقدمه و هدف: گیاهان داروئی منابع اصلی و با ارزش سازنده داروهای مفید هستند. تولید و استخراج متابولیت­های ثانویه تأثیر شگرفی بر صنایع داروسازی داشته است. کارون یک ترکیب طبیعی است که در ساختار میوه و اندام هوایی زیره سیاه وجود دارد. با توجه به محدودیت تولید زراعی، کشت Moreمقدمه و هدف: گیاهان داروئی منابع اصلی و با ارزش سازنده داروهای مفید هستند. تولید و استخراج متابولیت­های ثانویه تأثیر شگرفی بر صنایع داروسازی داشته است. کارون یک ترکیب طبیعی است که در ساختار میوه و اندام هوایی زیره سیاه وجود دارد. با توجه به محدودیت تولید زراعی، کشت سلولی با اعمال محرک­های تولید، نظیر امواج فراصوت، از جمله روش­هایی است که می­تواند در جهت تولید متابولیت های ثانویه مؤثر و کارآمد باشد. لذا تحقیق حاضر با هدف مطالعه اثر امواج فراصوت بر تولید متابولیت ثانویه و مهم موجود در گیاه دارویی زیره سیاه (Bunium persicum) به نام کارون در کالوس حاصل از کشت بافت به مرحله اجرا درآمد. روش تحقیق: در این تحقیق کالوس در محیط سوسپانسیون تحت تأثیر تیمارهای یک­بار و دو بار صوت دهی با زمان­های 0، 5، 20، 35، 50 و 240 ثانیه توسط حمام فراصوت با فرکانس 5/38 کیلو هرتز و توان خروجی ثابت مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. پس از استخراج متابولیت ثانویه کارون، میزان کارون تولید شده با روش کروماتوگرافی مایع با کارآیی بالا (HPLC) اندازه گیری گردید. نتایج و بحث: اثر تحریک کنندگی امواج فراصوت، سنتز متابولیت­ ثانویه کارون را به میزان چشمگیری افزایش داد. چنان­چه مشاهده گردید ترکیب محیط هورمون دار با تیمار 2 بار صوت دهی و زمان 35 ثانیه صوت دهی بالاترین میزان تولید کارون را در نمونه­های مورد بررسی ایجاد نمود. تیمار شاهد (فاقد صوت دهی) نیز در همه موارد کمترین میزان کارون را داشت. توصیه کاربردی / صنعتی: امواج فراصوت می توانند به عنوان یک محرک غیر زنده، با تشدید پاسخ های دفاعی در گیاه، سنتز متابولیت کارون را در نمونه های کشت بافت افزایش دهند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - ارزیابی نانو و میکروکپسولهای سیلیمارین در شرایط شبیهسازی شده دستگاه گوارش برای رسانش هدفمند در حیوان
س. یوسفدوست ف. صمدی س.م. جعفری س.س. رمضانپور ف. گنجی س. حسنیهدف اصلی این مطالعه، مقایسه سرعت رهایش نانو و میکروکپسول­های حاوی عصاره خارمریم در شرایط شبیه­سازی شده معدی و روده­ای حیوان بود. عصاره با روش امولسیفیکاسیون/ ژله­ای شدن داخل آلژینات سدیم کپسوله گردید. اندازه ذره، توان زتا، شاخص پراکندگی، و مورفولوژی نانو Moreهدف اصلی این مطالعه، مقایسه سرعت رهایش نانو و میکروکپسول­های حاوی عصاره خارمریم در شرایط شبیه­سازی شده معدی و روده­ای حیوان بود. عصاره با روش امولسیفیکاسیون/ ژله­ای شدن داخل آلژینات سدیم کپسوله گردید. اندازه ذره، توان زتا، شاخص پراکندگی، و مورفولوژی نانوکپسول­ها به کمک تفرق نور پویا و میکروسکوپ الکترونی عبوری بررسی شدند. به علاوه، اثر فراصوت بر خواص نانوکپسول و پروفایل رهایش نانو و میکروکپسول­های حاوی عصاره خار مریم مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که فراصوت با کاهش اندازه کپسول­ها از 5/657 نانومتر به 1/169 نانومتر منجر به ایجاد ذرات یکنواخت با شاخص پراکندگی پایین گردید. راندمان کپسولاسیون نانوکپسول­ها 61 درصد محاسبه شد. نانو و میکروکپسول­های آلژینات با محافظت از پلی­فنول­ها در شرایط اسیدی معدی به ترتیب منجر به راهایش 10 و 12 درصد شدند. نانوکپسول­ها، در محیط شبیه­سازی شده روده محتویات خود را سریعتر و به میزان بیشتری آزاد کردند. در مجموع، نانوکپسول­های آلژینات حاوی عصاره خارمریم با راهایش بیش از 90 درصد در محیط شبیه­سازی شده روده، با موفقیت تهیه شدند که از این مورد می­توان در اهداف رسانش هدفمند برای مدل­های حیوانی استفاده کرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Nanostructures prepared from natural ilmenite mineral for rapid degradation of furazolidone in heterogeneous Fenton process
Hamideh Haghighat Mehrangiz Fathinia Siavash FathiniaIn this study, for the first time, ilmenen-hematon nanostructures were prepared from natural ilmenite mineral by the exfoliation process in the presence of ultrasound wave for rapid degradation of furazolidone contaminant. The aim of the present study was to increase th MoreIn this study, for the first time, ilmenen-hematon nanostructures were prepared from natural ilmenite mineral by the exfoliation process in the presence of ultrasound wave for rapid degradation of furazolidone contaminant. The aim of the present study was to increase the reduction efficiency of iron (II) in the heterogeneous Fenton process by preparing ilmenn-Hematon nanostructures from its natural mineral. The effect of organic solvents such as dimethylformamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidine, isopropyl, and toluene to produce relevant nanostructures during the exfoliation process in the presence of ultrasound waves and as well as the effect of the obtained nanocatalyst in the heterogeneous Fenton process to degrade the pharmaceutical pollutant furazolidone, were investigated. The obtained results showed that the exfoliation process in the liquid phase by ultrasound wave in the presence of dimethylformamide solvent was successful and the band gap is reduced from 3.57 eV in the natural mineral ilmenite to 2.2 eV in the prepared nanocatalyst from it. The ability to absorb light and the degradation efficiency of furazolidone drug under visible light increased and after 60 minutes reached to a maximum of 95.5%. Optimal values of effective parameters for furazolidone degradation were modeled by experimental design using the response surface method (RSM) and Design-Expert7 software. The physical and chemical characteristics of the prepared nanocatalyst were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), dot mapping, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), and Diffuse reflection spectroscopy (DRS) methods and the reproducibility of the prepared nanocatalyst was investigated during 6 cycles of the process. Also, the characteristics of the catalyst used in the reproducibility cycle were studied using XRD and FTIR techniques. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Investigating the kaolin activation methods in ultrasonic-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of zeolite A
Mahboobeh Ejtemaei Sepehr Sadighi Aligholi Niaei Mehdi Rashidzadeh Dariush SalariZeolites LTA is widely used as an adsorbent, ion exchanger, and catalyst in the chemical and petrochemical industries. In the present study, at first, the Na form of zeolite A was synthesized by hydrothermal method from kaolin, using calcination and alkali fused activat MoreZeolites LTA is widely used as an adsorbent, ion exchanger, and catalyst in the chemical and petrochemical industries. In the present study, at first, the Na form of zeolite A was synthesized by hydrothermal method from kaolin, using calcination and alkali fused activation methods. The samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, N2physisorption techniques. The obtained results showed that crystallization time is lower via the kaolin calcination route in comparison to the alkaline fusion. Moreover, the alkali activation method is more suitable compared to the calcination one and leads to the synthesis of zeolite with high purity. Sonochemical treatment reduced the crystallization and synthesis time. In addition, the water sorption capacity of the K and Na forms of zeolites prepared via the kaolin fusion were 14.35 and 24.36 wt. %, and for the samples prepared via fusion-extraction were 14.7 and 25.06 wt. %, respectively. These water sorption capacities are higher than the values reported for the samples prepared using metakaolin (equal to 12.24 and 18.27 wt %). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Optimization of operating conditions and the role of ultrasound waves in the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using apple tree leaf extract
Sarvin Mohammadi-Aghdam Omid AhmadiApple tree leaf extract is one of the effective materials in the synthesis of AgNPs, the results of FTIR spectroscopy showed the presence of several reducing agents. AgNPs were synthesized by mixing 2 ml of extract with 8 ml of AgNO3 solution based on the design of the MoreApple tree leaf extract is one of the effective materials in the synthesis of AgNPs, the results of FTIR spectroscopy showed the presence of several reducing agents. AgNPs were synthesized by mixing 2 ml of extract with 8 ml of AgNO3 solution based on the design of the experiment by surface response methodology in the heating temperature range of 30-70 °C and ultrasound time of 5-25 min. After the optimization, the results showed that the temperature of 52 °C and the duration of 15 min was the most suitable mode for the synthesis of AgNPs, in which the highest concentration was 27.10 ppm, the lowest average particle size was 66 nm, and the highest antioxidant property was 31.48. %. The results of UV-Vis spectroscopy and DLS analysis were confirmed at the optimum point with a slight difference, and the PDI and zeta potential were obtained as 0.397 and 21.2 mV, respectively. AgNPs showed good antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli with halo diameters of 56 and 48 mm, respectively. The antifungal property of nanoparticles was 72%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - بهینهسازی چندمتغیره میکرواستخراج امولسیونسازی به کمک فراصوت برای اندازهگیری تیمول در نمونههای غذایی و دارویی
حسن سرشتی یحیی ایزدمنش سهیلا صمدی -
Open Access Article
54 - Synthesis, characterization, and antibacterial activities investigation of zinc (II) oxide nanorods, bulk and nanoscale of coordination polymer as precursor
آرزو کمالی الهام رضوان نژاد زهره رشیدی رنجبرIn this work, a coordination polymer in bulk and nano-scale: ]Zn(3-bpdh)Cl2]n(1), with 3-bpdh=2,5-bis(3-pyridyl)-3,4-diaza-2,4 hexadiene ligand, has been synthesized and characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopies. The nanostructures of coordination polymer (1) were prep MoreIn this work, a coordination polymer in bulk and nano-scale: ]Zn(3-bpdh)Cl2]n(1), with 3-bpdh=2,5-bis(3-pyridyl)-3,4-diaza-2,4 hexadiene ligand, has been synthesized and characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopies. The nanostructures of coordination polymer (1) were prepared by using ultrasonic waves and sonochemistry method, and the size and morphology of the particles were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The nanostructures were used as precursors to prepare zinc (II) oxide nanorods by thermolysis. The ZnO nanorods were identified and their diameters were estimated by XRD and SEM, respectively. Also, the ligand, bulk and nanoscales of coordination polymer (1) and zinc (ІІ) oxide nanorods have been screened for antibacterial activities against Bacillus alvei bacteria caused by honey bee European foulbrood disease. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) has shown moderate antibacterial activities in comparison to some standard drugs Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - مطالعه ایجاد پیوندهای عرضی بهوسیله فراصوت در هیدروژلهای آکریلیک
رجبعلی ابراهیمی مهنوش ابراهیمی -
Open Access Article
56 - سنتز نانوپودر ZnO دوپه شده با Cu تهیه شده به روش ترکیبی همرسوبی و امواج فراصوت بهمنظور کارگیری در تهیه لاستیک
فرشته مطیعی روشنک لطفی -
Open Access Article
57 - Simultaneous study of the effects of nano-aluminum admixture and mixing process on the thermal behavior of the thermite mixture containing copper oxide
سید قربان حسینی زهرا جوانی علی شیخ پور منوچهر فتح الهی سعید توانگر روستاIn this work, the effects of the nano-aluminum additive and mixing process on the thermal behavior of Al/CuO systems were verified by thermal analysis and field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM( methods. The DSC analysis results showed that there was no exo MoreIn this work, the effects of the nano-aluminum additive and mixing process on the thermal behavior of Al/CuO systems were verified by thermal analysis and field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM( methods. The DSC analysis results showed that there was no exothermic reaction for μm-Al/nm-CuO thermite mixture. However, the ignition of [μm-Al95%+nm-Al5%]/nm-CuO, [μm-Al80%+nm-Al20%]/nm-CuO, [μm-Al50%+nm-Al50%]/nm-CuO and nm-Al/nm-CuO took place at 600.9, 604.0, 605.5 and 608.4°C, respectively. Analysis of thermal behavior of these mixtures showed that the insensitivity and energy of the thermites increased with increasing quantity of nm-Al in [μm-Al+nm-Al]/nm-CuO formulation. Moreover, ultrasonic mixing decreased ignition temperature and increased heat of reaction of these ternary mixtures. This improvement in thermal properties was related to break up the agglomerates and better mixing quality by ultrasonic waves. In the next step, the reaction kinetics of physically mixed and ultrasonicated nm-Al/nm-CuO were investigated. The results revealed that sonicated nm-Al/nm-CuO thermite had lower activation energies than physically-mixed nm-Al/nm-CuO mixture. In addition, the ignition of ultrasonicated and physically-mixed nm-Al/nm-CuO mixtures occurred in one and two main steps, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Preconcentration and measurement of fenitrothion in water and vegetable samples using ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction based on applying low-density organic solvent
Faezeh Khalilian Mohammad RezaeeInsecticides can remain in the food products after using, and spread in the environment, surface soil and underground water. The existence of insecticides remainder in the food products is one of the most important concerns for consumers. They have undesirable effects t MoreInsecticides can remain in the food products after using, and spread in the environment, surface soil and underground water. The existence of insecticides remainder in the food products is one of the most important concerns for consumers. They have undesirable effects to human health during a long time. In this research, simple and efficient ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction (USAEME) method was successfully developed based on applying low density organic solvents for the extraction and determination of fenitrothion insecticide in vegetable and water samples. Several factors influencing the extraction such as type and volume of extraction solvent, temperature, ionic strength and centrifugation time were investigated and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the calibration ranges was from 2.0 to 100 µg L-1 in water sample and was range from 0.02 to 20 mg kg-1 in plant. The applicability of the proposed method was successfully evaluated by the extraction and determination of fenitrothion from some natural vegetable and water samples. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - اندازهگیری افلوکساسین با روش میکرواستخراج امولسیونسازی به کمک امواج فراصوت بهوسیله دستگاه کروماتوگرافی مایع با کارایی بالا
ندا کلیایی پروین شهدوستی محمد آقامحمدی -
Open Access Article
60 - شرایط بهینه برای سنتزنانوذره های پلی آنیلین با استفاده ازپلیمریزه شدن اکسایشی تحت امواج فراصوت و گاز بی اثر
احسان نظرزاده زارع -
Open Access Article
61 - Preparation of nylon 6,6 – Ag nanocomposite and characterization of its morphological and antibacterial properties
مریم فربودی ندا ایارهIn this research, silver nanoparticles were deposited on nylon 6,6 fibers with different methods including chemical, ultrasonic, and using colloidal silver solution. Also, the non-fiber nanocomposite of nylon 6,6-silver was prepared by dissolution of nylon 6,6 in formic MoreIn this research, silver nanoparticles were deposited on nylon 6,6 fibers with different methods including chemical, ultrasonic, and using colloidal silver solution. Also, the non-fiber nanocomposite of nylon 6,6-silver was prepared by dissolution of nylon 6,6 in formic acid in the presence of silver nanoparticles and extracted by acetone antisolvent. The morphological properties, antibacterial properties, elemental analysis, and wash durability of prepared samples were examined. SEM images and EDS analysis confirmed the presence of silver nanoparticles on nylon 6,6 in prepared samples before and after washing. The antibacterial capability of the samples were determined before and after washing against gram positive bacteria (S.aureus) and gram negative bacteria (E.coli) using resazurin color change. The obtained results confirmed, the sample prepared by ultrasonic method has the most effective antibacterial property before and after washing. According to the results of morphological observation and elemental analysis, it is due to the high amount and uniform deposition of silver on the fiber surface. Also, according to the results, non-fiber nylon6,6-silver nanocomposite has the weakest antibacterial property and other samples have intermediate properties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - نانوهیبرید مس/آمینوِکلی/ گرافناکسید کاهشیافته: یک کاتالیست کارآمد برای N-آریلهکردن نوکلئوبازها و سایر ناجورحلقههای نیتروژندار تحت امواج فراصوت
سمیه بهروز محمد نوید سلطانیراد -
Open Access Article
63 - The effect of integrated weed control treatments on some growth and quality traits of cowpea (Vigna sinensis L.)
Abbas Nasiri Dehsorkhi Hassan Makarian Manochehr Gholipoor Hamid Abbasdokht Afifeh NeisiIn order to investigate the effect of integrated weed management on some growth and quality traits of cowpea, an experiment was conducted at the research field of Shahrood University of Technology as randomized complete blocks design with four replications in 2014. The MoreIn order to investigate the effect of integrated weed management on some growth and quality traits of cowpea, an experiment was conducted at the research field of Shahrood University of Technology as randomized complete blocks design with four replications in 2014. The experiment consisted of 12 treatments; weedy, weed free (all season), recommended herbicide dose (960 grams active ingredient per hectare), reduced herbicide dose (480 grams active ingredient per hectare), ultrasonic waves (24 kHz for 6 minutes) and hydro-priming separately in combination with the above mentioned treatments. The results showed that leaf area index and height of the first pod insertion increased in ultrasonic waves + weeding (all season) treatment by 51.6 and 60 percent in comparison to control (no weeding) treatment respectively. Ultrasonic waves + weeding and hydro-priming + weeding treatments increased the grain protein by 7.3 and 7.5 percent in comparison to control (no weeding) treatment respectively. The results indicated that application of hydro-priming and ultrasonic waves in combination with redused dose of trifluralin increased the leaf chlorophyll index and grain yield equal to recommended herbicide dose and weeding (all season) treatments. Also no significant difference was observed in density and above ground biomass of weeds between the application of hydro-priming + reduced herbicide dose and ultrasonic waves + reduced herbicide dose treatments with recommended herbicide dose treatment. Based on the results of this experiment, priming and sonication of seeds in combination with reduced dose of herbicide can increase growth and quality traits and also reduce herbicide consumption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - استفاده از روش غیرمخرب فراصوتی برای پیشبینی خواص مکانیکی فولاد AISI 4140
محمد حمیدنیا فرهنگ هنروردستیافتن به خواص مکانیکی فولادها پس از پروسههای مختلف ساخت و عملیات حرارتی، امری ضروری و مهم است. در صنایع گوناگون معمولاً بعد از نمونهسازیهای مشخص و استاندارد، به کمک روشهای مخرب این خواص را بهدست میآورند که این امر باعث اتلاف هزینه و زمان زیادی میشود. علاوه بر Moreدستیافتن به خواص مکانیکی فولادها پس از پروسههای مختلف ساخت و عملیات حرارتی، امری ضروری و مهم است. در صنایع گوناگون معمولاً بعد از نمونهسازیهای مشخص و استاندارد، به کمک روشهای مخرب این خواص را بهدست میآورند که این امر باعث اتلاف هزینه و زمان زیادی میشود. علاوه بر این، روشهای مخرب قادر به تشخیص تغییرات جزیی خواص مکانیکی در حین عملیات حرارتی نیستند. در این مقاله، برای بهدست آوردن خواص مکانیکی فولادAISI 4140 با دقت بالا از روش غیرمخرب فراصوتی استفاده شده است. برای این منظور، نمونههایی از این فولاد ساخته شده و با اعمال فرایندهای مختلف عملیات حرارتی، ساختارهایی با دانهبندی و سختیهای مختلف ایجاد شده است. برای پیشبینی خواص مکانیکی از جمله مدول الاستیسیته، مدول برشی، ضریب پواسون و مدول حجمی در این میکروساختارها، سرعت موج طولی و عرضی توسط آزمون فراصوتی اندازهگیری شده است. برای شناسایی عوامل خطا و تعیین دقت روش اندازهگیری مورد استفاده، تحلیل عدم قطعیت نیز صورت گرفته است. مقایسه نتایج به دست آمده از آزمایشها با دادههای موجود در مراجع مختلف نشان میدهد با روش غیرمخرب فراصوتی میتوان خواص مکانیکی نمونه های AISI 4140 را با دقت بسیار بالایی بهدست آورد. محاسبه خواص مکانیکی نمونههای مختلف فولادAISI 4140 میدهند که این خواص در سختترین ساختار بیشترین مقدار و با کاهش سختی، این خواص نیز کاهش مییابند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Investigating the catalytic effectiveness of mil 101 chromium nanocomposite on cobalt ferrite in removing methylene blue dye and COD from aqueous solutions
Tayebeh Tabatabaie Abbasali Mokhtari andani saeed Farhadi saeed Farhadi Bahman RamavandiIn this study, for preparing a novel magnetic nanocatalyst using for removing organic pollutants from waste water, magnetic MIL-101(Cr) on CoFe2O4 nanocomposite was synthesized via hydrothermal method. The nanocomposite were fully characterized via field emission scann MoreIn this study, for preparing a novel magnetic nanocatalyst using for removing organic pollutants from waste water, magnetic MIL-101(Cr) on CoFe2O4 nanocomposite was synthesized via hydrothermal method. The nanocomposite were fully characterized via field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-visible) and BET surface area analysis and all approved synthesizing such a nanocomposite. The sonocatalytic activity of the synthesized MIL-101(Cr)-based magnetic nanocomposite was explored for the degradation of Methylene blue (MB) under ultrasound irradiation in the presence of green and mild (environmental friendly) hydrogen peroxide as an advanced oxidation process and also, the most influencing factors on its sonocatalytic activity were tested. In sum, the optimized conditions for 86% degradation efficiency for initial dye concentration of 25 mg/L were the time of 140 min, 60 mmol/L hydrogen peroxide and 0.5 g nanocomposite. Also, COD reduction of natural medias in presence of nanocomposite was studied and %73.3 calculated for effluent of Wastewater treatment Plants. In cost-benefit calculations, the cost of this process scaling up for COD reduction of each cubic meter of dye effluent treatment plants in dye industries, considering the cost of nanocomposite preparation, cost of hydrogen peroxide preparation, consuming electricity, pH adjustment and also 4 time reusing of recycled nanocomposite from the effluent was approximately calculated 5-9 million Rials . Finally, the nanocomposite was magnetically separated and reused four consecutive runs of dye degradation without any observable change in its structure. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Evaluation of different methods of extraction and micropropagation of lemon grass on physicochemical properties of the extract
Sanaz Kamel Abdollah Alizadeh dariush khademi ShurmastiThis research was conducted to evaluate the extraction methods and also the encapsulation of lemon grass extract on the efficiency of extraction of effective components and some physical properties of the extract. Extraction was done by Soxhlet and ultrasonic methods. T MoreThis research was conducted to evaluate the extraction methods and also the encapsulation of lemon grass extract on the efficiency of extraction of effective components and some physical properties of the extract. Extraction was done by Soxhlet and ultrasonic methods. The extracts were encapsulated using solutions of wall materials including cyclodextrin and sodium caseinate. The extraction efficiency of the extract was measured and compared in two methods. The results showed that ultrasonic extraction significantly increased the extraction efficiency of citronellol, eugenol, linalool, and betacaryophyllin B compared to the Soxhlet method (p<0.05). Encapsulation of the extract with sodium caseinate compared to beta-cyclodextrin increases the production efficiency of microencapsulation (85.7 vs. 84%), increases moisture content (4.86 vs. 3.9%) and decreases mass density (250.21 vs. 547 kg/ M3) (p<0.05). The score of the sensory properties of lemon grass extract, including colour, smell and taste, was higher in the ultrasound method than in the Soxhlet method, and in sodium caseinate microcapsules, it was higher than beta-cyclodextrin. In general, ultrasonic extraction increased the efficiency of extracting effective substances and coating with sodium caseinate improved the physical and sensory properties of lemon grass extract. Therefore, it is recommended to extract lemon grass by ultrasonic method and cover the extracted extract with sodium caseinate to improve its use in food, cosmetic and medical industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Improvement of initial growth and medicinal indices of ribwort plantain (Plantago lanceolata) by physical seed primmimg
Bahram Mirshekari Reza SiyamiIn order to evaluation of effect of physical treatments on growth and effective ingredients of ribwort plantain (Plantago lanceolata) laboratory, green house and field experiments were performed in Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Iran during 2014 in three replic MoreIn order to evaluation of effect of physical treatments on growth and effective ingredients of ribwort plantain (Plantago lanceolata) laboratory, green house and field experiments were performed in Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Iran during 2014 in three replications. Treatments were ultrasonic wave, laser, magnetic field, gamma and beta irradiations for 5, 10 and 15 minutes on wetted seeds included control. Seeds under magnetic field for 5 and 10 min. germinated after 11 days, while seeds under ultrasonication and laser treatments germinated after 13.2 days. Treatments studied lead to significant decrease in time to taken to 50% of emergence of seedling and mean emergence time compared to the control. Final emergence percentage in seeds under magnetic field and ultrasonic wave were 73.7%, but only 58.7% from seeds treated under gamma and beta irradiations. With increasing of exposure time of magnetic field seedling vigor index reduced significant. Seed yield in those seeds under magnetic field increased 8.5 g m-2 compared to mean of control, ultrasonic wave and laser. Seed turgidity index ranged from 0.77 mL in gamma and beta irradiations up to 1.47 mL in magnetic field treatments. Regression analysis revealed that the role of final emergence percentage and seedling vigor index in seed yield explanation were 1.8 and 1.7 times greater than time to taken to 50% of emergence of seedling, respectively. In ribwort plantain with treatment of seeds under magnetic field farmers could improve seedling vigor and increase yield and effective ingredients. Manuscript profile
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