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Open Access Article
1 - Determine the antibiotic resistance patterns and tsst-1 gene frequency in staphylococcus auresu strains isolated from patients of Imam Khomeini hospital in Ahvaz
ziba shanaki baversad مریم ریسی Marziyeh Soleymanianisolates of Staphylococcus aureus from different samples to determine antibiotic resistance and Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of hospital acquired infections and community. Toxic shock syndrome toxin -1 gene secreted by the bacteria from the categories are impo Moreisolates of Staphylococcus aureus from different samples to determine antibiotic resistance and Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of hospital acquired infections and community. Toxic shock syndrome toxin -1 gene secreted by the bacteria from the categories are important virulence factors and is component super antigens toxins pyrogenic (PTSAgs). The purpose of this study is determine the antibiotic resistance patterns and tsst-1 gene frequency in Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from patients of Imam Khomeini hospital in Ahvaz. In this study, 133 clinical frequency tsst-1 gene were studied. After genomic DNA extraction using DNA extraction kit was performed the definitive diagnosis of bacteria, Then the gene tsst-1 frequency done in the presence of specific primers and antibiotic resistance was determined by agar disk diffusion method. After PCR amplification and detection of the bacterium, Of 133 isolates sequence tsst-1 gene was observed in 6 strains. In antibiogram test the greatest resistance to cefazolin (3/83%) and the lowest resistance to nitrofurantoin and vancomycin (0%) was observed. Due to the increasing prevalence of resistance to antibiotics of clinical importance tsst-1 gene timely identification and implementation of appropriate therapeutic strategies for controlling infection seems necessary. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Investigation of the contamination of semi-prepared foods and fast foods with respect to Staphylococcus aureus bacteria in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province.
Manouchehr Momeni-Shahraki fatemeh shirazi یاس محمدی Hossein Khodabandeh shahrakiFast and cold foods increase the microbiological risk of consumers due to the lack of cooking time and the contact of restaurant workers' hands during preparation. Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important causes of foodborne diseases. The purpose of this study MoreFast and cold foods increase the microbiological risk of consumers due to the lack of cooking time and the contact of restaurant workers' hands during preparation. Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important causes of foodborne diseases. The purpose of this study is to determine the abundance of Staphylococcus aureus in semi-prepared foods and fast foods and to identify them by PCR method. In this research, 100 food samples (meat products, falafel, pizza, chicken) were randomly collected from the food preparation and serving centers in Borujen, Shahrekord and Farsan cities in a period of one month to investigate the presence of Staphylococcus aureus. Tested. In total, staphylococcus contamination was observed in samples of meat products (64.1%), falafel (21.2%), pizza (20%), chicken (30.8%). The average number of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria in positive samples was reported (39%). Based on the results of the present research, it can be said that since the results of the production steps and preparation of fast food and semi-prepared foods are manual, there is a possibility of food contamination through human labor. Although the percentage of sample contamination is high, the number of bacteria in the sample is low and does not pose a potential risk to the health of the consumer. Therefore, personal and environmental health education is of great importance in order to reduce the amount of Staphylococcus aureus in people who are involved in food preparation and production. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Evaluation of the biofilm-forming ability of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from bovine mastitis in Iran
بابک Khoramian M.E Emaneini محمود Bolourchi M.A Eslampour امیر Niasari-Naslaji مرضیه Aligholi عباس Barin سعید Sattari پرویز HovareshtiOne important virulence trait utilized by Staphylococcus aureus is the ability to form biofilms ,this organism is able to adhere to and penetrate inside bovine mammary epithelial cells. In S.aureus polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA) was encoded by icaA and icaD MoreOne important virulence trait utilized by Staphylococcus aureus is the ability to form biofilms ,this organism is able to adhere to and penetrate inside bovine mammary epithelial cells. In S.aureus polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA) was encoded by icaA and icaD genes.Production of PIA is currently responsible for staphylococcal biofilm development. BiofilmInfections are generally chronic and difficult to treat. The aim of this study was to determine theprevalence of phenotypic and genotypic of biofilms from bovine mastitis infections in Iran. Atotal of 90 samples of Staphylococcus aureus were collected from raw milks of five dairy farmsnear Tehran. All of the samples were diagnosed according to the National mastitis council(NMC) methods. Staph aureus isolates confirmed by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-basedmethod. In order to determine the biofilm formation capacity of the studied S. aureus strains,microtiter plate assay was performed. All the strains were screened for the presence of ica locusand icaA and icaD genes by PCR. The results of this study showed that 79 of 90 (87.7%) strainsof S.aureus were found to possess the genes for biofilm production as evidenced by positiveamplification of the ica locus as well as the icaA and icaD genes. The analysis of phenotypic bymicrotiter plate method showed that 4.4%, 40%, 43.3% of the S. aureus isolates producedstrong, moderate or weak biofilm respectively, and 12.2% unable to produce biofilm. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - بررسی تشخیص ملکولی استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس توسط ژن های SEA-SEB-SEC- 23SR rRNA و روش کشت میکروبی
دکتر حامد اهری دلاور شهباززاده دکتر علی میثاقی دکتر محمدرضا پورشفیع شیما قلی زاده سلطانی سمیه عنایتی -
Open Access Article
5 - بررسی اثر اسانس رزماری بر روی روند رشد باکتری استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس در سوپ آماده تجارتی
کامران جعفرزاده خالدی مهزاد آقازاده مشگی انوشه شریفان کامبیز لاریجانی -
Open Access Article
6 - بررسی آلودگی پنیرهای سفید تازه غیر پاستوریزه گوسفندی به باکتری های بروسلا ملی تنسیس ، اشریشیا کلی و استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس در شهرستان شهرکرد
امیر شاکریان گیتی کریم علی شریف زاده مجید صادقی -
Open Access Article
7 - Distribution of staphylococcal enterotoxin A gene among Staphylococcus aureus isolates from traditional white–brined cheese
Kh Mohammadi,The consumption of food containing staphylococcal enterotoxins is regularly identified as thecause of intoxication. Enterotoxin A is considered as the most common toxin in staphylococcus–related food poisoning. The purpose of this study was to determine the preval MoreThe consumption of food containing staphylococcal enterotoxins is regularly identified as thecause of intoxication. Enterotoxin A is considered as the most common toxin in staphylococcus–related food poisoning. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of S. aureusin traditional white–brined cheese and distribution of enterotoxin A gene (sea) among them. Atotal of 120 samples was examined and S. aureus was isolated from 11 (9.1%) of the samples.According to the results, load of S. aureus was estimated from 1.5×101 to 8.6×104 cfu/g. Nosample was in the critical cell density of >105 cfu/g. From each sample, five suspected colonieswere confirmed by biochemical tests. S. aureus isolates were further identified based on 23SrRNA, themonuclease and enterotoxin A genes using multiplex PCR. Based on multiplex PCRresults all 55 isolates were identified as S. aureus. The enterotoxin A gene (sea) was detected in6 (10.9%) of the isolates. In conclusion, S. aureus and sea gene was found in traditional white–brined cheese. It seems that if the favorable growth conditions are provided, S. aureus couldproliferate and produce enterotoxin and could be regarded as a potential risk for human health. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Molecular identification of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin genes isolated from human skin tissue rashes and ewes milk with subacute mastitis
Kiani salmi, A., Ebrahimi Kahrizsangi, A., Mokhtari, A. .Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive coccal bacterium of the micro cocaceae family and by the release of toxins such as enterotoxins provides invasion to the host. The aim of this study was to identify enterotoxin genes of Sea, Seb, Sec and Sed in Staphylococcus aur MoreStaphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive coccal bacterium of the micro cocaceae family and by the release of toxins such as enterotoxins provides invasion to the host. The aim of this study was to identify enterotoxin genes of Sea, Seb, Sec and Sed in Staphylococcus aureus isolates of human skin infections and ewes with subacute mastitis. In this study 110 suspected S. Aureus isolates were collected from Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, the isolates were confirmed using microbiological standard methods. Then the PCR test was performed on 67 samples using specific primers to identify mentioned genes. The results showed that within 38 samples of human skin infections 19 cases were positive for Seb and Sea genes. 7 cases had Seb gene (18.42%). And 12 samples (31.58%).) were positive for Seagene. Within29 samples of ewe subacute mastitis 13 cases were positive for Sea, Seb, Sec and Sed genes. 5 samples had Sea gene (17.24%), 4 were positive for Seb (13.79%), 3 were positive for Sec (10.34%) and 1 had Sed gene (3.45%). Results were confirmed by sequencing and showed a high percentage of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical specimens had enterotoxin genes. Given the importance of these toxins produced by pathogenic strains, if the expression of these genes occurs, early treatment of infection would be necessary. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Profile of virulence genes of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from subclinical and clinical bovine mastitis in the Alborz province
Pourtaghi, H. .The aim of this study was to determine virulence genes patterns of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine subclinical and clinical mastitis. A total of 1,920 quarters of 480 dairy cattle in seven commercial dairy farms of Alborz province, Iran examined using CMT tes MoreThe aim of this study was to determine virulence genes patterns of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine subclinical and clinical mastitis. A total of 1,920 quarters of 480 dairy cattle in seven commercial dairy farms of Alborz province, Iran examined using CMT test. Staphylococcus aureuses were detected from clinical and subclinical samples with bacteriological culture. Based on coagulase reaction and 23sr DNA, a total of 33 and 12 strains of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from subclinical and clinical mastitis cases respectively. The Staphylococcus aureus strains were characterized genotypically by polymerase chain reaction using oligonucleotide primers that amplified genes encoding clumping factor (clfA), coagulase (coa), the gene segments encoding the X region of protein A gene spa (SpaA-X), accessory gene regulator (agrIII), hemolysin A (hla), and hemolysin B (hlb). Based on a remarkable variability detected in the studied genes 17 different profiles were identified among the samples, indicating a great diversity of Staphylococcus aureus involved in the etiology of mastitis cases in this region. The predominant profile between subclinical and clinical cases was clfA, coa, agrIII. These results help in the understanding of the distribution of the prevalent Staphylococcus aureus strains among bovine subclinical and clinical mastitis isolates in Alborz province, and might contribute to the establishment of preventive strategies to decrease the spread of infection. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - A comparative study between Vancomycin and Enrofloxacin in Heterophil: Lymphocyte ratio, toxic heterophils and Colony counting in experimental Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis in rabbits.
Taghipour, A., MashhadiRafiei, S., Nasrollahzadeh Masouleh, M. .Osteomyelitis is one of the most important life threatening conditions in medicine and veterinary subsequently localized through infection agent following sepsis by bacteria or from trauma, soft tissue, or even following the orthopedic surgery. From among various inflec MoreOsteomyelitis is one of the most important life threatening conditions in medicine and veterinary subsequently localized through infection agent following sepsis by bacteria or from trauma, soft tissue, or even following the orthopedic surgery. From among various inflectional agents, MSSA aureus which is sensitive and resistant to MRSA Methicillin play important role in causing osteomyelitis staphylococcus. Since today it is reported from around the world species resistant to vancomycin which is applied as primary treatment in the cases of acute osteomyelitis resulted from MRSA, efforts to find out alternative treatment is a matter of concern for researchers. In this study, 18 New Zealand white rabbits were divided in to 3 groups of control, vancomycin and enrofloxacin. Rabbits were infected by CFU106 from bacteria in diaphysis of tibia bone and after two weeks ensuring that the acute osteomyelitis induced in tibia bone tissues, rabbits were distributed in 3 groups randomly. Before and after inducing osteomyelitis, inflammatory parameters of heterophil to lymphocyte ratio and toxic changes were measured. After two weeks’ treatment in groups of treatment, two weeks were considered as rest too. after that bones sent for colony counting and microbiology examination. Findings of statistical analysis showed that the difference between control group and vancomycin and control group and enrofloxacin in introduced parameters was significant (P<0.05), however there was not significant difference between the groups of vancomycin and enrofloxacin (P<0.05). It is supposed that vancomycin could be substituted by enrofloxacin in acute osteomyelitis resulted from MRSA. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Designing Dot ELISA kit for detection of Staphylococcus aureus SEA enterotoxin and Sandwich ELISA compare, its validation in pastry cream bread
, SA. Bathaei , H. Ahari , AA AnvarIn this study, detection and recognition of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin was performed by designing a Dot ELISA sensitive kit. In the present study, nitrocellulose membrane (NCM) with 0.22 micron pores was applied as the bed, and 1:500 diluted specific antibody of MoreIn this study, detection and recognition of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin was performed by designing a Dot ELISA sensitive kit. In the present study, nitrocellulose membrane (NCM) with 0.22 micron pores was applied as the bed, and 1:500 diluted specific antibody of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin was coated on the NCM. Next, The HRP-tagged antibody was added with dilution of 1/2000, and the substrate was added gradually and rewashed. In this experiment, the samples were manually contaminated and then compared with the ELISA sandwich method as a gold standard. The kit is capable of detecting 50 ng/ml and higher of toxin A, and if the amount of toxin is less, it will report it negatively. In this test, of which 40 samples were collected and 4 positive cases were reported, it was revealed that about 10% of the collected samples were contaminated. Nowadays, using the Dot ELISA kit as a quick method with relative sensitivity and properties, it is possible to improve the repeatability of detecting Staphylococcus enterotoxin A in creamy candies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - In vitro Effect of Carotenoid Pigment of Rhodotorula glutinis on Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated from Bovine Mastitis
S. Naisi, منصور Bayat, , T Zahraei Salehi, بهاره Rahimian Zarif, R. Yahyaraeyat,Mastitis, as a most costly disease of dairy cows, causes a lot of damage to the livestock industry in the world every year. One of the most important bacteria which causes clinical mastitis in cattle is S. aureus, which has become resistant to most common antibiotics in MoreMastitis, as a most costly disease of dairy cows, causes a lot of damage to the livestock industry in the world every year. One of the most important bacteria which causes clinical mastitis in cattle is S. aureus, which has become resistant to most common antibiotics in veterinary medicine. Therefore, researchers are looking for new methods in the treatment of such infections, in which the pigments of microorganisms fall into this category. The aim of this recent study was to optimize the production of carotenoid pigments by Rhododorula yeast and to investigate its antimicrobial effect on S. aureus isolates To isolate S. aureus, samples were taken from the milk of 100 cows with mastitis and the femA gene was identified for molecular confirmation among suspicious isolates of Staphylococcus by PCR method. Also, the isolate of R. glutinis obtained from one of the samples of mastitis was further examined and used as a sample of yeast producing pigment. The results showed that in addition to S. aureus as one of the causative agents of mastitis in dairy cattle, but also the yeast R. glutinis can be a causative agent of mastitis. The inhibitory effect on the growth of Staphylococcus using the pigment extracted from R. glutinis was also quite evident and more than 80% of S. aureus isolates were sensitive to the pigment at a concentration of 200 μg. R. glutenis inhibits excellent growth in S. aureus as one of the leading causes of mastitis in cows. The cause is the appearance of synthetic antibiotics and the reduction of microbial resistance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Investigating the effect of Scenedesmus acuminates algae extract on healing wounds infected with Staphylococcus aureus in a rat model
هومن Akasheh, علیرضا Jahandideh امیر اقبال Khajerahimi شاپور Kakoolaki سعید HesarakiThe purpose of this study is to use a seaweed called Scenedesmus acuminates to reduce infection and heal wounds. Sixty rats were divided into four treatment groups, and sampling was done on the third, seventh, and fourteenth days after wound formation. No treatment was MoreThe purpose of this study is to use a seaweed called Scenedesmus acuminates to reduce infection and heal wounds. Sixty rats were divided into four treatment groups, and sampling was done on the third, seventh, and fourteenth days after wound formation. No treatment was done on the first group, the control group. The second group was treated with 25% zinc oxide as the drug of choice. The third and fourth groups were treated with 3% and 7% Scenedesmus acuminates seaweed ointment. The back wounds of mice were infected with 50 microliters of 2x108 CFU/mL Staphylococcus containing suspension. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry (CD68) were performed to compare the number of macrophages on tissue samples. On the third day after wounding, macrophages (CD68) were present in the algae group by 7% more than in the other groups. On the seventh day, fibroplasia and collagen synthesis in the algae group was 7% better than in the other two groups. On the 14th day, the accumulation of new blood vessels in the algae was 7% more than the others. The best result regarding the CD68 (macrophage) molecule expression level was seen in the 7% algae group on the 7th and 14th days. On the third, seventh, and fourteenth days, when macrophages are helpful, algae groups were better than others. The use of algae ointment can reduce the bacterial load of the wound and is better than the administration of zinc oxide. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - A survey of prevalence and antibiotic resistance pattern of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from eggs in Ardabil area, Iran
آیدین Azizpour,Staphylococcus aureus is one of the main causes of foodborne diseases globally. Eggs can contaminated with S.aureus when they make contact with dirty surfaces, litter materials as well as clothing and hands of poultry workers. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to MoreStaphylococcus aureus is one of the main causes of foodborne diseases globally. Eggs can contaminated with S.aureus when they make contact with dirty surfaces, litter materials as well as clothing and hands of poultry workers. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of S. aureus strains isolated from eggs in Ardabil area located in the northwest of Iran. One hundred and fifty eggs were collected randomly from poultry farms (n=50) and retail outlets (n=50 native and n=50 bulk) in different parts of Ardabil. In terms of S. aureus contamination, eggs were examined using bacterial culture and biochemical tests. From 150 egg samples examined, 9 samples (9.3%) were infected with S. aureus. Out of these, the highest contamination rate of S. aureus was observed in native, industrial and bulk eggs 50%, 28.58% and 21.42%, respectively. There was the highest resistance to penicillin (78.57%), tetracycline (71.42%) and ampicillin (64.28%), while the lowest resistance was observed to chloramphenicol (21.42%), gentamicin (14.28%) and ciprofloxacin (7.14%). All the S. aureus isolates were susceptible to vancomycin (100%). The results of this study indicate the presence of S. aureus infection in eggs and the relatively high prevalence of S. aureus isolates resistant to some antibiotics is a potential risk to human health. It is necessary to pay attention to hygienic points in storing and consuming eggs and monitoring the use of antibiotics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Registration and Identification of Toxic S. aureus genes Isolated from Tilapia Fish Using Multiplex PCR Technique
N. Niakhalili H. Ahari B. Nowruzi Introduction: Aquatic animal products are considered very important food items in the food basket regarding their high calorie, protein, and omega-3 unsaturated fat. Many aquatic animals, including fish, may always be infected with pathogenic microorganisms at var More Introduction: Aquatic animal products are considered very important food items in the food basket regarding their high calorie, protein, and omega-3 unsaturated fat. Many aquatic animals, including fish, may always be infected with pathogenic microorganisms at various stages, from hunting to purchasing. Eventually, these factors would cause severe poisoning in humans. The present study investigates the registration and identification of Staphylococcus aureus’s toxic genes isolated from tilapia using the Multiplex PCR technique.Materials and Methods: The sample size included 42 subjects (21 fresh fish samples and 21 frozen fish samples). First, after preparing the samples, Staphylococcus aureus was isolated and examined as surface culture in Baird-Parker medium. Next, a Coagulase test was performed, and the enterotoxin gene was identified by DNA extraction. Finally, gene sequencing was carried out automatically and systematically.Results: The results suggested that 92.9% of the total samples (21 fresh tilapia and 18 frozen fish) had no Staphylococcus aureus, and 7.1% of the samples were infected with Staphylococcus aureus. The coagulase test results also suggested that all three frozen fish samples were coagulase positive. Examining enterotoxin-producing genes (SEA, SEB, SEC, SED, SEE, and SEG) among three frozen samples infected with Staphylococcus bacteria revealed SEA enterotoxin gene only in one frozen sample. Conclusion: The results showed that due to the low cost and much shorter time required to identify toxic Staphylococcus aureus genes using Multiplex PCR, this method is highly effective in studying the genotypes of Staphylococcus isolates. Therefore, by using this method, one can improve the food health level in the society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Investigation of the Effect of Hop (Hyssoupus officinalis L.) and Hyssop (Humulus lupulus L.) Ethanolic Extracts on the Prevention of Staphylococcus aureus Growth in Doogh
Z. Ghaleh Mosiyani R. Pourahmad P. RajaeiIntroduction: Nowadays with regard to the harmful effects of synthetic preservatives onconsumers' health, the use of natural antimicrobial compounds such as herbal extracts in foodpreservation is considerably increasing. Doogh or drinking yogurt is a kind of dairy drink MoreIntroduction: Nowadays with regard to the harmful effects of synthetic preservatives onconsumers' health, the use of natural antimicrobial compounds such as herbal extracts in foodpreservation is considerably increasing. Doogh or drinking yogurt is a kind of dairy drinkmade of yoghurt and water which is highly favored in Iran. Staphylococcus aureus is abacterium causing toxicity in dairy products. The purpose of this study is to investigate theeffect of hop and hyssop ethanolic extracts on the prevention of Staphylococcus aureusgrowth in doogh.Materials and Methods: Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and MinimumBactericidal Concentration (MBC) of hop and hyssop ethanolic extracts were calculated.Moreover, the antibacterial activity of those extracts was examined using diffusion diskmethod, and chemical and sensory properties of doogh were also tested on the 1st, 7th, and 14thdays.Results: MIC of hop and hyssop extracts were respectively 12.5 mg/mL and 6.25 mg/mL,whereas MBC of those extracts were respectively 25 mg/mL and 12.5 mg/mL. By addingherbal extracts, acidity of the samples decreased and pH increased (p<0.05). Moreover, byadding herbal extracts, the scores of sensory properties of the samples decreased (p<0.05).Among the samples containing herbal extracts, sample containing 12.5 mg/mL hyssop extracthad the best sensory quality.Conclusion: Hop and hyssop extracts had antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcusaureus and they can be used as natural preservatives in doogh. Among doogh samples,sample containing 12.5 mg/mL hyssop extract can be selected as the best sample regarding itssuitable antimicrobial activity and sensory quality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Molecular Detection of Methicillin Resistant Enterotoxin a Producing Staphylococcus aureus in Profiteroles in Karaj in 2016
M. Makvandi N. HarzandiIntroduction: Staphylococcal enterotoxins are members of a family of more than 20 different staphylococcal and streptococcal exotoxins that are functionally related and share corresponding gene sequence homology. These bacterial proteins are known to be mitogen and are MoreIntroduction: Staphylococcal enterotoxins are members of a family of more than 20 different staphylococcal and streptococcal exotoxins that are functionally related and share corresponding gene sequence homology. These bacterial proteins are known to be mitogen and are responsible for significant human diseases including food poisoning. The aim of this study was to detect the enterotoxin A producing Staphylococcus aureus in profiteroles.Materials and Methods: Sampling was carried out from 50 confectionaries in Karaj from mid-August 2016 to February 2017. Serial dilutions from each sample were prepared and cultured on Baird parker agar. After 48 hours incubation at 37ºC, black colonies were selected. Following transfer to blood agar, susceptibility of isolates to oxacillin was determined using disc diffusion method and presence of nuc, mecA and sea genes was checked using PCR.Results: In total, based on culture results 8 out of 50 samples (16%) had Staphylococcus aureus contamination. PCR method results showed the presence of nuc gene in 14 (28%) of the samples, mecA gene and sea gene in 5 (10%), 3 (6%) of the samples respectively.Conclusion: Remarkable frequency of enterotoxin A producing MRSA isolates in different foods and specially profiteroles as an enrichment medium for growth and toxin production of bacteria, is a warning for public health. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - بررسی تاثیر سرد کردن با آب خنک ، محلول پراکسید هیدروژن و اوزون تراپی برکاهش بار میکروبی لاشه طیور
یاسر رحیمیان موسی معینی فرشید خیری مسعود داوودی -
Open Access Article
19 - اثر ضدباکتریایی عصارهی گیاه چوچاق (Eryngium planum) بر روی جدایههای بالینی اشریشیا کولای و استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس
ساناز دادارطلب الهام هوشمند خمیران پگاه نیکقدم -
Open Access Article
20 - نقش ژن بیوفیلم در مقاومت آنتی بیوتیکی و پاتوژنز ورم پستان استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس
سعیده فروتن محمد امین اسلامپور محمد ایمان عینی فرشته جبل عاملی قاسم اکبری -
Open Access Article
21 - اثر ضد باکتریایی نانوذرات نقره سنتز شده از عصاره گیاه گزنه Urtica diorica بر استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس و سودوموناس آئروژینوزا
امید زمانی زهرا کشتمند سیدمحمد مهدی حمدی -
Open Access Article
22 - بررسی شیوع جدایههای استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس تولید کننده انتروتوکسین در نمونههای مخازن جمع آوری شیر در شهر ماکو
محمد رضا صادقی -
Open Access Article
23 - بررسی خواص ضد باکتریایی پپتید نوترکیب لاکتوفرامپین-لاکتوفریسین شتری بر روی رشد باکتری استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس مولد ورم پستان در گاوهای شیری هلشتاین
سیده زهرا موسوی مجتبی طهمورث پور محمد هادی سخاوتی علی جواد منش -
Open Access Article
24 - ارزیابی توانایی تولید بیوفیلم در اشریشیا کولی و استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس و بررسی ساختار آن
نغمه موری بختیاری محمد خسروی -
Open Access Article
25 - مقایسه کیفیت بهداشتی محصولات عمل آوری شده به روش صنعتی و نیمه صنعتی در کشتارگاه طیور
ویدا پیر زمانی پیمان خانی امین آبادی -
Open Access Article
26 - شناسایی مولکولی و بررسی کلونیزاسیون برخی گونه های استافیلوکوکوس در سگ های به ظاهر سالم ارجاعی به بیمارستان دانشکده دامپزشکی اهواز
داریوش غریبی بهمن مصلی نژاد سید محدثه هاشمی -
Open Access Article
27 - Detection of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains by Comparing Oxacillin and Cefoxitin Disk Diffusion methods and PCR for mecA Gene
reza yari Mohammad Reza Mehrabi Niloufar Gorbanpoor KiasariDetection of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains by Comparing Oxacillin and Cefoxitin Disk Diffusion and PCR for mecA Gene Abstract: Introduction and purpose: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA strains can pose a serious threat as nosocomi MoreDetection of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains by Comparing Oxacillin and Cefoxitin Disk Diffusion and PCR for mecA Gene Abstract: Introduction and purpose: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA strains can pose a serious threat as nosocomial infections in various communities. In detection of these strains, PCR is an expensive method, whereas disk diffusion can provide a simple, inexpensive method with a high specificity. This study attempted to evaluate the disk diffusion method using cefoxitin and oxacillin discs compared with the PCR for detecting mecA gene. Materials and Methods: In this study, 150 Staphylococcus aureus isolates were collected from clinical skin samples from the patients and personnel in Qom. Next, methicillin resistance was diagnosed using oxacillin and cefoxitin disk diffusion method. Using PCR, mecA gene was identified in Staphylococcus aureus isolates and the data of both disk diffusion method and PCR were compared. Findings: Among the 150 isolates, 33% were methicillin-resistant in oxacillin disk diffusion, while 28% were methicillin-resistant in cefoxitin disc diffusion. The results revealed that oxacillin disk diffusion yielded false resistance to methicillin by 14% in detection of MRSA strains as compared to cefoxitin disk diffusion. Conclusions: In laboratories where molecular methods are not employed as a routine procedure for MRSA detection, cefoxitin disk diffusion can provide a simple, low-cost and promising alternative technique for detection of methicillin-resistant isolates. Keywords:MRSA, Cefoxitin, Oxacillin, mecA Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - The 3ʹ region length polymorphism of clfa gene in staphylococcus aureus clinical samples isolated from three hospitals in Qom city
reza yari Mohammad Reza Mehrabi Fatemeh Mohammad SalehiIntroduction: Staphylococcus aureus produce enzymes and various toxins for survival, protein, carbohydrate, lipid and Nucleic acid degradation, drug resistance, attachment to host cells and pathogenicity. One of the most important of surface bacterial virulence factors MoreIntroduction: Staphylococcus aureus produce enzymes and various toxins for survival, protein, carbohydrate, lipid and Nucleic acid degradation, drug resistance, attachment to host cells and pathogenicity. One of the most important of surface bacterial virulence factors is clumping factor or Clf A. It protein cause to connect bacteria- Fibrinogen host cell. The aim of this study was to investigate the existence and possible variations in the 3'-end of clf A gene. Materials & Methods: 100 clinical strains isolated from Nekuei(Hedayati), Kamkar(Arabnia) and Shahid Beheshti hospitals were selected after confirmation by microbial, biochemical and molecular 16 srRNA tests. A pair of primers for amplification of variable region genes were used. Results: All strains isolated from three hospitals in Qom city produced 1100 bp amplicons size. The amplicons are sent to the relevant company for sequencing and comparison with standard sequence. Conclusion: According to other studies that were produced 900 to 1000 bp amplicons size by the same primers this is the first report of a gene polymorphism in 3'-end of clf A gene in the world. In this area reported 18 nucleotide minisatellite repeats which causes errors in the DNA replication by DNA polymerase as Replication Slippage. This event has been led to the creation and distribution of new version of the gene in the city of Qom. This study needs further investigation about sequence and encoded protein. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Investigation of NorA, norB, and norC efflux pumps in Staphylococcus aureus resistant to Fluoroquinolone Isolated from Urinary Tract Infection
Mona Azadikhah Mohsen Zargar Razieh NazariStaphylococci are rapidly resistant to most antibiotics and cause many therapeutic problems. Of these, the efflux pumps are the most important cause of resistance to antibiotics, and these pumps are the core of the inherent inflammatory system of the nor gene. Staphyloc MoreStaphylococci are rapidly resistant to most antibiotics and cause many therapeutic problems. Of these, the efflux pumps are the most important cause of resistance to antibiotics, and these pumps are the core of the inherent inflammatory system of the nor gene. Staphylococcus aureus, norA, norB, and norC are chromosomal genes that encode these pumps, expressing high levels of multi-drug resistance genes can produce resistance to quinolones. The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of norA B, C genes in the presence of germs in the isolates of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from the samples of urinary tract infection. In this study, samples from 300 urine samples of patients referred to the laboratories in north of Tehran were collected and identified 100 samples of Staphylococcus aureus. After identification of resistant strains of fluoroquinolone family antibiotics, DNA extraction was performed to confirm the presence of norA, norB and nor C genes by PCR reaction. The results were analyzed by electrophoresis on agarose gel. Of the 100 isolated isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, 60 isolates were resistant to the ciprofloxacin disc, 30 isolates were resistant to neurofloxacin and 10 isolates compared to furosemide. Of the 100 isolates, 30 isolates possessed a norB resistance gene, 20 had norC gene and 20 had norA gene. Also, 10 isolates containing all three genes and 15 isolates, had 2 genes from the 3 genes studied. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Investigation of Staphylococcus aureus contamination in Food Samples and determining of its epidemiological relationship with theirs processing workers by polymerase chain reaction
seyed mansour meybodi zahra masoumalinejad Maryam FakhrabadiBackground: Fast and cold foods, due to their high diversity, availability, lack of cooking time and due to these foods are not very processed and may be in contact with hand of restaurant workers at the time of preparation, the microbial risks of consumers from this Pr MoreBackground: Fast and cold foods, due to their high diversity, availability, lack of cooking time and due to these foods are not very processed and may be in contact with hand of restaurant workers at the time of preparation, the microbial risks of consumers from this Products have increased. Material and Methods: In this research, 50 samples of food products (handmade hamburger, falafel, potato sambosa, pizza sombosa, kebab, pasta salad) from 10 fast food stores in Sirjan city in a three month period from the beginning of July to the end of September 2017 were collected. Also, 36 samples were collected from their employees and analyzed by microbiological and molecular tests for the presence of Staphylococcus aureus. Results: Food contamination with Staphylococcus aureus was 6% and contamination of the staff was 19.44%. The highest susceptibility to Cotrimoxazole antibiotics (SXT), Zoxidium stiffness (COX), Ciprofloxacin (CP) was 100, 90, 90% respectively, and the highest resistance to antibiotics were kanamycin (K), linzoleide (LINEZ), azithromycin (AZI) 60, 35, 30% respectively were reported. Conclusion: Based on the results of this research, it can be said that since the stages of preparing handmade hamburger, falafel, potato sambosa, pizza sombosa, kebab, pasta salad in Iran are manually, there is a complete risk of food contamination through human resources. Therefore, personal and environmental health education in order to reduce the rate of Staphylococcus aureus in people involved in the preparation of food is very important. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Study of genetic variation in Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from clinical specimens by RAPD-PCR Technique
Baroomand Morvaridi Shahram Nakhjavan Shahram Nanekarani Reza YariIntroduction: Methicillin Resistant-Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been introduced as important factor in Hospital-Acquired Infections (HAI). Diversity in Staphylococcus strains can affect the response to treatment and identifying of strains can be effective in the se MoreIntroduction: Methicillin Resistant-Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been introduced as important factor in Hospital-Acquired Infections (HAI). Diversity in Staphylococcus strains can affect the response to treatment and identifying of strains can be effective in the selection of antibiotics. The aim of this study was to determine the genetic diversity of MRSA isolates with random primers. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed in 2015 on 50 MRSA isolates of clinical skin samples. Genomes were extracted by Boiling method. RAPD-PCR method was performed by 16 random primers. To investigate the genetic similarity, matrix 1/0, NTSYS and MVSP software's were used. One-dimensional clustering and ordinations were conducted. Results: The highest and lowest produced bonds related to M4 and M9 primers respectively. The greatest mean produced bands for each isolate/primer up to 8.1 relates to M4 primer. The most polymorphic bands, 36 bands belonged to M5 primer. The heaviest band, 3.6 Kb produced by M2 primer and the lightest band, 100 bp produced by M12 primer. A total of 16 primers, 583 bands formed that were 412 (70.91%) polymorphic bands and 171 (29.09%) specific bands. RAPD-PCR divided isolates into two clusters. Conclusion: This study showed that these isolates are very heterogeneous genetically. RAPD-PCR is important in rapid detection of an epidemic outbreak, tracing the origin of the infection and the subsequent managing of infection control. Therefore, the present study tries to develop this approach and apply it in health management by providing information about the genetic diversity of MRSA. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Effect of Zataria multiflora and Cinnamomum Verum essential oils on biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus
Parisa Rahmati Fatemeh Noorbakhsh Abbass PazokiObjectives: Staphylococcus aureus is an important human pathogenic bacterium and one of the pathogens that commonly causes biofilm infections in the clinic. Antibiotic resistance has spread worldwide in Staphylococcus aureus and is a serious problem for the treatment of MoreObjectives: Staphylococcus aureus is an important human pathogenic bacterium and one of the pathogens that commonly causes biofilm infections in the clinic. Antibiotic resistance has spread worldwide in Staphylococcus aureus and is a serious problem for the treatment of patients. In this study, the effect of thyme essential oil of Shirazi and cinnamon on the formation of biofilm in Staphylococcus aureus strains has been investigated. Methods: In this study, 20 clinical samples of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from the urine of patients admitted to the intensive care unit of Taleghani Hospital in Tehran. The microdilution test was performed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Zataria multiflora and cinnamon essential oils on strains. The ability of biofilm formation in the collected strains was assessed by microtiterplate and the effects of Zataria multiflora and cinnamon essential oils were evaluated on biofilm formation. Results: In this study, 75% of Staphylococcus aureus strains formed strong biofilm and 25% moderate biofilm. Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus strains with Zataria multiflora essential oils in MIC concentration revealed that biofilm formation were 40% weak and 60% strains did not form biofilm. Treatment of strains with cinnamon essential oil at MIC concentration was observed to be 25% strong biofilm and 75% moderate biofilm. The present study shows the effect of essential oils of Zataria multiflora and cinnamon in reducing the biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus strains. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Genetic classification of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from raw chicken meat based on Spa gene
Hassan Momtaz Parisa HeydariObjectives: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common causes of food poisoning in humans. Various methods including genotyping based on protein A (Spa typing) and PCR-based methods have been used for genetic classification of this bacterium. In the present study, MoreObjectives: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common causes of food poisoning in humans. Various methods including genotyping based on protein A (Spa typing) and PCR-based methods have been used for genetic classification of this bacterium. In the present study, Spa gene tracking was used for genotyping of Staphylococcus aureus isolates.Methods: 100 samples of raw chicken meat were collected from chicken meat supply centers in the market of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. Samples were tested for Staphylococcus aureus bacteria by microbial culture and molecular methods and the presence of Spa gene in strains detected by PCR and enzymatic digestion.Results: Out of the total of 23 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus studied, 6 isolates lacked the Spa gene. In the rest of the isolates, a fragment with a size of about 1100 to 1500 bp was detected, and based on the detected gene fragment, 17 isolates containing the Spa gene were divided into four genotypes I to IV; So that 9 isolates were in SpaI genotype, 3 isolates in SpaII genotype, 3 isolates in SpaIII genotype and 2 isolates in SpaIV genotype.Conclusion: The presence of high genomic diversity in these isolates indicates cross-contamination of contamination and therefore can be prevented from the presence and growth of this bacterium in food by implementing quality control and food safety standards during the production process. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Antimicrobial and Healing Effect of Nettle, Purslane and Hedge Nettle Extracts on Burn Infections of Staphylococcus aureus in Mice
Nader Kazemi Mahdi Arfaei Mona GhasemiIntroduction & Objective: Staphylococcus aureus is cause of hospital infections and infectious illnesses. Urtica dioica, Portulaca oleracea and Stachys schtschegleevii have more antimicrobial and healing effects. In this project, the antimicrobial and healing effect MoreIntroduction & Objective: Staphylococcus aureus is cause of hospital infections and infectious illnesses. Urtica dioica, Portulaca oleracea and Stachys schtschegleevii have more antimicrobial and healing effects. In this project, the antimicrobial and healing effects of plants extracts with silver sulfadiazine were studied on burn infections of Staphylococcus aureus in rats. Materials & Methods: Firstly, ethanolic and acetonic extracts of plants were prepared in the laboratory. Then, the MIC and MBC of the extracts were determined by the dilution method in the Muller Hinton broth. In study of animal model, firstly the bacteria were inoculated with a concentration of (5×105 CFU/ml) to the wound site on rats. After 24 hours, ointments were prepared based on MBC concentration from extracts of mentioned plants for 1g of silver sulfadiazine and was used to treatment.Results: In studies conducted on rats, it was found that ethanolic and acetonic extracts of Urtica dioica, as well as the acetonic extract of Portulaca oleracea had more antimicrobial and healing effect on Staphylococcus aureus. But in the wound treated with ethanolic and acetonic extract of Stachys schtschegleevii, bleeding was seen. Conclusions: Ethanolic and acetonic extracts of Urtica dioica and the acetonic extract of Portulaca oleracea had more antimicrobial and restoration effects on burn wound infection. Ethanolic and acetonic extract of Urtica dioica had better healing effects than acetonic extract of Portulaca oleracea. As a result, extract of Urtica dioica could be used in preparation of burn ointments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Investigation of antimicrobial properties of green synthesized CuO nanostuctures using Berberis integerrima aqueous extract on infected surgical wound caused by Staphylococcus aureus
Parvin Eskandari Faeze Naghilonia Reza Shapouri Mahdi ArfaeiBackground & Aims: CuO is one of the most important transition metal oxides due to its interesting properties. It is used in various technological applications such as high critical temperature superconductors, gas sensors, photocatalyst, and so on. Staphylococcus a MoreBackground & Aims: CuO is one of the most important transition metal oxides due to its interesting properties. It is used in various technological applications such as high critical temperature superconductors, gas sensors, photocatalyst, and so on. Staphylococcus aureus bacteria causes a wide range of infectious diseases. In this study, the antimicrobial activity of the synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles in the presence of Berberis integerrima aqueous extract on the infected surgical wound caused by this bacterium was investigated in mice. Materials and methods: First, copper oxide nanoparticles were synthesized in the presence of Berberis integerrima aqueous extract and confirmed by XRD, FT-IR, FE-SEM analyses, and the MIC and MBC levels of the nanostructures used were determined by the dilution method in Mueller Hinton Broth culture medium. Also, after creating a skin wound and inoculating the solution of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria with a concentration of (5 × 105 CFU/ml), the concentration of MBC along with Eucerin ointment was checked on the infected wounds. Results: In general, copper oxide nanoparticles synthesized in the presence of Berberis integerrima aqueous extract has a significant antimicrobial activity to control the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Also, the synthesized copper oxide has a favorable antimicrobial and reparative effect on the infected surgical wound caused by this bacterium. Conclusion: According to the findings, copper oxide nanoparticles can be effectively and efficiently synthesized by Berberis integerrima aqueous extract in simple and environmentally friendly conditions. It also has a significant antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and has a favorable reparative effect compared to Eucerin ointment. Copper oxide nanoparticles can be expected to play an effective role in the treatment of microbial infections. Key words: Berberis integerrima, copper nanoparticles, Eucerin, mice, Staphylococcus aureus. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - بررسی اثر ضد میکروبی و التیام بخشی عصاره های مختلف گزنه، باباآدم و بلاغ اوتی به همراه سیلور سولفادیازین بر روی عفونت سوختگی ناشی از استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس در موش
علی حسین هاشمی علیا رضا شاپوری محمد رضا اسرافیلی -
Open Access Article
37 - The Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Antibacterial Effect of Silver and Copper Nanoparticles on that In vitro and Animal model
Saba Hashemi Rasoul ShokriBackground & aim: Considering the high resistance to drug in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, this study was performed to investigate the effects of silver and copper nanoparticles and their combined effect on the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aur MoreBackground & aim: Considering the high resistance to drug in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, this study was performed to investigate the effects of silver and copper nanoparticles and their combined effect on the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in vitro and animal models.Materials & Methods: To determine the most effective antibiotics, disk diffusion method was performed. The microdilution method is used for determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of copper and silver nanoparticles and their combination . Then, to examine the effect of nanoparticles and the antibiotic, experiments were performed in the animal models. For this purpose, after intraperitoneal inoculation of bacterial suspension, MBC concertrations obtained from microdilution method were injected to the mice and after the cultivation of spleen, colony count was performed.Results: The most effective antibiotic on bacteria was vancomycin. The MIC of silver and copper nanoparticles, vancomycin, silver and copper nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles-vancomycin and copper nanoparticles- vancomycin were 1250 ppm, 2500 ppm, 78/12, 625 ppm, 35 ppm and 250 ppm respectively. In animal model, the lowest number of colonies is related to silver nanoparticles and then silver nanoparticles-vancomycin.Conclusion: The results show that antimicrobial effect of silver nanoparticles is more than vancomycin and copper nanoparticles. Also the combination of silver and copper nanoparticles increases their antimicrobial strength and the combination of silver and vancomycin after complementary experiments, can be a option for the treatment of infections caused by these bacteria. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Investigation of Staphylococcus aureus infection in traditional cheeses of Karaj city
Nazanin Khakipour Hamed MohammadiCheese is a product consisting of fat and milk protein, along with calcium and phosphorus that are combined with milk protein in various ways. Due to the importance of cheese consumption among the people of Iran and considering that this product is one of the most impor MoreCheese is a product consisting of fat and milk protein, along with calcium and phosphorus that are combined with milk protein in various ways. Due to the importance of cheese consumption among the people of Iran and considering that this product is one of the most important dairy products and according to available statistics, about 20% of the milk produced in the dairy industry is converted into cheese, of which the share of production Traditional cheese is about 80%. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of contamination of traditional cheeses offered in different areas of Karaj. The present descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the summer of 1398 by sampling different parts of the north, west, east, south and center of Karaj . Four types of bulk cheeses of Tabriz Ligvan, lactic, white and gypsum in five geographical areas with three replications were examined for the presence of Staphylococcus aureus. The results shows the contamination of traditional cheeses and its different areas, although the rate of contamination in the west was higher than other areas. Among the regions, the eastern region with the lowest level of pollution among other regions and the presence of contamination only in gypsum cheese, was identified as the least dangerous region. In contrast to the existence of high pollution in all four types of cheese studied in the west. based on the results, this part of Karaj was introduced as the most dangerous area in the consumption of traditional cheeses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Evalution bacterial contamination of E. coli and Staphylococcous aureus in Cream Filled Pastries in West Tehran city
Nazanin Khakipour Behrouz DastpeymanThis descriptive cross-sectional study was performed to investigate the presence or absence of bacterial contamination caused by Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in creamy sweets in the west of Tehran. From 12 selected confectioneries in the west of Tehran, ab MoreThis descriptive cross-sectional study was performed to investigate the presence or absence of bacterial contamination caused by Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in creamy sweets in the west of Tehran. From 12 selected confectioneries in the west of Tehran, about 500 grams of creamy sweets equivalent to 3 pieces (solid food sample) (according to the instructions of the standard number of samples required in food sampling) were prepared using simple random sampling method. In this study, in order to isolate and identify Escherichia coli bacteria, lauryl sulfate tryptase culture medium was used. Due to gas production and turbidity observed in all samples (36 samples), EC Broth selective culture medium was used for complementary and confirmatory steps. peptone water culture medium was used for confirmatory tests of Escherichia coli and differentiation from other fecal coliforms, coaxial reagent was used for final confirmation. Isolation of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria was done using Cooked Meat enrichment medium and due to the production of spherical or oval or spindle colonies that were created in the depth of the medium in all samples, from Baird Parker Agar culture as The base was used for the second stage and in continuation of coagulase test to confirm Staphylococcus aureus bacteria from other staphylococci, rabbit citrate plasma was used for confirmatory tests. By reviewing the data, the rate of bacterial contamination caused by Staphylococcus aureus in 36 samples was equal to 25% and the rate of bacterial contamination due to Escherichia coli in 36 samples was equal to 5%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Bacterial Food Contamination in Iran
Nadi Kazem Sahrif Karar Abodlhadi Bshar Marhab Rihan Mehdi HassanshahianContamination and spoilage of food are important in many ways, such as health and the economy. Identification of food contamination can significantly help to improve food production and distribution processes and prevent the wastage of many resources. In Iran, many rese MoreContamination and spoilage of food are important in many ways, such as health and the economy. Identification of food contamination can significantly help to improve food production and distribution processes and prevent the wastage of many resources. In Iran, many researches have been carried out in this field during continuous periods of time, and a careful examination of these researches can provide valuable information. In this article, an attempt has been made to briefly review the types of food contamination in the dairy, meat, and confectionery categories in recent years in Iran and provide a bibliometric report of the documents published in the Scopus database without a time limit. The results of the investigations revealed that Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria are probably more important than other bacteria in this country. The low ratio of the number of review documents to articles and also the lack of publication of no book in this database can be of interest to researchers to collect, summarize and conclude this information, which will definitely be useful. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Studying the prevalence of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella in water, fruit juice and traditional ice creams offered in Qom city, Iran
Seyed erfan Hosseini nasab Ebrahim Rahimi Najmeh Vahed dehkordiBackground and purpose: pathogenic bacteria in food are the cause of many infections and food poisoning. The prevalence of bacterial contamination is high in developing countries, and Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella and Escherichia coli account for the highest amount MoreBackground and purpose: pathogenic bacteria in food are the cause of many infections and food poisoning. The prevalence of bacterial contamination is high in developing countries, and Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella and Escherichia coli account for the highest amount of food contamination; Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella in water, fruit juice and traditional ice creams offered in Qom city, Iran.Research method: In the present study, 300 samples, including 100 water samples, 100 fruit juice samples, and 100 traditional ice cream samples, were taken from supply centers, sampled and transferred to the food hygiene laboratory of Shahrekord Azad University. SPSS version 26 statistical software and Kai-Hat statistical test were used for data analysis. A significant level (P<00.05) was considered.Findings: The results showed that out of 300 studied samples, 170 samples were infected with pathogenic microorganisms. In this way, the amount of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella contamination in water was 1, 16 and 2 samples, in traditional fruit juice 8, 46 and 26 samples and in traditional ice cream 8, 59 and 28 samples.Conclusion: According to the present results, it is necessary to refrain from consuming traditional fruit juice and traditional ice cream in centers that have unfavorable health conditions and to use purified water, and if there is no purified water before Boiled water should be consumed to prevent food-borne diseases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Investigating the antibacterial effects of methanolic extract of Myristica fragrans against broad-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Staphylococcus aureus isolates
Elham Nikouie Ashraf KariminikThe increasing development of antibiotic resistance of bacteria has provided the basis for replacing antimicrobial agents with plant origin and with less side effects. This research is a type of laboratory study that was conducted with the aim of determining the antibac MoreThe increasing development of antibiotic resistance of bacteria has provided the basis for replacing antimicrobial agents with plant origin and with less side effects. This research is a type of laboratory study that was conducted with the aim of determining the antibacterial effect of Myristica fragrans on staphylococcus isolates beta lactamase producing antibiotics. The methanol extract of the plant was prepared by maceration method. The extract was filtered with Whatman No.1 paper and concentrated by rotary evaporator system. Different concentrations of 200, 100, 80, 40, 20, 10, 5, 2.5, 1.25, 0.625 of the extract were prepared in DMSO: Methanol (1:1v/v) solvent. Identification of beta-lactamase producing isolates was done by phenotypic method with cefotaxime antibiotic discs and cefotaxime / clavulanic acid combined disc. Antibacterial activity against 40 isolates of beta-lactamase-producing isolates was investigated by agar wells diffusion method. After incubation for 24 hours at 37°C, the sensitivity of bacteria was determined by measuring the diameter of the growth inhibition zone. Based on the results, out of 60 Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, 67% of isolates were beta-lactamase producers, respectively. All isolates of Staphylococcus aureus showed sensitivity to Myristica fragrans extract, and the average of minimum growth inhibition concentration to beta-lactamase-producing Staphylococcus aureus was 10 mg/ml. Due to increasing antibiotic resistance, it seems that Myristica fragrans extract can be used against beta-lactam-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains in controlling infections, and in this regard, isolation and identification of the effective substances of the plant extract it is suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Investigating the Antimicrobial Activity of Peperin Isolated from Black Pepper on Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated from the Throat and Nose
Saeide Saeidi Mehdi Jahantigh Razvane Behzad Mehr Zahra BeigomiDue to the increasing resistance of pathogenic bacteria to common antibiotics, researchers are looking for antimicrobial agents of plant origin as alternative drugs. The aim of this study is to investigate the antimicrobial activity of peperin isolated from black pepper MoreDue to the increasing resistance of pathogenic bacteria to common antibiotics, researchers are looking for antimicrobial agents of plant origin as alternative drugs. The aim of this study is to investigate the antimicrobial activity of peperin isolated from black pepper on Staphylococcus aureus isolated from the nose and throat. Sampling was done from the pharynx and nose of the patients and 9 strains of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated and purified. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum lethal concentration (MBC) in six concentrations were evaluated by dilution method in liquid medium on the determined bacteria. The results of this study showed that the lowest inhibitory concentration was equal to 8 μg/ml, which inhibited one strain, while the highest concentration was 512 μg/mg, which inhibited one strain. Staphylococcus aureus isolated the most It was resistant to trimethoprim (88.8%), ampicillin (77.7%), tetracycline (77.7%), erythromycin (66.6%) and ceftazidime (22.2%). The results of this study showed that piperine present in black pepper has a very strong inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus bacteria isolated from the nose and throat. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Profile of erythromycin resistance genes ermA, B, C and msrA in Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from Ahvaz hospitals
Zahra Noormohammadi Zahra Noormohammadi Shohre Zare Karizi sahar honarmand jahromiStaphylococcus aureus is currently one of the main causes of nosocomial. The present study aimed to evaluate erythromycin resistant genes in Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from clinical samples obtained from hospitals. In this study, 100 patients with positive S MoreStaphylococcus aureus is currently one of the main causes of nosocomial. The present study aimed to evaluate erythromycin resistant genes in Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from clinical samples obtained from hospitals. In this study, 100 patients with positive S. aureus in clinical samples were collected from hospitals in Ahvaz. Resistance to antibiotics erythromycin, tetracycline, penicillin and clindamycin using antibiogram disks on all samples of blood, urine, sputum and trachea was tested. The presence of four genes involved in antibiotic resistance, namely ermA, ermB, ermC and msrA were determined by PCR in genome and plasmid. Also 21 samples with positive ermC gene were sequenced for evaluation of genetic variation. Molecular analysis showed that 64 samples were resistant to erythromycin while 87.5%, 93.8%, 92.2% and 70.3% of samples were positive in ermA, ermB, ermC and msrA respectively and 25 samples were susceptible to erythromycin including % 88 ermA, 92 % ermB, 100% ermC and 48% msrA with P value of: 0.23, 0.66, 0.31 and 0.83 showed no significant differences between susceptible and resistance to erythromycin samples. The presence of erm genes in erythromycin susceptible samples may be due to mutations in promoters or coding regions of genes which may inhibit their functions. Also the results of sequencing of ermC gene proved presence of this gene on plasmids. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Effect of silver nanoparticles on surface hydrophobicity and biofilm formation in Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli
alireza Farazandeh Fatemeh Noorbakhsh Sahar Honarmand JahromiIntroduction: Biofilms are microbial aggregates that adhere to a substrate as a surface and are surrounded by an exopolysaccharide matrix. The bacteria that make up biofilms are so resistant to antimicrobials and antibiotics that this has led to concerns in the medical MoreIntroduction: Biofilms are microbial aggregates that adhere to a substrate as a surface and are surrounded by an exopolysaccharide matrix. The bacteria that make up biofilms are so resistant to antimicrobials and antibiotics that this has led to concerns in the medical community.The aim of this study was effect of silver nanoparticles on surface hydrophobicity and biofilm formation in Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. Methods: This study was performed on 40 bacterial strains including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from Milad Hospital in Tehran. The strains were identified by biochemical tests. Also, biofilm formation by microtiter plate method, surface hydrophobicity by MATH method and sensitivity of strains to silver nanoparticles were evaluated.Results: According to the results obtained in this study, all strains were able to form biofilms and no strains with negative biofilms were observed in the study. The highest effect of silver nanoparticles in this study was observed on strains at concentrations of 0.5, 1 and 2 μg / ml. Also, only 20% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains in this study were observed with moderate hydrophobicity and the others of the bacteria were weakly hydrophobic.Conclusion: silver nanoparticles in low concentrations with the effect of low toxicity had the ability to inhibit the biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii. Hydrophobicity in the studied bacteria were weak. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - In silico study to Identify New Inhibitors of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) Sortase A
hassan sahebjamee Mehr Ali Mahmood JanlouIntroduction: Inhibition of key enzymes in bacteria that exert low evolutionary pressure can be a drug development strategy for bacterial antibiotic resistance. Sortase A (Srt A) is a transpeptidase that is widely used in site-specific protein modification. This enzyme MoreIntroduction: Inhibition of key enzymes in bacteria that exert low evolutionary pressure can be a drug development strategy for bacterial antibiotic resistance. Sortase A (Srt A) is a transpeptidase that is widely used in site-specific protein modification. This enzyme has a key function in the interactions between Staphylococcus aureus and the host and has been considered a promising target for the drug development of resistant bacteria. To date, some Srt A inhibitors have been discovered most of them are derived from flavonoid compounds, like myricetin. Aim: Since computational methods for monitoring the behavior of biomolecules at the microscopic level are more accurate and cost-effective, therefore, in this research, our goal is to use computational methods to find similar molecules but with higher binding and inhibitory effect than myricetin. Materials and Methods: In this study, we used computational methods such as structure-based virtual screening, molecular docking, MM-PBSA approach, and MD simulation. A molecular docking approach was used to understand protein-ligand interactions and inhibition constants in terms of affinity. MD simulation technique was used to monitor the conformational changes of Srt A enzyme. After the MD simulation studies, the MM-PBSA approach was used to interpret the binding free energy. Results: First, Chemspider's chemical library was screened by the "Similarity search" method, in which myricetin was placed as a reference molecule. The second stage of screening was done using PyRx software, so that the top 10 compounds were carefully selected based on their inhibitory potential from the set of ligands obtained from the previous stage. These compounds were subjected to Autodock4.2 for molecular docking. As a result, it was observed that compound-73945561 has a higher inhibitory effect than myrsteine. To investigate the stability and efficiency of ligand binding mode, free Srt A, its complexes with myrsteine and the best selected compound were subjected to 50s molecular dynamics simulation. MD simulation results showed that compound-73945561 had better binding profiles and interactions than myrsteine as a reference inhibitor, and steadily unstable behavior was observed in the docking complex. Conclusion: Overall, compound-73945561 may serve as a new inhibitor or provide a scaffold for further optimization toward the design of more potent SortA inhibitors. The development of such inhibitors would be an essential strategy against resistant bacteria. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Effect of Foeniculum vulgare seed essential oil on the Staphylococcus aureus in minced Cyprinus carpio
S. Bahrami E. Alizadeh Doughikollaee M. Shahriari moghadamAntimicrobial properties of medicinal plants essential oil increased its application as a natural preservative in foods. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Foeniculum­ vulgare seed essential oil on the quality of minced Cyprinus carpio inoculated MoreAntimicrobial properties of medicinal plants essential oil increased its application as a natural preservative in foods. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Foeniculum­ vulgare seed essential oil on the quality of minced Cyprinus carpio inoculated (103 CFU/g) with Staphylococcus aureus during refrigerated (4˚C) storage. The essential oil was extracted using Clevenger apparatus with water distillation method and concentrations of 4, 6 and 8 µl/g were added to the Cyprinus carpiomeat inoculated with S. aureus. Microbial [S. aureus count, total viable count (TVC) and psychrophilic bacteria count (PTC)], chemical parameters [pH, Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) and Total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N)] were measured at 24, 72, 144, 216 and 218 hours. According to the results, in control samples the number of S. aureus increased during the storage period; however, S. aureus population in the sample groups treated with different concentrations of essential oil was decreased. The lowest count of TVC and PTC were observed in the mince containing 8 µl/g of essential oil. Significant differences (p>0.05) were observed between the pH value of control and treatments. The TBA and TVB-N values of treatments increased during storage but it was lower in essential-containing samples.The fillets containing 6 µl/g of essential oil had a better sensory quality.It was concluded that F.­ vulgare seed essential oil have antioxidant and antibacterial properties and increased the shelf life of minced C. carpio during refrigerated storage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Antimicrobial activity of Zataria multiflora boiss. essential oil on Staphylococcus aureus isolated from raw milk
R. Narenji Sani A. Jebelli javan B. Roozbahan H. Staji H.R. MohammadiEnterotoxin-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus can cause food poisoning through the consumption of contaminated dairy products. Essential oil (EO) of Zataria multiflora Bioss. contains components with antibacterial and antifungal properties. The present study wa MoreEnterotoxin-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus can cause food poisoning through the consumption of contaminated dairy products. Essential oil (EO) of Zataria multiflora Bioss. contains components with antibacterial and antifungal properties. The present study was conducted to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Z. multiflora Boiss. EO on S. aureus isolated from raw milk. Extraction and gas isolation of the EO was provided and analyzed by Chromatography/mass spectrometry. A total of 84 samples of raw milk from a dairy farm in Semnan were analyzed for the presence of S. aureus. Fourteen S. aureus strains were isolated from raw milk. The chemical composition of hydrodistilled EO of Z. multiflora Boiss was analyzed by Chromatography/mass spectrometry. A total of 25 compounds representing 98.59% of the oil were identified: carvacrol (50.53%), thymol (14.7%), p-cymene (7.9%), Carvacryl acetate (3.85%) and Trans-caryophyllene (3.4%). The MIC of Z. multiflora Boiss. Using broth microdilution method, MIC of EO on all of the S. aureus isolates was estimated at 0.0001-0.004. Based on results, the EO ofZ. multiflora Boiss possesses antibacterial activity on S. aureus isolated from raw milk. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Effect of cold atmospheric plasma on growth and biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from mastitic bovine milk
F. Jahandideh J. Shayegh S. HosseinzadehStaphylococcus aureus is one of the most important pathogenic bacteria in the dairy products industry that is capable of biofilm formation. Biofilm formation by these bacteria has been led to resistance to antimicrobial agents. Inactivation of microorganisms using cold MoreStaphylococcus aureus is one of the most important pathogenic bacteria in the dairy products industry that is capable of biofilm formation. Biofilm formation by these bacteria has been led to resistance to antimicrobial agents. Inactivation of microorganisms using cold atmospheric plasma is one of the new approaches in the food industry. In this study, to evaluate the antibacterial and anti-biofilm effect of cold atmospheric plasma, a dielectric barrier discharge system was used. Twenty isolates of S. aureus from clinical bovine mastitis milk were exposed to plasma from 5 to 20 Sec and their antibacterial activity was estimated by recording the growth zone of inhibition. Plasma treatment was performed punctually for 5 Sec to assess the possible effects of plasma treatment on bacterial biofilm-formation activity after 24 h. The results show that a remarkable reduction in the growth of bacteria by increasing the flow of plasma. Moreover, statistical analysis of the ELISA reader results showed that the exposure of the isolates to plasma, significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the biofilm formation. These results suggest that plasma can be a suitable alternative method for thermal sterilization techniques. However, its application requires further studies to determine the severity and duration of exposure of microorganisms to plasma. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Effect of probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus acidophilus on the survival of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in lactic cheese and its qualitative characteristics
R. farahi ashtiani SH. ShekarForoush H.R. Gheisari S. Basiri M.H. EskandariSome probiotic microorganisms can prevent the growth of pathogenic microorganisms in addition to improve the intestinal microbial balance. In this study, the qualitative characteristics and viability of two foodborne pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus and Escher MoreSome probiotic microorganisms can prevent the growth of pathogenic microorganisms in addition to improve the intestinal microbial balance. In this study, the qualitative characteristics and viability of two foodborne pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli) lactic cheese were investigated. For this purpose, in the first stage, four types of lactic cheese (60 samples) were produced as probiotics (containing Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus acidophilus) and non-probiotic with 3 and 4.5% fat milk in three replicates, and the quality parameters were evaluated at days 0, 14, 28, 42 and 56. Then, 12 types of lactic cheeses [(probiotic/non-probiotic) fat percentage (3 and 4.5%) and pathogenic microorganisms (absence, presence of Staphylococcus aureus or Escherichia coli)] (180 samples) were prepared and the viability of pathogenic microorganisms in the presence of probiotic was evaluated on days 0, 7, 14, 28 and 35. The addition of probiotics to lactic cheese significantly reduced fatty acid oxidation and increased acidity and volatile nitrogen compounds (P < 0.05). The addition of probiotics to high-fat cheeses increased non-protein nitrogen compounds but decreased in low-fat cheeses. The addition of probiotic to lactic cheese significantly reduced the growth of S. aureus and E. coli (P < 0.05). Increasing fat percent did not show a significant effect on bacterial growth inhibition by probiotics (P < 0.05). Due to the effects of adding probiotics on decreasing the pathogenic bacterial growth and not significantly altering the sensory properties of lactic cheese, it is recommended to use these probiotics in the production of low-fat lactic cheese. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Polymorphism of aroA gene in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from milk and cheese in the city of Tabriz
A. Hosinkhani A.R. Monadi J. ShayeghDue to the pathogenicity of Staphylococcus aureus and its presence in dairy products and the importance of its transmission through dairy products, this study aimed to analyze the aroA gene in S. aureus isolated from cow milk and tradi MoreDue to the pathogenicity of Staphylococcus aureus and its presence in dairy products and the importance of its transmission through dairy products, this study aimed to analyze the aroA gene in S. aureus isolated from cow milk and traditional cheese. For this purpose, 40 S. aureus isolates including 14 traditional cheese isolates, 19 cow milk isolates, and 7 domestic water buffalo milk isolates were assayed by the PCR-RFLP technique. After amplification of the coagulase gene with specific primers, enzyme restriction was performed using the TaqI enzyme. The amplification of aroA produced an 1153 bp band. Digestion of this band with TaqI enzyme showed 3 different cutting patterns. The first pattern consisted of three bands, the second pattern had two bands, and the third pattern consisted of four bands. 29 S. aureus isolates (out of 40) held the highest number containing the aroA gene with the three-band pattern, 9 samples with the two-band pattern, and 2 samples with the 4-band pattern. Since the method is unable to distinguish between strains with different food origins, it should be replaced by complementary methods. The results indicated the need to pay more attention to health points in the preparation of dairy foods and also more attention of local veterinarians in dealing with this pathogen and choosing the appropriate treatment approach for it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Determining the microbial and chemical characteristics of shrimps supplied in Abadan city
Mohammad Narimisa Ebrahim RahimiShrimp is one of the most popular sources of marine protein worldwide. Due to its high nutritional and economic value, this aquatic product is a major export product in many countries. The shrimp industry includes a significant percentage of all aquaculture products. Co MoreShrimp is one of the most popular sources of marine protein worldwide. Due to its high nutritional and economic value, this aquatic product is a major export product in many countries. The shrimp industry includes a significant percentage of all aquaculture products. Contamination of shrimp with pathogenic microorganisms can endanger the health of the consumers. In this regard, the aim of this study is to determine the microbial and chemical characteristics of shrimps supplied in Abadan city. A total of 100 shrimp samples were taken from Abadan city in a simple random manner and transferred to the specialized food hygiene laboratory of Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord branch, in an ice flask and under sterile conditions and microbial tests included Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella as well as total count and TVN test were performed on the shrimp samples. The results showed that the contamination rate with S. aureus, Salmonella, and E. coli was 14%, 7%, and 2%, respectively. The total count, TVN, and coliform contamination were within the acceptable range. Due to the high importance of E. coli and Salmonella pathogenic microorganisms, it is necessary to monitor closely and as many regulatory institutions as possible to reduce the pollution load. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Investigation of antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of biosurfactants derived from Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus pentosus and Lactobacillus casei
Behzad Akbarzadeh Najar Peiman Ariaii Mahro Esmaeili Roya BagheriBiosurfactants are amphipathic compounds that are produced by many microorganisms and show a wide range of biological activities due to their unique characteristics. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of the biosurfactants isolated MoreBiosurfactants are amphipathic compounds that are produced by many microorganisms and show a wide range of biological activities due to their unique characteristics. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of the biosurfactants isolated from Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus pentosus, and Lactobacillus casei. The antioxidant activity of biosurfactant was evaluated in vitro conditions using the ability to inhibit 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl free radicals and antimicrobial activities using the diffusion method in agar wells against pathogenic bacteria. The results showed that the inhibitory activity of DPPH and hydroxyl of biosurfactants at a concentration of 5 mg/ml was 78.51-81.99% and 69.51-71.56%, respectively, and the highest antioxidant activity was related to Lactobacillus plantarum (P<0.05). The results of inhibiting microbial growth showed that all biosurfactants had high antimicrobial activity and the antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (gram-positive) was higher than other bacteria (gram-negative). No significant difference was observed among different biosurfactants. It seems that biosurfactants obtained from lactobacilli can be used as natural antioxidants and antimicrobials in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Study of antimicrobial effect of nisin and alcoholic extract of garlic on the activity of staphylococcus aureus ATCC 1113 in Tilapia minced meat during storage at 4 °C
S. Pishadast M. Rahnama M. Alipour Eskandani D. Saadati A. Noori Jangi M. HeidarzadiStaphylococcus aureus beyond the cause of food poisoning, can cause wide spectrum of infections in human and is a serious threat in food industry. This study was conducted to evaluate antibacterial effect of alcoholic extract of garlic (Allium sativum) alone and in comb MoreStaphylococcus aureus beyond the cause of food poisoning, can cause wide spectrum of infections in human and is a serious threat in food industry. This study was conducted to evaluate antibacterial effect of alcoholic extract of garlic (Allium sativum) alone and in combination with nisin on inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus in minced meat of the tilapia fish. Garlic Extract was prepared by vacuum evaporation method using the rotary device. The effects of different concentrations of garlic alcoholic extract (0, 1, 2.5, 3.5, 5%) and nisin (0, 0.5 and 2.5 μg / g) and the combinations of nisin (micrograms per gram) and Extract (%) (0.25+3.5), (0.25+5), (0.5+1), (0.5+2.5), (2.5+1), (2.5+2.5) were studied on the growth of the S. aureus at 4 ° C for 21 days. The results showed that the bacterial growth was stopped at 3.5% and 5% concentrations of garlic extract from days 12 and 9 respectively, and It was stopped at 0.5, 2.5 μg/g of nisin from days 9 and 6 respectively. Low concentrations of garlic extract (1 and 2.5%) did not inhibit the growth of bacteria. Combined treatments of extract and nisin were able to stop bacterial growth from day 6 onwards. According to this study, garlic extract and nisin have inhibitory effect on growth of bacteria and they are introduced as a natural preservative of food instead of chemical preservative. This research approved the synergistic effect of nisin and alcoholic extract on the inhibition of the S. aureus growth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Detection of classical enterotoxins of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from chicken nugget and ready to eat foods in Esfahan province by ELISA technique
هاجر madahi فاطمه Rostami ابراهیم Rahimi فرهاد Safarpoor Dehkordi محمد JalaliThis study was conducted to detect the classical enterotoxins of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from chicken nugget and ready-to-eat foods in Esfahan province by ELISA technique. During summer 2012, a total number of 420 chicken nuggets was collected randomly from retai MoreThis study was conducted to detect the classical enterotoxins of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from chicken nugget and ready-to-eat foods in Esfahan province by ELISA technique. During summer 2012, a total number of 420 chicken nuggets was collected randomly from retails of Esfahan province. The samples were subjected to bacteriological examinations. The isolates were analyzed for the production of enterotoxins using ELISA techniques. The ability to synthesize Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) was determined in 20 of 24 (83.3%) isolates, which SEA was the most common (40%) enterotoxin found in the isolates. Afterwards, SEC (15%) and SED (10%) were the most detected enterotoxins. Amongst, three strains were able to synthesize both of the SEA and SED and three isolates were able to synthesize both of SEA and SEC. However, no isolate was able to produced SEE. Results showed that chicken nugget and ready-to-eat foods can potentially be a source of staphylococcal food poisoning. Therefore, it is important to study the prevalence of enterotoxigenic S. aureus in the other food types. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Prevalence and antibiotics susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus in traditional Kouzeh cheese at Saqqez retails
سیما Khalifezadeh M.H Sadeghi zali M.R Nahaee Staphylococcus aureus is proposed as the third important foodborne organism worldwide. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of in traditional Kouzeh cheese at Saqqez retails and to determine the antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates. More Staphylococcus aureus is proposed as the third important foodborne organism worldwide. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of in traditional Kouzeh cheese at Saqqez retails and to determine the antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates. For this purpose, 100 Kouzeh cheese were collected from different parts of Saqqez. The samples were analyzed for the presence of S. aureus using conventional culture techniques. Afterwards, the pattern of antibiotic resistance of the isolates was investigated against 12 antibiotics using the disk diffusion’s method. According to the results, S. aureus was detected in 41 samples (41%). Amongst, only one of the isolates was found sensitive to all of the 12 antibiotics. In contrast, one of the isolates showed resistance to 9 antibiotics. Other isolates demonstrated various degrees of resistance (2 to 8 antibiotics). Regarding the high prevalence rate of contamination in Kouzeh cheese, application of efficient heat treatments of cheese-milk together with the and maintaining the hygiene conditions during cheese preparation is essential. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Antimicrobial effects of edible gluten films incorporated with vanillin
اعظم Aarabi حسن EbSadi-Dehaghani صدف Saiedi This research aimed to evaluate the antibacterial effect of vanillin on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus using agar diffusion technique. For this reason, edible films were manufactured from wheat gluten containing 0.5%, 1%, 2% and 4% w/w. The inhi More This research aimed to evaluate the antibacterial effect of vanillin on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus using agar diffusion technique. For this reason, edible films were manufactured from wheat gluten containing 0.5%, 1%, 2% and 4% w/w. The inhibitory effect of the films was assessed based on the surface area of inhibition zone. According to the results, 0.5% of vanillin had no inhibitory effect neither on E. coli nor S. aureus. However, vanillin concentrations higher than 1% could have antibacterial effect on E. coli and S. aureus. Results revealed that with the increasing of vanillin concentration, the surface area of inhibition zone was increased. Moreover, the increasing of vanillin concentration could lead to an increase in the extensibility and elongation of the gluten film. Interpenetrating network cross-linking mechanisms might account for the Schiff base reaction between gluten and vanillin. Although significantly different inhibitory effect was observed between E. coli and S. aureus, the vanillin films were effective on both bacteria. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Effect of different concentrations of sodium chloride on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes in salted Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) fish fillets
نسرین Choobkar افشین آ Akhondzadeh Basti مهدی Soltani A.A Sari A.M Emami Rad منصوره Ghaeni لاله RoomianiSalting of fish is a traditional method for fish preservation which reduces corruption, increase shelf life and is used in order to have an access to the new markets. In some countries, consuming semi-cooked or raw salted and smoked fish is well-liked. Due to the presen MoreSalting of fish is a traditional method for fish preservation which reduces corruption, increase shelf life and is used in order to have an access to the new markets. In some countries, consuming semi-cooked or raw salted and smoked fish is well-liked. Due to the presence of halophilic microorganisms in salted fish, occurrence of food-borne infections is probable. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of NaCl on Staphlococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes in salted silver carp. Effect of different concentrations of NaCl (4, 8, 12 %) on behavior of Staphlococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes in 10˚C during 3 weeks (0, 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21 days) was determined by evaluation of the bacterial growth in salted fish fillets. Statistical analysis showed that application of different concentrations of NaCl had significant inhibitory effect on the growth of S. aureus and L.monocytogenes in salted fish fillets compared to control group (p<0/05). This study indicated that application of NaCl without any complementary element is not considered as a good preservative for extending the salted fish shelf-life. Consequently using of other natural preservatives along with salting is suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus in raw milks of Saqez
M.T Farajpour M.H Sadeghi zali مهدی GhiamiradStaphylococcus aureus is considered as a major foodborne pathogen worldwide which can contaminate milk either through mastitis or unsuitable processing conditions. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of S. aureus in raw milk of Saqez as well as to asse MoreStaphylococcus aureus is considered as a major foodborne pathogen worldwide which can contaminate milk either through mastitis or unsuitable processing conditions. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of S. aureus in raw milk of Saqez as well as to assess the antibiotic susceptibility profiles of the isolates. For this reason, 100 raw milk samples were obtained across Saqez. Presence of S. aureus was determined using conventional culture method; moreover, the antibiotic resistance pattern of the isolates was studied by disc diffusion method. Results indicated that 51 samples were contaminated by S. aureus. Amongst, 19 (37.25%) were resistant to at least 1 antibiotic, 19 (37.25%) to 2 antibiotics, 3 (5.88%) to 3 antibiotics, 5 (9.80%) to 4 antibiotics, 3 (5.88%) to 5 antibiotics, 1 (1.98%) to 6 antibiotic and 1 (1.98%) isolate was found resistant to 8 antibiotics. Results revealed a high prevalence rate of S. aureus in raw milks and also the board antibiotic resistance of the isolates Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Isolation, identification and the presence of enterotoxin A gene in Staphylococcus aureus from meat products
مهسا Sepidarkish مسعود Ghane Staphylococcus aureus is one of the main causes of food-born illnesses. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of S. aureus in meat products and to detect the presence of S. aureus enterotoxin A (SEA) gene. Totally 150 meat products were coll More Staphylococcus aureus is one of the main causes of food-born illnesses. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of S. aureus in meat products and to detect the presence of S. aureus enterotoxin A (SEA) gene. Totally 150 meat products were collected and analyzed using standard culture techniques to detect S. aureus. PCR assay by specific primers was performed on the isolates to identify SEA gene. According to the results, 19 (12.6%) of the samples were found positive for S. aureus. Highest prevalence rate was determined in smoked fish (30%), followed by fried morsels (16.6%), Salami and Ham (13.3%), and Shensel chicken (3.3%). S. aureus was not observed in any of Sausage samples. Statistical analysis showed that there is statistically significance association between the prevalence of S. aureus and meat products. Moreover, results did not show SEA gene in any of the isolates. This study concluded a remarkable occurrence of S. aureus in meat products. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Antibacterial properties of Kurdistan Gundelia tournefortii ethanolic extract against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli
B. Ayoubi S. Darvishi F. MirahmadiDue to the ever-increasing of antibiotic-resistance microorganisms and the tendency towards the application of natural preservatives, in the present study the ethanolic extract of stalk portion of Kurdistan Gundelia tournefertti L. was extracted in rotary evaporat MoreDue to the ever-increasing of antibiotic-resistance microorganisms and the tendency towards the application of natural preservatives, in the present study the ethanolic extract of stalk portion of Kurdistan Gundelia tournefertti L. was extracted in rotary evaporator. The antibacterial effect (MIC and MBC) of the extract was investigated against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. using agar dilution assay on Muller-Hinton agar. The experiment was conducted with 3 replicates and probity analysis of the data was analyzed using SAS 9.2 software.Result showed that both MIC and MBC for S. aureus was62.5 µg/ml. Moreover, the MBC and MIC values for E. coli were estimated at 31.25 µg/ml and 15.62 µg/ml, respectively.Since ethanolic extract of G. tournefertti was highly effectiveon indicator bacteria,it can be used in combination with the other preservatives to protect foods from foodborne organisms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Biotyping of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from milk and milk products in Tabriz city
جلال Shayegh S.G MahdilooKnowledge about phenotypic features of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from milk and their products is very limited in Tabriz region. The aim of this study was to determine the biotypes of S. aureus. For this purpose, 48 S. aureus strains which were previously isolated f MoreKnowledge about phenotypic features of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from milk and their products is very limited in Tabriz region. The aim of this study was to determine the biotypes of S. aureus. For this purpose, 48 S. aureus strains which were previously isolated from cow raw milk (24), traditional cheese (12) and ice cream (12) in Tabriz region were considered. Biotyping was carried out by means of Staphylokinase production, β-hemolysis, coagulation of cow plasma and crystal violates reaction. Among 48 isolates, 23 and 2 strains were belonged to the human and ovine ecovars, respectively. The rest of the isolates were identified as non-host specific ecovars. Regarding the high prevalence rate of human ecovars in this study, it seems that these ecovars may have been transmitted to these products via human handling. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Antibiotic resistance pattern and presence of biofilm producing ica operon virulence genes in coagulase positive Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis in East Azerbaijan province
Saeed Salehi Younes Anzabi kaveh Amir aliStaphylococcal mastitis is one of the most important diseases in industrial livestock and Staphylococci capable of producing biofilm, micro and macro abscesses, are considered to be the cause of malignant mastitis which result in culling of dairy cattle. The ability of MoreStaphylococcal mastitis is one of the most important diseases in industrial livestock and Staphylococci capable of producing biofilm, micro and macro abscesses, are considered to be the cause of malignant mastitis which result in culling of dairy cattle. The ability of these bacteria to produce biofilm depends on the presence of ica operon genes (icaA, icaB, icaC, icaD and icaR) and also some environmental factors. In the present study, the pattern of antibiotic resistance and the presence of operon ica virulence genes in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis was investigated. According to the findings of microbiological and simplex PCR tests, it was determined that in the farms tested in East Azerbaijan province, Staphylococcal mastitis has a relatively high prevalence and among the relevant isolates, a relatively high percentage of them contain a variety of operon ica virulence genes that encode the ability to produce biofilm. Also, the results of antibiotic susceptibility testing performed on these isolates showed that they were more resistant to most of the antibiotics tested. Due to the high presence of ica operon genes, especially genes such as icaA and icaD, which result in production of stronger and excessive biofilm as well as increased resistance to various antibiotics, the results of the present study therefore indicate an unfavorable prognosis regarding the success of antibiotic treatment of staphylococcal mastitis in livestock farms in the region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Evaluation of the antibacterial effects of Capsicum spp. extracts on the Multi-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains
امیر Shariati حمیدرضا Pordeli آی ناز Khademian مرجانه AydaniResistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus have now been described globally, as significant pathogens, particularly associated with skin and soft tissue infections, including abscesses, cellulitis and furunculosis. Novel antimicrobial products and new methods to combat MoreResistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus have now been described globally, as significant pathogens, particularly associated with skin and soft tissue infections, including abscesses, cellulitis and furunculosis. Novel antimicrobial products and new methods to combat this problem are urgently needed. Pepper has been used since ancient times not only for increasing the flavor of foods, but for its preservation and medical properties. This study was designed to assess the antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract of two pepper species, Capsicum annuum and Capsicum frutescens, against clinical strains of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. After the isolation of 56 strains of S. aureus from nosopharyngial of hospitalized patients, antibiotical resistance of them was determined by Kirby-Bauer method. Then fourteen multidrug-resistant strains were selected and antibacterial effects of the ethanolic extracts of two Capsicum species were evaluated by disc-diffusion method. Results showed that both extracts were effective on most of the bacteria, but Capsicum frutescens extract had approximately higher inhibition than Capsicum annuum extract, with maximum inhibition zone 12mm against strain of S. aureus that was resistant to four antibiotics including Cefixime, Tetracycline, Methicillin and Oxacillin. This study shows that peppers, like antibiotics or even better than them, have an antibacterial activity against the tested microorganisms. Also the results obtained from this study support the idea of proposing the use of Capsicum extracts as a natural antibacterial agent in the treatment of infected diseases and other diseases that are insensitive to drugs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - آلودگی باکتریایی پنیرهای سنتی شهرستان ماکو با استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس
مریم جعفرزاده مقدم فاطمه رضایی درزیکلا امیر توکمه چی -
Open Access Article
66 - Comparison of Antibacterial Effects of Chitosan and Carboxy Methyl Cellulose Hydrogels Containing Garlic Extract on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Mahdi Shahriarinour Faten Divsar Farimah Khoshabari Seyyedeh Marzieh Mirahmadi Zahra Babaei Kasmaei -
Open Access Article
67 - Investigation of Antimicrobial Activity and Properties of Hydrolyzed Indian Mackerel Waste Proteins Using Commercial Enzymes
Komail Hasani Peiman Ariayi Mohammad Ahmadi -
Open Access Article
68 - بررسی فعالیت ضد میکروبی عصاره ریشه زرشک بیدانه حاصل از استخراج توسط آب مادون بحرانی
نرگس رحیمی سید علی مرتضوی عبدالمجید مسکوکی امیرحسین الهامی راد قدیر رجب زاده -
Open Access Article
69 - Comparison of bacteria in beef meat and poultry in terms of packaging and without packaging in Gilan province
Ali Mojaddar langroodi Ali Ehsani Aiub Ebadi احسان مقدس کیاFood-borne illness is a major international public health concern and a significant cause of reduced economic growth. Contaminated food is the usual source of human infections, and poultry and beef meat are considered the major infectious route for humans. Each year, mi MoreFood-borne illness is a major international public health concern and a significant cause of reduced economic growth. Contaminated food is the usual source of human infections, and poultry and beef meat are considered the major infectious route for humans. Each year, millions of persons become ill from foodborne diseases, though many cases are not reported. To assess the microbiological quality and safety of beef and poultry meat and try to achieve the connection of its contamination with hygienic conditions of packaging and without packaging of food in this study we analyzed food borne pathogens (Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus) in Gilan province. A total number of 380 beef and poultry meat samples (with packing and without packaging) were collected and studied. Out of which 5/5 percent were founded contaminated with Salmonella 20/5 percent were founded contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus while 11/8 percent were founded contaminated with Bacillus cereus. Also 13/9 percent (beef meat) and 23/9 percent (poultry meat) were contaminated. The study confirmed the presence of Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus in beef and poultry meat. It is a potential threat to consumer health. To reduce of contamination, good hygiene practices are necessary from processing to storage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Inhibitory effect of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) essence on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Rhodotorula rubra
Fareba Bakhshi hamid mirzaii نارملا آصفیApplication of natural preservatives to protect foods from microbial spoilage and to control the occurrence of foodborne pathogens has become an important issue worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) esse MoreApplication of natural preservatives to protect foods from microbial spoilage and to control the occurrence of foodborne pathogens has become an important issue worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) essence of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Rhodotorula rubra. The basil essence was extracted by hydro-distillation using Clevenger apparatus. The components of the essence was analyzed by GC/MS. Afterwards, using micro-dilution method the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) for S. aureus, E. coli and R. rubra was estimated. Based on results, 43 various components were detected in basil essence, namely benzene (20.97%), E-citral (12.845%), Z-citral (6.137%), methyl chavicol (7.68%) and thymol (7.79%). MIC and MBC for was 0.25 mg/ml for E. coli and R. rubra, meanwhile it was estimated at 0.5 mg/ml for S. aureus. Taking into account the various components of basil essence as well as their antimicrobial properties, it was concluded that, with considering the natural properties of each food type, basil essence can be used as a food preservative.a Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Evaluation of the chemical composition,antimicrobial and antioxidant of Potentilla recta extracts
hojjat azad Tooraj MehdizadehThe use of herbs has long been common in many societies. The importance of medicinal plants, with the intensification of the therapeutic effect, is that in many cases it can also avoid the toxicity and adverse effects of medication. In this study Potentilla recta, one o MoreThe use of herbs has long been common in many societies. The importance of medicinal plants, with the intensification of the therapeutic effect, is that in many cases it can also avoid the toxicity and adverse effects of medication. In this study Potentilla recta, one of the Iran and Azerbaijan region-native medicinal plants, was studied in terms of chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant effect. After collecting, drying and milling of plants, the methanol, ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts obtained by maceration method. To identify the constituents of the extracts, gas chromatography connected tomass spectrometry was conducted. The DPPH radical scavenging method used to measure the antioxidant potential and the results was reported based on the IC50 index. After determine MIC and MBC using broth micro dilution method, agar well diffusion assay conducted to assess the antimicrobial effect of extracts. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and means were compared using Duncan test at PL.monocytogenes microbial growth inhibition zone area (p <0.05). All prepared extracts had the ability to scavenging radical 1, 1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and the highest antioxidant potency after 30 minutes related to methanol extract. Most chemical compounds in methanol, ethanol and ethylacetate extracts, were respectively: methyllinoleate and ethyllinoleate. This study showed that the methanol extract of Potentilla recta has great antibacterial and antioxidant properties and with more research can be used in various applications. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - Study on antibacterial effect of rosemary extract in combination with nisin against staphylococcus aureus in minced meat during refrigerated temperature
Zhila Ghasemi Peyman Mahasti سکینه نوری سعیدلوSynthetic preservatives have been used as food additives to extend shelf life of foods, but they are strictly regulated due to toxicological concerns and some health problems. So it is increasingly attractive to find out effective and nontoxic measures (e.g. use of natu MoreSynthetic preservatives have been used as food additives to extend shelf life of foods, but they are strictly regulated due to toxicological concerns and some health problems. So it is increasingly attractive to find out effective and nontoxic measures (e.g. use of natural antimicrobial agent) to delay microbial spoilage. Nisin is a bacteriocin that it is the only bacteriocin permitted for use in foods. And rosemary is one of the medicinal plants. In this study the effect of antibacterial property of various concentration of rosemary extract alone (3 and 4 mg/ml), and with nisin (7 µg/ml nisin + 1.5 mg/ml RE and 8 µg/ml nisin + 2 mg/ml RE) against Staphylococcus aureus in minced meat were assessed throughout 14 days of storage at 4±1˚C. Leaves and stems of rosemary after drying in the shade were soaking in pure ethanol and alcoholic extract was obtained. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of RE and nisin were determined against S. aureus using the agar dilution method. Assessment of microbial parameters (total plate count and S. aureus count) was carried out in 0, 1, 3, 7 and 14 days. The data were statistically significant (P<0.05). The results reveals that treatment with both concentrations of RE showed significantly lower microbial indexes in comparison with controls, but treatment with both preservative (nisin & RE) had better results and results were statistically significant (P<0.05). As a consequence, using of RE with nisin was better than of RE alone. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - The study of probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum on slime- producing Staphylococcus aureus
Nazila Arbab Soleimani Maryam MahdaviThe present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the antibiotic resistance pattern of Bacillus cereus in ice cream, cake, cheese, and infant formula. For this purpose, 600 samples were prepared from food sales centers in Tehran and transferred to the quality c MoreThe present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the antibiotic resistance pattern of Bacillus cereus in ice cream, cake, cheese, and infant formula. For this purpose, 600 samples were prepared from food sales centers in Tehran and transferred to the quality control laboratory of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Tehran University of Medical Sciences and cultured on the special culture medium of Bacillus cereus, MYP, which contained polymyxin B supplement and egg yolk. Then, from the pink colonies, gram staining and catalase test were performed and the sensitivity of the isolated bacteria to ampicillin, penicillin, vancomycin, cefazolin, methicillin, cefixime, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, cefepime and tetracycline was evaluated based on the disc diffusion method. According to the results, no contamination with B. cereus was observed in any of the cake, cheese and ice cream samples. However, out of 150 infant formula samples, 30 samples were infected with B. cereus (18 samples < 10 CFU/g, 7 samples had 10-102 CFU/g, and 5 samples>102 CFU/g). B. cereus isolated from infant formula has the highest sensitivity to vancomycin (67.76%), tetracycline (70%), and chloramphenicol (33.63%) antibiotics and had the highest level of resistance to penicillin (100%), cefixime antibiotics (100%) and ampicillin (67.96%). The general results indicated a significant prevalence of B. cereus in the tested milk, which due to the growing trend of using milk powder and more importance to the quality and health evaluation of milk powders for consumption, contamination investigation and preventive approaches should be given more attention. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Evaluate the inhibitory activity of ZnO nanoparticles against standard strains and isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli isolated from food samples
alireaz masiha maryam baradaran khosro isazadehThe antibacterial effect of different concentrations of zinc oxide nanoparticles on standard and isolated S. aureus and E. coli from food were studied. In this experimental study, suspension has been prepared from commercial ZnO nanoparticles in broth medium. After prep MoreThe antibacterial effect of different concentrations of zinc oxide nanoparticles on standard and isolated S. aureus and E. coli from food were studied. In this experimental study, suspension has been prepared from commercial ZnO nanoparticles in broth medium. After preparing standard strain and the strain were isolated from food samples, the effect of 1 and 2 times of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and also MBC test for ZnO nanoparticles on bacteria in different time were analyzed. According to the results obtained in this study, the maximum diameter of growth inhibition related to the concentration in5000 μg/ml zinc oxide nanoparticles for standard and isolated strain of E. coli. The average diameter of growth inhibition of standard strain of E. coli PTCC1399 and S. aureus PTCC11189 respectively were17.4 and 20.5 mm. The average diameter of the growth of E. coli and S. aureus isolated from foods respectively were 18.4 and 15.4 mm. A comparison of average MIC and MBC ZnO nanoparticles on the bacteria strains by Duncan test (p˂0.005) showed that the MBC is higher than the MIC in whole position bacteria. A ZnO nanoparticle among bacteria has most inhibition onS.aureu and for E. coli ST showed least impact. Results showed that mean comparison testis significantly different. Among times, zero time has the highest OD and the lowest OD was obtained in 240 second. This study showed that zinc oxide nanoparticles can be used to inhibit mentioned bacteria and can be a potential for alternative preservatives to prevent food spoilage possess. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Effect of washing and transportation of chicken carcasses at different temperatures from the west of Tehran to the supply site
Neda Hossein nezhad yazdi Hamed Ahari Afshin Akhondzadeh Pathogenic bacteria are responsible for a significant number of food poisoning in humans through infected Poultries. Our study was aimed to evaluate the effect of post-chilled washing process in a slaughterhouse and types of temperature dependent-transport vehicle More Pathogenic bacteria are responsible for a significant number of food poisoning in humans through infected Poultries. Our study was aimed to evaluate the effect of post-chilled washing process in a slaughterhouse and types of temperature dependent-transport vehicles on bacterial load of common food-borne pathogens; Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli of chicken carcass. One hundred and eighty fresh chicken carcasses were randomly gathered from a commercial poultry processing plant in West of Tehran After sampling in slaughterhouse, the carcass samples were taken from 3 types of vehicles, pickup, cool isolated and cool-off isolated vehicles. The mean value of the total count of whole carcasses in pickup group reached the maximum (18.63×106 ±2.82×106) and showed greater value (p<0.05) than the standard value (5×106) CFU/gr while in cool-off isolated vehicle reached the minimum (0.65×106±0.048×106) lesser in comparison to the standard. it is concluded that chicken transport by un-cooled or unusual vehicles could prepared inappropriate condition cause to integrated growth the bacteria and resulted in transmission the food borne zoonotic pathogens to humans. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - Bactericidal effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) on some foodborne pathogens in ambient and refrigerator temperature
Siavash Maktabi Mehdi Zarei Roya RostamiSodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is one of the strong alkaline sulfates germicidal which is used in health and beauty purposes. In this study, the effect of minimum bactericidal concentration of SDS on 4 major foodborne pathogens including Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi MoreSodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is one of the strong alkaline sulfates germicidal which is used in health and beauty purposes. In this study, the effect of minimum bactericidal concentration of SDS on 4 major foodborne pathogens including Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes in normal saline was studied. Different concentration of SDS was made and based on standard methods the level of MIC and MBC for all strains was measured. Then the least bactericidal concentration of SDS on viability of strains in 4 and 25°C in different time's periods was studied. MIC and MBC results showed that E. coli and S. typhimurium have a similar sensitivity to SDS; meanwhile L. monocytogenes is so sensitive to SDS among the studied strains. The rate of viability of the strains is much higher in cold condition than in ambient temperature. SDS has an effective role in reducing the population of studied bacteria in different temperatures and time. Raising the temperature increases the antibacterial effect of the SDS. Also Listeria monocytogenes is very more sensitive to SDS in comparison to other studied bacteria. So according to the results of the study, sodium dodecyl sulfate could be useful for reducing population of pathogenic bacteria especially Listeria monocytogenes on surfaces, foodstuffs and equipment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Physicochemical and Microbiological Characteristics of Traditional Yogurts Produced by Nomads in Khorasan-e-Razavi
mohamad habibi reza farimani sedigheh fazliYogurt is one of the most popular types of fermented milk almost all over the world particularly the Middle East. However, due to poor sanitary conditions of milking and storage, improper heat treatment, and secondary contamination, milk is a good media for transmission MoreYogurt is one of the most popular types of fermented milk almost all over the world particularly the Middle East. However, due to poor sanitary conditions of milking and storage, improper heat treatment, and secondary contamination, milk is a good media for transmission of a broad range of pathogens. The aim of this study was to examine health and chemical properties of artisanal yogurt produced by nomads. Samples were collected from nomadic regions in Khorasan-e-Razavi Province. The viable count of coliform, E.coli, coagulase-positive staphylococci (Staphylococcus aureus), yeast and molds, lactic acid bacteria and chemical properties (pH, acidity, fat and total solid) were determined. Most probable number (MPN) technique showed that only one yogurt sample prepared with raw milk exposed to low heat treatment (40 °C) was contaminated with 2/4 × 102 CFU/g coliform and was E. coli positive. No Staphylococcus aureus were found in all examined samples. High counts of Yeast and molds in some samples revealed unsatisfactory sanitary conditions during fermentation and post production. PH of yogurt samples was in the range of 3.8 - 4.3 and the acidity was between 1.3 – 2%. The fat content of yogurt samples was varied between 0.5 to 45%. It is concluded that above mentioned products were considered containing health risks. Authorities should pay more attention and supervision focused on improving health conditions for production of such dairy product. This survey is the first reported case about production of a yogurt with raw milk in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - The Antibacterial Activity of Lemon Juice in laboratory prepared Ice cream
سلطان محمد قاسمی هادی کوهساری ابوالفضل فدویUnpasteurized as traditional ice cream production in Iran is very common due to the increasing use of herbal compounds as inhibitors of microbial growth, this study to examine the antibacterial effects of Lemon juice against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in MoreUnpasteurized as traditional ice cream production in Iran is very common due to the increasing use of herbal compounds as inhibitors of microbial growth, this study to examine the antibacterial effects of Lemon juice against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in Ice cream prepared in the laboratory.In order to , ice creams containing concentrations of 1,2, 5,10% lemon juice was prepared .The samples were inoculated with bacterial suspension containing 105 cfu/gr . Samples with control samples were stored in the freezer - 20 and during the time of 1, 2, 3, 7, 14 and 21 days antibacterial effects of various concentrations of lemon juice was evaluated by culture-specific .The results showed that in all concentrations, significant difference was observed between the number of bacteria with the control group(P Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - Detection of staphylococcus areus and salmonella typimurium in traditional and industrial olivie salads in shahrekord city
فروغ تاج بخش Elaheh Tajbakhsh manouchehr MoumeniReady to eat foods, food products are moved through some kind of process and can be eaten without heat treatment. In this study, 50 samples of Olivier salad (30 industrial and 20 traditional) in Shahrekord, were tested for detection of Salmonella typimuriumand Staphyloc MoreReady to eat foods, food products are moved through some kind of process and can be eaten without heat treatment. In this study, 50 samples of Olivier salad (30 industrial and 20 traditional) in Shahrekord, were tested for detection of Salmonella typimuriumand Staphylococcus aureus by microbiological and molecular methods. Contamination of S. aureus and S. typhimurium was found in 46% and 34.8% of the industrial and traditional samples, respectively. Contamination of S. aureus in industrial Olivier salad was found to be 65.2% and in traditional Olivier salad was 34.8%. Contamination of Salmonella typhimuriumwas 55.6 and 44.4% in industrial and traditional olivier salad. Olivier salad's production process is manually and it is possible to be contaminated by machine and human. The ingredients may be kept under inappropriate temperature conditions for a long time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Determining the presence of virulence genes Panton Valentine leukocidin PVL and methicillin gene mecA in Staphylococcus aureus
کیومرث امینی سجاد علیزادهStaphylococcus aureus is a major cause of food poisoning in the world that is created by consumption of contaminated food. Resistance to a variety of common and specific antibiotics is increasing. Staphylococcus aureus including PVL and gene mecAto heat pasteurization a MoreStaphylococcus aureus is a major cause of food poisoning in the world that is created by consumption of contaminated food. Resistance to a variety of common and specific antibiotics is increasing. Staphylococcus aureus including PVL and gene mecAto heat pasteurization and many proteolytic enzymes are stable and can remain active for a long time in food samples. The purpose of this study was to isolate Staphylococcus aureus and identify virulence gene PVL and gene of methicillin resistance in food samples by multiplex PCR technique has been used. The study included 120 samples of various foods (dairy, confectionery, meat and vegetables) collected 40 cases (33/3%) Staphylococcus aureus isolates were detected. Antibiotic susceptibility testing by disk diffusion method according to CLSI guidelines was conducted. To identify and confirm Staphylococcus aureus virulence and resistance genes from multiple PCR assay was used. Antibiogram results showed that antibiotics are among the most sensitive to the antibiotic vancomycin, Teicoplanin and methicillin respectively 95%, 90% and 75%. Resistance to linezolid, azithromycin and methicillin respectively, 35%, 32% and 25% more than other antibiotics was tested. Prevalence of methicillin resistance gene mecAin total 57.5% and PVL gene was not detected. Also 16srRNA gene in all samples was identified genus and species and confirmed. Different distribution of methicillin resistance gene in this study with other studies showing the potential risk of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the world. Therefore, early detection and timely resistant strains, in order to prevent the spread of resistance appears to be necessary. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - Antibacterial effect of methanolic extract of Eryngium Caeruleum and Mentha Spicata on Staphylococcus aureus in a food model at 15˚C
Fatemeh Amini Hamdollah Moshtaghi Maryam AbbasvaliIn this interventional investigation, the effect of methanol extract of Eryngium Caeruleum and Mentha Spicata (5% and 10% v/w) on Staphylococcus aureus in soy cheese at 106 cfu/ml at 15˚C for a period of 15 days was studied. Methanol extract of Eryngium caeruleum and Me MoreIn this interventional investigation, the effect of methanol extract of Eryngium Caeruleum and Mentha Spicata (5% and 10% v/w) on Staphylococcus aureus in soy cheese at 106 cfu/ml at 15˚C for a period of 15 days was studied. Methanol extract of Eryngium caeruleum and Mentha Spicata was prepared by soaking dried plants in 85% methanol. Soy cheese was made through coagulating of soy milk by calcium sulfate. Results were analyzed by one-way variance, ANOVA. In 15˚C, Staphylococcus aureus was faced with reduction in both concentrations (5% and 10% v/w) of methanol extract of E. caeruleum i.e. 1 and 2 log, and in both concentrations (5% and 10% v/w) of methanol extract of M. Spicata i.e. 2 and 4 log, respectively. The antibacterial effect of 10% extract of both of the plants on Staphylococcus aureus was more than 5% extract. Generally, results suggested that Eryngium caeruleum and Mentha Spicata have antibacterial effect, on Staphylococcus aureus. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - Identification of toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 genes of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from local cheese and cows milk in Tabriz city
jalal Shayegh نسرین پورشفیع Hayedeh MobinIdentification of toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 genes of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from local cheese and cows milk in Tabriz city Staphylococcus aureus is one of important food poising bacteria. The bacterium cause this poising by produce of the different toxin. Th MoreIdentification of toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 genes of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from local cheese and cows milk in Tabriz city Staphylococcus aureus is one of important food poising bacteria. The bacterium cause this poising by produce of the different toxin. The aim of this study was determine the presence of toxic shock syndrome gene (tst) of S. aureus isolated from milk and traditional cheese. For this purpose 51 isolates included isolates of bovine milk (23), buffaloes milk (5) and traditional cheese (23) collected and were studies in tst gene by PCR. Among mentioned isolates 2(3.9%) isolates were positive for the tst genes belong to bacteria were isolated from cheese. Results of this study showed low prevalence of tsst-1 producing gene on Dairy products in mentioned area in comparison with similar study. It maybe this isolates harbored the mentioned gene in their genome transmit by worker on food industry Key words: Staphylococcus aureus, TSST-1, milk, cheese, Tabriz. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - Determination of antibiotic resistance pattern of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from the food samples by Multiplex PCR
Esmat Khoori Esmaeil Ataye Salehi Marzieh KhooriStaphylococcus aureus is able to produce several enterotoxins which can cause poisoning symptoms with different intensities through eating of contaminated food. Due to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus, the number of antibiotics avai MoreStaphylococcus aureus is able to produce several enterotoxins which can cause poisoning symptoms with different intensities through eating of contaminated food. Due to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus, the number of antibiotics available for treating these infections is reduced daily. This study aimed to isolate Staphylococcus aureus and identification of methicillin-resistant gene in food samples using PCR technique. The study included 320 samples of different foods was conducted between July of 2015 and March of 2016. The samples were randomly collected from different parts of Mashhad, were sent to the laboratory and in accordance with standard instructions were examined for the presence of Staphylococcus aureus. The antibiotic sensitivity test was done by disk diffusion according to CLSI guidelines. PCR test was used to identify and confirm the isolated Staphylococcus aureus and Virulence genes and resistance. The result showed that 53 samples (16.6%) of the 320 samples were contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus. Antibiogram results showed that the most sensitivity and the most resistance to the antibiotic are for tobramycin antibiotics 100% tetracycline (15.09%) respectively. isolates 9 (16.98%) isolates of the 53 were resistant to methicillin in disk diffusion and 5 (9.5%) isolates had mecA resistance gene in PCR test. Due to high levels of Staphylococcus aureus food contamination the production and distribution of foods must be healthy controlled in order to prevent contamination and transmission of resistant strains of these microbes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Determination of chemical composition and minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of Mentha spicata L. essential oil against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli
katayoon Mokhayeri Hadi Khohsari Seyyede Zahra Seyyed AlangiMentha spicata L. (Peppermint) is a widely used medicinal herb that also as a commonly herb spice has used in the food industry.This study carried out to evaluating of chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oil of Mentha spicata L. (Peppermint) MoreMentha spicata L. (Peppermint) is a widely used medicinal herb that also as a commonly herb spice has used in the food industry.This study carried out to evaluating of chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oil of Mentha spicata L. (Peppermint) against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.Essential oil of the herb leafs was extracted by Clevenger apparatus. Chemical composition of essential oil was identified with a Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry system and then Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of this essential oil were determined using micro-dilution broth method in microplate 96 pits. A total of 33 chemical constituents were identified which contained 98.5% the total of essential oil compounds. The most important components of this essential oil were: carvone (%28.35), menthol (%14.35), methylene (%14.059) and limonene (%9.303). MIC and MBC of essential oil of this herb against the S. aureus 25 and 25 µg/ml and against the E.coli was 50 and 100 µg/ml respectively. Due to antibacterial compounds of essential oil of this plant, it can be used as a natural preservative in food. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - Study the prevalence rate and antibiotic resistance pattern of the Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from different types of vegetables and salads in Chaharmahal VA Bakhtiari province in Spring, 2017
Manouchehr Momeni shahraki Amir Shakerian Ebrahim RahimiStaphylococcus aureus is one of the main causative agents of food poisoning in human. Occurrence of severe antibiotic resistances has increased the importance of this bacterium. The present study was carried out to assess the prevalence rate and antibiotic resistance pa MoreStaphylococcus aureus is one of the main causative agents of food poisoning in human. Occurrence of severe antibiotic resistances has increased the importance of this bacterium. The present study was carried out to assess the prevalence rate and antibiotic resistance pattern of S. aureus strains isolated from vegetable and salad samples in Chaharmahal Va Bakhtiari Province. In this study, 485 samples of vegetable and salad were collected and immediately transferred to the laboratory. Samples were evaluated by microbial culture and the isolated S. aureus strains were analyzed for the antibiotic resistance pattern using the disk diffusion method. The prevalence rate of S. aureus in vegetable and salad samples were 16% and 11.91%, respectively. The highest (26.50%) and the lowest (6.72%) contamination rates were observed in Lordegan and Shahrekord cities. A Significant statistical difference was observed for the prevalence of S. aureus between vegetable and salad samples (P<0.05). S. aureus strains isolated from vegetable and salad samples had the highest prevalence of resistance against penicillin (95.58%), tetracycline (88.23%), ampicillin (79.41%), erythromycin (72.05%) and methicillin (70.58%) antibiotics. The lowest prevalence of antibiotic resistance was reported against imipenem (7.35%), chloramphenicol (22.05%), cotrimoxazol (26.47%) and co-amxiclave (29.41%). Judicious prescription of antibiotics according to the results of the disk diffusion method can reduce the risk of resistant S. aureus in vegetable and salad. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - Frequency of toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 in Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from mastitis milks in Iran, a systematic review and meta-analysis
Maryam Karimi Dehkordi Forogh MohammadiThere are a variety of studies on the prevalence of TSST-1 in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from various food sources, which largely examined the frequency of this toxin. In order to obtain a better outlook for TSST-1 prevalence, this study aimed to determine the preva MoreThere are a variety of studies on the prevalence of TSST-1 in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from various food sources, which largely examined the frequency of this toxin. In order to obtain a better outlook for TSST-1 prevalence, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of S. aureus carrying TSST-1 toxin in contaminated milk in livestock infected with mastitis in Iran using a systematic and meta-analysis study. All articles published in Iranian journals were reviewed using standard and sensitive keywords between January 2000 and January 2018. All published articles in this field which had criteria for entering in this study were undergoing the meta-analysis process using a randomized model after qualitative control. Based on the 6 reviewed articles, the cumulative frequency of TSST-1 in S. aureus strains obtained from lactating mice with an infection of 8.2% mastitisr was estimated (95% CI: 2.6 to 23.2). There was a significant variation among the six studies (χ2 = 43.302; P Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - Effect of nisin on microbial quality of farmed great sturgeon Huso huso in refrigerator and freezing temperatures
محمدرضا قمی مسعود Ghane مینا Eghbali مهدی NikooEffect of nisin on microbial quality of farmed great sturgeon Huso huso in refrigerator and freezing temperatures In this study the effects of nisin (a biotic preservative) (0, 0.2 and 0.4%) on the microbiological quality of farmed great sturgeon (H. huso) slices inocu MoreEffect of nisin on microbial quality of farmed great sturgeon Huso huso in refrigerator and freezing temperatures In this study the effects of nisin (a biotic preservative) (0, 0.2 and 0.4%) on the microbiological quality of farmed great sturgeon (H. huso) slices inoculated by Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli (8 log cfu/ml) during storage (4 and -18 °C) for 10 days was determined. The counts of S. aureus did not change significantly after ten days of storage (P> 0.05) and in other words, it was not affected from different concentrations of nisin and storage temperatures. Frozen samples treated by nisin showed lower counts of E. coli. Nisin at both concentrations had the same effects on reducing the counts of both bacteria. The positive effects of such a low-risk biological preservative in studied food product appearing to reduce the microbial load, therefor its usage in preservation of food is industrially preferable rather than other chemical preservatives. Keywords: Nisin, Storage temperature, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Farmed beluga. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - Prevalence and antibiotic resistance profile of enterotoxin-producing S. aureus isolated from creamy pastries
Zahra Hashemi Mojtaba Bonyadian Hamdallah MoshtaghiThe present study aimed to determine the prevalence of enterotoxin-producing S.aureus in creamy pastries presented in confectionery in Shahrekord and to determine their antibiotic resistance. One hundred fifty samples were randomly selected from creamy pastries. Microbi MoreThe present study aimed to determine the prevalence of enterotoxin-producing S.aureus in creamy pastries presented in confectionery in Shahrekord and to determine their antibiotic resistance. One hundred fifty samples were randomly selected from creamy pastries. Microbial tests for isolation of S. aureus were performed by culturing in a nutrient broth and then cultured on a Beards Parker agar and suspected colonies were confirmed by standard complementary tests including gram staining, catalase test, and coagulase. Isolates were tested for presence of enterotoxin genes (A, B, C, D) by Multiplex PCR. Antibiotic resistance was determined by the disk diffusion method. Overall, 38 (25.3%) samples were contaminated with S. aureus. 21 isolates (28%) and 17 isolates (22.7%) were related to summer and winter samples respectively. Thirteen isolates (29%) of S. aureus contained enterotoxin genes. 11 isolates (84. 61%) contained SEA, and 2 isolates (5.3%) contained the SEC gene. Totally, 9 (70%) enterotoxigenic isolates were related to summer and 30% to winter samples. None of the isolates had SEB, SED genes. Four (30%) enterotoxigenic isolates related to creamy pastry and 9 (70%) to creamy bread. Antibiogram test showed that the highest sensitivity to sulfamethoxazole (97.36%) and erythromycin (63.15%). Also, all enterotoxigenic isolates were resistant to penicillin and 95% with SEA gene were resistant to erythromycin and ciprofloxacin.The results of present study revealed that contamination of creamy pastries with S. aureus capable of producing enterotoxin and resistance to some antibiotics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - Prevalence, Antibiotic Resistance Pattern, and Frequency of Enterotoxin Coding Genes in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates Isolated from Some Ready-to-Eat Foods
Manouchehr Momeni shahraki S. Siavash Saei-Dehkordi Zahra HematiMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has emerged as a significant pathogen to induce food poisoning in humans. This bacterium possesses the ability to produce heat-resistant enterotoxins. This investigation examined the prevalence, antibiotic resistance pa MoreMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has emerged as a significant pathogen to induce food poisoning in humans. This bacterium possesses the ability to produce heat-resistant enterotoxins. This investigation examined the prevalence, antibiotic resistance patterns, and frequency of enterotoxin coding genes in MRSAisolates obtained from ready-to-eat foods. One hundred and twenty-five samples of ready-to-eat food were collected and transported to the laboratory on ice. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated using microbial culture, and MRSAisolates were confirmed using cefoxitin and oxacillin discs. The antibiotic resistance patterns and frequency of enterotoxin coding genes were determined through disc diffusion and PCR methods, respectively. The prevalence of MRSAwas 68.42%, 66.66%, 62.5%, and 28.57% in pounded kebab, grilled chicken, hamburger, and sausage samples, respectively. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains exhibited the highest resistance to penicillin (100%), doxycycline (80.64%), tetracycline (77.41%), and erythromycin (70.96%). The isolates exhibited the lowest resistance against vancomycin and rifampin (22.58%). The prevalence of enterotoxin genes, SEA and SEG, was reported as 58.06% and 61.29%, respectively. The simultaneous presence of multiple enterotoxin coding genes and resistance to various antibiotics in MRSAstrains isolated from ready-to-eat food samples highlights a significant health concern within this food category. Preventing the indiscriminate use of antibiotics can mitigate the risk of methicillin-resistant enterotoxin-producing Staphylococcus aureus in ready-to-eat foods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureusin meat and meat products
Fatemeh Nonahal Ebrahim Rahimi Esmaeil AtaieSalehiAbstract Staphylococcus aureus as the second or third important food-borne pathogen all around the world. Ability of development and production of heat-stable enterotoxin in a wide range of the food made Staphylococcus has one of the most important factors causing the MoreAbstract Staphylococcus aureus as the second or third important food-borne pathogen all around the world. Ability of development and production of heat-stable enterotoxin in a wide range of the food made Staphylococcus has one of the most important factors causing the food poisoning. This study was done to investigate the prevalence of Staphylococcus in meat and meat products in Esfahan. From summer to winter 2012, 450 samples including raw beef (n=80), minced meat (n=80), lamb (n=80), goat (n=80), camel (n=50), hamburger (n=40), kebab (n=40) were randomly collected from butcheries and supermarkets in Isfahan, and analyzed for the presence of S. aureus. Totally, 234 (55/6 %) S. aureus were detected in meat and meat products. The mean count of S. aureus in positive samples was 8/3×102. The results indicated that although the percentage of contaminated samples was high, the number of bacteria presented in the samples is low with no potential risk for public health. To effectively manage the food production for decreasing diseases more epidemiologic investigations about S. aureustoxication are needed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in meat and meat products
Fatemeh Nonahal Ebrahim Rahimi Esmail Ataie SalehiStaphylococcus aureus as the second or third important food-borne pathogen all around the world. Ability of development and production of heat-stable enterotoxin in a wide range of the food made Staphylococcus has one of the most important factors causing the food MoreStaphylococcus aureus as the second or third important food-borne pathogen all around the world. Ability of development and production of heat-stable enterotoxin in a wide range of the food made Staphylococcus has one of the most important factors causing the food poisoning. This study was done to investigates the prevalence of Staphylococcus in meat and meat products in Esfahan. From summer to winter 2012, 450 samples including raw beef (n=80), minced meat (n=80), lamb (n=80), goat (n=80), camel (n=50), hamburger (n=40), kebab (n=40) were randomly collected from butcheries and supermarkets in Isfahan, and analyzed for the presence of S. aureus. Totally, 234 (55/6 %) S. aureus were detected in meat and meat products. The mean count of S. aureus in positive samples was 8/3×102. The results indicated that although the percentage of contaminated samples was high, The number of bacteria presented in the samples is low with no potential risk for public health. To effectively manage the food production for decreasing diseases more epidemiologic investigations about S. aureus toxication are needed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - The Antimicrobial Effect of nisin, Against Staphylococcus aureus in Minced Sheep during Refrigerated Storage
Reyhaneh Ghashooni Zadeh Sayyed Ebrahim Hosseini Peyman Mahasti Shahrokh ShabaniConsidering the side effects of chemical preservatives and attention of food producers to natural preservatives, evaluation of antimicrobial effects of them in the laboratory and food models seems to be necessary. Meat microbial control from health human and high qualit MoreConsidering the side effects of chemical preservatives and attention of food producers to natural preservatives, evaluation of antimicrobial effects of them in the laboratory and food models seems to be necessary. Meat microbial control from health human and high quality life chief very important. Nisin has a wide spectrum inhibitory effect than the other Bacteriocins and inhibits food-borne pathogens such as S. aureus and many other Gram-positive spoilage microorganisms. The purpose of this study is investigating the effects of nisin, on the growth of S. aureus in minced sheep during refrigerated storage. Lamb mince samples were inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 1×103. Nisin treatments at three levels 5,7,9 µg/ml. Parameters included total count, Staphylococcus aureus, pH, on days 1, 3, 7, 14 Evaluation. Results showed that the effect of different concentrations of nisin was statistically significant (P< 0.05).The antibacterial activity of nisin decreased during the storage period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - بهینه سازی تولید آلیزارین توسط محرک های زیستی مختلف در گیاه روناس با روش تحریک-اینفیلتراسیون
سونا اعیادی طیبه سلیمانیمقدمه و هدف: روناس با نام علمی Rubia tinctorum، یکی از شناخته شدهترین گیاهان دارویی هست که آلیزارین و دیگر آنتراکینونها که مواد رنگی مهمی با اثرات دارویی هستند، از آن استخراج میشوند. هدف از این تحقیق بهینهسازی و افزایش تولید آلیزارین در گیاه کامل روناس با القای محرک Moreمقدمه و هدف: روناس با نام علمی Rubia tinctorum، یکی از شناخته شدهترین گیاهان دارویی هست که آلیزارین و دیگر آنتراکینونها که مواد رنگی مهمی با اثرات دارویی هستند، از آن استخراج میشوند. هدف از این تحقیق بهینهسازی و افزایش تولید آلیزارین در گیاه کامل روناس با القای محرکهای زیستی میباشد. روش تحقیق: جهت افزایش تولید آلیزارین، محرکهای باکتریایی (استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس و باسیلوس اورئوس در غلظت-های نیم و یک مک فارلند) قارچی ( فوزاریوم اگزوسپوریوم و آسپرژیلوس فومیگاتوس در غلظتهای mg total sugar/mL 2/0 و 4/0) به گیاه کامل روناس به طور مستقیم با استفاده از سوزنهای بسیار نازک انسولین میباشد، تزریق شد که این روش elicitation-infiltration نام دارد. سپس مقدار آلیزارین این نمونهها با استفاده از روش استاندارد افزایشی توسط روش UV-Visible مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. نتایج و بحث: استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس (1 مک فارلند) موثرترین محرک در افزایش زیست توده بود. علاوه بر این، در بین محرکهای قارچی، آسپرژیلوس فومیگاتوس با غلظت mg total sugar/mL 4/0 مهمترین کمک را در افزایش زیست توده آشکار کرد. به کارگیری محرکهای باکتریایی افزایش محسوسی را در مقدار آلیزارین در همه غلظتها ایجاد کرد. بیشترین افزایش (5 برابری) را نیم مک فارلند باسیلوس سرئوس داشته است. علاوه بر این، فوزاریوم اگزوسپوریوم نتایج برجسته-ای را در افزایش تولید آلیزارین از خود نشان داده است. توصیه کاربردی صنعتی: طبق اطلاعات به دست آمده، کاربرد روش elicitation-infiltration برای افزایش تولید آلیزارین برای اولین بار مورد استفاده قرار گرفته شده است و طبق نتایج ، این روش می تواند روش موثری برای بررسی های بیشتر در مورد بهینه سازی تولید متابولیت های ثانویه در گیاهان دیگر نیز به کار گرفته شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - بررسی فعالیت ضد میکروبی عصاره دو گیاه دارویی جغجغه و تاتوره بر روی استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس
سعیده سعیدی نفیسه مهدی نژاد مجید شریفی راد فرشته جوادیان الهام جوادیانمقدمه و هدف: هدف از این مطالعه بررسی فعالیت ضد میکروبی عصاره دو گیاه دارویی جغجغه و تاتوره بر روی استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس جدا شده از بینی گوسفندان در شهرستان زابل است. روش تحقیق: گیاه تاتوره و جغجغه از مناطق شهر زابل جمع آوری شد. سویه های استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس از بینی Moreمقدمه و هدف: هدف از این مطالعه بررسی فعالیت ضد میکروبی عصاره دو گیاه دارویی جغجغه و تاتوره بر روی استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس جدا شده از بینی گوسفندان در شهرستان زابل است. روش تحقیق: گیاه تاتوره و جغجغه از مناطق شهر زابل جمع آوری شد. سویه های استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس از بینی گوسفندان شهرستان زابل جمع آوری شد. الگوی مقاومت آنتی بیوتیکی با روش کربی بائر تعیین شد. حداقل غلظت مهار کنندگی و حداقل غلظت کشندگی با روش میکرودایلوشن تعیین شد. نتایج: نتایج مطالعه حاضر نشان داد که حداقل غلظت مهار کنندگی عصاره جغجغه برابر با ppm25 بوده است و 10 سویه در این غلظت مهار شده اند. کمترین غلظت مهار کنندگی عصاره تاتوره ppm 6.25 بوده و یک سویه در این غلظت مهار شد. بیشترین غلظت مهار کنندگی برابر با ppm 50 و بیشترین غلظت کشندگی ppm 100 مشاهده شد. توصیه های کاربردی/ صنعتی: نتایج این مطالعه مبنی بر اثر ضد میکروبی خوب عصاره گیاه تاتوره و جغجغه نشان داد که میتواند برای درمان عفونت های استافیلوکوکی استفاده شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - مقایسه فعالیت ضد میکروبی عصاره اتانولی، آبی و جوشانده تعدادی گیاهان دارویی استان گلستان علیه فعالیت باکتری استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس
علیرضا صفاهانی مهرداد عطائی محمد ربیعی تینا دادگر عزت الله قائمی مقدمه و هدف: در طول تاریخ بشری، بسیاری از بیماری های عفونی به طور سنتی با داروهای گیاهی درمان شده اند، به طوری که امروزه در بسیاری از کشورهای در حال توسعه داروهای گیاهی نقش اصلی را در درمان اولیه ایفا می­کنند. این مطالعه نیز با توجه به تنوع زیستی گیاهان در است More مقدمه و هدف: در طول تاریخ بشری، بسیاری از بیماری های عفونی به طور سنتی با داروهای گیاهی درمان شده اند، به طوری که امروزه در بسیاری از کشورهای در حال توسعه داروهای گیاهی نقش اصلی را در درمان اولیه ایفا می­کنند. این مطالعه نیز با توجه به تنوع زیستی گیاهان در استان گلستان به منظور بررسی اثر ضدباکتریایی عصاره الکلی، آبی و جوشانده تعدادی گونه از گیاهان دارویی استان علیه سویههای بالینی و استاندارد استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس حساس و مقاوم به متی سیلین و مقایسه بین آن ها و نیز تعیین گیاه مناسب جهت مطالعات بعدی انجام شده است. روش تحقیق: در این تحقیق عصاره الکلی به روش پرکولاسیون و عصاره آبی با استفاده از دستگاه بنماری و جوشانده نیز به روش جوشاندن تهیه شد. بررسی اثر ضدباکتریایی عصاره گیاهان علیه سویههای MRSA و MSSA به روش انتشار در آگار و به کمک دیسک صورت گرفت و هر آزمون سه بار تکرار گردید. خاصیت ضدباکتریایی عصارهها با هم مقایسه گردید. سپس با استفاده از روش حداقل غلظت بازدارنده از رشد (MIC) تعیین شد. نتایج و بحث: از بین 23 گونه گیاهی مورد بررسی عصاره اتانولی سیاهدانه Nigella sativa ، اکالیپتوس Eucalyptus globulus ، گل راعی Hypericum perforatum ، انار Punica granatum ، گز Tamarix aphylla، زرشکBerberis vulgaris ، درمنه Atremisia dracunculus و اسپند Peganum harmala در روش انتشار دیسک بهترین اثر را نشان دادند و در بررسی عصاره آبی گیاهان بهترین اثر مربوط به عصاره آبی گیاهان انار، درمنه و اکالیپتوس و در مورد جوشانده گیاهان بهترین اثر ضدباکتریایی مربوط به جوشانده گیاهان انار، اکالیپتوس، درمنه، زرشک و گز میباشد. به طور کلی عصاره­ی الکلی گیاهان اثر ضدباکتریایی بهتری را نسبت به سایر عصارهها نشان دادند و در همه موارد اثر ضدباکتریایی عصارهها با آنتیبیوتیک و وانکومایسین که به عنوان شاهد در نظر گرفته شده بود، مقایسه گردید که در مورد گیاهان مؤثر در اکثر موارد تأثیر ضدباکتریایی آن ها بیش از وانکومایسین 30 میکروگرمی بوده و در اغلب گیاهان فعالیت ضدباکتریایی آن­ها علیه سویههای MRSA بیش از MSSA بود و در ارزیابی MIC ، پوست میوه انار و پائینتر از سایر انواع عصارهها بود(MIC=0.01 mg/ml). توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: با توجه به اثر ضد باکتریایی بسیار خوب تعیین اثرات بالینی آن ها در طرحهای تجربی ضروری است. در نهایت عصاره ی پوست انار در دو روش بررسی، دارای خاصیت ضد باکتریایی مناسبی استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس بود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - بررسی ترکیبات شیمیایی و تاثیرات عصاره گیاهان دارویی خارمریم (Silybum marianum) و رازیانه (Foeniculum vulgare) بر برخی عوامل عفونتهای بیمارستانی و رده سلول سرطانی کبد (HepG2) به روش MTT
فرشته سلمانی هاشم یعقوبیمقدمه و هدف: افزایش مقاومت دارویی و توجه بیشتر به خطرات عوارض جانبی داروهای صناعی باعث شده است که تحقیقات گسترده ای بر روی منابع گیاهی دارویی انجام شود. هدف از انجام این مطالعه تعیین ترکیبات شیمیایی عصاره گیاهان دارویی خار مریم (Silybum marianum) و رازیانه (Foeniculum v Moreمقدمه و هدف: افزایش مقاومت دارویی و توجه بیشتر به خطرات عوارض جانبی داروهای صناعی باعث شده است که تحقیقات گسترده ای بر روی منابع گیاهی دارویی انجام شود. هدف از انجام این مطالعه تعیین ترکیبات شیمیایی عصاره گیاهان دارویی خار مریم (Silybum marianum) و رازیانه (Foeniculum vulgare) بومی اردبیل و بررسی اثر ضد سرطان آنها بر روی رده سلولی سرطان کبد HepG2 و اثرات ضد باکتریایی آنها بر روی استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس و سودوموناس آئروژینوزا جهت ارائه یک راه حل برای کنترل یا درمان بود.روش تحقیق: ترکیبات شیمیایی عصاره های به دست آمده از طریق دستگاه سوکسیله توسط سیستم GC/MS انجام گرفت. اثر ضد سرطانی با روش MTT و فعالیت های ضد میکروبی با استفاده از روش انتشار دیسک مورد سنجش قرار گرفتند و همچنین مقادیر MIC و MBC بر اساس روش رقت در لوله برآورد گردید.نتایج و بحث: عصاره خارمریم با 29 ترکیب و عمدتا شامل 63/2% Nonane، 68/4% Camphor، 84/2% Borneol، 65/3% Trans-anethole، 78/8% Viridiflorol، 26/34% α–Selinene، 34/2% Longiborn-9-ene، 52/2% amorphane-B، 00/5% Erucylamide، 15/10% o-Terphenyl و 8/46% α-androst-8-ene بود، عصاره رازیانه با 14 ترکیب و عمدتا شامل 53/5 درصد Fenchone، 53/5% α- Thujone، 84/2% Nonane، 10/79% trans-Anethol و 51/2 درصد Hentriacontane بود. اثرات عصاره رازیانه بر روی استافیلوکوکوس و عصاره خارمریم بر روی سودوموناس قابل توجه بود. در طرح ترکیبی، تاثیر خاصی مشاهده نشد. مقادیر MIC و MBC نتایج حاصل از تست حساسیت را تایید کردند. اثرات سیتوتوکسیک عصارهها بر رده سلول سرطانی کبد در غلظت 25 µg/ml بعد از 48 ساعت اپتیمم بود.توصیه کاربردی/صنعتی: با توجه به نتایج، این ترکیبات میتوانند جایگزین مناسبی برای مواد نگهدارنده شیمیایی در صنایع غذایی و صنایع دارویی باشند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - فعالیت ضد میکروبی عصاره استونی Salvia officinalis در برابر جدایه های بیماریزا
قزلباش ق. ر پریشانی م. ر فویوانی م .حمقدمه وهدف: Salvia officinalis به عنوان یک داروی سنتی در درمان برخی از بیماریها در کشورهایی از جمله لبنان، سوریه، اردن و .... شناخته شده است. به علاوه S. officinalis در مطالعات مختلف برای بررسی تاثیرات دارویی مورد آزمایش قرار گرفته است. هدف در این مطالعه برر Moreمقدمه وهدف: Salvia officinalis به عنوان یک داروی سنتی در درمان برخی از بیماریها در کشورهایی از جمله لبنان، سوریه، اردن و .... شناخته شده است. به علاوه S. officinalis در مطالعات مختلف برای بررسی تاثیرات دارویی مورد آزمایش قرار گرفته است. هدف در این مطالعه بررسی فعالیت ضد باکتریایی این گیاه در برابر تعدادی از باکتریها بوده است. روش تحقیق: سه عصاره مختلف ( عصاره آبی، استون و اتانولی) از نظر ویژگیهای ضد باکتری در برابر باسیلوس آنتراسیس، باسیلوس سرئوس، اشریشیاکلی و استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس با روش انتشار دیسکی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. نتایج و بحث: عصاره های اتانولی تاثیرات ضد باکتریایی متوسطی را نشان دادند در حالیکه عصاره های استونی به خصوص عصاره برگها تاثیر قدرتمندی در این زمینه داشتند. از سوی دیگر عصاره های آبی هیچ فعالیت ضد باکتریایی در برابر باکتریهای مورد آزمایش نشان ندادند. نتایج نشان دهنده فعالیت بازدارندگی عصاره استونی با MIC معادل 10 میلی گرم در میلی لیتر برای باسیلوس آنتراسیس و MIC معادل 30 میلی گرم در میلی لیتر برای استاف اورئوس بود. میکروارگانیسمهای گرم منفی حساسیت بیشتری نسبت به عصاره ها نشان دادند. در مجموع می توان گفت که عصاره های استخراج شده توسط حلالهای آلی به خصوص استون می تواند به عنوان یک ترکیب ضدباکتری مورد استفاده قرار گیرد و نیز به این نکته می توان اشاره کرد که چنانچه قطبیت حلال کاهش می یابد ترکیبات ضد باکتری و بنابراین فعالیت عصاره افزایش نشان می دهد. توصیه های کاربردی/صنعتی: عصارهSalvia officinalisمی تواند به عنوان پماد برای درمان زخم استفاده شود و به عنوان یک داروی جدید در برابر باسیلوس آنتراسیس معرفی شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - Evaluation of Eugenol effect, active compound of clove oil, on growth inhibition of methicillin resistant isolates of Staphylococcus aureus through potential interaction with PBP2 and downregulation of mecA gene
Nahid Khodadadi Somayeh Ataei-e JalisehBackground and Objectives: Eugenol is the major constituents of clove oil, which is known as an anti-bacterial and anti-oxidant agent. Staphylococcus aureus is most common pathogens that cause nosocomial infections and some bacterial infections death. In this study, the MoreBackground and Objectives: Eugenol is the major constituents of clove oil, which is known as an anti-bacterial and anti-oxidant agent. Staphylococcus aureus is most common pathogens that cause nosocomial infections and some bacterial infections death. In this study, the effect of Eugenol on the expression of mecA gene and the interaction with mecA protein (PBP2a) was evaluated in methicillin resistant isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. Materials and methods: Antibacterial activity of Eugenol was investigated in isolates of Staphylococcus aureus with DISC diffusion, MIC and MBC. Interaction between Eugenol and mecA protein (PBP2) was evaluated with bioinformatic approaches. The expression of mecA gene was assessed in Eugenol treated and untreated isolates by Q-RT-PCR. Results: results of this study showed that Eugenol inhibited bacterial growth in the DISCs in 80% of Staphylococcus aureus isolates. MIC and MBC of Eugenol in the most isolates were determined 5.22 mg/ml and 10.44 mg/ml, respectively. In silico analysis showed interaction between Eugenol and mecA protein (PBP2). mecA gene downregulated in Eugenol treated isolates (5.22 mg/ml) in compared to control. Conclusion: It seems that Eugenol led to growth inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus isolates through both interaction with PBP2 and mecA gene downregulation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - سنتز و شناسایی نانوذرات وانادیم اکساید بهینه شده با نقره و بررسی اثر ضد باکتری آن بر اشرشیاکلی و استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس
مرجان حاجی محمد جوادی حمید رضا آقا بزرگ هدی پاسدار -
Open Access Article
100 - Investigating the antibacterial effects of polyvinyl alcohol/polyvinyl pyrrolidone composite nanofiber mat containing clindamycin
sara Yousefi mogadam Hakimeh Ziyadi Malak Hekmati Fatemeh sadat seyediDue to the expansion and importance of nano fibers in the field of pharmaceutical sciences and the ability to use them as skin patches, in this study, nanofibers carrying clindamycin was obtained from adding pure clindamycin to poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(vinyl pyrroli MoreDue to the expansion and importance of nano fibers in the field of pharmaceutical sciences and the ability to use them as skin patches, in this study, nanofibers carrying clindamycin was obtained from adding pure clindamycin to poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) polymers fallowed by electrospinning of polymeric solution. The obtained nanofibers were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), atomic force microscope (AFM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Element Mapping (EMPA), and contact angle analysis. The nature of the bond between clindamycin drug and poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) substrate was investigated using the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM). Antibacterial effects of non-electrospun polymer solution and obtained nanofibers mats were investigated on standard strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. According to the obtained results, Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria was resistant to non-electrospun polymer solution and clindamycin nanofibrous mats. Acinetobacter bacteria was resistant to polymer solution, but clindamycin nanofiber had moderate effect on it. Clindamycin nanofibers mats and non-electrospun polymer solution were very effective against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Therefore, clindamycin nanofibrous mats can be used as transdermal patches to treat infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter bacteria. In addition, the polymer solution can be useful as a medicinal solution in the transdermal treatment of Staphylococcus aureus bacterial infections. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - Staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCCmec) typing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from healthy workers nasal swabs in Larestan hospitals
Mehdi Ebadi Tahereh KhaliliazadBackground & Objectives: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most important causes of opportunistic infections in the community as well as hospitals. Nowadays, an increase in the antibiotic resistance has caused concern to the medical co MoreBackground & Objectives: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most important causes of opportunistic infections in the community as well as hospitals. Nowadays, an increase in the antibiotic resistance has caused concern to the medical community. Meanwhile, resistance to methicillin is important because of limiting treatment. This study was conducted to track methicillin resistance gene and to type staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCCmec) in S. aureus strains isolated from nasal swabs of healthy hospital workers and to determine the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the strains. Materials & Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 230 specimens were collected from healthy workers nasal swabs of Larestan hospital during 2015. S. aureus strains were identified using laboratory standard methods. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern was characterized using disk diffusion test, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by E-test and sensitivity to methicillin was assessed by agar screening test. Furthermore, the presence of antibiotic-resistant mecA gene and SCCmec genotyping were investigated using the multiplex-PCR method. Results: Among all nasal swab samples, 37 (14.8%) S. aureus isolates were recovered. 28 (75.7%) out of 37 S. aureus isolates were confirmed as MRSA. 21 (75%) of 28 MRSA isolates were community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA), and the remaining 7 (25%) were hospital-acquired MRSA (HA-MRSA). SCCmec genotyping showed the most frequent isolates as follows: 9 (32.1%) isolates as SCCmec type I, 8 (28.6%) isolates as SCCmec type IV, 5 (17.9%) isolates as SCCmec type II, 4 (14.3%) isolates as SCCmec type V and 2 (7.1%) isolates as SCCmec type III. Evaluation of antibiotic resistance pattern showed the highest resistance to penicillin (100%) and oxacillin (60%) respectively, and the lowest resistance to vancomycin (0%). E-test results confirmed 28.5% of the isolates as intermediate vancomycin-resistant. Using agar screening test, oxacillin resistance was shown as 92.8%. Conclusion: Our result showed that 70% methicillin resistance in the S. aureus which is mostly CA-MRSA strains. This could be a serious warning about the need to treat infections caused by this bacterium and control the carriers in the hospital environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - Detection of efflux pump activity and gene expression among ciprofloxacin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains
Zahra Tavakoli Hassan Sahebjamee Leila Pishkar Zohreh Alimadadi Hassan Noorbazargan Amir MirzaieBackground & Objectives: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the important nosocomial infection agents. Recently, S. aureus strains have become resistant to ciprofloxacin and the efflux pump is considered as its contributor. Herein, we investigated the presence, express MoreBackground & Objectives: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the important nosocomial infection agents. Recently, S. aureus strains have become resistant to ciprofloxacin and the efflux pump is considered as its contributor. Herein, we investigated the presence, expression, and activity of efflux pump genes (norA and norB) among ciprofloxacin-resistant S. aureus isolates. Materials & Methods: A total of 250 clinical samples were subjected to isolation of S. aureus strains. The antibiotic resistance pattern was characterized and the presence and expression level of norA and norB genes was assessed using PCR test and real-time PCR test, respectively. Finally, active efflux pumps were detected in ciprofloxacin-resistant S. aureus strains using the ethidium bromide test.Results: Among total clinical samples, 50 S. aureus strains were recovered. Of this 12 samples (24%) were resistant to ciprofloxacin. Moreover, norA and norB genes were found in 100 % and 83% of ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates, respectively. All ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates exhibited active efflux pumps. Real-time PCR results revealed that the isolates are more resistant to ciprofloxacin having a high level of efflux pump gene expression.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that norA and norB efflux pump genes play an important role in resistance to ciprofloxacin in S. aureus strains. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - The effect of adding calf serum on the virulence genes expression of Staphylococcus aureus
Hadi Koohsari Ezzat Allah Ghaemi Noor Amirmozaffari Maryam Sadegh SheshpoliBackground & Objectives: Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen and one of the most important health-threatening agents worldwide. Expression of bacterial virulence factors is not similar in laboratory medium conditions and in vivo. The aim of the presen MoreBackground & Objectives: Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen and one of the most important health-threatening agents worldwide. Expression of bacterial virulence factors is not similar in laboratory medium conditions and in vivo. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of adding 5% calf serum on the virulence genes expression of S. aureus. Materials & Methods: The expression levels of agrA, RNAIII, hla, spa, and mecA genes were determined during the growth of S. aureus isolates in BHI broth and BHI broth enriching with calf serum during different growth phases. Therefore, the growth curve of the five isolates of S. aureus in two different culture conditions was plotted. Subsequently, RNA was extracted from different phases of growth and the genes expression were analyzed by Real-time PCR. Results: In average, the expression levels of agrA and RNAIII from stationary phase to the exponential phase in BHI broth containing calf serum was increased 3.4 and 9.5-fold, respectively, while the agr system could not appropriately play its regulatory role in the expression of virulence genes. As a result, the expression of hla gene was decreased 0.81-fold and the expression levels of spa and mecA genes was only increased 1.25 and 1.03-fold, respectively. Conclusion: Regardless of the growth phase, the expression of the whole genes in BHI broth containing calf serum were increased in comparison to BHI broth. Consequently, it appears that S. aureus is capable to induce virulence genes expression in the presence of calf serum factors similar to conditions available in vivo. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - Frequency of methicillin resistant (mecA) and panton-valentine leucocidin (pvl) genes among Staphylococcus aureus isolates recovered from clinical samples of Rasht hospitals
Maryam Rahimpour Hesari Amir Mirzaie Ali SalehzadehBackground & Objectives: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important nosocomial infection agent and now methicillin-resistant S. aureus have spread. Also, panton-valentin leukocidin is one of important virulence factors in S. aureus. The study was aimed to ev MoreBackground & Objectives: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important nosocomial infection agent and now methicillin-resistant S. aureus have spread. Also, panton-valentin leukocidin is one of important virulence factors in S. aureus. The study was aimed to evaluate the antibiotic resistant, frequency methicillin resistant and panton- valentin leukocidin genes in clinical S. aureus isolates from hospitals of Rasht, Iran. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 250 clinical samples collected from hospitals of Rasht during one year (2013-2014). The S. aureus isolates were identified by microbiological methods. Antibiotic sensitivity was performed by CSLI method using disk diffusion method. In addition, the presence of methicillin resistant (mecA) and panton-valentin leukocidin (pvl) genes were evaluated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: Totally, 50 S. aureus isolates were recovered. The results of antibiotic susceptibility tests showed that 34 out of 50 S. aureus isolates (68%) were resistant to methicillin. In addition, the prevalence of mecA and pvl gene among isolates were 60% (30 isolates) and 20% (10 isolates), respectively. Conclusion: This study showed increased resistance to different antibiotics in S. aureus that is a serious warning to the treatment of infections caused by this bacterium in the region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - Antibiotic resistance assessment, and genotypic and phenotypic detection of norA efflux pump in methicillin and ciprofloxacin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates
Samaneh sadat Kazemi Fahimeh Nemati Mansour Amir Mirzaei Fatemeh AshrafiBackground & Objectives: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the major causes of nosocomial infections throughout the world. Efflux pumps such as norA play a major role in the development of resistance to different antibiotics in this bacteria. The aim of this study was MoreBackground & Objectives: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the major causes of nosocomial infections throughout the world. Efflux pumps such as norA play a major role in the development of resistance to different antibiotics in this bacteria. The aim of this study was evaluation of the antibiotic resistance and detection of efflux pump (norA) in methicillin resistant (MRSA) and ciprofloxacin resistant S. aureus isolates using genotypic and phenotypic methods. Materials & Methods: During this sectional study, 250 clinical samples were collected from different hospitals in Tehran, Iran. S. aureus isolates were identified and the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were determined. Ciprofloxacin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined in both MRSA and ciprofloxacin resistant isolates. Furthermore, the presence of norA efflux pump gene in MRSA and ciprofloxacin resistant isolates was assessed phenotypically using ciprofloxacin and ethidium bromide MIC, with CCCP as efflux pump inhibitor, and genetically using PCR method. Results: Totally, 50 S. aureus isolates were recovered. The results of antibiotic susceptibility tests showed that 34 isolates (68%) were resistant to methicillin, of which 12 isolates (24%) were resistant to ciprofloxacin, as well. Moreover, all the MRSA- ciprofloxacin resistant strains harbored the norA gene and active efflux pump. Conclusion: The results showed the correlation between ciprofloxacin resistance and norA efflux pump gene in MRSA isolates. Development of efflux pump inhibitors can be useful in the control of MRSA ciprofloxacin resistant strains. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - The effect of sonication on thyme essential oil- containing nano-niosome as nano bio-detergents
Zohre Karimi Samira Naderinezhad Fateme HaghiralsadatBackground & Objectives: Due to antimicrobial properties of plants, lots of attention has been recently paid to the addition of natural ingredients to pharmaceutical, food and healthcare systems. The aim of this study was investigation and synthesis of thyme e MoreBackground & Objectives: Due to antimicrobial properties of plants, lots of attention has been recently paid to the addition of natural ingredients to pharmaceutical, food and healthcare systems. The aim of this study was investigation and synthesis of thyme essential oil - containing nanoparticles as bio-detergents. Material & Methods: Thyme essential oil was extracted and purified using Clevenger apparatus. Then nano-niosomes containing thyme essential oil was prepared by Bangham method using Tween 60, Span 60 and lipid cholesterol. Then, two methods were investigated in order to reduce the particles size (bath and probe sonication). The nanoparticles were characterized in term of release rate, size, zeta potential, morphology, infrared spectra and loading efficiency. The antibacterial properties of the detergent against Staphylococcus aureus were studied in term of the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and inhibition zone. Results: The results showed a smaller particle size resulted from probe sonication compared to bath sonication. The essential oil loading efficiency of particles prepared by bath sonication was 4.65% higher than the probe sonication method. Type of sonication did not change the zeta potential of nanoparticles. The essential oil was physically encapsulated in the nano-niosome, without changing its properties during encapsulation. The nanoparticle was uniformly disturbed with spherical structure. The results showed a significant anti-bacterial property of the detergents against Staphylococcus aureus (MBC of 15.625 µg/ml). Conclusion: Bath sonication is economically recommended compared to probe sonication in preparation of nanoparticles. The results of this preliminary study introduce an anti-bacterial herbal detergent which can be more developed in further studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - Anti-biofilm and anti-bacterial effects of bacteriocin-producing strains of Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis
Mohammad Reza Sarjoughian Shakiba Darvish Alipour AstanehBackground & Objectives: The prevalence of infection, along with the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has caused the antibacterial peptide, bacteriocins, to be considered. The purpose of this study was to compare the antibacterial effect of bacteriocin-produc MoreBackground & Objectives: The prevalence of infection, along with the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has caused the antibacterial peptide, bacteriocins, to be considered. The purpose of this study was to compare the antibacterial effect of bacteriocin-producing bacteria.Materials & Methods: The inhibitory activity of bacteria isolated from different regions of Semnan soil, Dasht Desert (Semnan University Bacterial Culture Collection; DDBCC) was studied against the indicators by agar diffusion method. Candidate strains were identified by biochemical and molecular tests. Concentrating the selected bacteriocins by ammonium sulfate saturation, the effects of biofilm destruction were studied. Then, using a thin layer chromatography the selected bacteriocins were purified and their antimicrobial activity was confirmed.Results: The 16s rRNA sequencing results showed 98% similarity of DDBCC38 and DDBCC51 isolates to E. coli and 96% similarity of the DDBCC46 isolate to Bacillus subtilis. Concentrated DDBCC51 and DDBCC38 bacteriocins inhibited the growth of Bacillus cereus, Bacillus anthracis, and Klebsiella pneumonia after 52 hours. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus biofilms were destructed by DDBCC51 and DDBCC38 bacteriocins 12.0% and 40.0%, and 19.6% and 40%, respectively. In contrast, concentrated DDBCC46 bacteriocin was effective on K. pneumonia and P. aeruginosa in 72 hours but had no effect on biofilm destruction. The purification of DDBCC38 and DDBCC51 bacteriocins by thin layer chromatography resulted in 2 mm increasing of inhibition zone diameter against K. pneumoniae. However, purified DDBCC46 bacteriocin reduced it by 4 mm.Conclusion: Considering the anti-biofilm and antagonistic properties of the respective isolates, further studies for optimization of the production conditions and molecular identification of the produced bacteriocin are proposed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - Frequency of meticillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from clinical samples in Mousavi Hospital, Zanjan, and recognition mec A gene using PCR
Rasoul Shokri Mojtaba Salouti Rahim Sorouri Zanjani Zahra HeidariBackground and Objectives: Nowadays Meticillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the public-health threats due to resistance to agents and anti microbial drugs. The aim of present study was to find the incidence of Meticillin resistant Staphylococcus aure MoreBackground and Objectives: Nowadays Meticillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the public-health threats due to resistance to agents and anti microbial drugs. The aim of present study was to find the incidence of Meticillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from clinical samples in Ayatollah Mousavi Hospital of Zanjan and their antibiotic resistance pattern as well as recognizing of the mecA gene using PCR. Materials &Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 176 specimens were collected from different sections of Ayatollah Mousavi Hospital and assayed. The strains were identified and the resistances of the isolates to 12 kinds of antibiotics were determined using disk diffusion method. Finally, following DNA extraction, mecA gene was analyzed by PCR. Results: 45 Staphylococcus aureus isolates were recovered (25.56%). 26 out of 45 Staphylococcus aureus isolates (57.77%) were confirmed as MRSA. Evaluation of antibiotic resistance showed the greatest resistance to penicillin (100%) and cloxacillin (80.76%), respectively, and the lowest resistance was observed to vancomicin (7.69%). Conclusion: The findings showed that the prevalence of MRSA was remarkable in the hospital samples and the resistance to methicillin has increased that is a serious warning to the treatment of infections caused by this bacterium. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - Coagulase gene polymorphism of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical respiratory system infections in Shahrekord
Maryam Raesi Elahe Tajbakhsh Hassan MomtazBackground & Objectives: Respiratory system infections is a common infectious disease and is an acute inflammation of the upper respiratory system caused by several bacterial infections including Staphylococcus aureus. The aim of this study was to investigate the co MoreBackground & Objectives: Respiratory system infections is a common infectious disease and is an acute inflammation of the upper respiratory system caused by several bacterial infections including Staphylococcus aureus. The aim of this study was to investigate the coagulase gene polymorphism of S. aureus isolated from clinical respiratory system infections samples in Shahrekord of Iran. Material & Methods: This study was conducted by a sectional-descriptive study on 200 persons suspected to the upper respiratory system infections who referred to Imam Ali clinic in Shahrekord. After growth of microorganisms on blood agar and manitol salt agar, the suspected colonies were identified by microbiological testing. Next, DNA samples were prepared and the products of PCR reactions were enzymatically digested and genes were genotyped using RFLP. Results: Overall, 60 patients (30%) were infected to S. aureus. Among them 42 isolates showed a 970 bp fragments and 18 isolates showed a 730bp fragments. After enzymatic digestion with AluI, 42 specimens contained three bands: 320, 490, and 160 bp (genotype I), while 16 specimens contained two bands: 490 and 240 bp (genotype VIII) and 2 specimens contained two bands: 410 and 320 bp (genotype IX). Conclusion: The results obtained from present study showed that coagulase-positive S. aureus strains isolated from respiratory system infections in Shahrekord belonged mostly to genotype type I, which can be considered as a potential source for the release of the genotypes in the population. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - Detection of the antibiotic resistance pattern in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical samples obtained from patients hospitalised in Imam Reza hospital, Kermanshah
Zeinab Ahmadi Elahe Tajbakhsh Hassan MomtazBackground and Objectives: Staphylococcus aureus is one of important etiology of contagious infections in community and hospital (nosocomial infections). Nowadays, an intensive increases in the antibiotic resistance is recorded due to increase in the rate of antibiotic MoreBackground and Objectives: Staphylococcus aureus is one of important etiology of contagious infections in community and hospital (nosocomial infections). Nowadays, an intensive increases in the antibiotic resistance is recorded due to increase in the rate of antibiotic usages worldwide. This study was conducted to track the antibiotic resistant genes in the S. aureus strains isolated from clinical specimens obtained from humans and to determine the antibiotic sensitivity pattern or the strains. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 100 coagulase-positive S. aureus collected from urinary tract infections and skin wounds of the patients hospitalised in the Imam Reza hospital, Kermanshah, through 2012. These strains were selected using laboratory standard methods and culture-specific. The antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using disk diffusion on plate. Furthermore, the presence of 5 genes responsible for antibiotic resistance, including mecA, aacA-D, tet K, tet M, msrA, ermA, were investigated using multiplex-PCR method. Results: Based on the phenotypic investigation on antibiotic resistance of S. aureus strains, the highest rates were seen in treatment with penicillin (90%), tetracycline (76%), methicillin (64%), ampicillin (55%) while the lowest sensitivity was observed in treatment with nitrofurantoin (8%) and vancomycin (14%). The most prevalent gene was tetM (89%), followed by mecA (58%), ermA (40%), msrA (36%), aacA-D (24%) and tetK (13%). Conclusion: Our result showed high rates of antibiotic resistance in the S. aureus isolated from this hospital. Therefore, it is recommended to limit the antibiotic uses without prescription or in unnecessary cases in order to decrease rate of microbial resistance to antibiotics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - A study to investigate antibacterial effect of Nanocurcumin against pre-clinical methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus infection
Elham Ansari Khosro Issazadeh Alireza Shoae HassaniBackground and Objectives: Bacteremia and endocarditis are the most commonly infection in Staphylococcus aureus. Due to curative effects of curcumin, including as an antibiotic, it can be used as a medicine albeit after reducing its side effects. This study aimed to inv MoreBackground and Objectives: Bacteremia and endocarditis are the most commonly infection in Staphylococcus aureus. Due to curative effects of curcumin, including as an antibiotic, it can be used as a medicine albeit after reducing its side effects. This study aimed to investigate antimicrobial effects of curcumin on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in vitro and in an animal model (Balb/C mice). Materials and Methods: This pre-clinical study was performed in the department of scientific research and clinical technology of Khomeini Hospital, Tehran. Following synthesis of curcumin-PLGA nanoparticles, their size were measured using scanning electron microscopy and their toxicity were determined by a colorimetric method (MTT). In vitro studies to analyze the effects of this compound on MRSA were performed firstly based on MIC and MBC tests and broth dilution. Next, a same procedure was conducted on blood cultures obtained from infected mice. Results: A concentration of 6 micrograms of urcumin-PLGA nanoparticles per millimeter showed Antibacterial activity on MRSA strains. A same effect was observed in vivo in mice after treatment by 10 μg/ml urcumin. Furthermore, based on this results, there were no side effects on the normal cells and 75% of the cells treated with the highest concentration of this particle were survived. Conclusion: these results show that curcumin-PLGA nanoparticles can be used safely for the treatment of bacteremia and endocarditis prophylaxis of infections caused by MRSA. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - A Comparison study to determine glycopeptide resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolates collected from Shohada Hospital during three years
shahrzad Ghasemi Saberi Haiedeh Mobaiyen Jeinus Bayat Makoo Sanam Sadeghi MohammadiBackground & Objectives: Glycopeptides such as vancomycin and ticoplanin are commonly used as antibiotic of choice for treatment of infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Following first reports of vancomycin resistant strains, the presenc MoreBackground & Objectives: Glycopeptides such as vancomycin and ticoplanin are commonly used as antibiotic of choice for treatment of infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Following first reports of vancomycin resistant strains, the presence and distribution of these bacteria have been continuously investigated in the clinic centers. This study was aimed to investigate the distribution of glycopeptide resistant S. aureus isolated from Shohada hospital during a period of three years. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 182 S. aureus strains isolated from wound orthopedic patients in three years. Resistance against glycopeptides, linezolid and ciprofloxacin were examined by disk agar diffusion method. Screening plate method containing 6µg / ml of vancomycin was used for resistance against vancomycin. Results: Among the 182 isolates, only 2 cases (1.09%) were confirmed as vancomycin-resistant S. aureus, VISA strains. In isolates from the last year of sampling, the resistance was controlled. Among total isolates, in 31 isolates (17%) demonstrated intermediate reaction against ticoplanin. Conclusion: Significant differences are indicated between glycopeptide resistances isolated from different years, despite a report of two VISA isolates in our center, which showed that the resistance controlled by the authorities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - The production and antibacterial effectiveness of silver nanocrystalline dressing
Marjan Enshaeieh Azadeh Abdoli Reza MontazeriBackground & Objectives: Since the wound infections caused by gram positive and negative bacteria are very common, application of Nanocrystalline silver in wound healing bands is recently of one of points of research interests. The epithelization effect and control MoreBackground & Objectives: Since the wound infections caused by gram positive and negative bacteria are very common, application of Nanocrystalline silver in wound healing bands is recently of one of points of research interests. The epithelization effect and control of wound infection are the most important factors for selection of disinfecting factors in these bands. This study was performed to produce nanocrystalline silver bands and to investigate their efficiency on control of selected gram positive and negative bacteria. Materials & Methods: In this study, silver nanocrystalline dressing was produced using nylon dressing and silver ions. Thereafter, we evaluate its antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The experiments were designed based on Taguchi method for investigation different parameters on antimicrobial effect of silver dressing. Results: The silver dressing showed an impressive effect on inhibition of the growth of mentioned bacteria and leads to the inhibition zone diameter of 5.5 cm around the dressing pieces. AgNO3 was the most important parameter in determination of the antimicrobial effect of silver dressing (approximately 65% efficiency). Conclusion: Silver nanocrystalline dressing was effective on inhibition of microorganisms growth. Furthermore, application of Taguchi method was highly effective in optimization process of this investigation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - Effect of silver nanoparticles on the expression of pvl and tsst genes of Staphylococcus aureus in Real-time PCR
yasaman dastgir zahra keshtmand katayun borhanieBackground and objective: Nowadays, research on nanoparticles as antimicrobial compounds is increasing.Staphylococcus aureus is an important nosocomial pathogen that produces a wide range of exotoxins that are involved in causing disease in the host.The aim of this stud MoreBackground and objective: Nowadays, research on nanoparticles as antimicrobial compounds is increasing.Staphylococcus aureus is an important nosocomial pathogen that produces a wide range of exotoxins that are involved in causing disease in the host.The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the expression of pathogenic genes of pvl and tsst genes in Staphylococcus aureus. Methods and methods: In this experimental study, the minimum growth inhibition concentration of silver nanoparticles was determined by Broth microdilution method. First, the lowest concentration of silver nanoparticles that inhibits bacterial growth was determined and then at a concentration lower than that, the expression of pvl and tsst genes in Staphylococcus aureus was studied by Real-Time PCR method. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, Tukey test and P-value < 0.05. Results: Silver nanoparticles with concentration 62.5μg/ml had growth effect on Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Also at concentration 31.25 μg/ml, the expression of pvl and tsst genes in Staphylococcus aureus was significantly reduced compared to the reference gene (rpo) (P <0.001). Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, silver nanoparticles can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and reduce the expression of virulence genes pvl and tsst. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - Enterotoxin gene profiles among multi-drug resistance Staphylococcus aureus isolated from traditional dairy products in Fars providence
Maryam Beygi Mohammad KargarBackground & Objectives: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most importantfactors of food poisoning in the world. The objective of this research is to investigate the frequency amount of enterotoxin genes in traditional dairy products with multidrug resistance isol MoreBackground & Objectives: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most importantfactors of food poisoning in the world. The objective of this research is to investigate the frequency amount of enterotoxin genes in traditional dairy products with multidrug resistance isolates in Fars province. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on 300 samples of traditional dairy products. In order to identify Staphylococcus aureus isolates in addition to standard biochemical tests, according to PCR method, nuc and 23S rRNA genes proliferation were confirmed. Enterotoxin genes were identified by using of the multiple PCR method. The susceptibility of the isolates for 16 antibiotics was investigated by using of the disk diffusion method according to CLSI criteria. Results: 120 isolates (40%) were identified as Staphylococcus aureus. The highest frequency of contamination is related to Cheese with 38 samples (31.66%) and its lowest relates to Doogh with 10 samples (8.33%). 91 samples (75.83%) of contaminated isolates were included of the enterotoxin gene, the highest frequency of enterotoxin gene was related to sea (54.17%) and its following, seb, seg, see, sed and sec respectively were included the frequency 50%, 33.33%. 28%, 16.67%, 4.17% and 3.50%. Also out of 64 strains of Staphylococcus aureus (56.33%) with multidrug resistance, 54 isolates (84.38%) had enterotoxin genes. Conclusion: The finding indicated that a significant frequency of Staphylococcus aureus isolates with enterotoxin producing multidrug resistance. Therefore, continuous molecular monitoring of Staphylococcus aureus isolates and also evaluation of the association of genetic profiles with clinical specimens is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - Detection of Enterotoxin Genes A & B of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from raw milk and mastitic milk of dairy cattle herds of Tehran province
Sepideh Vali Farhad Moosakhani Arya Badiei Ali reza Jamali Samira Ghalambor DezfouiMilk is considered a nutritious food because it contains several important nutrients including proteins and vitamins.Conversely, it can be a vehicle for several pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus. Staphylococcusaureus is one of the most causes of food poi MoreMilk is considered a nutritious food because it contains several important nutrients including proteins and vitamins.Conversely, it can be a vehicle for several pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus. Staphylococcusaureus is one of the most causes of food poisoning (FP) in dairy products. The main etiologic agent of FP isstaphylococcal enterotoxins (SE). There are different types of SE, but type A (SEA) and type B (SEB) are the mostimportant types.The aim of the present study was detection of enterotoxin genes A&B of staphylococcus aureus strains isolatedfrom raw milk of dairy cattle herds of Tehran province. In the current study, 40 samples of raw milk and mastitismilk were transported to the laboratory under sterile conditions and were assessed. Samples were cultured andidentifed by routine bacteriological methods. The isolated bacteria were evaluated by PCR tests for diagnosisof the gene encoding of SEA and SEB.The PCR results showed that(%25) of Staphylococcus aureus isolatespossessed the SEA gene,(%15) had the SEB. Therefor heating has no effect on dairy products contaminated byenterotoxins and gastritis may occur in a short period of time. As PCR is a rapid, sensitive, specifc and inexpensivemethod, we suggest that it can be replaced to traditionally assays for detecting SE. Manuscript profile
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