Investigation of NorA, norB, and norC efflux pumps in Staphylococcus aureus resistant to Fluoroquinolone Isolated from Urinary Tract Infection
Subject Areas : microbiologyMona Azadikhah 1 , Mohsen Zargar 2 , Razieh Nazari 3
1 - Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, IQom branch,Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran
2 - عضو هیات علمی- دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد قم
3 - Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Qom branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran.
Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus, norB, Efflux pumps, norA, norC,
Abstract :
Staphylococci are rapidly resistant to most antibiotics and cause many therapeutic problems. Of these, the efflux pumps are the most important cause of resistance to antibiotics, and these pumps are the core of the inherent inflammatory system of the nor gene. Staphylococcus aureus, norA, norB, and norC are chromosomal genes that encode these pumps, expressing high levels of multi-drug resistance genes can produce resistance to quinolones. The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of norA B, C genes in the presence of germs in the isolates of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from the samples of urinary tract infection. In this study, samples from 300 urine samples of patients referred to the laboratories in north of Tehran were collected and identified 100 samples of Staphylococcus aureus. After identification of resistant strains of fluoroquinolone family antibiotics, DNA extraction was performed to confirm the presence of norA, norB and nor C genes by PCR reaction. The results were analyzed by electrophoresis on agarose gel. Of the 100 isolated isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, 60 isolates were resistant to the ciprofloxacin disc, 30 isolates were resistant to neurofloxacin and 10 isolates compared to furosemide. Of the 100 isolates, 30 isolates possessed a norB resistance gene, 20 had norC gene and 20 had norA gene. Also, 10 isolates containing all three genes and 15 isolates, had 2 genes from the 3 genes studied.
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