love

Open Access Article

1 - Investigating the Effect of Brand Trust on Customer Loyalty with Regard to the Mediating Role of Brand Value and Moderating Respect and Love for the Brand Among Customers of the Mashhad Leather Brand in Tehran
مهرداد رحیمیان hiro eisavei

Fierce competition, narrowing of markets and ever-increasing changes in the needs and demands of customers have turned the topic of customer loyalty into one of the most important keywords in marketing literature. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effec More

Fierce competition, narrowing of markets and ever-increasing changes in the needs and demands of customers have turned the topic of customer loyalty into one of the most important keywords in marketing literature. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of brand trust on customer loyalty, considering the mediating role of brand value and moderating respect and love for the brand. The current research is a descriptive-correlational research from the point of view of the applied goal and from the point of view of the method. The statistical population of the research was formed by the customers of Mashhad leather brand in Tehran, 384 people were selected as a sample. In order to select the sample, the random cluster sampling method was used to select Mashhad leather brand representatives, as well as non-probability sampling available to distribute the questionnaire among customers. Six hypotheses have been used to explain the relationships between research variables. The data collection tool is a five-point Likert scale questionnaire, whose reliability has been confirmed through Cronbach's alpha test and its validity through content validity and confirmatory factor analysis. Data analysis through PLS software has shown that brand trust and brand value have a significant effect on customer loyalty. Also, the mediating role of brand value and moderation of brand love and brand respect in the effect of brand trust on customer loyalty was confirmed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Developing a framework for assessing brand love among Iranian consumers by analyzing its antecedents and consequences
somayeh alinejad masoud keimasi mohammad ali shahhoseini

The purpose of this study is to develop a model for identifying the dimensions of brand love measurement, antecedents and consequences of brand love among Iranian consumers. In this research, the researcher used a qualitative analysis method. For this purpose, the devel More

The purpose of this study is to develop a model for identifying the dimensions of brand love measurement, antecedents and consequences of brand love among Iranian consumers. In this research, the researcher used a qualitative analysis method. For this purpose, the development of the brand love model has been used through a qualitative research method by interview with a sample of 106 consumers. The data analyzed by theme analysis technique, and then the brand love model has been developed based on the grounded theory. The results of qualitative analysis show that the structure of brand love among Iranian consumers is measured through 14 dimensions (Trust, Declaration of affect, Functional perceptions, Dreams, Attraction, Memories, Self-congruity, Satisfaction, Beauty, Intimacy, Pleasure, Duration of the relationship, Uniqueness and Attachment). Brand identification, brand trust and brand image are known as brand love antecedents. As well as brand commitment, brand loyalty, word of mouth and willingness to pay a price premium as a consequences of brand love. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Investigating the Involvement of Customer Decision Making by Reflecting on the Synergistic Backgrounds of Brand Value, Brand Love, and Brand Identity in Online Brand Communities
mohamad Hadi Asgari Ali Einy

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the conflict between customer purchasing decision making and reflection on the synergistic antecedents of brand value, brand love and brand identity in online brand communities.Method: The present study is a descrip More

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the conflict between customer purchasing decision making and reflection on the synergistic antecedents of brand value, brand love and brand identity in online brand communities.Method: The present study is a descriptive-survey study based on the applied purpose. Customers and buyers of Digi Kala online store products were considered as a statistical population. A total of 384 people were selected based on Cochran's formula and available sampling method as the sample size of the research. Standard questionnaires were used to measure the research variables. The validity of the research instrument was confirmed using face validity, content and factor analysis, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient greater than 0.7 for different structures confirmed their reliability. . Data analysis was performed by structural equation modeling using LISREL software.Findings: The research findings showed that brand identity has a positive and significant effect on brand love, brand value synergy and customer purchasing decision involvement. Love for the brand has a positive and significant effect on customer conflict decision making conflict. Synergy of brand value has a positive and significant effect on customer purchase decision conflict.Conclusion: The results indicate that brand identity by considering the mediating role of brand love and synergy of brand value have a significant effect on customer decision making conflict. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - The effect of satisfaction, quality of service and innovation on brand love among the customers of domestic and foreign elected brands
pegah omrani seyed salahedin naghshbandi

10.30495/jism.2023.21961

The purpose of this research is the effect of satisfaction, service quality and innovation on brand love among customers of selected domestic and foreign brands. The statistical population of this study was all customers of domestic and foreign selected brands. 385 peop More

The purpose of this research is the effect of satisfaction, service quality and innovation on brand love among customers of selected domestic and foreign brands. The statistical population of this study was all customers of domestic and foreign selected brands. 385 people were selected as the sample using Cochran formula. The data collection tool was four questionnaires. First, the standard questionnaire of satisfaction (a = 0.84), second quality of service questionnaire (a = 0.79), third of innovation questionnaire (a = 0.81) and fourth brand love questionnaire (a = 0.86) The faculty and content validity of the questionnaires was approved by 15 sports management professors. The findings indicated that the indicators for assessing the generality of the structural equation model with respect to the optimal range of these indicators in total indicated that the supposed model is supported by the research data, that is, the fitting of the data to the model is established. And all indicators indicate the desirability of the structural equation model. The results showed that innovation is one of the important factors affecting customer satisfaction. Considering that today's competitive market, if sports brands can innovate more in their products, will take a large share of the market. And this brings brand equity to the customers. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - بررسی تأثیر عامل حساسیت سهامداران، ویژگی های سهام شرکت ها و اثر مومنتوم بر بازده سهام و عملکرد مالی شرکت های پذیرفته شده در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران
Davood Hamzeh Maryam Khalili Araghi Kambiz Peikarjoo

Investors invest in stock market to gain benefit, so always trying to make a reasonable relationship between the stock price, return and the financial performance; therefore, it is important to identify the effective factors. In this study, effect of investor’s se More

Investors invest in stock market to gain benefit, so always trying to make a reasonable relationship between the stock price, return and the financial performance; therefore, it is important to identify the effective factors. In this study, effect of investor’s sensitivity, stocks properties and the momentum effect on stocks return and financial performance were reviewed and analyzed over the period of 1386 to 1392. The statistical population of this research study is the companies listed on the Tehran Exchange Stock, and the linear regression was used for assumption testing.Methodology- This research is practical, and has examined effect of investor’s sensitivity, stocks properties and the momentum effect on stocks return and financial performance. For the shareholder’s sensitivity evaluation, the EMSI indicator has been used.Results- The shareholder’s sensitivity indicator depicted that investors had risk aversion great deal of 37.48%, during the period of investigation. Hypothesis test results presented that the sensitivity of the shareholders indicator, the ratio of book value of company to the market value, firm’s size and stocks volatility had a significant effect on stock returns. With studying effect of mentioned factors on the performance indexes, following result indicated:Shareholder’s sensitivity, firm size and the ratio of book value of company to the market value have a significant effect on company’s asset return.Firm’s size, stocks volatility and the ratio of book value of company to the market value have a significant effect on stockholder’s equity return.Firm’s size and the ratio of book value of company to the market value have a significant effecton Tobin’s Q ratio.Shareholder’s sensitivity, firm size and the ratio of book value of company to the market value have a significant effect on the ratio of stock prices to corporate profits. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Factors influencing Attitudes toward Drug Use among College Students (Case of Study: College Students University of Kharazmi)
Sayed Hossein Serajzadeh Younes Akbari

Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Studying the relationship between brand and consumer (case study: electrical home appliance)
fatemeh motahari nejad سعید صمدی زینب طولابی یاسان الله پوراشرف

present paper aims at studying the relationship between brand and consumers. In terms of purpose, this is an applied research while it is a descriptive survey in terms of data collection. Its populations consists of all electrical appliance consumers in Mashhad (Iran) s More

present paper aims at studying the relationship between brand and consumers. In terms of purpose, this is an applied research while it is a descriptive survey in terms of data collection. Its populations consists of all electrical appliance consumers in Mashhad (Iran) selected by simple random sampling method. Proportionate to sample size, 420 questionnaires were distributed in electrical home appliance in Mashhad and finally 375 usable questionnaires were analyzed. Collected data was analyzed by SPSS and LISREL software packages. LISREL was used to analyze confirmatory factor analysis and research model test. Likewise, LISREL software package was used to study reliability and exploratory factor analysis. The findings indicate that brand experience impacts on brand satisfaction, brand trust brand commitment and brand love positively and significantly; brand satisfaction and brand impact on brand love and brand commitment positively and significantly; and brand love and brand commitment impacts on word of mouth and brand loyalty positively and significantly. The most important limitations of present study include lack of cooperation by managers of shops to distribute questionnaires. The findings of present study can be used as a valuable source to improve the relationship between an Iranian brand and consumers by domestic appliance industry managers and policymakers. It is for the first time that such research studies the relationship between an Iranian brand and consumers by domestic appliance industry in Iran and analyzes new aspects of brand. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - The Effect of Consumer Perceived Values on Brand Love and Its Consequences: Explaining the Mediating Role of Brand Identity
iman hakimi

Purpose: The aim of this article is to investigate the effect of consumer perceived values on brand love and its consequences along with explaining the mediating role of brand identity in this regard. Methodology: The present study is descriptive- survey and in terms of More

Purpose: The aim of this article is to investigate the effect of consumer perceived values on brand love and its consequences along with explaining the mediating role of brand identity in this regard. Methodology: The present study is descriptive- survey and in terms of purpose is applied. The population of this study is customers of luxury brands in Tehran. The research data were collected from non-random and available sampling at the stores offering luxury brands in Tehran during the winter of 2018. Findings: Results show that actual self-congruence has the greatest impact on emotional attachment to the brand. Therefore, a sense of enthusiasm for a brand occurs when the brand is able to initially reflect the inner personality of the consumer, and then can help to enhance the person's inner identity in his social environment. Research Limitations: The use of self-report measures in data collection, especially in relation to the consequences of brand- love and limited literature on the subject of research, are among the main constraints of this research. Managerial Implications: Evidence suggests that, while hedonic values are the only direct stimulus of passionate love towards a brand, but for a sustainable relationship between consumer and brand, Utilitarian values can also, by strengthening brand identity, play a significant role in creating love for a brand. Brand love is also associated with important consequences, including loyalty, word-of-mouth advertising, and willingness to pay a price premium. Originality/Valve: Little research has focused on the antecedents of brand love, especially the importance of identity construct to create high levels of love. On the other hand, the major studies have focused on hedonic values of consumer and only few studies have examined logical values in this field. Therefore, the present study aims to eliminate these gaps.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - The Effect of Brand Personality and Brand Image on Word of Mouth
Marjan Daneshian  Shahnaz Nayebzadeh  Mahmoud Moien Addin Akram Eghbali

Brand interest is an important concept in brand-customer relationships, and brand managers are trying to create popular brands, but this concept has been less focused on marketing research; the impact of brand image and brand on brand interest has been limited in empiri More

Brand interest is an important concept in brand-customer relationships, and brand managers are trying to create popular brands, but this concept has been less focused on marketing research; the impact of brand image and brand on brand interest has been limited in empirical research. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the three concepts of brand personality consistency, brand image consistency and image consistency of brand use on brand interest, brand loyalty, attitude toward brand, and, finally, the effect of these three variables on oral advertising has been done. Data were collected through a questionnaire and data analysis was performed using the LISREL software and the structural equation technique. In this research, a sample of 200 car owners from Hyundai brand in Yazd city has been selected. This study provides evidence that the three self-concept concepts can create a completely different brand image in the minds of the consumer, which subsequently influences the attitude, interest, and brand loyalty of the brand. The findings show that brand identity and image consistency are more powerful predictors of brand interest, brand loyalty, brand attitude and oral advertising than consumer brand image consistency. The results of this research recommend marketing managers to pay particular attention to brand personality and image as intangible features and product simplicity benefits. It is suggested that future researches of various statistical societies, brands and different classes of products be examined. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Brand Authenticity in the Healthcare Industry: Analyzing of the Antecedents, Consequences and Dimensions by Using Qualitative Approach
Arash Dehghan Mohammad Javad Taghipourian Sohiela Nazarpour Marzieh Gorji

The role of brands in identifying the company's product in today's expanding markets is undeniable. The present study focuses specifically on medical centers and brands related to these centers. The issue of brand management in this industry is not taken very seriously More

The role of brands in identifying the company's product in today's expanding markets is undeniable. The present study focuses specifically on medical centers and brands related to these centers. The issue of brand management in this industry is not taken very seriously and many well-known centers with popular brands among target customers do not focus as much as they should on taking advantage of the existing brand and what is advantageous in such a market are the resources. They are human (doctors) and not the brands of these centers. The purpose of this study is to identify the determinants and consequences of brand authenticity in the healthcare industry. Therefore, by adopting a qualitative research method, on the one hand, the researcher has sought to provide solutions to solve tangible problems in the study environment, and on the other hand, has tried to eliminate study and research gaps in brand management in Iran. Reduce by identifying local antecedents and implications for brand authenticity. In the present study, interview tools (semi-structured) in the qualitative section have been used in order to collect data. In order to collect qualitative data from experts in the field of brand authenticity in the field of treatment and health of the country, an expert panel was used. In this study, members of the panel of experts were selected using the snowball sampling approach. Factors identified for brand authenticity are 2 factors, identified factors for brand authenticity antecedents are 6 factors and identified factors for brand authenticity consequences are 3 factors. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - A Review of Tourism Destination Love: Management Implications for Tourism Businesses
Abas Falahnezhad Mohammad ail abdolvand Kambiz Heidarzadeh MOHSEN khounsiavash

10.30495/jomm.2023.69332.1969

Today, branding for tourist destinations and attracting the attention and creating the love and interest of tourists for these destinations is considered a strategy for tourist destinations, which plays a vital role in the performance of destination management, in order More

Today, branding for tourist destinations and attracting the attention and creating the love and interest of tourists for these destinations is considered a strategy for tourist destinations, which plays a vital role in the performance of destination management, in order to expand their tourism opportunities and differentiate goals from competitors and finally achieve competitive advantage. Therefore, due to the importance of tourism, which has a significant impact on the environment, culture, and economy, establishing a strong emotional link between tourists and tourist destinations can be very effective in attracting tourists and, as a result, increasing income and sustainable development due to the tourism industry. Destination love is a phenomenon experienced by a group of satisfied visitors, and satisfied visitors become loyal tourists, thereby reducing costs. Since today the importance of this construct has increased as an emerging issue for academics and professionals, therefore, the purpose of this review research is to draw a clear and comprehensive picture of the phenomenon of tourist destination love and also to present management concepts and applications for tourism businesses. This review provides an in-depth insight into policymakers and planners active in tourism and hospitality businesses. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Prairie a limited effect, as a craving for a decadence, with a crop of passion, with a brand, with a mianji inscription, a realization of a luxe bodn calla
amir hooshang nazarpouri Mojtaba Hasanvand Nasrin Hasanvand Razie Jazaire

In recent years, we have seen increasing competition between companies to sell their products and services. And in the meantime, the customer's positive understanding of a brand makes it possible for him to choose a brand from among different brands and to be enthusiast More

In recent years, we have seen increasing competition between companies to sell their products and services. And in the meantime, the customer's positive understanding of a brand makes it possible for him to choose a brand from among different brands and to be enthusiastic about buying its products and services. Mediation is the perception of the luxury of the product. This research is based on the purpose of an applied research and in terms of data collection, descriptive-survey. The statistical population consists of all consumers of Bosch household appliances, which due to the unlimitedness of the statistical population and the impossibility of accessing all the target population, the sample size of 150 people was determined using Cochran's formula, and in this research, the available sampling method was used. Data have been used using Albert's brand love standard questionnaire (2010), product price perception by Lichtensin et al. (1993), factors influencing the purchase of luxury brands, Rolex et al. (2017) and researcher-made questions. Structural equation modeling analysis method was used using SPSS and SmartPLS software. The results of this research primarily confirm that restricting access to the product, perception of product luxury, and brand love are significantly related to each other. Also, limiting the brand and price has a positive and meaningful effect on brand love, but it must be said that limiting the brand has a greater impact on brand love than price. And among the components of brand love, word of mouth advertising has a higher priority than paying more and brand loyalty, which means that among customers who love the brand, word of mouth advertising is done far more than other cases. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - Studying the Relationship between Brand and Consumer (Case Study: Electrical Home Appliance)
F. Motaharinejad S. Samadi Z. Tolabi Y. Pour Ashraf

Present paper aims at studying the relationship between brand and consumers. In terms of purpose, this is an applied research while it is a descriptive survey in terms of data collection. Its populations consists of all electrical appliance consumers in Mashhad (Iran) s More

Present paper aims at studying the relationship between brand and consumers. In terms of purpose, this is an applied research while it is a descriptive survey in terms of data collection. Its populations consists of all electrical appliance consumers in Mashhad (Iran) selected by simple random sampling method. Proportionate to sample size, 420 questionnaires were distributed in electrical home appliance in Mashhad and finally 375 usable questionnaires were analyzed. Collected data was analyzed by SPSS and LISREL software packages. LISREL was used to analyze confirmatory factor analysis and research model test. Likewise, LISREL software package was used to study reliability and exploratory factor analysis. The findings indicate that brand experience impacts on brand satisfaction, brand trust brand commitment and brand love positively and significantly; brand satisfaction and brand impact on brand love and brand commitment positively and significantly; and brand love and brand commitment impacts on word of mouth and brand loyalty positively and significantly. The most important limitations of present study include lack of cooperation by managers of shops to distribute questionnaires. The findings of present study can be used as a valuable source to improve the relationship between an Iranian brand and consumers by domestic appliance industry managers and policymakers. It is for the first time that such research studies the relationship between an Iranian brand and consumers by domestic appliance industry in Iran and analyzes new aspects of brand.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - Extramarital Relations as a Need for Attention (Case Study of Rafsanjan Women)
reza akbari Afsaneh tvassoli bahram ghadimi

Establishing social interaction between individuals is one of the innate needs of man. Interaction and communication with others is one of the basic needs in human life. Man is looking for someone who feels happier with them and gets more pleasure and benefit from inter More

Establishing social interaction between individuals is one of the innate needs of man. Interaction and communication with others is one of the basic needs in human life. Man is looking for someone who feels happier with them and gets more pleasure and benefit from interacting with them. Different human needs make him or her exposed to different communications. The need to communicate with the opposite sex sometimes causes relationships that are outside our country's Islamic culture and custom. The purpose of this study was to investigate the causes and contexts of extramarital relationships among women in Rafsanjan. The research method is the foundation data theory which data was collected through semi-structured interviews with 15 women. The method of selecting participants was targeted and quantified by reaching the saturation stage. Out of 1127 raw data, 875 concepts, 125 sub-categories and 54 main categories were extracted from the preliminary data. Finally, the central concept of attention was chosen as the main phenomenon that covered the rest of the categories. Attention-seeking requires the attention and affection of the other party. This attention is more focused on the emotional aspects and emotional needs of the participants. The results of this study showed that the most important factor in women's tendency to extramarital affairs is "attention seeking". Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - Harry Gordon Frankfurt on Love
ندا مسلمی مالک حسینی

Harry Frankfurt construes a different conception of love. He does notrecognize love as a response to the perceived worth of the beloved,because one may love something with no value at all. In contrast to thecommon belief that only valuable things are to be loved, Frankf More

Harry Frankfurt construes a different conception of love. He does notrecognize love as a response to the perceived worth of the beloved,because one may love something with no value at all. In contrast to thecommon belief that only valuable things are to be loved, Frankfurtargues that we, by loving anything we want, make valuable what welove. Anything we love will necessarily be valuable to us because welove it. Frankfurt believes self-love to be the purest form of love. Weall see self-love as one of the goods that we care about. Love has fourmain necessary features. First, love is a disinterested concern for thewell-being of what is loved. Second, love is personal and there cannotbe an alternative for the beloved. Third, the lover identifies her or himwith her or his beloved; that is, they take the interests of their belovedas their own. Finally, love requires volitional necessities and we cannotchoose what to love. By loving we always pursue the final end, an endwhich has intrinsic value for us; it is valuable for its own sake, andthat’s why we always know which way to take and which desires tofollow. With love; then, we will not be affected with mental confusion;instead, we will feel a sense of freedom. The present article discussesHarry Frankfurt̉ s view on concept, significance and characteristics oflove. In spite of having a description format, the article includes inconclusion critics on Frankfurt̉ s view. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - Mystical Foundations of St. Paul's Ethical Doctrines
Homeyra Arsanjani مجتبی Zurvani

The vital role of St.Paul in the history of Christianity needs no proof. Christian life of Paul began with his own vision of Christ; This conversion resulted in his theological and ethical teachings. So that, his “Christ-Mysticism” has been regarded as the h More

The vital role of St.Paul in the history of Christianity needs no proof. Christian life of Paul began with his own vision of Christ; This conversion resulted in his theological and ethical teachings. So that, his “Christ-Mysticism” has been regarded as the heart of his ideas and thought. Accordingly, love, as the major element of Paul’s ethic and the gift of “spirit”, parallel to faith, as the main element of his theology and the fruit of grace, make the fulfillment of true Law possible. In Pauline mysticism, “being-in-Christ” follows a “new creation” in piety and edification. This attitude, together with a moral-mystical interpretation of sacraments substitutes Law of love for the Law of works. In this article, Paul’s ethics is surveyed with regard to his special personality, his fanatical legalism, his following psychological crisis, and finally his visionary experience of Jesus Christ. Furthermore, Pauline and Stoic Ethics are comparatively discussed.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - Concept of Love from Rūzbahān Baqlī’s Viewpoint
محمودرضا اسفندیار فاطمه سلیمانی کوشالی

Love has a significant place in the mysticism of Rūzbahān Baqlī– theprominent mystic of the 12th century. Dealing with the concept of loveis the continuation of a tradition that dates back to the early generationsof Sufis. This tradition noticeably has been reflec More

Love has a significant place in the mysticism of Rūzbahān Baqlī– theprominent mystic of the 12th century. Dealing with the concept of loveis the continuation of a tradition that dates back to the early generationsof Sufis. This tradition noticeably has been reflected in Rūzbahān’sworks, especially in his Abhar al-‘Āshiqīn. In fact, he constructed hismystical path on the basis of love. He believed that love has floweddown into the whole chain of beings, from the highest level to thelowest one.From his point of view, love is one of the God’s attributes. SinceGod’s attributes are inseparable from His essence, and the essence ofGod is ineffable, so love is ineffable too. Therefore, only love coulddescribe itself. Love has no limitations; so, only love can transform therelationship between the Creator and the creature into a relationshipbetween the lover and the Beloved. Rūzbahān considers human beingas a manifestation of God’s beauty. He admires physical beauty andgoodness as an essential element for falling in love and so he believesin an eternal relation between goodness and love. He considers earthylove as a motivating factor for attaining the divine love. By presentingdifferent categories of love, he shows the way to go through this path. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - Movement of God’s love in Creation and its Relation to the Breath of the All-merciful
فاطمه عباسی

Love is a divine stage. God attributed love to himself and calledhimself the Loving (wadud). He loved himself at first then loved toobserve himself in others, so created the universe in His own form. Hesaw the universe and loved it. Since God created the universe in His More

Love is a divine stage. God attributed love to himself and calledhimself the Loving (wadud). He loved himself at first then loved toobserve himself in others, so created the universe in His own form. Hesaw the universe and loved it. Since God created the universe in Hisown form, universe is beautiful and God loves beauty. If there was nolove, the Loving and the All-merciful God were not recognized. Lovein its absoluteness exists in all seen and unseen creatures. The Loving’sfirst manifestation is the theophany of the Divine Essence for Itself, inthe images of all the fixed entities (al-a‘yān al-thābita) in the DivineKnowledge. By the second manifestation the immutable entitiesappeared in the outward world. So every thing were emanated by love.Since the universe was manifested by the Breath of the All-merciful,the essence of this Breath is love. God created the universe by Hisbreath. He created it and made Himself recognized because if He wasnot recognized His names and attributes were not manifested and theuniverse remained in nonexistence (‘adam). Therefore, God’s love ofthe recognition of his names and attributes is the cause of creation. Manuscript profile

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19 - Manners of the Man’s Relation with God in Mawlānā’s and Tresa’s Viewpoint
B. Qanbarī

God is the central theme in mysticism. Therefore, all the mystics’endeavors are in direct of establishing a relation with Him. During the historyof different mystical traditions, various paths are recommended for suchcommunication. In both Islamic and Christian my More

God is the central theme in mysticism. Therefore, all the mystics’endeavors are in direct of establishing a relation with Him. During the historyof different mystical traditions, various paths are recommended for suchcommunication. In both Islamic and Christian mystical traditions, mysticshave both theorized and practiced in various kinds. Although these twotraditions, have some similarities for a comparative study, but their differentattitudes toward God and man has caused some divergences too. InChristianity, God enters into the course of the history within the Christ’s bodyand causes a totally different relation by His incarnation. It is obvious thatsuch a God is not comparable with Islamic concept of the unconditioned God.Instead of all these facts, in both traditions God has personification and this istheir most significant similarity that facilitates a comparison.Tresa of Avila and Jalāl al-Dīn Mohammad Mawlawī, are among themost significant mystics of these two traditions. Both Tresa and Mawlānā,have considered a personal relation with God as the basis of their journeytowards Him, and their works testify to this fact. This survey may besignificant in opening a new view to comparative studies of mysticism. TheAuthor’s method is phenomenological and comparative. At first, a concisebiography of Tresa is reported, but for Mawlānā’s reputation among thereaders, the author has withheld from referring to his biography. Manuscript profile

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20 - The Characteristics of Divine Love from the Viewpoint of St. John of the Cross
ابوالفضل محمودی لیلا رضایی

Divine love is the cornerstone of John's mystical life. His heart wassurrounded by the flame of love, so much so that every teaching in hismind was strongly connected to it. He believed that by transformationof soul into the divine love, it achieves all virtues and coul More

Divine love is the cornerstone of John's mystical life. His heart wassurrounded by the flame of love, so much so that every teaching in hismind was strongly connected to it. He believed that by transformationof soul into the divine love, it achieves all virtues and could be able toreceive God's epiphanies. On the other hand, the spiritual itinerarycould not come to an end without love. Thus love is both the way andthe goal of the mystical journey. For John, love is the bearer of blissand knowledge and brings about the unity of the lover and the beloved.He emphasized the annihilation of oneself in Christ, so that the truelover for him is one who abandons his will to the Lord. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

21 - The Transformation of Human Love to Divine Love from Rūzbahān Baqlī's Viewpoint
زهرا Koshki انشاالله Rahmati GH Arya علیرضا Ebrahim

According to the doctrine of love in the Sufi worldview, the relation between human love and Divine love has always been the subject of debate and has made it a factor to explain the "hierarchy of monotheism". This paper, which is compiled in a descriptive-analytical an More

According to the doctrine of love in the Sufi worldview, the relation between human love and Divine love has always been the subject of debate and has made it a factor to explain the "hierarchy of monotheism". This paper, which is compiled in a descriptive-analytical and phenomenological approach, shows that for Rūzbahān Baqlī, the relation between human love and Divine love is not from the viewpoint of “al-Majaz Qantaratu al-Haqiqah” but from the view that a genuine human love is God’s love. Rūzbahān, especially by highlighting the concept of "esoteric monotheism" versus "formal monotheism", reveals significant differences with its three contemporaries, followers of Shari'ah, outspoken Sufis, and most of the mystics of his time. Finally, by explaining the meaning of the two words Ighanah and Iltibas, He introduces the focus on "manifestations" of that eternal truth in the form of creatures, especially human beings, as the only way to understand the eternal beauty of God and to taste the love of communion and attainment of inner monotheism.  Manuscript profile

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22 - Divine Lover According to Richard Rolle and Aḥmad Ghazālī with an Emphasis on Fire of Love and Sawāniḥ al –ushshāq
زهره Hemmat فاطمه Lajevardi

This article compares the views of Richard Rolle (ca. 1300- 1349), an English hermit, mystic, writer and Bible interpreter and Aḥmad Ghazālī (ca. 1060- 1126), an Iranian mystic, writer and preacher on love. These mystics have spoken of love in detail in their works, Fir More

This article compares the views of Richard Rolle (ca. 1300- 1349), an English hermit, mystic, writer and Bible interpreter and Aḥmad Ghazālī (ca. 1060- 1126), an Iranian mystic, writer and preacher on love. These mystics have spoken of love in detail in their works, Fire of Love and Sawāniḥ al -ushshāq. This paper, shows that topics on love in these two books include: The essence of love, The beloved, Characteristics of a lover, Essentials of love and Results of love. Re-examining these categories illustrates the differences and similarities between the two mystics' views of the concept of love and lovers. The ideas of Rolle and Ghazālī are overlapping in the nature of love, but their views differ significantly on other topics. From Rolle's point of view, love cannot be realized except through the religious context and Christian ethics, and it only makes sense in relation to God, Christ and the Trinity. However, in Ghazālī's view, the ontological and psychological aspects of love and lover are more intense, and it is capable of being experienced in relation to God and his creatures. The present study compares the view of this two mystics on the Characteristics of lover in detail.  Manuscript profile

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23 - Investigate the Antecedents and Consequences of Brand Love with the Approach of Contrasting Social Media Marketing Activities and Customers’ Lived Experience (Study case: Alifard Company, Sanich Industrial Group)
farinoosh lazar Reza Kiani

Today, it is no secret that satisfaction with another brand could not comprehensively create a competitive advantage for an organization. In fact, in the present age, gaining a competitive advantage and the success of a brand in general is linked to a phenomenon called More

Today, it is no secret that satisfaction with another brand could not comprehensively create a competitive advantage for an organization. In fact, in the present age, gaining a competitive advantage and the success of a brand in general is linked to a phenomenon called “brand love”. Thus, investigating the antecedents and consequences of brand love is the most important topic in marketing science and among researchers. On the other hand, regarding the increasing influence and spread of social media in businesses, the main purpose of the present research is to investigate the antecedents and consequences of brand love with the approach of contrasting social media marketing activities and customers’ lived experience. The statistical population of the study included all the Sunich brand customers in social networks who were selected through convenience sampling. In line with the purpose of the research, the descriptive-survey research method was used in the study. In this research, library and field research methods were used in order to collect the necessary information and a questionnaire was used as a research instrument. The collected data from the statistical sample were analyzed by SPSS software and Smart-PLS software. The research results indicate that all seven research hypotheses are confirmed. This means that social media marketing activities have a positive impact on self-expressive brand. Also, social media marketing activities, self-expressive brand and brand experience have a positive impact on brand love; and finally, brand love has a positive impact on purchase intention, loyalty intention and the participation intention. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

24 - Jami's "Leili" and Nezami's "Leili"
Mehdi Ala'l Hosseini

Leili and Majnoon's story is every honest lover's story. Despite of many different versions, failure in love is common in all. This old fabulous story was written by Nezami in Persian for the first time. Then other poets relate this story after him which the most famous More

Leili and Majnoon's story is every honest lover's story. Despite of many different versions, failure in love is common in all. This old fabulous story was written by Nezami in Persian for the first time. Then other poets relate this story after him which the most famous one is Abdol Rahman .Jami's, He composed this story 300 years later after him. In the present article, the characters are introduced from different literal studies and have surveyed different points of view of two precious poets Jami and Nezami _ about these two lovers. Manuscript profile

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25 - Manifestation and concurrence of Seven Cities of Love in Molana and Paulo Coelho’s works
Shahriyar Hassan Zadeh

Comparative literature is a window to the world of sincerity in which the common aspects of literature, culture, poetry and mysticism manifest in spite of the time and place differences. Mysticism is Molana’s source of inspiration according to &ldqu More

Comparative literature is a window to the world of sincerity in which the common aspects of literature, culture, poetry and mysticism manifest in spite of the time and place differences. Mysticism is Molana’s source of inspiration according to “Nicholson” and Arberry knows him as the greatest mystic poet in the history. On the other hand Paulo Coelho is a thinker who lived with the ups and downs of life. The author of the present article attempts to reveal the manifestation and concurrence of Seven Cities of Love in these two mystic lovers’ thoughts. Manuscript profile

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26 - Themes of social love in poems of Ahmad Shamloo and NizarQabbani
Sohayla Salahi Moghadam Marziye Asghar Nejad Farid

Lyric poetry in contemporary literature has changed. “Woman” has changed from aesthetic subject to an active persona and in the literature field; we can see the effects of this activity and creativity. With contrastive literature as a branch of comparative l More

Lyric poetry in contemporary literature has changed. “Woman” has changed from aesthetic subject to an active persona and in the literature field; we can see the effects of this activity and creativity. With contrastive literature as a branch of comparative literature, we study the common subjects in global literature which there are not composed or written by effect from each other, but they are the result of same situations and approaches. In this article, ten common concepts for description “woman” in Nizar Qabbani, Arab contemporary poet, and poems of Ahmad Shamlou, Iranian contemporary poet, are studied. In some poetic periods of these poets, both, lyric and social and poetical issues mixed together and “love” is seen in a specific balance. There are two basic approaches in the poetry of both poets, in first approach bands the poet heat and verve of challenge and social concern. In second approach, “love” gives poet hope for challeng. Beloved in the shape of a prophet and a perfect “woman” is the source of beauty and goodness in the poet’s world and celebrates the days of victory with poet.   Manuscript profile

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27 - A Comparison of the Meaning of Platonic Love in Sir Philip Sidney’s Astrophel and Stella and Voyeurism in Divan of Hafiz
Sima Farshid Parvaneh Shahin Nejad

The theme of many poems especially sonnets in world’s literature is “Love”; sonnet is in fact poetry of love which wells up from the heart of the lovers. At times this love originates from such ideology and philosophy that it is hardly paraphrased. Pl More

The theme of many poems especially sonnets in world’s literature is “Love”; sonnet is in fact poetry of love which wells up from the heart of the lovers. At times this love originates from such ideology and philosophy that it is hardly paraphrased. Plato who lived in the era of polytheism has such a peculiar perception of love that distinguishes him completely from other philosophers of his time; the love which connects him to the divine origin of life. The impact of platonic love could be clearly observed in renaissance sonnets and in the works of poets like Petrarch who was himself inspiring for British poets like Spencer and Sir Philip Sydney. East also represents different complicated forms of love which are influenced by mystic thoughts especially Islamic mysticism. One of these representations of eastern love is voyeurism which is a way to reach spiritual love. The present article compares the meaning of platonic love in Sir Philip Sidney’s Strophe and Stella with voyeurism in Divan of Hafiz. Manuscript profile

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28 - Evidences of aesthetics in Attar and Rumi’s mysticism
Rashin Bani Najjarian Reza Heidari Nouri

The aesthetics’ background should be sought among olden and ancient tribes. The first steps have been taken by the civilizations of Iran, India and Greece this direction, and they have left good achievements in memory. Aestheticism school in Islamic Iranian m More

The aesthetics’ background should be sought among olden and ancient tribes. The first steps have been taken by the civilizations of Iran, India and Greece this direction, and they have left good achievements in memory. Aestheticism school in Islamic Iranian mysticism was formed in initial centuries of Islam applying the achievements of Greek wisdom and Eastern enlightenment, especially with the use of ancient Iranian wisdom, and has become a major school in Islamic mysticism enjoying Qur'anic doctrines.  The pioneers of the mentioned school were all Iranians. Great mystics such as Maulana Jalaluddin Rumi and Attar Neyshaburi, whose willing for beauty and aestheticism have always been remarkable in their mystical works. Attar Neyshaburi also believes in the reflection of the truth beauty in other creatures; Especially the earthly lover who is mentioned in the story of Sheikh of Sana’an and the Christian Girl in " Manṭiq-uṭ-Ṭayr" (Conference of Birds).  The present article attempts to provide information about the concept of beauty and aesthetics in Islamic mysticism by considering Attar and Rumi’s mystical works and ideas. Manuscript profile

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29 - Comparative Study on Virtual Love in Hossein Monzavi and Nizar Qabbani's Poetries
Javad Kaboutari Ozra Mosaei Fatemeh Ka'ab Asl

Love is one of the most frequent and popular categories in the field of human interests and feelings especially in the realm of human's written language. Everyone composes love by his assumption by his own emotions.  Although love is viewed from two true and v More

Love is one of the most frequent and popular categories in the field of human interests and feelings especially in the realm of human's written language. Everyone composes love by his assumption by his own emotions.  Although love is viewed from two true and virtual perspectives and virtual love is seen only in the worldly love, sometimes true love is manifested in the body of the worldly lover such as love of child to mother or vice versa. Virtual love is not limited to worldly and beautiful beloved but extends to deeper issues such as loving freedom, homeland, children and so on. Nizar Qabbani's and Monzavi were stylistic romantic poets who could link classical literature to contemporary one. Both poets seek to create a new language for expressing love and consider love sacred. Nizar Qabbani's viewpoint of women is closely related to politics, homeland and freedom and tries to raise women's humanistic values. The woman does not have a specific evidence in his poetries and he means the general Arab women, but in the Monzavi poetries a specific woman is mentioned. Both know Mother as the spirit of their poems and have composed beautiful poems describing mothers, fathers, spouses and children. Manuscript profile

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30 - The talk about ethics and courtesy of love in persisn lyrical account of love especially in khosro and shirin
Soheila Mohaghegh Mahbobeh Khorasani morteza rashidi

10.30495/dk.2022.697627

Love is a manifestation of human emotions. Logically, neither of lovers can commit themselves to loving the other one in the same way for ever. This has made philosophers consider this issue carefully. The aim of ethics of love is to not disregard morality and courtesy More

Love is a manifestation of human emotions. Logically, neither of lovers can commit themselves to loving the other one in the same way for ever. This has made philosophers consider this issue carefully. The aim of ethics of love is to not disregard morality and courtesy of love emphasizes the attitude of lovers after falling in love. Both ethics and courtesy of love determine the success or failure of the love relationship. Our question is how lovers would interact with each other in classic lyrical account of love, compared with some of contemporary accounts of temporary love. Since love is exquisitely manifested in classic works like Khosro and Shirin, this work was selected as the source of the study. Based on Mostafa Malekian’s article, a qualitative analysis was done to read this work to find the impact of observing or ignoring morality and courtesy of love in the romance between the love characters of this story. It was concluded that ignoring ethics of love is evident in classic works and that main characters commit immorality in love so the success of their romance is put in danger. Khosro ignoring the ethics and courtesy of love, destroys their romance. Shirin, however, observes both the ethics and courtesy of love. She behaves reasonably and tries to have love and abstinence simultaneously. It is also interesting that female lovers tend to observe the ethics and courtesy of love more than male lovers. Manuscript profile

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31 - Post-colonial Criticism of Rouhangiz Sharifian’s Works
Roya Rabizade Fateme Heydari

As a critical approach, post-colonialism has emerged in the field of cultural studies through recent decades. It is, in fact, a representation of a kind of reaction to the colonialism and its cultural, social and political impressions. Post-colonial studies rely on the More

As a critical approach, post-colonialism has emerged in the field of cultural studies through recent decades. It is, in fact, a representation of a kind of reaction to the colonialism and its cultural, social and political impressions. Post-colonial studies rely on the function of cultural and cognitive factors, and intend to reveal the different methods the colonialist rulers have applied to colonize societies through the history. The unbalanced allocation of wealth and population played out especially during post-colonial era has caused the increasing of emigrations, which in turns, changes the language, the residency, the demeanor, and beyond them melts one’s identity. As a new phenomenon, immigration could be studied in the scope of post-colonial studies, and the present research aims first at introducing the principles of post-colonial theory and its elements, and secondly at investigating the works of the London-based Iranian emigrant writer, Rouhangiz Sharifian Manuscript profile

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32 - Mysticism place in Shahriar poetry
Seyed Mohammad Shahmoradi

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33 - Aestheticism in Zoroastrian Mysticism and Its Similarity with Rumi’s Mysticism
Soheyla Zoqi

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34 - Investigation of the love concept in the poems of Jamil bin Muammar based on the Plato's Symposium
Reyhane Sardar Ali Ganjian Khenari Seyed Ebrahim Dibaji

Plato is one of the three great philosopher in classical Greece. The human being and his problems are the main concerns in his works. Then, the major efforts in his philosophical essays is paying attention to the human issues like ethics, justice, love etc. . . . Since More

Plato is one of the three great philosopher in classical Greece. The human being and his problems are the main concerns in his works. Then, the major efforts in his philosophical essays is paying attention to the human issues like ethics, justice, love etc. . . . Since past, Plato’s written works, due to their ethical and idealistic point of view, has drawn the attention of western and eastern philosophers and his ideas has been welcomed by Muslim philosophers and even Islamic mysticism has been influenced by Plato’s ideas. One of the concepts he has addressed is love. Plato has paid attention to the concept of love in three works called Phaedrus, the Republic, and in Special Way of Symposium. The Symposium is a narrative of the six Athenian’s dialect (including Socrates) about love that Plato is narrating. In the present study, we tried to investigate the concept of love in the Ozri love-seeker poet's book, Jamil bin Muammar, with an analytical and comparative approach based on the opinions expressed in Symposium and in a Particular Way according to Socrates opinions. In other words this study is a comparative investigation between viewpoint of Plato as a cultured philosopher and Jamil bin Muammar as a poet who has been lived in an Islamic society and has been purified by Islamic morality. Therefor, the study aims to discovering the common points and ideas in the Symposium and poems of Jamil. What has come out of this investigation is that some aspects of the opinions presented in Symposium, especially Socrates opinions are seen in the lyrics of Jamil Bin Muammar and his view of love. We see these aspects in the cores of the love’s interstitial nature of love, seeking half-lost (or alter ego), characteristic of immortality of love, and love and courage. Manuscript profile

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35 - Characteristics of Lover and Beloved in the Odes of Attār and Mowlānā : A Comparative Study
Faezeh Payriz Zanjani Mehdi Mahoozi Mandana Hashemi

Love is one of the main concepts and themes in Persian literature. Attār and Mowlānā (Rumi) who are both nobles of romantic mysticism, prefer suffering in love to ascetic life. In the present article using comparative method, the manifestations of the lover and the belo More

Love is one of the main concepts and themes in Persian literature. Attār and Mowlānā (Rumi) who are both nobles of romantic mysticism, prefer suffering in love to ascetic life. In the present article using comparative method, the manifestations of the lover and the beloved is analyzed in the odes of two poets and their views is extracted and expressed from one hundred verses that contain common and different views of them. This article aims to study the manifestations of the lover and the beloved in the odes of Attār and Mowlānā in order to describe similarities and differences between these two poets. This study is done through descriptive-analytical method. Findings of the study reveal that although there are differences between Mowlānā and Attār views in the issue of love, Mowlānā is greatly influenced by Attār, but has numerous abnormalities. Attār in his description of love, focuses more on bodily and external aspects rather than the mystical and spiritual aspects of the lover and especially the beloved. So that the bodily descriptions are more frequent. In Mowlānā odes, the descriptions of the beloved are totally mystical and even in the verses in which the poet, if necessary, describes the appearance of the beloved, they are accompanied with the mystical odour, so that the reader feels that the appearance of the beloved in these descriptions is rather symbolic. Manuscript profile

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36 - The analysis of narrative time in Sahar Khalifeh's Hobbi al-Awwal (My First and Only Love), according to Gerard Genette' structuralist theory
Hamideh Souri Mostafa Babak Farzaneh LEILA GHASEMI

Time is one of the main structural elements upon which stories are formed. In classics, time structure relied on a logical and causal relationship, but along with the changes in reality, time movement was subjected to the changes. The writers benefited from this element More

Time is one of the main structural elements upon which stories are formed. In classics, time structure relied on a logical and causal relationship, but along with the changes in reality, time movement was subjected to the changes. The writers benefited from this element in their narrative objectives and decided to experience other forms of the time. This attitude caused to leave sequential time and disagreement between narrative and story times. The difference between two times is made in contemporary novels by the sequence and rhythm techniques. Sahar Khalifeh retells history of Palestine through a love story in Hobbi al-Awwal (My First and Only Love), by returning to the past.  Adopting a descriptive-analytical method, this research examines time structure in the novel without attention to the concept of repetition on the basis of Genette's narrative time, and through temporal distances between the story and narrative, by using a descriptive-analytic method. The time structure of the novel due to the interference between the present and the past is scattered. This is formed by various techniques for strengthening the story's objectives, which either accelerate or decelerate the narrative and include summary, deletion, stream of consciousness, internal dialogue and rendition, making time longer in some scenes and shorter in some others. Manuscript profile

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37 - Amalgamation of two different experiences: presence of dystopian in the romantic experience of Yassin Taha Hafez
Ati Abiat Abdoalhossin Feghi Hossein Elyasi

Yassin Taha Hafez belongs to a group of poets who mix in their poems the experience of romantic love and the experience of place in its covering dimension outside the romantic framework associated with different manners of love and desire or distance and separation. The More

Yassin Taha Hafez belongs to a group of poets who mix in their poems the experience of romantic love and the experience of place in its covering dimension outside the romantic framework associated with different manners of love and desire or distance and separation. The romantic experience in this genre of poetry is unique and has a new color, in that it narrates the story of love in corrupted city.  The present article studies this new poetic dimension in the poems of Taha Hafiz Yasin by use of descriptive analytic method. The aim of the article is the study of amalgamation between the experience of romantic love and the experience of presence in corrupted city in the poems of Taha Hafiz Yasin. The results of the study show that the poems of Taha Hafez Yassin have two dimensions, i.e. they are connected to the place and the experience of romantic love that tells the story of Fatima, the poet's beloved. The poet in all his poetic works draws the corruption of his own city that is in contradiction with the serenity of love and purity, a corrupted environment in which the modern man cannot experience    pure romantic love. The contradiction results from dominant negative circumstance on the city and existence of materialism in the city as well as overflow of inclination to the body and lust and destruction of dynamism in the modern city. Manuscript profile

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38 - Allegorical images of Animus in Forough Farrokhzad's poems
Mohammad Reza Kamali Baniyani

10.30495/jpll.2022.698189

One of the influential poets in Persian literature is Forough Farrokhzad. Due to the dominance of his idealistic poetry in contrast to idealistic poetry, his poetry has shifted to a kind of democratic poetry. Careful analysis of his poems shows the metamorphosis and met More

One of the influential poets in Persian literature is Forough Farrokhzad. Due to the dominance of his idealistic poetry in contrast to idealistic poetry, his poetry has shifted to a kind of democratic poetry. Careful analysis of his poems shows the metamorphosis and metamorphosis of his poems from a kind of taste hermeneutics to a kind of philosophical hermeneutics. The purpose of this study is to show the allegorical forms in Forough Farrokhzad's poems. This research has been done by descriptive-analytical method and by examining the revelation of allegorical aspects of animus in Forough Farrokhzad's poems.Based on this research, it is determined what are the examples of animus that Forough Farrokhzad has used in his poems and what effect each of them has had on the expression of his thoughts.The authors of this research have found allegorical images of animus in Forough Farrokhzad's poems in coherent places and in different forms such as myths, religious ceremonies, dreams and personal imaginations, etc. Manuscript profile

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39 - Truelove Criteria in Mnzvmeyeh Khosrow and Shirin
Raviyeh Kord Afshari

The study of the concept of love in Persian literature in various aspects has been under the consideration of researchers from ancient times until today. Also, there are numerous researches on Nezami’s Khosrow and Shirin. But the exclusive study of this topic in t More

The study of the concept of love in Persian literature in various aspects has been under the consideration of researchers from ancient times until today. Also, there are numerous researches on Nezami’s Khosrow and Shirin. But the exclusive study of this topic in the romance of Khosrow and Shirin and indicating its characteristics and representing standards that reflect the purity of the lovers and their relation has not been done separately. In this article we briefly define different types of love and mention their effects and results as well as studying different views in this case. In this article proved that not all the loves mentioned in Ghanaian Literature are erotic. There are such things as Hobbe Azri in Leyli and Majnun and pure love in Khosrow and Shirin. After mentioning the difference between Hobbe Azri and pure love, the existence of pure love in Khosrow and Shirin is shown with poetic evidence in a process. Then, its standards in Khosrow and Shirin are analyzed with poetic evidence and story analysis, so that the boundary between erotic love, pure love and hobbe azri is represented. Manuscript profile

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40 - Analytical research on two allegorical treatises: Hay _IBN _YAQZAN and Reality of Love
Alimohammad Saberi

This article is an analysis of the symbolic and allegorical biennial of HAYE _ IBN _ YAQZAN Avicenna, Reality of Love sohrevardi. It is worth saying that both stories have an existential correspondence with each other. Because both Paths of the seeker clergy show that More

This article is an analysis of the symbolic and allegorical biennial of HAYE _ IBN _ YAQZAN Avicenna, Reality of Love sohrevardi. It is worth saying that both stories have an existential correspondence with each other. Because both Paths of the seeker clergy show that the fear of returing to their original homeland has a clear conscience. And in this way,they see obstacles in front of them that they must overcome. Both sages have spoken in the language of metaphor and irony and have expressed their intentions in language. What is clearly stated in the year book is that: the seeker must be released From the prison of his body and soul and his soul must fly to his original and heavenly homeland. Manuscript profile

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41 - Examining the fields of allegorical application in the collection of "Grammar of Love" by Qaisar Aminpour
Mohammad GhasemiFard Akbar shabany mahdi novrooz batool Fakhre Eslam

Allegory is one of the most important literary tools that has had a special reflection in terms of structure and content in the field of Persian literature. Due to the capabilities of this literary genre, it is used to express different concepts of lyrical, educational, More

Allegory is one of the most important literary tools that has had a special reflection in terms of structure and content in the field of Persian literature. Due to the capabilities of this literary genre, it is used to express different concepts of lyrical, educational, epic, mystical, etc. This degree of flexibility has perpetuated the role of allegory in the field of literature. Qaisar Aminpour is one of the contemporary poets who has purposefully used allegory in his poems to explain and explain his meaning. In the present article, relying on library resources and research articles, as well as descriptive-analytical methods, the fields of application of allegory in the collection of "Grammar of Love" have been studied and explored. The research results show that the fields of application of allegory by Aminpour are: "Challenging unacceptable behaviors; changing moral cues and providing alternative patterns; creating strong associations in the mind and objectification; indirect teaching of moral points; simplification of concepts". Complex and change the semantic framework of a concept. Manuscript profile

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42 - Love Regarding Sanayee and Mola Sadra
Hossein Esmaeelie Mehdi Tadayon

‘Love’ is one of the most important issues to which both spiritual and gnostic philosophers have had eyes on and have had orated about. They recognize ‘love’ as the foundation of the universe because of  which, all creatures from the lowest More

‘Love’ is one of the most important issues to which both spiritual and gnostic philosophers have had eyes on and have had orated about. They recognize ‘love’ as the foundation of the universe because of  which, all creatures from the lowest to the highest, are moving toward the source and origin of ‘love’ i.e., the almighty God. Sanayee Ghaznavi and Mola Sadra Shirazi are from the two spiritual and gnostic philosophers who have had ‘love’ as the key role in their works. The similarity in their views can be straightforwardly seen in Sananyee’s works and poems and Mola Sadra’s masterpiece; Shavahed Alrabobye. ‘The significance of love’, ‘the flow of love’,  dividing love into ‘real’ and ‘virtual’ love, ‘convergence of love with pain and suffering’, and the virtual love as a bridge to reality of ‘annihilation in Allah’ are from the issues about which both Sanayee and Mola Sadra have analogous opinions. After illustrating the concept of ‘love’, this study aims at investigating the correspondence between Sanayee and Mola Sadra’s impressions about the issue. Manuscript profile

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43 - The Effect of Emotion Focused Method Training Approach on Marital Intimacy
zahra ghaderi

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of training with emotion focused method approach on marital intimacy. This study employed a semi-experimental method and used a pre-test, post-test design with experimental and control groups. Statistical population of More

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of training with emotion focused method approach on marital intimacy. This study employed a semi-experimental method and used a pre-test, post-test design with experimental and control groups. Statistical population of this study included all parents of primary and secondary students in Bandar Abbas city in the academic year of 2013-2014 (1392-93s.c.). From among 185 couples who were registered to participate in the study, 97 couples who had received low scores in components of Love questionnaire, were selected by purposive sampling method. Then, 40 couples were selected randomly and assigned in the experimental (20 couples) and control (20 couples) groups. The tools of this study were Triangular Love Questionnaire or Components of Love (Sternberg, 1997), and participants’ demographic information. The data were analyzed by analysis of covariance. The results showed that emotion focused method training approach increased couples intimacy significantly and positively (P < 0.05). It was concluded that emotion focused training approach can be used to increase marital intimacy. Manuscript profile

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44 - The Relationship between General Self-Efficacy, Belonging and Love and Meaning in Life through the Mediating of Social Values among Secondary school Girls
omidali bapiri mehrdad kalantari Hamid Taher Neshat Doost seyed hamid reza oreyzi samani

10.30486/jsrp.2019.560893.1177

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between general self-efficacy, belonging and love with meaning in life by mediating of social values in girls adolescent through structural equations modelling. This is a correlation study using causal modeli More

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between general self-efficacy, belonging and love with meaning in life by mediating of social values in girls adolescent through structural equations modelling. This is a correlation study using causal modeling. The statistical population of the study was 4476 students in the third year of high school. A sample of 200 people was selected through multistage cluster random sampling.. Measurement tools included a Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (Sherer and Maddox, 1982), Belonging and Love Scale, Social Values Scale, and Meaning in Life Questionnaire (Steger et al, 2006). Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling approach.. The findings indicated that the direct relationship of the variables of general self-efficacy, belonging, love and social values on the meaning variable in life was significant (P<0.05). Also, the indirect relationship of self-efficacy variable and belonging and love on a meaning in life is significant if the variable of social values is mediator (P<0.05). Manuscript profile

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45 - The model of variables affecting brand love and commitment and its impact on brand loyalty, willingness to pay more and word of mouth in smart phone users
hadi seyedfazli Vahidreza mirabi karim hamdi

10.30486/jsrp.2021.1920916.2814

The aim of this study was evaluating the model of variables affecting brand love and commitment and its impact on brand loyalty, willingness to pay more and word of mouth in smart phone users. The research design was a relational and structural equation modeling. The st More

The aim of this study was evaluating the model of variables affecting brand love and commitment and its impact on brand loyalty, willingness to pay more and word of mouth in smart phone users. The research design was a relational and structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this study consisted of all smartphone users. For sampling, 180 students of the Islamic Azad University of Tehran, who were users of smart phones with Apple, Samsung and Huawei brands, were selected by simple random sampling. Assessment tools included questionnaires of brand love (Unal & Aydin, 2013), brand experience (Brakus et al, 2009), brand trust (Delgado-Ballester et al, 2003), brand identification (Lam et al, 2010), commitment to Brand (Fullerton, 2005), brand loyalty (Japutra & Molinillo, 2017) and willingness to pay more (Chaudhuri & Ligas, 2009). Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. The results showed that there are significant relationships between the variables of brand experience, diversity, brand image, brand social self and brand trust with brand love, and between the variables of brand social self and brand trust with brand commitment (p < 0.05). The results also showed that there are significant relationships between diversity, brand trust, brand love and brand commitment with brand loyalty, between love and brand commitment with a desire to pay more, and between brand love with word of mouth (P <0.05). Manuscript profile

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46 - Studying Concept Of Love in Roozbahan Begholi’s works
Mohammadreza Shadmanamen Shahriyar Hasanzadeh Lotfali Bigham Alibabaloo

Love is one of the main subjects of Islamic mysticism and theosophy, in a way that we cannot enter to these areas without love. There are many definitions for love, and everyone defines it from his point of view and with regard to their capacity. Moreover some poets, au More

Love is one of the main subjects of Islamic mysticism and theosophy, in a way that we cannot enter to these areas without love. There are many definitions for love, and everyone defines it from his point of view and with regard to their capacity. Moreover some poets, authors, scientists, and philosophers have presented their perception of love, each of which in its universality and in comparison to each other has portrait different aspects of love. In this regard Roozbahan Begholi, known as “Sheikh of Shattah” and “Shattah of Fars” and the head of all Roozbahans, has also defined love from the viewpoint of Persian literature and mysticism; and his viewpoint is related to his purpose and is proportionate to express his mystical experiences, ethical concepts, different didactic issues, and finally to express secrets of love and its delight. At the present research we present summary of viewpoints related to sheikh of Shattah about love and its kinds, description, definition, and generally the position of love, then we study and analyze it. Manuscript profile

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47 - Characteristics of Worship in Theosophical Conducts of Rabeah Adawiyyah
Masood Haji Rabi Zahra Shirdeli

The present research investigates “the effect of worship conducts of Rābia al-Adawiyya on her theosophical aspects”. There have been many talks regarding this dame’s asceticism and divine love as well as her greatness. However, theosophical resources have not mentioned More

The present research investigates “the effect of worship conducts of Rābia al-Adawiyya on her theosophical aspects”. There have been many talks regarding this dame’s asceticism and divine love as well as her greatness. However, theosophical resources have not mentioned the strategic role of worshiping her theosophical conducts so much; and investigating most of the articles and theses, we found that researchers have not paid so much attention to this point. Therefore, our objective in the present research is to investigate the devotional discussions of Rābia’s life stage by stage to conclude that Rābia’s religious conduct is the preface and reinforcing of her theosophical conduct. During this cognitive journey, after the stage of perdition, Rābia’s passion and effort for asceticism and worship was increased and fusion of love and servitude reached its topmost extent. Also, the importance of Rābia’s responsibility in introducing the reality of servitude to people and establishing a theosophical movement based on divine love, is among the innovative results of this research. Manuscript profile

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48 - Evaluation Of Ibn-Arabis Creative Femininity through Contemporary Poets and Writers
Mehdi Momtahen Mehdi Reza Kamali Baniani

In Jungian psychology, there are some important expressions like unconsciousness, introversion, extroversion, and archetype posed all of which are employed in recent discussions of literary criticism, especially psychological criticism and the mythical one. The external More

In Jungian psychology, there are some important expressions like unconsciousness, introversion, extroversion, and archetype posed all of which are employed in recent discussions of literary criticism, especially psychological criticism and the mythical one. The external personality and attitude are those things that Jung called them persona or mask, but he believed that all humans have also an internal attitude and personality which is in terms of their unconscious world. There are deep layers of active creativity in Mohyeddin Ibn Arabi's spiritual journey in this article, in which the works of the contemporary poets such as Ahmad Azizi , Sohrab Sepehri, Shamloo, as well as Hedayat's Blind Owl are specifically examined. Manuscript profile

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49 - Comparative Analysis Of Hojwiri and Ghazzaalis Point Of View on Ro'yat (Observation)
Mahin Panaahi Tahere karimi

Abu-Hasan Ali Ibn Othmaan Hojwiri (470) and Ahmad Ghazzaali (520), both arose from the same intellectual system and were both from the 'Ash'ari family. But their origins of consciousness are distinguished from each other. Thus, the territory of semantic implications and More

Abu-Hasan Ali Ibn Othmaan Hojwiri (470) and Ahmad Ghazzaali (520), both arose from the same intellectual system and were both from the 'Ash'ari family. But their origins of consciousness are distinguished from each other. Thus, the territory of semantic implications and language use are different in their works – Kashf Al-Mahjub (the discovery of the Veiled) and Sawaaneh Al-Oshshaq (the Resumes of the Lovers). Ro'yat or Observation is a key and verbal term in Kashf Al-Mahjub which went under the metaphoric veil of Jamaal (beauty) by entering into Ghazzaali's spiritual discourse; and the transfer happened from reality to metaphor and from one-meaning to poly-meaning. Hojwiri discusses Observation clearly and barely, but Ghazzaali takes advantages from metaphoric use of Observation: Jamaal and visual cluster in it; that is, man, heart, sun, mirror etc. This paper deals with these two mystics' point of views about Observation and the style of which is reflected in the two texts-- KashfAlmahjuband Sawaaneh Al-Oshshaaq Manuscript profile

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50 - A critique Of Avicennas Account Of Mystical Precept
Monireh Seyed Mazhari

Avicenna, can be regarded as the most prominent of Islamic philosophers. Despite the fact that he lived in the medieval era, he did not follow the medieval line of thought. He was rather like Renaissance thinkers in opposing any sort of narrow-minded dogmatism and blind More

Avicenna, can be regarded as the most prominent of Islamic philosophers. Despite the fact that he lived in the medieval era, he did not follow the medieval line of thought. He was rather like Renaissance thinkers in opposing any sort of narrow-minded dogmatism and blind imitation of the ancients as well as in relying on reason and experiment as the only touchstone of truth and never rejected a belief before he found conclusive evidence in its refutation and meanwhile regarded it as possible. That is why he considered the intuitive findings of mystics and the miracles of saints as logically possible and in some of his works sought to provide philosophical justifications for them. However drawing on evidence from Avicenna's life, we will to show that he never set foot on the path of mystic quest and neither did he adopt a Sufi's life style. Manuscript profile

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51 - Jami, Divine Love and Spiritual Wine
Mahboubeh Moslemizadeh

Love is the most important theme which has entered into the mystical poetry from the early poems and with an unusual concept, became one of the most significant terms. Along with this word, many other words relevant to it – by which the beloved is described – and also s More

Love is the most important theme which has entered into the mystical poetry from the early poems and with an unusual concept, became one of the most significant terms. Along with this word, many other words relevant to it – by which the beloved is described – and also such words as wine, pot-house, etc. with the metaphorical and figurative meaning entered into the mystical poetry. The comparison of Love and Wine is the first phase of formation of the mystical meaning of wine, and this comparison motivated such poets as 'Abd- al Rahman Jami to apply "wine" for the expression of themes like cosmic and eternal love. Many treaties and papers are written on the theme of Love and its phases and also about the viewpoints of the poets of different eras, but because the image of spiritual wine in Jami's works is not so much noticed, this article is to review this theme depend on his Divan, Ashe'at al- Lama'at, Lawame' and Lawayeh. The words related to the above mentioned theme in Jami's Ghazals and his other works are excellently and wonderfully applied and indicate his perception of mystical and divine love Manuscript profile

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52 - Malamatiah in Hazin Lahijis Sonnets
Ali Akbar Afrasiabpour Masood Rahgozar

Among the mystics and Sufis a group emerged whose major objective was to combat the hypocrisy and pretense in a society where achieving high positions had caused a lot of people to hustle. These actions were carried out in public even though they were blamed and did the More

Among the mystics and Sufis a group emerged whose major objective was to combat the hypocrisy and pretense in a society where achieving high positions had caused a lot of people to hustle. These actions were carried out in public even though they were blamed and did their praying sincerely..AndHe was unaware of the moment of remembrance. Those groups of Persian Sufi poetry and literature which are abundant and have spoken to about this procedure and the disposition of their mental states have to reset.And some of your poets have taken this approach and have attempted to develop such thinking and his poetry and prose writings have a beautiful way to remove them, we can mention Sheikh Mohammad Ali Hazain Lahiji. Importantly, the doleful in their theological lyrics lean towards this group has been revealed and the curtain of the inner essence of their thinking has taken a very significance and can be useful in a lot of historical research. Manuscript profile

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53 - Study Of Semiotics in Mystical Loving Discourse in Rumis and Sa'dis Sonnets: Based on Matrix and Hypogram by Michael Riffaterre
Farhad Tahmasbi

This paper is based on the semiotic pattern of Michael Riffaterre in reading the poems of Molavi and Sadi, his theory of descriptive poems (the matrix and hypogram) is explained in this paper for the first time. The discourse of love is then analyzed on the basis of thi More

This paper is based on the semiotic pattern of Michael Riffaterre in reading the poems of Molavi and Sadi, his theory of descriptive poems (the matrix and hypogram) is explained in this paper for the first time. The discourse of love is then analyzed on the basis of this pattern, including the following three: love, beloved and the lover, and their matrixes and hypograms are later elaborated. It aims at applying this pattern in ancient Persian poetry. It was indicated that the discourse of love is based on love and unity in Molavi’s sonnets whereas it is based on love and Carpe diem in Sadi’s sonnets. It confirms the traditional hypothesis that Molavi is a mystic and Sadi is a lover, through citations and methodologies. The course of descriptive poems related to the discourse of love leads from the love, beloved and lover to unity dynamically in Molavi’s sonnets, whereas this course leads from the unity of love and life to Carpe diem and the existential realism in Sadi’s sonnets Manuscript profile

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54 - Love in Imam Khomeini’s Mystical Poems
Aghdas Jahangiri, Ali Akbar Afrasiabpour Farajollah Barati Maryam Bakhtyar

10.2234/erfan.2023.708527

Imam Khomeini believes that the concept of love is covered by the necessity of covering the divine essence. On the one hand, he believes that the universe is all the shadow of the beloved, even the love of the mountain and nature belongs to the beloved, and on the other More

Imam Khomeini believes that the concept of love is covered by the necessity of covering the divine essence. On the one hand, he believes that the universe is all the shadow of the beloved, even the love of the mountain and nature belongs to the beloved, and on the other hand, he has described the absolute beloved in secret, to the extent that even the use of the words of the unseen is inward. He also knows about the divine nature from necessity and urgency. The language of lyricism and joyful information and romantic themes and reckless expressions do not leave room for mysticism to study and discuss, and if there is a trace and fruit of mysticism, it is its lip and essence, which knocks on the door of love like a ring and says need. Innovation in this research is mystical love in Imam Khomeini's poems, which has not been done in any research so far Manuscript profile

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55 - A Comparative Study of Virtual and Mystical Love from the Perspective of Ahmad Ghazali and Ayn Al-Quzat (with Emphasis on Sawaneḥ Al-oshagh & Tamhidaat
Mehdi Mohammadi Behnam Fe’li Khadije Safary Kandsary mohammad reza beigi

Human love, which often appears in Sufis’ teachings with the expression of virtual love, is one of the complex and difficult issues in Islamic mysticism. Some consider it to be the beginning of mystical love and some deny it. Ahmad Ghazali and Ayn ol-Quzat Hamedan More

Human love, which often appears in Sufis’ teachings with the expression of virtual love, is one of the complex and difficult issues in Islamic mysticism. Some consider it to be the beginning of mystical love and some deny it. Ahmad Ghazali and Ayn ol-Quzat Hamedani are among the first people who wrote about love, its types, moods and characteristics in a special way in Persian literature. In the present study, which was prepared using a descriptive-analytical method, an attempt has been made to answer this basic question, what is Ahmad Ghazali's and Ayn Al-Quzat's views on virtual and mystical love? And what are the points of commonality and difference between the two? The results of the research show that Ghazali considers speculation permissible by referring to prophetic hadiths, and on the other hand, he considers appearances as a bridge to reach the inner truth. Ayn Al-Quzat also considers it harmless to be attached to these appearances if it is in the way of connecting with God's beloved and beloved. Eternity, coercion and the dangerous path of love are common points of mystical love in accidents and plans.. Manuscript profile

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56 - Emergence of Spirituality and Mysticism in Shurideh Shirazi's Poetry
Shirin Baghai

10.2234/erfan.2023.708529

Fasih al-Mulk, Shourideh Shirazi (died 1345 AH) has been called the last poet of the literary return style, who is considered one of the bright-hearted geniuses in Persian literature, the turbulent period of his life at the end of the Qajar era and the beginning of the More

Fasih al-Mulk, Shourideh Shirazi (died 1345 AH) has been called the last poet of the literary return style, who is considered one of the bright-hearted geniuses in Persian literature, the turbulent period of his life at the end of the Qajar era and the beginning of the Pahlavi era and the events of the constitutional revolution, his poetry has a high And it makes descents that show tendencies towards spirituality and mysticism. In this article, with the analytical method and referring to the first-hand sources and poet's poems, hymns that were related to spirituality and mysticism have been analyzed, and divine love and desire for the unity of existence have been analyzed. And self-cultivation is followed in it until becoming a Perfect Human, and his Sufi poems about Imam Ali (a.s.) are especially impressive, which are completed with devotion to Imam Hussain (a.s.) and Imam Reza (a.s.) and make these imams as Perfect human. draws and it is This poet had spiritual and mystical tendencies and this tendency increased during his maturity and the last decades of his life. He puts spiritual principles at the head of his teachings in most of his poems. Manuscript profile

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57 - An Analysis of Ruzbihan Baqli’s Viewpoint Regarding to the “Chaste Love
Sara Ghasemi Inshaallah Rahmati

Love” is one of the most significant concepts in Islamic Mysticism and sufism. Some Muslim mystics    belive that “Love” is the foundamental cause of the creation, based on one Divine Narration (hadith-e qodsi) that says: “I (Allah More

Love” is one of the most significant concepts in Islamic Mysticism and sufism. Some Muslim mystics    belive that “Love” is the foundamental cause of the creation, based on one Divine Narration (hadith-e qodsi) that says: “I (Allah) was an unknown treasure. Thus, I liked to be known, so I have created the creatures to know me”. This term, by regarding to its meaning, was one of the controversial terms among sufis. Through the early centuries of sufism in Islam, they used this word in terrestrial love but after progressing the knowledge of sufism and mysticism, new generation of sufi scholars such as Rabe’ah Adawiyah, Ghazali and Ruzbihan Baqli used this word only in divine Love. This meaning of Love in its divine aspect developed to the concept of “Chaste Love“ which developed, in its turn, into two concept of Love: Apologetic Love and Baqli’s definition of Love. Although both of them are describing the divine Love, Baqli’s Love has a specific characteristic. In contrary to Apologetic Love, which is about transmitting human love to the divine love, Baqli’s definition of Love is about the progress of love. This article tries to consider the aspects of Chaste Love in its two divisions, Apologetic Love and Baqli’s Love, and to show their main differences. Manuscript profile

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58 - Study of Ahmad Khani's Mystical Views on the Poem "Mam and Zayn" on Love
Jamal Ahmadi

Ahmad Khani (1706-1650) is a great Kurdish poet and mystic in northern Kurdistan. Poetry in the North Kurmanji dialect, he has created works in this language. Among these works is the poem "Mam and Zin". This poem, which is the love story between "Mam" and "Zin", the si More

Ahmad Khani (1706-1650) is a great Kurdish poet and mystic in northern Kurdistan. Poetry in the North Kurmanji dialect, he has created works in this language. Among these works is the poem "Mam and Zin". This poem, which is the love story between "Mam" and "Zin", the sister of Amir "Bhutan", ends in tragedy with the malice and evil efforts of Bakr, the villain of the story, and they cannot be connected in this world; But their love and affection become a bridge to the truth.In this research, which is done in an analytical-descriptive way using library resources, the author intends to introduce the work and address the issue of love in the poem "Mam and Zin". The conclusion of this study is that Khani accepts virtual love and considers it a bridge to true love. In addition, the poem "Mam and Zin" is a crystallization of his romantic thoughts and experiences. Also, this poem is a very good example for the famous phrase "Al-Majaz Qantra Al-Haqiqa". Manuscript profile

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59 - An Analysis of “Delicate Love” in Sa’di’s Point of View
Karim Elahi Khalil Bahrami Ghasrechami Hosein Izadi

The delicate love discussed in this article is a critical topic in Persian mysticism and literature. This article, via a descriptive research method and the library and documentary research techniques, intends to answer the main question: what does Sa’di mean by l More

The delicate love discussed in this article is a critical topic in Persian mysticism and literature. This article, via a descriptive research method and the library and documentary research techniques, intends to answer the main question: what does Sa’di mean by love? The data show that Mosleh al-Din Sa’adi Shirazi is one of the poets of scholar, tourist, sage, and philosopher and one of the high peaks of Persian language and literature, who has dealt with the subject of love with his eloquent and flowery language and with frankness and humor. His works of poetry and prose are full of romantic satire. Sa’adi’s love is both spiritual (mystical and heavenly) and earthly. His loving worldview and aesthetic outlook have made us consider the whole universe beautiful and lovable. At the same time, Sa’adi, following other mystics and poets, believes love above reason and considers the reason so weak in front of love. Behind the scenes of virtual beauties and loves, he looks at the real face of their creator. In brief, it can be said that Sa’adi’s thinking in love is far from extremes and has adopted a language of moderation. Manuscript profile

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60 - Mystical Themes in Divan Fāni Khoei
Katayoun moradi

10.2234/erfan.2023.708542

Fāni Khoei (deceased 1846) is a mystical poet and a comprehensive sage who shows in his written works, especially in his poems, that mystical themes have been his constant preoccupation. For this reason, he gives importance to precise points in theoretical and practical More

Fāni Khoei (deceased 1846) is a mystical poet and a comprehensive sage who shows in his written works, especially in his poems, that mystical themes have been his constant preoccupation. For this reason, he gives importance to precise points in theoretical and practical mysticism and defends the theory of the unity of existence with different expressions more than any other concept. Then, following the Khorasani and Iraqi style, and following Sana'i, Attar, and Molavi, he performs art in the field of divine love. It also follows the Sufi path by fighting against the ego and pluralistic thought and he looks at Imam Ali (a.s.) from a mystical point of view and gives more importance to poverty as well as death and survival in mystical authorities. It clearly expresses its dependence on Shiite mysticism and draws the philosophy of human life in love for the eternal beloved. For this reason, this wise poet can be considered one of the great Shiite mystics in Persian literature. Manuscript profile

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61 - Analysis and study of elements and artistic images of nature in the poems of Saadi and Petrarch with emphasis on illustrated copies
ashraf sadat ashrafi Mohammadreza Asad Fateme Asgari

The present article is a comparative comparison between Saadi's sonnets and Petrarch's sonnets, which deals with the aesthetic aspects of nature, illustrations and poetic imagery in the form of similes, metaphors and symbols; Attention has been paid.Saadi, a great poet More

The present article is a comparative comparison between Saadi's sonnets and Petrarch's sonnets, which deals with the aesthetic aspects of nature, illustrations and poetic imagery in the form of similes, metaphors and symbols; Attention has been paid.Saadi, a great poet of love, and Petrarch father of Humanism, use nature and its various elements not only to describe their ownstate of mind but also to emphasize the beauty of their loved one. At a first sightusage of nature made by two poets appears identical, but with a more careful analytical study we realize some points of divergence at the level of poetic conception that exists in the two poetry collections. So knowing poetic traditions and very different linguistic styles bring us closer to poetic cultures far from our poetic raditionalready known for its lyricism and this is a factor that helps to enrich ourindepth cultural knowledge . The research method adopted is descriptive and analytical with a comparative approach between the two selected corpuses. Manuscript profile

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62 - Brand Attachment in Consumer- Brand Relationship
Nahid Reihani Mohamad- Ali Abdolvand kambiz Heidarzadeh Mohsen Khounsiavash

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63 - Comparative study of Female Character in Works by Fahimeh Rahimi and Daniel Steele Case study: “Window” and “Dawn of Love”
Shorangiz Mortazavi Bigan Zahirinav Ramin Moharami

  The purpose of this study was to investigate the comparative characterization of women in the works of Fahimeh Rahimi and Daniel Steele; regarding the different cultural-religious conditions of the two writers. Fiction, especially novel writing, is one of the mos More

  The purpose of this study was to investigate the comparative characterization of women in the works of Fahimeh Rahimi and Daniel Steele; regarding the different cultural-religious conditions of the two writers. Fiction, especially novel writing, is one of the most interesting and important fields in the comparative research. Characters were chosen not only because of their intrinsic gravity, but also because they represented certain classes of people in a culture. Persian writer Fahime Rahimi and Daniel Steele the American writers who had included the expressing of the women's emotions and their problems in their novels. The present paper sought to examine the features of the female character in the novel "Window" by Fahime Rahimi and the novel "The Dawn of Love" written by Daniel Steel in a descriptive-analytical way. The findings showed that the story of the “Window”, was realistic and the “Dawn of Love” story was naturalistic. Also, the “Window“ novel of Fahimehi was popular, an Iranian story free of any western images that have formed in the context of a social life with Iranian culture. In the novel “Dawn of Love”, gender stereotypes were featured in male and female characters, and presented the different abilities of men and women. The first characters in the “Window” novel was a staunch character, but in the novel The Dawn of Love, the first character of the woman was a dynamic person. Manuscript profile

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64 - Analyzing of Emotional Communications of Women in the Works of Simin Daneshvar Based on Steinberg's Triangular Theory of Love
Mahbube Rashidizafar Soheyla Ghasimi tarshizi

The purpose of this research was to analyze the emotional communications of women in the works of Simin Daneshvar based on Steinberg's triangular theory of love. The Statistical population was Simin Daneshvar's works on women according to Steinberg's triangular theory o More

The purpose of this research was to analyze the emotional communications of women in the works of Simin Daneshvar based on Steinberg's triangular theory of love. The Statistical population was Simin Daneshvar's works on women according to Steinberg's triangular theory of love. The sample of the research was the emotional communications of women in the works of the author. The research was designed as analytical-descriptive. In descriptive section, the method of collecting data was based on books and in analytical section, in order to achieve the goal of the research, Daneshvar's works were thoroughly studied and the themes of emotional communications, actions and conversations of fictional characters were considered as real characters and sentences, concepts, signs and actions that imply love were extracted based on Steinberg's triangular theory of love, and then the content was analyzed. The results and analysis of women's emotional communications in Simin Daneshvar's works in accordance with Sternberg's love triangle theory, showed that the components of "intimacy", "passion" and " commitment" in Daneshvar's works led to loves such as liking, transcendental love and romantic. Daneshvar specially considered the component of intimacy and development of emotional communications in her works. The main characters of her novels were women and for this reason, her works were the symbols of maternal and romantic emotions. Manuscript profile

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65 - Investigation of the Relationship Between Sexual Knowledge and Attitude, Components of Love and Marital Satisfaction with Spouse Abuse in Married Employees in Ahvaz State Sector Administrations
Farah Naderi A. R. Heidarie زینب Hosainzadeh Ma-laki

  The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between sexual knowledge and attitude, components of love and marital satisfaction with spouse abuse in married employees in Ahvaz state sector administrations. The sample consisted of 200 marri More

  The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between sexual knowledge and attitude, components of love and marital satisfaction with spouse abuse in married employees in Ahvaz state sector administrations. The sample consisted of 200 married personnels (100 males and100 females) which were selected randomly using the stratified sampling method. The measures used in this study were Conflict Tactics-Scales-2 (CTS-2), Sexual Knowledge and Attitude Scale, Triangular of Love Questionnaire and ENRICH: Enriching as well as Nurturing Relationship Issue, Communication and Happiness. In order to analysis the data, simple correlation and regression analysis methods were used. The results indicated that the sexual knowledge and attitude, components of love and marital satisfaction have significant negative correlation with spouse abuse in both males and females, and these were suitable predictors of spouse abuse.  Manuscript profile

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66 - The Two Women (Comparative Study of Soodabeh of The Shahnameh with Su-Daji Stories and Feng Shen Yan Yi)
Sareh Tarbiat Sayed Ahmad Hosany kazerooni Maryam Parhizkar Davood Yahyaei

The goal of this article was to study the story of Soodabeh from Shahnnameh, and the Su-Daji from the book of Feng Shen Yan Yi comparatively. It was found that the general structure of both stories had a lot in common; furthermore, there were a lot of similarities betwe More

The goal of this article was to study the story of Soodabeh from Shahnnameh, and the Su-Daji from the book of Feng Shen Yan Yi comparatively. It was found that the general structure of both stories had a lot in common; furthermore, there were a lot of similarities between the characters of these two works (Soodabeh and Su-Daji, Siavash and Yin Yaiao, Kavoos and Zhou Yang), their living environment and upbringing, physical appearance , personality traits, and their final fates. For clarification of common points and sometimes identical points in both stories beyond the effects of cultural passion between Iranians and Chinese, we should  relay on aggregative subconscious of the human,  because the main texture of these two stories are based on the old pattern of forbidden love with the stepsons and whole events are shaped on this pivot. Manuscript profile

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67 - Investigating the Effect of the Power Structure in the Family on the Level of Expression of Love and Affection Between Couples (Case Study: Jahrom Families)
majidreza karimi roya poorshahian Keramatollah Rasekh

10.30495/iifs.2023.1988109.1089

Introduction: Expression of love and affection is one of the most important factors in determining the stability and durability of married life. One of the factors affecting the expression of love and affection is the power structure. The research method is survey. The More

Introduction: Expression of love and affection is one of the most important factors in determining the stability and durability of married life. One of the factors affecting the expression of love and affection is the power structure. The research method is survey. The statistical population includes all the ordinary families of Jahrom, 351 couples were selected as a sample using the cluster (stage) sampling method. The research tool is a questionnaire. To determine the validity of the power structure variable, the construct validity method was used using the factor analysis method, for the expression of love and affection, the face validity method was used, and to determine the reliability, the internal consistency method was used using the Cronbach's alpha method. Findings: The descriptive results of the research indicate that the average score of expressing love and affection among couples is slightly higher than the average. The analytical findings of the research reveal that the relationship between expressing love and affection with the dimensions of power structure is positive, strong and significant. Among the demographic variables, the relationship between age, education, occupation of men, length of marriage, number of children, different classes with the expression of love and affection between couples is significant, positive and strong. Conclusion: The explanation of the dependent variable in terms of the sum of the independent variables shows that the field variables of power, men's education, age, power structure (total) and women's education are the strongest predictors of expressing love , and affection; respectively and can explain 29% of the variance changes in the expression of love and affection.Extended Abstract Introduction   The development of urban life, the influence of western culture, modern education, changing values and ideas, the growing importance of sexual life, etc., the emotional relationship between husband and wife have obtained considerable importance. The existence of love and affection between husband and wife is considered an important factor in marital adjustment. Marital adjustment in the aspect of expressing love and affection has affected many aspects of people's personal and social life. On the other hand, the absence of love and affection between couples, in addition to causing problems in the above cases, causes problems in social relations, tendency to social and moral deviations and decline of cultural values among couples. The expression of love and affection between man and woman in the family is affected by various factors, one of which is the power structure. The woman's trend towards increasing power in the family affects the family above all and changes the relationship between husband and wife and children. Social transformations and changes in the life patterns of urban societies and the entry of woman into the society (such as entering the university, the labor market, etc.) have caused a change in the attitude of people in the distribution of roles and, as a result, the distribution of power in the family (Giddens, 2003).In recent years, Jahrom has been affected by social and family changes, and it has affected the expression of love and affection and, as a result, the adjustment of couples. The divorce rate  of Jahrom in 1400 was one third of marriages, which is an alarming rate(Moominzadeh, 2002). In this research, in the field of expressing love and affection between couples, theories (consortism, interaction, and role separation of Parsons) and in the field of power structure, theories (resources, role separation of Parsons, Giddens) were selected as the theoretical framework of the research. According to the explanations mentioned, the research tries to answer that, what effect does the structure of power distribution have on the expression of love and affection between couples in the families of Jahrom?MethodologyIn this research, a quantitative method and a survey have been used as one of the traditional methods in quantitative research. In the research, the standard questionnaire of Spanish marital compatibility (Shad Bakhsh, 1976) was used for the dependent variable of expressing love and affection between couples, and for the independent variable of the research (power structure) the standard questionnaire (Abbott, 1993 and Iswan, 1991) and (Olson , 1969) has been used. In the current study, the families of Jahrom are considered as the unit of analysis. 351 couples were selected as the sample size. The sampling method is a combination (a mixture of different methods such as systematic random, simple, etc.). To measure the validity of the power structure variable questionnaire (independent variable), construct validity was used by factor analysis method and face validity was used for the dependent variable (expression of love and affection). Four items were used to measure the expression of love and affection between couples and 36 items were used to measure the power structure in the form of a Likert scale. In this study, the independent variable are power structure (making power relations, fields of power, ways of exercising power) and demographic variables (age, age gap, number of years of education, employment status, income, ethnicity, number of children, home ownership and social class).Discussion and resultsOne of the factors that creates adjustment between husband and wife is the expression of love and affection between them. The research investigates the influence of power structure on the expression of love and affection between husband and wife. The average expression of love and affection in Jahrom families (among couples) is slightly higher than average. The relationship between all dimensions of the power structure with the expression of love and affection is significant. In the research, in the field of expressing love and affection between couples, theories (consortism, interaction, and role separation by Parsons) and in the field of power structure, theories (resources, role separation by Parsons, Giddens) were selected as the theoretical framework of the research.  Symmetrical relationship (commonality between husband and wife) in decision-making can cause more love and affection to be expressed between them and as a result, the adjustment of couples is more. The consultation and cooperation of couples in economic, social affairs and social relations intensifies love and affection between them. Persuasion or shared opinion in decision-making can cause more love and affection between couples, and finally more adjustment between them. The more the power structure is inclined to collaborative decision-making, the greater the marital adjustment and expression of love and affection between husband and wife. Also, the higher the use of persuation, the higher the marital adjustment. The family structure is divided into authoritarian and democratic. Using coercive power affects romantic relationships. Using harsh power methods such as master-slave mode in relationships causes marital dissatisfaction. On the other hand, easy methods of power cause less marital dissatisfaction; Because these methods are more thoughtful and allow them to participate more in setting goals. Giddens believes that the position of women in modern society is changing, which is related to the equalization of women's power with men. He uses term emancipatory politics, which deals with a kind of hierarchical concept of power. Common emancipatory policies call for the reduction or complete abolition of exploitation, inequality and oppression and emphasize the priority of the basic principles of justice, equality and participation.ConclusionThe research reveals that the arrival of modernity, increasing urbanization, industrialization, women's employment, beliefs and replacement of modern values instead of traditional values, consumerism and luxury have not had a great impact on the expression of love and affection of the sample couples in this city. LimitationsIt was very difficult to reach people during the Corona Time, and the researcher faced the dissatisfaction of some couples to collect data. Suggestions- It is suggested to teach the socialization of husband and wife roles, trusting each other, how to meet expectations, how to love after marriage and before marriage through group media and other continuous training.- It is necessary to use family sociologists in pre-marriage and post-marriage education and counseling centers.- Iranian society is transitioning towards modernization, and as a result, the structure of families has changed and diversified; So, it is necessary to conduct research to know the efficient structure of the family. FundsThe research is extracted from the author's doctoral dissertation, Social Sciences and Sociology Planning Department, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom Branch. Ethics approval and consent to participateSince the selection of families and couples was random, the cooperation of the participants was voluntary and their consent was obtained. Conflict of interestThis article has no conflict of interest AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the couples who participated in the study.ReferencesGiddens, A. (2003). Sociology, (translated by Manouchehr Sabouri), Tehran: Ney Publication.Horton, P. B. & Hunt, C. L. (1972). Sociology. New York: McGraw Hill. Huston, T. L. & M, H. (2004). The case for (promoting) marriage: The devil is in thedetails. Journal of Marriage and Family. 66(4), 943-958.   https://www.jstor.org/stable/3600168Moominzadeh, F. (2002). The Connection of Irrational thoughts and Guhae Deplasty with Zanachoi Sazgary. Payanname Karshnasi Arshad Rawan Shanasi Amo. Daneshgah Shahid Beheshti. [Persian]       Manuscript profile

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68 - Predicting divorce tendency based on need to love and survival, sexual awareness and sexual perfectionism in couples divorce applicant
Faizollah Rahimi Hamid Atashpour Mohsen Golparvar

The aim of present research was predicting divorce tendency based on need to love and survival, sexual awareness and sexual perfectionism in couples divorce applicant. This study was cross-sectional from type of correlation. The Research population was couples divorce a More

The aim of present research was predicting divorce tendency based on need to love and survival, sexual awareness and sexual perfectionism in couples divorce applicant. This study was cross-sectional from type of correlation. The Research population was couples divorce applicant of Isfahan city in 2018-19 years. The research sample was 670 people who were selected by available sampling method. To collect data used from subscales of love and survival from basic psychological needs scale (Salari & Sahebi, 2004), sexual awareness scale (Snell & et al, 1991), subscale of sexual perfectionism from relationship beliefs inventory (Edelson & Epstein, 1982) and researcher-made divorce tendency questionnaire. To analyze the data used from methods of Pearson correlation and multiple regression with enter model in SPSS software version 22. The findings showed that the need to love and sexual awareness had a negative and significant relationship with the tendency to divorce and sexual perfectionism had a positive and significant relationship with the tendency to divorce (P0/05). Also, need to love, sexual awareness and sexual perfectionism significantly were able to predict 13/3% of the changes in tendency to divorce in couples divorce applicant (P Manuscript profile

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69 - Linguistic expressions emphasize and its rhetorical functions in the Hafez sonnets "By relying on the three senses of God, man and love"
ali ahmadnia abbasali vafaei alireza shabanlu

In this descriptive-analytical method, this paper attempts to introduce the methods and functions of expressive emphasis in the discourse of Hafez's Ghazalat. Emphasis is one of the mechanisms of language that is created in different ways and in different ways and has v More

In this descriptive-analytical method, this paper attempts to introduce the methods and functions of expressive emphasis in the discourse of Hafez's Ghazalat. Emphasis is one of the mechanisms of language that is created in different ways and in different ways and has various rhetorical functions. Emphasizing the emphasis on the meaning of the text helps to better translate the thoughts and thoughts of the speaker. Emphasis is considered as one of the language mechanisms in the context of the "contingent role" and "emotional role" of the language. These roles, respectively, are "audience-focused" and "speaker-oriented" roles that seek to convey thoughts in the text to the audience and express the feelings of the speaker. Each language user uses specific methods to sharpen their words based on the idea and purpose of expressing a subject. Semantic spheres emphasized in the textual context of Hafez Ghazalat are limited to the three strands of "God, Man and Love," but unlike the limitations of these spheres, methods and expressions of emphasis in these poems are diverse and varied. Among these methods, types of repetitions, various methods of confinement and palace, the use of emphasis constraints, quandary and question sentences, imperfect verbs, high degree of certainty, pseudo-immemorial, action verbs, facial verbs, calligraphy, displacement Significant syntactic components of sentences, sentences and delayed vocabulary are more frequent than other methods. The findings of the research show that Hafez used the emphasis in two direct ways "addressed to a particular audience" and indirectly "without considering a particular audience"... Manuscript profile

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70 - Mystical impressions of the story of Yusuf (AS)
Maryam raisi ata mohammd radmansh

10.30495/farsij.2021.685689

Story of Joseph as one of the best tales has caused various perceptions about it. One of the most important viewpoints is interpretation of mystics. In this article, we explain the viewpoint of mystics by extracting the themes. In order to do so, Tazkirat al-Awliya, al- More

Story of Joseph as one of the best tales has caused various perceptions about it. One of the most important viewpoints is interpretation of mystics. In this article, we explain the viewpoint of mystics by extracting the themes. In order to do so, Tazkirat al-Awliya, al-Risala al-Qushayriyyh, Kashf ul Mahjoob, Meybodi Interpretation and other books were reviewed and the themes of the story were analyzed in relation with high mystical concepts divisible into two parts of concepts related to love and other mystic ones .Such studies show that love is more prominent than every topic in this story . Paying attention to the stages of love makes us understand how love causes the story achieve one position of most beautiful stories .Love as one of houses of knowledge causes a basic change in existence of follower . Addressing the love and mystical concepts related to it, has changed story to one of most fruitful and interpretable Quran stories. Joseph’s beauty as mirror and knowing it as place where divine beauties are displayed, increase insight of such love. The zeal of beloved for lover, self-sacrifice in affection and truth of love are the themes which show that love is key topic of Joseph’s story from viewpoint of mystics. The mystics have also considered characters of story as symbols by like Zuleikha as blaming soul , Jacob as wisdom , Joseph as heart or follower of path involved in jealousy anger and lust power as result of the attention of Jacob . Manuscript profile

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71 - A Survey on a Nostalgic Element (Being away from the Beloved) in some poems by Manouchehr Atashi
Mohammad Rayhani Robabe Ghasaban Shirvan

This paper is a survey on nostalgia (sorrowful longing because of wondering) in Manouchehr Atashi's poem relying on one of the nostalgic elements (being away from the beloved). Defining and expressing roots of nostalgia in romantic school, its relationship deals with n More

This paper is a survey on nostalgia (sorrowful longing because of wondering) in Manouchehr Atashi's poem relying on one of the nostalgic elements (being away from the beloved). Defining and expressing roots of nostalgia in romantic school, its relationship deals with nostalgia and memories of the elements of being away from the beloved in Atashi’s poetry. Being away from the beloved, Atashi suffers from sadness and nostalgia and renders more royal beloved lost love and is relatively writing romantic poetry. In this context, sometime he remembers his first love, and sometime he talks to her real beloved. Constantly, leaving serious impacts on his poem, he remembers his past memories and designates them in the lines of his poems. Atashi was deeply in love during his life, so his poetry being affected by his memories is quite romantic and nostalgic. Manuscript profile

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72 - The reflection of the wisdom of ancient Iran on the beauty and mystical love of Suhrawardi, relying on aesthetics
azarnoosh gilani

Abstract Wisdom and philosophy in Iran have an ancient history. In ancient Iran, especially during the reign of Khosrow Anushirvan, a lot of effort was made to develop philosophy and wisdom in Iran. With the coming of Islam to Iran, this process continued until it reach More

Abstract Wisdom and philosophy in Iran have an ancient history. In ancient Iran, especially during the reign of Khosrow Anushirvan, a lot of effort was made to develop philosophy and wisdom in Iran. With the coming of Islam to Iran, this process continued until it reached Suhrawardi. Suhravardi is the link between the philosophy of ancient Greece, ancient Iran and the philosophy of Islam. By accessing ancient sources, especially Zoroastrian Avesta and Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, he created a remarkable link between Eastern and Western philosophy. As a revivalist of the wisdom of ancient Iran, with full knowledge of Iranian philosophical thought, Suhravardi presents a mystical interpretation of the personality and actions of the legendary heroes of Iran, such as: Ki Khosro, Fereydon and Kiyomarth. Also, Suhravardi's special attention to "Nooral Anwar" shows his affinity with the Quran and ancient Iranian culture. The description that Sohrvardi gives of Zoroastrianism and Zoroastrian concepts in terms of attention to light, fire, divine furnace, division of the world into two parts, Minoan and Gitian, as well as Zoroastrian angels, clearly shows the extent to which he was influenced by the wisdom of ancient Iran. In the discussion of aesthetics, Suhrvardi pays special attention to all aspects of "moral function", "world of example", "beauty and love" and "epistemology". which can be cautiously considered as a special science originating from "aesthetics". In this research, an attempt is made to reflect on the wisdom of ancient Iran and on the beauty and mystical love of Sohrvardi, relying on the philosophy of aesthetics. Manuscript profile

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73 - Designing and Developing a Model of Halal Tourism Destination Love with a Sustainable Development Approach
Abas Fallah Nezhad Mohammad Ali Abdolvand Kambiz Heidarzadeh Hanzaee Mohsen Khounsiavash

Purpose: Today, branding for tourist destinations and attracting the attention and creating the love and interest of tourists for these destinations is considered a strategy for tourist destinations, which plays a vital role in the performance of destination management, More

Purpose: Today, branding for tourist destinations and attracting the attention and creating the love and interest of tourists for these destinations is considered a strategy for tourist destinations, which plays a vital role in the performance of destination management, to expand the tourism opportunities, to differentiate destinations from competitors, and finally, to achieve a competitive advantage. Therefore, establishing a strong emotional link between tourists and tourist destinations can be very effective in attracting more tourists, increasing income, and sustainable development as a result of tourism industry. Destination love is a phenomenon experienced by a group of satisfied visitors who later become loyal tourists, thereby reducing several costs. Since the importance of this construct has today increased as an emerging issue for academics and professionals, the purpose of this review article is to draw a clear and comprehensive picture of the phenomenon of destination love and also to present a model of Halal tourism destination love with a sustainable development approach.Methodology: In this research, meta-synthesis and thematic content analysis have been used for the comparative and bibliographic study of love literature in the field of tourism and hospitality with a systematic review approach.Findings: After studying 68 valid scientific articles in this field and examining their antecedents and consequences, it can be seen that destination satisfaction, destination experience, destination image, destination loyalty, revisiting intention, and word of mouth (WOM) are the most common variables, which describe the benefits of destination love for tourism destinations.Conclusion: This scientific review attempts to provide an interdisciplinary platform for research on destination love. It also provides this opportunity for academics, professionals, and managers active in the field of tourism and halal hospitality to study and get to know this construct and management concepts in this field in order to become aware of the required actions and trends to improve the destination love for the field of tourism and halal hospitality. Manuscript profile

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74 - The Relationship between Loneliness and the Attitude to Love, Mate Selection Criteria in Islamic Azad University Gachsaran
Seyedeh Rahimeh Taghavi Nazanin Honarparvaran Katrin Fekri

This study aimed to explore the relationship between loneliness and the attitude to love with mate selection criteria in Islamic Azad University, GACHSARAN. statistical population of this research includes the Islamic Azad University GACHSARAN undergraduate and graduate More

This study aimed to explore the relationship between loneliness and the attitude to love with mate selection criteria in Islamic Azad University, GACHSARAN. statistical population of this research includes the Islamic Azad University GACHSARAN undergraduate and graduate academic year 93-92 of the 155 people that a multistage cluster sampling measurements were selected. In this research following instruments were used: the questionnaire of loneliness, a questionnaire of attitude and love - the mate selection criteria. In order to analyze the data collected at the two descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage frequency of the cognitive variables (gender, etc.) And the average standard deviation of the variables) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient to determine the relationship between the variables and regression to predict variables) were used. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results of this study indicate that: there is no significant relationship between loneliness with mate selection criteria. Component of attitudes to love, between eros components, Pragma, and Mania substantive criteria and selection process, there is a significant positive correlation. The elements of love, eros and pragma two strong, the pre see criteria for mate selection are content. Component of Eros, Pragma, and the pre a Gapeh strong predictor process of mate selection criteria. Manuscript profile

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75 - Investigation of Initial maladaptive Schemas and Types of Love between Drug-Addicted (Addicted) and Non-Addicted Men in Qom City
Ahmad Torabie mohammadkazem fakhri Majid Pourfaraj Omran

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the status of early maladaptive schemas and types of love among addicted and non-addicted men aged 20 to 45 years in Qom. Method: The tool used for data collection is the Early Incompatible Schemas Questionnaire (YSQ-SF More

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the status of early maladaptive schemas and types of love among addicted and non-addicted men aged 20 to 45 years in Qom. Method: The tool used for data collection is the Early Incompatible Schemas Questionnaire (YSQ-SF short form) and the Robert J. Sternberg Triangular Love Questionnaire. To analyze the research data, indicators and statistical methods including mean, standard deviation and independent t-test were used. Findings: The results showed a significant difference (0.01) between the drug-dependent (addicted) and non-drug groups. The mean scores of early maladaptive schemas and types of love in substance abusers were significantly higher than the mean scores of normal individuals. In other words, drug-addicted men have higher levels of unhealthy core beliefs and incompatible cognitive foundations than non-addicted (non-addicted) men. Conclusion: This discrepancy was mostly seen in early maladaptive schemes such as: abandonment, distrust, abuse, disability and shame, vulnerability to harm and disease. Also, there is a statistically significant difference between the level of intimacy and commitment between consumers and non-consumers at the level of (0.01). Manuscript profile

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76 - comparative analysis between the figure of the beloved in the Saadi and Petrarch's lyrics
ashraf sadat ashrafi Dr.Mohammadreza Asad Dr.Fatemeh Asgari Dr.Mohsen Izadyar

   The first purpose of this original research is to present and the to know better the love poetry and the essential elements of poetics of Francesco Petrarca, the famous Italian love lyrics father who set up Humanism in Europe, with a particular textual emph More

   The first purpose of this original research is to present and the to know better the love poetry and the essential elements of poetics of Francesco Petrarca, the famous Italian love lyrics father who set up Humanism in Europe, with a particular textual emphasis on the different points of convergence between his love lyrics and those of his contemporary, a great Persian poet, Saadi. In this paper, using some available sources and making a series of textual and lexical analyzes on two corpus available in comparison, we look for the thematic and stylistic similarities between two poetry collections that are the main subject of this study. Another aim of this research is to find the different points of divergence that recurs normally in two eastern and western poets’ works from the general point of view of the figure of the beloved one who is the principal subject of the poems in question. Manuscript profile

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77 - Study and analysis of the concept of love in Qaiser Aminpoor's collection of Grammar of Love based on the psychological ideas of Robert Sternberg
nadim asghari ghajari Hasanali abbaspoor esfansan

Qaiser Aminpoor as a prominent poet in contemporary Persian poetry has devoted much of his poetry to the phenomenon of love. What makes this book particularly important is the change in the poet's attitude to the phenomenon, which can be studied from a literary and psyc More

Qaiser Aminpoor as a prominent poet in contemporary Persian poetry has devoted much of his poetry to the phenomenon of love. What makes this book particularly important is the change in the poet's attitude to the phenomenon, which can be studied from a literary and psychological perspective. In this study, various aspects of love in the grammar of love have been studied, using library sources and descriptive-analytical methods, as well as using the Sternberg's theory of psychological theory. The results show that although the poet considers ideal love to be perfect, its frequency is not significant compared to non-ideal love. The quest for realism is justified. According to Sternberg's views, Qaiser's look at the phenomenon of love and its quality has been declining in this office and has been accompanied by pessimism and negativity, which is why his poems have a romantic (black romantic) side. Most of his poems have only two pillars of dedication + excitement, and the element of intimacy has echoed to a limited degree that the conclusion of this love affair is a philosophical-personality one and highlighting the dark and unpleasant aspects of life. Manuscript profile

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78 - Analysis of Cognitive domination of love in the Leily and Majnoon the military insane based on the sociological perspective of Lukach, Bourdieu and Adorno
Zahra NourmohammadiNajafabadi Shahrzad Niazi Mahboobeh Khorasani

 The premise of lover and lover dominance over each other is the result of a sociological approach of theorists such as George Lukach, Pierre Bourdieu and Theodore Adorno in the category of love. In this paper, through reading the relevant sociological elements wit More

 The premise of lover and lover dominance over each other is the result of a sociological approach of theorists such as George Lukach, Pierre Bourdieu and Theodore Adorno in the category of love. In this paper, through reading the relevant sociological elements with love, we can address the status of domination, its causes and consequences in the love of Leily u Majnun Neziganjoy. The research method is descriptive-analytical, the research revealed that love was carried out by the conflict of dokodak otherness until adolescence and youth, in a geographical way that the objects, minds, habits and social base dominated the behavioral hierarchy of lovers, not their will. Unity of pluralism and domination has permeated the thinking of lovers and social solidarity with Leily and Majnun has not been able to cope with the system of tarigi. The sociology of their behavior showed that the male dominance, as an addition and variable, has occasionally dominated Leily, but the force of mistress has often disturbed the balance of domination in Lily's favor, and ultimately the objects and minds of society have entered another active and class variable, ibn Salam, into the story so that failed love, which is desired by the minds of the Stonak society and more influential in the space of the story. Manuscript profile

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79 - Investigating the love of Eros, the beauty factor of the story in "Wis and Ramin" and "Khosrow and Shirin" (based on John Lee's theory)
tayebe abdollahzade vajiheh torkamani barandozi

 The love poems of "Wis and Ramin" by Fakhreddin Asad Gorgani and "Khosrow and Shirin" Nezami are Undoubtedly, they are among the most prominent works of lyrical poetry. The dimensions of romantic relationships between the characters of the story also provide a goo More

 The love poems of "Wis and Ramin" by Fakhreddin Asad Gorgani and "Khosrow and Shirin" Nezami are Undoubtedly, they are among the most prominent works of lyrical poetry. The dimensions of romantic relationships between the characters of the story also provide a good basis for studying the subject of love and its types with psychological theories. One of these topics is John Lee's theory of love. He has studied the three main love styles of Eros, Ludos, Storg, secondary mania styles, agape, pragma and also compared it with the main colors. The purpose of this study is to study the love of Eros in these two love poems using John Lee's theory of love. So the main question is to answer the question of what color of love in these stories corresponds to what color of love in John Lee's theory and what are the most important components of Eros love that is the main factor of beauty and charm in these stories? The result of this research shows that by examining this issue descriptively-analytically in both stories, an important love component (Eros) is identified related to the behavior of the characters in the story. This component includes a number of actions and motivations that are consistent with John Lee's view in red. Manuscript profile

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80 - The Role of Affection and Intimacy in the Quantitative and Qualitative Development of Teacher-Student Transferring values and Attitudes during the Design Education Process
Hamed Ahvar Gholamreza Talischi Saeed Tizghalam Zenozi

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81 - A Study of the Characters of J. K. Rowling’s Harry Potter Based on Erich Fromm’s ideas of Positive Freedom and Love
فائزه هرمز نژاد ایوب دبیری

10.30495/sbq.2023.705378

AbstractThis research studied J. K. Rowling’s Harry Potter and the Order of Phoenix, Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows based on Erich Fromm’s ideas of positive freedom or acceptance of freedom. Based on Fromm&rsq More

AbstractThis research studied J. K. Rowling’s Harry Potter and the Order of Phoenix, Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows based on Erich Fromm’s ideas of positive freedom or acceptance of freedom. Based on Fromm’s ideas in Escape from Freedom, Harry and his friends are spontaneous and free individuals who move to positive freedom stage. In his Art of loving Fromm explores the ways which lead to this stage. He believed that love and productive work are the ways leading to self-independence and integration. On the other hand, self-destruction is the negative freedom which destroys self-integration. Love according to Fromm is giving, not receiving and the mature love is the one which is accompanied with care, responsibility, respect and knowledge and ultimately leads to integration. This research studied Harry Potter novels which are about a boy who didn’t misuse others and friends while he was undoubtedly popular in magical world and he not only protected them but also scarified his own life when he understood the truth that the defeat of Voldemort was dependent on his own death. He chose love and sacrifice in contrast to Tom Riddle who had changed his identity to Voldemort because he hated common things and names. He did not have any real friends, posed power in the worst destructive ways, tortured others and murdered them because he considered them as threats to his own goal of reaching immortality. Manuscript profile

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82 - The mediating role of the mindfulness in the relationship between Sexuality based on Character types and Attitude to love: Study of Structural Equation Model
Maryam Abasian Afshin Tayyebi

10.30495/jwsf.2021.1918046.1533

 The research tools included: Sex relation scale(SRS), questionnaire for measuring five personality traits(NEO), the scale of Love attitude(LAS-SF), and the questionnaire of 5 factors of mindfulness FFMQ. The fitness of the proposed model was estimated through stru More

 The research tools included: Sex relation scale(SRS), questionnaire for measuring five personality traits(NEO), the scale of Love attitude(LAS-SF), and the questionnaire of 5 factors of mindfulness FFMQ. The fitness of the proposed model was estimated through structural equation modeling(SEM) and using the AMOS software packageThe mediating relationship in the proposed pattern was tested using the bootstrap procedure.in Karaj among which200 people were selected200 selected by the available sampling method. The research tools included: Sex relation scale(SRS), questionnaire for measuring five personality traits(NEO), the scale of Love attitude(LAS-SF), and the questionnaire of 5 factors of mindfulness FFMQ. The fitness of the proposed model was estimated through structural equation modeling(SEM) and using the AMOS software package. The mediating relationship in the proposed pattern was tested using the bootstrap procedure. Result: The result of the structural equation modeling indicating relative fitness of model, showed that character types, attitude to love with the mediation of mindfulness had an indirect effect on the sexual relationship  predict sexual relationship. Therapists are advised to acquaint couples with different types of lovemaking styles and personality types, and also by training mindfulness, the quality of the sexual relationship can be improved.     Manuscript profile

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83 - A Study on Social Structure, Marriage and a Romantic Relation
Hahmad Sadeghi

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84 - Abulfazl Rashiduddin Meibdi and His Interpretation of Real and Virtual Love
Fatemeh Pahlavan Shamsi

One of the most lasting and the most valuable Persian language and literature treasures is translations and interpretations which have been written by clean-minded servants of God. Among these long translations and interpretations of the Holy Quran, kashf Al-asrar writt More

One of the most lasting and the most valuable Persian language and literature treasures is translations and interpretations which have been written by clean-minded servants of God. Among these long translations and interpretations of the Holy Quran, kashf Al-asrar written by Meybodi has high value and special authority. Mystical interpretation has been completed by Meybodi in 1126 AD. His Sufism is a romantic Sufism; this means that he considers relationship between man and God as concept of love or affection, so that being human is aware of God. Abolfazl Rashid Al-din Meybodi having skill for using words, considers the true love voice as the agent of purification and spiritual self-creation and also its pleasant breeze as inspiring satisfaction inside. The current paper presents that features and attributes of love in mystical interpretation of kashf Al-asrar with themes about it has high value so that it takes heartless reader to ascension of the facts and in the end of each topic, sweet nectar of joiner places in his vein and lipid. Manuscript profile

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85 - Psychoanalytic Criticism of “Affection Seeking” and its Difference with “Healthy Love” in the Novel Called “My Share” Based on Horney’s Theory
saeedeh samimi parvaneh Adelzadeh Kamran Pashaei

Psychoanalytic criticism is a new branch of interdisciplinary criticisms. In this criticism, the researcher or critic tries to explore the hidden angles, behavioral conflicts, and psychological symptoms of the characters in a literary work to prepare the text’s ch More

Psychoanalytic criticism is a new branch of interdisciplinary criticisms. In this criticism, the researcher or critic tries to explore the hidden angles, behavioral conflicts, and psychological symptoms of the characters in a literary work to prepare the text’s characters for analysis. The German psychoanalyst, Karen Horney divides the phenomenon of love into three natural, psychotic and spontaneous types, distinguishing between the nature of incontinence and spontaneity. Horney criticizes psychotic need for love in Freud’s libidinal theory. Horney believes that the core of this need consists of a fundamental anxiety, the anxiety that arouses feelings of despair and loneliness in a hostile world. The anxiety is fundamentally manifested in various ways, and the neurotic tries to escape his feelings. Based on a descriptive-analytical approach from a psychoanalytic perspective, this article attempts to explain the distinction between the subject of healthy love and affection seeking in accordance with Karen Horney’s theory in the protagonist of the novel. What is reflected in reading of Masoumeh’s character in the novel “My Share” is that her love for those around her is not a healthy love, but a psychotic love, derived from her affection seeking need. Manuscript profile

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86 - An Inquiry to the Meaning of a Verse of Hafez
Mehdi Tadayyon Seyed Ali Mahmoudi Lahijani

حافظ اگر سجدة تو کرد مکن عیب کافر عشق ای صنم گناه نداردThis verse is one of the verses that seem complex and ambiguous in terms of meaning. Many commentators misinterpreted the meaning of the verse, which rooted in the lack of observation of the exact meaning of the com More

حافظ اگر سجدة تو کرد مکن عیب کافر عشق ای صنم گناه نداردThis verse is one of the verses that seem complex and ambiguous in terms of meaning. Many commentators misinterpreted the meaning of the verse, which rooted in the lack of observation of the exact meaning of the composition "unbeliever to love", which has caused most commentators have referred to the general meaning of the verse and they did not interpret the key phrases. Therefore, most of the descriptions of this verse are not based on correct logic and reasoning, and some commentators have repeated the same mistakes of their predecessors. Accordingly, this question is raised that what is the meaning of this verse based on the prevailing thought of Hafez's sonnets? This article is focused on reviewing the critiques of the verse and their critique. Based on the meaning of the combination of "unbeliever to love" in Persian literature, it can be seen that the beloved blamed Hafiz for prostrating to others than god, and in response, Hafiz considered the infidel of love innocent of any sin and error; Because this mistake and sin arise by the lover. Manuscript profile

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87 - The Study of "Homay and Homayoun" and "Gol and Nowruz" with Theory of Love (John Lee)
Tayebe Abdollahzade Vajiheh Torkamani Barandozi Ahmad Karimi Maryam Shadmohammadi

There has been much debate about the nature and nature of love from the perspective of psychology. In recent decades, researchers have tried to study literary works by focusing on various theories; one of the theories in this regard is the theory of love. Is John Lee. I More

There has been much debate about the nature and nature of love from the perspective of psychology. In recent decades, researchers have tried to study literary works by focusing on various theories; one of the theories in this regard is the theory of love. Is John Lee. In his theory, he compares the types of love with the original colors, and the three main styles of love are given: love to an ideal person, love as a game of love as friendship. Farsi, Kermani Khawaji in "Homay and Homayoun" and "Flower and Nowruz" poems, like other Ghanaian poets, deals with the subject of love and relationships of lover and lover; in this study, we have tried to find love in Khaju's poems with John Lee's theory of love. Examine and adapt. The main question of this research is to answer the following question: What are the characteristics of love in these two poems which correspond to the type of love in Lee's theory? The result of this study shows that love in these two love stories is characterized by John Lee's theory of love. It corresponds to being romantic and having a passionate style. Send feedback History Saved Manuscript profile

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88 - Classification and Analysis of Childlessness in Persian Love Poems
Azam Hosseini Hasan Zolfaghari

One of the narrative themes in love poems is the infertility of the lovers' parents. This theme is not one of the main themes, but it is the point of entry of lovers into the story So the author uses all his art to describe it as a beautiful and memorable event. This re More

One of the narrative themes in love poems is the infertility of the lovers' parents. This theme is not one of the main themes, but it is the point of entry of lovers into the story So the author uses all his art to describe it as a beautiful and memorable event. This research seeks to classify infertility in Persian love poems by describing and analyzing the content of the text. What role does each of these classifications and subspecies play in the narrative? For this purpose, the book "One Hundred Persian Love Poems" (Zolfaghari, 2015) is the basis of the work. According to the results, in thirty poems, the parents of lovers have suffered from infertility and in many cases, have been worried about the throne of their heirs. They have children in various ways (having children through prayer and charity, helping a dervish by eating blessings, having children outside the womb or with the presence of only one parent, hiding the birth or abandonment of a child, and predicting the birth of a child) has fallen. The evolution of this theme shows that its use began with mythology and was very primitive and naive in folk tales. The authors of Persian love poems of the fourth to ninth centuries, using their taste, have used it in various forms. From the ninth century onwards, nothing new is added to it and it is a repetition of the previous ones. Its peak was in the twelfth century due to the rise of Indian systematists and the rise of idealism. The role of this theme in the narrative structure of the love story is that the author, by portraying the difficult parenting of children, prepares the audience's mind for the events formed by these children in the continuation of the story, and increases the actions and thus the story's appeal. Manuscript profile

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89 - A Study of the Archetype of a Seductive Woman in Iraj Mirza's "Zohreh and Manouchehr" Masnavi
Shekofeh Yaghmaei Mahmoud Sadeghzadeh Hadi Heidarinia

Archetypes are the same and common forms in the minds and subconscious of human beings that show themselves in each era in the form of common beliefs of that period, and recognizing their changes and transformations can give us an understanding of deep currents. Increas More

Archetypes are the same and common forms in the minds and subconscious of human beings that show themselves in each era in the form of common beliefs of that period, and recognizing their changes and transformations can give us an understanding of deep currents. Increase cultural, moral and religious in historical periods. In this research, the archetype of a seductive woman in literature has been analyzed and compared with Iraj Mirza's Masnavi "Zohreh and Manouchehr". The great poets have referred to the archetype of the seductive woman in their poetry. Iraj Mirza, in his Masnavi "Zohreh and Manouchehr", has used this archetype as the basis of his story and has called Zohreh the goddess of love and has given it a special character. In this research, in a descriptive-analytical way, an attempt has been made to study the archetypal manifestations of the seductive woman in the Masnavi of Zohreh and Manouchehr Iraj Mirza with accurate and comprehensive definitions of the archetype and forms of archetype. The results of the research indicate that Iraj Mirza called the goddess of love Venus in his story and is present in the literature named Venus and Anahita. Venus in this system, on the one hand, is the god of music, love, water, rain, fertility and the manifestation of purity and purity, and on the other hand, it represents a woman who ascends to heaven and to the star as a result of wrongful deception and deception of Harut and Marut. O becomes. Venus is also a character whose description and illustration are reminiscent of dance and merriment, and this is equivalent to its mythical aspect and its archetype in literature, where it is also a manifestation of dance, cheerfulness and love.  Manuscript profile

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90 - Analysis Domination of the Beloved Over Lovers in the Manzoomeh Khosrow and Shirin Nezami of based on the Sociological Perspective of Lukacs, Bourdieu and Adorno
Zahra Nourmohammadi Najafabadi Shahrzad Niazi, Mahboobeh Khorasani

The poems of Khosrow and Shirin Hakim Nezami are among the famous Persian poems in the field of lyrical literature. The basis of the story is love. In this story, in which several loves are flowing, the position of the lover and the beloved is often shifting and fluctua More

The poems of Khosrow and Shirin Hakim Nezami are among the famous Persian poems in the field of lyrical literature. The basis of the story is love. In this story, in which several loves are flowing, the position of the lover and the beloved is often shifting and fluctuating. The course of the story becomes sometimes normal and sometimes unconventional. One of the unconventional actions is the domination of the lover over the beloved. It was expected that in proportion to the gravity and magnetic field of the beloved, the proportionality of domination would be exercised in favor of the beloved, but; Contrary to expectations, we are witnessing fluctuations and changes in the position of our domination. In an interdisciplinary study using descriptive-analytical sources, documents and library tools, this study examines the nature and reasons for the fluctuation of lover domination in these systems from a sociological perspective, based on the views of George Lukács, Pierre Bourdieu and Theodore Adorno. Because; Behavior is derived from the psyche. This study also approaches psychoanalytic critique. Findings show: hegemony of power, class bases, objects and mentalities of society and the poet; the fluctuation of domination has been in favor of the upper classes, and this dialectic has led to a military attitude and approach to the fluctuation of domination. Manuscript profile

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91 - The effect of negative experiences from online food delivery platforms on the desire to avoid and the desire to retaliate in the tourism industry (Tehran city case study)
yazdan Shirmohammadi Davood Kargarzadeh

Today, the use of online food delivery platforms has increased during the pandemic and so have complaints and negative reviews, which are available online for all to see. Therefore, the main problem of the current study is the effect of the stimuli of negative brand exp More

Today, the use of online food delivery platforms has increased during the pandemic and so have complaints and negative reviews, which are available online for all to see. Therefore, the main problem of the current study is the effect of the stimuli of negative brand experiences on the desire to avoid and the desire to retaliate through betrayal and hatred of the brand, taking into account the moderating variable of brand love in food distribution platforms in the tourism industry of Tehran. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation in terms of method. The statistical population is all managers, experts and employees of food distribution platforms in the tourism industry of Tehran. Using the partial least squares method, a sample size of 170 people was obtained. The data collection tool was a standard questionnaire whose face validity was confirmed using the opinion of management professors and construct validity using factor analysis and reliability of variables using Cronbach's alpha. Data analysis was done with SPSS22 and SmartPLS4 software. It was shown that negative experiences have a positive and significant effect on brand betrayal and brand hatred. The positive and significant effect of brand betrayal and brand hatred on the mutual result was also confirmed. Finally, it was shown that negative experiences with the moderation of brand love also have a negative and significant effect on brand betrayal and brand hatred. Manuscript profile

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92 - Historical Review of the Thinking of Abrogating Writings in the Third and Fourth Centuries
Mohsen Ghasempour Fatomeh Hajiakbari

The abrogation in the Quran in the first three centuries have had a general meaning, which has become an example in later periods. From the second to the fifth centuries, the number of verses that were considered obsolete increased dramatically, and a scholar from Zohar More

The abrogation in the Quran in the first three centuries have had a general meaning, which has become an example in later periods. From the second to the fifth centuries, the number of verses that were considered obsolete increased dramatically, and a scholar from Zohari to Ibn Jouzi, respectively, made obsolete verses from 42 to 247 verses respectively. In the fourth millennium, the golden age of writing is unconscious and outdated, as the revelation of verses is so great that some people have called this approach, the name of the love of Al-Nashk, the number of unwholesome and obsolete verses has been brought to 215. This research tries to examine the types of manuscripts by analytical-descriptive method. Thus, the context of the development of the theory of manuscripts in the face of some of Allah's verses, which appeared to be incompatible, was formed, based on this, the jurisprudents put forward the basis of the earlier and later verdicts in the order of descent, and, using this, they eliminated this paradox. Listing conflicting verses, unconscious occasions of obsolete, facilitating unconscious memorization and obsolete, and compiling based on jurisprudential documents, including those of the works of the prescriptions in the early centuries The abrogation in the Quran in the first three centuries have had a general meaning, which. Manuscript profile

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93 - Investigating of virtual love and its resulting damages in the behavior of young people (case study: universities of Ardabil province)
iran soleimani

Students' love may have a positive or negative effect on their behavior and affect the atmosphere of the university. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between university students' love and their behavior. The descriptive research method is con More

Students' love may have a positive or negative effect on their behavior and affect the atmosphere of the university. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between university students' love and their behavior. The descriptive research method is contextualization. Based on research hypotheses, to investigate the relationship between virtual love and its components with students' behavior (Ardebil universities) It also examines the relationship between demographic variables (gender, age and education) with virtual love. Standard MSQ, JDS, JSS questionnaires were used to collect information. 88% living environment, 60% beauty, 95% vulgar movies, 81% think that virtual communication, 98% of friends and 71% of lack of money in life are the reasons why young people fall into virtual love, that 54% of virtual love does not lead to marriage, 96% consider love marriage to be a cause of cynicism and lack of trust, 85% consider polygamy to be the cause of many divorces. 64% consider love to be an obstacle to academic progress. In sum, love and its components, respectively, vulgar movies, nabob friends, living environment, virtual communication, beauty and clothing, lack of finances, solidarity and had a significant relationship with students' behavior. Manuscript profile

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94 - حضور زنان در دو داستان پرندهء من از فریبا وفی و من اورا دوست داشتم از آناگاوالدا
Alireza Salehi Mahdieh Fadae

10.30495/ttlt.2023.699080

نویسندگان زن در آثار خود با به کارگیری تکنیک ها و مولفه های فرمی یکسان، اغلب به طرح اندیشه ها و مسائل مربوط به زنان و جایگاه و حضور آنان در زندگی و جامعه می پردازند. هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی مسائل مشترک شخصیت اصلی زن در دو داستان «پرندهء من » از فریبا وفی و &laq More

نویسندگان زن در آثار خود با به کارگیری تکنیک ها و مولفه های فرمی یکسان، اغلب به طرح اندیشه ها و مسائل مربوط به زنان و جایگاه و حضور آنان در زندگی و جامعه می پردازند. هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی مسائل مشترک شخصیت اصلی زن در دو داستان «پرندهء من » از فریبا وفی و «من او را دوست داشتم » از آناگاوالدا نویسنده معاصر فرانسوی است. در این پژوهش نگاه هر دو نویسنده به عشق، خانواده و جایگاه زنان در جامعه مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. با توجه به اینکه این دو نویسنده از دو اجتماع متفاوت با فرهنگ و موقعیت جغرافیایی مختلف هستند اما پیام و درون مایه هر دو نویسنده ظلم به زن و تنهایی زنان و بی وفایی مردان است. زنان این داستان ها به دنبال کشف هویت فردی مستقل خود هستند و با وجود وابستگی عاطفی و اقتصادی که به همسران و خانواده خود دارند دچار خلا عاطفی شده و در نتیجه احساس تنهایی و خستگی روانی ناشی از نبود هویت و استقلال وجودشان را فراگرفته است. Manuscript profile

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95 - انشا
Alireza Salehi

10.30495/ttlt.2020.673897

Manuscript profile

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96 - Love with Roozbehan, Baqli and Ibn Arabi; With emphasis on the status of women
Zahra Kushki Insha' Allah Rahmati

    Abstract"Love" as a challenging category has been the concern of many Muslim mystics, including Roozbehan and Ibn Arabi. In addition, this word has always been associated with the female sex as a mistress. This connection seems stronger in the opinions o More

    Abstract"Love" as a challenging category has been the concern of many Muslim mystics, including Roozbehan and Ibn Arabi. In addition, this word has always been associated with the female sex as a mistress. This connection seems stronger in the opinions of the two mystics than the others. The importance of the issue of love from the point of view of Roozbehan and Ibn Arabi, emphasizing the role of women, is due to the fact that both mystics had innovative and somewhat different views on love and women from other Sufi elders. This is what makes this issue "controversial" and readable. In this regard, the authors, through phenomenological studies, have explored the circumstances and views of these two characters about women and chaste human love. How these two mystics interpret love and its types, as well as the status of women in their minds, are questions that have been tried to be answered. After studying the opinions of Sheikh Shatah and Sheikh Akbar, it has been concluded that for all of them, virtual love is not just a training ground or a ladder and a path to true love, but chaste human love is a radius of the spark of divine love and along and in line with It is counted. Moreover, both mystics believe that understanding the eternal beauty of God and tasting the love of God, only by paying attention to the "manifestations" of that eternal truth in the forms of creatures, especially the highest of them, namely man, especially woman, with All aspects of his existence, including physicality and spirituality, are possible. It is in this direction that woman and chaste human love find a special place in the life and thought of these two in comparison with the opinions of other great Sufis.   Manuscript profile

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97 - Femininity and marriage in Ibn Arabi's ontology
Alila Attar Abd Al-Reza Mazaheri Muhammad reza Adli

Abstract The diversity of names is defined in Ibn Arabi's system of thought along with the contrast of names, which depicts how the grace of existence from one to many. By expressing repentance, he deals with the multiplicity of names and the infinity of the universe, a More

Abstract The diversity of names is defined in Ibn Arabi's system of thought along with the contrast of names, which depicts how the grace of existence from one to many. By expressing repentance, he deals with the multiplicity of names and the infinity of the universe, and considers the secret of creation in the movement of love that leads to repentance, and points out that the resurrection of Sari takes place in all particles. However, considering the scope of the discussion and also clarifying it, the present article deals with the first part and considers it necessary to enter the discussion first by expressing the meaning of the name from the point of view of scholars and mystics and then by explaining the multiplicity of names from the essence. To effectively understand the marriage of names and the creation of multiple creations from one unit. Therefore, in this article, first, the meanings of tawakah in the human world and divine names are discussed, and its mystery and lavender are also considered from Ibn Arabi's point of view, and then the discussion of divine names and the contrast and reincarnation of names are discussed and different divisions are discussed. It has been clarified from the names and names of the names, and that the divine love has caused creation through the names, has been examined and is active and capable in the divine matter and the natural system, which is the reason for the creation and acceptance of this divine matter by The natural world has been studied and for this reason, marriage and ability in different names and worlds and finally the human world have been discussed. Manuscript profile

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98 - The Mystical Attitude of Ahmad Ghazali and Transformation of Pure Love of Layla and Majnun
Soheilā Namāz Alizādeh Asharf-o-Sādat Mousavilar

The scholars in the field of mysticism have expressed a variety of ideas about the concept of love, which show the importance of it in Iranian religious thoughts. Ahmad Ghazali (452 -520 AH) created a dramatic change in the nature of love by writing mystical works. He p More

The scholars in the field of mysticism have expressed a variety of ideas about the concept of love, which show the importance of it in Iranian religious thoughts. Ahmad Ghazali (452 -520 AH) created a dramatic change in the nature of love by writing mystical works. He presented a new interpretation of the story of Layla and Majnun's love in Sawāneh, his first work in the field of love in Persian language. In Arabic literature, Layla and Majnun love story is a kind of pure love (Ishq-e Azrā) or Platonic love. By using descriptive-analytical method, in the present article the attempt is made to consider the stages of the transformation of pure love of Layla and Majnun in Ahmad Ghazali's thoughts and to answer this question: In a comparative study, how do we interpret the similarities and differences between the Layla and Majnun love in Ahmed Ghazali's attitude and the pure love in Arabic literature? The results show that, based on Ghazali's romantic and mystical principles, virtuous, secular, painful, unending and pure love transforms to admirable, divine, pleasant and hopeful love and leads to perfection. Manuscript profile

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99 - Soluk from the Perspective of Ibn al-Farez
Amir Hossein Rasoulnia

Soluk (spiritual journey) is one of the most important issues in mysticism. Each mystic has his own interpretation of suluk. One of the most famous Arabic poets is Ibn al-Farez (Umar ibn Alī ibn al-Fārid), 576-632 AH, known as Sultān al-Āshegin, who is a great mystic an More

Soluk (spiritual journey) is one of the most important issues in mysticism. Each mystic has his own interpretation of suluk. One of the most famous Arabic poets is Ibn al-Farez (Umar ibn Alī ibn al-Fārid), 576-632 AH, known as Sultān al-Āshegin, who is a great mystic and a man of letters. Ibn al-Farez has established his mysticism based on love; he continually speaks of divine wine and believes that Love is the most important subject in the world and the greatest motivation for transcendence of man. The present article tries to examine suluk in Ibn al-Farez's works from literary and mystical points of view and to study four stages of "sensual observation", "sensual experience", "direct vision by heart" and "spiritual observation" in his thoughts. The results show that he uses the symbols for exposition of soluk and only Muslim mystics can understand his explanations about symbols.   Manuscript profile

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100 - Mystical Aesthetics: An Analysis Based on Hegel's Philosophy of Aesthetics
Narjes Tohidifar Saeid Asadi

  Comparing phenomena is a way to know their different layers, as well as a way to discover new and hidden ones. By using analytical-comparative method, the present study investigates and compares mysticism and beauty. At first, the concept of beauty, the process o More

  Comparing phenomena is a way to know their different layers, as well as a way to discover new and hidden ones. By using analytical-comparative method, the present study investigates and compares mysticism and beauty. At first, the concept of beauty, the process of its creating and the way to understand it is examined. Then, some instances of beauty in Islamic mysticism are introduced. The study focuses more on the intuitive aspect of beauty associated with mysticism. The results show that according to Hegel, art is the recording of transient moments happening for artist in an impressionistic moment. In this way, the artist transforms the transient moment into a persistent and eternal one. Also, in Islamic mysticism, in an intuitive moment (which is the same as an impressionistic moment in Hegel's aesthetics) the mystic observes the beauty of the celestial geometry in the loci of manifestations due to his/her constant attention to the Divine beauty. These manifestations include from the beauty of the human face in carnal love to the smallest particles of the universe. Manuscript profile

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101 - Study of Love: From God to Man
SeidHosein Hoseini

The main subject of this article is methodical analysis of love with regard to Masnavi Manavi. The author, with paying attention to the doctrines of Quran and the deeds and words of Mouhammad and the 12 Imams, tries to consider the subject of love in the relationship of More

The main subject of this article is methodical analysis of love with regard to Masnavi Manavi. The author, with paying attention to the doctrines of Quran and the deeds and words of Mouhammad and the 12 Imams, tries to consider the subject of love in the relationship of God and man. On this basis, for analysing the meaning and concept of ‘love’ and reaching a stable ‘study of love’, it is required to move from ‘study of God’ to ‘study of man’. Manuscript profile

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102 - Time in Islamic Mysticism
مرتضی شجاری

  According to the Islamic theologians, time is an illusory concept, and the Muslim philosophers argue that time is the measure of motion. But the Islamic mystics believe that time is related to soul, the soul that is divine and blessed. If the mystic seeks n More

  According to the Islamic theologians, time is an illusory concept, and the Muslim philosophers argue that time is the measure of motion. But the Islamic mystics believe that time is related to soul, the soul that is divine and blessed. If the mystic seeks nearness to God, he will be everlasting. From this point of view, there is not any past and future, and the soul is immortal. The holly traveler (sālek) is seeking nearness to God and wants to set free from the time, which is possible only with Divine love, when the Soul is filled with God.      Manuscript profile

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103 - Rābiah and Metaphor
قدمعلی سراّمی مهری تلخابی

      Rābiah al-Adawiyya al-Qaysiyya or Rābiah al-Basrī (717-801), the first Muslim female Sufi saint, had a profound influence on later Sufis. She was the first to set forth the doctrine of Divine Love. In her unorthodox approach, she explores the na More

      Rābiah al-Adawiyya al-Qaysiyya or Rābiah al-Basrī (717-801), the first Muslim female Sufi saint, had a profound influence on later Sufis. She was the first to set forth the doctrine of Divine Love. In her unorthodox approach, she explores the narcissistic symptoms and the Divine Love. The present article tries to show that, as in her case, tendency towards mysticism can be a result of alienation from worldly affairs.     Manuscript profile

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104 - The Concept of Love in the Story of Sheikh San'an (by Attār Neishapouri) and the Fantasy Play of Sheikh San'an (by M. H. Meymandinejad) Based on Robert Sternberg's Ideas
Mohammadrezā Rasouli Parisā Kiomarsi

  The concept of love has been discussed in literature, but the cited theories have not been employed for its analysis. Love is one of the concepts that writers have paid attention to it in order to create their works. Attār Neishapouri is one of those who hase sp More

  The concept of love has been discussed in literature, but the cited theories have not been employed for its analysis. Love is one of the concepts that writers have paid attention to it in order to create their works. Attār Neishapouri is one of those who hase spoken much of the concept of love in his works. In Mantegh-Al-Tayr and in its anecdotes, he presents a special kind of love. One of these anecdotes is the story of Sheikh San'an, in which love is introduced as an effective element in advancing the story. In the dramatic literature of Iran, much attention has been paid to this story due to its interesting features. In contemporary era, Mohammad Hossein Meymandinejad has adapted the fantasy play of Sheikh San'an from Attar's story. In the present article, at first, Robert Sternberg's theory of love is considered and then, based on Sternberg's theory, the anecdote of Sheikh San'an and the fantasy play of Sheikh San'an by Meymandinejad are examined in order to distinguish the dimensions of love in these two works.   Manuscript profile

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105 - The Analysis of A Hadith Based on Persian and Arabic Texts
Batool Heidarī S.Mahdi Nouriān Eshaq Toghiānī

In Islamic literary, mystical and ethical texts a particular hadith (the Prophet’s saying) is citied for explaining “metaphorical love” (Ishq Majazi). It is well-known as the “hadith of love”, as follow: Whoever falls in love and yet concea More

In Islamic literary, mystical and ethical texts a particular hadith (the Prophet’s saying) is citied for explaining “metaphorical love” (Ishq Majazi). It is well-known as the “hadith of love”, as follow: Whoever falls in love and yet conceals it until his death, he has died as a martyr. First time, Ibn-Dawood, in his book Al-Zuhara and in the interpretation of story of “love of Ozra”, referred to this Hadith. But the researchers who study about the Prophet Tradition and Hadith believe that this Hadith is apocryphal and invented. Despite the opposition of opponents, especially Hanbalites, the Hadith continued to live on in Islamic mysticism. In the present article, after considering the history of the Hadith and its genuineness, we study its use in mystical texts, and its reflection in Persian and Arabic literary books. Also, these issues will be considered: the relationship of metaphorical love and chastity, strife against one’s caprice and martyrdom, and concealing and love. Manuscript profile

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106 - Negative Manifestations of Anima in Literature and Myths
Asgar Salāhi Jafar Eshqī

According to the theory of Carl Gustav Jung, every man has an eternal image of woman in his unconscious that, in his psychological heritage, is sediment of all his experiences about woman in all ages. Jung calls this image anima. Learning about symbolic type is the only More

According to the theory of Carl Gustav Jung, every man has an eternal image of woman in his unconscious that, in his psychological heritage, is sediment of all his experiences about woman in all ages. Jung calls this image anima. Learning about symbolic type is the only way to understand the archetype, for the archetype of anima is revealed in human conscious in a symbolic way. With decreasing level of consciousness, anima, as a universal symbol and like other archetypes, enters conscious by dreams, imaginative inventions, myths, literature then it is revealed. Literary texts are full of archetypal images and anima. ‘Murder of lovers’, ‘sensual imaginations’, ‘sensitivity of men’ as three negative manifestations of anima in Jung’s theory have been presented in Iranian cultural elements like literature and myths. The present article tries to analyze these manifestations by using analytic-descriptive method and library sources.   Manuscript profile

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107 - The Lovers as an agent for evolution of mystic concept of Love in khamsa Nizami
neda abed maryam jalali

Love is the main concept in "Khamsa of Nezami "to the extent that he considered love to be the essence of life and equated life without love to depression and death. Love in "Khamsa of Nezami" is the main pillar of creating the poetic stories. In this research, we have More

Love is the main concept in "Khamsa of Nezami "to the extent that he considered love to be the essence of life and equated life without love to depression and death. Love in "Khamsa of Nezami" is the main pillar of creating the poetic stories. In this research, we have tried to evaluate the origin of mystical love in Persian literature by comparing the theme of love in Nezami's poems and poets before him. This article is done in a descriptive-analytical way, and the main question is, what role did Nezami play in creating the category of "mystical love" in Persian literature? The findings show that before Nezami, what was mentioned as "love" in literary texts, was generally introduced with regard to physical affairs and the description of the love affair between the lover and the beloved in the conditions of war and celebration. Nezami marked the main transformation in changing the view of physical love that It has been transformed into a mystical concept in Persian literature. Manuscript profile

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108 - Love and Wisdom in the View of Ferdowsi
Fahimeh Payam Asgari Mohammad Ziar

This paper will investigate, through an analysis of the story “Zal and Rudabeh”, Ferdowsi’s views on love and wisdom. The story depicts a comprehensive and credible image of love, passion, wisdom and patriotism, which reflect Ferdowsi’s realistic More

This paper will investigate, through an analysis of the story “Zal and Rudabeh”, Ferdowsi’s views on love and wisdom. The story depicts a comprehensive and credible image of love, passion, wisdom and patriotism, which reflect Ferdowsi’s realistic viewpoint and the lover’s interaction with and meditation on current problems. Thus, in a credible context, Zal, who is not an embodiment of physical beauty unlike in many romances, endeavors to reach his beloved through wisdom, perseverance and humanity. As the story unfolds, love and passion are represented along with pacifism, patriotism, and wisdom, and Ferdowsi takes the story beyond earthly love, transforming it to a profound, transcendental and beautiful notion which disseminates the message of interaction, wisdom, and compromise. Manuscript profile

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109 - Jami and Music
Yadollah Bahmani Motlagh Mohammad Reza Sam Khaniani

Jami is a poet whose poems musician with many musical idioms and passwords secret and colorful. This has caused a lot of poetry, regardless of musical meanings of words and phrases, it seems problematic, especially when changing positions consist that today it is called More

Jami is a poet whose poems musician with many musical idioms and passwords secret and colorful. This has caused a lot of poetry, regardless of musical meanings of words and phrases, it seems problematic, especially when changing positions consist that today it is called modulation or when reading or writing shuffle speaks the song and how must fit with the song and its issues, including reading, singing stud, modulate reading, ups and downs, and so we picked back or return. Otherwise it is not art and will enjoy a nice cup of entrepreneurship rather than concepts and their implications will Bhrmndh.etc, to explain musical terms used in Jami’s poetry have been to better understand the poem. Jami's poetry reading and musical review them and take his music  thesis shows, in addition to cup scientific and practical acquaintance with the instruments and components and how to build them, the secret of Song Ciphers are knew songs in authorities cases, especially when singing and writing shuffle speaks the song's current views with views of teachers are close. The Court of Jami's always music in terms of its technical sense, but then went to work for the beauty of creation were literal. Manuscript profile

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110 - The effect of love and commitment to the brand on brand loyalty, willingness to pay More and word of mouth in choosing and buying a smartphone for students of Islamic Azad University of West Tehran student
hadi seyedfazli Vahidreza mirabi Karim Hamdi

An era in which the survival of large companies is threatened by competitors and customers do not stay loyal to a brand for a long time and often change brands. On the other hand, the multiplicity of brands has caused people to be more exposed to strategies, advertiseme More

An era in which the survival of large companies is threatened by competitors and customers do not stay loyal to a brand for a long time and often change brands. On the other hand, the multiplicity of brands has caused people to be more exposed to strategies, advertisements and promotions related to brands, which has led organizations to explore in order to survive and gain more market share. Be more effective with their customers and consumers, manage and manage their brand relationships with consumers.In the present study,using one of the most comprehensive conceptual models available, we have investigated these factors affecting the impact of love and commitment to the brand on brand loyalty, willingness to pay more and word of mouth in choosing and buying a smartphone among Islamic Azad University students. In this research, structural equation method (multivariate analysis) SEM and smart-pls software have been used and Spss software has been used to measure descriptive statistics.The validity of the research is assessed through face, content and structural validity and reliability through Cronbach's alpha and combined reliability (CR). The statistical sample size was obtained from the table related to structural equations, which was a sample of 180 people Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

111 - Countenance of Lover and Beloved in the Diwan ( book of poetry ) of Naziri Nishaboori
Mohammad Amin Ehsani Estahbanati Ali Asghar Yari Estahbanati

Abstract Description of love and explanation of the spiritual conditions of lover and beloved in the literature has special and widespread manifestation. The high frequency of topics on love and literature and culture of nations proves this matter. In the Persian liter More

Abstract Description of love and explanation of the spiritual conditions of lover and beloved in the literature has special and widespread manifestation. The high frequency of topics on love and literature and culture of nations proves this matter. In the Persian literature, expounding of love, whether in numerous abstract love or in mystical heritage, divine love of man to love God or God's love to human being are of the most exquisite and luminous gems of man's thought. At this time, the Indian style, especially Naziri Nishaboori's poetry because of taking advantage of this style, has notable stance. Naziri's lyrics express his internal conditions of mind and are so exquisite that they appeal any listener even if he/she is tasteless. In this research the love and love circumstances are scanned in brevity. This paper has been written in descriptive – analytic method and the findings show that Naziri Nishaboori had special attention to the matter of love and utilized from Araghy style as a previous tradition. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

112 - Comparative Studying of the Relationship Between Love and Elitism in Maulana and Shamloo's Poetry
Masoud Barzegar Jalali Kamran Pashaei Fakhri Parvaneh AdelZadeh

Abstract         This research is a literary and sociological comparison with one of the most important themes of Persian poetry in the past and today's periods of time. We have tried, in this article, to study the course of evolution More

Abstract         This research is a literary and sociological comparison with one of the most important themes of Persian poetry in the past and today's periods of time. We have tried, in this article, to study the course of evolution of love and its relationship with the elitism with emphasis on Maulana and Shamloo's poetry. In this library research, Maulana's ideas have been studied and compared with the contemporary well-known poet Shamloo's. The findings of present article show that the meaning of love and elitism , in the classic and contemporary poetry, are only common terms and the function of the implication of love reflect different themes. The frequencies of love and elitism, the power of ultra love and its impact on elitism, creation of unity in love, the trust of man in God's love; and in Shamloo's poetry , it includes the joy of love in the elite man, truthfulness of man in love, faith etc … . The conclusion of this research is the transformation in the approach to love and elitism that changes simultaneously with the change of the emotion and the manifestation of love and the type of the beloved. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

113 - Developing the Model of the Role of Communication Marketing on the Brand Love of Iran Futsal Premier League Fans (Case Study: Mashhad Farsh Ara Sport Cultural Club
کیانوش شجیع سید مرتضی عظیم زاده فرشته ادیب روشن رضا حیدری

The aim of this study was to develop the model of the role of communication marketing tactics in the brand love of Iran futsal premier league clubs fans which was a case study in Mashhad Farsh Ara sport cultural club using structural equation modeling. This study was de More

The aim of this study was to develop the model of the role of communication marketing tactics in the brand love of Iran futsal premier league clubs fans which was a case study in Mashhad Farsh Ara sport cultural club using structural equation modeling. This study was descriptive-survey. And the population consisted of Mashhad Farsh Ara sport club fans. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data at the significance level of 0.05. As the path coefficient between communication marketing and brand personality was almost positive (0.24) and the related t statistic was equal to 15.16, it can be concluded (with 95% confidence) that this path coefficient was significant at the error level of 0.05. The significant and direct (positive) relationship between communication marketing and brand love was confirmed. Generally, the development of structural equation modeling of the role of communication marketing in brand love of Iran futsal premier league fans stated that an insertion of a new concept named love into Iran premier league clubs is a serious need and more attention to the fans’ needs is required to reach this important issue and to employ the positive results of this insertion into Iran football.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

114 - The Relationship between Brand Love and the Immediate Purchase of Sports Customers Mediated by the Tendency to Hedonistic Consumption
mehrad atashi Reza nikbakhsh abolfazl farahani alimohammad amirtash alimohammad safaniya

The present study was conducted with the aim of the relationship between brand love and the immediate purchase of sports customers mediated by hedonistic consumption tendency in Iranian Basketball Premier League players. The method used in this research was descriptive- More

The present study was conducted with the aim of the relationship between brand love and the immediate purchase of sports customers mediated by hedonistic consumption tendency in Iranian Basketball Premier League players. The method used in this research was descriptive-correlational and based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this study was the players of the Iranian Basketball Premier League (men and women) in 2020 (364 people). 146 people were selected as a statistical sample using G-Power software by stratified random sampling. Descriptive and inferential methods and structural equation modeling with partial least squares approach were used to analyze the data. The results showed that brand love, instant shopping and hedonistic consumption tendency were higher than the hypothetical average. The tendency to hedonistic consumption also mediates the partial (not complete) effect of brand love on the immediate purchase of sports customers. The coefficient of determining brand love and instant purchase was equal to 0.390 and 0.446, respectively, which indicated a good fit of the model. Therefore, is better for sports brand managers to identify people who love the brand through continuous monitoring of customers and needs assessment. It is also suggested that sports brand managers use the potential of social media to encourage customers to buy instantly in order to improve instant shopping. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

115 - An Analysis of the Sociological Concept of Love in Jalāl ad-Dīn Muhammad Balkhī‘s thoughts (Mowlānā)
Amir Rahimi Dadmarzi Habibollah Ahaghabakhsi

Abstract In recent years, the study of social problems have been seen as one of the most important parts of Persian literature texts which culminated in valuable works written in this field. The aim of this study was to analyze the sociological concept of love in Jalāl More

Abstract In recent years, the study of social problems have been seen as one of the most important parts of Persian literature texts which culminated in valuable works written in this field. The aim of this study was to analyze the sociological concept of love in Jalāl ad-Dīn Muhammad Balkhī‘s thoughts (Mowlānā). In this study, content analysis was used to analyze the data compiled.  The research method involved analyzing the works of Mowlānā and his thoughts were then compared and contrasted in terms of sociological viewpoints with other sociologists’ comments. The statistical population consisted of famous works of Mowlānā from which three important works (Masnavi, Divan-e Shams-e Tabrizi and Fihi Ma-Fihi) were selected as this study’s sample through targeted sampling. The results of the analysis suggests that Mowlānā is informing us that without love our social life would have no purpose or destination. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

116 - Psychometric Properties of Confidence Scale in Marital Relationships And its relation to the scale of love story
raheleh زرگرباشی عبدالحسن فرهنگی

Psychometric Properties of Confidence Scale in Marital Relationships And its relation to the scale of love story

Psychometric Properties of Confidence Scale in Marital Relationships And its relation to the scale of love story Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

117 - Counteraction of Reason and love from Attar's point of view
shahin ojaghalizadeh

Counteraction between the eternal sensational sentiment, love and the creations' first spark, reason is the main concern of this article. The two are the most controversial issues during the history of mysticism in the Persian literature, and a subject for many research More

Counteraction between the eternal sensational sentiment, love and the creations' first spark, reason is the main concern of this article. The two are the most controversial issues during the history of mysticism in the Persian literature, and a subject for many researches and criticisms. Searching to find the historical background of this counteraction in between the works of great mystics, in itself, requires an independent article. This article however attempts to investigate Attar's point of view as one of the pioneers of mystical poetry from the aspect of this counteraction. The attempt is also made to show that Attar's main preoccupation is love, his words centers around the pain of love and his mystical methodology pictures the journey of the mystic from the start of his pilgrimage to his final attainment as one through seven valleys. Love is a mirror which fully reveals the mystical culture of Attars' works. Although his style in his masnavi is teaching the mystical instructions, in his lyrics, one hears his passionate compositions. Reason is the sole guide of the initiate in the religious law, and he is worthy of servitude. Love is the initiate's guide towards divinity. In order to manifest the reflection of love in Attar's words and to explain his apprehensions regarding reason and its counteraction with love in his works, definitions of love and reason and their characteristics are given.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

118 - The quality of Moulana’s poetry
Mohammad Fesharaki

The pure essence of poetry in composition of great poets is imperative which in its perfection literary devices and techniques is of utmost importance.  The poetry of such poets as Hafez and Saadi has such pure sublime quality and in comparison with Moulana’s More

The pure essence of poetry in composition of great poets is imperative which in its perfection literary devices and techniques is of utmost importance.  The poetry of such poets as Hafez and Saadi has such pure sublime quality and in comparison with Moulana’s poetry it could be said that it is more poetic.  However whatgives to poetry of Moulana such grandeur and sublimity is pure love and the manner he expresses his innermost feeling. In general two main factors of music and love are greatly influential in conveying Moulana’s pure feelings to reader.  How the music and its devices work and how his special kind of love finds expression in his poetry is the purpose of this article. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

119 - The effect of famous endorsers of international brands on brand love through online brand interactions: Examining the role of brand attitude (Mac brand customers in Iran)
Fatemeh Behnam Feyzabadi, Omid Behboodi محسن مرادی

One of the most popular strategies used by advertisers is the use of celebrity endorsers. The credibility of the famous endorser has an effect on the interaction and communication of consumers in cyberspace. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to investigate the More

One of the most popular strategies used by advertisers is the use of celebrity endorsers. The credibility of the famous endorser has an effect on the interaction and communication of consumers in cyberspace. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of famous endorser's credibility on brand interaction and brand love with the moderating role of brand attitude. This research is a survey in terms of practical purpose and implementation method. The statistical population is all users of the Mac brand in cyberspace, whose number is unknown and unlimited; Based on Morgan's table, 384 samples are considered available in a non-random way. The data collection tool was the standard questionnaire of NikHashemi et al., (2023). In order to measure the face validity according to experts, convergent and divergent validity and factor analysis were used, and Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability were used for reliability. Data analysis was done with PLS3 software. The results showed that celebrity endorser credibility had a direct effect on brand love. Also, the indirect effect of celebrity endorser credibility on brand love through the mediating role of brand engagement was also confirmed. Interaction with the brand had a significant effect on love for the brand. Also, the results indicated the influence of the famous endorser's credibility on the interaction with the brand, and the attitude towards the brand moderated this influence. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

120 - Conceptual metaphor approach of "love" in moral teachings Case study: Sadi's Sonnet
ali dalirdisefani Ali Reza Shabanlu Soheila Mousavi Sirjani azita afrashii

Cognitive linguistics deals with the connection between the mind and language and the physical-social experiences of humans and includes a set of ideas in the intellectual foundations of which conceptual metaphor is one of the most important. According to Lakoff and Joh More

Cognitive linguistics deals with the connection between the mind and language and the physical-social experiences of humans and includes a set of ideas in the intellectual foundations of which conceptual metaphor is one of the most important. According to Lakoff and Johnson's theory of conceptual metaphor, conceptual metaphor means perceiving the objective concept of a phenomenon from the field of "origin" and transferring it to a mental concept in the field of "destination", and the elements and factors of connection between these two fields are called "mapping". Love is one of the most important feelings in human life, and the way of looking at love is one of the important topics in poetry and prose literature. Methods: This thesis is an analysis of the concept of "love" in Sadi’s sonnets with the approach of conceptual metaphor theory. This research is carried out with the descriptive-analytical method and according to the frequency of the word "love" in the context of Sa’di’s sonnets. Conclusion: The sub-mappings of conceptual metaphors of "love" in Sadi’s Sonnet are coherent. The structural nature of the conceptual metaphor of love in Sadi’s sonnets allows him to elaborate a concept in detail. The variety of metaphors in Sa’di sonnets makes us face Sadi’s organized mind in the analysis of the conceptual metaphor of "love". Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

121 - The Watched without Organs: A Deleuzean Reading of Suzan-Lori Parks’s Venus
Sara Faryam Rad Hassan Shahabi Shahram Raeisi Sistani

Suzan-Lori Parks, as a female black playwright, in her postmodern drama, Venus, has portrayed the condition of living of a black South African girl, subjugated under the hegemonic power of dominant colonizers. Saartje Bartmann, later renamed as Venus Hottentot, is seduc More

Suzan-Lori Parks, as a female black playwright, in her postmodern drama, Venus, has portrayed the condition of living of a black South African girl, subjugated under the hegemonic power of dominant colonizers. Saartje Bartmann, later renamed as Venus Hottentot, is seduced and then exploited by the colonizing power, both men and women. In the process of being sent from Africa to Europe, she is being watched, performing ritual dance and then, scrutinized by the colonizers. In this regard, the present study aims to read Venus by borrowing a different perspective from Deleuzean terminology to clarify and open up the less-discussed and investigated aspects of Parks’s drama to conclude that Venus’s slavery narrative, resembling a Deleuzean Watched without Organs, while entails a process of becoming different and against the dominant power, a schizoid person. It can be inferred as a form of Parksean resistance against the dominant metanarratives and creating her own mini-narrative. Manuscript profile

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