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Open Access Article
1 - Reason in the Qur'an from the perspective of al -Mizan's interpretation with a philosophical approach
sajad rezaei Amin Rezaee rodabeh rezaeiThis article deals with this topic aimed at examining the intellect in the Qur'an from the perspective of al-Mizan's interpretation with an analytical-descriptive approach. . If, in the sense of the Holy Qur'an, it means a understanding that recognizes the right and sho MoreThis article deals with this topic aimed at examining the intellect in the Qur'an from the perspective of al-Mizan's interpretation with an analytical-descriptive approach. . If, in the sense of the Holy Qur'an, it means a understanding that recognizes the right and shows the way, and when the rational rationation in the Qur'an is considered to be homogeneous words, it provides a multidimensional concept, each of which each word It is related to one of the dimensions of human reason and wisdom. The same rational and its important place in the Qur'an has always been and is a source of originality. Including commentators, who had unparalleled evidence in rational thinking; Allameh Mohammad Hussein Tabataba'i is. In their view, reason is not limited to the use of human reason, which includes a wide range of extent. He considers the origin both in the field of practical reason and in the field of theoretical reason caused by divine inspiration. In addition to having a unique and unique place in the field of interpretation, a well -known and mystical philosopher is a full -fledged philosopher. The interpretation of the Qur'an is to the Qur'an. At the same time, in view of their beliefs that divine philosophy and divine religion are separated, they have been philosophical in the interpretation of some verses after the Qur'anic interpretation, and in fact have presented rational issues to the Holy Quran. A. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Designing an Assessment Model of Leadership EFQM Using MCDM
A. Taghavi alidash H. MehrmaneshToday, our country's economic firms face countless challenges in globalization. EFQM excellence is astrong tool to help organizations surmount these challenges. This model has two major parts: enablersand results. Enablers include five areas: leadership, people, policy MoreToday, our country's economic firms face countless challenges in globalization. EFQM excellence is astrong tool to help organizations surmount these challenges. This model has two major parts: enablersand results. Enablers include five areas: leadership, people, policy and strategy, partnership andresources, and processes. Results include four areas: people, customer, society, and key performance.This model has been used in organization assessment by people who are responsible for our country’sindustries. However, this model has also been criticized. Assessment is done using an evidentialreasoning approach. The evidential reasoning approach is one of the MCDM techniques. Theimprovable areas must be recognized and divided into two classes: simple and important. Next, theimportant improvable areas must to be prioritized by one of the MADM techniques. To achieve morerapid excellence, the important improvable areas must be conducted by priority. According to theresearch findings, the sub-criteria and bolt points are not equal, in spite of the fact that they areconsidered equal in EFQM excellence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - The Justifying Reasons of the Differential protection of vulnerable victims in the shadow of criminal sciences teaching
H. HajitabarOne of the rather new issues in the realm of protective victimology of the national and above all, internationally levels is the study and investigating particular types of victimization. Accordingly, it is advisable that a new branch of protective victimology concernin MoreOne of the rather new issues in the realm of protective victimology of the national and above all, internationally levels is the study and investigating particular types of victimization. Accordingly, it is advisable that a new branch of protective victimology concerning special vulnerable victims be created which could be referred to as differential protective victimology. To this end, The present paper, briefly investigating the concept and definition of vulnerable victims and its special kinds of protective measures adopted based on the differential criminal policies, attempts to answer a basic question as to whether the urgency for differentially protecting vulnerable victims has been well-established in criminal sciences teaching? In response, we can conclude that although in most criminal sciences teaching mentioned in this paper, the protection of victims, especially vulnerable victims and differentially protecting have not been directly and clearly discussed, a logically relationship between criminal sciences teaching and their concepts and contents with the urgency for a special protective of vulnerable victims could be established through indirect and covert interpretation. To put it differentially, the issue of protecting vulnerable victims is hidden in the heart of each of the above-mentioned branches. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - The Attitude of Tehranian Customers toward Tourism Electronic Services
Alireza Dehghan Yalda Erfanifard -
Open Access Article
5 - A model for customers switching from National Bank by applying structured equations (Case Study: National Bank branches in Ilam province)
latif emami یاسان اله پوراشرف زینب طولابیRegarding the competitiveness of banking industry in recent years and entry of private sector in to this area, customer retention has assumed particular importance. The present research aims at preserving the present customers by identifying the reasons for customer swi MoreRegarding the competitiveness of banking industry in recent years and entry of private sector in to this area, customer retention has assumed particular importance. The present research aims at preserving the present customers by identifying the reasons for customer switching in National bank of Iran, branches administration. The research method applied in this study is both qualitative and quantitative (mixed). To extract a conceptual research method; ideas, theories, models, approaches and frameworks related to churning on the one hand, and in previous researches on the other hand were analyzed, the viewpoints of elites and experts were also used to identify the sample size. In qualitative method, in order to obtain the statistical population by network sampling, 35 elites (academics and professional churning customersand expert managers and National bank headquarter) in Ilam province were identified and they were directly interviewed or open-ended questionnaires were used. And through quantitative method, the present research includes all customer switching with outstanding balance of 10 million rials in branches of National bank located in Ilam province and stratified random sampling method was used. And questionnaires were used in gathering data which ended up in analyzing 395 questionnaires; findings showed that two variants of external (organizational) and internal (environmental) factors were recognized as effective factors in customer switching. Then applying operational analytic factors and structural equations, this model was finally verified doing several rectifications. According to the results achieved from this work, it became clear that managerial factors are the most effective factor among internal factors and ethnic considerations arethe most effective factor from among external factors (environmental) and is the exploratory subject of this study. This indicates that the bank under study should set on the agenda with a consideration of these factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Investigating the Impact of emotions on the Intention to buy customers of Green Products (Studied case: Students of the Islamic Azad University of Kashan)
alireza naalchi kashi Seyed Mohammad Tabataba’i- NasabPurpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the intention to purchase green products. For this purpose, a total of 450 students from the Islamic Azad University of Kashan took part in this survey. Methodology: The research method was app MorePurpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the intention to purchase green products. For this purpose, a total of 450 students from the Islamic Azad University of Kashan took part in this survey. Methodology: The research method was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of analysis, it was of the scaling type. The data collection tool and sampling for the questionnaire were done randomly and to determine the sample, the Cochran formula was utilized. This study used the SPSS software to analyze the descriptive statistics (demographical factors) and through the software PLS, the connection between the variables was investigated by structural equation modeling. Findings: The results indicated that environmental beliefs affect environmental concern and there must be a positive relationship between them. Also, the increase in environmental concern leads to an increase in the attitude to consume green products, and finally an increase in the consumers' intention to purchasing green products. Furthermore, an increase in environmental concerns also increases positive emotions, which in turn increases the consumers' will to purchase green products. Finally, with increasing environmental concerns, negative emotions increase. But the effect of negative emotions is on reverse purchasing intention. Research Limitations: The tested model now uses purchase intention as a result variable instead of real purchase, and in practice, it will be difficult to develop a research framework in a controlled real behavior. Managerial Implications and Originality/Valve: Investigating the role of positive and negative emotions on the intention of purchasing green products helps marketing managers up to by correct identifying consumers' emotions can designing appropriate strategies for encouraging them to use green products. Keywords: Environmental Beliefs, Environmental Concern, Positive Emotions, Negative Emotions, Attitudes toward Green Products, Theory of Reasoned Action. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - The Role of Media and Peers on Tendency of Female Students towards Beauty Products Based on the Extended Theory of Reasoned Action
Mohammad Nazaripour Bahar DastaranBeauty issues are very important for women, especially teenage girls. The influence of personality traits and social-environmental factors in this process is undeniable. Therefore, this study attempts to investigate the attitude of female students towards beauty product MoreBeauty issues are very important for women, especially teenage girls. The influence of personality traits and social-environmental factors in this process is undeniable. Therefore, this study attempts to investigate the attitude of female students towards beauty products based on the theory of reasoned action and by moderating media and peer variables. This study is applied in terms of purpose and correlation cross-sectional in terms of data collection. The statistical population of this study were female undergraduate students of administrative sciences studying at the universities are located in Shiraz and Qom cities. The time period of this study was the second semester of the academic year 2022-2023. Structural equation modeling and the analysis of variance by rank have been used to test the research hypotheses. According to the research findings, variables of media, peers, attitude and subjective norms have a positive and significant effect on the intention to buy beauty products by female students. Also, the media variable has a moderating effect on the relationship between attitude and purchase intention, and the peer variable has a moderating effect on the relationship between subjective norms and purchase intention. Based on the Kruskal-Wallis test, the main variables of the study (purchase intention, attitude and subjective norms) are not significantly different among different age groups. Finally, the findings of this study also provide marketers and retailers within the beauty product sector with an advantage when designing marketing strategies to target young female consumers, as they will have more information regarding the factors influencing these consumers’ purchase intention towards beauty products. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - A Model for Customers Switching from National Bank by Applying Structured Equations (Case Study: National Bank Branches in Ilam Province)
L. Emami Y. Pourashraf Z. ToulabiRegarding the competitiveness of banking industry in recent years and entry of private sector in to this area, customer retention has assumed particular importance. Consumer switching means the end of customer's relationship with the bank and his turning to other banks MoreRegarding the competitiveness of banking industry in recent years and entry of private sector in to this area, customer retention has assumed particular importance. Consumer switching means the end of customer's relationship with the bank and his turning to other banks as a result of a number of factors. The present research aims at preserving the present customers by identifying the reasons for customer switching in National bank of Iran, branches administration. The research method applied in this study is both qualitative and quantitative (mixed). To extract a conceptual research method; ideas, theories, models, approaches and frameworks related to churning on the one hand, and in previous researches on the other hand were analyzed, the viewpoints of elites and experts were also used to identify the sample size. In qualitative method, in order to obtain the statistical population by network sampling, 35 elites (academics and professional churning customers and expert managers and National bank headquarter) in Ilam province were identified and they were directly interviewed or open-ended questionnaires were used. And through quantitative method, the present research includes all customer switching with outstanding balance of 10 million Rials in branches of National bank located in Ilam province and stratified random sampling method was used. And questionnaires were used in gathering data which ended up in analyzing 395 questionnaires; findings showed that two variants of external (organizational) and internal (environmental) factors were recognized as effective factors in customer switching. Then applying operational analytic factors and structural equations, this model was finally verified doing several rectifications. According to the results achieved from this work, it became clear that managerial factors are the most effective factor among internal factors and ethnic considerations are the most effective factor from among external factors (environmental) and is the exploratory subject of this study. This indicates that the bank under study should set on the agenda with a consideration of these factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - The Internet Banking Services (IBS) in the Youth Market (Case Study: Eghtesad Novin Bank)
A. Tajzadeh S. Naysari TabriziIncreasing growth and developments in communication technology has brought about a revolution in different aspects of human life and organizational performance. This technology has greatly modified the views and practical approaches of people, organizations and state go MoreIncreasing growth and developments in communication technology has brought about a revolution in different aspects of human life and organizational performance. This technology has greatly modified the views and practical approaches of people, organizations and state governments country of Iran, however, is so new in accomplishment of Electronic Banking and Electronic Commerce and especially internet banking services is a long way to go towards the ultimate satisfactory situation. In this study, we investigated the status of Internet banking services (IBS) in the young market and examined knowledge, attitudes and behavior and achievements will try to set up an image of how this modern banking system is being functioned in some Iranian private the Eghtesad Novin banks and what achievements it has yielded for the country so far. Finally, challenges which Iran will have to encounter using this modern system will be concerned. The results of research is "descriptive - survey" that sample consisted of 168 young people of bank customers' Eghtesad Novin examined using descriptive and inferential statistical methods to evaluate the status of Internet banking services in the youth market. Results showed that regarding young people (age 18-32) the application of positive attitudes and understanding of IBS. It also confirmed the positive relationship between satisfaction and loyalty is the quality of IBS. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - The Role and Position of the Administrative JusticeTribunal in Reasoning, Documenting and Justifying the Judgments of the Quasi-Judicial Authorities
parviz hajipour Ali Faqih Habibi Tavkl habibzadeh Today, in addition to the judiciary and courts of justice, there are authorities under the headings ofcouncil, board, commission, etc., which according to special laws deal with some complaints and disputes andlawsuits, one side of which means the government, and More Today, in addition to the judiciary and courts of justice, there are authorities under the headings ofcouncil, board, commission, etc., which according to special laws deal with some complaints and disputes andlawsuits, one side of which means the government, and like courts of justice in nature Issue a verdict and ajudicial opinion. These authorities, which are often supervised by the executive branch and are created with theclaim that the issues are specialized, complex and technical, with the aim of accuracy, speed and accuracy of thefinal decision, both in accordance with some constitutional principles and ordinary laws and regulations. Theruling intellect, logic and custom are obliged to issue their final opinions and opinions in a reasoned, justifiedand documented manner to the laws, principles and legal rules. Otherwise, the Court of Administrative Justice,as the reviewing authority of such opinions, will not give them legal validity and legal existence in order toensure the rule of law and the realization of rights or annulment. In the present article, with regard to examplesof opinions issued by quasi-judicial authorities and the Court of Administrative Justice, the above issue isexamined and analyzed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - John Rawls’ Theory of Justice: From Moral Justice to Political Justice
شهلا اسلامیThe present article pursues the development of Rawls’ theory ofjustice from moral justice to political justice. Envolving Rawls'stheory of justice has two seminal stages. In the first, Rawlsintroduces fundamental concepts such as social contract, originalposition, MoreThe present article pursues the development of Rawls’ theory ofjustice from moral justice to political justice. Envolving Rawls'stheory of justice has two seminal stages. In the first, Rawlsintroduces fundamental concepts such as social contract, originalposition, and reflective equilibrium; these concepts have moralphilosophicalcontent. In the second, represented in his politicalliberalism and justice as fairness, Rawls introduces concepts likepluralism, well ordered society, public reason, and overlappingconsensus. Explicating these concepts makes it easy to realize thathow Ralws's theory is developed. Having discussed thisdevelopment, the article concludes that also the second stage ofRawls’ theory has moral-philosophical content. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Constituents of Meaningful Life According to J.Cottingham
امیرعباس علیزمانی مهدی غفوریانThe meaning of life is one of the most important subjects in philosophythat John Cottingham in “on the meaning of life” discusses this. Thequestion of the meaning of life is important in his view because justhuman being asks “what is the meaning of lif MoreThe meaning of life is one of the most important subjects in philosophythat John Cottingham in “on the meaning of life” discusses this. Thequestion of the meaning of life is important in his view because justhuman being asks “what is the meaning of life” because of his certainexistential situation. In Cottingham’s view, the characteristics of themeaning of life are profundity or seriousness, achievement, selfawarenessand autonomy, moral life i.e. moral objective values, successand theism or religious life. Cottingham holds that moral life cansatisfy human needs and flourish his talents. But our human nature ispurely result of genetic mutation in simply human view. Thereforemoral judgments do not have objective value because they depend onthis nature. Moreover, human being would not be successful in hisprojects and activities because of his vulnerable and fragile nature. Wecan reach conclusive reason for objective moral judgments and valuesand being hopeful for successful and meaningful life only if we rely onreligious and spiritual worldview which that benevolent god desires usto be moral. In Cottingham’s view, Understanding and acceptingreligious and spiritual worldview depends on exercising religiouspractices. in my humble opinion, Cottingham cannot explain howtheism support successful life because he does not use the concept oflife after death. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - The Beauty of Form and Reigidity of Content due to the rigour of the "Critique"
Musa AkramiAfter looking at the development of the idea of writing the bookCritique of Pure Reason and the Features of its two editions, theauthor tries to show its beauty of form and rigidity of content. Then hePresents Kantian great project of evaluating the ability of Pure reas MoreAfter looking at the development of the idea of writing the bookCritique of Pure Reason and the Features of its two editions, theauthor tries to show its beauty of form and rigidity of content. Then hePresents Kantian great project of evaluating the ability of Pure reason,Critique of various kinds of specalative Knowledge, their possibilityor impossibility, the realm of metaphysics, Kant's hope formetaphysics entering upon the secure Path of a science andrepresenting it as a doctrine, and finally, the place of the book in theworld of philosophy Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Comparison between Political Theology of Johannes Baptist Metz and Carl Schmitt
Gh Elmi مجتبی Zarvani امین AfkhamThe New political theology of Johannes Baptist Metz, the German Catholic Church priest, and theologian is one of the most important versions of Christian political theology against the position to the individualism, the privatization of religion, and the privatization o MoreThe New political theology of Johannes Baptist Metz, the German Catholic Church priest, and theologian is one of the most important versions of Christian political theology against the position to the individualism, the privatization of religion, and the privatization of religion, and the authoritarian view of government. Metz calls his political theology «New political theology» because of his criticism of Carl Schmitt's political theology, and in opposition to it. According to Metz, Schmidt believed in the inherent nature of violence in politics, presented anti-democratic and anti-Semitic political theology that justified the exclusion of others, and led into fascism. Therefore, in this article, we use a descriptive-analytical method to compare Metz and Schmidt's political theology; we will also examine Metz's innovations in Christian political theology and his critique of Schmidt. Metz's main innovation is that he speaks of «anamnestic reason» based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ, as well as the views of the Frankfurt School. This rationality, which is based on critical recollections of the past, can serve as a new starting point for work in the realm of Christian theology and can play an effective role in decision-making and social-political actions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Effects of Nonstationary and Uncertain Demand on an Inventory System Under Belief Structure Condition
امید تهرانیان A. میرزازاده بهمن نادری -
Open Access Article
16 - Quranic study and narration on the legitimacy of for-profit rights: life, competitive and residential right
Amir AhmadiIn human livelihood, there is an important right called for-profit right, which the legislator has stated in the civil law and jurists of its rules and effects. In this research, it has been tried to express the reasons for the legitimacy of for-profit rights, including MoreIn human livelihood, there is an important right called for-profit right, which the legislator has stated in the civil law and jurists of its rules and effects. In this research, it has been tried to express the reasons for the legitimacy of for-profit rights, including the life, competitive and residential right, according to Quranic and narration studies. But what is generally about the act of charities in the way of God can be one of the proofs of the legitimacy of these for-profit rights, of which verses have been mentioned. Also, in this research, other reasons such as narrative reasons, the actions of the companions of the Prophet (PBUH) and the basis of reason have been discussed as "as a source of legitimacy of for-profit rights". The purpose of this study is to investigate the legitimacy of for-profit right according to Islamic jurisprudential sources. Therefore, according to the emergence of new and emerging examples in this matter, the great Islamic jurists and Islamic jurists have a certain criterion for determining the types and rules of for-profit right. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Position of work in human’s life
Hosein Jamali ZadehContemplation in Islamic sources the importance and value of work and working from Islam’s point of view would be clarified; it insists on its crucial role in life and knows it as a principle for living. In case of tribulation, other elements would MoreContemplation in Islamic sources the importance and value of work and working from Islam’s point of view would be clarified; it insists on its crucial role in life and knows it as a principle for living. In case of tribulation, other elements would be damaged as well. In other words, attempting for life and living and working in order to produce and meet the needs is known as a duty by Islam which causes a close relationship with God. The Prophet and other Imams did the same in order to make such relation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - The legal nature of Ransom
Majid KhazaieOne of the most important aspects of ransom is its legal nature; whether the ransom payment is because of its punishment nature or of its wreck or both ones. The other point is that the legal nature of ransom would have functional effects in commandment a MoreOne of the most important aspects of ransom is its legal nature; whether the ransom payment is because of its punishment nature or of its wreck or both ones. The other point is that the legal nature of ransom would have functional effects in commandment and if yes it should be argued that why there is no discussion in juridical books. The present article attempts to study the reasons of ransom wrecks and punishments and finally surveys on the offered solutions for the related issues. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Sunnite's enjoyment of Ahl Al Beit in Quranic Sciences
Marziyeh Okati Gholam Reza Razavi Doust Ibrahim NouriAhl Al Beit has left precious and priceless traditions such as Quranic science issues. Sunnite scholars also have enjoyed them differently. The present paper – after studying Sunnite's Quranic science books – analyzes and divided Sunnite scholars' enjoyment MoreAhl Al Beit has left precious and priceless traditions such as Quranic science issues. Sunnite scholars also have enjoyed them differently. The present paper – after studying Sunnite's Quranic science books – analyzes and divided Sunnite scholars' enjoyment of Ahl Al Beit. The enjoyments are divided in the following categories: preference enjoyment – which shows the preference of Ahl Al Beit's traditions than others. Citing enjoyment which cites the accuracy of Ahl Al Beit's words. Approval, critical and ignorance enjoyment are other types and comes to the conclusion that the Sunnites scholars have enjoyed Ahl Al Beit traditions variously. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - A Research on al-Mutaffifin Dating
Fathiyeh Fattahi Zadeh Masoumeh ShirdelDetermining the order and time of the Suras revelation were of chronic issues in Quranic Sciences interpretation. The important subject in this field is the position of al-Mutaffifin surah which is not clear to consider it as the last Makki Surah or the first Mada MoreDetermining the order and time of the Suras revelation were of chronic issues in Quranic Sciences interpretation. The important subject in this field is the position of al-Mutaffifin surah which is not clear to consider it as the last Makki Surah or the first Madani Surah. According to narrations and oral witnesses on Quran Suras dating, it could be seen that most traditions expres al-Mutaffifin is followed by Ankabout (Spider) Surah. It also can be concluded that according to Mohammad's Hegira and its distance with the begging of the Hijri calendar, the revelation of this surah is close to His Hegira. The characteristics of this surah express that it is Makki. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - the jurisprudence on the beautification of the head and face
narges khatami سید محمد مهدی احمدیOne of the nice features of Islam confirming and strengthening the sense of patriotism In regard to appearance and consequently maintain the dignity of man and Muslim Accordingly.This is in line with growing demand for cosmetic surgery has been done head and face. Accor MoreOne of the nice features of Islam confirming and strengthening the sense of patriotism In regard to appearance and consequently maintain the dignity of man and Muslim Accordingly.This is in line with growing demand for cosmetic surgery has been done head and face. Accordingly, for a license to beautify the verses and hadiths and practical principles And also because it can be argued rationally. In this paper, the library method And provide evidence, if accepted for any reason to briefly review And has been answered. Memel possible prolongation until Vakhtsar disruptive been warned. key words: Beauty, the reason, Head and face, Permit Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Examining the application of the prohibition of reasoning in family lawsuits
Zahra AsvarIn civil litigation, unlike criminal offenses, the judge, according to the principle of impartiality, has no right to directly collect the evidence of the claim in favor of one of the litigants, which is called the prohibition rule. This research uses analytical-descrip MoreIn civil litigation, unlike criminal offenses, the judge, according to the principle of impartiality, has no right to directly collect the evidence of the claim in favor of one of the litigants, which is called the prohibition rule. This research uses analytical-descriptive method to discuss the application of this rule in litigation of couples, which is a special type of civil litigation. In this research, the aim is to investigate the application of the rule of prohibition of reason in family lawsuits. It was concluded that in cases where the crime occurred in litigation between spouses, it is possible to conduct an investigation in accordance with the Code of Criminal Procedure. The local investigation is under the jurisdiction of the judge, according to which he can issue a verdict based on which he has influenced his knowledge. In some cases, in addition to two-way interviews, the principle of neutrality is used to acknowledge the truth in the language of the couple, and in general, it can be concluded that the rule prohibiting the study of evidence is not a completely absolute rule and within the framework of the principle On the other hand, measures can be taken to obtain evidence that couples' litigation is more flexible than other civil litigation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Analyzing the Intention of Individual Investors towards Socially Responsible Investment: Extended Theory of Reasoned Action
Mohammad Nazaripour Babak ZakizadehSocially responsible investment (SRI) means investing in the stocks of companies that have positive social functions. SRI provides a mechanism for investors to align personal values with investment objectives. Therefore the purpose of this study is to analyze individual MoreSocially responsible investment (SRI) means investing in the stocks of companies that have positive social functions. SRI provides a mechanism for investors to align personal values with investment objectives. Therefore the purpose of this study is to analyze individual investors’ intention towards socially responsible investment using the extended theory of reasoned action. The population of this study is individual investors of Tehran Stock Exchange and the sample size is 385 people. The conceptual model was tested using structural equation modeling and through Amos software version 24. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis have also been used to ensure the existence of the minimum requirements to test the conceptual model. According to the research findings, the variables of attitude, subjective norms, moral norms, environmental concerns, financial literacy and financial performance have a positive and significant effect on the dependent variable (investors' intention towards SRI). Financial performance and environmental concerns variables have the highest and lowest effects on the dependent variable, respectively. Of the six demographic variables (gender, age, education, monthly income, occupation, and experience), only the age variable affects the dependent variable. This means that with getting older, the investors' willingness to invest in socially responsible companies increases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - The Effect of Moral Reasoning, Exposure to Ethics and Perceived Ethical Climate on Auditors' Ethical Judgment
َAhmad Ahmadi Amin Rostami Saeedeh HeydarzadehThe purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of ethical reasoning, exposure to ethics, and the perceived ethical climate on auditors' ethical judgment. The statistical population of this research includes the partners of audit institutions that are members of the MoreThe purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of ethical reasoning, exposure to ethics, and the perceived ethical climate on auditors' ethical judgment. The statistical population of this research includes the partners of audit institutions that are members of the Certified Public Accountants Society (independent auditors working as partners), and to investigate the issue, 88 people were selected as a sample from among the members of the society using Cochran's formula. Structural equation modeling has been used to test the research hypotheses. The results of the hypothesis test showed that ethical reasoning, exposure to ethics, and the perceived ethical climate have a positive and significant effect on auditors' ethical judgment. Among the investigated factors, moral reasoning has the greatest impact, and the perceived moral atmosphere has the least effect on the ethical judgment of auditors. People can provide moral arguments according to their knowledge of moral principles and processes. On the other hand, the development of ethics as well as how to teach it can help auditors make ethical decisions when choosing different options. Also, the more ethically auditors perceive their organization's atmosphere, the more ethically they act in applying professional judgments. By examining ethical orientation as an imperative element of judgment and decision-making in the auditor's profession, this research can contribute to expanding the theoretical foundations of behavioral research in auditing as well as provide useful information for auditing policymakers to formulate auditing strategies based on. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Mobile learning in environmental impact assessment training using theory of reasoned action
Seyedeh Zahra Shamsi Seyed Mohammad shobeiriIncreasing concern in various environmental issues and the need to respond to global societies transformed the use of information and communication technology into academic and academic systems into an active curriculum and curriculum. But prior to its application, the MoreIncreasing concern in various environmental issues and the need to respond to global societies transformed the use of information and communication technology into academic and academic systems into an active curriculum and curriculum. But prior to its application, the factors that affect the acceptance and use of this phenomenon should be identified. This research studies the provision of environmental education through mobile technology with research methodology, descriptive type of research based on prediction. The statistical population includes 2422905 students in Tehran during the academic year 1394, selected by stratified cluster sampling with proportional assignment. Out of the schools of this region, the 9th grade students were randomly selected to sample 350 people. To collect data, this study was conducted on the adoption of mobile learning from the questionnaire developed by Cheon et al. Validity of the questionnaire was approved by experts and experts. For reliability evaluation, Cronbach's alpha was used, which was more than 0.7 for research variables, indicating the internal reliability of the questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS software and LISREL version 8.8. The findings of path analysis in the research of subjective norm, attitude and behavioral intention showed a significant role in students' desire to use mobile education technology in learning environmental education. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - The study of the Role of Type of Schools in Proportional Reasoning of Students
Abolfazl RafiepourThe main purpose of this paper is to study and compare students’ mathematical performance in different types of school (ordinary, private and special) in solving a non-routine math problem. There are about 836 participants, from southern part of Iran, including 29 MoreThe main purpose of this paper is to study and compare students’ mathematical performance in different types of school (ordinary, private and special) in solving a non-routine math problem. There are about 836 participants, from southern part of Iran, including 291 students from ordinary, 293 students from private, and 252 ones from special school. These students were asked to solve a none-routine mathematical problem. Then, the student’s strategies are categorized based on theoretical frame work, being disapproved and verified, in the literature realm. These categories are as: non-answered parts, only-public strategy, unreal answered, transformational strategy, beginning coordination strategy, and the senior one. After that, with using H Kruskal-Wallis test and U Mann-Whitney test, all data were analyzed. Results of the study also show that there is a significant relationship between the type of school and the student’s performance in that, performance of students in special school and private schools was better than performance of students in ordinary school(α=0.01). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Homeschooling; Apportunity or threat in Iran's education system?!
Bahare Soleimani Majid Aliasgari Ali Hosseinikhah Mohammad AttaranTThe purpose of this study was to investigate the concept of the homeschooling, its place inside and outside the country, and the aspect of the opportunity or threat thereof in Iran. To achieve this explanation, using a synthesis research methodology, a total of 127 stu MoreTThe purpose of this study was to investigate the concept of the homeschooling, its place inside and outside the country, and the aspect of the opportunity or threat thereof in Iran. To achieve this explanation, using a synthesis research methodology, a total of 127 studies were studied. Afterwards, 95 works including books, essays and theses were selected through systematic selection, content analysis and categorization. The criteria for selecting these studies were to study the above components for 1976-1976 for 60 external documents and 1991-2017 in 35 internal works. Then, a combination of findings was presented in accordance with the principles of integration, rethinking and re-mapping of data. At the end of each section, aggregate findings and general conclusions are presented as needed. The results showed that due to some educational factors such as lack of facilities, memory, lack of creativity, Axial book, etc., as well as value factors such as conflict of religious and social values, attention to the interests of children, the love of the homeschooling, and the use of This approach is an educational opportunity; it's over its threatening dimensions, such as lack of legalization, time consuming, lack of control tools, and so on. Considering the new educational approaches, breaking the monopoly of formal education and conducting applied research in this field, is presented as a suggestion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Sohrevardi and his Proceeding Intellects
محمّد بقائی ماکانComparative studies to identify minds and thinking bases are of prime position. Sohrevardi s beliefs emerges in the comparison. One of the achievements of Illumination philosophy is that it depicts lost identities and refrains from self-arousal. Out of those scholars de MoreComparative studies to identify minds and thinking bases are of prime position. Sohrevardi s beliefs emerges in the comparison. One of the achievements of Illumination philosophy is that it depicts lost identities and refrains from self-arousal. Out of those scholars devoted to Illumination Sheikh are Qotboddin Shirazi, Jalaleddin Davani, Mirdamad Asterabadi, followers of Azar Kyevan, Haj Molla Hadi Sabzevari, and others whose works if studied make the reader get closer to Sohrevardis beliefs. The same is true with comparing Sohrevardi with Hege. Niche, and other Western philosophers, showing the existing the existing similarities available. Just like the book titled Journey to East by Herman Hesse that is of great simillarity with Secret Treatises of Illumination Sheikh. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Islamic Theory of Spiritual Intelligence: Designing a Model of Spiritual Intelligence with an Islamic Approach as the Spiritual Capital of Managers
Behzad Hodhodi Bijan Abdullahi Hamidreza Arasteh Hassan Reza ZeinabadiSpiritual intelligence is the result of decades of studies in the field of religion psychology, which as an infrastructure of spiritual capital plays an important role in increasing the psychological capital, well-being and spiritual maturity of a person, the effectiven MoreSpiritual intelligence is the result of decades of studies in the field of religion psychology, which as an infrastructure of spiritual capital plays an important role in increasing the psychological capital, well-being and spiritual maturity of a person, the effectiveness of management and leadership. Considering the role of religious teachings in the formation of the concept of spiritual intelligence and its promotion in contemporary and creative research texts from the perspective of Islamic studies, the purpose of this study is to contrast the sources, inferences and symptoms of spiritual intelligence from Islamic sources and design a model of spiritual intelligence. It was from an Islamic point of view. The main question was whether spiritual intelligence was conceptualized directly or implicitly in the original texts, Islamic philosophical and mystical sources? And if yes, what are its components and indicators? To modify this pattern, the qualitative method of document analysis with two techniques of conceptual analysis and content analysis as well as independent processing through MAXQDA software was used. To ensure the validity of the research and its model, the completed method of quality studies of Lincoln and Guba included four criteria of reliability, validity and connectivity, personality verification and mobile transmission. The results showed that this concept is processed in Islamic texts in the form of a system of three categories of intellect, heart and wisdom and with words such as holy power, holy wisdom, esoteric intelligence, faithful foresight, the highest level of intelligence, wisdom, intuition and also with glasses. The term spiritual intelligence has been designed and studied and spiritual intelligence has been introduced under the titles of "Ulwal Bab" and "Oli Al-Absar". The five components and indicators extracted from Islamic texts and sources are: searching for meaning and purpose (with indicators of questioning and critical thinking of existence, discovering and creating meaning and purpose in life and work), changing understanding (with indicators of virtue) Cognition group, the effect of transcendence on methods, levels and sources of cognition); Use of relevant ads (with indicators of God-awareness, transcendent self-awareness, verse perception of existence, discernment of good and evil); Spirituality (with the index of inner spiritual life) and Wisdom (with the index of living wise). Manuscript profile -
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30 - License Plate location Determination by Using Case-Based Reasoning
yaser ebadzadeh Ahmad Habibi Zad Navin -
Open Access Article
31 - Examining the relationship between self-regulated learning and thinking styles with the homework purposes of the students
ali rezaei sharif ali khaleghkhah homeyra ahmadi mamakaniThe present study attempted to investigate the relationship between self-regulated learning, thinking styles and the homework purposes of students. Sample of 347 students (175 boys and 172 girls) were selected from the high school of Ardabil city by the stratified sampl MoreThe present study attempted to investigate the relationship between self-regulated learning, thinking styles and the homework purposes of students. Sample of 347 students (175 boys and 172 girls) were selected from the high school of Ardabil city by the stratified sampling method. The results were collected from the self-regulated learning strategies questionnaire (Pintrich& De Groot, 1990), thinking styles Inventory (Sternberg & Wagner, 1992) and HPS (Xu, 2010). The results showed that there was a positive relationship and significant between self-regulated learning and homework purpose understanding of students and self-regulated learning showed itself a stronger predictor for learning-oriented reasons homework purposes. The results of the Pearson correlation coefficient showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between three types of thinking styles and learning-oriented reasons. Also, enter multiple regression analysis showed that executive thinking style is a stronger predictor for understanding of homework purpose understanding of students. The results of the present research revealed not only the importance of adoption of learning-oriented reasons of homework purposes by the students, but also the importance of their adoption of executive thinking style in the educational system. Manuscript profile -
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32 - The lengthening reasons of Amir Abbas Hoveyda's prime ministery
esfandiyar ahanjidehAfter murdering Hassanali Mansour in Bahman 1343, Amir Abbas Hoveyda- an intimate lover of Mansour- was chosen as prime minister by Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. At that time, the majority of politicians believed that the king is planning to benefit from Hoveyda as solvent and MoreAfter murdering Hassanali Mansour in Bahman 1343, Amir Abbas Hoveyda- an intimate lover of Mansour- was chosen as prime minister by Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. At that time, the majority of politicians believed that the king is planning to benefit from Hoveyda as solvent and to choose a successor in the proper opportunity. But Hoveyda used so many tricks to remain in this position and could gain the longest record of prime minister in parliamentary period. Hoveyda was prime minister from 1343/11/7 to 1356/7/15, about 12.5 years. The reasons for this long permanace were as follows: obeying royal orders, hiring in Savak at the biegining of its arrival to Iran, America¢s agreement for the state of prime minister, deceitful pretention for people¢s seduction and to live plainly. For this kind of living, Hoveyda was driving his Peykan, attracting intellectuals and authors and being in relationship with them and being advocate of university students. He used to wear tie with Orchid flower to his collar, and a pipe under his lip and carried walking stick with himself and had a smile on his lip. These behaviours should be a pattern for all Iranians and any group should discuss about these matters, for example Leila,his ex-wife, sent Orchid flower for him from Paris and so on…… Manuscript profile -
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33 - Comprehension of factual, nonfactual, and counterfactual conditionals by Iranian EFL learners
Fatemeh Moeini -
Open Access Article
34 - Improving Agent Performance for Multi-Resource Negotiation Using Learning Automata and Case-Based Reasoning
Monireh Haghighatjoo Behrooz Masoumi Mohamad Reza Meybodi -
Open Access Article
35 - Examining Application of Complicated Capital Budgeting Techniques in the Petrochemical Industry
Beit Allah Akbari Moghadam Maryam Khalili Araghi Morvarid Rajabi MoghadamDaily increasing complexity and specialization of financial management’s tasks in companies as well as great significant of capital expenditure in the companies’ success or lack of success have led to the emergence of methods and techniques of capital budgeting. Complic MoreDaily increasing complexity and specialization of financial management’s tasks in companies as well as great significant of capital expenditure in the companies’ success or lack of success have led to the emergence of methods and techniques of capital budgeting. Complicated capital budgeting is accompanied with several devices and various methods (such as Monte Carlo Simulation, certainty equivalents, Game Theory Decision Principles, and Real Choice Reasoning). Recent literature shows that complicated capital budgeting methods cannot supplant traditional capital budgeting methods and they, indeed, are a kind of the latter one. Capital budgeting methods and their various devices (complicated and traditional) may supplement each other or provide further information with regard to how investment theorems are solved. The current study is aimed at examining application of complicated capital budgeting techniques in the petrochemical industry. It is notable that novel financial techniques and even traditional ones are mostly applied in the petrochemical industry and that the largest and most complicated projects are presently executed in this field. Eventually, study findings imply an increase in peculiar uncertainty is not accompanied with application of complicated capital budgeting methods (including certainty equivalents, Game Theory Decision Principles, and Real Choice Reasoning Technique), while in the case of Monte Carlo Technique, an increase in peculiar uncertainty results from complicated capital budgeting methods (i.e. Monte Carlo Technique) being used. It can also be discussed that financial uncertainty (profit uncertainty, inflation uncertainty, and inflation rate uncertainty) is regarded as a factor affecting the application of complicated capital budgeting methods; amongst these three factors, inflation rate uncertainty acts the main role of influencing complicated capital budgeting methods. Manuscript profile -
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36 - The Principle Of Gain Of Proof At Iran and England's Criminal Procedure.
mohammad amin farid ali amirzadeh khyiabaniAmong the reasons that are documented for guilt proof in Iran and England, are legitimately-gained reasons. Both justice systems avoid illegitimately-gained reasons and regard documenting to those reasons in justice system as lacking legal basis. So, reasons gained on t MoreAmong the reasons that are documented for guilt proof in Iran and England, are legitimately-gained reasons. Both justice systems avoid illegitimately-gained reasons and regard documenting to those reasons in justice system as lacking legal basis. So, reasons gained on the basis of scientific and intellectual principles are among the reasons trusted in the two justice systems. Moreover, these reasons are considered as reasons that, with regard to their gaining process , less speculation is observed in them. On the other hand, in Iranian justice system, judge can judge according to strong evidence. Although judge ̓s knowledge in Iranian justice system is regarded as proving reasons, in private law it is not regarded as proving reasons. Unless it is placed in standard evidences and circumstantial evidences. However, this knowledge can be considered as one of the legitimate reasons. The writer in this paper wants to analyze the legitimation of proof gain in two legal systems, express present challenges in globalization process of criminal law and to confirm fair judgment. Manuscript profile -
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37 - Examining the place of analogy in Islamic law Imam Khomeini
mahmood haghbejaneb ahmadreza tavakoli mohamadali heidari1004/5000In this research, two main approaches to legitimizing the use of analogy in deducing and extracting Islamic law are among the following: one who believes that analogy leads to the formulation of laws and rules that are not like the Qur'an or other writings; the More1004/5000In this research, two main approaches to legitimizing the use of analogy in deducing and extracting Islamic law are among the following: one who believes that analogy leads to the formulation of laws and rules that are not like the Qur'an or other writings; the group Another is the Imam, who has a different approach to the public, and considers the use of analogy to design new Islamic laws inadequate and incorrect and has replaced other methods. However, in this research, it became clear that the Shi'ites were also used in many cases, and they are used as analogy to the rule of man, the precedence and parity analysis of domains and criteria. There are many examples in Iran's current law in which analogies have been used to derive laws. In this way, it can be seen that, contrary to the theoretical differences, there is a great deal of similarity in the extraction of laws by the analogy between the two groups of the public and the Imamiyah. This research is a vindication of the studies and views that have already been rejected by the Shi'a in their use of analogies, and they disagree with the fundamental analogy for the inference of Islamic law and laws. Manuscript profile -
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38 - Investigating Intellectual Principles and Opinions of Imam Khomeini on Molazemeh rule and application of intellectual reason
Hossein Samadyar Asghar Arabian Seyyed Abul-Ghasem NaghibiAccording to advances and widespread changes in various aspects of human life and the need to deduce the religious law in new issues, the need for intellectual reason is felt more than ever. To study the Intellectual Principles and Opinions of Imam Khomeini on Molazemeh MoreAccording to advances and widespread changes in various aspects of human life and the need to deduce the religious law in new issues, the need for intellectual reason is felt more than ever. To study the Intellectual Principles and Opinions of Imam Khomeini on Molazemeh rule and application intellectual reason, investigation of reasoning jurisprudential and principled texts, votes and fatawas was done based on the content analysis method. The result of the research indicates this issue. About intellectual reason from viewpoint Imam Khomeini, he considered "intellect" as a source for the inference of rulings; hence he defined the realm between the ruling of intellect and the ruling of Shari’ah. He also considered intellect as an instrument for understanding the the Ketab and the Sunnah. The jurisprudential opinions of Imam Khomeini in some matters clearly indicate the position of intellect in the inference of religious rules in his view. For example, the documentation of the necessity of the establishment of an Islamic state is due to intellectual reason and the preliminaries and intellectual reasoning. Manuscript profile -
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39 - Analyzing the Judicial Reasons of Opponents of Women's Political Velayat in Shiite Jurisprudence
mohammad etratdoust seyyed mohammad vazirifardPolitical participation of women in society has recently been more considered. Therefore, and because of some juridical doubts about the women's political Velayat(super authority), juridical analysis of this issue seems to be important. Hence in this paper, possibility MorePolitical participation of women in society has recently been more considered. Therefore, and because of some juridical doubts about the women's political Velayat(super authority), juridical analysis of this issue seems to be important. Hence in this paper, possibility and permit's range of women's political Velayat by study the Quran and Hadith and jurists and commentators' dictum is surveyed. By the result of the study it became clear that we can't lean decisively on the Quran's Verses to forbid women's political Velayat Though – in case of being permitted- some of them could be used as evidence. But according to the famous Prophetic Hadith, A book Hadijeh's one and consensus of scholars of Shiah and Sunnis in prohibiting general Velayat for women, we can adjudicate banning political Vilayat for the ruler of Muslim Ummah in general and supreme leader (Valiye Faqih) for women. But we can't adjudicate so for lower levels and in the Velayat such as of the president and members of parliament and ministers and other Managers. Manuscript profile -
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40 - Unanimity and its Role in Deducting Criminal Precepts
adel sarikhani esmaeil aqghababaei saeed atarzadehDespite the Sunnites, jurists of Shiite have considered unanimity a reason due to its power of decoding the innocents saying, and therefore have counted it as a factor of tradition along with the Book and Wisdom as the ways of reaching true religious rules. The matter c MoreDespite the Sunnites, jurists of Shiite have considered unanimity a reason due to its power of decoding the innocents saying, and therefore have counted it as a factor of tradition along with the Book and Wisdom as the ways of reaching true religious rules. The matter can decrease unanimity’s status - if ever being accepted- to a single narrator tradition and therefore can cause the invoking of such a reasoning to be confronted with some challenges, knowing for sure that the case of blood and soul are to be dealt with plenty of caution. It is tried in this article to introduce and discuss the issues based on unanimity though the criticism of invoking unanimity in deducting criminal precepts. Manuscript profile -
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41 - An Study on the Role of Reason in the Era of Traditionalism
rasol mazaheri mary mirahmadiRegarding the evolution of Islamic Rational Interpretation (Osûl) through out the history, reason as the principal issue of this science had some serious challenges. One may ask what is the situation of reason in the procedure leading to jurisprudential opinions. This MoreRegarding the evolution of Islamic Rational Interpretation (Osûl) through out the history, reason as the principal issue of this science had some serious challenges. One may ask what is the situation of reason in the procedure leading to jurisprudential opinions. This is an ancient question on which from the primary centuries of the genesis of Islamic theology and jurisprudence there were several discussions. Some Islamic sects seek the roots of their differences in the different applications of reason. However, the contrast of two major approaches in this issue may be found in sciences such as interpretation, theology, jurisprudence and Osûl. In the determination of the position of rationality, three following approaches may be detected: 1. reason is the foundation of Shariat.2. reason is the key to Shariat.3. reason is the illustration and light of Shariat. In this essay, we tried to study this approach with a historical perspective on the situation of rationality in the era of traditionalism Manuscript profile -
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42 - Analogy in the Jurisprudence of World Trade Organization: Its Applicability & Inclusion
Heidar Piri wrya hafidiDespite some differences, analogy accepted as one of the flexible and practical method in inference of religious laws among most Islamic schools and its origin goes back to the origin of jurisprudence itself. Analogy is not limited to Islamic jurisprudential-legal syste MoreDespite some differences, analogy accepted as one of the flexible and practical method in inference of religious laws among most Islamic schools and its origin goes back to the origin of jurisprudence itself. Analogy is not limited to Islamic jurisprudential-legal system and has been recognized in other legal systems, including the international law system. Analogical reasoning has been used repeatedly in the World Trade Organization Dispute Settlement Body (the DSB Panels and the Appellate Body) on different occasions. Although the DSB Panels and the Appellate body has been silent, in most cases, about resorting to analogy; it could be argued that analogy plays an important role in the reports of the Panels and the Appellate body, as a means of filling gaps, eliminating the ambiguity and brevity in the WTO agreements, as well as identifying the sources of international law.This paper analyzes the role of analogy in the judicial procedure and agreements of the WTO. The practice of the WTO clearly shows that in determining the meaning of the provisions of treaties, the scope of a right or obligation, clarifying the content of the rules and its effective role in the interpretation process, the Panels and the appellate body resort to analogical reasoning as a rational solution or a criterion. In addition, by analogy, the WTO legal system typically ensures the coherence and predictability of the Panels and the Appellate body reports,which are vital for any judicial mechanism and reinforce an understanding of the legality and fairness of the system Manuscript profile -
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43 - Jurisprudential review of the legitimacy of "tax on empty houses"
Akram Abdollah Pour mohammad javad valizadehExamining the jurisprudential reasons for "vacant house tax" is an important step in the conclusion and implementation of the tax law on empty houses, as is the purpose of this analytical and descriptive research, which is a library-type method of collecting information MoreExamining the jurisprudential reasons for "vacant house tax" is an important step in the conclusion and implementation of the tax law on empty houses, as is the purpose of this analytical and descriptive research, which is a library-type method of collecting information. On the other hand, despite the importance of this issue, the entry of jurisprudence researchers in this field even after the Islamic revolution and the formation of the Islamic government was very weak and weak, and therefore this research is completely new and innovative. The findings of the research indicate that the juridical legitimacy of the "vacant house tax" can be proven with three reasons: a) the approval opinion of the ruler of Sharia (with legal approval and the approval of the jurists of the Guardian Council). b) With the reason of "reason" through examining the aspects of the issue in terms of real advantages and disadvantages. c) The rules of "harmless" and "harmless", by proving the loss and harm of the absence of tax on an empty house. Generalities and principles such as "be faithful to the contracts", "Muslim fulfills his condition" and "principle of correctness of action" are unable to prove the jurisprudential legitimacy of "empty house tax". As the arguments of the opponents under the heading 1- conflict with the rule of subordination and property rights of individuals 2- conflict with the rule of the need to protect the economic and social order and prevent system disruption, are weak and they do not have the power to contradict the supporting reasons. Manuscript profile -
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44 - A Reflection on the Challenges of Martyrdom in Iranian Judicial System
Abbasali Daroei Hasan Eskandari hossein eskandariAlthough the legislature, by deleting Article 1309 of the Civil Code, has limited the probative power of testimony, and for this reason, today any claim can be proved by testimony, but testimony in terms of validity of the result, due to the weakness of different powers MoreAlthough the legislature, by deleting Article 1309 of the Civil Code, has limited the probative power of testimony, and for this reason, today any claim can be proved by testimony, but testimony in terms of validity of the result, due to the weakness of different powers in understanding events, including power of sight, hearing and memory and the effects of external factors on testimony such as bribery, threats, media, etc. are questionable and also face obstacles in terms of qualifying; conditions such as justice, faith, etc., which are very difficult to prove. That is the reason why the legislator in Article 241 of the Code of Civil Procedure has provided the courts with the recognition of the value and effects of testimony so that even when the conditions of testimony and testimony are apparently combined, it can not affect it in the ways stated. What emerges in this article is an examination of the same obstacles, problems, and challenges that testimony faces. Manuscript profile -
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45 - Investigating gender change in criminal jurisprudence (case study of chapters on Hudud, Qisas and Diat)
Mohammad Bagher Mohammadi Laeeni Mojtaba HosseinnezhadUndoubtedly, the issue of gender change is one of the common and problematic issues in today's society. This research examines this emerging phenomenon in jurisprudence and criminal law. Due to the existence of many assumptions, the only ruling on the issue of gender ch MoreUndoubtedly, the issue of gender change is one of the common and problematic issues in today's society. This research examines this emerging phenomenon in jurisprudence and criminal law. Due to the existence of many assumptions, the only ruling on the issue of gender change before the crime occurs is examined in the chapters of Hudud, Qisas and Dayat. After examining and examining the evidence, it can be said: Although the application is necessary to follow the rulings in accordance with the state after gender change, but due to the doubt in concluding the matter in the state after gender change, it is not correct to adhere to the application. Also, although it may be necessary for a reason such as rational basis, to consider the state after gender change, but in the chapters of Hudud and Qisas, the specific rules of these chapters such as the rule of caution in temperature, the basis of Hudud on discounts and the rule of Dara due to the importance of the chapter of Hudud and Its retribution and seriousness, as well as the special sensitivity of the Shariah to these chapters, especially when they lead to blood, govern the foundation of rationality, and because of narrowing, it narrows the subject of reason, such as the foundation of rationality, to definite cases in these chapters, and accordingly The requirement of these special rules is the implementation of the least punishment in this matter. This government is in accordance with the taste of Sharia in these chapters. In the matter of diet, considering the non-flow of the above three rules, it is necessary to consider the condition after the change of gender and, accordingly, infer the verdict based on that condition. In case of insisting on not accepting the rational basis, the basic rule is the process of assihab, according to which the state before gender change (primary creation) is assihab and the ruling is deduced based on it. In all of these cases, it is not possible to insist on the signs and correctness of carrying as signs of truth and understanding of the meaning, because there is a flaw in their meaning. Manuscript profile -
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46 - Evaluating the Evidence to Prove the Case with regard to Validating the Conscience of the Judge in Issuing a Verdict
Rahman ValizadehPersuasion of the conscience of the judge is explicitly stipulated in Article 374 of the Code of Criminal Procedure adopted in 1392 , although its validity is not explicitly mentoned in the Quran and hadiths. But from the content of some verses including verse 58 MorePersuasion of the conscience of the judge is explicitly stipulated in Article 374 of the Code of Criminal Procedure adopted in 1392 , although its validity is not explicitly mentoned in the Quran and hadiths. But from the content of some verses including verse 58 of Surah An-Nisa, if you rule between the people and rule with strict justice. Also , Islamic narrations can be drawn upon for the sake of con vincing conscience. If we seek to diccover the truth in the judiciary and to establish judicial justice in accordance, and not just settling the hostility, the judge himself will be allowed to use the two basic principles of free achieving of reason and evaluating the reason and do the necessary investigation on the basis of the evidence presented during the trial, and in case of conviction especially in the criminal case which is related to the lives, honor and dignity of the people, if he comes to in ternal conscience, he can issue a verdict. Manuscript profile -
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47 - Comparative Study of Critical Thinking Skills of Ph. D. Students in Different Fields of Islamic Azad University, Tabriz branch
Kobra Namvaran Germi Sadegh Maleki Avarsin Elmira Khan GaldiCritical thinking, as one of the types of human thinking, is necessary for people at higher education levels. Past studies have reported the extent of critical thinking of students of different university levels low. This research aimed to compare the critical thinking MoreCritical thinking, as one of the types of human thinking, is necessary for people at higher education levels. Past studies have reported the extent of critical thinking of students of different university levels low. This research aimed to compare the critical thinking of Ph.D. students in different fields. The research method was causal-comparative. The statistical population was 1210 Ph.D. students in different fields at Tabriz Islamic Azad University. The sample size was estimated 212 people by Cochran's method. The sampling method was multi-stage cluster sampling. Data were collected through form B of the California Critical Thinking Skills Test and were analyzed using t-mean comparison and analysis of variance tests. Based on the findings, the mean score of critical thinking of Ph.D. students in the Tabriz branch is 18.81± 5.36. The critical thinking score was highest in the humanities faculty, 19.81±5.54, and it was lowest in the technical-engineering faculty, 17.04±5.19. The mean score of critical thinking in the Agriculture Faculty was lower than the Humanities faculty and higher than the Technical Faculty, 18.25±5.36. There was no significant difference between students of different fields in critical thinking, inference, and induction. However, there was a significant difference in analysis, evaluation, and induction components. Although younger students had more powerful analyses power and older students had more powerful inference power, there were no significant differences between the age groups of students in critical thinking. There were significant differences between men’s and women’s critical thinking, analysis, evaluation, and deduction skills. Women’s critical thinking, analysis, evaluation, and deduction skills were better than men’s. It is better to organize workshops on critical thinking skills for students (with priority for technical-engineering faculty) and ways to strengthen it for university professors. Manuscript profile -
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48 - Role of Fuzzy Sets on Artificial Intelligence Methods: A literature Review
Cengiz Kahraman Sezi Onar Basar Oztaysi Selcuk CebiMachines can model and improve the human minds capabilities through artificial intelligence. One of the most popular tools of artificial intelligence is fuzzy sets, which can capture and model the vagueness and impreciseness in human thoughts. This paper, first of all, MoreMachines can model and improve the human minds capabilities through artificial intelligence. One of the most popular tools of artificial intelligence is fuzzy sets, which can capture and model the vagueness and impreciseness in human thoughts. This paper, first of all, introduces the recent extensions of ordinary fuzzy sets and then presents a literature review on the integration of fuzzy sets with other artificial intelligence techniques such as automated reasoning, autonomous agents, multi-agent systems, machine learning, case-based reasoning, deep learning, information reasoning, information representation, natural language processing, symbolic reasoning, and neural networks. Graphical illustrations of literature review results are presented for each of these integrated artificial intelligence techniques. The results of a patent search on fuzzy artificial intelligence are also given. Manuscript profile -
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49 - On the Inferential Zigzag and Its Activation Towards Clarifying What It Is Commonsense Reasoning
Marco Elio Tabacchi Settimo Termini Enric TrillasThis paper has a twofold goal: The first is to study how the inferential zigzag can be activated, even computationally, trying to analyse what kind of reasoning consists of, where its ’mechanism’ is rooted, how it can be activated since without all this it can just seem MoreThis paper has a twofold goal: The first is to study how the inferential zigzag can be activated, even computationally, trying to analyse what kind of reasoning consists of, where its ’mechanism’ is rooted, how it can be activated since without all this it can just seem a metaphysical idea. The second, not so deeply different - as it can be presumed at a first view - but complementary, is to explore the subject’s link with the old thought on conjectures of the 15th Century Theologist and Philosopher Nicolaus Cusanus who was the first thinker consciously and extensively using conjectures. Manuscript profile -
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50 - Explanation of the institutional-managerial reasons for the formation of informal settlements in Iran
منیژه لاله پور پوران کرباسی فروش هوشنگ سرورIn the increasing current development of cities, organizations and institutions, some encountered problems and complexities are the resultsof the increase of failures in the area of urban management. One of the problems added to the lots of problems of urban management MoreIn the increasing current development of cities, organizations and institutions, some encountered problems and complexities are the resultsof the increase of failures in the area of urban management. One of the problems added to the lots of problems of urban management and has become worse and considering the current trend of globalization of the world has been regarded as the crisis is the issue of informal settlements. This study aims is to explain the influencing institutional-administrative reasons in the formation of informal settlements and finally to provide fundamental solutions in order to improve them. The method of research is a scientific-survey one. The data collected from written documents and references has been descriptively organized considering the subject and essence of this research. The regional management and programming system in Iran with the total direct and indirect effect (0.622) is ranked 1, in local management (0.515) is in the rank of 2, in the defined terms and conditions in the plans of urban development (0.384) in the rank of 3, in the programs and regulations monitoring the constructions in the legal area and privacy of cities (0.309) in the rank of 4, in the social, economic and bioenvironmental macro policy making (0.261)in the rank of 5, in the plans and policies of housing of low-income earners (0.179)in the rank of 6, in the regulations governing the process of separation and segmentation of the land in Iran (0.168)in rank 7, in the organizations of civil society and privacy section (0.158) in the rank of 8 and in the weakness of urban culture (0.114) is in the rank of 9. Manuscript profile -
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51 - Pathology of the Method of Examination of Reasons in Criminal Courts
mahdi pourreza farhad allahverdi mohammad nabipourReceive Date: 2023/04/20 Revise Date: 2023/05/01   MoreReceive Date: 2023/04/20 Revise Date: 2023/05/01 Accept Date: 2023/05/07 Article 166 of the Constitution: ‘the verdicts of courts should be documented and substantiated to the legal provisions and principles that according to that judgment is issued. The obligation of a judge to justify his decision is one of the crucial elements in accessing to justice and fairness. On one hand, the reasoned decisions enable higher authorities to effectively oversee the criminal judgments and on the other hand they contribute to increasing a sense of justice among addressees. Author in this article with aim of critical and pathological examination about method of dealing with reasons in criminal courts by means of using analytical descriptive method resulted that in order to achieve a fair trial, it is essential to pay attention to the reasons and issuing documented and reasoned decisions which prevents judicial tyranny and informs the litigants about the reasons for acception or rejection of their claims and evidence. Furthermore, the attainment of a fair trial necessitates the presence of expert and trained judges who can assess evidences based on their knowledge and expertise, leading to the issuance of reasoned decisions based on the legal evidences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - The General Theory of Excessively Absolute Usury in Exchanges
vahid zarei sharifThe criminalization of usury is one of the most important jurisprudential tools in maintaining the economic balance of society and protecting and controlling the market. The review of the written literature of Imamiyyah jurisprudence reports the strong disagreement of I MoreThe criminalization of usury is one of the most important jurisprudential tools in maintaining the economic balance of society and protecting and controlling the market. The review of the written literature of Imamiyyah jurisprudence reports the strong disagreement of Imamiyyah jurists in determining the criteria of usury, and considering the reliance of Iran's criminal laws on the texts of Imamiyyah jurisprudence, this difference plays a significant and effective role on the criminalization of usury in Iran's criminal policy. , has The famous Imami jurists, citing a number of hadiths, including weak hadiths, consensus of evidence, and the allocation of most of the Qur'anic generalities regarding riba, consider the unity of gender and weight or the weight of change to be the criterion of usury. Some jurists, by adding a numerical criterion to the mentioned criteria, have practically reduced the importance of prohibiting usury. Political expediency, the prescription of usury in the form of banking laws, and scattered judicial procedure can be counted among the effects of accepting the mentioned point of view. The present article, by examining the basis of Imami jurists' opinions, proves and concludes that the traditions quoted by the famous, according to the custom of the time of their issuance, are based on ancient exchanges and are unique and can be generalized to any time. and does not have the place; However, the generality of the verses of the Qur'an indicates usury in any condition of added economic value of the exchange in all exchanges, both loans and transactions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Factors Affecting the Success of Mobile Learning Implementation Using the Theory of Reasoned Action
Hosein Molaei Aliabadi Shahram Mehravar Giglou Abasalt Khorasani Korosh Fathi VagargahThe goal of this study was to evaluate the factors affecting the success of mobile learning implementation in the employees of the Shazand Petrochemical Company by using the theory of reasoned action. The research method was practical with respect to purpose, and descri MoreThe goal of this study was to evaluate the factors affecting the success of mobile learning implementation in the employees of the Shazand Petrochemical Company by using the theory of reasoned action. The research method was practical with respect to purpose, and descriptive-correlational in terms of collecting the data. The statistical population in this study was all the employees of the Shazand Petrochemical Company and the size of the population in the year 2014 was a total of 1700 persons. Using simple random sampling, 313 persons were chosen as the sample. To collect the data, a researcher-made questionnaire was used, which reliability was 0.88. Also, the Pearson’s correlation coefficient test and the multiple regression were used to test the research questions. Due to the results obtained from the willingness to learn, behavioral control, knowledge, mindset, and intention of learning in the employees of the Shazand Petrochemical Company revealed that there was a very positive and congruent mindset about this type of learning among the company’s employees. Also, the willingness to learn, behavioral control, knowledge, and mindset predict the intention of mobile-based learning among the Shazand Petrochemical Company employees. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - INTEGRATING CASE-BASED REASONING, KNOWLEDGE-BASED APPROACH AND TSP ALGORITHM FOR MINIMUM TOUR FINDING
حسین عرفانی -
Open Access Article
55 - Analysis of the Influence of Islamic Azad University Jahrom Arranged between Students in the Development of Idea modern
علی شکور علی شمس الدینی سهیلا شهیمSince that promote the culture and values of transcendental essential component of a modern - building in the country is to achieve comprehensive development so the role of universities in promoting these values is very important. The recognition of different social cla MoreSince that promote the culture and values of transcendental essential component of a modern - building in the country is to achieve comprehensive development so the role of universities in promoting these values is very important. The recognition of different social classes who entered the University of and is the role of affect on students and graduates from basic prerequisite for the development of human resources among communities. This study relied on descriptive analytical and extensive operations and field survey effort in the development of Islamic Azad University jahrom branch, arranged between students and measured values into modern. All undergraduate students studying in the population will consist that they have selected a sample of 120 people. Results showed positive effects with a significant level of 0/05 in the university education, the tendency toward value-oriented reasoning, individualism, egalitarianism, and advancement of the tendency among students to be. Well educated in modern values such as humanism and charm of a small effect on the promotion of the students did not have deter. So the ideals and values of the society and the family confirmed that most can be due to the institutionalization of these principles in the minds of most of the other students that only by setting the value of university are promoted, accepted and accepting students are located. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - A comparative study of reason and religion from the perspective of Farabi and Kant
محسن فهیم احترام کاظمی سمیه عظیمیThe Subject of raised the issue of the relationship between reason and religion has always been a major issue among Muslim theologians and philosophers etc., and are Muslim. Among Islamic thinkers and philosophers Abu Nasr Farabi has a significant role in this regard. B MoreThe Subject of raised the issue of the relationship between reason and religion has always been a major issue among Muslim theologians and philosophers etc., and are Muslim. Among Islamic thinkers and philosophers Abu Nasr Farabi has a significant role in this regard. Because after Muslims with Greek rationalism and resume the argument that perhaps this phenomenon alien product, the Farabi who believed in harmony between reason and faith, opens a new chapter on Islamic philosophy. Bobby that way for the next great philosophers such as Avicenna, Nasir al-Din Tusi, and Mulla Sadra paved. West also among thinkers and philosophers Kant, a milestone in the relationship between reason and religion. This research is based on descriptive, analytical study of the views of these two philosophers and implementation of the differences between them in terms of reason and religion has And the difference between theoretical and practical reason and wisdom about their relationship with religion, the difference in the wisdom of God, the difference is in the way of happiness, and so on. Farabi is an important issue in philosophy of mind, so that the source of knowledge in reason and faith, grace the active intellect angel of revelation, Gabriel (as) knows and accordingly believes that reason and religion are essentially one. In case of full unity between reason and religion rejects Kant believes that through theoretical reason to issues such as God, the immortality of the soul and the world can not be reached. So for minor issues such as prophecy, grave, resurrection and angels do not go. On the way to happiness, happiness Farabi's intellectual identify general and theoretical reason lays in the end, while Kant attempts to justify rationally sees no reason to get to act in a way as if God exists. The belief in God, the God of Kant's intellectual and moral Farabi God believes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Knowledge from Ayn-al-Qużāt Hamedānī's Point of View
مرتضی شجاری According to Ayn-al-Quzāt Hamedānī (1098–1131), the Islamic mystic, God emanates knowledge to the heart of the mystic. But the "acquired knowledge", like physics, mathematics and theology is necessary for this divine knowledge. He explains that the relatio More According to Ayn-al-Quzāt Hamedānī (1098–1131), the Islamic mystic, God emanates knowledge to the heart of the mystic. But the "acquired knowledge", like physics, mathematics and theology is necessary for this divine knowledge. He explains that the relationship between reason and meta-reason is like the relationship between the body and the soul. As the body without the soul begins to decline, the reason of non-mystics without the meta-reason, the divine knowledge, corrupts. Ayn-al-Quzāt distinguishs between the heart and the soul and believes that the heart is Divine Throne, and the man who knows his heart, knows the Lord. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Obtaining a criminal reason by relying on illegitimate actions
smaiil ghamari اکبر وروایی masood ghasemiAccording to the Code of Criminal Procedure and the principles of the Constitution, resorting to illegitimate and illegal actions in obtaining criminal evidence is prohibited, and any action taken in this regard without relying on the relevant laws is not audible due to MoreAccording to the Code of Criminal Procedure and the principles of the Constitution, resorting to illegitimate and illegal actions in obtaining criminal evidence is prohibited, and any action taken in this regard without relying on the relevant laws is not audible due to lack of evidence. It is possible for a person to take local and illegal measures to trap people in committing a crime. In fact, he encourages, incites, entices, etc. in accordance with Article 126 AH. M.A. should be prosecuted as a deputy of the crime. The whole process of criminal proceedings from the beginning to the end should be done according to the explicit text of the law and the law of the final chapter of any lawsuit There is no doubt that honorable judges who rely on their conscience will never generalize the reasons obtained through illegitimacy by resorting to unusual and illegal methods in the study of criminal reason. Give. The purpose of this article is to determine the practical and efficient criteria in ensuring a "fair trial" in the field of criminal procedure and the guidance and guidance of the legislator in preparing and compiling the reason for proof in criminal matters as the most important chapter of the criminal procedure chapters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Investigating the theory of reference of basic self-evidents to intuitive knowledge of Mulla Sadra's views
meysam azizian mosleh jahangir masoodi seyed morteza hoseini shahrudiThe theory of the reference of conceptual knowledge to the intuitive knowledge is rooted in the views of philosophers such as Mulla Sadra and has been developed in the works of later thinkers such as Mesbah Yazdi. The purpose of this article is to explain the epistemolo MoreThe theory of the reference of conceptual knowledge to the intuitive knowledge is rooted in the views of philosophers such as Mulla Sadra and has been developed in the works of later thinkers such as Mesbah Yazdi. The purpose of this article is to explain the epistemological part of this view based on the Mulla Sadra’s works. This will be done by designing four questions and answering them. These four questions have focused on the four basic characteristics of basic self-evidents and their origins (three of these four characteristics) in the context of the presence sciences. The first feature is the realization of basic self-evidents, the second feature is their totality, the third one is the necessity of the first theorems, and the fourth characteristic is the basis of these cases. We must find the roots of these four features in the context of the intuitive knowledge, which is a personal reality and apparently lacking in necessity. So that what we say is not the kind of argument and inference, otherwise we do not observe the fourth characteristic (basic axiomatic) of the basic self-evidents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Social reason and its function from the perspective of Allameh Tabatabai
tayebe sanchooli nejad Mohammad AkvanIn this article, with the analytical approach of Allameh Tabatabai's theories, the issue of social reason and its function is dealt with. Present reason in it so that this approach takes Allameh's social principles out of extreme and secular relativism. While rereading MoreIn this article, with the analytical approach of Allameh Tabatabai's theories, the issue of social reason and its function is dealt with. Present reason in it so that this approach takes Allameh's social principles out of extreme and secular relativism. While rereading the theory of employment and credit in the form of an ontological theory, we will extract its layers on the necessity of justice and social laws. Slowly Collective life from the point of view of Allameh has been subordinate and not by nature but due to urgency. Allameh considers the validity of society as related to the validity of justice because balanced life is the justice that is validated. Achieving justice and its permanence requires the support of religion. Introduces the guarantor of justice.. Achieving justice and its permanence requires the support of religion. Introduces the guarantor of justice.. Achieving justice and its permanence requires the support of religion. Introduces the guarantor of justice. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - The same explanation of reason and law from Ibn Rushd's point of view by referring to the fasl almaqal
Seyyed Bagher Miabdollahi Seyyed yahya YasrebiIn the Islamic tradition, since it is impossible to promise the absolute superiority of reason over revelation, some considered reason to be merely a servant of religion, and some believed in the harmony of reason and revelation and non-conflict. Ibn Rushd's explanation MoreIn the Islamic tradition, since it is impossible to promise the absolute superiority of reason over revelation, some considered reason to be merely a servant of religion, and some believed in the harmony of reason and revelation and non-conflict. Ibn Rushd's explanation in the treatise "Fima al-Maqal Fima bin al-Hikma wa Shari'ah min al-Utsal" is based on the premise that Shari'a is right and that which leads to better knowledge is obligatory, and while rational reflection is obligatory Shari'ah, then its product (philosophy) It is also right, and since right does not contradict right, then there is harmony between sharia and reason. In order to resolve possible conflicts, he also raises the issue of "interpretation" and suggests that we should allow religious propositions that are in apparent conflict with reason. In his view, the Shari'a, due to the differences in the talents of the people, has an appearance and an interior, and the inner understanding of the Qur'an owes to the rules that only a philosopher can use to interpret the Sharia. In this article, with reference to the above-mentioned treatise, first the evolution of the concept of intellect and its divisions is stated in order to reveal the meaning of philosophical intellect which Ibn Rushd seeks to prove its similarity with Sharia. Then, by stating the types of possible conflicts between reason and sharia and mentioning Ibn Rushd's answers, we come to the conclusion that while explaining the non-conflict between reason and revelation, he has also defended philosophy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Teaching of thinking as a writing, on the basis of Derrida’s critique on Foucault’s reading of the relation between reason and madness in Descartes' "Cogito"
Bahman KarimzadehThe concept of thinking is one of the important issues in epistemology that philosophers and epistemologists have expressed different views on the nature of thinking and how relates to the reason. In this paper, we reconstruct the concept of thinking from Derrida's poin MoreThe concept of thinking is one of the important issues in epistemology that philosophers and epistemologists have expressed different views on the nature of thinking and how relates to the reason. In this paper, we reconstruct the concept of thinking from Derrida's point of view through his critique on Foucault's reading of Descartes' "Cogito" and how relates to education. According to Foucault, Descartes excludes madness from thought, while Derrida believes that in Cogito, madness is only one case of thought (within thought). In Derrida's reading, Cogito is a zero point in which reason and madness are intertwined. While Foucault interprets Descartes as saying; I think, therefore I'm not mad, Derrida understands him as saying; Whether I am mad or not, Cogito, sum. Derrida, on the other hand, acknowledges that thinking is a kind of writing. Thinking; or the writing itself is possible only due to the absences and impossible situations, and rationality is possible only due to the irrationality, that is, madness. Derrida's writing is also made possible by a double connection with the teacher, Foucault's teaching; the teacher first of all, educates the students by providing the appropriate knowledge and way of thinking, and then the students challenge the teacher to think for themselves and create their unique voice. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Position and function of reflective judgment in Kan’s hilosophy
Mohammad Akvan Esmaeil TajikKant differentiates between reflective and constitutive judgment explaining them in two teleological and aesthetic spheres. The judgment, in general, is a faculty which considers particular objects beneath universal law. If the niversal law has been given as priori, the MoreKant differentiates between reflective and constitutive judgment explaining them in two teleological and aesthetic spheres. The judgment, in general, is a faculty which considers particular objects beneath universal law. If the niversal law has been given as priori, the judgment will be constitutive. If particulars are given and its universal law must be found, the judgment will be reflective. He tries to explain that as the faculty of understanding has its own priori principles, he also endeavors to figure out the priori principles for the judgment. The priori principle of reflective judgment is the intrinsic purpose of the nature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - The geometry of Fakhr Al-Din Razi’s Religious Knowledge
Ebrahim Nouri Morteza Erfani Mahmood SeydiFakhr Al-Din Razi in his early scientific life has supported hardly the role of reason in the religious studies, but later he has limited his idea on applying of reason in theology and considered the transmitted sciences and intuition the most effective in religious und MoreFakhr Al-Din Razi in his early scientific life has supported hardly the role of reason in the religious studies, but later he has limited his idea on applying of reason in theology and considered the transmitted sciences and intuition the most effective in religious understanding. Moreover, according to his opinion, proof, Quran and Mysticism and on the other words, faithfulness and Wisdom can be integrated. He has also admitted that the transmitted sciences and intuition are the best way to understand the religious issues. Accordingly, rational understanding of the religion is necessary and one of the most important functions of reason is to elucidate religious beliefs and resolve the oppositions and contradictions in the religious claims. Razi has only admired and praised reason and wisdom for this function. This research, by descriptive-analytic method and critical approach is going to draw the geometry of Razi’s religious knowledge, studying his point of view about the position of each side of the geometric shape and how they affecting each other. Finally, it concludes that his geometry of religious knowledge is like a triangle that its sides are including: Quran, Mysticism and proof. The reason has the primary and basic role to achieve the Quranic and mystical transcendental knowledge which never can be left. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Evaluation of Rational Perception in Ghazali’sPerspective
Seyyed Bagher MirabdallahiThis paper addresses to validate the mental perceptions and Ghazali’s levels of understanding, dealing with the departure point starting from his well- known attack against philosophers. The main question in this paper is that how much is the validity of philosoph MoreThis paper addresses to validate the mental perceptions and Ghazali’s levels of understanding, dealing with the departure point starting from his well- known attack against philosophers. The main question in this paper is that how much is the validity of philosophical reason when it is going beyond its own epistemological realm, trying to explain the religious concepts by its own method? Ghazali believes that the philosophical reason is not sufficient. For it is beyond the reason ability, therefore, the reason must be illuminated by the revelation to understand such issues. Accordingly, the reason is not an independent source of knowledge, if it wants to speak about the religious propositions; it will go beyond its own limitation. He begins with the certain science denying the philosophical reason determining the limitation of reason, explaining the problems of philosophers, theologians and sufis by delivering the criteria of episteme. Finally, he concludes the philosophical knowledge is not the instrument which can help us to understand the scriptures and it is not related to it, because the reason beyond its limitation will engage in contradiction and skepticism and cannot show the reality as such is. Therefore, the religion must be independent. As a result, this paper criticizes the methodical incoherency that can be found in the meaning of reason has been depicted in his works. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Mohammed Arkoun and using post structuralism in critic of Islamic intellect
Hameh Aliakbarzadeh Mostafa SoltaniMohammed Arkoun is one of foremost scholars in the Muslim World. His efforts to liberate Islamic history from dogmatic constructs have led him to a radical interpretation of traditional history. He is looking for a new approach to Islamic thought .Critique of Islamic Re MoreMohammed Arkoun is one of foremost scholars in the Muslim World. His efforts to liberate Islamic history from dogmatic constructs have led him to a radical interpretation of traditional history. He is looking for a new approach to Islamic thought .Critique of Islamic Reason is Arkoun project He criticizes the Salafiism (fundamentalism), Orientalist and philological approaches. He has applied post-structuralist method and has been influenced by the modern French philosophers such as Jacques Derrida and Michel Foucault. Arkoun has opposed dogmatism and Mythical – orthodoxy attitude in Islam by using archaeology and deconstruction. At this paper, we have explained and analyzed that how Arkoun has applied post structuralism in critique of Islamic intellect. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - What is Kant’s Transcendental Philosophy and its scope
Habiballah Kazemkhani Masoud Omid Jalal PeykaniThe term “transcendental philosophy” is one of the most important and deep terms which Kant used to describe his philosophy. The present article, by adopting a descriptive-analytical method, has tried to examine and analyze this term, apart from its fa MoreThe term “transcendental philosophy” is one of the most important and deep terms which Kant used to describe his philosophy. The present article, by adopting a descriptive-analytical method, has tried to examine and analyze this term, apart from its fame and generality, and in this way, it identifies the content and its scope. when we examine and analyze Kant's definitions and descriptions of transcendental philosophy and we look at its main elements as well as the continuity between those elements, it follows that, firstly, the transcendental philosophy contains essential critic of pure reason in both its theoretical and practical aspects. That is, transcendental philosophy, contrary to what seems at first look, simultaneously refers to pure knowledge or theoretical philosophy such as Epistemology, metaphysics and ... as well as practical knowledge or practical philosophy such as religion, morals, law and so on. secondly, the reason why “transcendental philosophy” involves theoretical and practical realms, lies in a certain common basis between them, that is, a priori elements, especially synthetic a priori judgments. Thirdly, it embraces the formation of an architectonic system based on specific ideas and in accordance with the concepts and a priori principles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Investigation of the biomass changes of two species Bromus tomentellus and Festuca ovina (Case study: Alamout mountain rangelands-Ghazvin)
S. Rashvand حسن یگانهWithout knowing the characteristics and amount of forage plants in a rangeland during the grazing period, planning and management, and livestock grazing is not possible. So changes the production and consumption of important grasses was measured in the semi-steppe range MoreWithout knowing the characteristics and amount of forage plants in a rangeland during the grazing period, planning and management, and livestock grazing is not possible. So changes the production and consumption of important grasses was measured in the semi-steppe rangelands of Alamout mountain rangelands-Ghazvin. Every year the same number in the enclosure base and base outside the enclosure of the same species Bromus tomentellus Boiss. And Festuca ovina L. was chosen to investigate changes in production and consumption. In each month of the season forage production and consumption, 5 Base of each species harvested and transported to the laboratory separation in separate envelopes after air drying, dry weight difference inside and outside the enclosure, the calculation of forage produced and consumed at the site. Data from 1386 to 1389 (for four years), the combined analysis of variance was used in a completely randomized design. Analysis of variance results showed that the studied species the significant differences between years and months inventory is considered in terms of forage production and consumption of the species there. The consumption compared to the same species and time to peak strain it was also same between the months of operation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - The effect comparison between group discussion (problem based learning) and lecturing method on clinical reasoning in educating electrolyte and acid-base disorders' subject to pediatric ward's interns
Mahmud reza Khazaee Mahmud AriamaneshIntroductin: Problem-based learning has replaced traditional teaching in most universities around the world but still there are many challenges in replacing traditional methods by this new method of learning . Two methods of lecture and problem–based learni MoreIntroductin: Problem-based learning has replaced traditional teaching in most universities around the world but still there are many challenges in replacing traditional methods by this new method of learning . Two methods of lecture and problem–based learning (PBL) for teaching electrolyte and acid-base disorders’ subject to pediatric ward’s interns are compared in this study. Methods: forty one students of medical school of Mashhad Islamic Azad University at pediatric ward were divided into two groups randomly. Then electrolyte and acid-base disorders’ subject was taught to both groups during their three months ward. One group was taught through traditional method and the second group was taught through problem-based learning method in 6-7 member group parts. The headings of the lesson were the same for the two groups. Students were evaluated through the Script concordance test which is a standard test for measuring clinical reasoning . Demographic data of students was registered in special forms . Data was analyzed by SPSS software using independent T-test and paired T-test. Resaults: 41 Interns (21 in lecturing and 20 in PBL group ) mostly female (17 and 13 respectively ) were enrolled . mean age of students in each group were 25.4 ± 1.1 and 26.4 ± 2.4 respectively .There was no significant difference between two groups considering age , sex , year of interance and pre-internal test score. Although clinical reasoning scores were higher in PBL group but the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05), except men (p=0.017) and those students with higher pre-internal test scores (p=0.03) that achieved significantly higher clinical reasoning scores. Conclusion: Students are encouraged to reflect more. And avoid memorizing the material in PBL method,more over, this method motivates students to study more by encouraging them into more group interactions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - The comparative impact of reasoning gap tasks and opinion gap tasks on young EFL learners’ classroom engagement
Azadeh Khanzadeh Darabi Alireza Memari HanjaniThis study examined the differences between the effects of reasoning gap tasks and opinion gap tasks on young EFL learners’ classroom engagement. The participants comprised 63 Iranian young EFL learners within the age range of 9 to 12 years old. These 63 learners were s MoreThis study examined the differences between the effects of reasoning gap tasks and opinion gap tasks on young EFL learners’ classroom engagement. The participants comprised 63 Iranian young EFL learners within the age range of 9 to 12 years old. These 63 learners were selected out of an initial number of 100 male and female EFL learners at the intermediate level based on their performance on a Flyers test. The 63 selected participants were divided into two intact groups consisting of 31 learners in the opinion-gap task experimental group and 32 learners in the reasoning-gap experimental group. Then, an engagement checklist was used by two raters in the two groups as pretest. After that, for ten sessions each lasting for 90 minutes, in one of the groups, the researcher carried out opinion-gap tasks while reasoning gap tasks were implemented in another experimental group. Upon finishing the treatment, the two raters used exactly the same checklist and obtained the posttest engagement scores. The analysis of the data through the parametric test of paired sample t-test indicated that both task types significantly impacted young EFL learners’ classroom engagement. Besides, the results of Mann-Whitney U Test revealed that there was no significant difference between the effects of reasoning gap tasks and opinion gap tasks on young EFL learners’ classroom engagement. Based on the results, EFL teachers are recommended to use both task types to enhance EFL learners’ classroom engagement. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Investigating rationalism in theological religions; Focusing on the Ash'are religion
Yasir AlizadehReason and wisdom have an important place in religion and one of the key issues in the promotion and accurate, effective and deep understanding of religion is the recognition of religious deviations, irrationality and anti-rationalism in it. Since divine religions bene MoreReason and wisdom have an important place in religion and one of the key issues in the promotion and accurate, effective and deep understanding of religion is the recognition of religious deviations, irrationality and anti-rationalism in it. Since divine religions benefit from holy power and make everything related to it holy, it causes some people to pursue their non-religious goals in the name of religion and religiosity. This article tries to address the grounds of the formation of anti-rationalism with the conceptualization of religious deviations and rationalism and examine the results of religious deviations and rationalism in the Ash'ari school. The grounds for the formation of anti-rationalism have been created in some religious schools of thought, and it is believed that the decline of rationality in Islam has developed with the spread of Ash'ariism, and Ash'ari has become the cause of the backwardness of the Islamic world. The main goal of this article is to prevent the damage of irrationality in the society by removing distortions from the holy religion of Islam. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - Studying Professor Motahari's point of view regarding reason and faith, with a view on the theory of nature
mohsen hakemi Enshaallah RahmatiThe study of the relationship between reason and faith has always been desired by thinkers of different religions, and the type of reading about the relationship between reason and faith has led to the emergence of different intellectual worlds among the followers of mo MoreThe study of the relationship between reason and faith has always been desired by thinkers of different religions, and the type of reading about the relationship between reason and faith has led to the emergence of different intellectual worlds among the followers of monotheistic religions. In the monotheistic religion of Islam, different thinkers have addressed this important issue and it has extended from faithism to rationalism in the form of Ash'ari, Mu'tazila, Ahl al-Hadith, Akhbarites and Shi'ite systems of thought, and the mystical and philosophical reading and stratum of the ratio of reason and faith.Morteza Motahari as a stylish thinker in the Islamic world, emerging from the Islamic system of thought, although he did not deal with this issue independently, but his focus on defining and dividing and expressing the truth of faith and reason; and the application of these two valleys in the nature of religion; It can be a guide for researchers to explain the relationship between reason and faith.In Motahari's thought, the proof of the ability of reason to discover reality is derived from religious texts through reference to religious texts. He believes that not only faith is not an obstacle to reason, but reason dependent on religious faith helps a lot in understanding beliefs. Motahari is on the side of reason in the conflict between faith and reason. Also, according to Motahari's epistemological system in expressing the theory of nature, by proving and defending this theory, he considers faith as rational and reason as faith. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - Counteraction of Reason and love from Attar's point of view
shahin ojaghalizadehCounteraction between the eternal sensational sentiment, love and the creations' first spark, reason is the main concern of this article. The two are the most controversial issues during the history of mysticism in the Persian literature, and a subject for many research MoreCounteraction between the eternal sensational sentiment, love and the creations' first spark, reason is the main concern of this article. The two are the most controversial issues during the history of mysticism in the Persian literature, and a subject for many researches and criticisms. Searching to find the historical background of this counteraction in between the works of great mystics, in itself, requires an independent article. This article however attempts to investigate Attar's point of view as one of the pioneers of mystical poetry from the aspect of this counteraction. The attempt is also made to show that Attar's main preoccupation is love, his words centers around the pain of love and his mystical methodology pictures the journey of the mystic from the start of his pilgrimage to his final attainment as one through seven valleys. Love is a mirror which fully reveals the mystical culture of Attars' works. Although his style in his masnavi is teaching the mystical instructions, in his lyrics, one hears his passionate compositions. Reason is the sole guide of the initiate in the religious law, and he is worthy of servitude. Love is the initiate's guide towards divinity. In order to manifest the reflection of love in Attar's words and to explain his apprehensions regarding reason and its counteraction with love in his works, definitions of love and reason and their characteristics are given. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Moulana’s message to the world today and to the contemporary man
hosain gharibThe key difference between the world today and the past era could be sought in the quality of rationality and type of rationalism. Modern rationality with its potentials and capabilities has certain drawbacks which require extensive reconsiderations. Since Moulana MoreThe key difference between the world today and the past era could be sought in the quality of rationality and type of rationalism. Modern rationality with its potentials and capabilities has certain drawbacks which require extensive reconsiderations. Since Moulana has profound innovative and critical perspective about rationality, in this article inspired by his grand thoughts, debates over rationalism are attended to in order to clarify the shortcomings of this modern approach in the present world. The article seeks answers to two fundamental questions: What are the efficient ways of acquiring knowledge? What would be the likely outcome of such efficient rationalizations? In response to the first question, the main criteria for yielding the highest expected utility of the faculty of intellect such as learning and the interrelationship of reason and heart are each attended to and analyzed from different aspects. The answer to the second question involves finding the origin of the close association of knowledge and rationality with ability and strength. The latter are the main outcome of employing reason efficiently. Manuscript profile
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