A comparative study of reason and religion from the perspective of Farabi and Kant

Subject Areas : Social Science Quarterly

محسن فهیم ¹ , احترام کاظمی ² , سمیه عظیمی ³

1 - گروه الهیات، دانشکده حقوق، الهیات و معارف اسلامی، واحد نجف‌آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نجف‌آباد، ایران
2 - دانشجوی دکتری فلسفه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد خوراسگان
3 - کارشناس ارشدگروه الهیات، دانشکده حقوق، الهیات و معارف اسلامی، واحد نجف‌آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نجف‌آباد، ایران

Received: 2017-04-19 Accepted : 2017-04-19 Published : 2015-11-22

Keywords: reason, Religion, Kant, Farabi, theoretical reason, practical reason,

Abstract :

The Subject of raised the issue of the relationship between reason and religion has always been a major issue among Muslim theologians and philosophers etc., and are Muslim. Among Islamic thinkers and philosophers Abu Nasr Farabi has a significant role in this regard. Because after Muslims with Greek rationalism and resume the argument that perhaps this phenomenon alien product, the Farabi who believed in harmony between reason and faith, opens a new chapter on Islamic philosophy. Bobby that way for the next great philosophers such as Avicenna, Nasir al-Din Tusi, and Mulla Sadra paved. West also among thinkers and philosophers Kant, a milestone in the relationship between reason and religion. This research is based on descriptive, analytical study of the views of these two philosophers and implementation of the differences between them in terms of reason and religion has And the difference between theoretical and practical reason and wisdom about their relationship with religion, the difference in the wisdom of God, the difference is in the way of happiness, and so on. Farabi is an important issue in philosophy of mind, so that the source of knowledge in reason and faith, grace the active intellect angel of revelation, Gabriel (as) knows and accordingly believes that reason and religion are essentially one. In case of full unity between reason and religion rejects Kant believes that through theoretical reason to issues such as God, the immortality of the soul and the world can not be reached. So for minor issues such as prophecy, grave, resurrection and angels do not go. On the way to happiness, happiness Farabi's intellectual identify general and theoretical reason lays in the end, while Kant attempts to justify rationally sees no reason to get to act in a way as if God exists. The belief in God, the God of Kant's intellectual and moral Farabi God believes.