runoff

Open Access Article

1 - Prediction of runoff changes in Zarrineh river basin under climate change conditions via hydrological simulation
Maliheh Rahvareh Baharak Motamedvaziri Alireza Moghaddamnia Ali Moridi

10.30495/jrnr.2022.19241

It is necessary to study the behavior of the river under the effect of climate change, especially the runoff in the future periods. This study evaluated the effect of climate change on the runoff of Zarrineh river basin (the largest sub-basin of Lake Urmia) co More

It is necessary to study the behavior of the river under the effect of climate change, especially the runoff in the future periods. This study evaluated the effect of climate change on the runoff of Zarrineh river basin (the largest sub-basin of Lake Urmia) considering the General Circulation Model (GCM) under two Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios (2.6 and 8.5). For this purpose, temperature and precipitation changes in the future periods in Zarrineh river basin were studied using climate data of Had GEM2-ES model during the period 2025-2050. The Climate Change Toolkit (CCT) was used to downscale climate data. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) hydrological model was used to evaluate the impact of climate change on runoff the basin. Also, the SWAT model was calibrated and validated using monthly runoff. Then, downscaled results of the general circulation model interoduced to the SWAT model. And runoff changes at the outlet of the basin were simulated during 2025-2050. The results showed that the SWAT model has good performance in runoff simulation. The average results of the CCT model revealed that the maximum and minimum temperatures would increase in 2025-2050. The annual precipitation could increase 3.6% under RCP 2.6 and decrease 2.9% under RCP 8.5. The seasonal trends in the runoff showed a decreasing trend in winter, spring and summer while an increasing trend in autumn. Annual runoff under RCP 2.6 and RCP 8.5 has decreased 6.5% and 30% respectively. Which subsequently reduces the discharge of this river to Lake Urmia.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Rehabilitation of Aquatic Ecosystems Based on environmental water rights upstream of Water Reservoirs with Inlet Flow Prediction Approach (Case Study: Taleghan Dam Basin)
Zahra Nafariyeh Mahdi Sarai Tabrizi Hossein Babazadeh Hamid Kardan Moghaddam

10.30495/jrnr.2022.69887.10263

Limited water resources and increased water demand in recent decades have caused irreparable damage to the country's water resources. One of the important components in surface water optimization and management is long-term and short-term river flow forecasts. The aim o More

Limited water resources and increased water demand in recent decades have caused irreparable damage to the country's water resources. One of the important components in surface water optimization and management is long-term and short-term river flow forecasts. The aim of the present study is to compare the performance of two Bayesian BN network models with probabilistic approach and MLP neural network. Then selecting the best structural model for flow prediction is another goal of the present study. Monthly meteorological data including precipitation, monthly average temperature, evaporation and. Also, the volume of water transferred from five hydrometric stations entering the Taleghan Dam from 2006 to 2018 was introduced as input data to the models. and runoff to the dam was considered as predictable. Then, with the aim of estimating the best Prediction pattern structure, Input data with different layouts were introduced to the models. In the next step, using the hydrological method of Tennant, The environmental discharge was calculated And the probability of these discharges occurring in the registration data and seventeen patterns in the Easyfit software environment was calculated. Then comparing the selected pattern according to the probability of occurrence and the criteria of the index, Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient (NS), root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute prediction error (MAPE) was performed. The best model in BN model with 43.3% similarity and index criteria were estimated to be -3.98, 300, 17.3 and 0.06, respectively. MLP model with 80% similarity and index criteria were introduced as -10.3, 8266, 23.9 and 122.3 in the best model, respectively. As a result, both models performed well in runoff estimation, but comparing the environmental probabilities of the two models in the top five patterns, the BN model has an acceptable accuracy . The basin was also found to be at environmental risk. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - .Investigation of flood potential Darakeh watershed using rainfall- runoff using SCS
عزت الله قنواتی فریبا ندافیون

Abstract Locating flood event using traditional methods is very difficult and often leads to errors. SCS Soil Conservation Service America has developed a method for calculating runoff. According to the accuracy of SCS-CN method in this study the SCS-CN method is used. More

Abstract Locating flood event using traditional methods is very difficult and often leads to errors. SCS Soil Conservation Service America has developed a method for calculating runoff. According to the accuracy of SCS-CN method in this study the SCS-CN method is used. The purpose of research is estimate of a flood risk using SCS-CN method. In this way, according to land use and soil hydrologic groups and area slope, curve number or CN are obtain. CN the averaging of watershed was shown 87 number. Using climatological stations, average of rainfall was 304 mm. The results show that in the southern part of the watershed due to the loss of vegetation, expansion of the city from the south, land use change and shape of the watershed to be taken, the probability of flooding is greater than the rest of the watershed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - The Role Drainage Plate Network, Channel and Ecological Reservoir in the Management of Urban Surface Runoff; Case Study: Town of Sajadieh Tehran
Saeid Amanpour Morteza Abiyat Mostefa Abiyat

Veneered surfaces, roofs of buildings, streets and the like in urban areas as a barrier against the infiltration of rainwater into the soil and groundwater recharge.They cause more of rainfall to surface runoff and floodsto be converted. Combined method influence, stora More

Veneered surfaces, roofs of buildings, streets and the like in urban areas as a barrier against the infiltration of rainwater into the soil and groundwater recharge.They cause more of rainfall to surface runoff and floodsto be converted. Combined method influence, storage and transmission of Atlantis, as the most urban runoff management approach, including implementation of a network of underground ducts, using Atlantis materials and execution of drainage layers on it and store water collected from the network. In this way, the possibility of penetration, transfer and storage provided and benefit levels increased urban streets as well as the transfer and accumulation of contamination is prevented. Town sajadieh located in the lower elevations of the highway and besat shahrzad and street in the south and west causes waterlogging town streets in the rain times. The present study has a descriptive, analytical approach and to investigate the role drainage plate networks, channel and ecological reservoir as the new approach in connection with control and management of surface runoff in town sajadieh Tehran. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Investigating effective parameters of surface flow and water resources spatial zoning in central Zagross, Iran
Nasser Shamskia Hossein Sedghi Mehrdad Esfandyari

Various parameters, such as rainfall, region height, evaporation rate, temperature, climate factors, drainage, topography and geology of the basin effect runoff in watersheds. Due to the interrelation of some of the mentioned parameters, their quality and effect on runo More

Various parameters, such as rainfall, region height, evaporation rate, temperature, climate factors, drainage, topography and geology of the basin effect runoff in watersheds. Due to the interrelation of some of the mentioned parameters, their quality and effect on runoff may be different for each region. This paper presents a statistic assessment of the parameters that are effective on runoff and spatial zoning of surface water resources in central Zagross, west of Iran. The results showed a relationship between logarithmic distribution of surface runoff, and temperature and height variables with a 0.795 - 0.851 R2 coefficient of determination, applying statistical analysis and multi-variable regression method for the parameters. Considering 80 selected stations of the studying area with a correlation of 0.923, the runoff distribution in the form of discharge logarithm related to rain logarithm and height variable with confidence level of 95% showed meaningful and acceptable relation .The zoning plan was prepared through ArcGIS software on the basis of weighting effect index of each variable. The analysis of factors which affect runoff formation, and also analysis of the effect of the mentioned variables on preparing zoning plan showed tremendous movement of potentially appropriate water resources regions from south towards north and east of the studying area. Furthermore, there was approximate correspondence between hydrological parameters and determination of suitable water resources location, and statistic multi-variable regression analysis, logistic and weighting index determination of variables methods. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Uncertainty assessment DWB model by using GLUE method (Case study: Andrabi and Farvbrman catchments)
Saeed Emamifar Kamran Davari Hussain Ansari Bijan Ghahraman Seyed Mahmoud Hosseini Mohsen Nasseri

The analysis uncertainty of hydrological models and identify the statistical properties them basis of existing relationships between of the model parameters and inputs is numerous of the most important hydrological modeling. In this context one of the known methods for More

The analysis uncertainty of hydrological models and identify the statistical properties them basis of existing relationships between of the model parameters and inputs is numerous of the most important hydrological modeling. In this context one of the known methods for modeling the water balance at the catchements scale is Dynamic water balance model (DWB) that By Zhang et al. (2008) developed. In this study, the model calibration and uncertainty assessment in the Andrab and Farvbrman catchments from the Kalshvr River branches (Nishapur catchment) respectively at the zarandand and Eyshabad hydrometery stations, located in semi-arid regions by using Generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation (GLUE) method was studied. The results indicated that in terms of the ability to identify, Between four parameters of the model, Retention efficacy parameter (ω_1) and basin water storage capacity (s_max [mm]) in the calibration process was less of the ability to identify (The specific domain ptimum for their can not be found) and uncertainty in the runoff simulated by the model, have a greater role. In this direction, the efficacy parameter evapotranspiration (ω_2) and the gradual flow (d), resistant behavior of the errors in the runoff observation and are so-called conservative. Evaluation of uncertainty runoff simulated showed that in general, GLUE method is well managed that it calibrate amount of runoff from case study, so that more of the runoff data recorded (over 55%) in the range of 95 percent. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Dependency of runoff characteristics on the plot scale in rainfed land under semi-arid rainfalls
علی رضا واعظی مژگان نوقان مجید فرومدی

Runoff is the major soil erosive factor which can be controlled to different factors such as hillslope length.Knowledge of the role of hillslope length in runoff can help in designing soil conservation practices particularlyin rainfed lands. This study was carried out t More

Runoff is the major soil erosive factor which can be controlled to different factors such as hillslope length.Knowledge of the role of hillslope length in runoff can help in designing soil conservation practices particularlyin rainfed lands. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of slope length on runoff in rainfed lands ofsemi-arid regions, north west of Iran. Twenty two plots with different lengths ranging from 1 to 22.1 m and withthe same width were installed on a 10% slope according to the Universal Soil Loss Equation model. Runoffcharacteristics (total runoff volume, runoff per area and runoff coefficient) were determined for a fourteen-monthperiod from March 2015 to Jun 2016. The results indicated that significant difference was found among the plotsin total runoff volume (P< 0.0001). Total runoff volume was significantly differed from 1-m plot to 8-m plotwhile in the higher plots (from 9-m to 22.1-m plots) there was no statistically difference among the plots(R2=0.97). In general, a significant relationship was found between total runoff and the plot length. Runoffcoefficient was largely differed in the rainfall event. There was no significant relationship between runoffcoefficient and rainfall intensity. Runoff per area increased from plot 1-m to plot 8-m and decreased gradually inthe larger plots. According to this result, plot 8-m can be considered as a proper plot for investigating runoff inthe rainfed lands. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Effects of individual and combined application of vermicompost and silica nano particles on soil infiltration
Seyedeh Saba Mousavifar Seyed Hamidreza Sadeghi Nader Bahramifar

The water infiltration into the soil is an effective factor on runoff generation and watershed situation. Althoughmany approaches have been therefore developed to improve infiltration process, but, less attention has been paidto use nano-paticels individually and in com More

The water infiltration into the soil is an effective factor on runoff generation and watershed situation. Althoughmany approaches have been therefore developed to improve infiltration process, but, less attention has been paidto use nano-paticels individually and in combination with organic amendment with the aim of improvement ofwater infiltration into the soil. The present research has been hence planned to assess the effect of organicvermicompost (V) amendment in 100 g m-2 and silica nanoparticles in 3 levels of 3, 7 and 10 g m-2 individuallyand in compound on infiltration of a sensitive soil to erosion from Marzanabad-Kandelus at small plots scaleunder experimental situation. The water infiltration measured under rainfall simulation with intensity of 50 mmh-1 and 50 min duration and different treatments and the statistical analysis was accordingly conducted. Theresults showed that all treatments except silica nanoparticles level three (NS3), increased the infiltration anddecreased runoff volume compared to the control treatment. The water infiltration into soil in the cases of (V),silica nanoparticles (level one) (NS1), silica nanoparticles (level two) (NS2), vermicompost and silicananoparticles (level one ) (VNS1), vermicompost and silica nanoparticles (level two) (VNS2), vermicompost andsilica nanoparticles (level three) (VNS3) increased by 24.79, 30.63 , 10.18, 14.05, 15.09 and 23.30 %,respectively and the (NS3) decreased by 0.24 %. The differences between performance of individually andcombined application of vermicompost and silica nanoparticles confirmed the necessity of the correct usage ofamendment in soil and water management. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - The effect of constructed structures on time of concentration (Case study: Izeh watershed)
Alireza Jamshidian Mohammad Heidarnejad مریم محمدزاده

Estimating the time of concentration is one of the most important concepts in physiographic and hydrologic studies in watersheds, and relatively correct estimation of it greatly influences calculation of hydrologic parameters, especially flood peak discharge. Constructi More

Estimating the time of concentration is one of the most important concepts in physiographic and hydrologic studies in watersheds, and relatively correct estimation of it greatly influences calculation of hydrologic parameters, especially flood peak discharge. Construction of check dams in watersheds leading to residential areas is one of the strategies for changing time of concentration and reducing channel slope, which are substantially effective in controlling floods and reducing flood peak discharge. This research intended to evaluate the effects of corrective structures on hydrologic behavior of watersheds based on flood index. In this study Changes in time of concentration and flood discharge were compared between 1384-1389 years from construction of corrective structures by studying the region, topographic conditions, and protective measures. The return period between 1.25 to 100 years was selected. The parameters of the numbers and heights of the check dams, hydrologic soil groups, channel slopes, time of concentration, regional hydrology, and area of each watershed parcel were studied for this comparison. Results indicated that construction of corrective structures increased time of concentration in I28, I13, I12, I10, I9, I8, I6, I4 parcels amount of 4,8.74,2.68,1.43,1.31,2.01, 0.51 and 11.78 respectively. The lowest percentage increase in the concentration of Parcel No. I13 with a 1 percent. The maximum time to focus on I28, with 11.78 percent. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Modelling monthly runoff by using data mining methods based on attribute selection algorithms
محمدتقی ستاری Ali Rezazadeh Joudi

Given the importance of catchment basin output flow for surface water management, precise understanding of the relationship between the amount of runoff and climatic parameters such as precipitation and temperature is important. therefore the identification of parameter More

Given the importance of catchment basin output flow for surface water management, precise understanding of the relationship between the amount of runoff and climatic parameters such as precipitation and temperature is important. therefore the identification of parameters are important in the modeling process.  In this paper, after homogeneity tests have been carried out for monthly precipitation, temperature, and runoff data in the Navroud Catchment Basin in Iran, two combinations of effective factors for runoff are considered according to Relief and Correlation algorithms. A new Relief Algorithm first identifies effective features within a set of data in an orderly manner especially when the amount of available data is low. The new method uses a data-related weight vector average and a threshold value. Applying support vector regression and the nearest neighbor method, monthly runoff was modeled based on the two proposed combinations. The results showed that support vector regression approach which utilizes a radial basis function kernel, yields higher accuracy and lower error than the nearest neighbor method for estimating runoff. The improvement is particularly noticeable for flooding situations. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Evaluating the Efficiency of Earth2Observe Re-Analysis Dataset and VIC-3L for Estimation of Runoff
Sakine Koohi Asghar Azizian Luca Brocca

The main objective of this study is to assess the performance of Earth2Observe's GHMs and LSMs reanalysis models in estimating runoff at the outlet of Sefidrood river basin (SRB). In addition, for better evaluating the efficiency of Earth2Observe uncalibrated models, th More

The main objective of this study is to assess the performance of Earth2Observe's GHMs and LSMs reanalysis models in estimating runoff at the outlet of Sefidrood river basin (SRB). In addition, for better evaluating the efficiency of Earth2Observe uncalibrated models, the VIC-3L land surface model is implemented over the SRB and calibrated using observed discharges. Results showed that, based on CC and NS statistics, the performance of SURFEX-TRIP model in both daily and monthly time scales is the best one and it led to the same results as well as VIC-3L calibrated model. The values of CC and NS statistics, at daily time scale, in the case of SURFEX-TRIP model are 0.75 and 0.55, respectively, while at the monthly time scale these values are 0.86 and 0.73, respectively. As an overall, findings indicate that LSMs performs better than GHMs in simulating runoff and this may be due to the ability of LSMs in considering both water and energy budgets and they can exchange energy and mass between land surface and atmosphere. Therefore it is highly recommended to use the results of reanalysis models as an appropriate guidance, particularly in the case of ungauged catchments. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Comparison and Assessment of Light Vehicles Damages Based on Stability Theories in Floodwater(Case Study: Shiraz Flood)
Reyhaneh Golmohammadi Alireza Shokoohi

10.30495/wsrcj.2022.20003

Introduction: Evaluation of damages caused by flash floods in urban areas is one of the most important concerns after their occurrence. Like other urban elements, vehicles suffer damage that should be considered for managing urban floods. The damage values in most car More

Introduction: Evaluation of damages caused by flash floods in urban areas is one of the most important concerns after their occurrence. Like other urban elements, vehicles suffer damage that should be considered for managing urban floods. The damage values in most car damage models in flood are presented with the assumption of their stability and purely in terms of depth, while the flood velocity as flood important variable is also effective on the severity of damages. In the present research, while evaluating the eight theories presented in the Australian Rainfall and Runoff Guideline (AR&R), an attempt is made to provide the best theory to provide a simple and accurate algorithm for determining the damage to sedan vehicles in flood as a function of depth and velocity.Methods: To achieve the goal of this research, the formulas and diagrams of the stability limit of eight theories presented in AR&R were evaluated and after deleting one of the theories and modifying the Melbourne Water presented in 1996 and DPW presented in 1986 formulas, the stability map of the sedan cars in Darwaze Quran flood on March 25, 2019 in Shiraz was produced for seven theories proposed in this guideline. Subsequently, by combining the stability limits of each theory with the HAZUS-MH depth-damage diagram and zoning below the stability limit diagram as stable areas, the risk map algorithm for stable sedan vehicles was provided separately for each theory. In the following, the risk map in the adjacent parking area of the water pool upstream of the Quran Gate of Shiraz for each theory and, with their help, the total damage for the Pride_131 was calculated as a common vehicle in Iran. Finally, the measures of maximum damage, as well as the total damages were obtained from each one.Results: One of the main and most important results of this research is providing an algorithm for determining the damage of the sedan vehicles in a certain range of depth and speed for each of the theories proposed in AR&R, which were used for producing the risk map. In addition, the total damages for the Pride-131 as an index car were calculated by the proposed algorithms. The minimum damage was obtained by using AR&R (1987) theory algorithm equal to 10 billion and 265 million toman and the maximum amount of damage was obtained by using achieved by using AR&R (2011) theory algorithm equal to 14 billion and 32 million toman.Conclusion: It was found that the use of the depth of flood as a hydrostatic index, which is now the criterion for calculating car damage, is not accurate enough and it is better to use velocity and depth composition as a hydrodynamic index for this purpose. At the same time, it was proved that among the other theories, the relation and the final limit of stability presented in the AR&R (2011) theory to provide a model for determining the damage to small and light vehicles in the flood as a function of depth and velocity has better and more reliable results. It is worth noting in order to achieve the more accurate damage amounts of vehicles in flood, more theoretical and experimental studies considering different types of vehicles are essential. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - Evaluation of the impact of climate change on extreme flows in Kan watershed
Baharak Motamedvaziri mehdi ahmadi Hasan Ahmadi Abolfazl Moeini Gholam Reza Zehtabian

Climate change is one of the major challenges affecting the natural ecosystems and various aspects of human life. The effects of global warming on the hydrology and water cycle in nature are very serious, and the quantitative recognition of these effects creates more re More

Climate change is one of the major challenges affecting the natural ecosystems and various aspects of human life. The effects of global warming on the hydrology and water cycle in nature are very serious, and the quantitative recognition of these effects creates more readiness to deal with its consequences. In the present study, the 2010-2100 periods is predicted based on SDSM and ASD. Finally, the effect of climate change on the hydrological conditions in the Kan watershed is simulated using the ANN and IHACRES. The results of the study, while confirming the efficiency of both SDSM and ASD models in climate simulations and ANN and IHACRES in hydrological simulation, showed that the increase in precipitation (2-27%) and temperature (0.3- 4/4 C) is probable in future climate conditions for the 2010-2100 periods. Runoff changes in the upcoming period (2010-2039) show an increase (5- 36 %) in the scenario of RCPs and a decrease (32- 41%) in scenario A2. The high flow value in the upcoming period is increased, and the low flow decrease. Most changes were observed in spring. The results of research, while highlighting the importance of effects of climate change, make it essential to apply them for proper management in order to adapt to climate change in the future policies of the Kan watershed management. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - Comparison of MIKE NAM and AWBM models performance in simulation of daily runoff in Gokbad Catchment in Hamedan province
Yasamin Sajadi Bami Jahangir Porhemmat Hossein Sedghi Navid Jalalkamali

Apart from the understanding of the impact of land use and climate changes on the water cycle and hydrology regime, hydrological models are effective tools for designing and managing water resources. Currently, many hydrological models have been developed to simulate th More

Apart from the understanding of the impact of land use and climate changes on the water cycle and hydrology regime, hydrological models are effective tools for designing and managing water resources. Currently, many hydrological models have been developed to simulate the basin, though choosing the right model is a challenge. To this end, a correct understanding of the model, its advantages, and limitations is necessary. In this regard, several studies have been conducted to evaluate the hydrological models performance in different regions and conditions. In the present study, the performance of two integrated hydrological and conceptual rainfall-runoff models of AWBM and MIKE NAM in the simulation of the average daily runoff in Gonbad Hamedan basin was investigated. Although both models are lumped models for rainfall-runoff process, the MIKE NAM model has a more complex structure compared to the AWBM. In addition to considering the initial conditions, MIKE NAM model is also capable of simulating snowmelt. The results of the runoff simulation during the calibration and validation periods were evaluated using two statistical indicators of the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) and percent bias (PBIAS). The NSE and PBIAS during the calibration and validation periods for the MIKE NAM model were 0.8, 6.3 and 0.71, -4.2; and 0.6, 14.33 and 0.55, -9.2 for AWBM model, respectively. The results showed that MIKE NAM model has a better performance in simulating daily runoff in Gonbad Moarref basin compared to the AWBM model. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - Rainfall-Runoff modeling using Deep Learning model (Case Study: Galikesh Watershed)
Razieh Tatar Khalil Ghorbani mehdi Meftah halghi meysam salarijazi

Artificial neural networks (ANN) are one of the data mining methods applied by many researchers in different fields of studies such as rainfall runoff modeling. To improve the performance of these networks, deep learning neural networks were developed to increase modeli More

Artificial neural networks (ANN) are one of the data mining methods applied by many researchers in different fields of studies such as rainfall runoff modeling. To improve the performance of these networks, deep learning neural networks were developed to increase modeling accuracy. This study evaluated deep learning networks to improve the performance of artificial neural networks in Galikesh watershed and to predict discharge for 1, 3, 6 and 12-month time scale based on 1 to 5 month time scale lags made in precipitation and temperature data. Based on 70% and 30% of the data used for training and test respectively the results demonstrated that in all time steps, the deep learning neural network improved the performance of artificial neural network and on average RMSE decreased in both training and test from 0.68 to 0.65 and 0.84 to 0.73 respectively. Moreover, R-square was increased on average from 0.57 to 0.62 and 0.51 to 0.67 respectively in training and test. We can also denote the effect of temperature on the increase of accuracy of rainfall-runoff modeling. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - Fluctuations Analysis of Rainfall and Runoff in Aras Border Basin under Climate Change Conditions
Amin Sadeqi Yagob Dinpashoh

In this study, rainfall and runoff data recorded of selected stations of Aras Boundary Basin were used to analyze rainfall and runoff fluctuations and they are projected for horizons, 2050. The Pettitt test was used to detect the breakpoint in rainfall and runoff time s More

In this study, rainfall and runoff data recorded of selected stations of Aras Boundary Basin were used to analyze rainfall and runoff fluctuations and they are projected for horizons, 2050. The Pettitt test was used to detect the breakpoint in rainfall and runoff time series. Trends in rainfall and runoff were also calculated using the original and modified Mann-Kendall test. To project the future, general circulation models (GCMs) under two greenhouse gas emission scenarios i.e. RCP4.5 (low emission) and RCP8.5 (high emissions) were used. The Eureqa Formulize tool was used to simulate the rainfall-runoff process. Results showed that most of the abrupt changes have occurred in the second half of the 1990s. 83% of seasonal time series breakpoints were related to runoff. Also, 67% of the abrupt changes have occurred in the winter and spring seasons. The highest increase in annual rainfall (according to RCP4.5 scenario) at Nir station is expected to be 9% and the highest decrease in annual rainfall (according to RCP8.5 scenario) at Khoy station is predicted at 11%. It is also worth mentioning that in the seasonal time scale will have the highest rainfall reduction in summer. The Eureqa Formulize performed very well at all stations with NRMSE of less than 0.5%. The results indicated that the lowest slope of the base period runoff trend line (in seasonal time scale) was -1.3 million m3 in summer at Badalan station. There will be no significant change in the annual flow in the future period. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - Assessment the effects of vegetation degradation on runoff changes and water pollution potential in the sub-watersheds of the Eastern Azerbaijan province
Ardavan Zarandian Majid Ramezani Mehrian

10.30495/wsrcj.2021.18547

Vegetation is an important factor affecting runoff, quantity and quality of water in a watershed. This study investigates the effects of vegetation reduction in the eastern watershed of Lake Urmia on two parameters of runoff and the potential for water pollution .The WW More

Vegetation is an important factor affecting runoff, quantity and quality of water in a watershed. This study investigates the effects of vegetation reduction in the eastern watershed of Lake Urmia on two parameters of runoff and the potential for water pollution .The WWPSS model was used to simultaneously assess the three parameters. Vegetation shows a fraction of the types of grass, tree and land without vegetation that were obtained from MODIS VCF satellite images. Runoff was calculated as accumulated water budget downstream. This model also provides an indicator to determine the potential level of water pollution. The results showed that rangeland cover decreased by an average of about 32%. Also, the average runoff production increased by 2.6, 3.16, 2.9 and 3.25 percent, respectively, in the existing conditions in 4 sub-basins of Aji Chai, Qaleh Chai, Marduq Chai and Sufi Chai compared to the situation before the reduction of vegetation coverage. According to the results, the difference in water pollution potential between the baseline and existing conditions in different parts of the watershed has fluctuated in the range between -9 to15% and an average of 0.6%. This change has increased the pollution load in some places and decreased it in others; but in general, it has led to incremental changes in water pollution potential with an average of about 2.5% in the total watershed. The method used can be used to quantify and map ecosystem water changes and its application in environmental assessment and management. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - Effect of Tillage Direction and Straw Mulch on Precipitation Use Efficiency in Wheat Rainfed Land in a Semi-Arid Region
Alireza Vaezi Samira Rezaeipour Mohammad Babaakbari Fereshteh Azarifam

Background and aim: Soil properties and management methods can affect plant growth and crop yield in agricultural areas. Rainfed agriculture is a dominant farming type in the world, which covers about 80% of the world's cultivated land and about 67 % of agricultural lan More

Background and aim: Soil properties and management methods can affect plant growth and crop yield in agricultural areas. Rainfed agriculture is a dominant farming type in the world, which covers about 80% of the world's cultivated land and about 67 % of agricultural lands in Iran. Most of rainfed lands are in slope areas and tilled along slope, an incorrect method which accelerates water erosion. Controlling soil erosion and storing precipitation water in soil is the first step to conserve soil and water resources and increasing crop yield in rainfed lands. The change of tillage direction from along slope to contour line and maintaining crop residues can affect water loss, Precipitation use efficiency (PUE) and crop yield in rainfed areas. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of tillage direction and wheat straw mulch on water loss, crop yield and precipitation used efficiency in a winter wheat rainfed land. Methods: The study was carried out in a rainfed lands with sandy loam soil under a slope of 10% in west of Zanjan, North West of Iran. field experiments were conducted at two tillage direction: along slope and contour line, and five wheat straw mulch application levels (control, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) with three replications. Precipitation data (height, duration and intensity) was taken from the Agricultural Meteorological Station located in the University of Zanjan, about 800 m from the study field. Winter wheat was cultivated at the plots early autumn and harvested early summer. Water loss from the plots was measured for each rainfall event resulting runoff at the plots during nine months growth period. Wheat grain yield was determined for each plot and accordingly precipitation use efficiency (PUE) in kg/ha.mm was computed based on wheat grain yield (kg/ha) per effective precipitation during growth period (mm). Soil properties and winter straw mulch characteristics were determined using the conventional methods in the lab and the variance analysis was used for determination of independent effect of tillage direction and straw mulch level and interactions between the two factors. Results: Eighty-two precipitation events were occurred in the area during a 9 months winter wheat growth period, which rainfalls included 88% from it. Most of rainfalls occurred in October that resulted most water loss at the plots. Water loss at the plots tilled contour line was 14% lower than the plots tilled along slope. However, water loss between the two tillage directions was no significant, whereas wheat grain yield as well as PUE were significantly affected by tillage direction. Straw mulch considerably affected on water loss, wheat grain yield and PUE. An obvious decrease was found in water loss with increasing in straw mulch level. The lowest water loss among different mulch levels was in 100% mulch level for the two tillage directions (63% for along slope tillage and 64% for contour line tillage). Significant interaction of the two factors was observed just for wheat grain yield. The highest wheat grain yield was in 75% mulch level which was about 27% (2.04 ton/ha) and 34% (2.45 ton/ha) bigger than control treatment, respectively. The highest PUE was also in 75% mulch level both in along slope tillage (7.2 kg/ha.mm) and contour line tillage (8.6 kg/ha.mm), which was 27% and 34% higher than control treatment, respectively. Conclusion: Results show the precipitation use efficiency (PUE) is an improper index for evaluation of the role of precipitation in crop production in wheat rainfed lands. This index can be affected by both tillage direction and wheat straw mulch application in rainfed lands. These two management methods are independent factors which affects strongly on the wheat grain yield and in consequence on the PUE. The change of tillage direction from along slope to contour line along and application of 75% mulch level (equal to 4.5 ton/ha) are proper strategies for conservation of soil and water and improving the utilization of precipitation in wheat rainfed lands. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

19 - Determining the Optimal Amount of Zeolite in Order to Control Runoff and Sedimentation of Burnt Soil under Laboratory Conditions
Leila Gholami Ataollah Kavian Nabiyeh Karimi

Background and Aim: Changes in soil moisture and aggregates stability both in the short term and in the long term after fire are important because of their important role in plant growth and nutrition and soil erosion. On the other hand, the conditioners usage in soil a More

Background and Aim: Changes in soil moisture and aggregates stability both in the short term and in the long term after fire are important because of their important role in plant growth and nutrition and soil erosion. On the other hand, the conditioners usage in soil and water conservation is necessary for the sustainable usage of water and soil resources. The soil and water conservation requires the determining the optimal amount of soil conditioners in order to prevent water pollution with the application of chemical fertilizers. Nevertheless, determining the optimal amount of various soil conditioners less has been note with the quantification aim of their effect on the runoff and soil loss components. The present study was conducted in order to determination of the optimal amount of zeolite in fire soil under laboratory conditions. Method: In the current research, zeolite additive with amounts of 250, 500 and 750 g m-2 was used in the collected soil from the rangeland. The preliminary results on the soil showed that the soil texture, organic matter, organic carbon and pH, EC were clay, 0.47 percent, 0.27 percent, 7.86, respectively. After preparing the soil and placing inside plots (with scale of 0.5 m2), fire treatment applied to the soil surface. For this purpose, the remains of air-dried rangeland species with amounts about 250 g m-2 were poured and then fire was applied. The plots were placed under rainfall simulator system for a rainfall intensity of 50 mm h-1. Then, the runoff and sediment samples were collected in control and conserved plots with zeolite in three replicates. The total volume of the runoff sample and its sediment concentration were take constant for 24 h and the excess water volume of the samples was drained and finally the samples were placed in an oven at a temperature of 105˚c for 24 h. Results: The statistical results indicated the zeolite conditioner with rates of 250, 50, and 750 g m-2 on the surface of fire soil had the significant effect on the increasing the time to runoff (in confidence level of 99 percent) and decreasing the runoff volume (in confidence level of 99 percent), soil loss (in confidence level of 99 percent) and sediment concentration (in confidence level of 99 percent). Also, the results showed that the conservation percentage of time to runoff in zeolite treatment with rates of 250, 500 and 750 g s-2 was 1.61, 17.30 and 20.04 percent, respectively. The changes percent of the runoff volume in the fire soil with the zeolite application with different amounts was 8.00, 10.66 and 22.66 percent, respectively. The results of soil loss indicated that the conservation percent of zeolite conditioner in fire soil after the zeolite application with the used amounts was 14.24, 32.03 and 38.33 percent, respectively. Finally, the changes percent of zeolite conditioner in the fire soil on sediment concentration were 21.13, 24.90 and 21.41 percent, respectively. Conclusion: The fire phenomenon in the control treatment caused the decreasing the soil porosity and the creation of the hydrophobic layer, which also decreased the infiltration amount of soil and also caused to drying of the soil, especially in the surface layer, and significantly increased the runoff and sediment transportation. The subgrouping results of the different zeolite treatments on the time to runoff showed that zeolite with the amount of 750 g m-2 was placed in the third subgroup, which it was selected as the optimal amount to increasing the time to runoff and reducing the runoff volume in the post-fire soil conditions. Also, the investigation of the conservation effect and grouping the different zeolite amounts showed that the zeolite with the amount of 250 and 500 g m-2 were the better for sediment concentration and soil loss, respectively, its same effect with other amounts and also its discussion of the economic efficiency. Therefore, they are suggested as optimal and practical values for changes study of sediment concentration and soil loss components. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

20 - Analysis and assessing effectability of runoff components from different levels of polyacrylamide
Zeinab Hazbavi Seyed Hamid Reza Sadeghi Habibollah Younesi

This study was performed to investigate the effect of Polyacrylamide (PAM) on pattern of variation of runoff components consist of the amount of runoff during rainfall, cumulative runoff, the runoff commencement and cessation time and runoff amount at different time ste More

This study was performed to investigate the effect of Polyacrylamide (PAM) on pattern of variation of runoff components consist of the amount of runoff during rainfall, cumulative runoff, the runoff commencement and cessation time and runoff amount at different time steps. The experiments were taken place in Soil Erosion and Rainfall Simulation Laboratory. In this study, three small cubic plots with dimensions of 0.5 m, total volume of 0.125 m3 and having 20% slope were used. The conducted experimental treatments were consisted of 0 (control), 0.4, 0.6, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 g PAM/m2. The results indicated that the PAM-treated plots had no significant reducing influence on runoff amounts (P=0.49). The reduction of runoff amount at different levels of PAM had also no specific trends. In addition, the maximum reduction in total runoff occurred in treatments 2, 6 and 1 g PAM/m2, respectively. The runoff commencement time was increased by increasing the amount of PAM to 2 g/m2 and runoff cessation time was decreased due to increasing amount of PAM level to 1 g m-2, respectively. The assessment of runoff amount in common time steps of different treatments also revealed that the different amount of PAMs had no significant effect (P > 0.12) on runoff control in all steps except the first and third time steps. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

21 - Effectability of runoff and sediment yield from soils induced by freezing and thawing cycle under simulated rainfall condition
Morteza Behzadfar Seyed Hamid Reza Sadeghi Mohamad Javad Khangani Zeinab Hazbavi

Many factors affect soil erosion and runoff generation. However, the role of some factors such as freeze-thaw (FT) processes has not been well considered yet. The present study therefore aimed to simulate and explain the effect of FT cycle on runoff generation and More

Many factors affect soil erosion and runoff generation. However, the role of some factors such as freeze-thaw (FT) processes has not been well considered yet. The present study therefore aimed to simulate and explain the effect of FT cycle on runoff generation and sediment yield under rainfall simulation condition. Towards this attempt, air and different soil depth temperatures were analyzed in natural condition and 10 cm soil depth was targeted for the soil laboratory experiments. A FT cycle with three and two days for freezing and thawing was taken place. The rainfall storm with 1.2 mm/min and 30 min duration was simulated and conducted for three treatments in soil erosion and rainfall simulation laboratory of Tarbiat Modares University. The results showed that the induced FT cycle soil had a distinct and significant behavior and different from that seen for the control plot. So that, the times of runoff generation in freezed and FT cycle treatments were 2.74 and 3.25 times less, respectively, compared to that reported for the control plots. The runoff volume and sediment yield were also respectively reported in turn of 1.46 and 1.16 and, 11.92 and 2.65 times more for freezed and FT cycle induced treatments compared to those recorded for control plots. Ice lenses and frost heaves plus creating situations close to soil saturation after FT cycle were the most effective factors in distinct behavior of soil induced by Freezingand FT cycle. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

22 - Effect of plot size on measured runoff and sediment yield from natural rain-storms
Farrokh Asadzadeh Manoochehr Gorji Alireza Vaezi Reza Sokouti Salman Mirzaee

Erosion Plots are widely used to evaluate the main factors affecting soil erosion. Therefore, understanding the effects of different variables such as spatial scale on their performance is needed. This study was carried out to assess the effect of plot scale on measured More

Erosion Plots are widely used to evaluate the main factors affecting soil erosion. Therefore, understanding the effects of different variables such as spatial scale on their performance is needed. This study was carried out to assess the effect of plot scale on measured runoff and sediment yield at event scale. To represent different spatial scales, plots with seven sizes differing in length (2, 5, 10, 15, 22.1, 25, and 30 m) and width (1, 1, 1.2, 1.6, 1.8, 2, and 2.4 m, respectively) were constructed in Poldasht region, west Azarbayjan province, northwest Iran. For each size of plots, specific runoff and sediment yield were separately measured for 11 runoff producing natural storms during the study period from September, 2010 to September, 2011. The results indicated that the unit area runoff and sediment yield decreases with power form relation as plot area or length increases. Statistical analysis of runoff and sediment yield data showed that, in most cases, there is a significant difference between the results of 10 m or shorter in length, plots and longer plots (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the results of 15 m and longer plots. Based on these results, plots with 10 to 15 m in length were able to produce comparable results with large plots. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

23 - Effect of wheat straw on changing time to runoff and runoff coefficient in laboratory plots under rainfall simulation
Ataollah Kavian Maziar Mohammadi Moghadaseh Fallah Leila Gholami

The runoff and soil erosion is most basic of environmental, agricultural and food production problems in the world, that these had adverse effects on the natural ecosystems and man-managed. One of the most important factors of runoff and soil erosion control is using or More

The runoff and soil erosion is most basic of environmental, agricultural and food production problems in the world, that these had adverse effects on the natural ecosystems and man-managed. One of the most important factors of runoff and soil erosion control is using organic and inorganic mulches, that they have most role in runoff and soil erosion control. Therefore in this study, for studying time to runoff and runoff coefficient changes used from an organic mulch (wheat straw mulch) in laboratory conditions. The experiments was done using rainfall simulation, in slope of 30% and plot scale of 0.5 m2 with 3 replications, with two cover percent of 50 and 90% and rainfall intensities of 50 and 100 mm h-1 for 10 min and then the time to runoff and runoff coefficient rates measured. The results showed that in rainfall intensities of 50 and 90 mm h-1, the conservation treatment could increase and decrease time to runoff and runoff coefficient, respectively and the cover of 90% had more effect in increasing time to runoff and decreasing runoff coefficient. The enhancement percent of time to runoff in rainfall intensities of 50 and 100 mm h-1 (cover of 90%) was 102.37 and 70.80%, respectively. The reduction percent of runoff coefficient in rainfall intensities of 50 and 100 mm h-1 (cover of 90%) also was 36.58 and 27.31%, respectively. The effect of conservation treatment and rainfall intensity variables evaluated significant expect in the effect of rainfall intensity × conservation treatment. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

24 - Modeling the Effects of Land Use Change on Surface Runoff in the Watershed of Khorramabad Using RS and GIS Integration Model and L- THIA
hadis rashidi Ali Haghizadeh Hossein zeinivand Naser Tahmasebipour

10.30495/jest.2021.23574.3273

Background and Objective: land use change, mainly socio-economic benefits to follow. However, these changes have negative effects on the natural environment. Due to the high volume of runoff from a lack of permeability in the city and Non-use of certain areas or any str More

Background and Objective: land use change, mainly socio-economic benefits to follow. However, these changes have negative effects on the natural environment. Due to the high volume of runoff from a lack of permeability in the city and Non-use of certain areas or any structure in addition to the problem of flooding in low-lying areas for water infiltration in several studies to develop models with simulation approach to land use changes have taken place. In this study, L-THIA model for estimating runoff from land use changes in the area of Khorramabad is used. The Model of L-THIA, a model to assess long-term effects land use change on water resources using simple and availability data Such as long-term climate data, land use map and soil map applicable.  Methods: This study was conducted in a period of 10 years and in the period of 2004-2014. Landsat images from the site the US Geological Survey has been downloaded and various corrections have been made. Land use maps were prepared and used using Landsat 7 satellite images of ETM sensors and Landsat 8 images of OLI sensors related to 2004 and 2014, respectively. Precipitation data are provided by the Regional Water Authority. After sorting, they are prepared for future analysis. By combining land use map and soil texture map in GIS software, the soil hydrological group is produced. Finally, the prepared maps are given to the L-THIA model and the effect of land use change on surface runoff is investigated.Findings: The results of modeling using L-THIA, increased annual runoff in ten years shows that this increased volume of runoff and the need for control over land use change in the region. User modifications to increase mainly in residential areas and loss of woodland and grassland.Discussion and Conclusion: As the results of this study show, the L-THIA model has a good ability to express the effect of land use change on the volume and depth of runoff. Also, using the results of the study, it is possible to prepare control programs for land use changes to prevent runoff in the area.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

25 - Evaluation of calibration characteristics of SWAT hydrological model in a mountainous watershed
Babak Aminnejad Seyedbamdad Ghafourian hosein ebrahimi

10.30495/jest.2023.64475.5575

Background and Objective: Accurate data about runoff in the future in a watershed facilitates managers' decisions in water-related decisions and helps conserve natural resources for sustainable development. The two factors of cost and exact time are directly related to More

Background and Objective: Accurate data about runoff in the future in a watershed facilitates managers' decisions in water-related decisions and helps conserve natural resources for sustainable development. The two factors of cost and exact time are directly related to accurate runoff estimation. Using computer models to simulate natural phenomena such as the hydrological cycle is one way to reduce costs and increase accuracy.Material and Methodology: The information for this research was obtained through the SWAT model website and global data. This study evaluates the accuracy of different calibration and validation methods in the hydrological simulation of Qarasu watershed, the SWAT (hydrological model) and a comparison between GLUE and PSO methods with the SUFI-2 method were used to calibrate the SWAT model. For simulation, 13 specific parameters were selected in all methods in the same situation. It should be noted that the data required for this research were collected from (SWAT model website) and (Water Resources Management Company).Findings: All three methods were able to simulate runoff with acceptable R2 and NSE results (above 0.7), and the sensitivity analysis showed that Sol_K, CH_N2 and CN2 were more sensitive than other parameters.Discussion and Conclusion: Although the SUFI-2, PSO, and GLUE algorithms can reduce the difference between the observed and simulated data, the performance of the SUFI-2 algorithm in runoff simulation is more accurate than other algorithms. Therefore, it is suggested to use this algorithm to predict runoff. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

26 - Evaluation of Urban Development Impacts on Runoff Using SWMM Model (Case Study: Qom Province)
marziyeh nasehpour Hossein Khozeymehnezhad Elham Forootan

10.22034/jest.2019.45067.4713

Background and Objective: In a natural watershed, most of the surface is impervious and covered with vegetation, so a large amount of precipitation is lost through plant interception, infiltration into soil and evapotranspiration. However, in an urban watershed due to u More

Background and Objective: In a natural watershed, most of the surface is impervious and covered with vegetation, so a large amount of precipitation is lost through plant interception, infiltration into soil and evapotranspiration. However, in an urban watershed due to urbanization, impervious surface of the watershed increases, which tends to increase the volume of runoff and peak discharge, the erosion of the bed and the edges in the downward of canals, and decrease in water level as well as degradation of water quality. The purpose of this research is to apply SWMM simulation for estimating runoff and runoff hydrograph and the effects of land cover changes and low impact development tools on hydrologic response of urban watersheds. Method: In this research, implementation of SWMM model in one of the urban areas of Qom was considered. The study area is 256 hectares in northwestern part of Qom. Findings: In this study, it was concluded that in sub watershed of 2 and 6, the increase of 70% and 40% in impervious surfaces resulted in 30% increase in runoff volume. Also, 10% increase in impervious area of upstream and downstream of watershed tends to 6/51% and 6/87% increase in peak discharge volume, respectively. The use of storage devices has also had a significant impact on reducing urban runoff. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of SWMM model in urban runoff estimation indicate that in order to properly manage runoff in arid areas, the status and location effects of land use on urban runoff rate as well as the use of rain storage tools in these areas should be considered.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

27 - Study on Heavy Metals Content (Fe, Pb and Cd) in Atmospheric Precipitation Collected from the High Traffic Intensity Regions of City of Hamedan
Bahare Baharmastian soheil Sobhanardakani saeed Jameh Bozorgi

10.22034/jest.2018.14308.2291

Background and Objective: Air pollution is one of the most important environmental problems which can lead to the human health effects especially in the metropolitans.  Atmospheric precipitation including rain and snow are the most effective way for removing pollut More

Background and Objective: Air pollution is one of the most important environmental problems which can lead to the human health effects especially in the metropolitans.  Atmospheric precipitation including rain and snow are the most effective way for removing pollutant from the atmosphere and its heavy metals can describe the variability of the environmental pollution in different urban areas. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the metal (Fe, Pb and Cd) concentrations in the atmospheric precipitation collected from high traffic intensity areas of city of Hamedan in 2014. Method: A total of 24 snow samples were collected from 8 selected stations located in different regions of city of Hamedan with high traffic intensity. The samples were stored in polyethylene bottles and were acidified at a pH lower than 2 by adding concentrated HNO3 in order to avoid metal adsorption onto the inner bottle walls. Element (Fe, Pb and Cd) concentrations were determined using ICP-OES. All statistical analyses were done by SPSS software. Findings: The results showed that the mean concentrations (µg/L) of Fe, Pb and Cd in snow samples were 69.5 ± 143, 10.2 ± 8.94 and 17.6 ± 0.290, respectively. Also, the mean concentrations of Cd were significantly higher than maximum permissible limits established by WHO. Conclusion: The results indicate that rainfall collected from the high traffic intensity regions of city of Hamedan is polluted with Cd due to the high traffic volumes and their emitted pollutions, therefore, for maintaining of surface and groundwater resources and also public health consider the suitable strategies is recommended. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

28 - Simulation of Rainfall-Runoff for Gharesou Watershed Using SWAT Model
Mohammadreza Goodarzi Bagher Zahabiyoun Alireza Massah Bavani

Background and Objective: Rainfall-runoff Simulation is very important in many hydrological studies, such as investigating the effects of climate change on river flow, flood prediction and planning of water resources. SWAT model was used to simulate stream flow transpor More

Background and Objective: Rainfall-runoff Simulation is very important in many hydrological studies, such as investigating the effects of climate change on river flow, flood prediction and planning of water resources. SWAT model was used to simulate stream flow transport, sediment and quality variables (nitrogen and phosphorus...) in the watershed areas. SWAT model is a distributed time series model with physical basis. This model has an ability to connect to GIS, in a way that vast volumes of data as information layers such as land use, soil map and the DEM using GIS capabilities are used by the model. The main purpose of this study is testing SWAT model performance as a simulator of flow at the catchment scale. Method: This study attempts to prepare a model for Gharesou catchment. Moreover, the parameters were optimized using SWAT-CUP optimizer. Findings: The model was calibrated for the years 1992-1996 and validated for the years 1998-2000. The coefficient of determination (R2) for monthly flow was equal to 0.82 and Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient (Ens) was equal to 0.8 in the calibration period while in the validation period these coefficients were 0.77 and 0.73, respectively. Conclusion: These results indicate the success of the SWAT model, using optimized parameters, for the stream flow simulation in Gharesou catchment. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

29 - Daily Stream Flow Simulation in a Data-Poor Basin
Mohammad Reza Khazaei Bagher Zahabiyoun Bahram Saghafian

Introduction: Rainfall-runoff modeling is one of the keystones of scientific hydrology andenvironmental management. Therefore the researchers continuously try to find new approaches forimprovement of existing models or modeling methodologies.Material and Methods: In thi More

Introduction: Rainfall-runoff modeling is one of the keystones of scientific hydrology andenvironmental management. Therefore the researchers continuously try to find new approaches forimprovement of existing models or modeling methodologies.Material and Methods: In this paper, daily stream flow at the outlet of a watershed in southwesternIran was simulated using a conceptual continuous rainfall-runoff model. In encountering with theproblem of poor quality data, required data such as runoff, rainfall and PET were prepared using aspecific approach.Results and Discussion: The results showed that the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency was 0.80 and thecoefficient of determination was 0.82 during calibration and the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency was 0.83and the coefficient of determination was 0.83 during validation. Furthermore statistics of observedstream flow were preserved in simulated stream flow. The results showed that this approach issuccessfully applicable for daily rainfall-runoff modeling when the quality of the input data is notadequate Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

30 - Investigating the potential of urban runoff by zoning using SCS-CN Method (Case study: Region 2 of Tehran Municipality)
Fatemeh Adeli Sardoo Shahrzad Faryadi Esmaeel Salehi Manizhe Ghahroodi Tali

10.22034/jest.2017.11262

Background and Objective: Urban development reduces the permeability and increases surface runoff. The Increased runoff has encountered urban areas with many threats on the one hand and provided an opportunity on the other hand and both necessitate the management of r More

Background and Objective: Urban development reduces the permeability and increases surface runoff. The Increased runoff has encountered urban areas with many threats on the one hand and provided an opportunity on the other hand and both necessitate the management of runoff in urban areas. Zoning of rainfall and runoff are undeniable because of the major land uses in Region 2 of Tehran city which includs residential land uses, highways, and green space respectively for various return periods in order to identify those areas with high potential for surface runoff to achieve management goals. Method: The method employed in this study is SCS-CN in GIS software based on Maximum 24-hour rainfall data for a time period of 14 years collected from Rain-gauge stations around Region 2 of Tehran. Findings: The findings are determination of a common statistical period between stations used, homogeneity test, adequacy, reconstruction of incomplete data to calculate the return periods of 100, 50, 25 and 5 years to conduct zoning for the maximum 24-hour rainfall, and also construction of curve number layer based on the type of land use, effective coefficient, penetration and retention of surface using relations in the model to conduct runoff zoning in various return periods. Conclusion: The results show that the highest potential for generation of runoff is related to residential and highway land uses in eastern part, and the lowest potential is related to slopped parts in the central and north districts with green space land use that should be put under management priority. This indicates the importance of land-use in creating the potential of runoff, so that this importance makes the prominent factor of slope totally ineffective.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

31 - Evaluating the Effect of Deforestation on the Runoff- Peak by KINFIL Model (Case study: Sepidroud catchment)
Alireza Mardookhpour Leila Ooshaksaraie

Introdouction: KINFIL rainfall-runoff model has been used for the reconstruction of the rainfall runoff events in agricultural land use. Method: The implementation of the KINFIL model supported by GIS proved to be a proper method for the flood runoff assessment on Sepid More

Introdouction: KINFIL rainfall-runoff model has been used for the reconstruction of the rainfall runoff events in agricultural land use. Method: The implementation of the KINFIL model supported by GIS proved to be a proper method for the flood runoff assessment on Sepidroud catchments (north of Iran), during different scenarios of the rainfall events. Results: The results show when the observed discharge peak was 2.25 m**3/s, the computed discharge by the KINFIL model predicted 2.4 m**3/s (about 7% errors) and when the observed discharge peak was 1.9 m**3/s, the computed discharge by the KINFIL model predicted 1.8 m**3/s (about 5% errors) .Also, the KINFIL model may be used for the catchment management, including the investigation of deforestation on predict flood runoff assessment with a significant precision. The results showed when deforestation reaches 10% of total primitive areas in Sepidroud basin, the runoff-peak may increase more than 14.5 times Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

32 - Evaluation of people’s attitude towards noise pollution in the crowded streets of Rasht city in 2000
Marzieh Sadat Ayatollah Shirazi Noushin Birjandi Karim Keshavarz Shokri

10.22034/jest.2017.10730

Background and Objective: Rainfall-runoff simulation is very important in many hydrological studies, such as investigating the effects of climate change on river flow, flood prediction and planning of water resources. SWAT model was used to simulate stream flow transpor More

Background and Objective: Rainfall-runoff simulation is very important in many hydrological studies, such as investigating the effects of climate change on river flow, flood prediction and planning of water resources. SWAT model was used to simulate stream flow transport, sediment and quality variables (nitrogen and phosphorus) in the watershed areas. SWAT model is a distributed time series model with physical basis. This model has an ability to connect to GIS, in a way to cover a vast volume of data as information layers such as land use, soil map and DEM while GIS capabilities are used by the model. The main purpose of this study is testing SWAT model performance as a simulator of flow at the catchment scale. Method: This study attempts to prepare a model for Gharesou catchment. Moreover, the parameters were optimized using SWAT-CUP optimizer. Findings: The model was calibrated for the years 1992-1996 and validated for the years 1998-2000. The coefficient of determination (R2) for monthly flow was equal to 0.82 and Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient (Ens) was equal to 0.8 in the calibration period while in the validation period these coefficients were 0.77 and 0.73, respectively. Conclusion: These results indicate the success of the SWAT model, using optimized parameters, for the stream flow simulation in Gharesou catchment. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

33 - Investigation‏‏ of‏‏ chemical‏‏ quality,‏‏ oil‏‏ and‏‏ metal‏‏ contamination‏‏ of‏‏ surface‏‏ waters‏‏ at‏‏ Shazand‏‏ Refinery‏‏ and‏‏ Distribution‏‏ Complex,‏‏ Arak,‏‏ Iran
Abdorreza Vaezihir Mohammad Ranjdoust Yamchi Ali Kadkhodaie Alireza Gholmohammadi

Background&rlm;&rlm; and&rlm;&rlm; Purpose:&rlm;&rlm; Pollution&rlm;&rlm; of&rlm;&rlm; surface&rlm;&rlm; water&rlm;&rlm; by&rlm;&rlm; hydrocarbon&rlm;&rlm; compounds&rlm;&rlm; released&rlm;&rlm; from&rlm;&rlm; the&rlm;&rlm; refineries,&rlm;&rlm; storage&rlm;&rlm; tanks& More

Background&rlm;&rlm; and&rlm;&rlm; Purpose:&rlm;&rlm; Pollution&rlm;&rlm; of&rlm;&rlm; surface&rlm;&rlm; water&rlm;&rlm; by&rlm;&rlm; hydrocarbon&rlm;&rlm; compounds&rlm;&rlm; released&rlm;&rlm; from&rlm;&rlm; the&rlm;&rlm; refineries,&rlm;&rlm; storage&rlm;&rlm; tanks&rlm;&rlm; and&rlm;&rlm; convay&rlm;&rlm; pipline&rlm;&rlm; is&rlm;&rlm; very&rlm;&rlm; possible&rlm;&rlm; and&rlm;&rlm; need&rlm;&rlm; to&rlm;&rlm; be&rlm;&rlm; addressed&rlm;&rlm; with&rlm;&rlm; high&rlm;&rlm; sensitivity.&rlm;&rlm;&rlm;&rlm; Purpose&rlm;&rlm; of&rlm;&rlm; this&rlm;&rlm; study&rlm;&rlm; is&rlm;&rlm; investigation&rlm;&rlm; of&rlm;&rlm; contamination&rlm;&rlm; and&rlm;&rlm; hydrochemical&rlm;&rlm; properties&rlm;&rlm; of&rlm;&rlm; runoff&rlm;&rlm; waters&rlm;&rlm; at&rlm;&rlm; Shazand&rlm;&rlm; refinery.&rlm;&rlm; Water&rlm;&rlm; samples&rlm;&rlm; collected&rlm;&rlm; and&rlm;&rlm; analysed&rlm;&rlm; for&rlm;&rlm; major&rlm;&rlm; ions&rlm;&rlm; and&rlm;&rlm; oil&rlm;&rlm; and&rlm;&rlm; metal&rlm;&rlm; contaminants. Research&rlm;&rlm; method:&rlm;&rlm; Twoelve&rlm;&rlm; samples&rlm;&rlm; were&rlm;&rlm; collected&rlm;&rlm; from&rlm;&rlm; surface&rlm;&rlm; waters&rlm;&rlm; of&rlm;&rlm; the&rlm;&rlm; refinery&rlm;&rlm; and&rlm;&rlm; were&rlm;&rlm; analyzed&rlm;&rlm; for&rlm;&rlm; oil&rlm;&rlm; materials,&rlm;&rlm; some&rlm;&rlm; heavy&rlm;&rlm; metals,&rlm;&rlm; nutrients&rlm;&rlm; and&rlm;&rlm; major&rlm;&rlm; ions.&rlm;&rlm; Some&rlm;&rlm; other&rlm;&rlm; parameters&rlm;&rlm; like&rlm;&rlm; EC&rlm;&rlm; and&rlm;&rlm; pH&rlm;&rlm; were&rlm;&rlm; meseared&rlm;&rlm; in&rlm;&rlm; situe. Findings:&rlm;&rlm; According&rlm;&rlm; to&rlm;&rlm; the&rlm;&rlm; results,&rlm;&rlm; the&rlm;&rlm; runoff&rlm;&rlm; in&rlm;&rlm; some&rlm;&rlm; parts&rlm;&rlm; of&rlm;&rlm; the&rlm;&rlm; refinery&rlm;&rlm; shows&rlm;&rlm; contamination&rlm;&rlm; by&rlm;&rlm; benzene.&rlm;&rlm; Ethylbenzene&rlm;&rlm; concentration,&rlm;&rlm; however,&rlm;&rlm; is&rlm;&rlm; less&rlm;&rlm; than&rlm;&rlm; maximum&rlm;&rlm; permissible&rlm;&rlm; level&rlm;&rlm; and&rlm;&rlm; no&rlm;&rlm; evidence&rlm;&rlm; of&rlm;&rlm; MTBE&rlm;&rlm; and&rlm;&rlm; toluene&rlm;&rlm; was&rlm;&rlm; detected. Discussion&rlm;&rlm; and&rlm;&rlm; conclusion:&rlm;&rlm; Pollution&rlm;&rlm; by&rlm;&rlm; benzene&rlm;&rlm; can&rlm;&rlm; be&rlm;&rlm; due&rlm;&rlm; to&rlm;&rlm; pollutants&rlm;&rlm; released&rlm;&rlm; from&rlm;&rlm; the&rlm;&rlm; refining&rlm;&rlm; process&rlm;&rlm; and&rlm;&rlm; spilling&rlm;&rlm; of&rlm;&rlm; oil.&rlm;&rlm; A&rlm;&rlm; part&rlm;&rlm; of&rlm;&rlm; BTEX&rlm;&rlm; pollutants&rlm;&rlm; in&rlm;&rlm; surface&rlm;&rlm; water&rlm;&rlm; can&rlm;&rlm; be&rlm;&rlm; came&rlm;&rlm; from&rlm;&rlm; atmospheric&rlm;&rlm; washout&rlm;&rlm; during&rlm;&rlm; precipitation.&rlm;&rlm; No&rlm;&rlm; evidents&rlm;&rlm; of&rlm;&rlm; MTBE&rlm;&rlm; detected&rlm;&rlm; in&rlm;&rlm; the&rlm;&rlm; samples.&rlm;&rlm; &rlm;&rlm; It&rlm;&rlm; should&rlm;&rlm; be&rlm;&rlm; mentioned&rlm;&rlm; that&rlm;&rlm; BTEX&rlm;&rlm; and&rlm;&rlm; MTBE&rlm;&rlm; are&rlm;&rlm; volatile&rlm;&rlm; components&rlm;&rlm; and&rlm;&rlm; cannot&rlm;&rlm; be&rlm;&rlm; survived&rlm;&rlm; in&rlm;&rlm; surface&rlm;&rlm; water&rlm;&rlm; for&rlm;&rlm; a&rlm;&rlm; long&rlm;&rlm; time.&rlm;&rlm; Chemical&rlm;&rlm; parameters&rlm;&rlm; such&rlm;&rlm; as&rlm;&rlm; EC&rlm;&rlm; and&rlm;&rlm; ions&rlm;&rlm; concentaration&rlm;&rlm; in&rlm;&rlm; the&rlm;&rlm; surface&rlm;&rlm; water&rlm;&rlm; in&rlm;&rlm; the&rlm;&rlm; central&rlm;&rlm; area&rlm;&rlm; of&rlm;&rlm; the&rlm;&rlm; refinery&rlm;&rlm; shows&rlm;&rlm; an&rlm;&rlm; anomaly&rlm;&rlm; which&rlm;&rlm; would&rlm;&rlm; be&rlm;&rlm; related&rlm;&rlm; to&rlm;&rlm; the&rlm;&rlm; industrial&rlm;&rlm; activites.&rlm;&rlm; The&rlm;&rlm; runoff&rlm;&rlm; of&rlm;&rlm; this&rlm;&rlm; part&rlm;&rlm; of&rlm;&rlm; the&rlm;&rlm; refinery&rlm;&rlm; is&rlm;&rlm; less&rlm;&rlm; suitable&rlm;&rlm; for&rlm;&rlm; industrial&rlm;&rlm; and&rlm;&rlm; agricultural&rlm;&rlm; usges.&rlm;&rlm; Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

34 - Evaluation of temporal-spatial variations of soil moisture balance by Thorenthwaite Matter method (Case study: Behesht Abad basin)
Elham Davoodi Hoda Ghasemieh Khodayar Abdollahi Okke Batelaan

For the sustainable management of water resources, it is necessary to determine the water balance and its components for the correct use of water. In this study, to obtain a general overview of the water balance and its components, the soil moisture balance was calculat More

For the sustainable management of water resources, it is necessary to determine the water balance and its components for the correct use of water. In this study, to obtain a general overview of the water balance and its components, the soil moisture balance was calculated using the Thorenthwaite Matter model in the Behesht Abad basin during 2003-2015. Distribution maps, including rainfall, temperature, actual and potential evapotranspiration, soil moisture, infiltration, surface runoff and leaf area index were prepared. The results showed that in spatial distribution, in spring and summer, the highest (8.98 mm) and the lowest runoff occurs at the altitudes and in the basin outlet, and in autumn and winter, the highest (46.72 mm) and the lowest runoff occurs at the outlet and in the altitudes, respectively. The correlation coefficient between observed and simulated surface runoff is 53%. The amount of infiltration decreases during dry months, the highest infiltration (range from 16 to 31 mm) has occurred in the range of sandy loam and clay loam textures and in agricultural areas and rangeland with good and medium coverage. In terms of spatial distribution, agriculture land and good and medium rangeland have more actual evapotranspiration, which often consistent with regions have the highest leaf area index. In general, the results of this research can be useful in identifying the soil moisture condition and various aspects of this complex system and also watershed management. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

35 - Preparation of curve number map and estimation of runoff height using geographic information system and remote sensing in North Karun Basin
Sayed Hussein Roshun Mahmoud Habibnejad Roshan Kaka Shahedi Jarosław Chormański

10.30495/girs.2022.685143

Background and Objective North Karun watershed is one of the important sub-basins of the Great Karun River basin. In recent years, the occurrence of severe downstream floods in this basin has caused a lot of human and financial losses. Estimating the amount of runoff pr More

Background and Objective North Karun watershed is one of the important sub-basins of the Great Karun River basin. In recent years, the occurrence of severe downstream floods in this basin has caused a lot of human and financial losses. Estimating the amount of runoff produced by rainfall is the main step in conducting a study on flood control and mitigation. Runoff estimation is one of the most important steps in the study of watershed hydrology for flood management, water resources management and soil conservation activities. Runoff is produced as a result of excess rainfall on soil infiltration and surface maintenance and depends on various factors such as physical characteristics of the basin, rainfall and infiltration. The rainfall-runoff relationship has been studied by scientists and researchers and many models have been proposed to simulate this process. One of the basic models in this field is the curved number method model that was proposed by the US Soil Conservation Service and was named the Soil Conservation Service Curve Number or SCS-CN. The SCS-CN model is one of the simple and empirical models in the field of rainfall-runoff that is widely used in estimating runoff height around the world. The curve number (CN) of each basin indicates the hydrological behaviour and runoff generation capacity of that basin during rainfall and its value is estimated from the standard table in which the soil properties with a hydrological factor that indicates the minimum infiltration rate in the long-wet state. It is the duration of the soil, it is expressed. Accordingly, the US Soil Conservation Service has divided all soils into four main groups, A, B, C and D, with high, medium, low and very low infiltration rates, respectively. Due to the high time consumed in calculating this method, traditionally and manually, researchers used remote sensing and geographical information systems technologies to calculate it. To do this, they designed an extension called ArcCN-Runoff that can be added to the GIS environment. The purpose of this study is to generate a curve mapping (CN) and estimate the runoff height in the North Karun Basin using Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) technologies and the SCS-CN method.Materials and Methods North Karun watershed is one of the most important watersheds in the country in providing water resources, which is located in the geographical position of 49o 35' to 51o 47' E longitude and 30 o 28' to 32 o 40' N latitude. This basin has an area of 23299.31 Km2, which is located in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Isfahan, Khuzestan and part of Fars province. In order to produce curve number maps and estimate runoff height, first land use maps were generated using a supervised classification method using Landsat 8 satellite images of OLI sensors related to 2017 and the maximum likelihood algorithm was obtained. Then, the soil layer and soil hydrological groups of the basin were prepared based on the global soil map produced by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the SCS standard table for different soil hydrological groups. By combining land use maps and soil hydrological groups with the Perform Intersect command in the ArcCN-Runoff GIS environment, a curved number (CN) map was generated and edited and finalized based on the SCS-CN table. Finally, by generating a spatial distribution map of precipitation by IDW method at the basin level, runoff height or excess precipitation height was obtained by the SCS-CN method. The final runoff height map was divided into five categories: very low, low, medium, high and very high.Results and Discussion The results showed that a large area of the basin has a slope of more than 30%. Slope can be considered the most important physiographic factor in runoff production in watersheds. According to the land use map, the highest level of use is related to the oak forests of Zagros and rangelands. Due to the type of oak forests that have low density and also poor pastures in the basin due to overgrazing, runoff production is high in these uses. The curve number map also indicates that the maximum and minimum curve number values are in basins 98 and zero. In areas with high curve numbers, the potential for runoff production is high and these areas are related to areas with poor vegetation in the basin. Areas with high curve numbers and high runoff production are mostly related to the calcareous formations of the basin, including the Bakhtiari and Asmari formations, which have formed the high altitudes of the basin, including the Dena Mountains. Also, areas with medium and low CN are mostly related to forest and pasture uses, in which the potential for runoff production is moderate. On the other hand, due to the fact that most of the precipitation in the basin heights is snow, there is an opportunity to penetrate into the soil and as a result, the amount of runoff production is less. The calcareous formations in the basin, which form most of the Zagros highlands, penetrate rainfall through pores and fractures and feed groundwater, which is why we often encounter a large number of springs in these areas. On the other hand, the results of the runoff map indicate that the Zagros heights, which have a high slope, play a major role in runoff production. These areas are mostly located in the southern and southeastern areas of the basin, as well as northwest of the basin.Conclusion A large area of the basin has the potential to produce moderate runoff, which can lead to flooding downstream of the basin. Therefore, it is necessary to implement conservation and watershed management measures in the branches and areas where the flow occurred. Due to the fact that the basis of calculations in preparing maps of curve number and runoff height are raster layers, each pixel of which has a value, the calculations are done and the results are much closer to reality and save time and money. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

36 - Simulation of surface runoff using GIS-based model of Limburg soil erosion model (LISEM)
Roya Jafari Vahed Berdi Sheikh Mohsen Hosseinalizadeh Hassan Rezaei Moghadam

Simulation of runoff resulted from any significant rainfall events can help to estimate the severity of floods. To protect watersheds, application of a model which is able to predict runoff at certain times and places is essential. Therefore, this study aimed to simulat More

Simulation of runoff resulted from any significant rainfall events can help to estimate the severity of floods. To protect watersheds, application of a model which is able to predict runoff at certain times and places is essential. Therefore, this study aimed to simulate runoff generation in upstream catchments of the Shahrake Behzisti as well as assessing the effect of implementation of vegetation management scenarios, using three relatively intense rainfall events occurred in recent years. The model of physically based Limburg soil erosion model (LISEM) within PCRaster GIS and programming language was applied in this study. In order to run the LISEM model, four basic raster maps of digital elevation model, landuse, soil texture and roads (impervious areas) were prepared. Digital elevation model map of the catchment was extracted from the Ultracam image of 1 m resolution within the ArcGIS environment. During this study, only two events on 2/11/2014 and 16/9/2015  led to runoff generation. Thus, the first event was used for calibration and the second one for validation of the model. Statistical comparison of the simulated and observed hydrographs of the rain events on 2/11/2014 and 16/9/2015 showed the correlation coefficients of 0.80 and 0.76 and Nash-Sutcliffe criteria of 0.8 and 0.5 respectively. The results of the simulation showed that the model was able to predict total runoff, peak discharge, runoff initiation time and time to peak discharge with relatively good performance. The results of the application of the LISEM model showed that runoff volume and peak discharge significantly decreased by implementation of vegetation management scenarios. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

37 - پیش‌بینی اثر تغییر اقلیم بر رواناب ماهانه حوضه‌ی دز با استفاده از مدل IHACRES
ثریا صیاحی علی شهبازی خیراله خادمی

شناسایی و ارزیابی تغییرات جریان ناشی از تغییر اقلیم یکی از مهمترین فاکتورهای برنامه  ریزی مدیریت منابع آب می  باشد و این مسئله خصوصا در مناطقی که جمعیت زیادی از آن به کشاورزی مشغول هستند، اهمیت دوچندان می یابد. حوضه آبریز دز به عنوان یک قطب کشاورزی در کشور از More

شناسایی و ارزیابی تغییرات جریان ناشی از تغییر اقلیم یکی از مهمترین فاکتورهای برنامه  ریزی مدیریت منابع آب می  باشد و این مسئله خصوصا در مناطقی که جمعیت زیادی از آن به کشاورزی مشغول هستند، اهمیت دوچندان می یابد. حوضه آبریز دز به عنوان یک قطب کشاورزی در کشور از جمله مناطقی است که تغییرات آبدهی ناشی از پدیده تغییر اقلیم می تواند جمعیت زیادی را تحت تاثیر قرار دهد. در این تحقیق، ابتدا با استفاده از داده های شبکه ای بارش APHRODITE و مجموعه داده های شبکه ای دمای CHCN-CAMS، مدل هیدرولوژیکی IHACRES برای حوضه مورد نظر واسنجی شد. سپس با معرفی دما و بارش سناریوی 6/2 گزارش پنجم (CMIP5) به مدل هیدرولوژیکی مذکور، تغییرات آبدهی حوضه آبریز در دوره های آتی شبیه سازی می شود. نتایج نشان از افزایش 17/0 تا 2 درجه ای دما و تغییرات 3 تا 75 درصدی بارندگی در دوره 2011-2035 نسبت به دوره مشاهداتی 1983-2007 دارد. نتایج شبیه سازی رواناب برای دوره آتی حاکی از افزایش 7/9 درصدی متوسط رواناب سالانه درازمدت رواناب نسبت به دوره مشاهداتی می باشد. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

38 - برآورد بارش رواناب و تهیه نقشه‌های کاربری اراضی و سطوح کشاورزی با استفاده از فن آوری سنجش از دور در حوضه آبریز رود زرد در استان خوزستان
رحیم آورند حسن ترابی پوده

    امروزه فن آوری سنجش از دور، در تمام زمینه‌های علمی و اطلاع رسانی در دنیا مورد استفاده است و نتایج بسیار رضایت بخشی داده است. در این تحقیق با بکار گیری فن آوری سنجش از دور و استفاده از تصاویر ماهواره ای، ضریب شماره منحنی با دقت بالایی برآورد شد ودبی پی More

    امروزه فن آوری سنجش از دور، در تمام زمینه‌های علمی و اطلاع رسانی در دنیا مورد استفاده است و نتایج بسیار رضایت بخشی داده است. در این تحقیق با بکار گیری فن آوری سنجش از دور و استفاده از تصاویر ماهواره ای، ضریب شماره منحنی با دقت بالایی برآورد شد ودبی پیک سیلاب، با دقت خوبی محاسبه گردید.در این مطالعه از جهت تاثیر تغییرات کاربری اراضی روی داده‌های یک واقعه تاریخی، برای تصمیم گیری و ارزیابی تغییرات دوره بلند مدت کاربری اراضی حوضه نیز استفاده شده است. اندازه گیری‌های بارش و جریان روزانه هم زمان، نشان داد که تغییرات کاربری اراضی، بر روی رابطه بارش- رواناب، در حوضه رودخانه مذکور تاثیر دارد. ولی به دلیل اینکه تصاویر ماهواره ای (به غیر از دو دوره 1990 و 2002 ) در دوره‌های زمانی مختلف، موجود نبود، نتایج ارزیابی تغییرات کاربری اراضی و تاثیر آن بر نتایج رابطه بارش- رواناب، نشان داده نشده است. در این مطالعه سیمای کلی حوضه، از سال 1990 تا 2002 تغییرات محسوسی نداشته است. نتایج، نشان داد که سنجش از دور و تکنولوژی GIS، برای تجزیه و تحلیل توزیع عمق رواناب، زیر حوضه‌های مورد مطالعه، مناسب می باشد. این فن آوری برای پیش بینی رواناب در آبخیزداری و منابع آب، می تواند مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

39 - تعیین شماره منحنی رواناب در دو اقلیم خشک و مرطوب ایران به کمک RS و GIS (مطالعه موردی: حوضه‌های آبریز منصورآباد و ناورود)
مصطفی یعقوب زاده بهروز اعتباری علی شهیدی علی محمد نوفرستی

استفاده از سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی و سنجش از دور به منظور تخمین رواناب حوضه آبریزدر سال‌های اخیر افزایش یافته است. این پژوهش به منظور مشخص نمودن وضعیت هیدرولوژیکی و رواناب دو حوضه آبریز با دو اقلیم متفاوت (خشک و مرطوب) در کشور انجام شد. در این تحقیق، نقشه شماره منحنی رو More

استفاده از سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی و سنجش از دور به منظور تخمین رواناب حوضه آبریزدر سال‌های اخیر افزایش یافته است. این پژوهش به منظور مشخص نمودن وضعیت هیدرولوژیکی و رواناب دو حوضه آبریز با دو اقلیم متفاوت (خشک و مرطوب) در کشور انجام شد. در این تحقیق، نقشه شماره منحنی رواناب با استفاده از سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی و تصاویر ماهواره لندست (ETM+) برای دو حوضه آبریز، منصورآباد خراسان جنوبی و ناورود گیلان و بر اساس فاکتورهایی مانند گروه هیدرولوژی خاک، کاربری اراضی و پوشش گیاهی تعیین شده است. نقشه وضعیت پوشش زمین برای دو حوضه آبریز با کمک شاخص NDVI، نقشه کاربری اراضی حوضه‌ها با استفاده از داده‌های ماهواره لندست و نقشه گروه هیدرولوژیکی خاک به کمک نقشه‌های خاک، شیب، کاربری اراضی، تشکیلات زمین شناسی و بازدیدهای صحرائی تهیه گردید. از تلفیق نقشه‌های تهیه شده در GIS و با استفاده از  جدول SCS، نقشه شماره منحنی رواناب برای هر دو حوضه تعیین گردید. سپس برای ارزیابی صحت شماره منحنی به دست آمده، دبی حداکثر سیلاب در هر دو حوضه آبریز به کمک مدل HEC-HMS محاسبه و با مقدار مشاهده ای مقایسه گردید. عدم اختلاف معنی دار بین دبی محاسبه ای و مشاهده ای، نشان داد شماره منحنی هر دو حوضه آبریز با صحت زیاد محاسبه شده است. هم چنین نتایج نشان داد که متوسط وزنی شماره منحنی رواناب حوضه منصورآباد خیلی بیشتر از حوضه ناورود می باشد که این امر می تواند سبب بروز سیلاب‌های مخرب در هنگام وقوع رگبارهای فراوان شود. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

40 - بررسی تغییرات رواناب حوضه آبریز تحت شرایط تغییراقلیم (مطالعه موردی حوضه آبریز کارون در محل پل شالو)
زهرا رامک جهانگیر پرهمت حسین صدقی ابراهیم فتاحی مهران لشنی زند

تغییر اقلیم یکی از مهمترین چالش هایی است که رژیم رواناب رودخانه ها را تحت تأثیر قرار داده است. شرایط اقلیمی گرمتر باعث تشدید چرخه آب، تغییر بارش و تغییر در مقدار و زمان ظهور رواناب می گردد. در رابطه با این موضوع، مطالعات بسیاری در نقاط مختلف جهان صورت گرفته که نتایج متف More

تغییر اقلیم یکی از مهمترین چالش هایی است که رژیم رواناب رودخانه ها را تحت تأثیر قرار داده است. شرایط اقلیمی گرمتر باعث تشدید چرخه آب، تغییر بارش و تغییر در مقدار و زمان ظهور رواناب می گردد. در رابطه با این موضوع، مطالعات بسیاری در نقاط مختلف جهان صورت گرفته که نتایج متفاوتی حاصل شده است. با توجه به اهمیت حوضه آبریز کارون از نظر منابع آبی و عدم مطالعات کافی تحت سناریوهای مختلف در این حوضه، در تحقیق حاضر تلاش شده است تا تاثیر این پدیده بر رواناب حوضه مذکور مورد بررسی قرار گیرد. در ابتدا مقادیر دما و بارش ماهانه مدل HadCM3 تحت سه سناریوی A1B ، A2 و  B1 با استفاده از مدل LARS-WG به لحاظ مکانی و سپس با استفاده از روش عامل تغییر به لحاظ زمانی کوچک مقیاس گردیدند. در مرحله بعد برای شبیه سازی رواناب حوضه از مدل SRM استفاده گردید که پس از واسنجی، با معرفی مقادیر دما و بارش کوچک مقیاس شده دوره آتی به مدل، رواناب حوضه مورد شبیه‌سازی قرار گرفت. نتایج تحقیق نشان از افزایش دما و تغییر در بارندگی دوره 2039-2011 نسبت به دوره پایه را دارد. همچنین مقایسه رواناب دوره 2039-2011 با دوره پایه نشان می دهد که تغییراقلیم باعث تغییر در رژیم رودخانه خواهد شد و در آینده، دبی رودخانه در ماه های خشک و کم آب، کمتر و در ماه های با جریان سیلابی، بیشتر خواهد شد. همچنین، بیشترین کاهش دبی رودخانه در ماه سپتامبر رخ خواهد داد و این ماه به لحاظ منابع آبی بحرانی خواهد بود. علاوه بر این، بیشترین افزایش دبی رودخانه مربوط به فصل ذوب برف خواهد بود که این موضوع لزوم برنامه ریزی در زمینه مدیریت منابع آب این حوضه را نشان می دهد. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

41 - کارآیی مدل برنامه ریزی ژنتیک در شبیه سازی فرآیند بارش- رواناب (مطالعه موردی : حوضه آبریز رودخانه خرم آباد)
حمیدرضا باباعلی زهره رامک رضا سپهوند

پیشبینی میزان دبی رودخانه یکی از مسایل مهمِ مهندسی منابع آب است؛ این موضوع از نظر برنامـهریـزی، مـدیریت، و سیاستگذاری منابع آبی در راستای توسعة اقتصادی و زیستمحیطی بهویژه در کشوری مثل ایران، با منابع آبی محدود اهمیت بسیار زیادی دارد. آگاهیازچگونگیارت More

پیشبینی میزان دبی رودخانه یکی از مسایل مهمِ مهندسی منابع آب است؛ این موضوع از نظر برنامـهریـزی، مـدیریت، و سیاستگذاری منابع آبی در راستای توسعة اقتصادی و زیستمحیطی بهویژه در کشوری مثل ایران، با منابع آبی محدود اهمیت بسیار زیادی دارد. آگاهیازچگونگیارتباطبینبارندگیورواناب حوضههایآبریزبخشجدانشدنیمطالعاتطرحهایآبی میباشد.  فقداندادههایکافیبارش-رواناببهدلیلنبود ایستگاههایآبسنجیمناسب،اهمیتبهکارگیری روشهای نامستقیم و الگوریتمهای فراکاوشیرابرایبرآوردمیزانروانابحوضههای آبریزبیشازپیشنمایانمیسازد. در این تحقیق از مدل برنامهریزی ژنتیک بهمنظور شبیهسازی فرآیند بارش-رواناب حوضه آبریز رودخانه خرمآباد استفاده شده است و برای معرفیالگوهاوشناساییبهترینالگویحاکمبرماهیت جریان، با استفاده از توابع برازش و انجام فرآیندهای توسعهای و تکرار به منظور یافتن تعداد تکرار بهینه، همه دادههای دوره آماری به دو دسته آموزش و آزمایش(52% آموزش و 48% آزمایش) تقسیم شدند و برنامه برای 1000 تکرار اجرا گردید. همچنین جهت ارزیابی روابط حاصله از مدل شبیهساز، از شاخصهای جذر میانگین مربعات خطا (RMSE)،میانگین خطای مطلق(MSE) وضریب تعیین (R2) استفاده شده است. بررسیهای انجام شده حاکی از آن است که فرمول استفاده شده شماره 3 بیشترین انطباق را با دادههای مشاهداتی دارد. بنابراین پیشنهاد میشود جهت مطالعات بارش- رواناب این حوضه از فرمول ذکر شده استفاده گردد. نتیجه این تحقیق مدل برنامهریزی ژنتیک را یک روش صریح و دقیق برای پیشبینی جریان رودخانه در حوضه آبریز رودخانه خرمآباد پیشنهاد مینماید. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

42 - Assessment of Islamshahr Watershed Environmental Reaction by Kinematic Wave Theory in GIS Base
Mahmood Zakeri Niri

Hydrologic problems are important in urban management. Hydrograph is an efficient tool in this management. In this paper behavior of synthetic and real watershed is studied. In first equations of Kinematic Wave Theory have coded in MATLAB and finally by achieved model i More

Hydrologic problems are important in urban management. Hydrograph is an efficient tool in this management. In this paper behavior of synthetic and real watershed is studied. In first equations of Kinematic Wave Theory have coded in MATLAB and finally by achieved model in MATLAB and use of GIS, reaction of watershed have assessment. In real watershed state, computed results have compared with a set of laboratory data (Observed Results). Comparison showed accuracy in regression. In second step, Islamshahr Watershed as a real watershed has assessment and by making isochrones, Time-Area curve was result by variety in rainfall intensity Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

43 - Uncertainty analysis of HEC-HMS parameters using the GLUE methodology in Dez Dam watershed
mehdi komasi behrang beiranvand

This study represents the application of a generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation (GLUE) technique for automatic calibration of the well-known Hydrologic Engineering Center-Hydrologic Modelling System (HEC-HMS) model. For this purpose, the GLUE method was used in More

This study represents the application of a generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation (GLUE) technique for automatic calibration of the well-known Hydrologic Engineering Center-Hydrologic Modelling System (HEC-HMS) model. For this purpose, the GLUE method was used in calibration of the HEC-HMS model built for Dez Dam basin located in south-west of Iran. From the three selected events, first event was used for calibration and all events were used for uncertainty and sensitivity analysis using GLUE approach. Model calibration showed that the developed model is a suitable model for simulation of flood with R2 and Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency of 0.9 and 0.887, respectively. Sensitivity analysis of the model based on the four parameters of the Green Ampt method indicated that model does not show the same sensitivity on the same parameter in different events. For instance, saturated hydraulic conductivity has the greatest influence on the model of event 1 and model of event 3 is more sensitive to saturation suction at the wetting front and porosity. Uncertainty analysis using posterior distribution describes the uncertainty of estimation after taking into account information provided by the various flood events. Overall, the GLUE analysis showed that there is a significant uncertainty associated with hydrological modelling that is due to multiple sources of errors. Also, this method can be used for calibration of hydrological models like HEC-HMS Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

44 - Assessment of CN method in runoff Estemation using of GIS In Madarsu basin in Golestan province
Ali Panahi Bohloul Alijani Hosein Mohammadi

Every year, due to the penetration of cyclone and different air masses and also local conditions, the resultingflood phenomena causes extreme damage to the natural and economical resources. Sometimes, due to the floodwaves or high density of residual materials, hydromet More

Every year, due to the penetration of cyclone and different air masses and also local conditions, the resultingflood phenomena causes extreme damage to the natural and economical resources. Sometimes, due to the floodwaves or high density of residual materials, hydrometric stations are damaged and consequently the recordeddata do not match to real data. Considering the lack of hydrometrical stations in most of the small watersheds,determination of runoff and maximum flood discharge requires a suitable method to estimate runoff and peakflow which to be used in flood and erosion control management plans. In this study empirical CN method isused.In this study, a principle of work method is applying of statistical data (5686 statistics year of climatologystations Robate ,Ghare bil, Cheshmekhan, Hagholkhaje, Dasht, Dashte shad, tangrah,Ghojmaz,Til abad,pishkamar, Galikesh and station hydrometric Tnagrah). Spatial data analysis and also using of satellite imagesfor gaining CN map in SCS model with GIS, in the next stage recognized applying the SCS equation, CN mapand precipitation layer which zones have the potential for creating of similar runoff.In this study, also due to assessment curve number CN choice several flood danger that the results shows thehigh correlation between curve number calculated and curve number observed and also resulted that use ofweight model in curve number calculate provided to consider all of effective factors in runoff existing and at theresult attain reliable estimate of runoff resulting the rainfall. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

45 - Simulation of snowmelt runoff by (SRM) hydrological model Using MODIS Satellite Imagery
Ehsan Fouladvand

10.30495/jrors.2023.1974795.1169

Prediction and estimation of runoff from snowfall and a quantitative understanding of its various production processes is considered as one of the important topics in hydrology. Therefore, the quantitative and qualitative achievement of it with a systemic approach in th More

Prediction and estimation of runoff from snowfall and a quantitative understanding of its various production processes is considered as one of the important topics in hydrology. Therefore, the quantitative and qualitative achievement of it with a systemic approach in this regard is of importance since it forms the basis of studies of construction projects in various fields of development and exploitation in water resources and hydraulic structures and other environmental areas in the watersheds. Regarding the fact that snow cover represents the amount of stored water, so spatial-temporal (spatiotemporal) monitoring of snowmelt runoff is of great importance in hydrological forecasting in this region.The determination of the amount of snowmelt runoff is a function of regional characteristics and the availability of regional data. Therefore, in order to achieve this, ground operation and the creation of a denser network of snow survey stations are needed, which is almost impossible and is not economical. Therefore, in this study, in order to simulate runoff and estimate the share of snowmelt runoff in Marboreh River, simultaneously, optical satellite data and hydrological modelling of runoff are used as advantages. So that, snow product of the 8-day MODIS at 500-meter resolution was used to calculate the snow cover. Finally, the results obtained from runoff simulation by the coefficient of determination and subtracting volume, which were obtained at 0.93 and 3.48 respectively, indicate the high accuracy of the simulation for the area under study. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

46 - The use of geographic information system and remote sensing in evaluating the effects of watershed management projects implemented in the Rimleh Watershed of Khorramabad City.
Ebrahim Karimi Sangchini SeyedAbdolhossein Arami Ebrahim Yousefi Mobarhan

Evaluating the implemented watershed projects and providing a perspective of their performance results provide managers and decision-makers with appropriate information for long-term planning. Nowadays, by using powerful remote sensing software and geographic informatio More

Evaluating the implemented watershed projects and providing a perspective of their performance results provide managers and decision-makers with appropriate information for long-term planning. Nowadays, by using powerful remote sensing software and geographic information system, the necessary calculations can be done with more accuracy and speed. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effects of watershed management projects implemented in the Rimeleh Watershed using geographic information system and remote sensing in terms of erosion, sedimentation, and runoff. EPM model was used to predict erosion before and after the implementation of watershed projects. American Soil Conservation Society (SCS) curve number method was used to calculate the runoff before and after implementation of watershed management plans. The CN coefficient was calculated for two applications prepared in 1370 and the current one. The paired t-test was used to investigate the statistical difference between the difference in production runoff and the amount of erosion and sedimentation before and after the implementation of watershed projects. The amount of total annual erosion and sedimentation in current conditions have decreased by an average of 6793 cubic meters and 5712 tons, respectively, compared to before the implementation of watershed protection plans. The amount of difference in the volume of annual runoff between before the implementation of the plans and the current conditions is on average about 15256 cubic meters. The results of the paired t-test showed that the watershed protection measures implemented in the Rimeleh Watershed have been able to create a significant difference in reducing erosion, sedimentation and production runoff, and the general conclusion is that these measures have had a significant positive effect in reducing erosion, sedimentation, and production runoff. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

47 - Comparison of Soil Moisture Accounting model and Neuro-fuzzy for Rainfall-Runoff Modeling (Case study: Zola Chay watershed)
Ebrahim Yousefi Mobarhan

Hydrological simulation of watersheds applies for estimating peak discharge and runoff volume from rainfall, flood routing in rivers and flood hydrograph analysis. The purpose of this study is application of soil moisture accounting (HMS SMA) and Neuro-fuzzy models in d More

Hydrological simulation of watersheds applies for estimating peak discharge and runoff volume from rainfall, flood routing in rivers and flood hydrograph analysis. The purpose of this study is application of soil moisture accounting (HMS SMA) and Neuro-fuzzy models in daily flow, The purpose of this study is application of soil moisture accounting (HMS SMA) and Neuro-fuzzy models in daily flow. runoff volume and hydrograph analysis of the simulated rainfall - runoff in the Zola Chay watershed. In this study after of Zola Chay watershed modeling with HEC-GeoHMS Extension, In this study after of Zola Chay watershed modeling with HEC-GeoHMS Extension. the model entered to HEC-HMS program and by parameters estimating of soil moisture accounting model, the rainfall- runoff simulation in other scales has been done. By analysis of time scales for calibration and optimization of HMS SMA model parameters we can claim that the monthly time scale rainfall - runoff simulation accurate than annual, seasonal, semiannual and annual time scales can be better than the other time scales of flow to estimate peak. Comparing the calibration and optimization soil moisture and Neuro-fuzzy methods revealed that fuzzy method can simulate rainfall- runoff relationship better than SMA model by best statistical coefficients (E= 0.76 and RMSE= 0.18). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

48 - Examining the certainty of remote sensing data in models for estimating water resources derived from snowmelt runoff
Eslam Galehban Mehrneg Dosti Rezaei Farhad Nasiri

Shahrchay Dam is one of the main sources for providing drinking water and irrigation to the city of Urmia. The snow reserves in this basin serve as a strategic water supply for the agricultural sector and are utilized as runoff in the lower part of the basin as temperat More

Shahrchay Dam is one of the main sources for providing drinking water and irrigation to the city of Urmia. The snow reserves in this basin serve as a strategic water supply for the agricultural sector and are utilized as runoff in the lower part of the basin as temperatures rise. Therefore, having information about snow reserves and the runoff derived from them throughout the year is of special importance in water resources management of the basin. There are various methods available for estimating runoff derived from snowmelt, typically using a combination of meteorological data and remote sensing. In this study, the snow cover data from the MODIS, the ERA-LAND reanalysis dataset, and the GPM precipitation database, all of which are products of remote sensing, were used as inputs for the snowmelt runoff model (SRM). The daily runoff resulting from snowmelt in the Shahrchay Dam Basin was estimated using satellite images and products in the water year of (September 2019 to August 2020). And The model outputs were validated based on the daily river discharge data measured by the Barde Sour station. The results indicate that the Snowmelt Runoff Model (SRM) performed well in the studied basin, with a coefficient of determination (R2) exceeding 0.8 and a (DV) -2.21. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

49 - Urban Runoff Management by the People with the Facilitation of the Municipality in the Form of Theories of Mental Action and Acceptance of Innovation (Case Study of Abkooh Neighborhood of Mashhad
Rostam Saberifar

Frost is one of the natural events whose early and late occurrence can affect different aspects of human life. Therefore, this research has been carried out with the aim of predicting the atmospheric factors of this phenomenon with an environmental approach. For this pu More

Frost is one of the natural events whose early and late occurrence can affect different aspects of human life. Therefore, this research has been carried out with the aim of predicting the atmospheric factors of this phenomenon with an environmental approach. For this purpose, the environmental data related to the daily minimum temperature of 2001-2017 for 9 synoptic stations located in Ardabil, Urmia and Tabriz provinces were obtained from the Meteorological Organization of the whole country and the days with temperature below 0 degrees Celsius that cover 40% of the studied area in were selected and using the ward hierarchical clustering method that was applied on the average sea level pressure maps related to ice days, the classification of the free days was done. In order to determine the representative of each class using scripting in the MATLAB environment, Lund's correlation was calculated between the maps of different days of each class of 2 to 5 groups with a coefficient of 0.5; And the days that had a correlation coefficient of 0.5 and the most similarity with the majority of days of that class were introduced as the representative of the group. After determining the representative day, atmospheric data was prepared from the Nova site and maps of sea level pressure, geopotential height, wind vector, temperature of 500 hPa and atmospheric thickness were drawn in Gurdes software. The results of the 4 patterns for ice days showed that the most effective systems on the northwest of Iran were high pressure systems in Siberia, low pressure systems near the Arctic and high pressure systems in Northern Europe, and the studied areas were located in the front of Faraz and the negative circulation of air brought stable conditions. In most of these patterns, the western winds that have moved in the polar ice channel have brought cold air from the northern latitudes into the atmosphere of the study areas and caused low air temperatures. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

50 - Investigation of the Effect of Land Use Change on Runoff of Qarachai River Basin Using HEC-HMS Models
Sayyad Asghari Saraskanrood Alireza Saeidi

In recent decades, land use change under the influence of environmental and human factors has caused serious effects on the environment, economy and society. Hydrological models are a simplified representation of the actual hydrological system that studies the operation More

In recent decades, land use change under the influence of environmental and human factors has caused serious effects on the environment, economy and society. Hydrological models are a simplified representation of the actual hydrological system that studies the operation of the basin, so model selection requires recognizing the capabilities and limitations of hydrological models in the basin. In the present study, the analysis of land use changes and its effect on runoff in Qara-Chay basin was performed using HEC-HMS models. In order to investigate land use changes on the impact on basin runoff changes, the 2020 annual rainfall of the basin with 2001 land use characteristics was introduced to the model. The results related to land use changes show that the most changes in land use include changes related to land without vegetation in a decreasing manner and a mixture of irrigated and rainfed agriculture in an increasing manner. In the simulation of Gharachai catchment basin in HEC-HMS model, calibration of the basin in six sub-basins based on runoff peak, runoff height and runoff volume was examined. 94% and in the runoff peak element with 95.12% and in the runoff volume element with 97.5% show the correct implementation of the model on the basin. Therefore, it can be said that land use change in Qarachai catchment has increased the peak and volume of runoff and ultimately has led to an increase in runoff in this basin. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

51 - Identification and Zoning of Flood-Prone Areas Using AHP - GIS (Case Study: Dayyer County, Bushehr Province)
Adel Mohammad Doust Seyed Amir Shamsnia

Flood-prone areas are of great importance in order to control the resulting damages, store runoff and increase underground water reserves. In this regard, it is possible to use advanced spatial methods to identify flood-prone areas and use its results in urban managemen More

Flood-prone areas are of great importance in order to control the resulting damages, store runoff and increase underground water reserves. In this regard, it is possible to use advanced spatial methods to identify flood-prone areas and use its results in urban management planning. The purpose of the present study is to identify flood prone areas and flood potential zoning of dayyer County in Bushehr province using hierarchical analysis in GIS environment. For this purpose, based on the most important effective factors in creating floods and their weighting, the Analytical Hierarchy (AHP) method was used. After preparing the weighted maps and analyzing the criteria, by overlapping the layers, a flood zoning map was prepared and presented in dayyer County. Based on the results, the extension of the northern and northeastern elevations to the east of dayyer County and the middle elevations of the city and its center have a high flood potential. The results showed that out of the total area of 2306 square kilometers of the studied area, 204 square kilometers are in the very low vulnerability category (8.8%), 563 square kilometers are in the low vulnerability category (24%), and 694 square kilometers are in the medium vulnerability category (5.5). 30 percent), 583 square kilometers are in the high vulnerability class (25.2 percent) and 262 square kilometers are in the very high vulnerability class (11.5 percent). Considering that more than 50% of the area of the region has a medium to high risk of flood potential and the areas with a very high risk also constitute a significant area of the region, Therefore, it is necessary that flood-prone areas be the focus of urban management planning. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

52 - Management and disposal of urban runoff using the GIS geographic information system (Case study: Mahshahr port)
Maryam Ilanlou mostafa ghanavati sadegh besharati

The purpose of constructing surface water collection networks is to provide the possibility of securing the city against unforeseen events (cessation) and improving urban health, etc. During the recent rains in Mahshahr port, most of the roads and streets were severely More

The purpose of constructing surface water collection networks is to provide the possibility of securing the city against unforeseen events (cessation) and improving urban health, etc. During the recent rains in Mahshahr port, most of the roads and streets were severely flooded due to the lack of canals and even streams. The purpose of this study is to manage and repel runoff using geographic information system in Mahshahr port. For this purpose, using the geographic information system, first the digital layers of the region including height, slope, slope direction and drainage network of the city were prepared. Then, using fuzzy logic method, spaces with runoff potential in the area were identified. The research findings indicate that the focus of these spaces is in the east, center and northeast and southeast of the region. Then, using the RiverTools technique and according to the map of the city's drainage network, the best routes were prepared for the construction of the proposed canals. These channels include sub-channels, main secondary channels and main secondary channels. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

53 - Comparison of Runoff and Suspended Sediment Concentration in Various Work Units of Lavij Watershed
M.R Javadi tabalvandani S.A Gholami جعفر Dastorani

In this study Run off and sediment generated from rain fall simulator was investigated in lavij watershed. In this order٬slope-Lithology- geomorphology and Land use maps were intersected and then, work units map was prepared. Then, in each Work unit's tree run off and s More

In this study Run off and sediment generated from rain fall simulator was investigated in lavij watershed. In this order٬slope-Lithology- geomorphology and Land use maps were intersected and then, work units map was prepared. Then, in each Work unit's tree run off and sediment sampling was created by Rainfall simulator. Results show that٬ the Maximum potential of runoff generation was approved ٬in work unit of number fifteen with range land and 15-30% slop, also the Maximum potential of Sediment suspended production was approved ٬in work unit of number teen with range land and 15-30% and shemshak formation. The minimum run off and suspende sediment production were approved in work unit number one with range land and 12-15% and Elika formation.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

54 - Flood warning system established by the integrated management of hydrological and hydraulic modeling
وحید Yazdani احسان Behjati عاطفه Arfa

Abstract Study more about the different points of view Hydrometolojy flood drainage systems and catchment  model analysis of rainfall, runoff and flood  designated area according to hydrological and hydraulic retention basins, not only financially, but also t More

Abstract Study more about the different points of view Hydrometolojy flood drainage systems and catchment  model analysis of rainfall, runoff and flood  designated area according to hydrological and hydraulic retention basins, not only financially, but also the legal and the pre  warning system to predict and help the decoder is represents the flooding. The purpose of this study is to provide an appropriate mechanism to establish flood warning system hydrological model HEC-HMS and HEC-RAS hydraulic model for the catchment dam is Garmi Chay. After restructuring the data in hydrological studies, flood frequency analysis, maximum a day at selected stations has been distributed to all stations, the three-parameter normal distribution. Applying the ratio of the maximum instantaneous flood peak flood one day, maximum instantaneous flood levels with return periods Garmi Chay River at the dam site Garmi Chay was calculated. The model calculations show that the contribution of the sub-basin outlet flood peak flows sub watershed is not necessarily proportional to the sub basin with high peak flows are not necessarily more effective flood basin outlet. Based on the results pre alerts dam hot tea in Group C (no more than 3 to 6 hours) floor was packed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

55 - Comparison of development trends of Tehran and Isfahan cities and its effects on vegetation, climate and air pollution using GEE, Giovanni
Mahdieh Rezaeyan

10.30495/jonass.2022.1951490.1031

Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

56 - Performance of Porous Concrete Containing Additive in Reduction of Urban Runoff
Ehsan Teymouri s.farhad musavi hojjat karami saeid farzin

One of the cases of human intervention in environment is vast variations in making parts of the land surface impervious, followed by changes in the hydrologic cycle. Porous concrete is an especial type of highly pervious concrete, compatible with the environment, and co More

One of the cases of human intervention in environment is vast variations in making parts of the land surface impervious, followed by changes in the hydrologic cycle. Porous concrete is an especial type of highly pervious concrete, compatible with the environment, and could be used a method to increase surface infiltrate and reduce urban runoff. In the present experimental research, to improve the performance of this type of concrete, effect of adding lightweight pumice and perlite (0.6-1.2 mm), and adding 10% fine grains to the samples, was investigated. In this respect, the effective parameters for using porous concrete in urban runoff system, such as compression strength, hydraulic conductivity and porosity of the samples were measured. Analysis of experimental results was performed by using SAS 9.4 software at 95% confidence level. Results showed that adding fine grains to porous concrete increases compression strength and reduces hydraulic conductivity and porosity. Addition of lightweight pumice increases compression strength and reduces hydraulic conductivity and porosity of porous concrete. But, lightweight perlite reduced all three parameters of hydraulic conductivity, porosity and compression strength. In general, lightweight pumice, which has higher density and more pore space in its structure with respect to perlite, had better performance. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

57 - Determining the type of relationship between the erosion and runoff simultaneous threshold with soil physical properties
hamzah saeediyan Hamid reza Morady

Then, sampling of erosion and runoff threshold in 6 points with 3 replicates and in different rainfall intensities of 0.75, 1 and 1.25 mm/min in three land uses of the range, residential area and agricultural lands with the help of the rain simulator was done. In additi More

Then, sampling of erosion and runoff threshold in 6 points with 3 replicates and in different rainfall intensities of 0.75, 1 and 1.25 mm/min in three land uses of the range, residential area and agricultural lands with the help of the rain simulator was done. In addition, the same number of runoff and erosion threshold samples, sampling of the soil physical properties such as clay, silt, sand, very fine sand and moisture content was done. I The results showed that in Gachsaran Formation and in all three rangeland, agricultural and residential land uses and in all three intensities of 0.75, 1 and 1.25 mm/min, very fine soil sand in eight cases had the opposite relationship and in one case had a direct relationship with the erosion and runoff simultaneous threshold and soil clay had the opposite relationship in two cases and had a direct relationship in seven cases and soil silt had the opposite relationship in four cases and had a direct relationship in five cases. Soil sand in six cases showed the opposite relationship and in two cases showed a direct relationship and in one case did not show a relationship, and soil moisture in seven cases showed an inverse relationship and in two cases showed a direct relationship with erosion and runoff simultaneous threshold. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

58 - Modeling Ghotour-Chai River’s Rainfall-Runoff process by Genetic Programming
Mina Ruhnavaz Abdolreza Hatamlou

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Open Access Article

59 - The likely Effect of Precipitation Change on Runoff, Case Study: Jajrood River
alireza shakiba batol bahak zari monavarian

One of the likely effects of climate change is to study the effect of rainfall variations in runoff values Accordingly, in this research catchment namely Jajrood was selected. First, rainfall and runoff data using homogenity test was studied. Then, a statistical period More

One of the likely effects of climate change is to study the effect of rainfall variations in runoff values Accordingly, in this research catchment namely Jajrood was selected. First, rainfall and runoff data using homogenity test was studied. Then, a statistical period was chosen . To study the data distribution, many statistical indices such as mean, variance, standard diviation,…were calculated. Wet and dry periods was extracted based on a moving average method . Finally order in make a significant correlation between rainfall and runoff , the correlation coefficient and regression equation were calculated. The result of the research showed that there could be a some periods of dry and wet in the study area , with more lasting dry period. The result also indicated that there is a rather significant correlation between rainfall and runoff . The correlation coefficient and R2 for Jajrood catchment are 0.8389 & 0.7039 respectively. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

60 - Sensitivity Analysis of Meteorological Parameters in Runoff Modelling Using SWAT (Case Study: Kasillian Watershed)
Mohsen Ghane Sayed Reza Alvankar

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Open Access Article

61 - Studying the Relationship between Environmental Factors, Runoff Characteristics and Infiltration Depth Using Rainfall Simulator in Northwestern Rangelands of Iran
Sedigheh Mohamadi

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Open Access Article

62 - Influence of Pasture and Rainfed Agriculture Land Uses on Soil Loss in Dojag-Chay Subwatershed (Ardabil Province- NW Iran)
R. Talaei A. Jafari Ardakani F. Azimi R. Bayat M. Parehkar

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Open Access Article

63 - Precipitation-runoff Simulation with Neural Network(Case study: Nasa Bam Plain)
mehdi shahrokhi sardoo mojtaba jafari kermanipour

Short-term runoff forecasting is of particular importance due to its direct relationship with how managers interact with life risks caused by floods. In this research, by using artificial neural networks, simulation of rainfall-runoff process has been done on a daily ba More

Short-term runoff forecasting is of particular importance due to its direct relationship with how managers interact with life risks caused by floods. In this research, by using artificial neural networks, simulation of rainfall-runoff process has been done on a daily basis in the Nasa Bam watershed. In order to predict the future process of using the water resources of the mentioned plain, different combinations of rainfall and temperature data and discharge and discharge difference of two consecutive days were used. The number of hidden layer neurons in the neural network varied between 2 and 10 neurons. The statistical criteria of root mean square error RMSE, mean absolute value of error MAE and correlation coefficient R were used to evaluate and compare the performance of neural networks in runoff forecasting. The results showed that by having 2 inputs and feedforward neural network or 1 input and newrbe network, the best performance was achieved and the rainfall-runoff process was predicted with higher accuracy. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

64 - Data-based mechanistic modeling of rainfall-runoff process, case study: upper Karoun subbasin data analysis
Navid Jalalkamali Hossein Sedghi

    A major part of hydrological researches focused on complex and non-linear rainfall-runoff process. Mathematical models were presented to describe this process including a wide range from simple black-box representation to complex physically-based mode More

    A major part of hydrological researches focused on complex and non-linear rainfall-runoff process. Mathematical models were presented to describe this process including a wide range from simple black-box representation to complex physically-based models. Considering inherent uncertainty associated with the process as a result of uncertain input variables and uncertain calibrated parameters, stochastic modeling seemed preferable to deterministic approaches. In this study, data-based mechanistic modeling (DBM) was selected to identify non-linearities of the process. The method is categorized as a stochastic approach relying upon recursive parameter estimation using Kalman filtering algorithm in state space system of equations. In addition, it is capable to reflect a physical interpretation of rainfall-runoff conversion to describe the behavior of the system. The later capability differs it from other black-box modeling approaches. In this research, a parallel structure of flow routes was identified in upper-Karoun subbasin of the great Karoun catchment. Sensitivity analysis was also carried out based on Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) method and the reliability of the presented model were quantified. Manuscript profile

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